A NEW SPECTACLE A F T E R
5 0
Y E A R S
A NEW SPECTACLE
A F T E R
5 0
Y E A R S
HANBURY Summer Scholars 2022
HANBURY Summer Scholars 2022
[Curated By]
Abhishek Ambekar Kelly Clark Shuqi Liu Lizandro Marcial-Armas
CONTENTS
Scholars + Program Project Preface Preliminary Research
06 08 13
History Timeline Demographics + Proximity Climate Projections Greenway System Flooding
The Challenges
25
Traffic Flooding
Possible Solutions
41
Stormwater Irrigation + Mitigation Resilient Landscape
A New Spectacle Design Approach Precedents The Vision
51
2022 Summer Scholars
Abhishek Ambekar
Kelly Clark
Shuqi Liu
Lizandro Marcial-Armas
Raleigh Scholar
Clemson Scholar
Raleigh Scholar
Raleigh Scholar
M.Arch Candidate McGill University
M.Arch Candidate University of Virgina
M.Arch Candidate Cornell University
M.Arch + M.LA Candidate North Carolina State University
Bachelor of Architectural Studies University of Waterloo (‘21)
BA. in Architecture Clemson University (‘22)
BS. In Architecture Studies University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (‘20)
BFA in Interior Architecture University of North Carolina at Greensboro (‘20)
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Hanbury Nicholas E. Vlattas
Summer Scholar Program
A Continued Legacy Named in honor of Nick Vlattas, founding member of the firm, former COO, and practicing for 40 years, our Summer Scholars program is inspired by Nick’s passion for growing our profession and attracting the best and brightest young talent to Hanbury. The summer scholar program is integral to the firm’s strategic thinking to inspire and nurture new design talent and to grow the firm’s global outreach. A rich experience, the scholars program provides housing, training, design trips and special project opportunities from professionals in all of our offices. Collaborative learning is fundamental to the program’s continued success among the scholars and design professionals at Hanbury. The scholars are able to gain professional expertise from Hanbury’s design professionals, who become their mentors. The mentorship results in professional growth across all levels of experience.
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8
8: Lars Bredahl
Crabtree Valley Mall promotional signage, 1968
PREFACE
Project Introduction Throughout the U.S. malls have been becoming vacant, sparking conversations around how to re-utilize these massive structures surrounded by a sea of parking. On the flip side, some malls are still thriving economically, but fail to respond to today’s social, environment, and needs. Crabtree Valley Mall being a prime example of this, however, there is speculation that Crabtree was unethically developed on a floodplain and even violates the violating the EPA Clean Water Act of 1972. Due the to severe flooding issues stemming from failing stormwater management, including impervious surfaces, massive parking, building structures, and lack of strategic planting. Established in 1972, Crabtree Valley Mall is currently a 1.3 million square foot enclosed shopping mall located just off the outskirts of the city of Raleigh in North Carolina. It serves as the largest shopping center in the Research Triangle Area - comprised of three prominent towns including Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill. With Crabtree Valley Mall going on the market just shy of its 50th birthday, it begs the questions: What could happen to the mall and the surrounding lot that it sits on? How can Crabtree Valley mall meet the evolving needs of the community, and larger city, that it is part of? Looking into the future of the site, it has been considered as adaptive reuse, which refers to the process of reusing an existing building for a purpose other than which it was originally built or designed for. It is an effective strategy for optimizing the operational and commercial performance of built assets. Alternatively, redeveloping the site in a more resilient and holistic approach will maximize its potential. This entails giving back to the ecology and embracing the challenge of flooding, while not undershooting the potential density that the site can hold. The Summer Scholar have connect with various city officials and departments to gather information regarding the City of Raleigh’s plans for this area, as well as looking into the history and ecology of the site. In doing so, the proposal for this site in terms of design, planning, and community engagement. Raleigh Mayor Travis Tomlinson (far right) is seen with Crabtree Valley Mall developers Seby Jones, Don Schaff and Sam Longiotti at the public announcement of the project. (2 October 1968) 9: N&O Negative Collection, State Archives of North Carolina
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10
Shopping Malls in America Approaching nearly 75 years since the birth of shopping malls in America, the popularity of malls, trends, and consumer habits of shoppers have dramatically evolved. The period between the early 1950’s-late 60’s marked the rapid development of over 4,000 enclosed shopping malls beginning with Southdale Mall in 1956 designed by Victor Gruen. Gruen, a European Architect cited as the ‘Father of the American Mall’ envisioned it as a climate-controlled environment for retail consumerism, located in the center of American suburbs. The popularity and cultural relevance of American malls continued to flourish through the 1970’s-90’s as malls became socially-activated sites for television shows, films, and music performances. Transitioning into the 2000’s, the decline of shopping malls became evident through the stagnant growth of shopping malls, with less than 20% of the total number of malls in America constructed since the late 1960’s. Most recently, major department stores, referred to as anchor stores drawing in high revenue for shopping malls have declared bankruptcy, resulting in several mall closures across the country.
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PRELIMINARY RESEARCH
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M CREE D
OOR RD
L E A D MINE
.
R D.
Cu
rre
nt C
ra bt
re
e
SIT
Cr ee k
E CVM History
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1954
Crabtree site in 1954, prior to Mall development. 14 14a-b: State Achieves of North Carolina
Flooding Events
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E BLU
Cra b tr ee
. RD E G RID
Cr
ee
k
GLE NW OOD AVE .
CVM History + Flooding Event Timeline
M
Se
CRABTREE VALLEY MALL HISTORY
Lord & Taylor upper level became Belk Men’s Store
27.69’
27.28’
Hurricane Fran flooded the first floor, a few stores closed for 2 months FLOOD RESILIENSY PROGRAMS
CRABTREE VALLEY DEVELOPED 1972
SHELLEY LAKE & LAKE LYNN BUILT FOR FLOOD CONTROL 1975, 1976
LAKE CRABTREE BUILT 1989
GREENWAY PATH BUILT 1999
June: Tropical Storm Alberto flooded lower level parking & bottom level anchor store
Lower level parking & small part of main building flooded March: Lower level parking & small part of main building flooded July 16: Creek rose 8ft, road surrounding the mall closed, parking lot flooded
Ready to be sold
Crabtree special police became unarmed private security through Professional Security Consultants
2020 TS ETA 2020
2019
16.23’
HURRICANE MICHAEL 2018
UNNAMED
20.76’
2018
22.32’
2016 UNNAMED
2013 TS ANDREA 2013
TS HANNA 2008
2010
HURRICANE MATTHEW 2016
22’ - GLENWOOD AVE. FLOODS
2008
2 anchors remaining: Bulk and Macy’s
22.70’
21.5’
18’ - WATER ENTERS MALL
20’
2007
Sears closed
Lord & Taylor lower level became more stores + H&M
19.51’
GREENWAY PATH
2006
18.47’
1996
14’ - LOWER PARKING AREAS FLOOD
15’
FIELD MARKERS REPRESENT FLOODS WITH CRESTS ABOVE 20’
1995
TS ALBERTO 2006
FLOOD DATA UNRELIABLE FOR YEARS 1973-96
1994
23.77’
1993
HURRICANE DENNIS 2005
1992
TS KYLE 2002
1989
18.45’
1984-85
TS DENNIS 2000
Mid 1970s
HURRICANE FLOYD 1999
1972
3 restaurant added to the deck
Lord & Taylor closed Hecht’s became Macy’s
15.52’
1971
A new proposal (not start): Sears became a 30 story tower including retails, offices and hotels
New parking deck east of Belk completed
Sears became small shops Thalhimer’s became connected to the new Hecht’s Facing more Hecht’s competition A 40*110ft section (vs. Cary Former Hecht’s became of parking deck Towne Lord & Taylor collapsed 3 months Center) Sears closed after rebuilt
HURRICANE FRAN 1996
1967
The courtyard (a mall within mall area) installed above G.C. Murphy
The mall remodeled including adding specialty stores and food court at the court, and removing the fiberglass fountain
UNNAMED
1957
BOTTOM OF CREEK
Anchors: Belk, Sears, Miller & Rhoads, Thalhimer’s Private police A convenience center near the shopping force (unarmed, able to arrest) center opened
UNNAMED
The site owned by Kidd Brewer was zoned for a shopping center
The property and plans were traded to Plaza Associates, a group aiming to form newest shopping complex in the south
The courtyard renamed into thWe pavilion and promoted The convenience center promoted
Major expansion started Murphy, Miller & Rhoads, Piccadilly closed
16.79’ HURRICANE DANNY 1997
The shopping mall opened in Aug 1972
25.28’
FLOODING HISTORY
Mall main entrance rebuilt
The Second Renovation
2022
Second Floor Plan
Interior Corridor
Parking Deck: Ground Level
N
Ground Floor Plan NW
NE
JUN 21
W
Anchor Department Stores Retail & Lifestyle Stores Eating & Dining Stores
2022
Present day, with the ghosted 1954 Crabtree Creek path.
Essential Services
59.8° 118.5°
EN
W
OO D
15
16
AV
E.
DEC 21
SW SE
Vacant Retail Stores Circulation Corridor
E
GL
S
Sun Path Diagram
[Top] Crabtree Interior, [Bottom] Ground level Parking Deck
Existing Condition
Generated $500 million in sales annually, in addition to $62 million in resturants seles. The mall offers 1,370,000 sqft. of retail space and current about 8% of that space is vacant. Crabtree Main Entrance, intersection of Glenwood Ave. and Marriott Dr.
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Crabtree Valley Mall
od
o nw
Th
Gle
eB
elt lin
e
William B. Umstead State Park
. Ave
Downtown Raleigh
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Demographics 12.7% Black 4.0% Other 3.9% Asain 76.9% White Ethnic Diversity
$69,237 Median household Income
3.53% Population Growth in 10 years w/in 1 mile radius
Zoning Diagram
The mall is situated in a high-traffic zone, the intersection of Glenwood Ave, and the I-440 Beltline. Due to the proximity to the beltline your are able to get anywhere in less then 30 minutes within Raleigh. This proximity, makes the mall extremely accessible through public transit.
Commercial
Office
Single-Family
Multi-Family
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10 Mile Trail System
Greenway
Greenway Trail System The Raleigh Greenway trail offers more than 100 miles of paved greenway within city limits. There is also a proposed expansion in the coming years to start to connect to major neighborhoods and suburbs around the city limits. Many of the trails now serve to connect sequences of parks and open green areas, as well as some commercial centers. Crabtree Valley Mall is directly connected to the existing greenway and is also included in future development plans. Its proximity to the creek as well as William B. Umstead State Park offers immense opportunity for the site to be ecologically friendly. The connection to the trails also allows the site to be easily connected to surrounding neighborhoods. Surrounding the site is heavily wooded while also commercial, but lacks open green space for recreation and leisure. With the area being heavily residential, a green space would be substantial addition.
Greenway Trail Vegetation Water Body
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Crabtree Creek experiences severe stormwater related flooding. A 16 foot water level warrants an action stage, representing the needs of action to mitigate flood for ignificant hydrologic activities) possible damage to hydraulic services. This occurs about possible s tion for repara s in p 4-5 months out of the year. ction on a R
ON TI AC
ft 16
E( AG ST
f ds o nee the ting sen e r ep
18.29’
16.23’
gati miti
13.49’
13.58’ 12.91’
14.19’ 74°F
11.54’ 11.04’
100°F
79°F
15.81’ 18.38’ 9.05’ 9.75’
5.50’
5.29’
5.32’
5.31’
96°F
46.26°F
5.28’
5.26’
68.59°F
52.11°F
5.70’
5.49’
18 .28
’
100°F
72.98°F
5.25’
26°F
5.54’
46°F
78.28°F
27°F
6.39’
102°F 44°F 57°F
6.17’
5.5 4’
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Apr
An
al
20 eed
19 -
20 22
Oct
Oct
CLIMATE ANALYSIS
D WIN
Sep Aug Jul
7 mph S ON TI AC
E( AG ST
c on a gati miti
tions
p in pre
ible for poss aration
16.23’
74°F 11.04’
Feb
9.05’ 9.75’
5.29’
5.32’
5.31’
’
5.28’
5.26’
68.59°F
52.11°F
5.70’
100°F
72.98°F
5.25’
26°F
5.54’
46°F
20 19 -
20
78.28°F
27°F
6.39’
May
96°F
46.26°F
5.49’
18 .28
8 mph SW
5.50’
102°F 44°F 57°F
6.17’ Nov
022
ed
022 9-2
D WIN
201 9-2
sts
9-2 022 Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
15°
F
Hig
h
62.29
°F
Dec
Aug
n
10
rec
tio
2°F
ind
Di
10 mph SW
Jan
79°F
Nov
201
l Gu
Ann ual
42.38°F
Oct
l
nua
022
15°F
ge
al Low
Sep
Tota Ann
ual
An
N
l Avera
Feb
77°F
65° F
8 mph SW
46.05°F
75° F COM FOR T Z ONE
TIO P RECIPITA
Mar
Jan
22°F
W
3.46” 3.00”
we ou th
Ann
3.47”
es t-S
8 mph WSW
3.29”
W
9 mph WSW
st
(W
SW
)
9 mph WSW
mp h
2.43”
3.55”
22
3.15”
4.12”
3.80”
3.49” 3.77”
Di re
cti
42.
64”
on
5.10”
ON
An
22
nu a
erag
42.38°F
e
79°F
Low
15° F
lH igh
62.2 9°F
Dec Nov Oct Sep
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
The annual average temperature is a comfortable 62 degrees, with temperatures as low as 15 in the winter and 102 in the summer months.
10
2°F
ind
10 mph SW
W
3.46”
t(
W
SW
)
3.00”
8 mph WSW
ou th we s
9 mph WSW
es t-S
22
9 mph WSW
77°F
15°F
65° F
Feb
89°F
56.05°F
23°F
Mar
Annua
Apr
Feb
26°F
Apr
Jan
May
8 mph SW
88°F 60.91°F
May
Annu
8 mph SW
36°F
Jun
Jun
8 mph SW
TI P RECIPITA
Mar
67.54°F Jul
CLIMATE ANALYSIS
Jul
96°F Aug
URE ERAT MP TE
Spe
Aug
53°F
Sep
An
ual
Oct
Nov
Sep
7 mph S
76.22°F
Nov
Oct 7 mph ENE
Apr
100°F
59°F
Dec
Dec 8 mph W
8 mph SW
80.17°F
Dec
20 19 -2 02 2
Oct
l
Sep
ual Tot a
Aug
46.05°F
75° F COM FOR T Z ONE
Ann
7 mph WNW
201 9-2
ts
Jul
E CREEK TRE AB LEVEL CR ATER W
nua l
Gu s
Jun
Apr Mar Feb Jan
An
201
h
nu al
May
5.5 4’
8 mp
8 mph WSW
al Av
Ann ual
15.81’ 18.38’
22°F
Jan
Annu
89°F
56.05°F
23°F
Mar
100°F
79°F
26°F
Apr
Jun
13.49’
11.54’
88°F 60.91°F
May
significant hydrologic activities)
13.58’ 12.91’
14.19’
36°F
Jun
18.29’
f ds o nee the ting sen pre Re
ft 16
67.54°F Jul
Nov
7 mph ENE
96°F Aug
Dec 8 mph W
53°F
Sep
URE ERAT MP TE
Ann ual Sp
7 mph WNW
nu
22
E CREEK TRE B A LEVEL CR ATER W
76.22°F
Nov
-20
Feb Jan
100°F
59°F
Dec
Mar
8 mph WSW
80.17°F
Dec
19
ph
Jun
20
8m
May
3.47” 3.29”
18 .28
’
5.25’
26°F
5.54’
46°F
78.28°F
27°F
6.39’
102°F 44°F 57°F
6.17’ Aug
Dec
22
5.5 4’
8 mph WSW
E CREEK TRE B A LEVEL CR ATER W
Jan
An
al
20 eed
19 -
20 22
Aug
CLIMATE ANALYSIS
D WIN
Aug Jul
7 mph S
36°F
Jun
Feb
Annu
20 19 -
Apr
20 19 -2 02 2
20
ON
77°F
al Av
22
nu a
erag
42.38°F
e
79°F
Low
15° F
lH igh
62.2 9°F
Dec Nov Oct
l ual Ann
An
15°F
Sep
Tot a
ts Gu s
nu al An
46.05°F
75° F COM FOR T Z ONE
8 mph SW
22°F
65° F
TI P RECIPITA
Mar
Jan
56.05°F
23°F
Mar
Jan
May
Feb
26°F
Apr
Ann ual
8 mph SW
88 60.91°F
May
Jun
8 mph SW
67.54°F Jul
Oct Sep
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
on
10
Di re
cti
2°F
ind
10 mph SW
W
3.46” 3.00”
ou th
3.47”
es t-S
8 mph WSW
W
3.29”
m
ph
2.43”
3.55”
3.15”
22
4.12”
3.80”
3.49” 3.77”
64”
5.10”
42.
9 mph WSW
we s
t(
W SW
)
9 mph WSW
76.22°F
53°F
Sep
Nov
7 mph ENE
10
59°F
Oct
Dec 8 mph W
Climate Analysis
URE ERAT MP TE
Ann ual Sp
7 mph WNW
nu
80.17°F
Nov
-20
ph
Oct
20 19
8m
Sep
Jul Nov Winds in the Crabtree Valley Jun Mall area average around Dec May 8mph annually with little variation over the seasons. Apr Winds moveMar mostly WSW, meaning most of the wind will originate Feb from the back of the site.
The area takes in about 42” of water annually. With rainfall being one of the biggest causes of flooding, we can see how the water level and precipitation numbers align.
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THE CHALLENGES
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Creek Green Corridor Open Space Corridor Pedestrian Access Points Primary Pedestrian Loop Mall Upper Level Pathway Upper- Level Vehicle Exits Ground - Level Vehicle Circulation
Traffic & Pedestrian Circulation
The mall is located along Glenwood Avenue, one of the major arteries connected the suburbs to Raleigh’s city center. Traffic has become a major concern over the years, with numerous accidents per day just outside of the mall alone. During holidays, the mall becomes a hot spot, and travel times can almost triple. Entering and exiting the mall is even more difficult, trying to enter a busy 8 lane road with traffic lights that seem to only last a split second. Pedestrian traffic does not come any easier. The mall is extremely pedestrian unfriendly, with narrow sidewalks and little pedestrian access from the outside. Pedestrians are forced to park and enter the mall or department store, with little to no other options. The path located along the creek experiences little traffic and even has acquired some homeless settlements located under the road bridge.
Busy intersection of Crabtree main entrance Glenwood Ave.
Vehicle Access Bus Stops Bus Routes Parking
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10 Mile Flooding Regulatory Greenway 1- 2% Annual Chance
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Lakes, Ponds, + Streams
Flooding
The site, initially green and full of ecology, is located on a floodplain along Crabtree Creek. The mall was built on top of a floodplain, most likely violating the later EPA Clean Water Act, meaning it is probable it would have never been built in today’s world. The mall has seen significant difficulties with flooding. The light pink designates higher flood risks within the larger (pink) floodplain. This area consumes about 1/3 of the mall site. However, as pictured in the left image, the entire site is still encapsulated by the flood plain. The floodplain primarily runs along the creek extending all the way to William B. Umstead State Park to the west and Neuse River to the east. Moreover, during severe storms and hurricanes areas extending past these plains have seen major flooding. Soils and soil content have also been a substantial issue for Crabtree Valley Mall. Many of the soils around the site and the creek can not withstand the amount of water that enters after even a simple rain shower. As of right now, the only mitigation strategies for entering floodwaters are sandbagging the doors and entries and closing the mall to the public.
.5 Mile Map Soil Prone Original Crabtree Creek Path
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Gl
en wo o
d
Av e
William B. Umstead State Park
Crabtree Valley Mall
I-4
Lake Crabtree
0
Crabtree Valley Mall is sited along Crabtree Creek, a Neuse River tribuatary that extends for 29 mile before feeding into the Neuse River. Several natural and man made lakes and reservoirs are located along the creek and collect some of the excess stormwater. Although many reservoirs have been created, stormwaters still overwhelm the capacity of the creek and flooding has continued to be a significant issue for both Crabtree Creek and the mall site itself.
CREEK FLOW
Rale igh B eltlin e
Cary
Lake Raleigh Lake Johnson
Dorothea Dix Park
Neuse River Ra le
igh B
eltl in
e
ab Cr
tr ee
Cree k
Downtown Raleigh
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[Left] Heading towards Crabtree From the beltline before crossing bridge (Hurricane Fran, Sept. 1996) ;a [Right] Crabtree Valley Mall parking deck next to the Crabtree Creek (to the left of deck) (Tropical Storm Alberto, June 2006; b)
[Left] Bird-eye view of Crabtree Valley Mall (Hurricane Fran, Sept. 1996); c [Right] Looking towards Creedmoor Rd. next to Creek (Storm Flood Event 2021); d
[Left] Raleigh Flash flooding event, aftermath [Right] Blue Ridge rd. just before intersection with Glenwood Ave. (Tropical Storm Alberto, June 2006); f
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9a: Mike Legeros, 9b: Raleighopolis, 9c,e: N&O, 9d: Gang of Three, 9f: North Carolina State University
c
e
b
d f
a
Flooding Diagram Regulatory Greenway
1- 2% Annual Chance
Lakes, Ponds, + Streams
The photos to the right show images of significant flooding events, many from heavy storms and hurricanes. The lower level of the mall has flooded numerous times causing almost millions of dollars of damage. Flood waters have closed roads, parking lots, and left many stranded without any means to escape. Some have even trekked through the flood by foot and swam to work since the water level was so high but the mall was still in operation. The structured parking along Glenwood Avenue has collapsed twice due to water and ground condition issues. Glenwood Avenue is one of the busiest streets leading to downtown, and due to this, floods frequently.
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FLOODING EVENTS
Hurricanes
Tropical Storms
Unknown
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Section A
Section B
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Section C
Section D
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POSSIBLE STRATEGIES
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Stormwater
Stormwater is water generated from natural precipitation and melting snow/ ice. Most commonly, it flows on rooftops, streets, parking lots, sidewalks, yards, and fields. In developed areas, various stormwater systems are setin place like storm drains or catch basins, pipes, and outfalls to transport the water away from these heavily occupied spaces. Once in the drain, they are often re-directed into natural bodies of water such as creeks, rivers, and lakes. Every stormwater system in developed areas has a conveyance system used to carry the stormwater and prevent flooding. As stormwater travels, it is infiltrated into the soil resulting in less stormwater that actually is able to reach the drain, and into a natural water body such as a river or a creek. Following excessive rainfall, the abundance of stormwater that is conveyed to a creek, river, or lake may exceed the physical capacity of the water body, resulting in erosion and flooding. This leads to environmental degradation and damage to an abundance of living organisms including fishes, aquatic animals, and other wildlife.
Stormwater consistently carries pollutants, trash, and debris as it makes it way to the storm drain. All users’ and their activities’ contribute to stormwater pollution especially when it comes to waste production, and the irresponsible management of it which then becomes disposed with the stormwater.
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Green Roofs
Constructed Wetlands
Cisterns & Rain Barrels
Green roofs incorporate vegetation and special media (natural and synthetic materials that promotes growth, infiltration and absorption) to maximize infiltration and evaportranspiration on roofs tops.
Different Water depth zones designed to support different wetland vegetation species which help capture and treat storm water runoff.
Harvest rainwater primarily from rooftops for reuse. Cisterns: Store rainwater in larger volumes in tanks for use in non-potable applications such as toilet flushing Rain Barrels: Placed at roof downspouts.
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Mitigation Strategies
Underground Detention
Underground Retention
Vegetated Swales
Capture and control storm water runoff by slowly releasing the water overtime.
Capture and infiltrate storm water runoff into the ground. Captured water infiltrates into existing soils.
Ditches of complex vegetated systems that promote some infiltration while conveying storm water runoff.
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Permeable Pavement
Level Spreader Vegetated Filter Strips
Dry Detention Basins
Specialty concrete or asphalt or interlocking paver brick/blocks that allows water to flow through it into a prepared bed for infiltration into the native soils
Long, thin, evenly laid strips of concrete that receive storm water flow and evenly distribute it to a downstream vegetated area
Predominantly dry between storm events and captured runoff.
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Wet Detention Basins
Bioretention Basins
Functions the same way as a dry detention basin but maintains a static level of water
A depressed area with special media and vegetation to maximize capture and infiltration. Unlike rain gardens, Bioretention basins have overflow drains. Can be long and narrow, but has to be deep in depth.
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Resilient Landscape
A newly-constructed meadow along Crabtree Creek’s greenway trail will help absorb and clean water from future floods in the area, while also providing an ecologically diverse habitat for plants and animals. A collection of twelve wildflower species native to North Carolina will be plotted, contributing to a vibrant, new landscape. In addition to that, three native tree species capable of tolerating floods will be planted along the creek and greenway trail along the wetlands portion.
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The Proposal
A NEW SPECTACLE
51
The current capitalist model towards redevelopment, restricted to the benefactor (private economy) and the beneficiary (consumers) will be challenged. The new model seeks to dissolve the distinction between the benefactor and the beneficiary by treating the private economy, the ecology, the consumers, and the community as equal stakeholders.
DESIGN APPROACH
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Density
Mixed-use developments ranging from individual and family housing, to dedicated office spaces, and food halls/marketplaces aims to transform the site of Crabtree Valley mall into a communityactivated, economic hub. Locating the majority of the density toward Glenwood Ave. to activate street front and give space to flooding hazards.
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Economy
Recreation
The mixed-use development will include residential units, retail businesses, offices, and commercial spaces that will maintain the site history of being a economic revenue and provide additional living conditions to assign the growing population of Raleigh.
A civic and landscape element will be implemented to enable the ecology of the area to thrive and co-exist within the urban conditions. A newly constructed public park will provide access to large green lawns designed for social interaction, sports recreation, and planting of shrubs, and trees.
Key Objectives
Ecology
Infrastructure
Mobility
Serves as the first line of defense against flooding, while giving back to the natural ecology of Crabtree Creek. This creates a buffer for the mix-use on the site and the residential surrounding the site. Elevated pathways along the creek allow for people to experience the ecology of the area.
Roadways will benefit from permeable materials including porous asphalt in order to allow storm water infiltration through the surface and into the soil. In addition, elevated footpaths including bridges, and planting on top and adjacent to existing parking lots will create a resilient infrastructure.
Newly added, as well as extended pedestrian and bike dedicated paths will improve accessibility while efficiently re-directing vehicular traffic to parking lots in a safe manner. The destination for the existing local bus stop will be moved to the intersection of Glenwood Ave and Creedmoor Road to enhance connectivity on the site.
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Lexington Town Branch Commons | Lexington, Kentucky Revealing a Creek
Civitas was a finalist in an international design competition to propose the day-lighting of the historic Town Branch Creek which runs in pipe below the core of downtown Lexington, KY. Once the reason for establishment of the town, and the source of water and power for mills, the creek was buried more than 100 years ago due to water quality and flooding concerns. As part of a visionary downtown plan for the community, town leaders sought to embed new life to downtown by forming a greater dialogue between the creek and the greenway, it’s public space, and in economic and social innovation. Civitas proposed designing the creek as a sequence of distinct events that related to each block of the downtown, with emphasis on making the creek visible, safe and available for play. A sequence of streetscape, plaza and parks were proposed to give identity to the districts of this historic downtown. Civitas also proposed removal of a centrally located elevated roadway and replacement with a new
CASE STUDIES
park that sits atop a building, bridges across Vine Street, and connects the University of Kentucky with the Transit Center, the Town Branch Commons, City Hall and Main Street.
Thornton Place | Seattle, Washington Green Infrastructure as Urban Placemaking
Thornton Place converted a 9-acre suburban parking lot into a dense, mixed-use community centered on 2.7 acres of new open space. An attractive daylit stormwater channel, financed by a revolving public fund, treats runoff from 680 acres of the Thornton Creek watershed, while providing open space, habitat and pedestrian connections to the surrounding neighborhood. The project also reduced the site’s impervious surfaces by 78 percent, allowing more stormwater to absorb into the ground, instead of becoming runoff. Parking is shared with a nearby transit facility, reducing the overall need by 200 spaces. Effective site design can turn constraints, like stormwater and parking needs, into opportunities. Natural systems can be returned to long-degraded environments and provide welcome amenities even in dense urban development. Public-private partnerships can deliver efficient solutions that serve policy goals. Parking can be shared among compatible uses, reducing costs and site impacts.
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The 606 | Chicago, IL
Urban Planting and Park Series Chicago’s 606, also known as the Bloomingdale Trail, is a 2.7-mile-long linear park built on an abandoned elevated rail line. The landscape architects converted the unused line into a richly planted walking, running, and cycling trail, a six-year process that involved removing decaying structural elements and adapting the 39 railroad bridges. In addition to transforming the trail itself, the landscape architects created or extended “access parks” at street level and seven additional access points to connect the project to the Wicker Park, Bucktown, Humboldt Park, and Logan Square neighborhoods. The team worked closely with the city government, the Trust for Public Land, the Friends of the Bloomingdale Trail nonprofit, and the surrounding communities to turn the ambitious plans for Bloomingdale Trail into an enduring, environmentally sustainable, and universally accessible urban amenity. The 606 offers cyclists and pedestrians the rare opportunity to traverse the city uninterrupted, with connections to major vehicular intersections, bus routes, the CTA Blue Line, and historic Humboldt Boulevard provided via ramps. The access point at Humboldt Avenue, near the midpoint of the trail, links 606 users to a major north/south greenway and to 200-acre Humboldt Park to the south.
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The project received a substantial TIGER grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation, in recognition of its importance as a transportation corridor.
The Metropolitan Promenade l Columbia, Maryland Artful Landscape Design for Stormwater Management
The Metropolitan Downtown Columbia, one element in the master plan for Downtown Columbia, Maryland, is the first new mixed-use, multifamily project to be developed in the area, which eventually will incorporate a vibrant, walkable downtown that will complement what was formerly an inwardfocused mall. Developed by Kettler, the six-story, 375-unit apartment building features ground-floor retail space that faces a 0.82-acre promenade, designed by the Design Collective.
visitors. The simple, affordable and artistic design aims to increase sensitivity to and appreciation of environmental impacts.
The promenade transforms stormwater into an experiential, educational amenity. On a rainy day, restaurant patrons experience the stormwater management system at work. Water flows from scuppers in the building facade into exposed runnels, then spills into visible troughs that patrons can traverse. The runnels also feed long, linear stormwater planters along both sides of the lawn, with metal grate bridges crossing them, allowing patrons to see water collecting beneath their feet. The stormwater management system is accompanied by educational signage that educates both children and adults about stormwater management and sustainability. Engraved quotes on low walls – which also serve as seating – and interpretative panels further communicate educational concepts to
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PARKS & RECREATION Event Lawn
Children Playground
INFRASTRUCTURE Activity Lawn
Drive Path Greenery under Skylights
Pedestrian Path/ Plaza
Community Garden
Recreation Green Edge
Parking Decks (Mixed-use)
Rain Garden
INFRASTRUCTURE Drive Path
Green Edge
Event Lawn
Activity Lawn
Community Garden Rain Garden
Dog Park
PARKS & RECREATION INFRASTRUCTURE Greenway Trail Event Lawn Drive Path
Green Parking Deck
Dog Park Pedestrian Path/
RETAIL Plaza & ENTERTAINMENT Transit Parking Decks Hub (Mixed-use)
PARKS & RECREATION
Garden
Event Lawn
Office Children
Playground MIXED USE INFRASTRUCTURE Restaurants Drive Path Greenery under Skylights
PARKS & RECREATION
Green Parking Deck
Transit Hub
Community Market Garden
Office
Rain Garden
VISION Restaurants
Recreation
Elevated Activity Lawn Trail Dog Park
Greenery under Skylights Green Parking Deck
Residences Pedestrian CommunityPath/
Recreation
Transit Parking Decks Rain Garden Hub (Mixed-use)
Market Greenway Trail
Office Dog Park
Green Parking Deck
Children
Restaurants Greenery Transit under Hub Skylights
Elevated Trail Residences Market
Retails Recreation Office
MIXED USE
Dog Park
Residences
RETAIL & ENTERTAINMENT
Greenway Trail Restaurants
Green Parking Deck Retails
Elevated Trail
Greenery Parking Decks under Skylights (Mixed-use)
Rain Garden
Playground MIXED USE RETAIL & ENTERTAINMENT
RETAIL & ENTERTAINMENT
Children Path/ Pedestrian Playground Plaza
Children Playground Greenway Trail
Garden Plaza RETAIL & ENTERTAINMENT
Retails Recreation Green Edge
Greenway Trail Event Lawn
Activity Lawn Green Edge
PARKS &Community RECREATION Market
Activity Lawn
MIXED USE
Elevated Trail
Residences
Elevated Trail
Green Green Edge Edge
FRASTRUCTURE NFRASTRUCTURE Drive Drive Path Path
PARKS RECREATION PARKS & & RECREATION Pedestrian Path/ Pedestrian Path/ Plaza Plaza Event Event Lawn Lawn
NFRASTRUCTURE
Parking Parking Decks Decks (Mixed-use) (Mixed-use) Drive Path Pedestrian Path/ Activity Activity Lawn Lawn Plaza ARKS ARKS & & RECREATION RECREATION INFRASTRUCTURE Green Green Edge Edge
Drive Path Children Children Community Parking Decks Community Playground Playground Garden (Mixed-use) Garden
Event Event Lawn Lawn Green Edge
NFRASTRUCTURE
ARKS & RECREATION Drive Path Activity Lawn
Pedestrian Greenery Greenery Rain Green Edge Path/ Rain Garden Garden under Plaza Skylights under Skylights Event Lawn Children INFRASTRUCTURE PARKS &Playground RECREATION Community Recreation Parking Green Edge Recreation Community Dog Park Dog ParkDecks Garden Garden (Mixed-use) Drive Path Event Lawn Greenery Activity Lawn INFRASTRUCTURE NFRASTRUCTURE under Skylights ARKS & RECREATION RETAIL & ENTERTAINMENT RETAIL Greenway & ENTERTAINMENT Rain Greenway Rain Garden Garden Drive Path Path/ Drive Path Pedestrian Trail Trail Green Edge Event Lawn Children Plaza Activity Lawn Transit Recreation Community Transit Playground Garden Hub Hub Green Dog Green Parking Parking Deck Deck Dog Park Park PARKS &Green RECREATION Edge Parking Decks Green Edge Greenery Activity Lawn Community Office Greenway Rain Garden (Mixed-use) Office under Skylights Garden Trail Event Lawn ETAIL ETAIL & & ENTERTAINMENT ENTERTAINMENT Activity Lawn
ARKS & RECREATION PARKS & RECREATION MIXED MIXED USE USE Community Recreation Rain Garden Transit Market Transit Market Green Parking Deck Dog Park Garden Event Lawn Hub Hub
ETAIL & ENTERTAINMENT Rain Garden Office
Office Activity Lawn Transit Hub IXED IXED USE USE Dog Park Community Garden Restaurants Restaurants Office Rain Garden
Hub Restaurants Dog Park Office
Office Retails
Elevated Elevated Trail Trail
Greenery Greenery under under Skylights Skylights Elevated Elevated Pedestrian Path/ Recreation Recreation Trail Plaza Trail Parking Decks Greenway Greenway Trail (Mixed-use) Trail Elevated
Trail Green Green Parking Parking Deck Deck Pedestrian Path/ Children Plaza Playground
Elevated Trail
Pedestrian Path/ Parking Decks Elevated Plaza Greenery Market Market Trail (Mixed-use) under Skylights Parking Decks Recreation (Mixed-use) Children Playground
Event Lawn Children Activity Lawn Playground Restaurants Restaurants
Greenway Elevated Children Trail Greenery Trail Playground Residences under Skylights Residences
Greenway Dog Park Activity Trail Lawn Greenery Community under Retails Market Garden RetailsSkylights
Green Parking Deck Greenery Recreation under Skylights
Green Parking Deck Community Recreation Rain Garden Garden Residences Residences Transit Hub
Recreation Greenway Market Trail
Rain Garden Greenway Dog Park
Greenway Green Trail Parking Deck
Residences
Pedestrian Path/ Green Parking Deck Plaza
Transit Restaurants
Market Residences Parking Decks (Mixed-use) Market
Trail INFRASTRUCTURE Market Office
Drive Path RETAIL & ENTERTAINMENT Dog Park Green Parking Deck MIXED USE
Retails RETAIL & ENTERTAINMENT ETAIL & ENTERTAINMENT Hub Green Edge MIXED USE Transit Restaurants Hub
Children Children Playground Playground
Elevated Trail Elevated Trail
RETAIL & ENTERTAINMENT
ETAIL & ENTERTAINMENT
IXED USE Retails Transit Retails
Parking Parking Decks Decks (Mixed-use) (Mixed-use)
Transit Market
Office PARKS &Residences RECREATION Retails Hub Event Lawn MIXED USE Office
Children Playground
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Elevated Trail
Densifying Mixed-use developments ranging from individual and family housing, to dedicated office spaces, and food halls/marketplaces aims maintain Crabtree Valley mall economic hub, while providing community amenities. Locating the majority of the density toward Glenwood Ave. to activate street front minimize the damage in case of flooding. The aims was to increase the floor gross footage 62
to maximize the site, while providing ecological spaces.
Vehicular & Pedestrian Circulation Dedicated paths are provided from all major roads surrounding the site for automobiles, buses, and bikers. Pedestrians will benefit from footpaths that connect the greenway trail adjacent to Crabtree Creek to the site, and it’s mixed-use amenities. 63
Planting Strategy A mixture of native, horticultural, and flood-tolerant grass species, shrubs, and trees are planted to build a resilient site. The planting strategy is implemented across three zones: the wetlands zone (in green), the rain gardens marked (in purple), and the roof garden (in blue). The aim is to sustain as much water on the site to prevent downstream flooding, while providing a beautiful outdoor experience. 64
Overall Scheme A community-activated hub is created in the site previously occupied by Crabtree Valley Mall. It is achieved by clustering dense, mixed-use buildings for retail, residential, food, and commercial use, around centralized open spaces, and landscape features including a pond, and cultivated gardens intended for civic and recreational enjoyment. 65
The first phase involves the demolition of strip mall retail businesses, and parking decks along the southeast, south, and southwest orientation of the site.
The second phase converts the existing parking deck into a ‘green parking deck’ by creating voids across all parking levels that will become light wells and including a rooftop garden. Mixed-use developments will be built along the portion of the site previously demolished in phase one.
A program diagram was developed using the key objectives to formulate an understanding on how th site could function. The third phase involves the demolition of the east parking deck facing Glenwood Avenue, and the Macy’s department store, an anchor store in Crabtree Valley Mall. Mixed-use developments will be built along the portion of the site previously demolished in phase 2.
In order to achieve the vision of the site, the site was divide into four zones; the strip mall, The Creek Parking Deck Glenwood Parking Deck, and The Heart (the original mall). During each phase these zones are being re purposed, demolished, or redeveloped in order to achieve the final vision of the site.
PHASING
The fourth phase involves the demolition of the entire mall. Mixed-use developments will be built along the portion of the site previously demolished in phase 3.
The fifth phase, the civic heart of the project is formed through the construction of an outdoor recreational space in the center surrounded by mixed-use development, and an elevated trail for pedestrians and bikers that connects Glenwood Ave to Crabtree Valley Avenue.
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THE POND 68
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Proposed Phase 1a: Demolition
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The Strip Mall
Ideation Sketches
Existing Condition
Along the northeast plot of the site along Glenwood Avenue and Blue Ridge Road, the ‘isolated’ buildings adjacent to Crabtree Valley Mall, ranging from banks, financial services establishments, a jewelery shop, auto-repair shop, and other retail or food establishments will be demolished. Existing roadways on the site will be kept as is, accessible only to construction workers responsible for the demolition work.
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Strip Mall Program Diagram
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Strip Mall Revisioned
Vehicular Circulation Proposed Greenway Trail + Pedestrian Path A mix of hardscape and Softscape Designated Wetland/Water Gardens
The strip mall area has potential for the site to be reclaimed by the ecology along the Crabtree Creek and provide mid-rise building along Glenwood. Part of this phase would be to clean up Crabtree Creek and restore a pond that used to be located in this area of the site before the development of Crabtree. The water feature could be used for recreational purpose, as well as a water mitigation strategies in times for heavy rain fall. Surround it would a variety outdoor amenities such as children playgrounds, greenway trail, community gardens etc.
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PLAYGROUND
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Proposed Phase 2a: Re-purposing Creekside Parking Deck
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Creekside Parking Deck
Ideation Sketches
Existing Condition
The portion of the site, previously occupied by the ‘isolated’ strip mall buildings (now demolished) will be replaced by mid-rise, mixed-use development (parking, office, retail, and residential) along Glenwood Avenue, and a one and two story building for public use and recreation near the center. Meanwhile, the existing two, three, and four story parking deck adjacent to Crabtree creek will be renovated to include a vegetated rooftop garden and skylights to increase access to natural light. 79
Re-purposing Creekside Parking Deck ideation
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Creekside Parking Deck Revisioned
Vehicular Circulation Proposed Greenway Trail + Pedestrian Path A mix of hardscape and Softscape Designated Wetland/Water Gardens
The Creekside Parking Deck area would be primary reclaimed by the ecology and be used as buffer zone to allow the creek to flood. In addition, park and recreational amenities for the community would be located throughout the zone to use and be reclaimed by the pedestrians and bicyclist. There would be addition points of connection to the greenway trail.
Final Conditions
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Vision
Part of this effort would be to slowly remove the parking deck structure, to be able to be reclaimed by the ecology along Crabtree Creek. Re-purposing Creekside Parking Deck
RE THINKING PARKING DECKS
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Final Site Condition Section
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PLAZA
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Re-purposing Creekside Parking Deck
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Glenwood Side Parking Deck
Ideation Sketches
Resilient planting will be employed along the edge of Crabtree Creek to give back to the existing ecology and assist with flooding in addition to a bio-retention pond that can be used for public recreation. The mall’s prominent anchor store, Macy’s, on the intersection of Glenwood Avenue and Creedmoor Road will be demolished in addition to the parking deck facing Glenwood Avenue in order to enhance foot, and vehicular access to the mixed-use complex. Existing Condition
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Vision
Re-purposing Glenwood Parking Deck
RE THINKING PARKING DECKS
Vehicular Circulation Re-purposing Glenwood Parking Deck ideation
The Glenwood Parking Deck area would be primary reclaimed by the pedestrian, to enhances the main approach into Crabtree valley mall. Part of phase would to start minimizing the amount of parking on the top level of the deck and repurpose it for pedestrian plaza, green roofs and permeable surfaces.
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Proposed Phase 2b: Final Site Condition Section
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EVENT LAWN
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Mall Demolition
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Full Mall Demolition
Vehicular Circulation Proposed Pedestrian Path
All retail establishments, food establishments, and anchor stores (i.e. Belk Men’s, and Belk Women’s) within Crabtree Valley Mall will be demolished or repurposed. As well, another midrise, mixed-use building development will be placed along Creedmoor Road and Glenwood Avenue. During this phase, a new roadway from Glenwood Avenue close to Creedmoor Road will also be constructed for vehicular, bike, and pedestrian access.
Final Site Plan
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Visioned site section, looking towards Glenwood Ave.
SITE SECTION
The Hopes
The shift in consumer consumption from traditional commerce to e-commerce, in recent years, have had shopping malls across America dying off. Failing to adapt to the social demands, in which extend past just traditional commerce has led malls to ultimately fail. Although Crabtree is alive and well now, there is still a possibility that it may face this reality in its future.
Project Contributors + Critics Hanbury City of Raleigh Gang of Three North Carolina State University Surface678
With the Crabtree Valley Mall going on sale, it provides an opportunity to re-image what a Mall can be not just for today’s needs but for the future ones as well. It can become a new spectacle for people to experience, admire, and enjoy. It would be adaptable with the social shifts and needs of it community. Its the aspiration of the summer scholar to start a conversation to show the potential of what Crabtree could become, through a holistic lens in which community and the ecology is also considered. This research and design model can serve as a future resource for future development to start a conversation. The goal of this research project was not to push for another gentrification development but to start to rethink how an existing site could enhances the social environment, economical standing, and existing ecological demands of the site.
Main Entrances
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Special Thanks: Adam Schultz Austin Chappell Claire Shue Jesse Green William H. Dodge Wayne Mile Ken Bowers Jason Myers Ashely Mongometry Elizabeth Morgan Shawna Mabie
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Sources Preface: American Mall History Timeline https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-07-02-hl-1724-story.html https://www.businessinsider.com/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-american-mall-2020-7 https://www.gobankingrates.com/money/economy/dying-malls/ https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/transformation-american-shopping-mall-180964837/ Images: pg. 8: Lars Bredhi: https://legeros.com/vanished-raleigh/images/ERM_Ral_68_11_-_5.jpg pg. 9: N&O Negative Collection, State Archieves of North Carolina: https://www.facebook.com/olderaleigh/posts/raleigh-mayor-travis-tomlinson-far-right-is-seen-with-crabtree-valley-malldevel/1929001213858821/ https://theraleighcommons.org/raleighpublicrecord/news/2014/07/18/more-multi-family-in-crabtree-valley-two-new-restaurants-coming-to-glenwood-ave/
Preliminary Research Crabtree History Timeline https://www.bizjournals.com/triangle/news/2012/08/02/slideshow-a-look-back-at-crabtree.html https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/718167 http://mall-hall-of-fame.blogspot.com/2008/12/ https://www.wral.com/holiday-memories-when-crabtree-had-a-two-story-fountain-and-a-secret-shop/20007170/ Crabtree Program Analysis: https://cityofraleigh0drupal.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/drupal-prod/COR22/AreaPlanCrabtree.pdf Site Demographics + City of Raleigh: https://www.wakegov.com/departments-government/planning-development-inspections/planning/planwake-comprehensive-plan https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/bd669619553b4a0b8b4a0961da9021d5 http://www.energyjustice.net/justice/index.php?gsLayer=income&gfLon=-78.67304738&gfLat=35.83946912&giZoom=14&gsGeo=tract&giAdvanced=1& https://www.wakegov.com/departments-government/planning-development-inspections/planning/social-equity-atlas https://www.unitedstateszipcodes.org/27612/ https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/raleighcitynorthcarolina https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/SEX255221 https://shopcrabtree.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Crabtree_2022_Leasing_Brochure.pdf Greenway Trail: https://cityofraleigh0drupal.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/drupal-prod/COR24/raleigh-greenway-map.pdf https://raleighnc.gov/greenways
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Index
Climate Analysis: https://www.usclimatedata.com/climate/raleigh/north-carolina/united-states/usnc0558 https://en.climate-data.org/north-america/united-states-of-america/north-carolina/raleigh-1714/ https://water.weather.gov/ahps2/hydrograph.php?wfo=rah&gage=rlhn7
The Challenges Traffic & Pedestrian: https://cityofraleigh0drupal.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/drupal-prod/COR28/CrabtreeValleyReportFINAL.pdf Flooding: Floodplain Management | Wake County Government (wakegov.com) UDO Article 14.pdf (amazonaws.com) FRIS (nc.gov) open (ncosfm.gov) https://ehs.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/EP-W-SW-Stormwater-Mgmt.pdf Stormwater | Raleighnc.gov Soil: https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/north_carolina/wakeNC1916/Soil_map.pdf Flooding Event Graphic: https://www.williamhdodge.com/city-of-raleigh-storm-memorial/k70kj0y29zjfly03stea1na2i386kb Images: Pg 36a Mike Legeros pg36b: Raleighopolis: http://raleighopolis.com/News/albertofloods.html pg.36c,e: N&O: https://www.facebook.com/newsandobserver/photos/a.475181425828135/1323981410948128/?type=3 pg.36d: Gang of Three: https://www.agangofthree.com/alluvial-decoder/57apjrgqkvtks9t8mpkqmvoa97stjg pg.36f: North Carolina State University
Possible Strategies Stormwater + Mitigation: https://www.epa.gov/greeningepa/stormwater-management-practices-epa-facilities#One https://www.nrdc.org/stories/green-infrastructure-how-manage-water-sustainable-way https://www.naiop. org/en/Research-and-Publications/Magazine/2017/Winter-2017-2018/Development-Ownership/Artful-Landscape-Design-for-Stormwater-Management https://nacto.org/publication/urban-street-stormwater-guide/planning-for-stormwater/#:~:text=Typically%2C%20a%20city%E2%80%99s%20stormwater%20management%20strategy%20
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is%20driven,for%20space%20and%20zoning%20codes%20shape%20development%20patterns. https://www.asla.org/2011awards/480.html https://www.arte-charpentier.com/en/perspective/rainwater-management-and-architecture/ https://greenworkspc.com/ourwork/tag/stormwater http://www.markkmorrison.com/greenroof https://www.centralcoastlidi.org/landscape.php https://app.racereach.com/virtualrace_photo.php?pid=pu_tzYg9DFqAAsR1647977121305425441&ppid=29186&fname=lakeorpondphoto https://www.pinterest.com/pin/383368987029046993/ http://gocomostormwater.blogspot.com/2013/06/level-spreader-at-parkside-mulch-site.html https://www.highpointnc.gov/731/Best-Management-Practices-BMP-Devices http://www.cedarhilllandscaping.com/bio-retention-planting-soil https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ONAQaMZs4gc http://www.geaugaswcd.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/Inspection_Maintenance_Underground_Stormwater.29081545.pdf Resilent Landscape: https://www.liftedlandscape.com/projects/the-pond-at-the-north-carolina-museum-of-art https://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/nisc-annual-work-plan https://wwww.ncartmusuem.org/pond
The New Spectacle Case Studies: Lexington Town Branch Commons: https://civitasinc.com/project/lexington-town-branch-commons/ The 606: https://www.the606.org/final-design-plans/ Thornton Place: https://www.seattle.gov/documents/Departments/OPCD/OngoingInitiatives/NorthgateStationAreaPlanning/CopyofNorthgateUDFFinal.pdf http://www.designforwalkability.com/caseone The Metropolitan Downtown: https://www.naiop.org/en/Research-and-Publications/Magazine/2017/Winter-2017-2018/Development-Ownership/Artful-Landscape-Design-for-Stormwater-Management https://www.designcollective.com/portfolio/project/kettler--howard-hughes--the-metropolitan-promenade/ https://www.maryannmears.com/projects/petal-play-0 Vision Images: https://studiogang.com/project/tom-lee-park https://architizer.com/projects/lebauer-park/ https://www.ojb.com/work/lebauer-park/
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https://www.som.com/projects/museum-campus-vision/ https://perkinswill.com/project/vridsloselille-denmark/ https://thisisraleigh.com/parks-in-raleigh-nc/ https://landezine.com/jin-wellbeing-county/ https://www.thehighline.org/history/? https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/home/the-high-line-has-been-sidelined-when-it-reopens-new-yorkers-may-get-the-park-they-always-wanted/2020/06/23/5e2a59e0-acd1-11ea94d2-d7bc43b26bf9_story.html Codes: https://user-2081353526.cld.bz/UnifiedDevelopmentOrdinance/204/ https://nacto.org/publication/urban-street-design-guide/street-design-elements/lane-width/ Rethinking Parking Deck: https://landezine.com/jin-wellbeing-county/ https://www.columbusddc.com/projects/columbus-commons https://www.edgela.com/work/columbus-commons/ https://blog.bluebeam.com/green-roofs/ https://www.meridenct.gov/city-services/parks-and-recreation/meriden-green/ https://www.archpaper.com/2017/01/meriden-green-mall-connecticut/ https://www.miloneandmacbroom.com/work/meriden-green http://www.meriden2020.com/FileRepository/DownloadFile.aspx?FileID=3 https://www.escofet.com/en/projects/streetscape/superilla-sant-antoni https://www.archdaily.com/601254/hhf-architects-transform-existing-parking-structure-into-public-destination/54e19b41e58ecec3f7000058-hhf-w116-parking_and_more-model-02-southview-01-jpg?next_project=no https://www.montcopa.org/DocumentCenter/View/9735/Green-Sustainable-Parking-Guide-2_10_2016-Web?bidId= Additional References: https://www.kanerealtycorp.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/10-2003-North-Hills-demolished.pdf
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HANBURY