4 minute read
Endnotes
1 Frieze, Donna-Lee, editor. Totally Unofficial: The Autobiography of Raphael Lemkin, Yale University Press, New Haven; London, 2013, pp.xvii 2 Quoted in Power, Samantha, A Problem From Hell, Harper Perennial, London, 2007 p20 3 In July 1915 American Ambassador Henry Morgenthau wrote from Constantinople that ‘It appears that a campaign of race extermination is in progress…’ 4 Klamberg, Mark, Raphaël Lemkin in Stockholm – Significance for His Work on 'Axis Rule in Occupied Europe (April 30, 2019). Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal, volume 13(1), 2019, pp64-87 5 Frieze, Donna-Lee, editor. Totally Unofficial: The Autobiography of Raphael Lemkin, Yale University Press, New Haven; London, 2013, pp.77 6 Quoted in Power, Samantha, A Problem From Hell, Harper Perennial, London, 2007 p27 7 Sands, Philippe East West Street, Weidenfeld & Nicholson, London, 2016 p187 8 Ibid p372 9 Frieze, Donna-Lee, editor. Totally Unofficial: The Autobiography of Raphael Lemkin, Yale University Press, New Haven; London, 2013, pp.219-222 10 United States Holocaust Memorial Museum https://www.ushmm.org/propaganda/archive/der-sturmer-article/ accessed October 20 2020
11 Adolf Hitler first wrote about the so-called ‘Jewish Question’ in September 1919. In the same racist document he commented that his ‘ultimate goal must definitely be the removal of the Jews altogether’ . 12 Hitler speaking to the Reichstag, January 30 1933
13 Evans, Richard J, The Third Reich At War, Penguin Books, London, 2008 pp263-267 14 Information taken from documents of trial of George Ruggiu https://unictr.irmct.org/en/cases/ictr-97-32 15 Des Forges, Alison, Leave None to Tell the Story, Human Rights Watch, 1999 p68-69
16 Straus, Scot, The Order of Genocide, Cornell University Press, New York, 2006 p25 17 Des Forges, Alison, Leave None to Tell the Story, Human Rights Watch, 1999 p70
18 Information taken from documents of trial of Jean Kambanda https://unictr.irmct.org/en/cases/ictr-97-23 Kambanda has recently published a book denying the genocide. 19 Gibbons, London to Sarajevo, p180 quoted in Noel Malcolm, Bosnia A Short History pp168 20 Hornby, Balkan Sketches, pp153 quoted in Noel Malcolm, Bosnia A Short History pp168
21 The 1963 Bosnian Constitution wrote about ‘Serbs, Croats and Muslims allied in the past by a common life’
22 Serbian Academy of Arts and Sciences, "Serbian Academy of Arts and Sciences (SANU) Memorandum, 1986," Making the History of 1989, Item #674, https://chnm.gmu.edu/1989/items/show/674 (accessed October 20 2020, 2:45 pm).
23 Biljana Plavšić pleaded guilty to a crime against humanity in 2002. https://www.icty.org/en/content/statement-guilt-biljana -plav%C5%A1i%C4%87
24 ICTY transcript https://www.icty.org/x/cases/karadzic/trans/en/091027IT.htm
25 Final judgement from trial of Milomir Stakic https://www.icty.org/x/cases/stakic/tjug/en/stak-tj030731e.pdf
26 Ibid p44
27 Final judgement from trial of Zdravko Tolimir https://www.icty.org/x/cases/tolimir/tjug/en/121212.pdf
28 March 1995 Directive from Radovan Karadžić to the Bosnian Serb Army quoted in trial of Radislav Krstic p33 https:// www.icty.org/x/cases/krstic/acjug/en/krs-aj040419e.pdf#page=33 50
29 We’d like to thank Bushra Rahama, expert in Sudanese history for his help with this section
30 Human Rights Watch, Entrenching Impunity, 2005 p32 31 Flint, Julie, De Waal, Alex Darfur: A New History of a Long War, 2005 p106 32 Kapila, Mukesh, Against A Tide Of Evil, Sharpe Books, 2013, p71 33 There are 22 British ‘Righteous Among the Nations https://www.yadvashem.org/righteous/statistics.html 34 You can read more about Fadila’s bravery on the Remembering Srebrenica website https://www.srebrenica.org.uk/survivor -stories/the-courage-to-risk-your-life-for-neighbours-fadila-kapic-mehmedbasic/ 35 Quoted from Anielewicz’s last surviving letter dated April 23 1943 https://www.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft% 20Word%20-%20582.pdf 36 Des Forges, Alison, Leave None to Tell the Story, Human Rights Watch, 1999 p310
37 The trial of Vidoje Blagojevic and Dragan Jokic heard from witnesses who had been in the column https://www.icty.org/x/ cases/blagojevic_jokic/tjug/en/bla-050117e.pdf 38 To see this document and others relating to the USA’s response to the genocide in Rwanda see https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/ NSAEBB/NSAEBB53/index.html 39 In an interview with The Guardian newspaper in July 2020 Grujičić said “No Serb would deny that Bosniaks were killed here in horrible crimes … but a genocide means the deliberate destruction of a people. There was no deliberate attempt to do that here,” https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/10/genocide-denial-gains-ground-25-years-after-srebrenica-massacre
40 Dr Jo Smith Finley, an expert researcher at Newcastle University, recently told Sky News that what was happening in Xinjiang is ‘genocide, full stop’ https://news.sky.com/story/china-forcing-birth-control-on-uighur-women-to-curb-muslimpopulation-major-report-finds-12017287 41 ‘Thousands of Xinjiang mosques destroyed or damaged, report finds’ Headline in article in The Guardian, 25 September 2020 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/25/thousands-of-xinjiang-mosques-destroyed-damaged-china-reportfinds
42 A BBC report is one amongst dozens that we have seen talking about the prison camps. The claims in the report are backed up by official documents that have leaked out of China. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-50511063 43 https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/china-uighur-muslim-population-forced-sterilisation-xinjiang-genocidewomen-b512409.html
