BIRTH by Nurhamizah Izyan by hamizahizyan

BIRTH

BY Nurhamizah Izyan Binti Mohd Redza 0323703

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TABLE OF CON-

TENTS BIRTH 4 OF 230

TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 01 SITUATIONS & SCENARIOS Introduction Issue Statement Trends (Data) Hypothesis Ideals Chapter 02 PROJECT BACKGROUND Project Introduction Client's Vision & Objective User Demography Project Mechanism Programming Activities Project Identity/Branding Chapter 03 ANALYSIS Precedent Studies Site / Context Criteria Potential Sites Site Analysis Literature Review Self Exploration Chapter 04 DESIGN BRIEF Summary & Recommendation Detailed Design Brief Chapter 05 DESIGN EXPLORATION Design Development (Preliminary Design) Design Development (Advanced Design) Design Development (Detailed Design) Special Studies Chapter 06 DESIGN SOLUTION Design Proposal Conclusion References Appendix

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01 CHAPTER

SITUATIONS & SCENARIOS

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INTRODUCTION

A Matter of Human Rights

Early pregnancy and parenthood are firmly connected to issues of human rights. A pregnant young lady who is compelled or compelled to leave school, for instance, is denied her entitlement to education. A young lady who is kept from getting contraception or reproductive health information is denied her entitlement to wellbeing. In the meantime, young ladies who are helpless will probably end up pregnant. In each locale of the world, including high-salary nation, young ladies who are poor, ineffectively instructed or living in provincial territories are at more serious danger of getting to be pregnant than the individuals who are wealthier, knowledgeable or urban. This is valid on a worldwide level, also: 95 percent of the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s bir ths to youths (young ladies matured 1519) occur in low-and center salary nations. Consistently, exactly 3 million young ladies in this age section fall back on perilous premature bir ths, taking a chance with their lives and wellbeing. Young ladies who need decisions and openings throughout everyday life, or who have constrained or no entrance to sexual and conceptive human services, will probably wind up pregnant. Young ladies constrained into child marriage, an infringement of their human rights, are additionally more prone to end up pregnant. In creating nations, nine out of 10 bir ths to immature young ladies happen inside a marriage or an association.

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INTRODUCTION

Health Consequences Pregnancy can lead to devastating health consequences for young ladies. Numerous teenagers are not yet physically prepared for pregnancy or labor, and are in this way more helpless against intricacies. Fur thermore, teenagers who wind up pregnant have a tendency to be from lower-salary family units, and many are healthfully drained, expanding the dangers related with pregnancy and childbearing. A huge number of teenagers pass on every year of makes related pregnancy and labor. Indeed, these are the main source of death among youthful young ladies, matured 15-19, all around. Medical issues are significantly more probable if a young lady winds up pregnant too early subsequent to achieving pubescence. In lowand center salary nations, the danger of maternal demise for young ladies under age 15 is higher than for ladies in their twenties. These young ladies likewise confront wellbeing dangers, for example, obstetric fistula, and their children confront more serious dangers also.

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INTRODUCTION

Effects on Education & Income Teenage pregnancy takes a huge toll on a young lady’s education and salary gaining potential. Numerous young ladies who end up pregnant are influenced or compelled to drop out of school. Young ladies not in school are additionally more prone to end up pregnant. Leaving school imperils a young lady’s future monetary prospects and bars her from different open doors throughout everyday life. By differentiation, young ladies who stay in school are better arranged for occupations, employments and life’s different advances. Instruction likewise brings their status up in their family units and networks, and gives them more say in choices that influence their lives. An informed young lady is more averse to go into a youngster marriage. She is additionally better ready to postpone childbearing, and will probably have a solid pregnancy, with better results for her future youngsters.

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INTRODUCTION

Teenage Pregnancy in Malaysia The pregnancy rate among Malaysian teenagers is alarming, with around 18,000 teenage pregnancies recorded in 2014, the Health Ministry revealed. Some of the reasons that attribute to the high number of cases in teenage pregnancies were the lack of awareness among these adolescents on proper family planning and no proper guidance from their elders. Pre-marital pregnancy amongst adolescents is a social issue that occurs without regard to culture, religion or social background. Despite Islam being a religion that prohibits premarital sex and one that does not legitimise pregnancies as a result of such intercourse, the reality is that many Muslim youths engage in sexual activities before being legally wed.

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Malaysia is a country that is no exception in facing this issue. In relation to this, a detailed study to determine the factors relating to premarital pregnancies is necessary to help form an intervention programme that may be specifically targeted at the community, namely young Muslim adolescents. This study will discuss the factors concerning Muslim youths and premarital pregnancy in a conservative Islamic state such as Malaysia. Studies found that among the contributing factors that cause young Muslim females to engage in unsafe premarital sex resulting in pregnancy are the parents, peer-influence, mass media and personal issues. Notably however, the study found that the primary factor was the lack of religiosity and religious practice among female Muslim adolescents, despite the effor ts of Islamisation in Malaysia to promote abstinence rather than safe sex.

“MALAYSIA IS A COUNTRY THAT IS NO EXCEPTION IN FACING THIS ISSUE.” -Wan Azizah Wan Ismail

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ISSUE STATEMENT

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ISSUE STATEMENT

Due to easy access to everything the world has to offer, any information that we seek is right at the tip of our fingers. A simple click on our laptop touchpads can lead us to a world of data abundance in a matter of seconds. But what we do not realise is that weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve become vulnerable and exposed to various types of danger because of the feasibility of accessing information via medium around us like the internet. With that in mind, our youths are eager to learn about the world and their surroundings by monitoring viral trends. This in turn makes them easily influenced by the culture shown on the internet. Although there are content filtering options provided by websites nowadays, the action can only do so much as there may be unwanted ads shown on the websites that users visit. This allows youths to be exposed to porn worldwide at a young age that fur ther influences them, resulting in deeper curiosity that indirectly encourages sexual activities amongst them. This will lead to some youths actually engaging in sexual activities before being legally wed, thus, resulting in cases of underaged and unwanted pregnancies in Malaysia which have evidently grown by leaps with a large number of cases repor ted every year.

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ISSUE STATEMENT

Although the awareness of the public has grown in terms of accepting something that used to be a taboo, there are still those who are unable to accept this as a commonplace in the society and refuse to associate with the victims that they presume to have disgraced themselves by being involved in the social problem at a very young age. Unfor tunately, majority of them is found to be from the Muslim community. Islam in its essence, teaches their followers to be compassionate and kind to others no matter what they believe in. It is devastating to witness how the society has chosen to turn their backs on these youths, who are merely seeking help, asking for forgiveness over a mistake they would regret for their whole lives. Thus, a centre for these minorities may be able to suppor t them. A centre that will allow these youths to understand the root of the issue and overcome the challenges of becoming a young parent with the help of a community organization that is compassionate and willing to bring them back to their religious teachings.

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TRENDS According to CCCN, the following are the causes of teenage pregnancy: poverty, broken home, separation of couples, single parent, death, peer pressure or influence, lust, religious beliefs, rape and sexual abuse, alcoholism and drug abuse, lack of knowledge, environmental influence, and pornography

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Family Planning Services Do Not Meet Current Global Needs

UN Data: Percentage of Women With Unmet Needs for Family Planning in Most Recent Estimate

Source: United Nations. www.un.org/esa/population/publications/contraceptive2011/wallchart_front.pdf. Accessed 29 September 2018

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TRENDS

Tremendous Variations by Region

Source: Singh et al, 2010

Most Unintended Pregnancies Worldwide Result in Unplanned Births or Abortions Outcomes of Unintended Pregnancies (n=86 million)

Source: Singh et al. Stud Fam Plann. 2010;41 (4):241-250

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Outcomes of Unintended Pregnancies: Unplanned births

Source: Gipson et al, 2008; Malacher et al, 2010

Reasons for Non-Use of Contraceptives

Source: Darroch et al, 2011

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HYPOTHESIS

A centre for these minorities may be able to support them. A centre that will allow these youths to understand the root of the issue and overcome the challenges of becoming a young parent with the help of a community organization that is compassionate and willing to bring them back to their religious teachings.

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HYPOTHESIS

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IDEALS The centre aims to provide a safe and welcoming environment for Muslim youths facing concerns about unwanted pregnancy. Facilities at the centre would feature a complete system that will care and guide Muslim youths through a wide scope of programmes related to unwanted pregnancies such as prenatal care, regular checkups, post-pregnancy treatments, childcare, parent guidance classes, morale support sessions with specialists and sex education to name a few. The centre will also be equipped with a team of dedicated people to monitor these youths by providing moral and psychological support as they go through the journey without any harm, the child and the society due to the hardships faced.

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Staying true to the Islamic teachings based on the Quran, we aim to help these youths find their way back to their faith, embracing the religion and share the teachings that were taught for centuries in hopes that they would find inner peace through Islam and learn how to survive in the real world by following the teachings of Islam that promote peace and compassion upon one another.

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Furthermore, an adoption centre will also be included to allow these youths to not be burdened by the heavy responsibilities following a strict and thorough procedure that will ensure that putting a child up for adoption is not looked upon easily and promote unwanted pregnancies unintentionally.

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02 CHAPTER

PROJECT BACKGROUND

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PROJECT INTRODUCTION A home for young mothers. Our community centre provides a family friendly environment that offers support to pregnant teenagers and guiding them to prepare for their new phase in life as mothers. Our centre is filled with the necessary facilities that will fully care for the young mothers including in house clinic, skill enhancement classes, nursery and many more.

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This space is intended to provide a safe and enclosed area for these Muslim girls to repent, reflect on their actions and provide physical, mental and spiritual support throughout the whole pregnancy journey. Once a girl becomes involved in unwanted pregnancy, she needs all the support she can get. Providing an environment for the Muslim girls to repent and provide mental support throughout the journey would be more helpful to the individual herself and also to the child. There would be many different kinds of activities and spaces to rehabilitate, an environment for the babies to grow and counselling sessions for the mother.

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CLIENTâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S VISION &

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CLIENT’S VISION & OBJECTIVE

CLIENT

Women’s Aid Organisation has been actively providing free shelter, counselling and crisis suppor t to women and children who experience abuse since 1982. The organisation aims to improve public policies and shift public mindsets from the negative outlook of the rape and abuse victims.

An independent, non-religious organisation based in Malaysia, committed to confronting violence, against women. WAO opened Malaysia’s first Women’s Refuge, providing shelter, counselling and child support to battered women. Vision Mission and philosophy To create a society that is free of violence against women. The fundamental belief of Women’s Aid Organisation (WAO) is that no one deserves to be battered. They believed that all human beings have the right to self determination and should have control over the conditions that shape their lives. Objective • To provide on request to women and their children suffering from mental, physical and sexual abuse, temporary refuge services that empower and enable them to determine their own future. • To offer emotional and social support to any women who request for it, resident or otherwise, and offer support and after-care. • To undertake and encourage research into any of the factors that contribute to the inequality and subordination of women. • To undertake and advocate with government and non- government organisations the eradication of factors that contribute to the inequality and subordination of women through law, policy and institutional reforms. • To create an awareness and better understanding among individuals, public and relevant agencies on the issues of violence against women and the underlying inequalities.

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CLIENTâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S VISION & OBJECTIVE

SUPPORTER

Raudhatus Sakinah as a center for youth protection and counseling has been set up by some women who feel the need to create a shelter for the missing girls. It is a full-time care center operated as one of the common charitable effor ts. The target group is the teenage daughter of Islam who is faced with social problems and requires guidance and protection. Raudhatus Sakinah is aware of the fact that misconceptions of malicious cases among Malaysian teenagers are increasingly increasingly among Muslim malay teenagers. With it he brought various social illnesses that eventually destroyed not only teenagers but also family institutions and communities.

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CLIENT’S VISION & OBJECTIVE

SUPPORTER

The Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development (Malay: Kementerian Pembangunan Wanita, Keluarga dan Masyarakat), abbreviated KPWKM, is a ministry of the Government of Malaysia responsible for social welfare: children, women, family, community, children, older people, destitute, homeless, disaster victim, disabled. The ministry determines the policies and direction to achieve the goals of gender equality, family development and a caring society in line with Malaysia’s commitment towards the United Nations’ Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women and the Beijing Declaration. As of 21 May 2018, the ministry is headed by the Minister, YAB Datuk Seri Wan Azizah Wan Ismail, who is also the Deputy Prime Minister. YB Puan Hannah Yeoh Tseow Suan currently serves as Deputy Minister.

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USER DEMOGRAPHY

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Pregnancy within this age group are inexperienced especially the great details that will ensure safe delivery of the baby and the mother which includes pregnancy care, necessary medications and tests, and pregnancy education. Fur thermore, being young at age makes them unable to build own career for financial suppor t due to being underaged or unqualified to apply for jobs. Those with low moral suppor t and lack of faith will fur ther bring harm to these teenage mothers thus here at BIRTH, we serve to provide care and suppor t for these young mothers. Being young at age makes them unable to build their own career for financial suppor t which will be difficult for single mothers to be especially when caring for an infant. Researches have shown how thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s been cases of these teenage mothers having to face various external challenges which includes unsuppor tive family members which will eventually cause low moral suppor t from and fragile and weak hold of faith

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MECHANISM

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PROGRAMMING

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PROGRAMMING

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PROGRAMMING

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PROGRAMMING

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ACTIVITIES

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ACTIVITIES

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PROJECT IDENTITY / BRANDING The name ‘BIRTH’ could be the start or the end to an individual.

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PROJECT IDENTITY / BRANDING

LOGO

TYPEFACE

GDP Light GDP Regular GDP Bold Butler Light BIRTH 56 OF 230

PROJECT IDENTITY / BRANDING

COLOR SCHEME

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03 CHAPTER

ANALYSIS

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PRECEDENT STUDIES

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PRECEDENT STUDY

ZAANS MEDICAL CENTRE, NETHERLANDS by: Mecanoo Zaans Medical Center is the first lean healing center in the Netherlands. It is a productive and conservative building in which proficient medicinal services and personal approach strengthen one another. Architecture, urbanism, landscape and interior are united in an intelligent structure. Clear directing, an abundance of light, and positive diversions add to a situation that does not feel like a clinic, but rather as a place that advances wellbeing.

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PRECEDENT STUDY

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PRECEDENT STUDY

Lean and future-proof The smar t lean design identifies five care processes: acute, elective, outpatient, clinic, and diagnostics. The clear stacking of two floors of outpatient clinics, two floors of clinical depar tments and a flexible facility layer between them, optimally serves these primary care processes. All depar tments are designed to prevent any form of waste. Whenever possible, the outpatient clinics and nursing depar tments are standardised, allowing for exchangeability and adaptability. The Zaans Medical Centre is therefore flexible and future-proof.

Positive distractions The patient experience played a crucial role in the design process. Positive distractions can reduce the stress of a hospital visit and advance recovery. The spacious multi-storey lobby has the feel of a welcoming public building. Semi-circular voids and skylights, the use of wood, bright colours, good acoustics and unobstructed views of the surroundings provide a pleasant atmosphere. All hospital wards can be accessed from an internal street with many sheltered waiting areas. At either end of the street is a landscaped cour tyard. Hand-drawn illustrations on walls, glazed par titions, and lifts refer to the industrial heritage of the Zaan region. A special spiral slide offers children an adventurous way to travel between levels.

Health district Adjacent to the Zaans Medical Centre lies a health boulevard with a rehabilitation hotel, a pharmacy, eye clinic, various shops, a supermarket and a parking garage, designed to function as a small town. The smar t combination of the medical centre and related healthcare services results in a health district for Zaandam and the region. The hospital was developed by the Zaans Medical Centre and Vitaal ZorgVast, and constructed by BAM, within time and budget. SILO Agency designed the illustrations and environmental graphics. The building is BREEAM Very Good cer tified.

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PRECEDENT STUDY

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PRECEDENT STUDY

A WARM CLINIC

by: RIGI Design

Dental clinic is not a happy place to go, or we should say, no clinic could make people feel happy: the cold registration desk, the worrisome waiting chairs and the disturbing doors of the clinic rooms; the whole space is filled with a sense of distrust between doctors and patients. However, from spiritual aspect, clinic should be a place which brings hope, or at least should be a warm space. It might not be a delightful thing to go to the dentist, so RIGI does some magic to this space through design, bringing it some kind of warmth and caring.

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PRECEDENT STUDY

The brand logo and brand IP image of this clinic is orange. So circle penetrates the whole design as basic element, and wood material and the match of selected colors deliver a warm texture sensually. The space consists of four areas: entrance, kids area, waiting area and clinic. Besides its basic function, each of the areas has its corresponding design insight, and together, these four areas make up the genes of this dental brand and turn the cold medical space into a life terminal which connects to people and spreads warmth and caring.

The special nature of this industry determines that this space needs no use of eye-catching signs to attract customers, and a friendly faรงade could narrow the sense of distance between medical space and the patients. Thus, RIGI adopts a design strategy of weakening the boundary between outdoor and indoor space through using plants on the faรงade to connect the outdoor and indoor space, and simplifies the scale of the logo on the wall to avoid delivering excessive commercial atmosphere. The faรงade extends to the interior space through circle, an element from the IP image, and interesting materials are used to create a warm commercial atmosphere. The design of the front desk also tries to present an attitude of relaxed and equal. Star ting from the entrance, people could tell this is a friendly space and a warm clinic. BIRTH 70 OF 230

PRECEDENT STUDY

When people see the rows of doorplates such as dental implant depar tment and radiology depar tment, to some extent, a sense of discomfor t and anxiety will grow. RIGI cancels all the logos and adds text signs with readable dimensions on the glass of corridors while doing the design. The issue of spatial recognition chaos does not exist in a clinic of this size. RIGI also uses signs of numbers to connect the corridor and depar tments. Different numbers on the floor mark different functional spaces. To eliminate in maximum the uneasy and anxiety of seeing a doctor is the key point of RIGIâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s design. Waiting chairs in traditional hospitals are arranged in a parallel way and in orders. However, it is this sense of order that enhances the unease of patients. After all, what waiting for you is a terrible experience of seeing a dentist; it is anything but nothing good to be looking forward. So we make the layout of the waiting area looks like a dinner table. Here people can sit face to face; they could communicate with each other or wait quietly. In this way, this waiting process is equal and random during which patients could feel the temperament of the space. BIRTH 71 OF 230

PRECEDENT STUDY

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PRECEDENT STUDY

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PRECEDENT STUDY

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PRECEDENT STUDY

SCHOOL OF HOPE Malacca, Malaysia

In attempt to curb the rising numbers of abandoned infants in mostly-Muslim Malaysia, a school dedicated to educate pregnant teens has opened under the name of “Sekolah Harapan, Rumah Harapan,” or “School of Hope, House of Hope,” a first of its kind in the country. The school, which has opened in Malaysia’s historical southern state of Malacca, is hopeful that providing education will help young women overcome the stigma of becoming pregnant before marriage. What it also promises is medical check-ups, religious counseling, privacy, and anonymity to young women.

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PRECEDENT STUDY

SITE LOCATION: Jasin, Melaka.

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PRECEDENT STUDY

PROGRAM

SKILLS TRAINING

COUNSELLING

ACADEMIC LEARNING

POSTNATAL CARE

SPACE USER

SERVICES AND FACILITIES

TEACHERS

ACCOMMODATION FACILITIES

FREE EDUCATION TEEN MOMS

NURSING STAFF ADMINISTRATION

BABIES

MATERNITY AND DELIVERY CARE

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SITE | BUILDING CRITERIA

SITE / CONTEXT SELECTION

SITE CRITERIA

The centre should be able to accommodate enough space for the members and ensure to provide their own space for privacy as the members are muslim females and protecting the aurat is impor tant for the members. As the suggested based on the characteristics of the siteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s natural environment, a space that serves a calm and serene ambience would be beneficial for spiritual connection with God to repent and to provide optimum privacy to its occupants.. As for the materiality of the spaces, some space are required to follow the medical standards of hygiene such as the baby hatch room and clinic.

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SITE / CONTEXT SELECTION

BUILDING CRITERIA

Positive distraction is impor tant in a centre because positive distractions can reduce the stress of a hospital visit and advance recovery. Daylight and natural lighting is also essential for people to per form better. The building has to be sustainable. This is to help reduce pressure for natural resources. This centre has to be secured with top security to provide feeling of protectiveness to the members. Spaciousness and ease of circulation is impor tant in order for everyone to feel comfor table with the flow of space and wayfinding.

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POTENTIAL SITE

The Spastic Childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Association of Selangor & Federal Territory

Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.

SITE INTRODUCTION SCASFT is a one-stop centre which provides a complete range of services for person with Cerebral Palsy. Patients are admitted as young as possible, as soon as they are diagnosed to have cerebral palsy. The centre has no exit age & will be provides services throughout their life. The range of services provided include physiotherapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy, hydrotherapy, hippotherapy, ar ts, handicraft, special education, recreational and competitive spor ts (up to Paralympics), music therapy, dancing, cooking, independent living skills, vocational training and sheltered workshops.

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POTENTIAL SITE

SCASFT is considered as a potential site due to it’s strategic location and it’s building capacity. The entrance to the building is not obvious and can be confusing, but still connected to the main road. There are many rooms and facilities within the building which is the most suitable site considering my proposed programming sqft.

SITE CRITERIA

BUILDING CRITERIA

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POTENTIAL SITE

Kuala Lumpur Performing Arts Centre (KLPAC)

Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, Sentul, KL.

SITE INTRODUCTION The Kuala Lumpur Per forming Ar ts Centre in Sentul Park, Kuala Lumpur is one of the established per forming ar t centers in Malaysia. It is a non-profit company, aims to cultivate and sustain the per forming ar ts for the Malaysian. KLPac is the home for KLPac Orchestra, founded in 2006.

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POTENTIAL SITE

KLPAC is chosen as the second potential site for its spatial advantages. There is a lot of advantages for renovation works to accommodate all the spaces from my proposed programming inside.

SITE CRITERIA

BUILDING CRITERIA

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POTENTIAL SITE

Carcosa Seri Negara

Persiaran Tengku Jaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;afar, KL.

SITE INTRODUCTION The Carcosa Seri Negara is known as a luxurious hotel which was originally built in 1904. Back in those days, this hotel was built as an official residence for the highest British representative to the Malay states. It is located in the lush landscapes of the Lake Gardens at the district of Kuala Lumpur.

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POTENTIAL SITE

Carcosa Seri Negara was chosen as the third potential site due to its strategic location and massive land space. This building gave a feeling of having a home which is ideal for the girls. There are many rooms within the building and a lot of greenery surrounding the building.

SITE CRITERIA

BUILDING CRITERIA

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POTENTIAL SITE

Twinkle Villa

Janda Baik, Pahang.

SITE INTRODUCTION Twinkle Villa is located atop a 735 metre (2,400 ft.) high, forested ridge at Tanarimba in Janda Baik. The owner is China-born Teng Choon Kwang. The house is a studied composition of lines and edges â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a gravity-defying C-shaped box of volume perched lightly on top of natural slope. The villa converse eloquently with the idyllic forest and responds climatically to the setting despite its brutal outlook. Hard on the external appearance, it transforms and opens up dramatically towards the woodlands while unravelling the charming and delightful ambience of a retreat within.

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POTENTIAL SITE

SITE IMAGES

SITE CRITERIA

BUILDING CRITERIA

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SITE ANALYSIS

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SELECTED SITE

Precinct 11 Nursery

Precinct 11, Putrajaya.

SITE INTRODUCTION The P11 nursery are situated in the hear t of Putrajaya’s suburban residential neighbourhood. The P11 Nursery site is adjacent to residential units in Presint 11. This building provide facilities for over 200 children, between the ages of one to four. The design concept of these nurseries stemmed from the need to cultivate a nur turing environment for children to learn, play, and grow. Recognising the impor tant of a learning facility during a child’s formative years, the nurseries are divided into several blocks–classrooms, infant care, canteen, administration, and a multi-purpose hall. These spaces are linked with both covered and internal corridors and feature a central cour tyard. Both nurseries are designed from a child’s point of view, ensuring that all services remain accessible and within reach at a lower height. BIRTH 94 OF 230

JUSTIFICATION OF SITE

Precinct 11 Nursery building was selected as the final site for BIRTH project. The primary factor for the succession of its candidacy is its main design language of the overall structure itself. The design language of the building is round and curvelinear, which complements BIRTH as it emphasizes on soft approach and not rigid and structural.

SITE CRITERIA

BUILDING CRITERIA

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SITE HISTORY PUTRAJAYA, MALAYSIA Putrajaya is Malaysiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s third and latest federal territory. Built on an expensive marshland and former oil palm estate in Selnagor, the city spans an area of almost 5,000 hectares and lies 25km from Kuala Lumpur. Putrajaya takes over the administrative functions of the capital city Kuala Lumpur and is par t of the multimedia super corridor project of the Malaysian government. Much organisation and planning have gone into the development of Putrajaya as a modern city with the latest communication technologies and progressive infrastructure.

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PSYCHO GEOGRAPHY In Putrajaya, EVERYTHING is new â&#x20AC;&#x201C; buildings, facilities, concept of development and migrants. One thing is not new though â&#x20AC;&#x201C; complaints. Like any other town, Putrajaya has its parking woes, expensive food and high rental. The perception that Putrajaya is a civil service town is another problem. The crime rate is relatively low, and confined mainly to house break-ins and drug addiction.

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MACRO MAP There are several amenities that compliments and contributes the needs for the centre such as hospital/clinics, schools, greenery and residential houses.

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HIGH SCHOOL

RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

CONSTRUCTION SITE

CIVIL SERVANT FLATS

HIGH SCHOOL RESIDENTIAL HOUSES HOSPITAL PUTRAJAYA

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MICRO MAP BIRTH 103 OF 230

SURROUNDING VIEWS

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SURROUNDING BUILDINGS

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BUILDING ANALYSIS

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SOCIAL & CULTURAL STUDIES Putrajaya is densely populated with both Malay and Chinese race. Majority of the patrons at the vicinity of the site are malay workers, residents and high school students. However the Chinese are mostly spotted nearby commercial areas. All in all, there were not many people to spot during the day as the area is secluded during the day.

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AS-BUILT DRAWINGS

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SITE MODEL

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SITE FORCES

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LITERATURE REVIEW

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LITERATURE REVIEW

VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE ‘SAYANGKU’ (MYLOVE) IN INTERVENTION FOR ADDRESSING ADOLESCENTS INVOLVED IN FREE SEX

LITERATURE REVIEW I

Illustration of Concept/Workflow Ghani, F., Latif, A., Aziz, A. and Khan, A. (2014). Validity and Reliability Analysis of the ‘SayangKU’ (MyLove) in Intervention for Addressing Adolescents Involved in Free Sex. Journal of Religion and Health, 54(4), pp.1375-1386.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

Studies carried out in universities in Malaysia has indicated that teen pregnancy is becoming more alarming in the country (Ghani, 2014). Teenage pregnancy has become a problem even in the 70s where an ar ticle was published in the International Family Planning Digest (1976), discussing the worldwide teenage pregnancy epidemic stating that there should be “positive educational and family planning service programs that encourage responsible sexual behaviour and designed to meet the various needs of young people of different ages.” “Adolescents are the nation’s human capital and are therefore integral to the country’s assets“ (Ghani et al., 2014). Thus, more institutes and government bodies should address the matter and create more effective programmes that can address the problem effectively.

STAGE ONE PROCESS: LOVE OF GOD (ALLAH) This submodule stresses the principles of faith in and love toward God. The aims are to enhance the belief that only God is the Almighty, while other creatures are powerless, and to reinforce faith that the success of humans is dependant on the extent to which they obey the command of the almighty Allah.

STAGE TWO PROCESS: LOVE OF THE PROPHET This module emphasizes love for the Prophet by instilling faith that performing the Sunnah (practice) of the Prophet can lead to success in the world and in the afterlife. The aim of this module is to instill love for and obedience to the Prophet, and this is achieved through tales of the Prophet’s sacrifices and character.

STAGE THREE PROCESS: LOVE OF ONESELF In this submodule, the value of knowledge and worship to generate an environment conductive for the teaching and learning of religion is discussed. This environment creates a propensity for implementation of religious practice. The aims of this submodule are to discover and learn the commandments of God and to increase enthusiasm for worship through performing prayers, seeking-knowledge, and reciting dhikr and Al-Quran

STAGE FOUR PROCESS: LOVE OF THE UMMAH (NATION) This module uses loving and tactful preaching to inculcate the value of interaction (muamalah) and camaraderie (muasyarah) in developing an honorable environment among fellow Muslims. The aims of the submodule are to nurture good character, namely traits of mutual respect and love, and to promote dignified and considerate relations between people.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

PROGRAMMING Phase 1

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Phase 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

Phase 3

Phase 4

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LITERATURE REVIEW

A REVIEW OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY RESEARCH IN MALAYSIA

LITERATURE REVIEW 2

Idea/Argument/Discussion Mohd Suan, M. A., Ismail, A. H. and Haliza, G. (2015). A review of teenage pregnancy research in Malaysia. The Medical Journal of Malaysia. 70(4). pp. 214-219.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

“Teen pregnancy is defined as any pregnancy occurring among adolescent girls aged 19 years or younger” as quoted from Mohd Suan (2015). It is found that there are more than 19,000 bir ths by teenage mothers recorded each year between 2009 and 2011 (Mohd Suan,2015). And from this statistics, adolescent fer tility rates were recorded at 6 bir ths per 1000 women ages 15–19 years in 2013. Many of these bir ths were from unwed pregnancies, which accounted for 1.99% of total deliveries in the same year. Pregnancy carries higher risks among women aged 15-19 years compared to fully grown adults as pregnancy-related mor tality is doubled among women in the mentioned age group compared with a woman in their 20s.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PREGNANCY AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN LOW-INCOME AND LOWER MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.

LITERATURE REVIEW 3

Idea/Argument/Discussion Pradhan, R., Wynter, K. and Fisher, J. (2015). Factors associated with pregnancy among adolescents in low-income and lower middle-income countries: a systematic review. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 69(9), pp.918-924.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

Adolescents that give bir th face adverse and and challenging social consequences in the society. Especially unmarried teenage mothers face additional social consequences that can be overwhelming, with out-of-wedlock pregnancy leading to “clandestine and hazardous abor tion, suicide or child abandonment or placement in overcrowded and poorly equipped orphanages” as quoted by conferees discussing the matter. Fur thermore, “it inter feres with attending school and completing their education thus making them economically dependent on their families in the long term” (Pradhan, Wynter and Fisher, 2015) as they are entering parenthood at a very young age. Adolescent pregnancy outside marriage is associated with stigma and shame in many cultures, not only for the young woman, but also for her family (Pradhan, Wynter and Fisher, 2015).

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SELF EXPLORATION

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SELF EXPLORATION

Visit and Interview at Bliss Confinement Centre Puchong, Selangor.

INTRODUCTION Bliss Confinement and Retreat is a modern facility that is thoughtfully designed to accommodate the needs of modern mothers. Gone are the days where a motherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s recovery is based on hear-say and superstition. Postpar tum Confinement need not be a stressful and traumatic experience. At Bliss Confinement Centre, ther are dedicated to provide the most enjoyable, safe, healthy and comfor table confinement period to mummies.

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Entering Bliss Confinement and Retreat, I was welcomed by the staff by the reception. The interior was decorated nicely and it was very spacious. The ground floor was double volume.

At the ground floor, there is a designated space for events and enter tainment for the ladies. There will also be occasional talks and celebrations held at this space.

The confinement centre has its own massage room for the ladies to pamper themselves. Their in-house masseuse is very well trained for post-natal massages.

Every standard bedroom in the centre has its own Queen size bed, dressing table and personal toilet for privacy and comfor t purposes. However for VVIP rooms, there are more facilities provided.

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INTERVIEW

MR CALVIN