Index

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ (References)

:(‫ ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‬-1

‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻴﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ )ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ( ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻨﺼﺢ ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺒﺔ‬ .‫ﺒﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻼﺴﺘﺯﺍﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ http://www.physicscentral.com/ http://www.physicsclassroom.com/ http://www.sparknotes.com/testprep/books/sat2/physics http://www.physics-net.com/force/sf000.htm http://www.physics.brocku.ca/courses/1p21_crandles/RotationalMotion http://www.simetric.co.uk/si_liquids.htm http://www.onlineconversion.com http://hypertextbook.com/physics/thermal/expansion http://www.wonderquest.com/water-pressure.htm http://demoroom.physics.ncsu.edu/html/demos/155.html http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/aero/planetary/atmospheric/control.html http://www.hsphys.com/waves_and_sound.html http://dept.physics.upenn.edu/courses/gladney/phys150/lectures

:‫ ﻜﺘﺏ‬-2

:‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻭﺘﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬ 1- Physics by John D. Cutnell 2- Basic Physics : A Self-Teaching Guide (Wiley Self-Teaching Guides)

by Karl F. Kuhn, John Wiley & Sons, 2005.

3- Physics: Principles with Applications (5th Edition) , Douglas C. Giancoli; Prentice Hall, 2005.

4- 3,000 Solved Problems in Physics (Schaum's Solved Problems Series), by Alvin Halpern, Alvin Halpern, McGraw-Hill, 2005.

Physics For Dummies ® (For Dummies (Math & Science)), by Steve Holzner, John Wiley & Sons, 2004.

341

‫ﻤﻠﺤﻕ ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ‬ :‫ ﺍﻟﺠﺒﺭ‬-1 ax 2 + bx + c = 0 ⇒ x =

−b ± b 2 − 4ac 2a

x 1 ( x +y ) a x y , a a a , = = a x −y ax ay x = lne a ⇒ a = e x (e = 2.1782818)

a −x =

x = log10 a ⇒ a = 10x log a + log b = log(ab ), log a − log b = log(a /b ) ln a + ln b = ln(ab ), ln a − ln b = ln(a /b )

:‫ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ‬-2

πr2 :r ‫ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﻨﺼﻑ ﻗﻁﺭﻫﺎ‬

2πr: r ‫ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﻨﺼﻑ ﻗﻁﺭﻫﺎ‬

4πr3/3 :r ‫ﺤﺠﻡ ﻜﺭﺓ ﻨﺼﻑ ﻗﻁﺭﻫﺎ‬

4πr2: r ‫ﺴﻁﺢ ﻜﺭﺓ ﻨﺼﻑ ﻗﻁﺭﻫﺎ‬

2πr2h :h ‫ ﻭﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻋﻬﺎ‬r ‫ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﺴﻁﻭﺍﻨﺔ ﻨﺼﻑ ﻗﻁﺭﻫﺎ‬

πr2h :h ‫ ﻭﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻋﻬﺎ‬r ‫ﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﺴﻁﻭﺍﻨﺔ ﻨﺼﻑ ﻗﻁﺭﻫﺎ‬

:‫ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﺎﺕ‬-3 sin θ =

a c

cos θ =

b c

tan θ =

b sin θ = a cos θ

c

a

1 = sec 2 θ b cos 2 θ 2 2 sin 2θ = 2sin θ cos θ cos 2θ = cos θ − sin θ sin(α ± β ) = sin α cos β ± cos α sin β cos(α ± β ) = cos α cos β ∓ sin α sin β sin2 θ + cos 2 θ = 1

sin α + sin β = 2sin(

1 + tan2 θ =

α+β 2

)cos(

α −β 2

) , cos α + cos β = 2 cos(

α+β 2

)cos(

α −β 2

)

:‫ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻀل‬-4 d n d d sin ax = s cos ax , cos ax = −a sin ax x = nx n −1 , dx dx dx n d nx d ax n d 1 e = ne nx , e ln ax = = nax n −1e ax , dx dx dx x α+β α −β α+β α −β sin α + sin β = 2sin( )cos( ) , cos α + cos β = 2 cos( )cos( ) 2 2 2 2

:‫ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻤل‬-5 1 1 1 x n +1 , ∫ dx = ln x , ∫ e ax dx = e ax n +1 x a 1 1 ∫ sin ax dx = − a cos ax , ∫ cos ax dx = a sin ax

∫x

n

dx =

342

∫

dx

= ln(x + a 2 + x 2 ),

a +x dx 1 x ∫ a 2 + x 2 = a arcsin a , 2

2

∫ (a

2

∫

dx a −x 2

2

dx 1 = + x 2 )3/2 a 2

= arcsin

x a

x a + x2 2

‫ﻋﻭﺍﻤل ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬-2

‫ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل‬-1

1m2 =104 cm2 =0.155 in2

1m=102 cm=103 mm=106 µ m

1in2 =6.452cm2

1 km=103 km=0.0214 mi=3281ft

1ft 2 =144 in2 =0.0929 m2

1 yard=91.44 cm

‫ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬-4

‫ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ‬-3

1hr=3600 s

1liter = 103 cm2 = 10-3 m3

1day=86,400 s

1 ft 3 =0.02832 m3 =28.32 liter

1 year=365.24 days=3.16 × 107 s

1 gallon=3.788 liter

‫ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬-6

‫ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ‬-5

1m/s=3.281ft/s

1rad=57.30° = 180° /π

1ft/s=0.3248 m/s

1°=0.0174 rad=π/180°

1km/h=0.2778 m/s=0.6214 mi/h

1rev=360°=2π rad

1mi/h=0.4470 m/s=1.609 km/h

1rev/min(rpm)=0.1047 rad/s

‫ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ‬-8

‫ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ‬-7

1J = 107 erg

1kg = 103 g

1kWh = 3.6 × 106 j

1 u = 1.661x10-27 kg

‫ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬-10

‫ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ‬-9

1W = 1 J/s

1Pa = 1N/m2

1hp = 740 W

1 atm = 1.01x105 Pa

343

‫ﺜﻭﺍﺒﺕ ﻓﻴﺯﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬

‫‪344‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺴﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺯ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬

‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺀ‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫‪2.99792×108 m/s‬‬

‫ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻥ‬

‫‪e‬‬

‫‪1.602177×10−19 C‬‬

‫ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺫﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬

‫‪G‬‬

‫‪6.673×10−11 N.m2/kg2‬‬

‫ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺒﻼﻨﻙ‬

‫‪h‬‬

‫‪J.s‬‬

‫ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺒﻭﻟﺘﺯﻤﺎﻥ‬

‫‪k‬‬

‫‪1.38066×10−23 J/K‬‬

‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺃﻓﻭﻜﺎﺩﺭﻭ‬

‫‪N‬‬

‫‪6.022×1023/mol‬‬

‫ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬

‫‪R‬‬

‫‪8.31451 J/mol.K‬‬

‫ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻥ‬

‫‪me‬‬

‫‪9.10939×10−31 kg‬‬

‫ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻥ‬

‫‪mp‬‬

‫‪kg‬‬

‫ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻭﺘﺭﻭﻥ‬

‫‪mn‬‬

‫‪1.67262×10−27 kg‬‬

‫ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﻗﻭﺓ ﻜﻭﻟﻭﻡ‬

‫‪k=1/4πε0‬‬

‫‪8.987×109 N.m2/C2‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻤﻲ‬

‫‪1 atm‬‬

‫‪1.013×105 Pa‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻕ‬

‫‪0K‬‬

‫‪−273.15 °C‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻥ‪ -‬ﻓﻭﻟﺕ‬

‫‪eV‬‬

‫‪1.6×10−19 J‬‬

‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﻴﺔ‬

‫‪1u‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟـ ‪1 u‬‬

‫‪Mc2‬‬

‫‪931.501 MeV‬‬

‫ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻜﻨﺔ‬

‫‪mc2‬‬

‫‪0.511 MeV‬‬

‫ﺘﺴﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺫﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ‬

‫‪g‬‬

‫‪9.801 m/s2‬‬

‫‪kg‬‬

‫‪−34‬‬

‫‪6.626755×10‬‬

‫‪−27‬‬

‫‪1.67492×10‬‬

‫‪−27‬‬

‫‪1.66054×10‬‬