Professional Electrician & Installer September 2021 by Hamerville Media Group

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TO EE FR DE RA ET TH

PROFESSIONAL

ELECTRICIAN THE BUSINESS MAGAZINE FOR THE ELECTRICAL TRADE

& INSTALLER SEPTEMBER 2021

CIRCUIT TRAINING EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE PROPOSED AMENDMENT 2 CHANGES AND THEIR IMPACT ON CIRCUIT PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS

ELEX RETURNS!

AS IN-PERSON TRADE SHOWS ONCE AGAIN OPEN THEIR DOORS, WE PREVIEW ELEX’S FIRST OUTING OF 2021 ALSO IN THIS ISSUE: CAUGHT ON CAMERA ● NEW PRODUCTS ● TECHNICAL INSIGHTS ● CODEBREAKERS AND MORE…

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Total Average Net Distribution: 68,683 Certification period 1 January 2020 - 31 December 2020

September 2021 Volume 37 No.8

Regulars 7

VIEWPOINT

NEWS

A look at some of the key changes affecting circuit protection in Amendment 2

21 LETTERS 38 THE CODEBREAKERS 45 ASK OVIA 46 MADE 2 MEASURE 100 PRODUCTS IN PRACTICE 104 CAPTAIN C-TEC 128 CAUGHT ON CAMERA

News & Views 25 The story of one man’s fight against prostate cancer 31 Is the construction industry heading for a bleak winter?

Special Report 32 Why one company continues to invest in ‘Bright Sparks’ 35 We take a look at the evolution of the Sangamo brand

Technical & Training 41 Insulation resistance testing and SPDs 44 How could requirements for low voltage switchgear selection be affected by Amendment 2? 48 Taking a closer look at some of the important design considerations for distribution trunking 51 Mains power supplies to fire alarm systems – is it more than just another electrical circuit?

Products & Business Solutions 59 How developments in power tool battery technology can meet project demands 60 A look at some of the key potential changes affecting circuit protection in Amendment 2 63 What are the major trends and opportunities around the future of USB charging?

87 Can poor quality test and measurement equipment compromise safety?

69 Giving answers to those common contractor lighting questions

91 Why is a comprehensive fire alarm zone plan design important to installers?

74 Why harmonics are the hidden menace

92 A guide to Twin & Earth cable fixings

77 Learning more about maintaining the integrity of fire rated walls

94 Steve Hewish slips into the latest gear from the Snickers Workwear stable

82 Ross Sands from RS Electrix gives his verdict on the latest addition to the MK range

96 PE’s product review team tries out the PipeTube Pro from Rhino 98 Norman Bradshaw gets his hands on the Builder’s Tea Box

107 Rounding-up the latest products, tools and equipment to help you in your work

54 Does your facility’s electrical system match up to regulatory compliance? 56 Ductwork installations: seven top tips

Anyone for tea?

Prize Draws

One man’s ﬁght against prostate cancer

22 WIN C.K Automatic Cable & Wire Stripper tools are up for grabs

PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN September 2021 3

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@proelectrician

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Meet the team Editor RICHARD BOWLER email: pe@hamerville.co.uk Editorial Assistant PATRICK SWAN email: pswan@hamerville.co.uk Digital Manager REBECCA MCGEOCH email: rmcgeoch@hamerville.co.uk Advertisement Manager ANTHONY SCOTT email: ascott@hamerville.co.uk Assistant Advertisement Manager IAN TURNER Design CREATIVE UNBLOCK Production Assistant KERRI SMITH Group Production Manager CAROL PADGETT Distribution Manager KARL CLARK Managing Editor TERRY SMITH Printed by: WALSTEAD PETERBOROUGH Published by: HAMERVILLE MEDIA GROUP Regal House, Regal Way, Watford, Herts, WD24 4YF Tel: 01923 237799 Fax: 01923 246901 Email: pe@hamerville.co.uk PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN is the business journal for the electrical contracting industry. It is available to the trade at leading electrical wholesalers throughout the UK. © 2021

Subscriptions to PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN are available. Please contact us for rates.

Image References (Adobe Stock): Pg 11 Money pile © Valeri Luzina Pg 28 Stethoscope © Sarote Pg 31 Bleak winter © 1Take1Shot Pg 41 Lightning strike © Sergey Nivens Pg 44 Ticking boxes © Adzcnatasa Pg 45 Selection issues © Auremar Pg 51 Fire alarm © Pixel-Shot Pg 52 Fire safety © SilentAlex88 Pg 69 Lighting questions © Fidaolga Pg 74 Harmonics © Maxim Grebeshkov

pe@hamerville.co.uk

Professional Electrician, Regal House, Regal Way, Watford, Herts, WD24 4YF

Editor’s Viewpoint

Is the electronic avenue a wrong turn? Although the pandemic and various enforced lockdowns (that we hopefully have seen the worst of now) have clearly proliferated the use and understanding of digital products, technologies and mediums, one wonders if we're at somewhat of a tipping point when it comes to the whole digital revolution. When speaking to a friend of mine recently, he mentioned that he was becoming concerned about the amount of time and focus his son was spending on his Kindle, iPad and computer – all items that he'd been using for school or leisure time during lockdown periods – and his lack of appetite to communicate and engage with those around him. Another friend has spoken of his worry about his young son requiring glasses at a very early age after being introduced to a longer period of digital product use throughout the pandemic. Over the last 18 months, for many people the only option has been to do things digitally, with the technology proving its worth emphatically in a time where the world was, literally, closed. What digital technology can never replicate, however, is that human touch – the smell, the feel or the look of something or someone. Where we've all been starved of that capability in recent times, an added appreciation of the ability to go where you like, when you like, and with who you like (within reason) is certainly something that we should all now have. We’re lead to believe that business and footfall will never be the same for the live events sector, high street/local shops, restaurants and pubs, with society now fully indoctrinated in the digital way of life. As convenient as not having to make a trip to the shops, bank or wholesalers can be at times, for some, that time spent outside of their four walls is a solace that no computer or smartphone can ever replace. Furthermore, and this is coming from someone who is more than happy in their own company, there is a fine line that is dangerously close to being crossed in terms of our overall

reliance on digital technologies and society's ability to interact and engage with one another in the future. Personalities, not robots, is what makes life interesting. To put the point into sharper focus, I recently read a blog that shared the following tale of a father and son’s trip to the bank: “Dad, why don't you activate your internet banking?” “Why would I do that?” “Well, you won't have to spend an hour here for things like transfer” “If I do that, I won't have to step foot out of the house” “Yes, yes, even the groceries can be delivered to your door now” “Since I entered this bank today, I've met four of my friends. I've chatted a while with the staff who know me well by now. You know I'm alone – this is the company I need. I like to get ready to come to the bank. I have enough time, it is the physical touch I crave. “Two years ago, I was ill. The store owner from whom I buy fruits came to see me and sat by my bedside. When your mother fell down a few days back while on her morning walk, our local grocer saw her and immediately got his car to rush her home as he knows where I live. Technology isn't life... Spend time with people, not with devices.” The point couldn't be made any more emphatically. If you do, indeed, enjoy spending time with people, you'll have the opportunity to catch up with plenty of your 'kind' later this month as our ELEX and Toolfair shows make their return at the Ricoh Arena, Coventry. You can get more details on pages 16 & 105. In the meantime, we hope you enjoy the bumper 132-page issue and we’ll look forward to seeing some of you in Coventry.

Richard B owler PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN September 2021 7

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news @proelectrician

For the latest electrical news visit www.professional-electrician.com

professionalelectrician

pe@hamerville.co.uk

Professional Electrician, Regal House, Regal Way, Watford, Herts, WD24 4YF

ECA launches CAS pre-qualification manual for members Leading electrotechnical and engineering services body ECA has launched an online manual for small and medium sized member firms (SMEs) to help them meet the requirements of the Common Assessment Standard (CAS). The CAS has been developed by the construction industry to provide one, widely recognised, pre-qualiﬁcation question set for use by a range of buyers such as main contractors and the public sector. The manual contains practical information to help ECA members to complete a CAS questionnaire from any CAS Assessor Body. Paul Reeve, ECA Director of CSR, commented: “With the introduction of data sharing in the CAS earlier this year, some

of the largest construction contractors are now specifying the Common Assessment Standard, and more commercial and public sector buyers are expected to follow in the months ahead. “The new CAS manual will help members to respond to buyers’ requirements to meet the CAS, allowing members to show their capabilities and gain access to more business opportunities”. Paul Williams, ECA Health & Safety Manager, added: “The CAS offers cost and efficiency beneﬁts to both buyers and suppliers, so it should be increasingly attractive to buyers of all kinds. “ECA will continue to work with industry to encourage buyers to accept supplier CAS certiﬁcation from any Recognised

CAS Assessor, rather than needing to obtain multiple pre-qualification certificates from different assessors. “The new manual covers six key areas in the CAS question set and will help members to understand and engage with this increasingly important pre-qualification Standard.” GET MORE DETAILS AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED001

Weekly earnings rise as freelance electricians earn nearly £50k per year Average weekly earnings for self-employed electrical contractors remained well above £1,000 over the summer, according to Hudson Contract’s latest analysis of pay trends in the construction industry. At £1,032 per week, the earnings are 5.2% higher than the same period last year and equivalent to an annual salary

of nearly £50,000. They’ve stayed above £1,000 a week every month since July last year, bar January. Ian Anﬁeld, MD, said: “Electricians are reaping the rewards for gaining a valuable trade that remains in high demand. The sector is still incredibly busy and we don’t see any signs of activity slowing down.”

Development Fund increases number of eligible courses The JIB Skills Development Fund, the charity providing course grants and financial assistance for upskilling in the electrotechnical industry, has increased the number of courses eligible for funding. The Fund distributed £30,000 in course grants in the last funding year and has set about helping even more people with a renewed focus on low carbon technologies.

This year eligibility has been extended further to additional occupations for qualiﬁed electricians in areas that include solar photovoltaics, electric vehicle charging and heat pump installation and maintenance. The charity provides ﬁnancial assistance for skills development and career progression.

GET MORE DETAILS AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED002

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news @proelectrician

For the latest electrical news visit www.professional-electrician.com

professionalelectrician

pe@hamerville.co.uk

Professional Electrician, Regal House, Regal Way, Watford, Herts, WD24 4YF

Poll finds switch to electric vehicles is gathering pace More people are ready to consider switching to electric vehicles ahead of the looming net zero deadline, according to the findings of a recent poll conducted by a Tamworth-based business. The Electric Vehicle Charging Company, part of Able Electric, has been installing electric vehicle charging points since 2018, but the pace is really picking up now as the country drives towards the green revolution. In a recent LinkedIn poll conducted by Director, Jeff Longley (pictured), 75% of people said they would consider an electric vehicle for their next car. Of 190 votes cast, 47% said they would go for an electric vehicle, 28% said hybrid, 13% would opt for petrol and 11% would choose diesel.

The government has confirmed that all new conventional petrol and diesel cars and vans are set to be banned from sale in 2030. New hybrid vehicles will be given until 2035, as long as they can cover a ‘significant distance’ in zero emission mode. Jeff said: “When we started installing car chargers in 2018 it was the odd one a month. Towards the end of 2019 and into early 2020 it became every week. “Throughout lockdown though, installs more or less ceased altogether, but since late 2020 and into 2021 we are achieving 40 installations a month and growing. In four years, the monthly figure has gone up 4,000% and since just before lockdown it has increased 1,000% or by a factor of ten."

He continued: “This number is rising all the time now and we're carrying out new installations daily, including lots of commercial installs driven by the favourable BIK rates. “The quick poll I conducted on Linkedin further demonstrate that more people are considering the switch the closer we get to the net zero deadline and in light of more Clean Air Zones being introduced in major cities, such as Birmingham. “The poll showed that some anxiety remains around distances electric vehicles can travel, but availability of charge points, and the range of the vehicles themselves, is improving all the time.”

Aico hits the road as training units return enabling the delivery of the company's Expert Installer training. Aico staff have strictly followed Covid-19 guidelines in order for customers to use the mobile units safely. They will be visiting various locations across the UK on a regular basis where RSM’s will deliver training to contractors and students.

Following a 16-month break, Aico’s state-of-the-art mobile training and demonstration units are back out on the road. Since acquiring its ﬁrst mobile unit in 2017, Aico has expanded the ﬂeet to four, covering the length and breadth of the UK. Each of the units are fully equipped for hands-on training, providing customers with a complete overview of Aico’s products and technologies and

LEARN MORE ABOUT BOOKING A VISIT AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED003

Electricians to Focus on new opportunities The Focus Training Group is a training provider that specialises in electrical CPD courses and apprenticeships. With training centres in Redruth, Plymouth, Newton Abbot, Exeter and Bristol, The Focus Training Group aims to help the electrical industry to maintain a motivated, educated workforce.

Electricians are renowned for their appetite to improve their knowledge and skills, so The Focus Training Group offers a portfolio of CPD courses including: IET Wiring Regulations, Inspection-Testing and Veriﬁcation, Design, Appliance Testing, Electric Vehicle Charging, Solar Photovoltaic and Highway Electrical.

GET MORE COURSE BOOKING DETAILS AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED004

12 September 2021

PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

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news

For the latest electrical news visit www.professional-electrician.com

Funding available for industry Level 3 qualifications The Electrotechnical Skills Partnership (TESP) is urging adults without a Level 3 qualification to take advantage of the current funding available for industry-recognised qualifications while it remains available. Under the government’s ‘Lifetime Skills Guarantee’ any adult aged 19 or over in England, who doesn't already have a Level 3 qualification, can receive free training from hundreds of colleges and training providers across the country. The Level 3 NVQ Diploma in Installing Electrotechnical Systems and Equipment (Buildings, Structures and the Environment), is included in the list of funded qualifications. This qualification assesses work-based performance and leads to recognition as a qualified electrician, as an alternative route to the apprenticeship or experienced worker assessment. Funding is also available for the Level 3 Advanced Technical Diploma in Electrical Installation. This is a key stepping stone on the industry approved training routes, for those who wish to

continue to develop their technical knowledge before gaining work experience. Those who complete the technical diploma must then gain work-based experience and complete the NVQ and the AM2 assessment to be recognised as a qualified electrician. With both courses normally costing thousands of pounds to complete, the funding available will provide essential support to those looking to train or upskill to become a qualified electrician in line with the TESP approved training routes. GET MORE DETAILS AND GUIDANCE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED005

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@proelectrician

professionalelectrician

pe@hamerville.co.uk

Professional Electrician, Regal House, Regal Way, Watford, Herts, WD24 4YF

ICT Electrical Operative training course launched NAPIT Training, in partnership with GNC Electrics, has developed the UK’s ﬁrst Information Communication Technology (ICT) Electrical Operative Course aimed at those working within server rooms in an office, business server room or data centre. The training course will provide candidates with an in-depth knowledge of how to complete electrical safety inspections on CIS cabinets and racking, and how to interpret and implement the relevant safety standards. In previous years, IT and Network Technicians have had little support and representation for electrical conformance and safety. Now that this area has been recognised by The IET and The British Standards in the guidance of the: IET 5th Edition ‘In-Service inspection and testing of electrical equipment (2020) - Annex 7 and BS 7671:2018, GNC Technology and NAPIT Training are delighted to be working together to provide this course and qualify those who are wishing to become qualified

Portable Appliance Testers (PAT) including: CIS Engineers/ Technicians, Qualified Electricians and Portable Appliance Testers (PAT) who wish to add Fixed Appliance Testing (FAT) to their skillset, or anyone with a suitable electrical/IT background holding a Level 3 qualification who wishes to train to become a CIS cabinet/rack inspector and tester. GET MORE DETAILS ABOUT THE COURSE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED006

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news @proelectrician

For the latest electrical news visit www.professional-electrician.com

professionalelectrician

pe@hamerville.co.uk

Professional Electrician, Regal House, Regal Way, Watford, Herts, WD24 4YF

Trade events back on the agenda as ELEX returns Following the lifting of the national COVID restrictions, ELEX is set to return this month for the show's ﬁrst outing since March 2020. If you're yet to make the effort to attend our ELEX show, the UK's premier regional exhibition dedicated solely to the electrical trade, a visit should certainly be at the top of your agenda. Featuring hundreds of the industry's top names and brands – from parts and equipment suppliers to solutions providers and technical experts – the two-day events are a 'must' for those electricians that are serious about investing in their business, and themselves.

So why attend? As the world of electrical contracting continues to develop at pace, it's essential that professionals keep up-to-date with the latest parts, equipment and regulations that will ensure they're ahead of the game. ELEX offers you an unparalleled opportunity to talk to key suppliers and experts face-to-face, witness demonstrations on the latest innovations and take advantage of fantastic 'show only' offers and bargains. Furthermore, that all important technical information and CPD is available on tap. Featuring a comprehensive seminar programme, covering topics such as technical regulations and new business ideas, ELEX provides delegates with the chance to glean valuable information from some of the industry's most respected authorities and organisations. You'll also get the chance to participate in a bit of healthy debate and network

with like-minded professionals. We'll even furnish you with a bacon roll and special edition t-shirt for your time. And the cost to you? You couldn't put a price on the amount of expertise and promotions on offer, but the good news for electrical professionals is that ELEX is completely FREE to attend. All relevant COVID protocols will be adhered to and, should restrictions change closer to the date, ELEX will keep visitors up-to-date and informed. The show returns with a visit to the Ricoh Arena on September 16/17, with more regional venues and dates to follow.

NAPIT EXPO hits the road NAPIT has officially released the rescheduled dates and locations for the NAPIT EXPO Technical Roadshow 2021/22. The Roadshow is a networking and CPD event for like-minded people in the industry, open to both members and non-members free of charge. On the day of the events support will be available including on-site technical, training and membership advice. The schedule of dates and locations is as follows: PRESTON 1st September, DURHAM 2nd September, HULL 5th October, COVENTRY 6th October, BRACKNELL 27th October, SWANSEA

16 September 2021

28th October, DARTFORD 10th November, NORWICH 11th November, MILTON KEYNES 1st December, CHESTERFIELD 2nd December, CORNWALL 9th February 2022, EXETER 10th February 2022, ROMFORD 9th March 2022, and BRIGHTON 10th March 2022. Supporting partners for the events include: NAPIT Trade Association, NAPIT Insurance, Megger, EPSON, Hager, Scolmore, Surge Protection Devices, GARO, CHINT, AICO, DEHN, eSales Hub, BASEC and TradePoint.

PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

Mike Andrews, NAPIT’s Group Chief Executive, commented: “We're looking forward to re-opening the doors to our NAPIT EXPO Technical Roadshow and meeting our members face-to-face again. “It has been a tough year, so getting out to network with like-minded industry professionals will be a welcome change.” As always, the Technical Roadshows are FREE to attend for both NAPIT members and non-members. All visitors will receive a digital CPD certiﬁcate of attendance.

BOOK YOUR FREE TICKET AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED008

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@proelectrician

professionalelectrician

pe@hamerville.co.uk

Professional Electrician, Regal House, Regal Way, Watford, Herts, WD24 4YF

Letters

PE readers share their thoughts on the big industry-related issues.

The talented Mr. Sheen Dear PE, I was recently sorting out some boxes at my parents' house and managed to discover this little blast from the past (see images). It's scary to think that this was first given to me 13 years ago on my first day of college as an apprentice electrician with WMQ Building Services, who I still work for to this day. Flicking through it all certainly brought back some very good memories. Best regards, Mark Sheen WMQ Building Services

Has the horse already bolted? Dear PE, I read with interest your last issue which featured details of the reforms that CPS providers are implementing with regards new scheme entrants. From a personal perspective, as much as I'm in favour of no longer allowing those

who have undertaken short form courses to join directly, it all feels a bit late in the day. Over time the trade has become flooded with substandard electricians, with the 'genuine' sparks forced to compete with them for far too many years now.

I'm pleased that I'll be retiring soon as I foresee a serious skills shortage arising in the near future, regardless of the recent change of policy. Best regards, Name and address supplied

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PRIZE DRAW @proelectrician

professionalelectrician

pe@hamerville.co.uk

Letters PE readers share their thoughts on the big industry-related issues.

Cost should never be the primary consideration Dear PE, Having read the recent letter that you published from Brian Bunce, regarding other electricians' quotes for a consumer unit change, I felt compelled to reply. As a member of the NICEIC, the organisation states that a visual inspection and a test of the installation should be carried out prior to any consumer unit change and any defects or non compliances of the installation should be reported to the prospective client. In reality this doesn't happen, as who is going to spend up to half a day doing this (dependent on the property or installation size) as unpaid labour when you've simply gone there to give the customer a price to change the consumer unit? You are then competing with the more spurious/unregistered electricians who will likely go in and give a price regardless, yet are unlikely to perform any of the important tests and checks required beforehand. Following a visual inspection (checking that the earth bonding is up to the required level, that the meter size cabling is correct and electrical ﬁttings in bathrooms or en-suites are satisfactory), I provide a written quote and always explain to the customer that it is all subject to the installation testing out to the required standard of BS7671. I then explain that any defects that come to light during the consumer unit change will need to be remedied at an extra cost, until a satisfactory EIC can be issued. Sometimes this can scare off a potential customer, but I always stress that if they get another quote from a suitably qualiﬁed registered electrician, that individual will tell them the exact same thing. Some people will always be governed by cost and that is their choice. After all, you only die once!

W IN

WIN A C.K AUTOMATIC CABLE & WIRE STRIPPER

There are four up for grabs this month!

tripping cables has never been easier thanks to the C.K Cable and Wire Stripping Tools, which combine fantastic features and beneﬁts that offer fast, effortless and precise solutions, whatever the job. The range is manufactured in Germany to the highest standards for safety and long-life performance, offering some great choices:

C.K Automatic Cable & Wire Stripper (T1260) (available to win in this competition): Designed for stripping ﬂat cables up to 12mm in width, this cable and wire stripper quickly removes both the external sheathing and internal conductor insulation. C.K Automatic Wire Stripper (T1261): Ideal for stripping solid and stranded wires from 0.2 – 6.0mm² (24-10 AWG) these clever wire strippers provide automatic wire size adjustment for convenience. C.K Universal Cable Stripper (T1270): Provides razor sharp, pre-set stripping blades for fast, precise and damage-free stripping of all common round cables with 8-15mmØ. C.K Coax Cable Stripper (T1271): Features razor sharp pre-set stripping blades for fast, precise and damage-free stripping of all common coaxial cables. C.K Cable Stripper (T1280): The blade repositions for cutting both around and along cable sheathing while an adjustable cutting depth prevents damage to the inner conductor.

HOW TO ENTER

ENTER THE FREE PRIZE DRAW TO WIN A C.K AUTOMATIC CABLE & WIRE STRIPPER BY FILLING OUT THE CONTACT FORM AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED009

Best regards, Cliff Hammans C A H Electrical

Deadline for entries: 10/10/2021. Usual T&Cs apply. 22 September 2021

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COMMENT

MY CANCER STORY Paul Skyrme, a founding member of the e5 Group and respected long-time industry professional, shares the story of his fight against prostate cancer and explains why you should get yourself checked if you're in any doubt.

o, what made me originally go for the diagnosis? I’d been slowing down for a few years, but simply put it down to the fact that I'd changed roles over time; I’d gone from undertaking installation work and repairs to more consultancy-focused jobs and, as I was doing less physical work, my ﬁtness was deteriorating. I also put some of it down to age. At the end of August last year the pain was the straw that eventually broke the camel's back. I had a pain down my sternum and across my chest as well as in my back, between the shoulder blades. That, combined with getting up every night for a toilet stop (which I thought was just down to having too many beers) eventually drove me to visit the doctor. After speaking to the GP on the phone, I was told I could be seen that day ( just as lockdown was back in full swing). Because the paracetamol, Ibuprofen and pain relief gel seemed to be helping, the GP, understandably, thought that the problem

could possibly be muscular. I thought it was more posture-related, having spent years hunched over a laptop. The GP put me through me a good examination and gave me some strong painkillers: “Try these for a week and if you don’t get any better, I want you back here”. I contacted the GP about a week later and explained that the pain had not subsided. Other issues emerging As I’d also been suffering some problems with ED (erectile dysfunction), I’d asked the doctor for some blue pills. She agreed, as long as I had a blood test undertaken. So I did. Two days later the GP rang back and told me I needed another blood test undertaken immediately and, once this had been done, it was requested that I come in for an examination (which is not as bad as it's made out to be, by the way). It was conﬁrmed that I had an enlarged prostate and the hospital would be in touch in due course. Towards the end of September I

received a phone call from the urologist. He confirmed that I had advanced prostate cancer. That bus hit me hard! Dealing with the pain Things happened quickly after that. I had X-rays, MRI scans and an isotope bone scan, which shows bone density. The results of the isotope scan were very clear: I had a lot of cancer through my whole skeleton. I was already on long dose morphine twice a day, at home, as well as short dose Oramoprh plus a few other painkillers to help with both the inflammation and pain. This wasn’t helping though and the pain was horrendous. A quick appointment with the urologist for treatment soon followed and I was examined for the second time (to confirm the diagnosis). It was then decided that I would begin hormone treatment.

“THE UROLOGIST CONFIRMED THAT I HAD ADVANCED PROSTATE CANCER. THAT BUS HIT ME HARD!” PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN September 2021 25

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COMMENT

“50%” chance of survival, or b) undertake radiotherapy, which would offer me a “50%” chance of walking again, but “100%” chance of survival. My mind was made up early on, and after consulting with Yvonne, it was decided that I'd have radiotherapy. I had one dose of radiotherapy the following day on the tumour that was crushing my spinal cord. Eventually, after several weeks, the pain started to reduce and so the amount of drugs I was taking to control the pain gradually lessened over the next three months. During that time I was able to come off all of the really strong medication. By the time I arrived home in March, it was only paracetamol that I needed to control the pain – quite amazing when you consider the state I'd been in a few months prior. The physiotherapists in the hospitals I’d been in were fantastic. I had five physio days per week and they worked me hard, within the confines of my pain and the deterioration in my fitness that had occurred when I was totally paralysed.

The reality of the situation is that the cancer had spread so far, it was now incurable. Radiotherapy or chemotherapy was no longer an option as I would need to undertake so much that the rest of my body wouldn’t be able to cope with it. The only route available to me was hormone treatment. This starves the cancer of testosterone (which prostate cancer feeds on) and hopefully stops it from growing and spreading. The problems continue At the beginning of November I had some issues with my bowels and was still in a lot of pain. After being examined by the GP, I contacted the urology department and was admitted for more tests but nothing too untoward was found, aside from some ﬂuid appearing around my spinal column. The experts attributed this to the unusual feelings I’d been having and the pain I’d been in, not to mention the deterioration in my walking, so they gave me a body brace (to help my posture) and sent me home with some painkillers and orders to keep an eye on everything. Over the next little while the pain became unbearable – the worst I've experienced in my life. As my issues are in the core of my body, there was no position I could put myself in that would make it go away. As a result, I wasn't sleeping. My wife, Yvonne, was helping me to move around at this point, but we both clung to the hope that the hormone treatment would improve things. Yvonne has been fantastic throughout this. The way she coped with it all when I was in hospital on my own and not allowed to see visitors, and sleeping on the sofa because we're not able to sleep in the same bed together. She's been amazing. Towards the end of November I got up, as usual, to visit the toilet in the night and suddenly found that I couldn't use my right leg, and was unable to walk. I was already using a walking frame, so dragged myself up with that and managed to get to the toilet. When I was ﬁnished, I couldn't walk at all or get myself up. I went back to bed, but couldn’t settle, so a couple of hours later Yvonne helped me up and into a chair in the living room. I dozed there for a few hours but, come

26 September 2021

breakfast time, the pain was so bad that I couldn’t cope, nor stand any longer at all – even with the help of the frame. At this point I thought I was either dying or in need of hospital attention immediately, so Yvonne called an ambulance. I was terriﬁed. As the ambulance doors closed and I was looking at my wife, I remember thinking: “I hope that’s not the last time I see her.” A long stay in hospital After some more tests in hospital, I was put into a bed in an isolation room. I was worried I may have come into contact with someone suffering from COVID and, soon after, I found out I was COVID positive. After another round of tests the problem was eventually identiﬁed as metastic cord compression. This is where the cancer that had spread through my bones had turned into a tumourous growth which protruded from the vertebrae (T2) and impinged my spinal cord. At this stage I was offered two choices: a) have surgery, which would give me a “100%” chance of walking again, but a

PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

Living with prostate cancer I was assigned a community physiotherapist, Rob, who came to my house to start working with me and has been absolutely superb. He's even taught me to walk again using a walking aid. I feel like I'm getting better slowly. Movement is gradually coming back and I can now walk almost as well as I did before the original incident at the end of last year. I'll manage about 20 steps with the frame but then I need to rest for a while. We're currently waiting for a wet room to be installed at home, which will be a great help. The whole saga has, however, been awful ﬁnancially and if it wasn't for the generosity of the electrical industry and close friends, we'd be in a sticky situation. What the future holds As I build my strength and stamina back up, my focus is shifting from walking again to the actual cancer, and that's the crux of it. Some people say you can live with cancer, but I know this is going to kill me and probably sooner than my time. I was given a prognosis of maybe three years and the way I look at it is this: I can

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“I WANT TO SEE MY FAMILY AND GRANDCHILDREN GROW UP” either curl up in a ball on my bed and give up, or fight to get better. I have a greater chance of battling this cancer by staying fit and exercising. I can’t just muddle on, and still have probably another three stone to lose. I have two daughters, only one of whom is married, a son, and one grandchild. I want to walk my other daughter down the aisle and also see my son get married one day. I want to see my grandchildren grow up. Don't ignore the symptoms My advice to others is not to make the same mistake I did and put every ache and pain down to the fact you wrecked your body with work. Don't think you're invincible. Go to the doctor and get yourself checked if you're in any doubt. The options for men with prostate cancer aren't pleasant. If it’s caught early enough, radio- or chemotherapy can help to kill it off. The next stage of treatment can mean prostate removal, which can cause a lot of complications, while the final stage is a potentially incurable state, much like my own situation. All of the pain, the drugs (and their side effects) and problems can be largely put down to the fact I was too macho (or stupid, as Yvonne prefers) to go to the doctor originally and I didn’t think there was anything wrong with me because I’m a 'bloke'. That bravado has ultimately proved lethal. We need to look out for one another in our work places. If you think your mate or work colleague is going to the toilet too often or complaining about aches and pains, talk about it with them. It may just help to save a life. CHECK YOUR PROSTATE CANCER RISK IN 30 SECONDS AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED010

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COMMENT

KNOW YOUR

RISk! P

rostate Cancer UK is the UK’s leading prostate cancer charity, carrying out vital research and providing support for those with prostate cancer, as well as spreading much needed awareness about the disease. The charity has provided factual information about the symptoms to look out for, which individuals may be at risk, and the support on offer for those affected.

Who’s at risk? There are three main risk factors that can contribute towards prostate cancer, and these are things you can't change or doing anything about. The risk factors are:

1 2 3

GETTING OLDER – PROSTATE CANCER MAINLY AFFECTS MEN AGED 50 OR OVER A PREVIOUS FAMILY HISTORY OF PROSTATE CANCER

BEING A BLACK MAN

If you have any of these risk factors or experience any symptoms, speak to your GP. They'll talk to you about your risk, and about the tests that are used to diagnose prostate cancer. Understand the symptoms You’ll usually only get early symptoms if the cancer grows near the tube you urinate through (the urethra) and presses against it, changing the way you urinate.

28 September 2021

Prostate Cancer UK is a registered charity in England and Wales (1005541) and in Scotland (SC039332). Registered company 02653887.

If you do notice changes in the way you urinate, this is more likely to be a sign of a very common non-cancerous problem called an enlarged prostate, or another health problem. But it’s still a good idea to get it checked out. Possible changes include: ● Difficulty starting to urinate or emptying your bladder ● A weak ﬂow when you urinate ● A feeling that your bladder hasn’t emptied properly ● Dribbling urine after you ﬁnish urinating ● Needing to urinate more often than usual, especially at night ● A sudden need to urinate – you may sometimes leak urine before you get to the toilet.

If prostate cancer breaks out of the prostate (locally advanced prostate cancer) or spreads to other parts of the body (advanced prostate cancer), it can cause other symptoms, including: ● ● ● ●

Back pain, hip pain or pelvis pain Problems getting or keeping an erection Blood in the urine or semen Unexplained weight loss.

These symptoms can all be caused by other health problems, but it’s still a good idea to tell your GP about any symptoms so they can ﬁnd out what’s causing them and make sure you get the right treatment, if you need it. LEARN MORE ABOUT THE FIGHT AGAINST PROSTATE CANCER AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED011

PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

JOIN THE FIGHT Prostate Cancer UK organises a number of fantastic events to raise awareness and funding throughout the year including half-marathons, sponsored walks and cycling events to name just a few. TO FIND AN EVENT NEAR YOU, VISIT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED012

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COMMENT

IS A

HARSH WINTER COMING?

As the world begins to return to some normality following the easing of COVID restrictions, Actuate UK explains why the fallout could lead to a harsh winter for the construction industry.

he lifting of COVID restrictions has been greeted with much excitement, with the buzz of freedom and foreign holidays ﬁlling the headlines for the past few weeks. Yet construction experts claim COVID continues to cast a dark shadow on their industry – and say the knock-on effects of the pandemic will continue to be felt long after the initial summer celebrations are over. Construction output remains above its February 2020 level, despite a 0.8% fall in May, however, there are still many risks currently faced by the industry, including the twin perils of a skills shortage and long COVID. They could both have a devastating impact on a volatile industry this winter. Follow the guidance That's why we're warning the sector to be vigilant and follow good practice guidance, developed over the last year, to prevent long lasting impacts on businesses. The demand for construction projects has shown little sign of slowing. Construction was one of the few industries which continued operating during lockdowns, due to its importance in building and maintaining infrastructure of national importance.

New data from a YouGov survey raises questions about the ability of the UK construction sector to return to pre-pandemic activity levels, so businesses and government should start planning NOW to avoid winter disruption. According to the poll, in the year up to May 2021, across all members of staff, small to medium-sized construction ﬁrms each lost an average of 29 days every month from staff absent from work. This ﬁgure excluded people on furlough and we believe the situation will only get worse as businesses go under or are forced to operate on much-reduced capacity. Moreover, key projects may be delayed or come to a costly halt. As the restrictions have eased, the industry needs to strike a balance when considering the health of its workers and the need to move the economy forward. The survey gives us grave concern about the long-term effects of COVID on our industry. Building services are the lifeblood of all major construction projects, with heating, lighting, ventilation and digital infrastructure essential to successful project delivery. Yet we continue to hear from members that there are simply not enough skilled installers to meet current demand. With fewer apprentices being recruited during the pandemic, this has

exacerbated the issue and we're deeply concerned this will impact on government targets and future projects. The government is currently looking at construction to lead the post-pandemic recovery, funding new infrastructure projects such as the New Hospitals Programme in England and the electrification of the UK’s road and rail networks. However, with a significantly reduced workforce, it won’t be possible to keep pace with demand – and key projects could suffer as a result. A long way to go The spectre of long COVID throws another shadow on the horizon, with recent figures from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) showing that 385,000 people in the UK have lived with symptoms for a year or more. While life may return to ‘the new normal’ for many in the coming weeks and months, for others the long-term impact of the pandemic will remain a very real barrier to work. The knock-on consequences of this and the skills shortage could be all too real for individuals, businesses and the economic recovery itself, so it’s vital that we factor in contingency plans and take steps to protect our workforce.

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SPECIAL REPORT

Supporting the Bright Sparks of the future We learn more about the flourishing partnership between CKI and Leicester College, and find out why many more 'Bright Sparks' are set to benefit in the long term.

arl Kammerling International remains fully committed to supporting the next generation of professional electricians, and was delighted to receive a ‘Business Recognition 2021’ award for its work with Leicester College. The ‘Bright Sparks by CKI’ college sponsorship scheme began in 2003, and has provided Leicester College with quality hand tools and training resources to help students develop their skills. This year, exciting new elements will be added to the scheme to allow students to beneﬁt even more during their studies.

About the scheme Since the ‘Bright Sparks by CKI’ scheme began in 2003, Carl Kammerling International has supported over 50,000 apprentice electricians and now provides sixty colleges across the UK and Ireland with free professional standard C.K tools for use in their workshops. The initiative continues to ﬂourish and supports the continued development of students whose aim is to become the best professional electricians within the industry, while also providing and promoting the importance of the use of professional standard hand tools. A tutor’s insight Neil McManus, Construction T Level Programme Area Manager at Leicester College, commented: “The Bright Sparks scheme helps to support students by providing them with C.K industrial standard tools made of high quality materials to use in our workshops. "This makes learning new practical skills

32 September 2021

easier to achieve, and enables the College to support and sponsor students with tools for use on-site or into employment. The scheme also builds student confidence to carry out electrical skills by using first class tools. They look professional and the insulated tools keep students safe on-site. “Access to the Productwise website at Carl Kammerling International supports learners with knowledge, which hopefully helps them to attain high grades in their final exams. The website also supports CPD for staff and students and provides certificates of achievement for students to use when applying for work.” What’s new? This year Bright Sparks by CKI is set to be further enhanced, to enable students to get the most out of the scheme. There will be a strong focus on educational aspects, which will continue to provide C.K hand tools for practical lessons, with the

PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

addition of knowledge designed to support theory-based lessons. A series of educational posters will be available, as well as full access to Productwise, a great online learning resource packed full of useful information. Staying connected will become an integral part of the scheme, bringing together a community of colleges using social media to highlight student progress and news of special events. Next year will see Carl Kammerling International celebrate its 20th year in partnership with Leicester College, and both organisations are looking forward to continuing that successful relationship to help support the professional electricians of the future. GET MORE DETAILS ABOUT THE CKI BRIGHT SPARKS SCHEME AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED013

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SPECIAL REPORT

CELEBRATING THE

CENTURIONS

As Sangamo celebrates reaching a major milestone, we look at how the company has evolved and developed over the last century.

t was acquired as a new business by Scolmore Group in 2018 and added to the ESP product portfolio, but Sangamo’s origins actually date back 100 years. A specialist supplier of time switches and heating controls, the brand has built up an excellent reputation and an extensive product range over the years. History in the making The company was founded in 1921 under the name British Sangamo as the UK subsidiary of the Sangamo Electric Co. of Springﬁeld, Illinois, USA. From its site in Ponders End, Middlesex, the company initially manufactured kilowatt hour meters, later expanding its activities to include industrial time switches. By the end of 1929 British Sangamo had outgrown the building at Ponders End and moved into new premises on the Cambridge Arterial Road, just outside Enﬁeld.

In 1936 Sangamo acquired the British Weston Electrical Instrument Co. of Surbiton, Surrey. This company was the United Kingdom subsidiary of the Weston Electrical Instrument Corporation, of Newark, New Jersey, USA, a company founded by Dr Weston, a pioneer in the ﬁeld of electrical measurements, and recognised as one of the world’s leading manufacturers of electrical measuring and associated equipment. The two companies were combined to form Sangamo Weston, which designed and manufactured a wide range of electrical measuring and control equipment. Sangamo Weston became associated with products for the aviation industry and, as a result, devoted its entire resources during the Second World War to the production of measuring instruments, indicators and associated ancillary equipment for use on aircrafts.

After WWII, resources were put back into the original product lines, but they continued to design and manufacture aircraft measuring instruments, indicators, measuring systems and associated equipment for customers all over the world. In 1950 the Port Glasgow factory and offices were officially opened, and it is from this site that the company continues to operate today. This location just outside Glasgow gives Scolmore the perfect manufacturing base and regional office to service customers all over Scotland and the north of England. Standing the test of time For over 70 years, Sangamo has been manufacturing its famous Round Pattern Time Switches to the same high standard

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SPECIAL REPORT

that was ﬁrst achieved back in the 1950s. With over 11 million units sold to date, the installation of a Sangamo RPTS used to be a regular job for many electricians. Despite the electro-mechanical time switches being less common today, the company still reports sales of thousands of units each year, both as replacements and as brand new installations. Evolving product range We're living in a time of rapid technological development, with smart homes and the internet of things dominating the sector. With the speed of this change and the huge number of smart devices and products being developed, it can be a challenge for electrical professionals to keep up-to-date with the latest new products and trends. ESP has continued to invest in the Sangamo range of heating controls and time switches to ensure they harness the latest technologies. Bluetooth-compatible timers were recently added to the Sangamo DIN Rail Time Switch collection. The range is designed to offer convenience and versatility as well as broadening the product category reach to a wider market, where it will help manage costs in residential, commercial and industrial applications. It uses Bluetooth technology to programme the timer and is compatible with Android and IOS, with applications that include lighting, security, heating, ventilation, irrigation and horticulture. The current Sangamo DIN rail time switches use Near Field Communication (NFC) to programme the timer from an Android device. As more and more households are

36 September 2021

seeing the beneﬁt of smart devices to control various elements in the home, so the demand for smart controls that can help with energy saving is on the increase. The introduction of a Wi-Fi thermostat to the Sangamo range offers installers the opportunity to easily add a smart control function to their customers’ home heating. The Choice Wi-Fi Thermostat allows users to control and monitor the room temperature and thermostat activity from anywhere in the world, through the free to download Sangamo Choice App. A boost for timers and heating controls ESP made a signiﬁcant investment earlier this year to develop the Sangamo range of timers and heating controls. The new range has been totally revamped and showcases brand new products, as well as enhancements and improvements to existing products, introducing some key features that are designed to boost the products’ energy saving properties.

DID YOU KNOW? One former Sangamo employee went on to have a lucrative career as a singer, musician, actor and philanthropist. Sir Cliff Richard, OBE, worked at the Sangamo Enﬁeld site in his pre-record contract days.

PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

With energy efficiency top of the agenda for the economy, businesses and householders alike, a key aim of the revamp was to introduce features that will assist with efficiency and performance and that will ultimately drive down energy usage and costs. The new-look Sangamo range can be broken down into four main product categories: Timer Controllers, Thermostats, Programmable Thermostats and Programmers – with a total of 15 products making up the comprehensive collection. 50 years’ service for golden girl, Helen It is testimony to Sangamo’s business ethos that a number of employees have spent their entire working lives with the company. Retiring earlier this year after 50 years’ service is Helen Pettigrew who joined the company straight from school in 1971, aged 15. She started work on the Sangamo production line, where she had a vital part to play in the production and assembly of Sangamo’s RPTS. When interviewed for the local newspaper at the time of her retirement, Helen commented: “I could never have imagined when I came here for my interview back in 1971, that I would be happily working for the same company, on the same production line, with some of the same close friends 50 years later. “I've enjoyed every single day working here and would describe us as one big happy family.”

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THE

CODEBREAKERS MATT SPENCER: I FOUND THIS LITTLE TREAT UNDER THE BOILER WHEN CARRYING OUT AN EICR RECENTLY!

Although it is not uncommon to see accessories blocked in by all manner of obstacles, we all need to be aware that all terminals and equipment need to be accessible for inspection and testing, operation, and maintenance (Regulation 132.12). An exception to this in some scenarios is where termination of a conductor is a maintenance-free type, adequately contained and enclosed (526.3).

Maintenance-free terminations will have an ‘MF’ symbol on them, denoting they can be concealed. There are other instances where terminations can be concealed, but they wouldn’t generally be used in this scenario. There is no way of knowing what came first here – the boiler or the electrical accessories. It could be that the boiler has been replaced and now

GET THE BOOK AND CRACK THOSE CODES!

covers the accessories, or there wasn’t proper communication between the electrician and the heating engineer. In any case, we need to look at the issues we have and the infringements they may encroach on, such as: ● Limited or no access to isolate or operate switches (132.12) ● Possible burn or scald hazard associated with operating

Updated for BS 7671:2018, NAPIT’s EICR Codebreakers publication is purpose-written to aid contractors, inspectors and clients, and now includes updates to align with the 18th Edition of the wiring regulations. A 2018 Professional Electrician & Installer ‘Top Product’ award winner, the book is the perfect technical aid for electrical professionals and their customers.

38 September 2021 PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

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Need help with cracking those all-important EICR codes? Every month the technical team at NAPIT will be studying your latest ‘Caught on Camera’ photos and offering advice on the next steps, should you find a similar installation. If you want the team at NAPIT to help crack your codes then send your pictures through to us at: pe@hamerville.co.uk

accessories, if pipes are hot (132.5.1,132.12) ● Possible access issues replacing fuses (132.12) ● No access to remove accessories to inspect, test, replace or maintain (132.12, 526.3) Although more aimed at larger equipment types, Regulation 132.15.202 requires that every fixed electric motor be fitted with a means of isolation, which is readily accessible and easily operated, to prevent danger. Understandably the fan isolator in the photo isn’t likely to be a high current using device, but it is a current using item nonetheless and incorporates a fixed electric motor.

“THE BIGGEST DILEMMA FOR THE INSPECTOR IS EVALUATING THE RISK FROM, AND PERCEIVED DANGER. THE INSTALLATION AND ITS USE NEED TO BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT.” In this case, it’s unlikely that the fan isolator switch can be operated at all, let alone be readily accessible. The biggest dilemma for the inspector is evaluating the risk from, and perceived danger. The installation and its use (and user(s)) need to be taken account of before any coding takes place. In general, I wouldn’t see these as being high risk, as isolation for a fault can be taken care of by the incoming

main switch, so no more than a C3. That said, a C3 can sit untouched for years. In some circumstances, such as the rental sector, the safety of the tenant is paramount, and the landlord has a duty of care to ensure this. So, I’m going to code these issues as if they're for a Private Rental Sector (PRS) property EICR, bearing in mind that the installation is likely to be used by an ordinary person without any electrical knowledge or understanding.

The 18th Edition Codebreakers publication is priced at £17.99* (members) or £19.99* (non-members). Hard copies and digital issues are available. * Prices exclude VAT, postage and packaging

ORDER YOUR COPY OF NAPIT CODEBREAKERS BY VISITING: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED014

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TECHNICAL & TRAINING

INSULATION RESISTANCE TESTING AND SPDS This article from the NICEIC & ELECSA provides a brief summary of the types of surge protective device likely to be present in an electrical installation and looks at how to carry out electrical testing without causing damage to them.

ith the exception of low-rise domestic premises such as houses and bungalows, the use of surge protective devices (SPDs) is becoming more common in electrical installations. In more complex installations, a number of SPDs of differing types may be installed within a single premises. Their presence must be taken into account when carrying out testing during both initial and periodic veriﬁcation. What is a surge protective device? An SPD is a device designed to limit the effects from transient overvoltage caused by lightning or switching by diverting any

associated surge current to Earth, thereby limiting the overvoltage to a level insufficient to cause damage to an electrical installation or equipment installed therein. Under normal operating voltages, the impedance of the SPD components is so high that the device ‘sees’ it as an open circuit. However, when a transient voltage in excess of the continuous operating voltage (Uc) of the SPD appears between live conductors and earth (CT1) or between line conductors and neutral or between neutral and earth (CT2), the part of the SPD subject to the transient voltage will start to conduct,

쑮 Fig 1. Single phase SPD

limiting the voltage to which the installation downstream is exposed. Appendix 16 of BS 7671 provides examples of how SPDs may be installed in an installation. Why is care required when testing an installation containing SPDs? Insulation resistance should be measured between live conductors and between live conductors and the protective conductor connected to the earthing arrangement. During such

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TECHNICAL & TRAINING

testing, line and neutral conductors may be connected together (643.3.1). For circuits, other than SELV and PELV circuits, of nominal voltage less than or equal to 500 V such testing should generally be performed with an applied voltage of 500 V DC (643.3.2 & Table 64). This applied test voltage is in excess of the maximum continuous operating voltage (Uc) of an SPD (see Table 534.2 of BS 7671); as a result the SPD will start to conduct as described earlier in this article. It is unlikely that an insulation resistance test will cause damage to an SPD. The 500 V DC test voltage is relatively small in comparison to the voltages to which it is likely to be exposed in the event of an overvoltage, the test current is small (circa 1 mA), and the test is of short duration. However, the internal circuitry and the cross-connection between conductors caused by the SPD’s operation will most certainly affect the results obtained during testing, making them worthless for verification purposes. How should insulation resistance testing be carried out when SPDs are present? Prior to testing, SPDs should be inspected to confirm that they are operational (usually via some kind of visual indication window). Typically when this window shows green the device is operational whereas when this shows red the device or components will need replacing. Regulation 643.3.2 permits the following actions when items of equipment such as SPDs are likely to influence the results of an insulation resistance test or may suffer damage as a result of an applied test voltage of 500 V DC: ● Wherever possible the equipment should be disconnected prior to carrying out the test. In many cases, this is a practical option as the SPD will be installed in parallel and a means of isolation should have been provided to facilitate inspection and replacement of either component parts or the device. This is not such a practical proposition where an installation contains multiple SPDs incorporated into socket-outlets, for example. Once testing is complete it

“IT IS INCREASINGLY LIKELY THAT AN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION WILL CONTAIN ONE OR MORE SURGE PROTECTIVE DEVICE.” is essential that all disconnected SPDs are re-connected. ● Where it is not reasonably practicable to disconnect the equipment the test may be performed at 250 V DC. This test voltage is sufficiently low that it will not be mistaken for an overvoltage. Regardless of the applied test voltage, the insulation resistance should have a measured value of at least 1 MΩ (see Table 64 of BS 7671). What are the drawbacks with these testing options? Both of the above methods present some difficulties which must be taken into consideration when deciding on what option to take. Temporary removal of equipment permits the continuing effectiveness of the insulation of wiring to be veriﬁed after installation using a test voltage in excess of nominal voltage. However, whenever an installation is partially dismantled there is always a risk that this disturbance will introduce a fault where one did not exist previously. There is also a possibility and risk that the equipment will not be reconnected once testing is completed, removing the overvoltage protection. 250 V is less than both the maximum permitted tolerance for single-phase nominal voltage (253 V rms)1 and also the peak voltage during normal service. Arguably therefore, an insulation resistance test at this reduced voltage is less likely to detect anomalies in the insulation between parts intended to be at different potentials in service. However, it does permit some indication of insulation resistance to be obtained for recording on the Schedule of Test Results as the SPD will not ‘see’ the test voltage as an overvoltage. It is often overlooked that Regulation 641.1 requires, for initial veriﬁcation,

42 September 2021 PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

inspection and testing to be carried out, both during the construction process and on completion before the installation is put into use. It is therefore strongly recommended that wherever possible insulation resistance testing is carried out at 500 V DC prior to the connection of equipment such as SPDs to verify the effectiveness of the cables after their installation. Cables may have suffered damage during their installation whilst, for example, being drawn into conduit or trunking, or after installation but before first use by the activities of other trades. If the results of such testing are satisfactory, subsequent insulation resistance testing carried out on completion of work, the results of which will be used to populate the Schedule of Test Results which will accompany the Electrical Installation Certificate, may then be carried out at 250 V DC. Summary It is increasingly likely that an electrical installation will contain one or more surge protective device. This may require those carrying out initial or periodic verification to disconnect the SPDs prior to performing insulation resistance testing to ensure that meaningful test results can be obtained. When, after proper consideration, such disconnection is deemed to be an impractical proposition the insulation resistance testing can be performed at 250 V DC. However, regardless of the test voltage applied, the measured insulation resistance should be at least 1 MΩ. It is essential that any disconnected SPDs are reconnected after performing an insulation resistance test. 1 See

paragraph 15 of Appendix 2 of BS 7671: 2018

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TECHNICAL & TRAINING

LV SWITCHGEAR SELECTION: KEY CONSIDERATIONS

ow voltage switchgear is a vital part of the link between generation, transmission or transformation equipment on one side and the lighting, motors and information technology on the other. Switchgear is deﬁned as a collection of components including (but not limited to) circuit breakers, switches, off load isolators, on load isolators, disconnectors, fuses, enclosures etc. In essence, all the accessories required to protect a low voltage system. The main functions of switchgear are electrical isolation, isolation of sections of an installation, and local or remote switching. In this article, we'll focus on the different types of protective devices and the main considerations when selecting and specifying low voltage switchgear. Note: BS EN 61439 specifies the requirements for low-voltage switchgear and assemblies, while BS EN 60947 specifies the functional units within the assemblies.

Choosing the right device There are many devices designed to interrupt power, from a source to a load, and they each have different functions and characteristics. Selecting the right device for the right application is therefore vital.

“THE VARIETY OF SIZES AVAILABLE MEANS MCCBS CAN BE USED IN MANY DIFFERENT CIRCUMSTANCES” 44 September 2021

Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCBs) are probably the most common form of protective device used in electrical installations, and their use and characteristics should be familiar to electrical professionals. Moulded Case Circuit Breakers (MCCBs) or simply circuit breakers (CBs), are commonly used for sub-main distributing loads in switchgear. The variety of sizes available means MCCBs can be used in many circumstances where other forms of devices would be unsuitable. In addition, many MCCBs have a variety of adjustable settings that can assist in providing protective device selectivity throughout an installation. Advances in the ‘intelligence’ of these devices is also enabling building managers to remotely monitor loads and better manage energy use. MCCBs are often found in installations where the maximum prospective short circuit currents are potentially very large. Many manufacturers now produce MCCBs with capacities in excess of 100 kA. Where the downstream protective device is a fuse, many adjustable CBs will need to have an I2t on/off function, also referred to as an in/out. ‘On’ results in an inverse time delay characteristic that most closely resembles the time/current characteristics of fuses. ‘Off’ results in a constant delay characteristic that coordinates best with thermal-magnetic and electronic trip CBs. Air Circuit Breakers (ACBs) are often used at the origin of larger installations, due to their rating and ability to withstand high levels of faults.

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With the second amendment of the 18th Edition Wiring Regulations (BS 7671:2018) around the corner, ECA Technical Manager, Gary Parker, considers how requirements for low voltage switchgear selection could be affected.

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The column where you get to put your lighting questions to the Head of the Ovia Lighting business, Mike Collins, and his team of experts. Q: DO YOU SUPPLY COMMERCIAL LIGHTING THAT CAN FLICK FROM WARM TO COOL TO WHITE?

One consideration when selecting ACBs is the option of fixed or withdrawable type. Fixed ACBs are generally less expensive than the withdrawable variety but can be more challenging to maintain and isolate safely. A withdrawable ACB will not require isolation of the upstream protective device as there is no need to access terminals or connections. Where protection is offered by an ACB, this is usually incorporated in a separate protection module. These modules are usually plugged into the ACB and eliminate the need for external protection systems. Motor Protection Circuit Breakers (MPCBs), as their name implies, are specifically designed to protect motors, compressors and other motive power loads. Like a typical MCCB, these devices offer additional protection against motor overload and phase loss in balanced 3-phase systems. Contactors are solenoid operated switching devices, usually remotely operated, that are designed to undertake repeated cycles of operation. BS EN 60947-4-1:2010+A1:2012 (Contactors and motor-starters – Electromechanical contactors and motor starters) gives specific information about these devices. Safety outweighs cost When specifying low-voltage switchgear assemblies, in particular the forms of separation, then ultimately the greater the degree of protection, the greater the cost. This may initially be seen as a barrier to selecting the more expensive protective options, however an appropriate selection can ensure that the installation provides safe working situations for those working on/near it, and it can reduce downtime when the almost inevitable maintenance is required. As a rule of thumb, the higher the form of separation, the larger and costlier the assembly will be. This will impact on the selection should space and budget be limited, but it should never override safety and maintenance considerations. This article is based on an extract from ECA’s Application Guide: Selection of LV Switchgear and Protective Devices. The full 49-page document is available to ECA Members. ACCESS THE ECA'S APPLICATION GUIDE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED016

There are two products in our commercial range that feature a CTA switch (control temperature adjustment), which provides the ability to change the colour temperature from warm white, cool white or daylight, as required. Inceptor Apto is a range of downlights with adaptable mounting options. There are three sizes of downlights and one integrated PIR version. Apto includes a specially adapted spring feature which enables the product to be retrofitted into a range of cut-out sizes (55mm to 175mm). The bezels are available in satin chrome, chrome and black. The three position CTA switch provides the ability to change the colour temperature instantly – 3000k, 4000k, 5000K – making them suitable for a wide range of locations. The PIR version of the Apto features a delay timer with five configurable options. Inceptor Iona is a range of 20W and 30W LED downlights that are the perfect low maintenance replacement for CFL and PL lighting. They are available in three versions – non-dimmable, 1-10V dimmable and switch dimmable and each comes with a built-in integrated Flow connector – 3 pole on non-dimmable versions and a 7 pole on dimmable versions – making for quick and easy installation. There are two bezel sizes available in standard or drop glass options. As with the Apto, they feature a CTA colour temperature adjustment for easy switching of colour temperature. Thanks to Simon Anderson at V-Smart for this month’s question. As is the case with every question we publish, a special edition Ovia travel mug is on its way to him!

PUT YOUR QUESTION TO THE ASK OVIA TEAM AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED017 VISIT THE ASK OVIA MICROSITE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED018

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Working on your own? Need some technical advice? Don’t know where to turn? Ask Megger. What it doesn’t know about installing and testing electrical systems isn’t worth knowing. Every question will be answered by the Megger Technical Team, and the best will be published in Professional Electrician. So, take advantage of the ‘every question answered’ guarantee today. Email your questions to: meggermeasures@hamerville.co.uk

You asked: I’M LOOKING TO MOVE FROM HANDWRITTEN EV CHARGE POINT AND ELECTRICAL CERTIFICATES TO SOMETHING THAT CAN BE COMPLETED DIGITALLY OR ONLINE. I HAVE SEVERAL EMPLOYEES, AND I WANT SOMETHING WE CAN ALL USE. DO YOU HAVE ANY SUGGESTIONS?

We say: Digital certification will certainly save you time, but not all solutions are the same, so be sure to check which meets your needs. Megger has just released CertSuite, its new Electrical Certification Software. This cloud-based solution works on Android and iOS smartphones and tablets, as well as on PCs and Macs. It’s fast, easy, reliable and flexible, with unlimited certificate generation and cloud storage. CertSuite can be used online or offline, so you don't have to rely on having an internet connection when working. It automatically synchronises your certificates, reports and photos as soon as you’re back online. In addition, multiple users can complete certificates simultaneously, but please note that each user requires a licence. You can import company and accreditation logos into CertSuite and even save digital signatures. It also offers unlimited distribution boards and circuit designs. Certificates available include 18th Edition, Fire Alarm and Emergency Lighting, as well as Solar/PV and Fan Maintenance reports. Also included are the latest EV Charge Point installation certificate and inspection report. CertSuite is subscription only, with annual and monthly payment options. There’s a 30-day free trial so you can try it without commitment. VIEW THE CERTSUITE DATA SHEET AND ACCESS THE FREE TRIAL AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED019 46 September 2021

PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

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TECHNICAL & TRAINING

WHAT'S IN THE TRUNK?

Technical Events Manager and Technical Author of NAPIT’s award-winning On-site Solutions, Paul Chaffers, takes a closer look at some of the important design considerations for distribution trunking.

needed is readily available. The actual conductor sizes are used to calculate what number of conductors the trunking can physically accommodate. Historically, 45% has been used as the space factor that shouldn't be exceeded. For initial sizing, manufacturers’ data should be used. Each size of cable is given a common factor, and each trunking size has been allocated a capacity factor (see example Tables 1 & 2, reproduced with permission from Legrand). For each size of cable required to be contained within the trunking section being designed, multiply the number by the common factor. Add together the results of these calculations for all cable sizes to select the correct trunking size, which must have a capacity factor equal to or greater than this total. Let's try a worked example: using Table 1 calculate the total value needed for selecting the appropriately sized trunking from Table 2 for the following stranded conductors:

esigners often need to consider which containment system is best suited to the proposed installation to ensure that the finished installation will be fit for purpose and able to provide years of service with minimum maintenance requirements. This will include considering the installation’s intended use, site conditions, and likely external influences that will be present. In commercial and industrial locations, galvanized trunking is often selected and has proved to be an ideal containment system for many applications over the years. These days, designers can take advantage of the many components which are now available, saving installation time (which is always welcomed) whilst providing a robust wiring system. In this article, I will look at some of the important aspects of designing trunking containment systems that will conform to BS 7671. Selecting the size To size trunking correctly, all cable designs will need to have been completed because the type, size and number of conductors are all needed to choose the appropriate containment system. Remember that when conductors are enclosed in containment, grouping factors are used and often call for larger

48 September 2021

conductors to be installed in order to have sufficient current-carrying capacity for the intended load. There can be no adjustments if trunking is installed prior to cable calculations, which may happen on a smaller project where the electrician is the designer and gets carried away with the ﬁrst ﬁx. Usually, designs are completed prior to the start of a project, and therefore, the information

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20 x 1.5 mm2 (@ factor 8.6) = 20 x 8.6 = 172 32 x 2.5 mm2 (@ factor 12.6) = 32 x 12.6 = 403.2 28 x 4.0 mm2 (@ factor 16.6) = 28 x 16.6 = 464.8 18 x 16.0 mm2 (@ factor 47.8) = 18 x 47.8 = 860.4 Answer = 1900.4

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entering the enclosure. The test uses a 1 mm diameter, 100 mm long test probe/wire.

A study of Table 2 shows the nearest trunking capacity factor is 2091 resulting in the selection of 100 x 50 mm trunking size. Note: the trunking capacity factors take account of the space factor and trunking wall thickness. Other sizing considerations Depending on the type of installation, it may be desirable to select the next size up, allowing for future additions; however, this would need to be discussed with the client to ensure the benefits outweighed the extra cost. It should also be noted that when making future additions, care must be taken to avoid changing the grouping factor of the original design, which could result in the de-rating of the existing conductors. Cable trunking capacity tables can be used for each compartment within multi-compartment trunking. However, allowance should be made for sections where cables cross each other, such as in a tee or four-way cross, as extra space will be required. In fact, a 50% reduction in capacity will apply at tees and four-way crosses unless offset fittings are used. Fig 1 shows an illustration of an offset tee and crossover. Consideration must also be given to the practicality of laying cable within a trunking compartment, especially for larger cables that tend not to lie neatly and flatly. Understanding IP requirements Regulation 521.10.1 permits single insulated conductors to be installed into

- IPXXD uses the same test probe/wire of 1 mm diameter, but the top of the enclosure may allow entry of the 100 mm long test wire; however, the wire cannot touch any hazardous parts within the enclosure. Where insulation has been used to cover hazardous live parts, which can only be removed by destruction or use of a tool, the test probe is permitted to touch the insulation, as can be seen in Fig 2. To meet IP4X requirements for trunking systems, designers will usually need to specify a manufacturer that can supply an IP4X system. There is a Note with similar advice that accompanies Regulation 521.10.1. Any site manufactured bends or cut lengths of the trunking still have to meet the IPXXD requirement, therefore the contractor will have to ensure any joints have additional protection to ensure compliance. trunking systems providing the minimum degree of protection provided is either IPXXD or IP4X (see Fig 2 for an understanding of the differences between both levels of protection). A further requirement is the lid must only be removable by deliberate action or the use of a tool. The difference between the two ratings can be summarised as follows: - IP4X provides protection against solid bodies greater than 1 mm in diameter

Conclusion Hopefully this article has reinforced the importance of working with proper materials whilst using manufacturers’ data to aid electrical installation designs. After all, this is one of the fundamental principles listed in BS 7671 Chapter 13, Regulation 134.1.1. FOR MORE INFORMATION ON NAPIT SCHEME REGISTRATION, VISIT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED020

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TECHNICAL & TRAINING

MAINS POWER SUPPLIES TO FIRE SYSTEMS –

MORE THAN JUST ANOTHER ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT?

n essence, every non-domestic building will have some form of electrotechnical fire safety system installed within it which requires a mains power supply or multiple mains power supplies. These systems could be fire detection and fire alarm systems, voice alarm systems, emergency voice communications systems (disabled refuge) and more recently introduced evacuation alert systems. The mains power supplies obviously need to comply with BS 7671, however as they form part of the fire safety system one needs to ensure that compliance with the relevant standard for the fire safety system e.g., BS 5839-1 in the case of fire detection and fire alarm systems is achieved. In any instance where any conflict is identified between BS 7671 and the relevant fire safety system standard such as BS 5839-1, then the fire safety standard takes precedence. Let's take a look at the main compliance considerations that present themselves to the electrician installing these circuits: Power supplies and means of isolation The circuit to the system needs to be uninterrupted and dedicated solely to the fire safety system. The unnecessary use

Christopher Carvell MIET MIFSM PCQI, MD and Principal Consultant at Carvell Group, discusses the compliance issues around mains power supplies to fire systems and the requirements an electrician needs to be aware of. of RCDs isn't permitted. The number of protective and isolating devices between the origin of the supply and the means of local isolation to the fire system needs to be kept to a minimum. In practice this would comprise of a dedicated circuit emanating from the first electrical distribution board in the building's electrical distribution system. In large buildings where there are several power supplies needed for the fire safety systems then this will be impracticable, and it's more likely that supplies will be derived from more local distribution boards. In such instances this is a variation to the standard and, as such, needs to be agreed and recorded. Dealing with variations is covered further in this article. Each power supply needs to have a local means to safely isolate the supply to the fire safety equipment. Selection of an isolator is important as many electricians select switches that don't afford isolation

as defined in BS 7671. Isolation needs to be afforded for the safety of those undertaking ongoing system maintenance. The means of isolation needs to be such that it must be done with a tool e.g. a key type of action and isolation not able to be made by the mere pushing of a switch. This is to prevent the power to the fire safety system being isolated in error or maliciously. All power supplies need labeling at each local isolator with specific wording that is prescribed within the standard, so in the instance of a fire alarm “FIRE ALARM DO NOT SWITCH OFF” this label also needs to be applied to the protective device for the dedicated circuit. This is commonly understood by electricians, however what is often an oversight is the need to label all protective devices going back to the origin with the wording “WARNING THIS SWITCH ALSO CONTROLS THE SUPPLY TO THE FIRE ALARM SYSTEM”.

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TECHNICAL & TRAINING

The reasoning for this is that the isolation of a supply to a sub board which houses the dedicated circuit could inadvertently disconnect the mains power supply to the fire safety system. Cables, wiring and connections All mains power supply circuit cabling needs to match the colour of the ELV fire safety system cabling. This is usually red so that it is distinguishable from other electrical circuits. The LV mains power supply cabling shall be segregated from the ELV fire system cabling so particular attention is needed when entering the item of fire safety system equipment in that it needs to be a separate cable entry to the ELV system cabling. All cabling needs to be fire resistant and in buildings over 30m in height that aren't protected by a sprinkler system, or buildings where there is a phased evacuation strategy, the fire resistance of the cable needs to be enhanced from the standard rating of 30 minutes to 120 minutes. Methods of cable support need to be non-combustible and withstand similar temperature for a duration to that of the cable. The cable needs to be supported at intervals strictly in accordance with the cable manufacturer's recommendations. In the unlikely event that a joint is required then the method of jointing should withstand similar temperature for a duration to that of the cable. The box in which the joint is made shall be clearly labelled “FIRE ALARM”. Cables which pass through walls, floors, and surface cables below 2m from the finished floor level need to be mechanically protected. This doesn't apply to steel wire armoured cabling and mineral insulated compound cabling. In instances where cables pass through external walls, they need to be contained in a smooth bore sleeve of metal material sealed into the wall with the sleeve sloping downwards towards the outside and plugged using a waterproof compound to protect entry of rain, dust or vermin. Fire stopping and fire sealing Cables which pass through floors, walls, partitions and ceilings need to be sealed using fire-stopping materials that ensure fire resistance of the construction isn't

52 September 2021

materially reduced and that there are no spaces in which fire and/or smoke can pass through and spread. The same applies to cables installed within containment such as trunking. Inspection and testing of wiring All wiring needs to be inspected and tested in the usual way for insulation resistance, continuity, maximum circuit resistance and polarity with results recorded. Variations Any variations to the recommendations of the relevant standard e.g., BS 5839-1 in the instance of mains power supply circuits supplying of non-domestic fire detection and fire alarm systems need to be recorded. It's important for the electrician to understand that any variation needs to be agreed by all relevant parties prior to being introduced. Relevant parties include, but aren't limited to, the fire system specialist, user, purchaser, enforcing authority or insurer. It isn't acceptable to introduce variations without this pre-agreement and retrospectively record them without agreement. Such situations are therefore not classed as an agreed variation and fall into the category of a defect. Documentation and certification The electrician needs to produce as fitted drawings which detail the following: ● the positions of all power supply equipment ● the type sizes and actual routes of all cables.

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On completion of work the electrician is responsible for the production of the usual BS 7671 certificate for electrical safety which is understood. What isn't broadly understood is that to comply with the relevant fire safety system standard the electrician is to also complete an Installation Certificate in accordance with the recommendations of that standard with the extent of liability being the mains power supply circuit only. The purpose of this is to certificate compliance of the circuit with the said standard e.g., BS 5839-1 for non-domestic fire detection and fire alarm system mains power supplies or BS 5839-9 for emergency voice communication systems (disabled refuge systems). Summary As electrical certification bodies don't audit compliance of fire safety system standards as part of the electrical assessment, compliance with fire safety standards isn't always being undertaken and issues raised with electricians by technical assessment officers. Unfortunately this results in electricians not fully understanding matters of compliance for these circuits and inadvertently delivering defective work and not producing the relevant documentation and certification for what is an intrinsic part of a fire life safety system. GET MORE DETAILS ABOUT CARVELL GROUP AND IT'S SUPPORT SERVICES AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED021

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TECHNICAL & TRAINING

COMPLY WITH ME

Nico van de Merwe, Vice President of Home and Distribution at Schneider Electric, asks whether your facility’s electrical system matches up to regulatory compliance.

he importance of assessing operational compliance is widely understood, but evaluation based on internal and substandard criteria remains shocklingly frequent. The National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) implement industry-standard regulation to tackle this issue and ensure the safe and secure operation of electrical systems. With the increasing complexity of electrical systems, it has never been more important that companies are aware of, understand and successfully implement practices that adhere to these regulations. This six-step guide will ensuring any facility complies with the directive set out by industry bodies, beneﬁtting both the organisation and its employees.

“WITHOUT OVERCURRENT PROTECTION, SUSTAINED ARCING CAN SUBJECT WORKERS TO HIGHER ENERGY LEVELS”

Audit the Electrical Safe Work Practices (ESWP) policy This is a written document that covers all areas of the company’s electrical safety practices and includes lock out/tag out procedures, method of qualifying the workers, selection and application of PPE and more. Organisations should plan to audit the safety policy every three years to assure continued compliance. The policy needs to be continually revised over time to ensure that it is up to industry standard.

Review the Incident Energy Analysis (arc flash study) and equipment labelling practices NFPA 70E-2018 Section 130.5 states an arc ﬂash risk assessment shall be performed

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to identify arc ﬂash hazards and estimate the likelihood of injury or damage to health, as well as the potential severity of such injury or damage to health. The risk assessment must determine if additional protective measures are required, including the use of PPE. Arc ﬂash PPE may be selected either by the incident energy analysis method or by the PPE category method. The incident energy analysis method is a study that is overseen by professional engineers who are familiar with the power distribution and control equipment, and the calculation methods required.

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Evaluate the implementation of strategies to mitigate and control the risk associated with arc flash In 2018, NFPA 70E mandated the use of the hierarchy of risk control methods when conducting task risk assessments for electrical work. The hierarchy of risk control implements preventative and protective risk control methods in the following order (from most effective to least effective): Elimination (physically remove the hazard), substitution (replace the hazard), engineering controls (isolate the hazard), awareness (train, inform and warn), administrative controls (change work habits) and lastly PPE (protect workers from the hazard).

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It is important to note that using PPE is the least effective means of risk control and is essentially the last line of defence for worker protection.

Review the electrical safety training program content and implementation NFPA 70E-2018 defines a qualified person as “one who has demonstrated skill and knowledge related to the construction and operation of electrical equipment and installations and has received safety training to identify and avoid the hazards involved.” Having this background means that the employee must have received the safety training specified to identify hazards and reduce the associated risk. Electrical workers are not considered to be qualified by OSHA until they have received this specific training.

Evaluate the maintenance practices and methodologies of power distribution equipment It is crucial to keep “active” components in electrical distribution systems such as fuses, circuit breakers, and protective relays in proper operating condition with a regular maintenance program. Without proper overcurrent protection, sustained arcing can subject electrical workers to much higher levels of energy. Unless adequate maintenance is performed, the electrical system study and the arc flash analysis will not be a correct representation of the potential performance of the power system.

BATTERY STORAGE COURSE GOES LIVE

n accedited course for installers about how to specify and ﬁt renewable battery storage technology has gone live, thanks to a new partnership between pioneering battery specialists, AceOn and training provider, GTEC. The Telford-based company signed a deal earlier this year with Yorkshire-based GTEC to deliver industry-accredited training for its customers and clients in installing renewable electrical energy storage systems. AceOn founder Mark Thompson said the partnership was a major step forward in providing the skills needed to deliver the green revolution promised by Boris Johnson in response to the climate change crisis. Initially only available at GTEC’s Yorkshire centre, from September, the Battery Storage training courses will also be held at the Pump House in Shrewsbury.

Review the approach to electrical PPE and tools Employees working in areas where there are potential electrical hazards should be provided with PPE that is appropriate for the specific parts of the body to be protected. This can include an arc-resistant shirt, pants or coveralls, or a multi-layer flash suit. A power system engineer, well trained in electrical safety, is best placed to guarantee that facilities operate under the latest rules and guidelines, minimising the risk of non-compliance, safety penalties, and employee injury. Long term success and safety is optimised by exploring these essentials and implementing the practices to reﬂect them.

Accelerating the move to renewable energy Mark said: “Teaming up with GTEC to offer training to our potential customers and installers is a really big step forward for AceOn. GTEC will use our equipment for their training and deliver the skills required to really accelerate the move to renewable energy. “AceOn played an important role in establishing the new national standard for these qualifications by working with the Microgeneration Certification Scheme (MCS) and we are delighted to now be involved in helping train the next generation of highly-qualified installers. “We are very proud to have roles in every stage of this circular economy – from creating the product to installation, servicing, recycling and now training. Alongside our Renewergy Virtual Power Plant (VPP), we can now offer a one stop solution, covering every aspect of renewable energy."

VISIT THE MYSCHNEIDER ELECTRICIAN PORTAL AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED022

GET MORE DETAILS ABOUT THE COURSE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED023

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TECHNICAL & TRAINING

Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery (MVHR) is a huge opportunity for electricians to grow their business, but it can also be daunting for those who may be unfamiliar with the equipment. National Ventilation's Christian Rehn explains the importance of proper system design and offers some top tips on ductwork installation.

DUCTWORK INSTALLS: SEVEN TOP TIPS

VHR is increasingly the ventilation system of choice for new build homes and offers a solution to meeting airﬂow and DER requirements. But when installing a whole house ventilation system, electricians need to be familiar with the design and speciﬁcation of this technology and the ducting that goes with it.

What can electricians who aren’t sure how to specify this technology do? Thankfully, there are design services available to help electricians secure these projects. For example, National Ventilation specialises in offering a free design service that supplies a full design and quotation including unit calculations, a full kit list, recommended duct routes as well as ensuring it meets Building Regulations.

56 September 2021

And whilst it’s essential to select the right MVHR unit for the job, it's also important to choose the right ductwork and to install it correctly. Here are seven steps that will help you achieve a good ductwork installation:

Design early on It is vital that whole house ventilation is designed early in a project to ensure the system provides the correct levels of ventilation and works within the structure. Using architects’ drawings and property details, data is inputted into an airflow calculator to ensure the ventilation specified meets airflow demands. The correct size ventilation unit and the correct type of ducting can then be specified.

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Choose the best location MVHR units are often located in lofts, but can also be located in a

utility room. Ducting often goes in the ceiling void but if there is a vaulted ceiling an alternative is running ducting through webbed eco joists, between ﬂoors or within stud walls.

Specify easy to install ducting Larger projects generally use traditional rigid ductwork, which requires experience and time to install correctly. For smaller developments,

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semi-rigid ducting is a simple alternative that is easy and quick to install. It is low profile and flexible so perfect for installing in places where space is restricted. It’s available in lengths of up to 50m meaning far fewer connections and easier routing. For example, National Ventilation’s Monsoon Radial ducting is flexible enough to fit into tight corners but still rigid and robust enough not to be crushed. It's also up to 60% quicker to install.

Use an induct humidistat Traditionally MVHR is often boosted on bathroom lighting, meaning systems can boost unnecessarily. Alternatively, an in-duct humidistat means the boost only triggers when humidity rises, it takes less time to install and is more cost effective since less wiring is required. Installers only need to wire the humidistat back to the fan as the fan is constantly on.

Minimise connections Each ducting connection needs to be sealed and with each seal there is a greater risk of a leak. Rigid ductwork runs down a central spine with ducting feeding from it, with additional lengths of ducting every metre, which adds up to a lot of connections. In contrast, with Monsoon Radial semi rigid ductwork there is a central manifold with a single length of pre-sealed ducting running to the unit and the air valve, meaning there are only two joints required, minimising air leakage so that the fan performs as intended. To connect to a component the ducting is simply pushed into the connector, turned clockwise and, once it clicks twice, it is sealed, with no need for tape or mastic. This makes the installation very simple so even a novice can install it to a high standard.

Avoid bends Bends affect airﬂow. Using semi-rigid ductwork means fewer bends so resistance is minimised, improving air ﬂow and making the system more energy efficient and quieter.

“USING SEMI-RIGID DUCTWORK MEANS FEWER BENDS SO THAT RESISTANCE IS MINIMISED”

Commission the system Once installed, electricians should run a final check of the ducting and then commission the MVHR unit to check the airflow is correct. Some of the latest MVHR units, such as the IntelliSystem from National Ventilation, feature App controlled commissioning, encouraging best practice and high performance through simplified commissioning. Installers can check that the ductwork is fitted correctly via the App and can also check airflow is correct. GET MORE DETAILS ABOUT NATIONAL VENTILATION'S DESIGN SERVICE OFFERING AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED024

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PRODUCTS & BUSINESS SOLUTIONS

YOU'VE GOT THE

POWER

attery power isn’t a new concept, but when it comes to power tools, leading manufacturers continue to develop this technology to provide professionals with an ever-increasing array of reliable and powerful solutions that, combined with innovations in power tool design, can provide the professional user with the battery power that offers a truly cordless job site.

Lithium-ion takes charge The adoption of lithium-ion batteries has transformed the performance of cordless machines. One of the key advantages of using lithium-ion batteries is that they can hold high levels of energy, allowing for greater power and the ability to work for long periods of time without needing to be charged. Furthermore, lithium-ion batteries don’t need to be drained down completely before charging and can be topped up at any time in their charge cycle. Unlike previous generations of cordless power tool battery, such as NiCad, lithium-ion doesn't discharge if stored for an extended period, so users can ‘pick-up and go’ with confidence that the tool will perform when needed. Makita has further reﬁned its battery technology to optimise the charging process, to reduce charge times and

When selecting power tools, it's important that your chosen unit can deliver the efficiency and precision needed for the task. Kevin Brannigan, Marketing Manager at Makita, explains how developments in battery technology can meet these demands.

protect the batteries from damage. Each of its battery chargers are designed to deliver the optimum charge every time by intelligently balancing the recharge across all cells, and are manufactured with a built-in central processing unit to enable the charger to analyse the battery condition. This identifies any issues with the battery and the charger can then take action to rectify any problems – such as cooling the battery before charging takes place. In turn, users can benefit from excellent charge times and productivity gains. For example, Makita’s 3.0Ah 18V LXT lithium-ion batteries can be charged in as little as 22 minutes or the 6.0Ah version charges in less than an hour. The 2.5Ah 40VMax XGT battery can be charged in just 28 minutes. Tool and battery communication Sliding battery systems that feature multiple contact terminals help to ensure that the battery current remains stable, even under extreme work vibration conditions. Users will also benefit from manufacturers that apply a holistic approach to product development, whereby the tool, battery and chargers are all designed

and engineered to work together to ensure optimum performance and output. For example, Makita’s tools are equipped with a tool/battery protection and communication system, which automatically stops the tool under conditions that may damage the life of the machine and battery such as overload protection, thermal protection, and over-discharge protection. Voltage to match the job Thanks to the advances in battery technology, professionals can utilise quality cordless tools that can deliver performance that's comparable to mains powered machines and the high levels of torque, speed and power required for high-demand, industrial applications. What’s more, the ability to switch between jobs easily and quickly is made possible when working with a variety of cordless tools that are powered by the same battery system. Makita offers over 270 cordless products all within its 18V and twin 18V(36V) LXT battery platform and over 40 models within its powerful 40VMax and twin 40V(80VMax) XGT battery platform. VIEW THE MAKITA ONLINE PRODUCT CATALOGUE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED025

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PROTECTION MOVES

WITH THE TIMES

Darren Staniforth, Head of Technical Engagement with Scolmore Group, looks at some of the key potential changes affecting circuit protection in the forthcoming Amendment 2 of the 18th Edition and how the company has future-proofed its Elucian consumer unit range to satisfy these.

ue for publication in March 2022, Amendment 2 of the 18th Edition Wiring Regulations features a number of potential changes as far as circuit protection requirements are concerned. These include:

Mandating of AFDDs on circuits with a rated current not exceeding 32 A The current version of the regulations suggests that AFDDs are recommended for a small number of installations. We believe the 2nd Amendment will see them become mandated on a number of ﬁnal circuits. Other countries mandated the use of

AFDDs, in line with Harmonised Documents, many years before JPEL/64 (the committee responsible for the development of BS 7671) decided to take another look at the requirement for them to be installed. This was mainly down to different methods of construction on building sites, along with the belief that our electrical systems are more robust in the UK. AFDDs offer protection against a single series fault within one single conductor. Many of the other devices mentioned in this article require a fault to interact with another conductor, or to Earth via a known or unknown path. These are commonly known as parallel faults.

AFDDs monitor a number of characteristics within the final circuit at the same time, using a microprocessor. It’s true to say that most of the electrical items we use on a day-to-day basis have arcs within them when switching occurs. The signatures of many electrical devices and appliances have been added to the electronic chip. This allows the device to differentiate between a normally occurring arc and one that could lead to a potential fire hazard. The device is constantly monitoring the final circuit in question, and therefore needs an ultra-low amount of energy to do its job. We continue to invest in the Elucian consumer unit range to make sure installers can meet the requirements of the proposed regulation updates, and a range of AFDDs is in development. Types of RCD Currently the Regulations recognises four main types of RCD: AC – for use with alternating sinusoidal currents. A – for use with alternating sinusoidal currents and where pulsating direct current is present up to a maximum of 6mA. F – for use as Type A above and where other DC characteristics are present. B – for use as Type F above and where the frequency has been altered. The proposed changes suggests a move away from AC devices on general installations. The proposal sees type A

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devices referred to as ‘suitable protective devices’ going forward. As many installations now have a number of electronic devices that naturally produce DC, we believe this change to be good. Therefore, we've taken the decision to only provide type A RCBOs and RCCBs in the Elucian range so as to eliminate the need for the contractor to have to decide which device is suitable for a customer. The merits of a type A device make it a natural selection for today’s installations. Any DC present in the install can have a detrimental impact on the effectiveness of the standard AC type RCD. Where the DC has the ability to affect the RCD this is known as DC blinding. This method was previously used by some test instrument manufacturers to allow the measurement of Zs when an RCD was in circuit. Selectivity of RCDs is also a vital consideration if the contractor is going to install a number of RCDs in series with each other. The different types of RCDs available must be deliberated by the installer before the installation is carried out. By selecting an RCD type which is unable to handle DC upstream, the installer could compromise the safety of the users. A type A RCD must only be installed downstream of a device equal to, or higher than, its own classification type. Clarification on RCCB and RCBO use Residual Current Device (RCD) is a term widely used in the electrical industry. In fact, the general definition can be broken down to a specific device type. All of them use the ability to monitor the residual current that occurs when a leakage to Earth takes place. However, they also have other characteristics that the installer needs to consider – for instance, Residual Current Circuit-Breaker with Overcurrent protection (RCBO). These one or two module devices also have overcurrent protection built into the unit. This device not only offers overcurrent protection to the final circuit but to the device itself. The other widely used RCD is the Residual Current Circuit-Breaker without Overcurrent protection (RCCB). These are mounted within consumer units such as

the split load boards commonly installed across the UK. BS 7671 18th Edition requires installers to consider the current rating of the RCCB when carrying out a new installation or, when adding to or altering an existing installation. If the current rating of the RCCB risks being exceeded due to the total current rating downstream of the device, the installer is required to take action to restrict the overload risk.

The installer has a few options at this point: 1. Limit the total amount of current downstream to a suitable value so the overload condition is not possible. 2. Ensure that the protective device at the origin of the installation (upstream) is of a sufficient rating to offer protection to the RCCB. To do this it would need to be of an equivalent rating or lower than that stated on the RCCB. This requirement is necessary because the standard BS EN 61008 does not allow for any overcurrent tolerance of the device. If the installer decides that the first option is their best and easiest, the use of diversity is limited in this application. The Regulations confirm “diversity must not be the sole means of confirmation”. They also go on to state that the installer can consult the manufacturer for their specific requirements when installing these types of devices. We've taken the step to supply 80A RCCB devices in all Elucian consumer units, in an effort to take away some of the worry contractors have when selecting consumer units and the devices within.

Surge Protection Device requirements Overvoltage protection is currently a major part of the regulations. Contractors are required to offer protection from overvoltage if it's believed that a consequence of the overvoltage could cause danger to human life, loss of data from banking institutions, damage to cultural and heritage installations or where there is a large number of individuals. Any installation outside of those definitions is required to have a risk assessment completed to determine if SPDs are required. If the risk assessment calculation is not completed, then the default position is to install SPDs. However, for single dwelling units the financial implications of these additional devices can be discussed with the client. If it's believed that the additional cost of the SPD outweighs the cost of the installation and the equipment within, then the contractor can make the choice not to install an SPD. The reduction in the cost of SPDs has now made it a viable option for installers to offer to all their clients. The introduction of the 18th Edition of BS 7671 saw a lot of attention on the overcurrent rating of these devices. This led to many manufactures offering the SPD device in conjunction with a dedicated MCB. We've chosen to ensure that the rating of the SPD offered by Elucian is sufficient to rely on the overcurrent protection offered by the main fuse to the installation. This allows for more outgoing ways for the contractor to use in the installation of their final circuit.

FIND OUT MORE ABOUT THE ELUCIAN RANGE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED026

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MAKE USB YOUR USp

What are the key trends and opportunities around the future of USB charging? David Cleaver, Head of Product Management at BG Electrical – part of Luceco – shares his thoughts.

here's no denying that consumer usage and dependency on smartphones, tablets and other battery-operated devices is exponentially rising, resulting in a rapid increase in demand for fast charging USB technology. For contractors, an opportunity is being created to advise and service these changing customer needs, as well as upsell the latest USB charging technology. Emerging trends To understand the future of USB charging, it's important to look at emerging trends. According to Ofcom’s Online Nation 2020 report, 82% of the UK population now use a smartphone, with 52% owning a tablet. There's further, albeit unsubstantiated data, that puts smartphone ownership at over 90% in 2021. This comes as little surprise, but what is driving this device dependency? Firstly, changing working patterns have had a significant impact. With the rise in flexible

and mobile working, coupled with working from home, the demand for accessible technology in residential and commercial spaces has meant we need and want to use our devices more than ever before. With people carrying an unprecedented number of devices, and dependency on these devices growing, this leads to a new experience known as ‘charge anxiety’. This describes the stress or anxiety experienced by individuals when their devices are running low on battery, with no access to a charging facility. Independent research commissioned by BG Electrical found that 68% of people have experienced worry, concern, stress, or anxiety over an electronic device running out of battery while outside of the home. Opportunities for the contractor These established and emerging trends are creating an undeniable demand for fast USB charging. For the contractor, this creates an opportunity to look for settings where having a fast USB charging wall socket would reduce these anxieties, help

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people feel more settled, and for commercial venues to attract paying customers. Looking at the residential environment, we see an increased demand within the home to charge multiple devices at the same time, as well as faster and easier charging. This has become even more prevalent with the rise of home working and the uplift in the number of devices we each own and use. In the commercial sector, high-footfall venues present a signiﬁcant opportunity. From coffee shops, pubs and restaurants, to hotels, conference venues and airports, having access to a fast USB charging socket is a selling point. As society becomes increasingly digital, and staying connected is critical, offering the ability to conveniently charge devices and in turn reduce ‘charge anxiety’, could be key to attracting paying customers. Choosing the right fast charging technology Something for contractors to consider is the longevity of any solution they install. Charging technology rapidly evolves and USB Type-C is fast becoming the charging preference of the future. It's already being used in many of the latest mobile devices, tablets and laptops. There are several factors driving this. Not only does it carry more power so it can charge larger devices such as laptops, and smartphones, it offers a faster transfer speed to enable quicker charging. USB Type-C is also reversible, so it inserts into the socket both ways. Furthermore, it is the international standard, eliminating the need for travel adaptors. The market has responded quickly to

“IN THE COMMERCIAL SECTOR, HIGH FOOTFALL VENUES PRESENT HUGE OPPORTUNITIES” this changing preference and a number of solutions to meet this demand are readily available. Paving the way, BG Electrical has developed a leading solution with its 30W Type C USB wall socket. This latest innovation is a true fast charging wall socket with integrated fast charge ports for both USB-C and USB-A. Delivering true, fast charging of mobile phones, small laptops and tablets, BG Electrical's product can deliver a 50% charge in just 30 minutes – 70% faster than standard 5W charging (visit www.bg-type-c.com for verification of these performance claims). In addition, the integrated smart charging automatically switches the socket to standby mode once the device is fully charged, thus eliminating any potential damage caused by overcharging. Despite the higher power output, it easily ﬁts into a 25mm back box and includes inline angled, colour-coded terminals to aid installation. The changing world may mean we have to adapt quickly, but for contractors that do, there is a wealth of opportunity out there to create additional revenue, while helping residential and commercial clients alike. GET MORE DETAILS ABOUT BG ELECTRICAL'S USB CHARGING RANGE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED027

ENHANCE YOUR CPD THROUGH THE LUCECO ACADEMY The Luceco Academy was created to support contractors with free, fully CPD accredited courses that enhance their practical knowledge. The latest CPD to be made availavle covers renovations and rewires, including the installation of wiring accessories. There's no product more used and overlooked than the humble socket outlet, complying with BS 1363. But just how aware are contractors of the regulations relating to sockets, both in and beyond BS 7671? The CPD course covers the following key points on the installation of wiring accessories: ● Is ﬁre protection required for wiring

accessories? ● Ring and radial circuits compliance ● Chopping, chasing and more!

New CPDs are added to the Luceco Academy regularly, with the following CPD courses available now: Circuit protection and the installation of consumer units; Surge protection and the requirements for it; Part L and how to achieve compliance with modern LED lighting technology. SIGN UP FOR FREE BY VISITING: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED028

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LIGHTING SEASON:

QUESTION TIME With key lighting season upon us there are many questions and challenges that installers will face. Here, we put those commonly asked contractor queries to a selection of the industry's top manufacturers.

With residential light fittings, the dimmer is usually on the wall, separate from the light fitting. Provided the fitting, or the LED lamp, is described as dimmable, and the dimmer used is described as being suitable for LEDs, you should be OK. With commercial fittings such as battens, panels, downlights or bulkheads, it’s a different story for two reasons. Firstly, the dimming is done by the driver, not by a dimmer on the wall, so you have to specify the right driver when ordering the light fittings and your wholesaler will usually need to order them in. Secondly, you need to decide how the end user is going to tell the drivers to make the fittings get brighter or dimmer. There are three methods, and once you have chosen one you're ready to tell the wholesaler what to order.

HOW Can I DIM A COMMERCIAL LIGHT FITTING? NVC Lighting UK

They are: DALI Usually, a DALI signal will be generated by a sensor or a control system. Manually operated rotary knobs that generate a DALI signal are available, but if pure manual control is required we would recommend switch dim as the simpler solution. Switch Dim Switch dim is a means of controlling a luminaire via a retractive switch. It is a low-cost, intuitive and easy-to-install approach to providing manual dimming control. All you need is one, or several, retractive “push-to-make” switches to

place on the walls and a driver in each light ﬁtting that will respond to a momentary mains input. Driver manufacturers use different terms, but switch-dim, push dimming and press-dim all mean the same. Corridor Function (CF) Corridor function can be operated by an occupancy sensor, time switch or manual switch. When the switch contact is made, the light output will be 100%. When the contact is broken the light output will be 10%, or whatever value that is programmed in the driver or control gear. As its name suggests, corridor function is designed for use in stairways and corridors.

GET MORE DETAILS ABOUT THE NVC LIGHTING RANGE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED029

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WHAT PRODUCTS ARE NEEDED TO MAKE MY INSTALLATION UGR COMPLIANT?

Red Arrow Electrical Distribution

While it is possible to buy ‘UGR<19 luminaires’, there's no guarantee that solely using these products will make your installation UGR compliant. In fact, you can create a UGR-compliant installation without using any UGR<19 products at all. Unified Glare Rating (UGR) is a measure of glare in any given environment – not a measure of glare from a single luminaire. That means that a UGR value for an area isn’t dependant on a specific fixture, but rather the room it is located in; its shape, size, the surface reflections of walls, ceilings, floors and so on.

As such, creating a UGR-compliant installation requires more than just UGR ‘compliant’ products; the lighting design for the space needs to consider how much glare will be produced, based on the aforementioned factors.

Different UGR ratings are required depending on the space and the type of activities it’s used for. The standard BS EN 12464-1 (Lighting for Indoor Workplaces) provides a list of the maximum recommended UGR values per type of room and type of activity, across more than 280 different applications. Office lighting, for example, has a recommended UGR of 16-19, while an industrial environment with heavy machinery in operation can have a UGR of 22 to 25. A UGR rating above 28 is deemed unsuitable for work lighting.

VIEW THE LATEST RED ARROW PRODUCT GUIDE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED030

Everyone has their own personal preference when it comes to lighting colour temperature and beam angle. However needing to amend the colour temperature or beam angle of a ﬁtting mid-job can sometimes be more trouble than it’s worth. Many a contractor will have reached the end of an install and then been asked by a customer to switch a full set of downlights from cool to warm white or vice versa, having already ‘made good’ the surrounding wall. Alternatively, you may have reached the end of a job and realised that one lamp is operating on a different colour temperature to all the others. This can result in having to pull down barely dry

HOW EASY IS IT TO CHANGE THE BEAM ANGLE AND COLOUR TEMPERATURE POST-FITTING? Megaman UK

plaster to remove the ﬁtting and start from scratch, often causing damage to the underlying plaster board in the process. Thankfully this no longer needs to be the case. As ﬁxtures develop and become more adaptable, it is now possible to source innovative downlights, such as Megaman’s TEGO 2, which provide a variety of beam angle, colour temperature and bezel styles, all easily

changeable in-situ, without having to remove the fixture from the ceiling. With these products, the colour temperature can be altered by twisting the lamp lens itself, while the beam angle can be changed by pressing the lens into the fixture. As a result, should a customer approach you wanting to make changes, these are all possible without undoing or damaging your previous work or having to worry about ‘making good’ all over again. You can even demonstrate to the customer how flexible the fixtures are so that they can make amendments themselves should they wish to change the lighting again in the future.

VIEW THE LATEST EDITION MEGAMAN LIGHTING CATALOGUE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED031

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WHAT ARE THE KEY CONSIDERATIONS WHEN INSTALLING FLOODLIGHTS?

Anthony Parkinson, Technical Manager, Ansell Lighting Floodlights are a great solution for almost all external domestic and commercial applications to illuminate a larger open space or provide security to homes, but there are a number of considerations to take into account – including type of product, optimum height, sensing distances and output. Symmetric floodlighting – which produces a beam angle of approx. 120 x 120˚ – is ideal for homes and gardens, while Asymmetric floodlighting, with a narrower beam angle of approx. 120 x 60˚, is best utilised where light pollution may be a consideration. Then it's all about the installation location – considering the environment

and any external factors that could impact the intended illumination or spill light onto surrounding properties. If using a PIR, you should avoid positioning close to trees or shrubs which can cause false triggering during windy weather and heat sources such as flues, which can also trigger the light. Also avoid positioning too close to bright lights as this can affect the functioning of the PIR when the Lux level is set to dark. A key component of the installation, specifically when utilising a PIR, is the mounting height. Issues with the sensing distance not being achieved are common and are usually due to it being mounted either too high or, in some cases, too low.

The manufacturer’s instructions and guide will give safety related information and installation instructions, but as a guide the beam range of an LED floodlight is approximately three times the installation height, so if you install a light at 3m height the beam will reach about 10m – enough for a small garden. The tilt of the floodlight is also important to illuminate the space intended – if the tilt is too high or too low it will limit the sensing distance. And in turn the level of illumination is key. An 8W LED will deliver the same output as a 100W halogen bulb, which should be plenty for most domestic installations, while a 15W LED (equivalent to a 200W halogen) is ideal for installation heights up to 12m so suitable for larger domestic or commercial buildings.

GET MORE DETAILS ON THE ANSELL FLOODLIGHTING RANGE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED032

Modern new builds and re-wires/refurbs of existing domestic properties often mean contractors having to install as many as 16 or 20 ceiling downlights in a large kitchen/breakfast room, plus probably another six or eight each in a couple of bathrooms. That’s a lot of time up and down a ladder with all the components! Hylec invented the Debox junction box to save time, effort and money on this type of job. First launched in 2015, this design has now expanded into a popular series of time-saving junction boxes. The latest addition to the range is the new Debox SM40, which is specifically designed to fit inside the 40mm ceiling apertures of today’s ceiling downlights. The smallest in-line junction box in the range, it's supplied complete with all components, including a 4-pole terminal block suitable for round cables, maximum 24A, and can be wired in seconds. Using Debox SM40 simply requires the installer to insert the cables into the

HOW CAN I SAVE TIME WHEN INSTALLING CEILING DOWNLIGHTS?

Hylec

4-pole terminal block and tighten the terminal screws, lower the tool-less cable clamps and secure the lid with the supplied locking clip. The locking clip can only be opened with a tool, which complies with current regulations. Debox SM40 is supplied with a spare locking clip, so that should it need to be re-opened subsequent to initial fitting, it can be re-secured with the second locking clip. There are multiple fix-to-surface options, including using the detachable external fixing lugs found on either side of the Debox.

GET MORE DETAILS ABOUT THE DEBOX SM40 AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED033

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WHAT HAPPENS IF I FIT AN LED FLOODLIGHT AND MY CUSTOMER'S REQUIREMENTS CHANGE?

Andy Douglas, MD, Timeguard You know the scenario all too well, where you’ve just completed fitting an LED floodlight, or are in the middle of it, and the customer changes their mind. This normally means a trip back to the wholesaler as the chances of you having a suitable alternative LED with PIR to the floodlight you’ve installed in the back of the van are unlikely and, even worse, if you’ve already installed the fitting a week, a month, or even a year ago, and they

change their mind, then what you take out is basically scrap. So what’s the solution? Is there even one? On the back of customer feedback, Timeguard introduced the LEDPRO modular floodlight system range in 2016, a unique collection that offers high quality LED floodlights from 10W through to 100W. Each stand-alone LED floodlight can be further enhanced by adding your choice of a PIR, Photocell, RF remote controlled PIR

and now, a new Wi-Fi camera module, all by simply replacing the back wiring cover and plugging-in the new PIR etc. Furthermore, there’s no extra wiring involved! On top of this, we even went one step further, adding an extra slave terminal to each ﬂoodlight to allow the same control to other luminaires. So, the next time your customer changes their mind, you’ll already have your answers and fittings ready.

GET MORE DETAILS ON TIMEGUARD'S LIGHTING RANGE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED034

The new Single Lighting Regulations (SLR) and Energy Label Regulations (ELR) will come into play on 1st September, which will effectively combine relevant past rules and encompasses all available lighting technologies. The legislation now simply classiﬁes lighting products as ‘light sources' (lamps, sealed-for life luminaires and modules) and ‘containing products’ (luminaires with replaceable light source or control gear), as opposed to ‘lamps’ and ‘luminaires’. Therefore, the new energy label regulation is applicable only for light sources, and each light source will be given an energy rating between A and G. The product characteristics of each light source will be published on the EPREL (European Product Database for

WHAT AFFECT WILL THE NEW LIGHTING REGULATIONS HAVE ON THE WAY PRODUCTS ARE CATEGORISED?

Simon Reed, Chief Executive Officer (EMEA), Sylvania Lighting Energy Labelling) database, with an easy access QR code displayed on packaging that links the end-user to this data. In line with the higher performance threshold, certain existing lighting technologies no longer comply and will be banned. The environment and sustainability are at the core of the new Single Lighting Regulations and Energy Label Regulations. The most visible change is the recalibration of the energy rating scale that is displayed on the packaging. In an important adjustment, regulators have adopted a new scale to allow for a wider scope of efficiency performance. The current A++ classiﬁcation will now score a mid-table ‘E’ within a revised A to G range. This will help companies strive for even

greater efficiency and integrate the principle of circular economy into product development. Lighting products classiﬁed as ‘containing products’ will no longer require an energy label and are expected to have the features of replaceability and refurbishment, either by the end customer or a qualiﬁed electrician, where necessary. In complying with the new regulations, Sylvania has triggered a comprehensive overhaul of products and packaging that is targeted to deliver clarity to customers and lower our environmental impact.

GET MORE DETAILS ON THE SYLVANIA LIGHTING RANGE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED035

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HARMONICS:

THE HIDDEN MENACE Harmonics only create problems in big industrial installations, right? Wrong, says Julian Grant of Chauvin Arnoux, who explains how harmonics can cause problems in any type of electrical system – including ordinary domestic installations.

omputers that don’t work reliably, circuit protective devices that operate unexpectedly, motors that run noisily, cables and transformers that run hotter than they should – these are just a few of the problems that can occur if there’s a high level of harmonics in an electrical system. In the past, harmonics were usually an issue only for electrical installations in large factories, but now they’re everywhere, and no contractor can afford to ignore them.

The multiplier for a particular harmonic is called its ‘order’ so, for example, a harmonic at 150 Hz is a third-order harmonic. In theory, the orders can go on forever but harmonics above, say, the 50th order are usually so small they don’t need to be considered. To understand where harmonics come from, let’s assume that the power delivered by an energy provider has

What are harmonics, where do they come from and what can be done about them? Put simply, harmonics are currents in an electrical system at frequencies that are whole-number multiples of the supply frequency. In other words, if the supply is 50 Hz, the harmonics are currents at 2 x 50 Hz = 100 Hz, 3 x 50 Hz = 150 Hz, 4 x 50 Hz = 200 Hz and so on.

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a nice smooth sinewave voltage waveform. If this voltage is applied to a resistive load like a heating element, the current in the load will also be a nice smooth sinewave. But not all loads are resistive. Some, like computer power supplies and motor controllers are definitely not, and a sinewave voltage applied to these will produce a current that’s a distorted version of a sinewave. Loads like this are called non-linear loads. There’s some complicated maths which shows that the distorted current waveform produced by non-linear loads is, in fact, made up of current at the supply frequency plus currents at harmonic frequencies. In other words, non-linear loads produce harmonics. Why have harmonics become such a widespread issue in recent times? The answer is simple – we're now connecting many more non-linear loads to our electrical installations.

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Almost all electronic devices are non-linear loads. That includes computers, televisions, phone chargers, microwave cookers, fluorescent lamps and LED lighting. Washing machine motor speed controllers produce significant harmonics, and other domestic appliances like fridges and cookers increasingly use electronic controls. In addition to this, many homes and offices are now being equipped with EV charge points and have solar panels on the roof. Put simply, these days non-linear loads are everywhere, which means that harmonics are also everywhere. Does this matter? Unfortunately, it does. Harmonics can disrupt the normal operation of electrical systems. They tend to produce excessive heat in conductors and components and can cause all sorts of issues with sensitive electronic equipment. They make lights flicker and motors buzz. They're also a common source of nuisance tripping in protective devices. Harmonic currents can also badly affect the accuracy of measurements you make on an electrical system. This is particularly important if you’re an electrician because you’ll be using those measurements to certify that the installation complies with the Wiring Regulations and, for commercial installations, the Electricity at Work Regulations. The root of the measurement problem is that many older clamp meters won't give reliable readings if significant levels of harmonics are present in the supply.

A case in point To provide an example, we recently made some measurements on a circuit supplying CFL (compact ﬂuorescent lamp) luminaires, using a ‘standard’ clamp meter from a well-known manufacturer. It showed the RMS current as 2.9 A, whereas measurements carried out with a more capable clamp meter revealed the true RMS current to be 6.0 A. That's why it's important to make sure that the instruments you’re using and, in particular, your clamp meters, are designed to give accurate results in the presence of harmonics. Examples of clamp meters that meet this requirement are the F407 and F607 from Chauvin Arnoux. These measure currents up to and including the 25th harmonic (1250 Hz), and they also feature true RMS measurement, which means that the accuracy of the results they deliver doesn't depend on the current or voltage being measured having a sinusoidal waveform. In today’s world, where almost everything seems to be controlled electronically, problems with harmonics aren't going away. Wise contractors are those who familiarise themselves with these problems and ensure that they’re well-equipped to deal with them. FOR MORE DETAILS (AND A BIT MORE MATHS) CHECK OUT THE CHAUVIN ARNOUX UK FREE RESOURCE WEBSITE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED036

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VEX

EDUCATION

Joe Cillia, FIS Technical Director, talks to Paul Coy, MD of Vexbox, about maintaining the integrity of fire rated walls, what guidance there is in Part B of the Building Regulations and the IET guide and what to check before cutting into any drylining.

he integrity of a fire wall constructed from drylining can be lost as soon as an electrical box or other partial penetration is installed. Knowing how to address this in the design stage or perhaps more importantly, during upgrades to an existing building, can be the difference to the compartmentation holding up in a fire or allowing the fire to break though and the compartmentation failing.

What's the first step in ensuring that the compartmentation isn't compromised when installing socket boxes and switches into a dry lined wall? The ﬁrst thing is to establish the performance of the wall and what could be impacted by cutting into the plasterboard to install socket boxes and switches. Acoustic, ﬁre performance and air permeability can all be compromised by cutting through the plasterboard.

So how do you identify a fire rated wall, especially as on the surface it will appear the same as any other wall? At the construction stage, it should be straightforward to determine a wall's property using the fire strategy drawings and specifications which will be readily available on-site. It's more difficult in a retrofit installation, for obvious reasons, so you'll need to make a request for

information (RFI) to the employer, who might be the building owner or a main contractor on a refurbishment project. They should be able to find the original fire strategy drawings or the information file as part of the Regulation 38 submission. If in doubt, don’t start the work until this is established. Dame Judith Hackitt, in her report following the Grenfell fire disaster, recognised that information like this will be key, so has called for a ‘Golden Thread’ of information to be available in future. What do the Building Regulations and the guidance from the IET say about penetrations in compartment walls? In Part B of the Building Regulations, section 11.12 states: 'All openings for pipes, ducts, conduits or cables to pass through any part of a fire separating element should be fire stopped'. It goes on to say: 'Proprietary fire stopping and

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sealing systems (including those designed for service penetrations) which have been shown by test to maintain the fire resistance of the wall or other element, are available and should be used'. The IET Guidance note 4. Protection against fire 6.2.4. says: 'Where knockouts have been removed to allow the access of cables. These should be fire stopped to prevent the spread of hot gases into the structure in the event of the accessory sealing the box failing. This is also applicable if there are gaps between the electrical accessory box and plasterboard wall. Diagram 6.3'. It was addressing the issue of gaps that first inspired me to develop the Vexbox. Tell us a little more about the Vexbox Vexbox was created to protect the integrity of a drywall partition when partially penetrated. It's a variable extension box for use with drylining systems, enabling electricians to quickly and easily create up to 12 different extension boxes from a single template. The intumescent version of Vexbox is a brand new concept which has been specifically designed to overcome the problems of incorrectly installed electrical back boxes. Vexbox has been tested in accordance with EN1364-1 and is one-hour rated. Acoustic performance has been tested in accordance with BS EN ISO 10140-2:2010. Problems can occur where a structural wall is drylined and the socket box is set too far back into the wall or, the hole has been cut out in the wrong place. It makes it difficult for the plasterer but, more

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importantly, it's liable to leave gaps where air can pass which can lead to a failure where an air permeability test is carried out to meet Part L of the Building Regulations. It also leads to a flanking sound path so the acoustic performance can be compromised. Vexbox extends the socket box to bring it flush with the face of any drylining, preventing both problems and, at the same time, re-instates the fire proof integrity of the wall for up to one-hour. So how does this work where fire compartmentation is required? Fire test reports in drylining systems, sometimes referred to as flexible walls, are produced following full scale testing by constructing a sample of the wall type in a steel fame, which is attached to a test furnace. The exposed side of the wall is then subjected to temperatures up to 950˚C for the period or beyond of a test, typically 30, 60, 90, or 120 minutes. Critically, tests are based on an imperforate wall, e.g. one that doesn’t have socket or service outlets. So, to meet the requirements of the Building

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Regulations the partial perforations (socket boxes) should be protected using a product which has been tested to the same standard as the ﬂexible wall, in this case BS EN 1364-1.

So what's next?

Vexbox is available to purchase now and we would welcome enquiries from wholesalers, as well as specifiers, who are aware of the need to overcome the problem of incorrectly installed boxes. This will ensure that fire walls are compliant and won’t fail in the event of a fire, protecting people, property and the fire fighters who have to attend fires. GET MORE INFORMATION AND REQUEST A VEXBOX SAMPLE BY VISITING: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED037

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EMBRACE A

NEW ETHOS We discover more about the latest exciting addition to the Ethos Test Instrument portfolio.

he Ethos Test Instrument range is designed to meet the needs of the most demanding electrical engineers and contractors, making their job faster, easier and (as importantly) safer, whilst also helping the user comply with the latest legislation. A commitment to quality and innovation continues to make Ethos a leading range of test equipment for the discerning user.

JAW DROPPING FEATURES ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

200A AC current 1000V DC voltage 1000V AC TRMS voltage Auto sensing AC/DC voltage Non-contact voltage detector Backlit dial and settings Easy to read LCD display Built-in torch Resistance Continuity Capacitance Diode CAT IV 600V / CAT III 1000V Supplied with deluxe carry case Two-year warranty

3551 Open Jaw Current Tester New from Ethos is the 3551 – a 200A TRMS Open Jaw Current Tester. Ideally suited for many applications required of electrical maintenance and testing, this new tester is a fantastic product that boasts many features and functions. It's built to the highest specification and safety rating CAT IV 600V and CAT III 1000V, while the rotary switch and settings are backlit to make it easy for the user to select the correct setting in dark environments. Test leads are replaceable to ensure that accuracy of results are optimised and there is a non-contact voltage detector built in, along with a high-powered torch, making this a feature-rich product. The 3551 also comes complete with a deluxe carry case as standard. The versatile multifunction tool offers current at 200A AC through the open jaw facility, allowing for a safe, non-invasive measurement. Voltage 1000V TRMS AC and 1000V DC with detachable 4mm leads makes it easy and simple to replace the leads if/when they become damaged.

GET MORE INFORMATION ON THE ETHOS 3551 OPEN JAW CURRENT TESTER AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED038

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RAPID FIX ROSS Ashley Clements-Smith, Senior Channel Lead at MK Electric, chats with Ross Sands from RS Electrix, to find out what he thought about the new Logic Plus Rapid Fix after being given the opportunity to put the product through its paces.

crewing dozens of cable terminations when wiring sockets is one of those cumbersome and time-consuming tasks many readers will be familiar with. Given that tool-less cable clamp termination is a known and proven concept within the lighting market, it was only a matter of time before it would be utilised in wiring devices. MK Electric is the first UK manufacturer to incorporate this innovative concept into sockets and has launched its Logic Plus Rapid Fix – the UK’s first double switchsocket that uses spring loaded clamps to keep cables in place with just the right amount of pressure. But don't just take our word for it, let's find out what Ross thought:

becomes brittle and thin. When you push the socket back in, it could snap in half and break away. If it’s not tightened enough, the cable could fall out of the terminal when you push the socket back in. That’s why you’ve got to get it right. A bad connection can cause a fault, or worse, a ﬁre. I’ve been doing this for 20 years, so I can get a good feel for the right amount of torque to apply and it’s rare for me to have a problem. Apprentices or those who aren’t as experienced might ﬁnd it harder to get the torque right. If this results in a fault without you knowing, you could spend hours trying to locate the problem.

What’s your biggest nuisance about installing sockets? It can be time-consuming screwing the terminals in by hand, especially when you’ve got 20-30 to complete. Some spaces can be tight or difficult to get to as well, like corners and under cupboards. That makes it even trickier to bring the cables together and screw them all into a terminal.

How does installing a conventional socket compare with Rapid Fix? The Rapid Fix switchsocket uses levers instead of screwing connectors to keep cables in place so it’s a more reliable connection. There’s less chance of causing a fault. In a conventional socket, if you overtighten the screw, the conductor

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What do you like about the Logic Plus Rapid Fix switchsocket?

“IF I WAS ON A JOB WITH A TEAM OF STAFF, I’D DEFINITELY USE THIS PRODUCT” You just push the wire into the terminal, push the lever down, and job done. You know it’s a reliable connection. It’s a great idea – you’ve got to wonder why they haven’t been put into a socket before. The colour-coded levers make them easier to see, especially in places where lighting is poor. There’s also a cable strip length ruler which provides a good guide for the right amount of cable to strip. When I installed the Rapid Fix switchsocket in a time trial, I was

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surprised by how quick it was to install – 45% quicker when compared to a standard socket. I compared the price of Rapid Fix with the time I could save, not just because I won’t need to screw each terminal by hand, but also the time saved in fault finding. If I was on a job with a team of staff, I’d definitely use this product – it’s a no-brainer! What other advice would you give to make life easier and take the stress off? Don’t rush. Like I said, you could spend hours fault finding, so if you make sure you do it correctly the first time, you won’t have to go back and fix problems after you’ve turned it on and save yourself a lot of time and hassle. The best electricians might not be the fastest, but they do stuff correctly the first time around. When everything is switched on at the end, it all works and the job is done. Like the rest of the Logic Plus range, the Rapid Fix switchsocket comes with a 30-year product guarantee to give total peace of mind, has antibacterial and antiviral properties with kill rates of over 99.99% (source: Honeywell data on file), and features a 3-pin operated child resistant shutter system and double pole switching for user safety.

GET MORE DETAILS ABOUT THE LOGIC PLUS RAPID FIX SWITCHSOCKET AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED039

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FLEXIBLE LIGHTING TO SUIT ALL SITES We learn more about the latest site equipment from Engex.

ngex, a brand focused on delivering the latest portfolio of products to the electrical contractor has invested further to deliver the latest range of site electrical equipment. Available in time for this year’s dark nights, the new site lighting equipment range delivers products that are suitable for many applications. Offering typical 110V and battery-operated work lights, pocket lights, inspection lights and a range of 110V/230V transformers, extension reels and leads, Engex ensures that options are feature-rich and contractor-friendly for ease of use. Discreet and modern look Engex has focused on providing all the features you'd expect from a typical work light but keeping a theme of discreet and modern design across the range. Offering two options of wattage on the 110V and battery site lights – 10W and 20W – the units are supplied on an adjustable mounted carry frame and utilise a clear diffusing glass to maximise light output and aesthetics. All battery versions are supplied with DC charger and USB charging capability.

and damp environments, ensuring all round protection. All models of light offer magnetic mounting as standard, allowing the range to be more ﬂexible. On offer are a 10W or 20W rechargeable battery unit with bottom mounted magnetic feet, the 10W inspection light with a magnetic stand or a 7W pocket light with a magnetic bracket. These can easily be mounted in obscure positions and, whether upside down or tilted, the unit will perform equally as well. The 110V and battery work lights can also be used in conjunction with the single or double mounted tripods Engex supplies. Each 110V light is supplied pre-wired with 3m of cable and plug to ensure enough distance can be reached, even when tripod mounted.

Withstands all environments The entire family of products offer IP44 or IP65 housing coverage, perfect for use in rough

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More than just lighting Engex doesn't solely focus on lights, however, with a wide range of site transformers, extension leads, cable reels, and splitters to support the full basket also on offer. Transformers are offered from 1.5kva to 5kva and supplied in a robust enclosure. Extension leads, and cable reels are supplied in both 110V and 230V at

14m for the leads and 25m or 50m for the cable reels. Engex also caters for a 4-way site splitter consisting of 4 x 16A sockets with a 5m lead and plug. To assist professionals with selecting the correct product for their site, Engex has launched Edition 1 of its site electrical brochure. It features 20 pages of site equipment information and technical product speciﬁcation to give you conﬁdence in your purchases.

SCAN THE QR CODE TO VIEW A COPY OF THE BROCHURE OR VISIT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED040

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CAN YOU MEASURE SAFETY? Can poor quality test and measurement equipment compromise safety? The team at Ideal Industries explores.

lectrical contractors are under constant pressure to complete projects quickly, which is why so much product innovation in the electrical sector focuses on enhancing speed and ease of installation, while maintaining quality and consistency. But safety should never be sacriﬁced for speed, and ensuring that test and measurement protocols are followed diligently using the correct instruments not only delivers more quality and consistency, but also ensures high safety standards. “The problem is that effective testing and measurement on-site depends both on electricians’ best practice habits and the reliability of the test and measurement equipment in their kit,” explains Brett Smyth, General Manager EMEA of Ideal Industries. “Often there is a signiﬁcant disparity between top quality, branded test and measurement equipment, which is robust,

accurate and performs consistently well, and more 'affordable' alternatives, which can be less reliable and accurate and, therefore, may not provide the safety and consistency required.” Accuracy, consistency and affordability As the emphasis on safety for both the installation team and the occupier has continued to increase, the solution the market needs is a high quality range of test and measurement equipment that combines reliable safety and consistency with affordability. Ideal Industries has used the company’s global scale and know-how to homogenise its test and measurement range, enabling the electrical trade to take a signiﬁcant step up in quality, without the major hike in price. “Our customers trust us to offer them the best possible quality and innovation at an attractive price point,” explains Brett. “With our new test and measurement

range, that’s exactly what we’re offering. For electricians, that means access to more durability, reliability and safety features for less, enabling them to save money without compromising on advanced technology or quality assurance.” Listening to end users Ideal Industries chose the features and benefits that end users identified as part of extensive research as the most beneficial for safety and productivity.

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STUDENTS GIVE IDEAL THE THUMBS UP A survey, commissioned by Ideal Industries, targeting students studying Electrical Installation at Warrington & Vale Royal College has confirmed that more than 80% of students find the company’s In-Sure cable connectors faster and easier to install than conventional terminal strips. The survey was carried out in partnership with Warrington & Vale Royal College as part of Ideal Industries’ knowledge sharing relationship with the electrical department. The college’s electrical students and apprentices regularly use Ideal Industries In-sure Push-In and Lever Connectors for cable terminations, as well as using conventional terminal strips, so were able to provide honest and informed feedback comparing the two methods. Ideal Industries In-Sure Push-In and Lever Connectors proved to be both the fastest and easiest cable termination method according to the survey, with 83.3% agreeing they're faster to install and highlighting this as their key advantage. Meanwhile, 69.4% of the students who responded to the survey think that the In-Sure Connectors are easier to use than terminal strips. The electrical students who responded to the survey also highlighted the ability to re-use connectors as a major benefit, with 27.8% of students agreeing that the ability to rectify mistakes is a key advantage of the In-Sure Connectors.

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Brett continues: “We've created a cohesive range with common features and functions to make it easier for electricians to switch easily from one piece of equipment to another. For example, across many of the testers, non-contact voltage, high voltage and continuity indicators have a common display functionality and are located at the top of the unit.” Design touches The new range from Ideal Industries includes Clamp Meters, Fork (split jaw) Meters, Digital Multimeters (DMMs), Voltage Meters, Non-Contact Voltage Testers and Infrared Thermometers. It is segmented into tools for commercial, domestic and apprentice use. Brett adds: “The vibrant yellow coloured casing makes it easy to identify the testers on-site. The over moulded casing means several of the testers are robust enough to withstand drops and knocks with up to 2m drop protection. Several of the products have IP ratings that provides certain levels of dust and water protection.” Probe holders on the back of testers allow for two-hand testing and category ratings provide electricians with peace of mind that the tester is ﬁt for the job and will pass scrutiny if their equipment is audited.

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User research was integral to Ideal Industries’ product development process, which is why a back light torch function that can be switched on independently from the testers has been included. The innovative, patented bottom display, which was previously only available on Ideal Industries’ TightSight Clamp Meters, has now also been incorporated into the Fork Meter thanks to user feedback too, aiding visibility for users when working in conﬁned and poorly lit locations. Other key features of the range include a LEAD warning on the DMMs, notifying the user if the test lead has been inserted into the wrong port. Meanwhile, the FUSE notiﬁcation feature alerts the user to a blown fuse, while allowing them to continue with measurements unaffected by the fuse. Brett concludes: “Testing and measurement are important safety elements of any electrical installation. Electricians need to know that they are investing in equipment that will not only do the job, but will be easy to use and last for years.” VIEW IDEAL'S TEST & MEASUREMENT BROCHURE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED041

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WHAT'S THE PLAN? ESP's Product Manager, Matt Parton, answers some simple questions about fire alarm zone plans.

zone plan is a layout of a building highlighting the areas of fire detection zones. The main purpose of a zone plan is to be able to immediately identify where any potential fire may have occurred. It shows the layout of the building and clearly highlights the separate fire alarm zones to help evacuations in an emergency situation. The zone plan should also include:

● Building levels ● Escape routes and ﬁnal exits (exits that

open out into a place of safety, such as a car park or concourse) ● Circulation areas (corridors, stairs, lifts etc.) ● A “You are here” sign so that visitors and employees can map out their exit route. Why do I need a fire alarm zone plan? Under BS5839-1:2017, it is essential that all buildings with a fire alarm system have an up-to-date, accurate zone plan. It should be clear and in the correct orientation of the building, with a ‘You are here’ sign indicating your exact location. An accurate, up-to-date plan, such as that provided by ESP, helps the fire service by quickly directing them to the origin of the raised alarm. It saves valuable time in both genuine and false activations. The standard states that zone plans are required on every system of any size and should also be noted as a major non-compliance during routine maintenance, when they're not displayed on existing installations.

“AN ACCURATE, UP-TO-DATE PLAN HELPS THE FIRE SERVICE BY QUICKLY DIRECTING THEM TO THE ORIGIN OF THE RAISED ALARM” This gives the installer or maintenance provider the responsibility to then give details to the customer of how they can obtain zone plans for each CIE position on their system, to ensure compliance. What are the requirements of a fire alarm zone plan? According to the British Standards, all zone plans must be diagrammatic to be fit for purpose. They should be close to the fire alarm panel and accurately indicate the orientation of the building. Where do I need a fire alarm zone plan? The zone plan should be situated adjacent to the CIE (Control Panel). This ensures the fire service can be quickly directed to the location of a fire. In an event of a false alarm, this can also help

identify the service provider of any problems within the detection area. How do I get a fire alarm zone plan? As each building is different there is no ‘one-size fits all’ fire alarm zone plan template. As part of ESP’s fire design service, the company will work with clients to supply a fire zone plan unique to each individual premises. Designed to the highest standard, ESP’s zone plans can be supplied as a framed hard copy or issued electronically for printing and framing as required. LEARN MORE ABOUT ESP'S SYSTEM DESIGN SUPPORT OFFERING AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED042

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A GUIDE TO TWIN AND EARTH CABLE FIXINGS

The team at LINIAN take a closer look at the 'what, how and why' when it comes to T&E cable fixings. What is a T&E cable? Twin and earth cable, often written as “T&E” and occasionally “T and E”, is the generic term for twin and CPC (circuit protective conductor). These cables are ﬂat, sheathed ﬁxed mains electricity cables containing two or more insulated current-carrying conductors and an Earth connector. The sheathing on T&E cabling is made commonly from PVC and insulation and has a long life in the right conditions. Twin and Earth cabling can be affected by ultraviolet radiation, so this type of cabling isn't intended for use outdoors in areas where it would be subject to regular sunlight, as the UV light will cause the cable to fail. It shouldn't be installed in areas where it will be subject to abuse or abrasion unless it is protected. T&E is often installed within trunking which protects the cable from water hazards and ingress and keeps the cable hidden and tidy.

What are the applications for T&E cables? T&E cabling is available in a variety of different sizes for various applications. ● 1mm and 1.5mm T&E cabling is commonly used for lighting. ● 2.5mm T&E cabling is commonly used for domestic small power circuits. ● 4mm T&E cabling is used for domestic wiring of radial power circuits. ● 6mm T&E cabling is used for domestic wiring of radial power circuits such as cookers ● 10mm T&E cabling is commonly used for shower circuits. Do T&E cables need to comply with 18th Edition Regulations? Yes, T&E cables must be physically supported at regular intervals. The 18th Edition states that ALL cables must be supported to prevent premature collapse, not just those in escape routes.

How are T&E cables traditionally installed? The most common methods of fixing T&E cables include nail-in clips and shot-fired fixings.

Nail-in clips feature two components: a hook that holds the cable and a nail that secures it to the substrate. In nail-in clips, the hooks are often made from plastic, which can suffer from UV damage and can melt in the event of a ﬁre, causing the cable to be released.

This method is very fast, as the clips are installed at high pressure. However, due to the rapid-ﬁre method, there is a potential risk of injury to the installer, and also a potential risk of damage to the cable as the shot ﬁre clips can scratch the sheathing, or even pierce the cable. Methods such as an All Round Band or stainless-steel cable ties can be used when T&E cables need to be banded together in a group.

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Is there a better way to install T&E cables? Yes, at LINIAN, we provide a solution that we believe offers significant advantages over both of these methods – the LINIAN T&E clip. These clips do not require any special tools and are fire-rated, safe, cost-effective, and easy to install. What are LINIAN T&E clips? LINIAN T&E clips are single-component UV stable, fire-rated fixings, designed specifically for twin, CPC cabling and PVC trunking. Suitable for all substrates, they provide a robust fixing designed to support an impressive tensile load of 24kg. The patented design includes barbed legs which grip the substrate for a secure hold and a closed head loop that neatly encloses the cable. LINIAN T&E clips provide a neat, easy and versatile fixing method that eradicates the need for screws, plugs and plastic. With these clips, the installer can anchor fixings for wire safely and form a bend in the cable without having to remove the cable clip to do so. They are fire-rated, tested in temperatures up to 1200°C and will not melt like some traditional methods. They're also UV stable and salt-spray tested, suitable for indoor or outdoor use. Additionally, they can be used with stainless steel cable ties to safely secure groups of T&E cables. How do LINIAN T&E clips work? Simply drill a hole (6mm for T&E clips), wrap the clip around the cable and insert it into the hole – job done! You can then tap the clip in with a soft hammer if preferred. The clips can also be used within trunking. Simply drill the hole through the trunking, wrap the clip around the cable and insert directly into the trunking. The clip will secure the trunking to the wall, saving the installer from having to install additional screws to support the trunking. LINIAN clips are designed to provide a lasting fix, however they can be easily removed with the use of standard carpenter's pincers.

VIEW THE LINIAN T&E CLIP SIZING GUIDE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED043

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DRESS TO

IMPRESS

Steve Hewish, Approved Electrician at Turrell (Electrical Contractors), slips into the latest gear from the Snickers Workwear stable. 씱

Snickers 8025 Flexiwork zip hoodie

If you're looking for an extra layer on top of your work shirt, but don’t want to be hot under the collar as a result, the Snickers Flexiwork jacket is an ideal solution. It's constructed from breathable material and a soft inner layer for extra comfort, and the elasticated cuffs mean that even if you have short arms (like me) your jacket isn't going to get caught in machinery or power tools whilst you work. The jackets come in a range of colour combinations to match existing or employer-supplied workwear.

Solid Gear Enforcer GTX The Solid Gear Enforcer GTX work trainer is deﬁnitely a 'go-to' footwear choice for electricians that work in domestic and commercial installations as it offers extreme comfort and is ﬂexible enough when crouching down in small cupboard or loft spaces too. The Gortex coating makes this footwear perfect for wet days on-site, allowing you to walk through (most) puddles without your feet getting wet. The Enforcer GTX also has the bonus of a BOA system, so rather than having to tie up and then undo laces, it's as quick as two twists of the wrist to put on or remove your shoes. The composite toe cap also makes the Enforcer GTX ultra-lightweight, minimising unnecessary physical exertion and ensuring you don’t feel as worn down at the end of the working day. It did take around 10 days for Enforcer GTX to form to my feet but good quality footwear does take a bit of time to wear in.

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Snickers 6241 AllRoundWork trousers If you ﬁnd that your current work trousers are a bit stuffy or not too forgiving of where your body naturally bends, these AllRoundWork trousers are for you. Indeed, I've tried many different brands of trousers in the past that will do the job of being resistant to a tough working day but at the same time they can feel like you're in an uncomfortable pair of suit trousers. Instead, the Snickers AllRoundWork trousers with 4-way stretch material feel like you’re wearing a pair of lounge trousers while featuring all of the protection you require against different hazards on the job. Snickers has even redeveloped the pockets on its latest trousers so they can accommodate the various units on offer from Hultafors Tools, such marking pencils or pocket knives.

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Snickers D30 knee pads Unlike previous knee pads I've used in the past, the D30 knee pads maintain their shape without relying on the trouser to hold them in position. They also sit over your knees comfortably, protecting them while you work. VIEW THE ONLINE SNICKERS PRODUCT GUIDE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED044

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Two lucky souls from PE 's product testing team get the chance to try out the Rhino Products PipeTube Pro van storage unit.

'll be honest and admit that I've been looking to get my hands on a PipeTube Pro from Rhino Products for a while now, so I was thrilled to have the opportunity to take it on trial for this review. I should start by saying that the PipeTube Pro is unlike any of the other van tubes I've used over the years as it's lined to minimise discolouring to conduit and trunking. I'm sure many of your reading this will be familiar with the feeling that you've completely wasted materials when you leave trunking or conduit in your van tube over time, only for it to become discoloured. A refreshing change To that end, I've had two lengths of white conduit and two lengths of trunking in the Rhino PipeTube Pro for over six weeks and none have discoloured or scratched during this time. Over the past few weeks, I lost count of the times I’ve been on site and have either needed extra materials or one of my colleagues has needed extra conduit or trunking. It has been so refreshing to be able to go to the van and take out the

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A PIPE’s DREAM leave their van tube open and then drive off, either losing the materials or, worse still, causing an accident. The PipeTube Pro’s locking mechanism only allows you to remove the key if the lock is closed so you're less likely to drive off with the tube open.

materials required without having to rummage through everything to find a 1m off-cut of trunking or conduit. Instead, I can carry spare trunking, conduit or oval tube as required. The PipeTube Pro's sleek look and design includes a new nose cone, which is perfect for any colour or size of van and it doesn’t look out of place with the new grey powder coated finish. Because the nose cone incorporates the locking mechanism, you no longer have either a clasp (which can snap off) or a padlock (which can hang down and either rattle or rust). The locking mechanism also benefits those who are forgetful (like me), who may

PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

Matching locks The product also has the added benefit of matching locks on the front and back of the unit, so you only need the one key to open either end. The dual opening also comes in handy if you've parked in an awkward place, as you can still get your conduit and trunking out of the front/back of the tube. Unlike other competitor products I've tried before, the PipeTube Pro's mounting brackets have an easy fit plastic cover over them to minimise rusting and to maximise the life of the product. This also means that if you own a fleet vehicle you can easily remove the tube at the end of your vehicle lease and not have to cut the bolts off to do so. Steve Hewish, Approved Electrician, Turrell EC

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“IT'S AS MUCH OF A 'PRO' AS THE NAME SUGGESTS” Size isn’t everything when we’re talking roof tubes. Rhino’s latest offering, the PipeTube Pro, is the standard 3m length and features dual openings so you can quite easily fit all your common lengthy building materials in it, such as copper pipe and PVC/galvanised conduit. However, this thing is also 'girthy'. It can fit an impressive 66 x 15mm tubes in the unlined or 59 x 15mm tubes in the lined version, which means it’s also useful for carrying 3m lengths of timber, up to 50kg payload, while still leaving you plenty of space. When you compare this to some market competitors it is nearly double the capacity while also offering greater flexibility with what you can store inside it. Straightforward installation Those who have a roof rack with a full width ladder roll bar on the back may find they will need to mount the PipeTube Pro slightly further back to allow enough clearance for the hinged opening to move freely. This doesn't impair its use, however. I was testing the product on a 2016 Vauxhall Vivaro SWB with a competitor's triple roof bars, wind deflector and ladder roll bar. The fixing kit supplied is relatively universal, but it’s worth checking compatibility before purchasing. When you've figured out which spacer bracket

will ﬁt your roof bar best, installation is a quick and straightforward task. Strong metal brackets are covered with clip-on plastic covers which not only look aesthetically pleasing, but help protect the brackets from corrosion. An optional full length PVC lining is also available, and this came pre-fitted to the unit I tested. It acts as a barrier between the uncoated aluminium inside of the tube and your pipes to prevent a surface reaction and keep your pipes and tubes looking new for every job. It certainly seems to help.

No compromising Rubber O-rings on sturdy hinged openings and integrated locks in the twin bulkheads supplied with two keys all help to keep your cargo secure and dry, even on those special occasions when the van gets the pressure washer treatment. Despite its increased size there's no noticeable wind noise and fuel efficiency doesn’t seem to be signiﬁcantly compromised thanks to the aerodynamic design that can be ﬁtted either way. There's no denying this is a solid piece of kit that feels as one with the rest of the vehicle chassis and looks every bit the 'Pro' that its name suggests. Howard Mitchell, Owner, H M Property Services

GET MORE DETAILS ABOUT THE RHINO PRODUCTS PIPETUBE PRO AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED045

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PRODUCTS & BUSINESS SOLUTIONS

ANYONE FOR

TEA?

“Would you like a brew?” For the humble trades professional, those words can sound like they're sent from heaven. But, what if you had the capacity to make your own on-site? Norman Bradshaw gets the opportunity to do exactly that, as he tries out the Builder's Tea Box.

ver the past 12-14 months, and with the restrictions placed on professionals and clients, a nice customer-made cup of tea has been in short supply. As such, the Builder's Tea Box seems to have arrived at the opportune time. So, what is it? As the name suggests, it's a portable tea/coffee making kit which comprises of a kettle, two cups, two storage containers, a spoon and a rather smart case to carry them all in, so that you can make your own brew while you're at work. Inside the sturdy case you get a 230V 3 pin cordless kettle which utilises a 600W motor and can boil up to 600ml of water in around ﬁve minutes. Although this seems like a longer boiling time in comparison to a kettle you might use at home, it's not really about the speed but rather about giving you a nice brew in a decent time. The two cups are made of enamel and look very expensive and stylish. This did cause an issue initially as the ﬁrst time I made a drink it was a bit weak as I wasn't used to making a drink in a dark cup (so took the tea bag out too early). After a bit of practice, this ceased to become an issue.

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Each item has 'Builder's Tea Box' emblazoned on it (so no one is going to run off with your kit) and the two enamel containers can be used to hold tea bags, coffee or, as I prefer, a few nice biscuits. The stay-fresh lids really do keep the contents fresh while the whole set comes in a purpose-made carrying case complete with detachable shoulder strap. There's also some scope for the kits to come in other combination sets in the future. For example, this set doesn't include anywhere to put some milk so the addition of a small jar or space in the bag to put a small container of liquid would be a nice development. I feel that with the current climate we're facing in the construction industry, more contractors will be choosing to make their own tea in the future. As such, investing in the Builder's Tea Box really does beat taking a ﬂask to work and allows you to have your hot drink when you want it, the way you like it. GET MORE DETAILS ON THE BUILDER'S TEA BOX AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED046

PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

“THE TIMING WAS PERFECT” I absolutely love tea, and when it’s a cold day on-site a cup of tea feels like luxury. You can imagine my joy when I was asked if I was interested in trialling a cordless brew kit. I’ve always been a travelling tradey, and the cafe has regularly been my sanctuary. Freshly cooked food, on a plate, at a table, with a cup of tea has become something of a fantasy over this last year. So the timing was perfect, the weather was cold, I was frequently driving in the snow and combined with the inconvenience of lockdown, being able to make a tea with the Builder's Tea Box was bliss. Steve Williams, Liss Electrical

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Products IN PRACTICE

Hamilton’s Hartland receives Court order Hamilton Litestat has supported the development of Bristol’s historic Redland Court, providing designer wiring accessories that create continuity between its period property restoration and its new-build properties. Set in picturesque parkland on the old site of Redland High Girls’ School, Juniper Homes has developed the area to create a collection of apartments and family townhouses, all providing high-specification living. The Bristol-based developer tasked its local electrical contractor, David Fear Electrical Contractors, to source decorative electrical wiring accessories that would create continuity throughout the development, being sympathetic to the restored Grade II listed buildings, while suiting the new contemporary homes. High quality manufacture and finishes were of the utmost importance throughout. Located in the South West, David Fear Electrical Contractors has worked with Bristol-based Hamilton with great success on multiple projects. Assured of the company’s high quality, flexible solutions, Hamilton’s Hartland designer switch plates and sockets were selected.

The Hartland collection has a slim, elegant and classic design, while soft round edges nod to the contemporary. It was speciﬁed in two ﬁnishes to complement the different building styles: antique brass plates with antique brass switches and black inserts for buildings with period features; satin steel plates with satin steel switches and white inserts for contemporary properties. With a vast range of functionality options, power was delivered via double switched sockets, with select sockets upgraded with dual USB 2.4A Ultra

100 September 2021 PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICIAN

charging outlets. Lighting is controlled with a mix of 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-gang LEDITB100 2-way dimmers. In kitchens, a 6-gang grid plate controls all the modern electricals. Counter-top lighting is controlled by Hamilton’s LEDIT-B100 2-way dimmer switches. Living room media plates feature TV/FM/2x SAT outlets, plus a 1-gang telephone slave. In bathrooms, the Hartland plate finish was co-ordinated with the shower and tap fittings. A dual voltage unswitched shaving socket provides safe power for electricals, while a 20A cable outlet has been installed for the towel rail. Matt West of David Fear Electrical Contractors, said: “The quality of Hamilton’s electrical wiring solutions is superb, and the flexibility of configurations and finishes means that we can always achieve the right functionality and style for a project – it’s why we continue to work with the brand. The solutions are straightforward to install and provide fantastic quality at a competitive price.” VIEW HAMILTON LITESTAT'S ONLINE CATALOGUE AT: WWW.RDR.LINK/ED047

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