BIRTH
BY Nurhamizah Izyan Binti Mohd Redza 0323703
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TABLE OF CON-
TENTS BIRTH 4 OF 230
TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 01 SITUATIONS & SCENARIOS Introduction Issue Statement Trends (Data) Hypothesis Ideals Chapter 02 PROJECT BACKGROUND Project Introduction Client's Vision & Objective User Demography Project Mechanism Programming Activities Project Identity/Branding Chapter 03 ANALYSIS Precedent Studies Site / Context Criteria Potential Sites Site Analysis Literature Review Self Exploration Chapter 04 DESIGN BRIEF Summary & Recommendation Detailed Design Brief Chapter 05 DESIGN EXPLORATION Design Development (Preliminary Design) Design Development (Advanced Design) Design Development (Detailed Design) Special Studies Chapter 06 DESIGN SOLUTION Design Proposal Conclusion References Appendix
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01 CHAPTER
SITUATIONS & SCENARIOS
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INTRODUCTION
A Matter of Human Rights
Early pregnancy and parenthood are firmly connected to issues of human rights. A pregnant young lady who is compelled or compelled to leave school, for instance, is denied her entitlement to education. A young lady who is kept from getting contraception or reproductive health information is denied her entitlement to wellbeing. In the meantime, young ladies who are helpless will probably end up pregnant. In each locale of the world, including high-salary nation, young ladies who are poor, ineffectively instructed or living in provincial territories are at more serious danger of getting to be pregnant than the individuals who are wealthier, knowledgeable or urban. This is valid on a worldwide level, also: 95 percent of the world’s bir ths to youths (young ladies matured 1519) occur in low-and center salary nations. Consistently, exactly 3 million young ladies in this age section fall back on perilous premature bir ths, taking a chance with their lives and wellbeing. Young ladies who need decisions and openings throughout everyday life, or who have constrained or no entrance to sexual and conceptive human services, will probably wind up pregnant. Young ladies constrained into child marriage, an infringement of their human rights, are additionally more prone to end up pregnant. In creating nations, nine out of 10 bir ths to immature young ladies happen inside a marriage or an association.
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INTRODUCTION
Health Consequences Pregnancy can lead to devastating health consequences for young ladies. Numerous teenagers are not yet physically prepared for pregnancy or labor, and are in this way more helpless against intricacies. Fur thermore, teenagers who wind up pregnant have a tendency to be from lower-salary family units, and many are healthfully drained, expanding the dangers related with pregnancy and childbearing. A huge number of teenagers pass on every year of makes related pregnancy and labor. Indeed, these are the main source of death among youthful young ladies, matured 15-19, all around. Medical issues are significantly more probable if a young lady winds up pregnant too early subsequent to achieving pubescence. In lowand center salary nations, the danger of maternal demise for young ladies under age 15 is higher than for ladies in their twenties. These young ladies likewise confront wellbeing dangers, for example, obstetric fistula, and their children confront more serious dangers also.
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INTRODUCTION
Effects on Education & Income Teenage pregnancy takes a huge toll on a young lady’s education and salary gaining potential. Numerous young ladies who end up pregnant are influenced or compelled to drop out of school. Young ladies not in school are additionally more prone to end up pregnant. Leaving school imperils a young lady’s future monetary prospects and bars her from different open doors throughout everyday life. By differentiation, young ladies who stay in school are better arranged for occupations, employments and life’s different advances. Instruction likewise brings their status up in their family units and networks, and gives them more say in choices that influence their lives. An informed young lady is more averse to go into a youngster marriage. She is additionally better ready to postpone childbearing, and will probably have a solid pregnancy, with better results for her future youngsters.
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INTRODUCTION
Teenage Pregnancy in Malaysia The pregnancy rate among Malaysian teenagers is alarming, with around 18,000 teenage pregnancies recorded in 2014, the Health Ministry revealed. Some of the reasons that attribute to the high number of cases in teenage pregnancies were the lack of awareness among these adolescents on proper family planning and no proper guidance from their elders. Pre-marital pregnancy amongst adolescents is a social issue that occurs without regard to culture, religion or social background. Despite Islam being a religion that prohibits premarital sex and one that does not legitimise pregnancies as a result of such intercourse, the reality is that many Muslim youths engage in sexual activities before being legally wed.
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Malaysia is a country that is no exception in facing this issue. In relation to this, a detailed study to determine the factors relating to premarital pregnancies is necessary to help form an intervention programme that may be specifically targeted at the community, namely young Muslim adolescents. This study will discuss the factors concerning Muslim youths and premarital pregnancy in a conservative Islamic state such as Malaysia. Studies found that among the contributing factors that cause young Muslim females to engage in unsafe premarital sex resulting in pregnancy are the parents, peer-influence, mass media and personal issues. Notably however, the study found that the primary factor was the lack of religiosity and religious practice among female Muslim adolescents, despite the effor ts of Islamisation in Malaysia to promote abstinence rather than safe sex.
“MALAYSIA IS A COUNTRY THAT IS NO EXCEPTION IN FACING THIS ISSUE.” -Wan Azizah Wan Ismail
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ISSUE STATEMENT
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ISSUE STATEMENT
Due to easy access to everything the world has to offer, any information that we seek is right at the tip of our fingers. A simple click on our laptop touchpads can lead us to a world of data abundance in a matter of seconds. But what we do not realise is that we’ve become vulnerable and exposed to various types of danger because of the feasibility of accessing information via medium around us like the internet. With that in mind, our youths are eager to learn about the world and their surroundings by monitoring viral trends. This in turn makes them easily influenced by the culture shown on the internet. Although there are content filtering options provided by websites nowadays, the action can only do so much as there may be unwanted ads shown on the websites that users visit. This allows youths to be exposed to porn worldwide at a young age that fur ther influences them, resulting in deeper curiosity that indirectly encourages sexual activities amongst them. This will lead to some youths actually engaging in sexual activities before being legally wed, thus, resulting in cases of underaged and unwanted pregnancies in Malaysia which have evidently grown by leaps with a large number of cases repor ted every year.
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ISSUE STATEMENT
Although the awareness of the public has grown in terms of accepting something that used to be a taboo, there are still those who are unable to accept this as a commonplace in the society and refuse to associate with the victims that they presume to have disgraced themselves by being involved in the social problem at a very young age. Unfor tunately, majority of them is found to be from the Muslim community. Islam in its essence, teaches their followers to be compassionate and kind to others no matter what they believe in. It is devastating to witness how the society has chosen to turn their backs on these youths, who are merely seeking help, asking for forgiveness over a mistake they would regret for their whole lives. Thus, a centre for these minorities may be able to suppor t them. A centre that will allow these youths to understand the root of the issue and overcome the challenges of becoming a young parent with the help of a community organization that is compassionate and willing to bring them back to their religious teachings.
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TRENDS According to CCCN, the following are the causes of teenage pregnancy: poverty, broken home, separation of couples, single parent, death, peer pressure or influence, lust, religious beliefs, rape and sexual abuse, alcoholism and drug abuse, lack of knowledge, environmental influence, and pornography
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Family Planning Services Do Not Meet Current Global Needs
UN Data: Percentage of Women With Unmet Needs for Family Planning in Most Recent Estimate
Source: United Nations. www.un.org/esa/population/publications/contraceptive2011/wallchart_front.pdf. Accessed 29 September 2018
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TRENDS
Tremendous Variations by Region
Source: Singh et al, 2010
Most Unintended Pregnancies Worldwide Result in Unplanned Births or Abortions Outcomes of Unintended Pregnancies (n=86 million)
Source: Singh et al. Stud Fam Plann. 2010;41 (4):241-250
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Outcomes of Unintended Pregnancies: Unplanned births
Source: Gipson et al, 2008; Malacher et al, 2010
Reasons for Non-Use of Contraceptives
Source: Darroch et al, 2011
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HYPOTHESIS
A centre for these minorities may be able to support them. A centre that will allow these youths to understand the root of the issue and overcome the challenges of becoming a young parent with the help of a community organization that is compassionate and willing to bring them back to their religious teachings.
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HYPOTHESIS
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IDEALS The centre aims to provide a safe and welcoming environment for Muslim youths facing concerns about unwanted pregnancy. Facilities at the centre would feature a complete system that will care and guide Muslim youths through a wide scope of programmes related to unwanted pregnancies such as prenatal care, regular checkups, post-pregnancy treatments, childcare, parent guidance classes, morale support sessions with specialists and sex education to name a few. The centre will also be equipped with a team of dedicated people to monitor these youths by providing moral and psychological support as they go through the journey without any harm, the child and the society due to the hardships faced.
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Staying true to the Islamic teachings based on the Quran, we aim to help these youths find their way back to their faith, embracing the religion and share the teachings that were taught for centuries in hopes that they would find inner peace through Islam and learn how to survive in the real world by following the teachings of Islam that promote peace and compassion upon one another.
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Furthermore, an adoption centre will also be included to allow these youths to not be burdened by the heavy responsibilities following a strict and thorough procedure that will ensure that putting a child up for adoption is not looked upon easily and promote unwanted pregnancies unintentionally.
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02 CHAPTER
PROJECT BACKGROUND
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PROJECT INTRODUCTION A home for young mothers. Our community centre provides a family friendly environment that offers support to pregnant teenagers and guiding them to prepare for their new phase in life as mothers. Our centre is filled with the necessary facilities that will fully care for the young mothers including in house clinic, skill enhancement classes, nursery and many more.
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This space is intended to provide a safe and enclosed area for these Muslim girls to repent, reflect on their actions and provide physical, mental and spiritual support throughout the whole pregnancy journey. Once a girl becomes involved in unwanted pregnancy, she needs all the support she can get. Providing an environment for the Muslim girls to repent and provide mental support throughout the journey would be more helpful to the individual herself and also to the child. There would be many different kinds of activities and spaces to rehabilitate, an environment for the babies to grow and counselling sessions for the mother.
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CLIENT’S VISION &
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CLIENT’S VISION & OBJECTIVE
CLIENT
Women’s Aid Organisation has been actively providing free shelter, counselling and crisis suppor t to women and children who experience abuse since 1982. The organisation aims to improve public policies and shift public mindsets from the negative outlook of the rape and abuse victims.
An independent, non-religious organisation based in Malaysia, committed to confronting violence, against women. WAO opened Malaysia’s first Women’s Refuge, providing shelter, counselling and child support to battered women. Vision Mission and philosophy To create a society that is free of violence against women. The fundamental belief of Women’s Aid Organisation (WAO) is that no one deserves to be battered. They believed that all human beings have the right to self determination and should have control over the conditions that shape their lives. Objective • To provide on request to women and their children suffering from mental, physical and sexual abuse, temporary refuge services that empower and enable them to determine their own future. • To offer emotional and social support to any women who request for it, resident or otherwise, and offer support and after-care. • To undertake and encourage research into any of the factors that contribute to the inequality and subordination of women. • To undertake and advocate with government and non- government organisations the eradication of factors that contribute to the inequality and subordination of women through law, policy and institutional reforms. • To create an awareness and better understanding among individuals, public and relevant agencies on the issues of violence against women and the underlying inequalities.
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CLIENT’S VISION & OBJECTIVE
SUPPORTER
Raudhatus Sakinah as a center for youth protection and counseling has been set up by some women who feel the need to create a shelter for the missing girls. It is a full-time care center operated as one of the common charitable effor ts. The target group is the teenage daughter of Islam who is faced with social problems and requires guidance and protection. Raudhatus Sakinah is aware of the fact that misconceptions of malicious cases among Malaysian teenagers are increasingly increasingly among Muslim malay teenagers. With it he brought various social illnesses that eventually destroyed not only teenagers but also family institutions and communities.
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CLIENT’S VISION & OBJECTIVE
SUPPORTER
The Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development (Malay: Kementerian Pembangunan Wanita, Keluarga dan Masyarakat), abbreviated KPWKM, is a ministry of the Government of Malaysia responsible for social welfare: children, women, family, community, children, older people, destitute, homeless, disaster victim, disabled. The ministry determines the policies and direction to achieve the goals of gender equality, family development and a caring society in line with Malaysia’s commitment towards the United Nations’ Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women and the Beijing Declaration. As of 21 May 2018, the ministry is headed by the Minister, YAB Datuk Seri Wan Azizah Wan Ismail, who is also the Deputy Prime Minister. YB Puan Hannah Yeoh Tseow Suan currently serves as Deputy Minister.
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USER DEMOGRAPHY
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Pregnancy within this age group are inexperienced especially the great details that will ensure safe delivery of the baby and the mother which includes pregnancy care, necessary medications and tests, and pregnancy education. Fur thermore, being young at age makes them unable to build own career for financial suppor t due to being underaged or unqualified to apply for jobs. Those with low moral suppor t and lack of faith will fur ther bring harm to these teenage mothers thus here at BIRTH, we serve to provide care and suppor t for these young mothers. Being young at age makes them unable to build their own career for financial suppor t which will be difficult for single mothers to be especially when caring for an infant. Researches have shown how there’s been cases of these teenage mothers having to face various external challenges which includes unsuppor tive family members which will eventually cause low moral suppor t from and fragile and weak hold of faith
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MECHANISM
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PROGRAMMING
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PROGRAMMING
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PROGRAMMING
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PROGRAMMING
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ACTIVITIES
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ACTIVITIES
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PROJECT IDENTITY / BRANDING The name ‘BIRTH’ could be the start or the end to an individual.
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PROJECT IDENTITY / BRANDING
LOGO
TYPEFACE
GDP Light GDP Regular GDP Bold Butler Light BIRTH 56 OF 230
PROJECT IDENTITY / BRANDING
COLOR SCHEME
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03 CHAPTER
ANALYSIS
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PRECEDENT STUDIES
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PRECEDENT STUDY
ZAANS MEDICAL CENTRE, NETHERLANDS by: Mecanoo Zaans Medical Center is the first lean healing center in the Netherlands. It is a productive and conservative building in which proficient medicinal services and personal approach strengthen one another. Architecture, urbanism, landscape and interior are united in an intelligent structure. Clear directing, an abundance of light, and positive diversions add to a situation that does not feel like a clinic, but rather as a place that advances wellbeing.
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PRECEDENT STUDY
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PRECEDENT STUDY
Lean and future-proof The smar t lean design identifies five care processes: acute, elective, outpatient, clinic, and diagnostics. The clear stacking of two floors of outpatient clinics, two floors of clinical depar tments and a flexible facility layer between them, optimally serves these primary care processes. All depar tments are designed to prevent any form of waste. Whenever possible, the outpatient clinics and nursing depar tments are standardised, allowing for exchangeability and adaptability. The Zaans Medical Centre is therefore flexible and future-proof.
Positive distractions The patient experience played a crucial role in the design process. Positive distractions can reduce the stress of a hospital visit and advance recovery. The spacious multi-storey lobby has the feel of a welcoming public building. Semi-circular voids and skylights, the use of wood, bright colours, good acoustics and unobstructed views of the surroundings provide a pleasant atmosphere. All hospital wards can be accessed from an internal street with many sheltered waiting areas. At either end of the street is a landscaped cour tyard. Hand-drawn illustrations on walls, glazed par titions, and lifts refer to the industrial heritage of the Zaan region. A special spiral slide offers children an adventurous way to travel between levels.
Health district Adjacent to the Zaans Medical Centre lies a health boulevard with a rehabilitation hotel, a pharmacy, eye clinic, various shops, a supermarket and a parking garage, designed to function as a small town. The smar t combination of the medical centre and related healthcare services results in a health district for Zaandam and the region. The hospital was developed by the Zaans Medical Centre and Vitaal ZorgVast, and constructed by BAM, within time and budget. SILO Agency designed the illustrations and environmental graphics. The building is BREEAM Very Good cer tified.
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PRECEDENT STUDY
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PRECEDENT STUDY
A WARM CLINIC
by: RIGI Design
Dental clinic is not a happy place to go, or we should say, no clinic could make people feel happy: the cold registration desk, the worrisome waiting chairs and the disturbing doors of the clinic rooms; the whole space is filled with a sense of distrust between doctors and patients. However, from spiritual aspect, clinic should be a place which brings hope, or at least should be a warm space. It might not be a delightful thing to go to the dentist, so RIGI does some magic to this space through design, bringing it some kind of warmth and caring.
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PRECEDENT STUDY
The brand logo and brand IP image of this clinic is orange. So circle penetrates the whole design as basic element, and wood material and the match of selected colors deliver a warm texture sensually. The space consists of four areas: entrance, kids area, waiting area and clinic. Besides its basic function, each of the areas has its corresponding design insight, and together, these four areas make up the genes of this dental brand and turn the cold medical space into a life terminal which connects to people and spreads warmth and caring.
The special nature of this industry determines that this space needs no use of eye-catching signs to attract customers, and a friendly faรงade could narrow the sense of distance between medical space and the patients. Thus, RIGI adopts a design strategy of weakening the boundary between outdoor and indoor space through using plants on the faรงade to connect the outdoor and indoor space, and simplifies the scale of the logo on the wall to avoid delivering excessive commercial atmosphere. The faรงade extends to the interior space through circle, an element from the IP image, and interesting materials are used to create a warm commercial atmosphere. The design of the front desk also tries to present an attitude of relaxed and equal. Star ting from the entrance, people could tell this is a friendly space and a warm clinic. BIRTH 70 OF 230
PRECEDENT STUDY
When people see the rows of doorplates such as dental implant depar tment and radiology depar tment, to some extent, a sense of discomfor t and anxiety will grow. RIGI cancels all the logos and adds text signs with readable dimensions on the glass of corridors while doing the design. The issue of spatial recognition chaos does not exist in a clinic of this size. RIGI also uses signs of numbers to connect the corridor and depar tments. Different numbers on the floor mark different functional spaces. To eliminate in maximum the uneasy and anxiety of seeing a doctor is the key point of RIGI’s design. Waiting chairs in traditional hospitals are arranged in a parallel way and in orders. However, it is this sense of order that enhances the unease of patients. After all, what waiting for you is a terrible experience of seeing a dentist; it is anything but nothing good to be looking forward. So we make the layout of the waiting area looks like a dinner table. Here people can sit face to face; they could communicate with each other or wait quietly. In this way, this waiting process is equal and random during which patients could feel the temperament of the space. BIRTH 71 OF 230
PRECEDENT STUDY
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PRECEDENT STUDY
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PRECEDENT STUDY
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PRECEDENT STUDY
SCHOOL OF HOPE Malacca, Malaysia
In attempt to curb the rising numbers of abandoned infants in mostly-Muslim Malaysia, a school dedicated to educate pregnant teens has opened under the name of “Sekolah Harapan, Rumah Harapan,” or “School of Hope, House of Hope,” a first of its kind in the country. The school, which has opened in Malaysia’s historical southern state of Malacca, is hopeful that providing education will help young women overcome the stigma of becoming pregnant before marriage. What it also promises is medical check-ups, religious counseling, privacy, and anonymity to young women.
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PRECEDENT STUDY
SITE LOCATION: Jasin, Melaka.
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PRECEDENT STUDY
PROGRAM
SKILLS TRAINING
COUNSELLING
ACADEMIC LEARNING
POSTNATAL CARE
SPACE USER
SERVICES AND FACILITIES
TEACHERS
ACCOMMODATION FACILITIES
FREE EDUCATION TEEN MOMS
NURSING STAFF ADMINISTRATION
BABIES
MATERNITY AND DELIVERY CARE
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SITE | BUILDING CRITERIA
SITE / CONTEXT SELECTION
SITE CRITERIA
The centre should be able to accommodate enough space for the members and ensure to provide their own space for privacy as the members are muslim females and protecting the aurat is impor tant for the members. As the suggested based on the characteristics of the site’s natural environment, a space that serves a calm and serene ambience would be beneficial for spiritual connection with God to repent and to provide optimum privacy to its occupants.. As for the materiality of the spaces, some space are required to follow the medical standards of hygiene such as the baby hatch room and clinic.
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SITE / CONTEXT SELECTION
BUILDING CRITERIA
Positive distraction is impor tant in a centre because positive distractions can reduce the stress of a hospital visit and advance recovery. Daylight and natural lighting is also essential for people to per form better. The building has to be sustainable. This is to help reduce pressure for natural resources. This centre has to be secured with top security to provide feeling of protectiveness to the members. Spaciousness and ease of circulation is impor tant in order for everyone to feel comfor table with the flow of space and wayfinding.
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POTENTIAL SITE
POTENTIAL SITE
The Spastic Children’s Association of Selangor & Federal Territory
Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
SITE INTRODUCTION SCASFT is a one-stop centre which provides a complete range of services for person with Cerebral Palsy. Patients are admitted as young as possible, as soon as they are diagnosed to have cerebral palsy. The centre has no exit age & will be provides services throughout their life. The range of services provided include physiotherapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy, hydrotherapy, hippotherapy, ar ts, handicraft, special education, recreational and competitive spor ts (up to Paralympics), music therapy, dancing, cooking, independent living skills, vocational training and sheltered workshops.
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POTENTIAL SITE
SCASFT is considered as a potential site due to it’s strategic location and it’s building capacity. The entrance to the building is not obvious and can be confusing, but still connected to the main road. There are many rooms and facilities within the building which is the most suitable site considering my proposed programming sqft.
SITE CRITERIA
BUILDING CRITERIA
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POTENTIAL SITE
Kuala Lumpur Performing Arts Centre (KLPAC)
Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, Sentul, KL.
SITE INTRODUCTION The Kuala Lumpur Per forming Ar ts Centre in Sentul Park, Kuala Lumpur is one of the established per forming ar t centers in Malaysia. It is a non-profit company, aims to cultivate and sustain the per forming ar ts for the Malaysian. KLPac is the home for KLPac Orchestra, founded in 2006.
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POTENTIAL SITE
KLPAC is chosen as the second potential site for its spatial advantages. There is a lot of advantages for renovation works to accommodate all the spaces from my proposed programming inside.
SITE CRITERIA
BUILDING CRITERIA
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POTENTIAL SITE
Carcosa Seri Negara
Persiaran Tengku Ja’afar, KL.
SITE INTRODUCTION The Carcosa Seri Negara is known as a luxurious hotel which was originally built in 1904. Back in those days, this hotel was built as an official residence for the highest British representative to the Malay states. It is located in the lush landscapes of the Lake Gardens at the district of Kuala Lumpur.
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POTENTIAL SITE
Carcosa Seri Negara was chosen as the third potential site due to its strategic location and massive land space. This building gave a feeling of having a home which is ideal for the girls. There are many rooms within the building and a lot of greenery surrounding the building.
SITE CRITERIA
BUILDING CRITERIA
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POTENTIAL SITE
Twinkle Villa
Janda Baik, Pahang.
SITE INTRODUCTION Twinkle Villa is located atop a 735 metre (2,400 ft.) high, forested ridge at Tanarimba in Janda Baik. The owner is China-born Teng Choon Kwang. The house is a studied composition of lines and edges – a gravity-defying C-shaped box of volume perched lightly on top of natural slope. The villa converse eloquently with the idyllic forest and responds climatically to the setting despite its brutal outlook. Hard on the external appearance, it transforms and opens up dramatically towards the woodlands while unravelling the charming and delightful ambience of a retreat within.
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POTENTIAL SITE
SITE IMAGES
SITE CRITERIA
BUILDING CRITERIA
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SITE ANALYSIS
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SELECTED SITE
Precinct 11 Nursery
Precinct 11, Putrajaya.
SITE INTRODUCTION The P11 nursery are situated in the hear t of Putrajaya’s suburban residential neighbourhood. The P11 Nursery site is adjacent to residential units in Presint 11. This building provide facilities for over 200 children, between the ages of one to four. The design concept of these nurseries stemmed from the need to cultivate a nur turing environment for children to learn, play, and grow. Recognising the impor tant of a learning facility during a child’s formative years, the nurseries are divided into several blocks–classrooms, infant care, canteen, administration, and a multi-purpose hall. These spaces are linked with both covered and internal corridors and feature a central cour tyard. Both nurseries are designed from a child’s point of view, ensuring that all services remain accessible and within reach at a lower height. BIRTH 94 OF 230
JUSTIFICATION OF SITE
Precinct 11 Nursery building was selected as the final site for BIRTH project. The primary factor for the succession of its candidacy is its main design language of the overall structure itself. The design language of the building is round and curvelinear, which complements BIRTH as it emphasizes on soft approach and not rigid and structural.
SITE CRITERIA
BUILDING CRITERIA
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SITE HISTORY PUTRAJAYA, MALAYSIA Putrajaya is Malaysia’s third and latest federal territory. Built on an expensive marshland and former oil palm estate in Selnagor, the city spans an area of almost 5,000 hectares and lies 25km from Kuala Lumpur. Putrajaya takes over the administrative functions of the capital city Kuala Lumpur and is par t of the multimedia super corridor project of the Malaysian government. Much organisation and planning have gone into the development of Putrajaya as a modern city with the latest communication technologies and progressive infrastructure.
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PSYCHO GEOGRAPHY In Putrajaya, EVERYTHING is new – buildings, facilities, concept of development and migrants. One thing is not new though – complaints. Like any other town, Putrajaya has its parking woes, expensive food and high rental. The perception that Putrajaya is a civil service town is another problem. The crime rate is relatively low, and confined mainly to house break-ins and drug addiction.
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MACRO MAP There are several amenities that compliments and contributes the needs for the centre such as hospital/clinics, schools, greenery and residential houses.
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HIGH SCHOOL
HIGH SCHOOL
RESIDENTIAL HOUSES
CONSTRUCTION SITE
CIVIL SERVANT FLATS
HIGH SCHOOL RESIDENTIAL HOUSES HOSPITAL PUTRAJAYA
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MICRO MAP BIRTH 103 OF 230
SURROUNDING VIEWS
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SURROUNDING BUILDINGS
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BUILDING ANALYSIS
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SOCIAL & CULTURAL STUDIES Putrajaya is densely populated with both Malay and Chinese race. Majority of the patrons at the vicinity of the site are malay workers, residents and high school students. However the Chinese are mostly spotted nearby commercial areas. All in all, there were not many people to spot during the day as the area is secluded during the day.
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AS-BUILT DRAWINGS
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SITE MODEL
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SITE FORCES
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LITERATURE REVIEW
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LITERATURE REVIEW
VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE ‘SAYANGKU’ (MYLOVE) IN INTERVENTION FOR ADDRESSING ADOLESCENTS INVOLVED IN FREE SEX
LITERATURE REVIEW I
Illustration of Concept/Workflow Ghani, F., Latif, A., Aziz, A. and Khan, A. (2014). Validity and Reliability Analysis of the ‘SayangKU’ (MyLove) in Intervention for Addressing Adolescents Involved in Free Sex. Journal of Religion and Health, 54(4), pp.1375-1386.
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LITERATURE REVIEW
Studies carried out in universities in Malaysia has indicated that teen pregnancy is becoming more alarming in the country (Ghani, 2014). Teenage pregnancy has become a problem even in the 70s where an ar ticle was published in the International Family Planning Digest (1976), discussing the worldwide teenage pregnancy epidemic stating that there should be “positive educational and family planning service programs that encourage responsible sexual behaviour and designed to meet the various needs of young people of different ages.” “Adolescents are the nation’s human capital and are therefore integral to the country’s assets“ (Ghani et al., 2014). Thus, more institutes and government bodies should address the matter and create more effective programmes that can address the problem effectively.
STAGE ONE PROCESS: LOVE OF GOD (ALLAH) This submodule stresses the principles of faith in and love toward God. The aims are to enhance the belief that only God is the Almighty, while other creatures are powerless, and to reinforce faith that the success of humans is dependant on the extent to which they obey the command of the almighty Allah.
STAGE TWO PROCESS: LOVE OF THE PROPHET This module emphasizes love for the Prophet by instilling faith that performing the Sunnah (practice) of the Prophet can lead to success in the world and in the afterlife. The aim of this module is to instill love for and obedience to the Prophet, and this is achieved through tales of the Prophet’s sacrifices and character.
STAGE THREE PROCESS: LOVE OF ONESELF In this submodule, the value of knowledge and worship to generate an environment conductive for the teaching and learning of religion is discussed. This environment creates a propensity for implementation of religious practice. The aims of this submodule are to discover and learn the commandments of God and to increase enthusiasm for worship through performing prayers, seeking-knowledge, and reciting dhikr and Al-Quran
STAGE FOUR PROCESS: LOVE OF THE UMMAH (NATION) This module uses loving and tactful preaching to inculcate the value of interaction (muamalah) and camaraderie (muasyarah) in developing an honorable environment among fellow Muslims. The aims of the submodule are to nurture good character, namely traits of mutual respect and love, and to promote dignified and considerate relations between people.
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LITERATURE REVIEW
PROGRAMMING Phase 1
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Phase 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Phase 3
Phase 4
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LITERATURE REVIEW
A REVIEW OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY RESEARCH IN MALAYSIA
LITERATURE REVIEW 2
Idea/Argument/Discussion Mohd Suan, M. A., Ismail, A. H. and Haliza, G. (2015). A review of teenage pregnancy research in Malaysia. The Medical Journal of Malaysia. 70(4). pp. 214-219.
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LITERATURE REVIEW
“Teen pregnancy is defined as any pregnancy occurring among adolescent girls aged 19 years or younger” as quoted from Mohd Suan (2015). It is found that there are more than 19,000 bir ths by teenage mothers recorded each year between 2009 and 2011 (Mohd Suan,2015). And from this statistics, adolescent fer tility rates were recorded at 6 bir ths per 1000 women ages 15–19 years in 2013. Many of these bir ths were from unwed pregnancies, which accounted for 1.99% of total deliveries in the same year. Pregnancy carries higher risks among women aged 15-19 years compared to fully grown adults as pregnancy-related mor tality is doubled among women in the mentioned age group compared with a woman in their 20s.
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LITERATURE REVIEW
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PREGNANCY AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN LOW-INCOME AND LOWER MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.
LITERATURE REVIEW 3
Idea/Argument/Discussion Pradhan, R., Wynter, K. and Fisher, J. (2015). Factors associated with pregnancy among adolescents in low-income and lower middle-income countries: a systematic review. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 69(9), pp.918-924.
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LITERATURE REVIEW
Adolescents that give bir th face adverse and and challenging social consequences in the society. Especially unmarried teenage mothers face additional social consequences that can be overwhelming, with out-of-wedlock pregnancy leading to “clandestine and hazardous abor tion, suicide or child abandonment or placement in overcrowded and poorly equipped orphanages” as quoted by conferees discussing the matter. Fur thermore, “it inter feres with attending school and completing their education thus making them economically dependent on their families in the long term” (Pradhan, Wynter and Fisher, 2015) as they are entering parenthood at a very young age. Adolescent pregnancy outside marriage is associated with stigma and shame in many cultures, not only for the young woman, but also for her family (Pradhan, Wynter and Fisher, 2015).
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SELF EXPLORATION
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SELF EXPLORATION
Visit and Interview at Bliss Confinement Centre Puchong, Selangor.
INTRODUCTION Bliss Confinement and Retreat is a modern facility that is thoughtfully designed to accommodate the needs of modern mothers. Gone are the days where a mother’s recovery is based on hear-say and superstition. Postpar tum Confinement need not be a stressful and traumatic experience. At Bliss Confinement Centre, ther are dedicated to provide the most enjoyable, safe, healthy and comfor table confinement period to mummies.
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Entering Bliss Confinement and Retreat, I was welcomed by the staff by the reception. The interior was decorated nicely and it was very spacious. The ground floor was double volume.
At the ground floor, there is a designated space for events and enter tainment for the ladies. There will also be occasional talks and celebrations held at this space.
The confinement centre has its own massage room for the ladies to pamper themselves. Their in-house masseuse is very well trained for post-natal massages.
Every standard bedroom in the centre has its own Queen size bed, dressing table and personal toilet for privacy and comfor t purposes. However for VVIP rooms, there are more facilities provided.
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INTERVIEW
ME
MR CALVIN
OWNER OF BLISS CONFINEMENT CENTRE
ME
MR CALVIN
OWNER OF BLISS CONFINEMENT CENTRE
ME
MR CALVIN
OWNER OF BLISS CONFINEMENT CENTRE
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INTERVIEW
ME
MR CALVIN
OWNER OF BLISS CONFINEMENT CENTRE
ME
MR CALVIN
OWNER OF BLISS CONFINEMENT CENTRE
ME
MR CALVIN
OWNER OF BLISS CONFINEMENT CENTRE
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SELF EXPLORATION
Interview with
Dr. Syed Syafiq Bin Syed Azhar
INTRODUCTION I was given an oppor tunity to have an interview/conversation with Dr Syed Syafiq to learn more about what women go through during the pregnancy stages using modern medication method. I have listed down a few questions that relates back to the information I needed to know for my self exploration.
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ME
Dr. Syed Syafiq Bin Syed Azhar
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04 CHAPTER
DESIGN BRIEF
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SUMMARY
Personal Experience:
Over the course of the six months I spent in Design Proposition, I learned a number of lessons per taining to design: 1. That it is impor tant to follow the weekly submissions to stay on track; 2. To create a detailed program and mechanism before the final design to better adapt to dynamic requirements; 3. The impor tance of systematic spatial flow; 4. How to design and compose a design booklet creatively; 5. Maintaining an eye for detail, and finally; 6. The massive social responsibility of the designer.
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RECOMMENDATION The recommendation from the external panel is to add on legal understanding classes in mechanism to understand the legal aspect of adoption for the girls. Another thing that I was lacking is data about the target user. He said that it is best that I show my findings and reasonings as to why I chose my target user. Other than that, he would like me to add on programs such as a pregnancy prevention talk/seminar as my monthly attraction. I took this oppor tunity to ask him about my site selection. He told me to go back to my programming and ask myself “Can everything fit in the building that I selected?�. I have to fur ther elaborate how and why did I select these site to begin with. He also advised me to star t envisioning how the space looks like. For the programming, he mentioned that I could look into this one school in Malacca that focuses on pregnant teenagers until they give bir th. Lastly, I asked him if in the next semester, is it possible to have an extension to the selected building and he replied saying we can extend up to 20% however I have to clearly justify why. He advised me to look into places in Cameron Highland and Genting Highland.
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DETAILED DESIGN BRIEF Scenario:
Teen pregnancy is an issue in Malaysian society, especially in the urban areas. As teenagers going through pregnancy have a specialised set of needs, it is necessary to provide a safe space for these girls to get the support they need either medically, psychologically or physiologically. There is a stigma towards teen pregnancy for girls who are muslim, however, they should not be shunned by society, and get the spiritual help they need in order to get back on the right path and give their newborn child a fulfilling upbringing. ‘Birth’ is a home for young mothers. Our community centre provides a family friendly environment that offers support to pregnant teenagers and guiding them to prepare for their new phase in life as mothers. Our centre is filled with the necessary facilities that will fully care for the young mothers including in house clinic, skill enhancement classes, nursery and many more. This space is intended to provide a safe and enclosed area for these Muslim girls to repent, reflect on their actions and provide physical, mental and spiritual support throughout the whole pregnancy journey. Once a girl becomes involved in unwanted pregnancy, she needs all the support she can get. Providing an environment for the Muslim girls to repent and provide mental support throughout the journey would be more helpful to the individual herself and also to the child. There would be many different kinds of activities and spaces to rehabilitate, an environment for the babies to grow and counselling sessions for the mother.
Learning Outcomes:
• Develop and produce effective and well thought out solutions to design problems, guided by ergonomic considerations. • Generate progress and communicate design concepts and solutions through drawing/tradition and digital. • Identify appropriate research and show evidence of critical design development and aesthetics. • To study the cost effectiveness of bir th centre care compared with usual care (home bir th and bir th under community midwifery led care in a hospital);
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Objective:
• To determine process, structure and outcome quality indicators enabling the assessment of the quality of bir th and postpar tum care in a bir th centre, in collaboration with the various care providers and clients involved; • To develop a typology of bir th centres based on the level of integration of organisation and care, also making use of the quality indicators mentioned; • To assess the effect of bir th centre care in relation to the different types of bir th centres in terms of optimality and adverse outcomes; • To study the impact of the introduction of bir th centre care on the local adjacent bir th and postpar tum care system by comparing process indicators and perinatal and maternal outcomes before and after the introduction of a bir th centre; • To assess experiences of both clients and care givers (working either within or in collaboration with a bir th centre); • To translate results of this study into recommendations for future bir th and postpar tum care in Malaysia
Task:
This is a final project, designed to capitalize on the ability to generate a conceptual proposal within the given time frame and to develop the idea. You are required to provide a safe and welcoming environment for Muslim youths facing concerns about unwanted pregnancy. Facilities at the centre would have to feature a complete system that will care and guide Muslim youths through a wide scope of programmes related to unwanted pregnancies such as prenatal care, regular checkups, post-pregnancy treatments, childcare, parent guidance classes, morale suppor t sessions with specialists and sex education to name a few. The centre will also be equipped with a team of dedicated people to monitor these youths by providing moral and psychological suppor t as they go through the journey without any harm, the child and the society due to the hardships faced. Staying true to the Islamic teachings based on the Quran, we aim to help these youths find their way back to their faith, embracing the religion and share the teachings that were taught for centuries in hopes that they would find inner peace through Islam and learn how to survive in the real world by following the teachings of Islam that promote peace and compassion upon one another.
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05 CHAPTER
DESIGN EXPLORATION
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DESIGN METHODOLOGY Design methodology refers to the development of a system or method for a unique situation. The chart on the right is a list of methods that could be used to produce for a project. For BIRTH, the chosen methods used is highlighted to create the final outcome of the design process.
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SKETCHUP FINE ART
3DS MAX
MATERIAL BOARD
RESEARCH FINDINGS
MODEL
AUTOCAD
DESIGN
METHODOLOGY SKETCHES
VECTORWORKS
ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR
CONCEPTUAL MODEL
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP
MOOD BOARD ADOBE INDESIGN
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THE PROCESS A flow process is produced to indicate the methodologies that was used for BIRTH accordingly with description. This is impor tant for the designer to be able to complete the project.
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1
2 3 5
RESEARCH FINDING Research based on online databases and literature review to find out the issue, collect data, comparison and conclusion.
SKETCHES Through sketches and drawings, it helped to develop ideas even further before proceeding to model making, 2D drawings and 3D .
MODEL The first model created would be the site model of the existing building itself . The model was built in order to understand more about the spaces and str ucture of the building.
4
CONCEPTUAL MODEL Conceptual models were created to furt her understand and explore on the design language that needs to be applied in the final design.
SOFTWARES Soft wares are used to build the 3D of the building, to produce the constr uction drawings and also to compose eve ry thing accordingly .
VECTORWORKS
ADOBE INDESIGN
Vector works was used to create all the constr uction and 2D drawings instead of AutoCAD because it is more user -friendly .
InDesign is the so ft ware of choice to create the book as it is more user -friendly and is more suitable for the task. This so ft ware works hand in hand with the other so ft ware like Photoshop and Illustrato r.
SKETCHUP
ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR
Using SketchUp to create all the 3D works. Having a 3D of the building helped with the process of designing the final outcome and provided a better visual aid .
Illustrator is a sof tware that is highly recommended for graphic illustrations. Using this sof tware to create the components first before inser ting in the presentation boards.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP Photoshop was used to help compose the overall presentation boards.
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DESIGN CRITIQUE DOCUMENTATION
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CRITIQUE 1
WEEK 1
Lecturer’s comments: 1. To find a better site building to propose. 2. One of the proposed site building is an award winning building, which is not highly advisable. 3. To search for a building that is nearer to a state with most teenage pregnancy issues.
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CRITIQUE 2
WEEK 2
Lecturer’s comments: 1. To proceed with selected building. 2. Clean up the construction drawings. 3. Proposed building is suitable for the project in terms of location, building language and surrounding environments.
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CRITIQUE 3
WEEK 3
Lecturer’s comments: 1. There’s no site analysis. 2. To explore and find out more about the surrounding buildings and environment. 3. Prepare more information about the building and site analysis for the next critique session.
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CRITIQUE 4
WEEK 4
Lecturer’s comments: 1. Programming was still loose. 2. Make the mechanism bigger and more detailed. 3. The program should reflect back with the mechanism. 4. Focus on the clinical/medical par t in the building. 5. Research on the pregnancy stages to apply in the programming. 6. Boards was focused more on the graphics than information.
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CRITIQUE 5
WEEK 5
Lecturer’s comments: 1. The SWOT analysis needs to be fur ther improved. e.g it took too much space on the boards. 2. Programming needs to be more solid. 3. Fix on the color coordination. 4. To have more information on the board for the next critique session.
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CRITIQUE 6
WEEK 9
Lecturer’s comments: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
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Space planning still needs to be fixed. Explore more with floor, wall and ceiling. No 3D, spatial studies and section. To research more on geometry planning. Need to understand the host building. Use mock-up models to help aid the design process. Read up more about the gynaecology and psychology spaces.
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CRITIQUE 7
WEEK 13
Lecturer’s comments: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
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Space planning still needs to be fixed. Explore more with floor, wall and ceiling. Detail out the 3D Fix section, no sky/birds. Pick new views, dont just pick any space for the sake of having it Add a pregnant girl in the 3D renders Add special studies Emphasise on privacy designs
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PRELIMINARY DESIGN
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CONCEPTUAL MODELS
SKETCHES
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ADVANCED DESIGN
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3D VIEWS
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DETAILED DESIGN
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3D VIEWS
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SPECIAL STUDIES
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SPECIAL STUDY 1 PERSONAL MAILBOX
THE BIG IDEA: Pneumatic tubes are systems that propel cylindrical containers through networks of tubes by compressed air or by par tial vacuum. This system is used to transpor t objects to different rooms without needing to have someone to deliver the items. HOW IT WORKS? By using the touch-screen kiosk in every room, there will be a list of items that could be delivered through the pneumatic tube system such as clothes, basic necessities and medicine. The user will have to log in using their smar t watch first, add the items that they needed to be delivered and enter the room’s code. At the screen will indicate the time these items will arrive. This machine is mainly used for convenience purposes.
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TYPOLOGIES
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STEP 1:
The user will have to log in before starting to add items in the cart by using their smart watch
STEP 2:
At the homepage there will be a list of available items that can be delivered.
STEP 3:
User will then add the selected items to cart before checking out. The room number will be entered in order to deliver the items.
STEP 4:
After checking out, the screen will show the time estimated for the items to arrive.
STEP 5:
The items will arrive in capsules at the indicated room from the code entered.
TOUCH SCREEN KIOSK
PNEUMATIC TUBE MACHINE
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DETAIL DRAWING
ELEVATION
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SPECIAL STUDY 2
Adjustable Bed
THE BIG IDEA: The idea behind a home adjustable bed is that it should fit into the average bedroom. For years, adjustable beds were primarily identified with hospital rooms and old folks homes, but this is no longer the case. HOW IT WORKS? An adjustable bed base lifts the top and bottom of the mattress (the head and foot sections) between 40 and 70 degrees. This creates a more comfor table shape for pregnant women to read, watch TV, and even sleep.
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06 CHAPTER
DESIGN SOLUTION
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FINAL DESIGN
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FLOOR PLANS
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BOARDS COMPOSITION
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CONCLUSION Upon completing this project, I learned that when it comes to designing, the users will always be the main priority. The main purpose of designing is to help the target users and ensure their safety when they are within the building while creating an aesthetic environment. For me, designing for pregnant teens was one of the toughest challenge I faced as an interior architecture student as they have a lot more concerns to look after when it comes to designing the space. Although my final design is not to my satisfaction, I have tried my best to complete the requirements nonetheless and I hope to improve myself fur ther as I pursue my career as a designer in the near future. I would like to thank everyone who has suppor ted and guided me especially my family and friends. Last but not least, I would like to thank my lecturer, Ar. Qhawarizmi for being an understanding lecturer and for the endless guidance on his par t.
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REFERENCES 1. Azlin A., Azila A., Azlina E., Darisah L., Kasmawati J., Kamilah M., Maira H., Mazlinah M., Norhana Y., Ranimah Y., Rohaiza A.K., Rozimah A.L., Salmiah S., Shimila Aida M.A.J., Siti Aminah A.M., Suhazeli A., Wan Ruzilasalwa W.S., Zaleha J., Zahrni M., and Zil Falilah M.S., 2016. Study on The Risk Factor, Management and Outcome Among Teenage Pregnancy Attending Health Centers In Terengganu [pdf]. Ministry of Health. Available at:<http://jknterengganu.moh.gov.my/v1/index.php/ muat-turun/category/19-free-paper-oral?©¥¥¥ç√ =53:01-final-teenage-pregnancy-conference> [Accessed at 28 November 2018] 2. MyHEALTH, 2018. Teenage Pregnancy. [online] Available at:<http://www.myhealth.gov.my/en/ teenage-pregnancy/> [Accessed at 29 November 2018] 3. Mohd Suan, Mohd Azri and Ismail, Adibah Hanim and Ghazali, Haliza. 2015. A review of teenage pregnancy research in Malaysia. Medical Journal of Malaysia, 70 (4). pp. 214-219. 4. Hayward, G., 2011. Teenage Pregnancy and Its Health Implications [pdf]. International Journal of Public Health Research Special Issues 2011, pp (100-102). Available at:<http://journalar ticle.ukm. my/3359/1/special%2520issue%25202011_15.pdf> [Accessed at: 29 November 2018]
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5. S Sulaiman, S Othman, N Razali, J Hassan, 2013. Obstetric and perinatal outcome in teenage pregnancies [pdf]. SAJOG, Vol. 19, No. 3. Available at:<https://umexper t.um.edu.my/file/publication/00004818_96786.pdf> [Accessed at:27 November 2018] 6. Omar, K., Hasim, S., Muhammad, N.A., Jaffar, A., Mohd Hashim, S., Siraj, H.H., 2010. Adolescent pregnancy outcomes and risk factors in Malaysia [pdf] International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics Volume 111, Issue 3. Available at:<https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1016/j. ijgo.2010.06.023> [Accessed 26 November 2018] 7. UNICEF, 2008. Young People and Family Planning: Teenage Pregnancy, [pdf] Unicef Malaysia Communications. Available at: <https://www.unicef.org/malaysia/Teenage_Pregnancies_-_Overview.pdf> [Accessed 25 November 2018] 8. Mohd Suan, Mohd Azri & Ismail, Adibah Hanim & Haliza, G., 2015. A review of teenage pregnancy research in Malaysia. The Medical journal of Malaysia. 70. 214-9. 9. World Health Organization, 2018. Adolescent pregnancy, [online] Available at: <http://www.who. int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-pregnancy> [Accessed 24 November 2018]. 10. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), 2017. Adolescent pregnancy. [online] Available at: <https://www.unfpa.org/adolescent-pregnancy> [Accessed 24 November 2018] 11. Brown, S.S., and Eisenberg, L., 1995. The Best Intentions: Unintended Pregnancy and the Well-Being of Children and Families, [online] Institute of Medicine. Available at: <https://www.nap. edu/read/4903/chapter/1> [Accessed 24 November 2018]. 12. Gender and Health, 2008. Unintended Pregnancy: An Introduction [online] Available at: <http:// collaborativecurriculum.ca/en/modules/DJ4CJ4PL/Intro3.jsp> [Accessed 24 November 2018]. 13. Alifah, 2014. Teenage Pregnancy: Issues and Dilemmas, [online] Available at: <https://www. slideshare.net/chaimingcheng/teenage-pregnancy-41950621> [Accessed 25 November 2018]. 14. Anon, 2014. Teenage pregnancy: The Growing Epidemic, [online] Available at: < 15. https://www.slideshare.net/traetty/teenage-pregnancy-37998887> [Accessed 26 November 2018]. 16. Askew, I., 2011. Causes and Consequences of Unintended Pregnancies in Developing Countries [pdf] Available at: <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08a6ded915d3cfd000766/2012ICCR_Askew.pdf> [Accessed 26 November 2018]. 17. Anon, 2011, The Global Epidemic of Unintended Pregnancies: Impact and Possible Approaches to the Problem [pdf] Available at: <https://www.figo.org/sites/default/files/uploads/general-resources/FIGO_ESC_Unwanted%20Pregnancy%20Slides.pdf> [Accessed 26 November 2018]. 18. Mecanoo Architecten, 2018. Projects, [online] Available at: <https://www.mecanoo.nl/Projects/ project/71/Zaans-Medical-Centre-and-Health-Boulevard> [Accessed 26 November 2018].
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APPENDIX
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Nurhamizah Izyan Binti Mohd Redza 0323703
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