JASHN-e-PUNJAB, Architectural Thesis by Harkunwar Singh Kanwal

Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

ARCHITECTURAL THESIS 2018

f JASHN - E - PUNJAB (Culture Rejuvenation Centre), AMRITSAR A/2563/2013

Introduction

Punjab,the land of the five rivers,has one of the oldest and richest cultures of the world. The Punjabi culture boasts rich cultural heritage in different fields like Philosophy ,poetry,spirituality,education ,artistry, music etc.People,Culture and Festivals of Punjab collectively form an enlightening social verve.While the people of Punjab are known for their strong determination ,the culture of the state presents a multi-hued heritage of ancient civilizations.However in Todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s date, the culture of the state is falling apart among its youth. Problems like drug abuse and migration from the state to different parts of the world for better prospects of life is decaying the cultural roots of the state.

Thesis Proposition This thesis proposes an Architectural intervention in city of Amritsar to influence the thinking of people and infuse a sense of pride in the public.The idea behind this project is to hit the psychological nerve of the people and make them spiritually aware about the rich culture they belong to and rejuvenate the socio-cultural essence of the city and the state.

Research Outcome(s)

Inferences â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Case Studies

1.The live festivals of Punjab throughout the year have been used as the basis to establish the functioning of the complex and the type of spaces that would be used in the complex. Also a detailed study is done on how sensitive public interventions like these within the city

Virasat-e-Khalsa The monumentality yet simplicity of the structure represents the sikh ideology and represents the people for which the project was intended. Use of materials and putting aesthetics over functions is debatable. Louvre, Abu Dhabi The bold architectural statement is important is such type of complexes.

effect the city and its socio cultural fabric.

Coordinator : Ar. Aruna Ramani Grover

HARKUNWAR SINGH

Site selection and Reading of the site The site is a brown field land constituting an abandoned bus workshop.It lies at the centre of the city and is next to the untreated land of Gobindgarh Fort on the left. The connectivity to the site is strong and creating a community celebration ground in this part of the city would add to the quality of life of the residents.

Strength 1. The Gobindgarh fort and Durgiana Mandir (300 M) proximity 2. Adjoining Community City Festival Ground acts as a magnet for people during festivals activating site

Weakness

Opportunity

Threat

1. Major road between the Mela ground and the site hampers the pedestrian connectivity between the two sites during the time of the festivals.

1. At urban level the site lies between two recreational parks of the city (Gobindgargh Park and Gol Bagh) As compared to the highly dense packed city. 2. Proximity to the old city (300 m )and Golden

1. Managing heavy traffic during the time of festivals would be an issue.

Temple (1200 m)

Concepts and Strategies • •

• • • •

To organise the arena as the central space and organise functions around the open space. To organise built around the arena in volumes of steps creating terraces to have direct visual connectivity with the arena performances. Segregation of pedestrians and vehicular traffic for approach to the site through levels To create a local aura of a typical Punjab village to display the living culture of the region. Use of bright and pop colours like safron, blue in the elevation celerating the culture. Use of Light Wells to ensure light and ventilation beneath the amptheatre

Design Development

The basic idea of the design is to develop an inviting public space for pedestrians majorly. The development of the form is derived keeping in mind the contextual fort and mandir and also making a statement to glorify the community

Programmatic Content

1. The Equestrian Sports Ground and Amphitheatre 2. Museum 3. Library 4. Market 5. Skill Development Centre 6. Sarai Guides- Ar. Sambudha sen Ar. Manish Gulati

JASHN - E - PUNJAB (Culture Rejuvenation Centre), AMRITSAR 4

Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURE

3D view 1

3D view 2 Site plan

3D view 3

Site Section Coordinator : Ar. Aruna Ramani Grover

3D view 4

Physical model 1:500

Physical model 1:200

Guides- Ar. Sambudha sen Ar. Manish Gulati

JASHN - E - PUNJAB (Culture Rejuvenation Centre), AMRITSAR 6

Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURE

ARCHITECTURAL THESIS 2018

जशन - ए - पंजाब (संस्किंृत कायाकल्प केंद्र), अमृतसर परिचय पंजाब, पांच नदियों की भूमि, दुनिया की सबसे पुरानी और सबसे अमीर संस्कृतियों में से एक है। पंजाबी संस्कृति में दर्शनशास्त्र, कविता, आध्यात्मिकता, शिक्षा, कलाकृति, संगीत इत्यादि जैसे विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में समृद्ध सांस्कृतिक विरासत है। पंजाब के लोग, संस्कृति और त्योहार सामूहिक रूप से एक प्रबुद्ध सामाजिक वचन बनाते हैं। पंजाब के लोग अपने दृढ़ संकल्प के लिए जाने जाते हैं, राज्य की संस्कृति प्राचीन सभ्यताओं की एक बहु-विरासत विरासत प्रस्तुत करती है। हालांकि आज की तारीख में, राज्य की संस्कृति अपने युवाओं के बीच अलग हो रही है। जीवन की बेहतर संभावनाओं के लिए दुनिया के विभिन्न हिस्सों में नशीली दवाओं के दुरुपयोग और प्रवासन जैसी समस्याएं राज्य की सांस्कृतिक जड़ों को क्षीण कर रही हैं। थीसिस तैयारी यह थीसिस लोगों की सोच को प्रभावित करने और जनता में गर्व की भावना को प्रभावित करने के लिए अमृतसर शहर में एक वास्तुशिल्प हस्तक्षेप का प्रस्ताव रखती है। इस परियोजना के पीछे विचार लोगों के मनोवैज्ञानिक तंत्रिका को मारना और उन्हें समृद्ध संस्कृति के बारे में आध्यात्मिक रूप से जागरूक करना है। शहर और राज्य के सामाजिकसांस्कृतिक सार से संबंधित हैं और फिर से जीवंत हैं।

अनुसंधान परिणाम

सम्मेलन - केस स्टडीज

1. पूरे साल पंजाब के लाइव त्यौहारों को परिसर में उपयोग किए जाने वाले रिक्त स्थान और रिक्त स्थान के प्रकार को स्थापित करने के आधार के रूप में उपयोग किया गया है। इसके अलावा एक विस्तृत अध्ययन किया जाता है कि शहर के भीतर इस तरह के संवेदनशील सार्वजनिक हस्तक्षेप शहर और उसके सामाजिक सांस्कृतिक कपड़े को कैसे प्रभावित करते हैं।

विरासत-ए-खालसा संरचना की सादगी अभी तक सादगी सिख विचारधारा का प्रतिनिधित्व करती है और उन लोगों का प्रतिनिधित्व करती है जिनके लिए परियोजना का इरादा था। सामग्रियों का उपयोग और कार्यों पर सौंदर्यशास्त्र डालने पर बहस योग्य है। लौवर, अबू धाबी बोल्ड आर्किटेक्चरल स्टेटमेंट महत्वपूर्ण है इस तरह के परिसरों।

Coordinator : Ar. Aruna Ramani Grover

A/2563/2013

HARKUNWAR SINGH

साइट चयन और साइट के पठन यह साइट एक भूरे रंग की भूमि भूमि है जो एक त्याग वाली बस कार्यशाला का गठन करती है। यह शहर के केंद्र में स्थित है और बाईं ओर गोबिंदगढ़ किले की अनुपचारित भूमि के बगल में है। साइट की कनेक्टिविटी मजबूत है और शहर के इस हिस्से में एक सामुदायिक उत्सव का मैदान बनाने से निवासियों के जीवन की गुणवत्ता में वृद्धि होगी।

ताकत

कमजोरी

1. गोबिंदगढ़ किला और दुर्गियाना मंदिर (300 मीटर) निकटता 1. मेला ग्राउंड और साइट के बीच 2. सामुदायिक शहर महोत्सव ग्राउंड प्रमुख सड़क त्यौहारों के दौरान में शामिल होने से साइट सक्रिय करने दोनों साइटों के बीच पैदल यात्री वाले त्यौहारों के दौरान लोगों के लिए कनेक्टिविटी को प्रभावित करती है। एक चुंबक के रूप में कार्य करता है

अवसर

खतरा

1. शहरी स्तर पर यह साइट शहर के दो मनोरंजक पार्कों (गोबिंदगढ़ पार्क 1. त्योहारों के दौरान और गोल बाग) के बीच स्थित है, जो कि भारी यातायात का अत्यधिक घने पैक वाले शहर की तुलना प्रबंधन करना एक में है। मुद्दा होगा। 2. पुराने शहर (300 मीटर) और स्वर्ण मंदिर (1200 मीटर) के निकटता

• • •

• • • •

अवधारणाओं और रणनीतियां क्षेत्र को केंद्रीय अंतरिक्ष के रूप में व्यवस्थित करने और खुली जगह के आसपास कार्यों को व्यवस्थित करने के लिए। क्षेत्र के प्रदर्शन के साथ प्रत्यक्ष दृश्य कनेक्टिविटी रखने के लिए टेरेस बनाने के चरणों के वॉल्यूम में क्षेत्र के चारों ओर निर्मित व्यवस्थित करने के लिए। स्तर के माध्यम से साइट के दृष्टिकोण के लिए पैदल चलने वालों और वाहन यातायात का पृथक्करण इस क्षेत्र की जीवित संस्कृति को प्रदर्शित करने के लिए एक विशिष्ट पंजाब गांव का स्थानीय आभा बनाने के लिए। संस्कृति को तेज करने वाली ऊंचाई में नीले रंग के रूप में उज्ज्वल और पॉप रंगों का उपयोग करें। एम्प्टीटर बैठने के नीचे प्रकाश और वेंटिलेशन सुनिश्चित करने के लिए लाइट वेल्स का उपयोग करें।

अभिकल्प विकास डिजाइन का मूल विचार पैदल चलने वालों के लिए एक आमंत्रित सार्वजनिक स्थान विकसित करना है। फॉर्म का विकास प्रासंगिक किले और मंदिर में ध्यान केंद्रित करने और समुदाय की महिमा करने के लिए एक बयान देने के लिए लिया गया है

प्रोग्रामेटिक सामग्री 1. घुड़सवारी खेल मैदान और एम्फीथिएटर 2. संग्रहालय 3. लाइब्रेरी 4. बाजार 5. कौशल विकास केंद्र 6. सराई Guides- Ar. Sambudha sen Ar. Manish Gulati

JASHN - E - PUNJAB (Culture Rejuvenation Centre), AMRITSAR 8

Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURE

10 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

DECLARATION BY CANDIDATE The research and studio work embodied in this thesis titled Jashn-e- Punjab has been carried out by the undersigned as a part of the year 5 (2017-2018) semester 10 design studio of the Undergraduate program in the Department of Architecture,School of Planning and Architecture,New Delhi,India under the supervision of thesis guides Ar. Sambudha Sen and Ar. Manish Gulati and studio coordinator Prof. Aruna Ramani Grover. The undersigned hereby declares that this is her original work and has not been plagiarized in part or full form from any source and that this work has not been submitted for any degree in this or any other university.

_______________________(Candidate’s Signature) Harkunwar Singh Kanwal (Candidate’s Name)

____A/2563/2013 ______(Candidate’s Roll.No.) ____SECTION A________(Candidate’s Name)

12 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

CERTIFICATE BY THESIS GUIDES

We certify that the thesis titled Jashn-e- Punjab by Harkunwar Singh Kanwal roll no A/2563/2-13 was guided by us in January-May 2018 and placed in front of the Jury by the candidate on 24-25th May 2017. On completion of the report in all respects including the last chapter by the candidate and based on the declaration by the Candidate mentioned above.

(Signature) Ar. Sambudha Sen

(Signature) Ar. Manish Gulati

(Signature) Prof. Aruna Ramani Grover

14 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my foremost gratitude to my guides, Mr. Manish Gulati and Mr. Sambuddha Sen, for their consistent guidance and support and for channelizing my thoughts in the right direction. I am thankful to our studio director Prof. Aruna Ramani Grover for her supervision throughout the semester. I am grateful to Handa Uncle and Handa Aunty for their love and help throughout the semester. Insight and Critique by my seniors and friends (Shabeeb Bilgrami, Anam Khan, Vipanchi Handa and Varun Teja) offered a fresh perspective and for that i am grateful. I am also grateful to my juniors (Utkarsh Verma, Venkatesh Senguttuvan, Nandita Kumar, Abhinav Sujit, Yatharth Gupta, Srishti Jauhri, Ananya Bajpai, Nikita Pamarthi, Ayushi Saxena, Ashwini Gupta) for their rigorous efforts, sincerity and patience in helping me with my work. My deepest gratitude goes to my family for their bolstering support and warmth.

16 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 1.1 Research Question ____________________________________6 1.2 Proposition ______________________________________7-8 1.3 Selected Site and Design Project_________________________9

CHAPTER 5 5.1 Technology Systems ________________________69-82

CHAPTER 2 2.1 Areas of Research ___________________________________12-23 2.2 Case Studies and Case Examples_______________________24-47

CHAPTER 6 6.1 SWAT Analysis _________________________________84 6.2 Design Determinants ___________________________85

CHAPTER 3 3.1 Project Scope________________________________________50 3.2 Area Program_________________________________________51-55 3.3 Relationship Diagrams _________________________________56-57

CHAPTER 7 7.1 Learning - concept (Public Space)____________88-90

CHAPTER 4 4.1 City,Precinct study____________________________________59 4.2 Site Information______________________________________60-63 4.3 Photographs of Site and Surroundings___________________64-67

CHAPTER 8 8.1 Design Developments_________________________________91-96

CHAPTER 9 9.1 Concept and Analysis______________________98-104 9.2 Plans____________________________________105-115 9.2 Elevations+Sections_________________________116-118 9.2 Physical Model ____________________________119-121 9.5 Jury Comments______________________122

LIST OF TABLES/FIGURES Fig 1 Punjab under Maharaja Ranjit Singh Fig 2 Newspaper Clipping Fig 3 Region of Punjab under Maharaja Ranjit Singh Fig 4 Region of Punjab before Maharaja Ranjit Singh Fig 5 The land of the 5 rivers Fig 7 Festival Celebration Fig 8 Festival Celebration 2 Fig 9 Festival Celebration 3 Fig 10 Festival Celebration 4 Fig 11 Festival Celebration 4 Fig 12 Festival Celebration 5 Fig 13 At golden Temple Fig 14 Cuisines in Old City Fig 15 Newspaper Clipper Langoor Fest Fig 16 Newspaper Clipper Langoor Fest Fig 17 Langoor Fest Fig 18 Virasat-e-Khalsa Fig 19 Fangshang Tangshang Fig 20 Louvre,Abu Dhabi Fig 21 Yunyang Civil Activities Centre Fig 22 Khalsa Memorial Fig 23 Aerial View of Complex Fig 24 Road connectivity Fig 25 Sikh Fort Qila Mubarak Fig 26 Virasat-e-khalsa Sketch Fig 27 Virasat-e-khalsa Sketch 2 Fig 28 Petal Building Fig 29 Permanent Exhibition Fig 30 Plan of Complex Fig 31 Areas Fig 32 Image of Virasat e khalsa Fig 33 Section through Petal Building Fig 34 Image of Virasat e khalsa 2

Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

Fig 35 Image of Virasat e khalsa Fig 36 Louvre,Abu Dhabi Fig 37 Louvre,Abu Dhabi Fig 38 Conne ctions Fig 39 Top view Fig 40 Old context Fig 41 Concept Fig 42 Area ZOning Fig 43 Plan Fig 44 Section Fig 45 DOME Fig 46 DOME Fig 47 Fangshang Tangshang Fig 48 Fangshang Tangshang Fig 49 Fangshang Tangshang PLANS Fig 50 Fangshang Tangshang SECTIONS Fig 51 Fangshang Tangshang render Fig 52 Fangshang Tangshang Step up Fig 53 Fangshang Tangshang landscape Fig 55 Yunyang Civil Activities Centre Fig 56 Yunyang Civil Activities Centre Fig 57 Yunyang Civil Activities Centre PLAN Fig 58 Yunyang Civil Activities Centre SECTION Fig 59 Yunyang Civil Activities Centre 3d Fig 60 Zoning and Relationship Fig 61 Plan and Context Fig 62 Open and Public Greens Fig 63 Connectivity Fig 64 Road View 1 Fig 65 Road View 2 Fig 66 Road View 3 Fig 67 Dusserhra Ground

LIST OF TABLES/FIGURES Fig 68 Road View 4 Fig 69 Road View 5 Fig 70 Contours Fig 71 Site Plan Fig 72 Gobindgargh Fort Fig 73 Railway Station Fig 74 Gobindgargh Fort 2 Fig 75 Dussehra Ground when not in Use Fig 76 Dye Cell Fig 77 Green Wall Tech Fig 78 Green Roof Tech Fig 79 PV PANEL arrangement Fig 80 Rain water Fig 81 Composter Fig 82 STP Cycle Fig 83 Structural Systems Fig 84 Conceptual Section Fig 85 Conceptual Section Fig 86 Zoning Directives Fig 87 VIEW Fig 88 connections Fig 89 Porousity Fig 90 Function and relations Fig 91 Angle of Seating Fig 92 Visual connectivity Fig 93 Light Wells Fig 94 Concept Massing 1 ,Model scale 1:1000 Fig 95 Concept Massing 2, Model Scale 1:500 Fig 96 Concept Massing 3, Model Scale 1:500 Fig 97 Concept Massing 4, Model Scale 1:1000 Fig 98 Concept Massing 5, Model Scale 1:500 Fig 99 Concept Massing 5.1, Model Scale 1:500

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AHU - Air Handling Unit ECS - Equivalent Car Space FCU - Fan Coil Unit KM - Kilometer M - Meter SQM - Square Meter

Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

PART I DESIGN INVESTIGATION

Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

CHAPTER 1 Research Question |Proposition

Introduction Punjab, the Land of 5 rivers, has its culture originating from the 5 rivers (Sutlej, Ravi, Beas, Jhelum, Chenab) with agriculture as the major contributor to its GDP (approx. 50). Sikhism originated in Punjab and resulted in the formation of the Sikh Confederacy after the fall of the Mughal Empire. The confederacy was united into the Sikh Empire by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. The entire Punjab region was annexed by the British East India Company from the Sikh Empire in 1849. In 1947, the Punjab Province of British India was divided along religious lines into West Punjab and East Punjab.The Indian Punjab was divided on the basis of language in 1966. However in Todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s date, the culture of the state is falling apart among its youth. Problems like Drug abuse and migration from the state to different parts of the world for better prospects of life is decaying the cultural roots of the state. The idea behind this architectural intervention in the city of Amritsar is to hit the psychological nerve of the people and make them spiritually aware about the rich culture they belong to and rejuvenate the socio-cultural essence of the city and the state.

Fig 1 Punjab under Maharaja Ranjit Singh Source : sikhcoin.blogspot.in 8

Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

1.1 RESEARCH QUESTION

Can architecture influence the thinking of the people and create an atmosphere where people exchange ideas and values? Can architecture help in rejuvenating the customs and culture of a region by making the youth aware of its vibrant lifestyle and heritage?

1.1 INTENT The thesis aims to create a Punjabi Cultural Centre in Amritsar, Punjab.

1.2 PROPOSITION Can architecture influence the thinking of people? Can a public place create an atmosphere where people exchange ideas and culture? However in Today’s date, the culture of the state is falling apart among the youth of Punjab. Problems like Drug abuse and migration from the state to different parts of the world for better prospects of life is decaying the cultural roots of the state. The idea behind this architectural intervention in the city of Amritsar is to hit the psychological nerve of the people and make them spiritually aware about the rich culture they belong to and rejuvenate the socio-cultural essence of the city and the state. Keeping in mind the site requirements and issues, an urban scale intervention and urban planning is proposed to facilitate the town and revive the dying culture of Punjab. Also, such complexes would add to the already booming tourism of the city.This thesis not only caters to the town of Amritsar but to the whole country as it has the potential of showcasing Indian cultural, craft and sports on a global level. The idea is to exhibit the rural India with all its colours and vigour to the rest of the world. The nation should invest in the settlements that showcase the true India instead of face-lifting the metropolitan cities.

10 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

Being in the centre of the city, the area has the potential to become into a landmark cultural hub. It needs to reach its full potential as a public space that can create a safe, active and entertaining hub. The site needs to help enhance the area and its surroundings in terms of an active pedestrian friendly zone. The Social Issue Amritsar being an important tourist magnet has a huge number of international tourists visiting the city all year round. Most of the tourists are either foreigners; or NRIs coming back to reflect upon their culture and understand their ancestral values. However in the past one decade there has been a lot of drug abuse in the city of Amritsar and the state of Punjab. According to the statistics and numbers, about 7 out of 10 people belonging to the age group of 18 to 35 are drug addicts. In total 75% of Punjab’s youth is addicted to drugs. This has degraded Amritsar’s demography and respect within the country and the world. Youngsters of Amritsar are grown up with the mentality of settling abroad. Their upbringing shapes them in the way, they neglect the values and culture of the country and aim to having a better life abroad. The state’s unsettling nature and rapid changes has given all the more reasons for this deterioration. Hence, a loss of connect with the culture has given rise to this scenario.

1.3 SELECTED SITE AND DESIGN PROJECT The selected site is a redundant bus workshop which is a prime land in the heart of the city. The site lies on the major route between the New and Old City. The proposed design project is a Punjab Cultural Centre. It will serve as a place to celebrate the living culture of punjab amongst its local residents as well as visitors.

1.4 NEED In todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s date, the culture of the state is falling apart among the youth of Punjab. Problems like Drug abuse and migration from the state to different parts of the world for better prospects of life is decaying the cultural roots of the state.

1.5 VISION The idea behind this architectural intervention in the city of Amritsar is to hit the psychological nerve of the people and make them spiritually aware about the rich culture they belong to and rejuvenate the socio-cultural essence of the city and the state. At the urban level the goal is to create a permeable urban space that is versatile and democratic in nature.

Fig 2 Newspaper Clipping Source : The Tribune

12 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

CHAPTER 2 Areas of Research | Case Studies

Understanding the Culture of Punjab A brief history of Punjab and the timeline Historically known as Saptasindhu, or the land of seven rivers, the name Punjab was given by later Islamic conquerers. Ancient Punjab was the primary geographical extent of the Indus Valley Civilization, which was notable for advanced technologies and amneties that the people of the region had used. Ancient Punjab was historically a Hindu region, divided into various Janapadas; and was known for its high activity of scholarship, technology, and arts. Intermittent wars between various small and large Janapadas was characteristic of this time, until the Mauryans had conquered much of the region. After the arrival of Islamic invaders that had managed to rule throughout a long period of the country’s history; much of the Western Punjab had became a center of Islamic culture in South Asia. An interlude of Sikh rule under the Mahraja Ranjit Singh and his Sikh Empire had saw a brief resurfacement of Sikh and Hindu culture, until the British had annexed the region into their larger British Empire. After the British had left, the region was partitioned into a Hindu and Sikh majority area that would go to the secular state of India, and a Muslim majority area that would go to the Islamic state of Pakistan.

14 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

Is Punjab all about Sikhism? People around the nation and the world don’t even know the difference between a Punjabi and a Sikh. Punjabi Punjabi (Punjabi people) is an ethnic group which originated from the Punjab region. These people are Indo-Aryan of North Indian origin constituting parts of Rajasthan, Kashmir, Indian and Pakistani Punjab. The Punjabi identity was primarily linguistic and cultural with the Punjabi language being their first spoken language. Collectively, Punjabis are primarily inhabitants of Punjab. No doubt they are broken into tribes and castes, and many of these are not exclusively inhabitants of Punjab. There are about more than 120 million Punjabis around the world. As an ethnic group, they are among the worlds’ largest and second largest ethnic group after Bengali in South Asia. Sikh “Sikh” means someone is a follower of Sikhism. “Sikhism” is a religion which originated in the 15th century in Punjab whereas Punjabi language is as old as 4000 years. Summary Almost every Sikh is a Punjabi while every Punjabi is not a Sikh. Punjabi is an ethnic group originated from Punjab as an Indo-Aryan of North India while Sikhs are a religious group which follows the religion of Sikhism. The Punjabi identity is primarily linguistic and cultural with the Punjabi language while identity of Sikh is with his 5 Ks namely KESH, KARA, KIRPAN, KECHERA, and KANGA along with the linguistic and cultural Punjabi language.

Fig 3 Region of Punjab under Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1839 AD ) Source: sikhcoin.blogspot.in

Fig 4 Region of Punjab before Maharaja Ranjit Singh (18th century AD ) Source: sikhcoin.blogspot.in 15

Understanding the Culture of Punjab The Significance of 5 rivers forming the roots of the ideas, customs and social behaviour of the society (agriculture). The five rivers are the Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Jehlum (also spelled Jhelum).

Punjab is one of the most fertile regions on Earth. The region is ideal for growing wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits and vegetables. Indian Punjab is called the “Granary of India” or India’s bread-basket. CLASSIFICATION OF AREA Geographical area- 5033 hectares. Forest area- 295 hectares. Land not available for cultivation- 528 hectares. Total cropped area- 7875 hectares. Area under cultivation- 83% Cropping intensity- 189% The Punjab is an agricultural region. Punjabis, whether in India or in Pakistan, share the agrarian (farming) social structure based on caste that is found throughout southern Asia. LIVING CONDITIONS

Fig 5 The land of the 5 rivers Source : The Tribune

16 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

Punjabi villages are compact settlements, with houses clustered around a mosque, temple, or gurdwara (Sikh temple). The houses on the outside edge of the village are built to look like a walled settlement with few openings. The main entrance to a village is through an arched gateway called a darwaza (door or gate), which is also a meeting place for the village. Houses are built close together, often sharing walls. Rooms are built around a central courtyard where animals are tethered and farming implements are stored. Most villages are made up of people in the variety of roles needed in a farming economy—landowners, cultivators, artisans, and service castes.

The Langoor Festival of Amritsar and the Mela Ground (Dusshera Ground)

Fig 15 Newspaper Clipper Langoor Fest

Fig 16 Newspaper Clipper Langoor Fest

This is a huge festival in Amritsar and people from different states come and participate. The mela ground is totally occupied with temporary structures that have shops for tailors, dress retailers, food, crafts etc. During these nine days, the “langur” remains barefoot, sleeps on floor and come to worship at the temple twice a day. They arrive at the temple dancing to the beats of “dhols” (drums) all the way from their homes.tt Fig 17 Langoor Fest 17

FESTIVALS CELEBRATED IN PUNJAB Most of the Sikh festivals are events to commensurate the birth and teachings of 10gurus of Sikhs and their teachings. The birthdays of all Gurus especially the first and last Sikh Guru is celebrated on a grand level. The other festivals that hold significant importance in Sikh festival calendar are Baisakhi, Hola Mohalla and Diwali. JANUARY

FEBRUARY

MARCH

APRIL

MAY

JUNE

Sikhs practice worshipping an omnipresent divine power. They rather venerate their Gurus, various milestones achieved by the gurus and their teachings. Some of the Hindu festivals like Diwali are also celebrated by the Sikhs but with a completely different reason and philosophy.

JULY

AUGUST

SEPTEMBER

OCTOBER

NOVEMBER

1 2

HOLI. festival of colours and food.

DUSSHEHRA

3 4 GURU GOBIND SINGH GURPURAB. 5 chhabil, food, celebration 6 7 8

HOLA MOHALLA.

HOLA MOHALLA. HOLA MOHALLA. HOLA MOHALLA. GURU NANAK DEV GURPURAB. fire crackers and lightening. kirtan etc

HOLA MOHALLA.

HOLA MOHALLA. play of gatka and kirtan. Visitors from all over the world.

11 12

13 LOHRI: Music fest

18 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

BAISAKHI: harvest season. food items and mela. kushtis. khalsa panth. music fest

JANMASHTMI some day in August

DECEMBER

Holla Mohalla is a Sikh festival celebrated in the month of Phalguna , a day after Holi. An annual festival held at Anandpur Sahib in Punjab, Hola Mohalla was started by the tenth Sikh Guru, Gobind Singh, as a gathering of Sikhs for military exercises and mock battles on the day following the festival of Holi. It reminds the people of valour and defence preparedness, concepts dear to the Tenth Guru who was at that time battling the Mughal empire. On this three-day festival mock battles are held followed by music and poetry competitions. The Nihang Singhs (members of the Sikh army that was founded by Guru Govind Singh) carry on the martial tradition with mock battles and displays of swordsmanship and horse riding. They perform daring feats, such as Gatka (mock encounters), tent pegging, bareback horse-riding and standing erect on two speeding horses.

JANUARY

FEBRUARY

MARCH

14 MAGHI : Sangrand. 15 40 sikhs story at 16 17 18

APRIL

MAY

JUNE

JULY

AUGUST

NOVEMBER

DECEMBER

RAMLILA days

DIWALI 10 days later NAVRATRE RAKSHABANDHAN.

NAVRATRE

27 28 29

NAVRATRE NAVRATRE NAVRATRE

BASANT PANCHMI : yellow food, yellow turbans and yellow 30 KITES. Month for sexual desires for pashu, panchi, aadmi. 31

OCTOBER

AHOI vart for kids

TEEJ: Rainy season. festival of music and dance for newly wed girls

19 20 21 22 23 24

SEPTEMBER

2nd last week of december. chhote sahibzaade shahidi

NAVRATRE

Fig 6 Festival Calender Source: Author 19

FESTIVALS CELEBRATED IN PUNJAB

The Holla Mohalla is an impressive traditional display of bravery and valor. The ultimate display of machismoâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;Holla Mohalla, an annual Sikh festival held a day after Holi, has the drama, the sweat and the incredible colours that Indian festivals are known for. With impressive displays of weaponry, archery and wrestling Source : Pixel Chrome Fig 7 Festival Celebration

The Nihangs also demonstrate thrilling horse riding shows where the riders gallop bareback, performing tricks like riding astride two horses. Fig 8 Festival Celebration 2 20 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

Source : Pixel Chrome

One of the main attractions at the festival is the Nihangsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;a prestigious armed sect of the Sikhs who wear a striking blend of blue and orange, with thick twisted moustaches and overwhelmingly large and embellished turbans.

Source : Pixel Chrome Fig 9 Festival Celebration 3

Holla Mohalla is held at Anandpur Sahib in Punjab and also at other parts of the state, and it is estimated that over 100,000 Sikh devotees attend the festival.

Fig 10 Festival Celebration 4

Source : Pixel Chrome 21

Gatka is a Martial Art Form practiced and played in Punjab. It is display of how the community as warriors used to fight the enemy during early times .

Source : Pixel Chrome Fig 11 Festival Celebration 4

Fig 12 Festival Celebration 5 22 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

Source : Pixel Chrome

A Nihang Sikh.

Source : Pixel Chrome Fig 13 At golden Temple

Thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s also music, poetry and prayers, singing and chanting. An important part of the festival is the langar (community food) that is served to pilgrims irrespective of their religion or caste.

Fig 14 Cuisines in Old City

Source : Pixel Chrome 23

PUBLIC ARENAS The hippodrome was an ancient Grecian stadium for horse racing and chariot racing. The name is derived from the Greek words hippos and dromos; “course”). The term is used in the modern French language and some others, with the meaning of “horse racecourse”. Hence, some present-day horse racing tracks also include the word hippodrome in their names, such as the Hippodrome de Vincennes and the Central Moscow Hippodrome. Circus Maximas The Circus Maximus (Latin for greatest or largest circus; Italian: Circo Massimo) is an ancient Roman chariot-racing stadium and mass entertainment venue located in Rome, Italy. Situated in the valley between the Aventine and Palatine Hills, it was the first and largest stadium in ancient Rome and its later Empire. It could accommodate over 150,000 spectators.In its fully developed form, it became the model for circuses throughout the Roman Empire. The site is now a public park. SIZE 610 X 190 M

Colloseum The Colosseum could hold, it is estimated, between 50,000 and 80,000 spectators,having an average audience of some 65,000;it was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles such as mock sea battles (for only a short time as the hypogeum was soon filled in with mechanisms to support the other activities), animal hunts, executions, re-enactments of famous battles, and dramas based on Classical mythology. SIZE 40 X 70 M

24 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

PUBLIC SPACES As William (Holly) Whyte said, “It’s hard to design a space that will not attract people. What is remarkable is how often this has been accomplished.”(1999) The seven principles for public space design defined in the book ‘How to turn a place around’ were – Create a place not a design - physical elements must be introduced that would make people welcome and comfortable, such as seating and new landscaping, and also through “management” changes in the pedestrian circulation pattern and by developing more effective relationships between the surrounding retail and the activities going on in the public spaces. The goal is to create a place that has both a strong sense of community and a comfortable image, as well as a setting and activities and uses.

children’s reading room in a new library is located so that it is next to a children’s playground in a park and a food kiosk is added, more activity will occur than if these facilities were located separately. Form supports Function - The input from the community and potential partners, the understanding of how other spaces function, the experimentation, and overcoming the obstacles and naysayers provides the concept for the space. Although design is important, these other elements tell you what “form” you need to accomplish the future vision for the space.

Have a Vision - essential to a vision for any public space is an idea of what kinds of activities might be happening in the space, a view that the space should be comfortable and have a good image, and that it should be an important place where people want to be. It should instill a sense of pride in the people who live and work in the surrounding area. Start with the simple - The complexity of public spaces is such that you cannot expect to do everything right initially. The best spaces experiment with short term improvements that can be tested and refined over many years! Elements such as seating, outdoor cafe, public art, striping of crosswalks and pedestrian havens, community gardens and murals are examples of improvements that can be accomplished in a short time.

Design is never finished - By nature good public spaces that respond to the needs, the opinions and the ongoing changes of the community require attention. Amenities wear out, needs change and other things happen in an urban environment. Being open to the need for change and having the management flexibility to enact that change is what builds great public spaces and great cities and towns. Observe - One can all learn a great deal from others’ successes and failures. By looking at how people are using (or not using) public spaces and finding out what they like and don’t like about them, it is possible to assess what makes them work or not work. Through these observations, it will be clear what kinds of activities are missing and what might be incorporated.

PUBLIC SPACES Triangulate - “Triangulation is the process by which some xternal stimulus provides a linkage between people and prompts strangers to talk to other strangers as if they knew each other” (Holly Whyte). In a public space, the choice and arrangement of different elements in relation to each other can put the triangulation process in motion. For example if a

2.1 CASE STUDIES The following case studies have been selected -

PRIMARY STUDY 1. Virasat-e-Khalsa

SECONDARY STUDY

Fig 18 Virasat-e-Khalsa

Fig 19 Fangshang Tangshang

Fig 20 Louvre,Abu Dhabi

Fig 21 Yunyang Civil Activities Centre

1. Yunyang Civil Activities Centre 2. Fangshang Tangshang National geopark museum, China 3. Louvre Abu Dhabi

SELECTION CRITERIA The case studies were chosen to understand these broad subcategories 1. Planning and Zoning 2. Programmatic Mixes and Areas 3. Spatial responses 4. Functioning

Study Scope

Planning and Zoning Programmatic Mix & Area Spatial Response Landscaping 26 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

Virasat e Khalsa

Yunyang Civil Activities Centre

Fangshang Tangshang National geopark museum, China

Louvre Abu Dhabi

Fig 22Khalsa Memorial Source: Archdaily 27

Fig 23 Aerial View of Complex, Source- Archdaily

Fig 24 Road connectivity , Source- Google 28 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

Fig 27 Virasat-e-khalsa Sketch 2

Fig 25

Fig 28

Fig 26 Virasat-e-khalsa Sketch

Fig 29

Fig 32 Image of Virasat e khalsa

Fig 30 Plan of Complex 30 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

Fig 31 Areas

Fig 33

Fig 34 Image of Virasat e khalsa 31

Fig 35 Image of Virasat e khalsa 32 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

Fig 36 Louvre,Abu Dhabi 33

Fig 37 Louvre,Abu Dhabi 34 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

Fig 38 Connections 35

Fig 39 Top view 36 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

Fig 40 Old context

Fig 41 Concept

Fig 42 Area ZOning

38 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

Fig 43 Plan 39

Fig 43 Plan

Fig 44 Section 40 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

Fig 45 DOME

Fig 46 DOME 42 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

Fangshang Tangshang National geopark museum, China can take their own expedition to the museum, weaving through the feature gardens and along the INTRODUCTION climbing pathways that are embedded with carvings depicting HASSELL designed the museum’s gateway pla- the evolution of prehistoric life. za and surrounding parkland connections for the Nanjing Tangshan Construction Investment The feature gardens are inspired and Development Company, following an inter- by the environmental characternational landscape design competition. istics of each period of the Paleozoic era. From the rocky, miThe geopark’s generous new public realm will crobial soil crust of the Cambrian unify the museum (by architect Studio Odile landscape, through to the SiluriDecq) with the various attractions spread an wetlands and Carboniferous across its 15-hectares of open space to cre- swamp forest, the selection and ate an enlightening new tourist destination. detailing of counterpart plants “The design needed to cater for the tourist and elements gives the ‘pre- Fig 47 Fangshang Tangshang source: Archdaily park’s commercial objectives, while respect- historic’ gardens an essence of ing the site’s international significance,” said that time and place. The parkland Andrew Wilkinson, HASSELL Principal in China. design regenerates native veg“Our response celebrates the plaza’s gateway etation and creates micro-ecostatus, the museum’s architectural form, and the systems that will foster the local geopark’s many extraordinary features – offer- habitat. A cleansing, bio-retening visitors an exploratory journey through the tion waterway will treat site run-off site that reveals its history and formation along to support the health of natural the way,” he said. environment and the sustainable operation of the park. The overall look of the plaza echoes the site’s contour lines, which shift like geological activity. It optimises the existing topography to establish clear and seamless patterns of movement between all functions, integrating with the Fig 48Fangshang Tangshang source: Archdaily surrounding transport infrastructure and regional parkland. The arrival plaza and memory tower provide a gathering point, marking the start of each journey. From this space, visitors

Project Details

Fig 49 Fangshang Tangshang PLANS source: Archdaily Fig 50 Fangshang Tangshang SECTIONS source: Archdaily

44 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

Fig 52 Fangshang Tangshang Step up source: Archdaily

Fig 53 Fangshang Tangshang landscape source: Archdaily

Fig 51 Fangshang Tangshang render source: Archdaily

INFERENCES optimised the siteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s existing topography to establish seamless patterns of movement and access between the public and private functions within, as well as integrating the parkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s design with the surrounding transport infrastructure. Together with a range of environmentally conscious inclusions; such as the creation of micro-ecosystems to foster specific plant growth and a cleansing waterway to treat site run-off, these initiatives will support the sustainable development and future operation of the park. 45

Yunyang Civil Activities Centre Project Details INTRODUCTION The design consists of a building complex, an open plaza and a bridge. A three by three grid system integrates nine courtyards as a whole. It slopes down to fill the gap between the mountain and the River, both in terms of the horizontal span and the vertical height difference on both sides of the site. This five-storey complex contains a theatre with 1,200 seats, and a planning exhibition centre, a museum, a library, a cultural palace and a youth activities centre. A path which through from the mountain to the riverside penetrates the building .This passage functions as a guiding path to provide the access to a variety of activities within the building. The stepped roof creates a space that allows public accessing and provides a view platform echoing to the River Dam. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a building with traditional style to show collective memory of the city.

Fig 55 Yunyang Civil Activities Centre source: Archdaily

Fig 56 Yunyang Civil Activities Centre source: Archdaily 46 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

Fig 58 Yunyang Civil Activities Centre SECTION source: Archdaily

Fig 57 Yunyang Civil Activities Centre PLAN source: Archdaily 47

Fig 59 Yunyang Civil Activities Centre 3d source: Archdaily 48 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

INFERENCES AND CONCLUSIONS SITE PLANNING

VOLUMES

1. VIRASAT-E-KHALSA -

1. VIRASAT-E-KHALSA • The monumentality yet simplicity of the structure 1. Pedestrian movement is simple and main represents the Sikh ideology and represent the The complex in the true sense is developed out from people for which the project was intended. the site. Using the built fabric and the landscape an architectural masterpiece is presented. 2. YUNYANG CIVIL ACTIVITIES CENTRE• An incredible use of water body as a landscape The stepped roof creates a space that allows feature to create a microclimate. public accessing and provides a view platform echoing to the River Dam. 2. YUNYANG CIVIL ACTIVITIES CENTRE-Strong axes taken into planning, this ensures that all 3. FANGSHANG TANGSHANG NATIONAL side are given equal importance. GEOPARK MUSEUM The overall look of the plaza echoes the site’s 3. FANGSHANG TANGSHANG NATIONAL GEOPARK contour lines, which shift like geological activity. MUSEUM It optimises the existing topography to establish -optimised the site’s existing topography to clear and seamless patterns of movement between establish seamless patterns of movement and all functions, integrating with the surrounding access between the public and private functions transport infrastructure and regional parkland.

SPATIAL DESIGN + FEATURES 1. VIRASAT-E-KHALSA The architect’s vision of putting aesthetic over function is debatable for example, using sunshade on the bridge on the opposite side of the sun, thereby making the bridge hard to cross in summers, on account of clear visibility of the museum. Similarly, open courts and oat are not used to that extent due to the location and choice of material finish. 2. YUNYANG CIVIL ACTIVITIES CENTREVery interesting volumes and feeling of enclosure created as the built slopes down to fill the gap between the mountain and the River, both in terms of the horizontal span and the vertical height difference on both sides of the site.

within

4. LOUVRE ABU DHABI 1. The dome creates a very interest volume 4. LOUVRE ABU DHABI 2. There is a new and old represented through 1. High permeability ensured in planning. 2. Axes from main Roads lead pedestrians into central the built volumes. On one hand at human scale it follows the urban volume of old cities but the open space. • The simplicity of the project and process of dome represents the new. responding to the context and land is what makes the museum stand apart. • The free circulation movement throughout the complex creates a fl exible museum environment.

3. FANGSHANG TANGSHANG NATIONAL GEOPARK MUSEUM The parkland design regenerates native vegetation and creates micro-ecosystems that will foster the local habitat. A cleansing, bio-retention waterway will treat site run-off to support the health of natural environment and the sustainable operation of the park. 4. LOUVRE ABU DHABI • Passive design techniques take advantage of the natural shape of the buildings and the proper use of the materials selected to improve outdoor 49

50 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

CHAPTER 3 Program Analysis

Programmatic Functions The Equestrian Sports Ground serving as a riding arena to perform mock battles and showcase Gatka (Sikh Martial Art), practice archery, falconery as regional sports. The Amphitheatre having a platform to showcase performances of local dance, music, theatre and a space for congregation The Museum and Multi Purpose Hall will be the gallery space to showcase the culture of Punjab through means of Multi Media and provide an opportunity to the local artists to showcase their work. The Library will have a collection pertaining to the Literature of Punjab ,its rich culture and History. This will be a space wherein visitors as well as localites will be able to gain knowledge. The Market accomodates food Stalls and restaurants to taste the exquisite cousine of the state and temporary stalls area to have specific food stalls during the time of the festival. Also, space to showcase and sell the crafts, art, dance, theatre, literature, music, food items etc of Punjab and generate revenue to sustain the centre. The Skill Development Centre with Workshops will provide an opportunity for the tourists, visitors and even the marginal workers to experience and learn the way agriculture is carried out in the state along with other courses related to grains and livelihood. The Sarai with Mobile Trailer Park Accomodation is basically a low budget accomodation for the tourists depicting the traditional ways of temporary stay on the lines of army camps and community stay. The sarai will also have open space for temporary accomodation to facilitate mela ground during the time of Langoor Festival, Hola Mohalla etc.

52 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

Programmatic Content

Area Program

54 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

Area Program

56 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

Area Program

Area Program Analysis At the city level (Urban Scale): Amritsar is the second metropolitan city of Punjab. The area of Amritsar under Municipal Corporation is 14,237 hectares, and population was 10,16,079 (census 2011). According to Master Plan of Amritsar (2011-2031) the population for MC Amritsar in 2017 was 14,67,960.The area under parks and open spaces in Amritsar is decreasing with passing decades.

The total area under recreational use in the city comes out to be 1.5% (124.9 ha) of the developed area and 0.88% of the developed MC area. There is a decrease in the area under recreational use from 21% of total land use in 2001 to 0.74% in 2010. The area under this use is much lesser than the prescribed norm of 20-25%, reflecting the city badly lacks in the provision of recreational spaces which requires attention.

Coordinator : Ar. Aruna Ramani

Source : Author

Division of Public Functions according to the area required by each function

58 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

Zoning Diagram

i Grover

Fig 60 Zoning and Relationship source: Author 59

60 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

CHAPTER 4 Site Analysis

Why This Site? At the city level (Urban Scale): Amritsar is the second metropolitan city of Punjab. The area of Amritsar under Municipal Corporation is 14,237 hectares, and population was 10,16,079 (census 2011). According to Master Plan of Amritsar (2011-2031) the population for MC Amritsar in 2017 was 14,67,960.The area under parks and open spaces in Amritsar is decreasing with passing decades.

2 3 1.

4 Old city Source : Google Earth

The site lies next 4 major public buildings 1. Gobindgarh Fort 2. Amritsar Railway Station 3. Dusshera Ground 4. Durgiana Mandir Fig 61 Plan and Context Source : Google Earth,Author 62 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

4/2/2018

CONTEXT- OPEN SPACES Requirement of Recreational Spaces: The site lies at the centre of the city and is next to the untreated land of Gobindgarh Fort on the left. The land belonging to the Gobindgarh fort is proposed to be converted into a recreational park by the government. Also the city level park- GOL BAGH lies to the right of the site which is Amritsar - Google Maps also a huge open space. The city is already in shortage of open recreational spaces.

The proposal of a green belt in the centre of the city : The site proposed for the thesis design is 4 ha piece of land with a built up of 30,000 sq. m. Hence, there would be a lot of open space which can be given out to the city and converting the site into a recreational park with the built proposal would add on to the open space, thus giving back the recreational space to the city.

Amritsar

Source : Google Earth

Fig 62 Open and Public Greens Source : Google Earth,Author

200 m

The site lies next 4 major public buildings 1. Railway Ground 2. Proposed Gobindgargh Recreational Park 3. Dusshera Ground 4. Gol Bagh 63

CONNECTIVITY BY ROAD/PATHS 1. Strong connectivity to Old and New city . It lies at the junction of the two 2. Close proximity to national Highway NH1 3. As the Old City has High density , hence there is majority of Pedestrian traffic hence, the site is easily accessible by pedestrians and other NVMT

to GT Road

Lahore

vehicular axis pedestrian axis pedestrian axis

Hathi Gate

Lohgarh Gate

Fig 63 Connectivity Source : Google Earth,Author

64 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

Source : Google Earth

Edge Conditions

Fig 64 Road View 1 Source : Author

Fig 65 Road View 2 Source : Author

Fig 66 Road View 3 Source : Author

Fig 67 Dussehra Ground Source : Author

Fig 68 Road View 4 Source : Author

Fig 69 Road View 5 Source : Author

Contour Mapping The site majorly a flat land with a marginal level drop of 1.5 m across 200 m length of the site . However the site slopes up gradually to 7 m at the plateau of the fort and slopes down to -7m at the railway station.

Fig 70 Contours Source : Google Earth,Author 66 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

SITE PLAN (12.2 acres)

Fig 71 Site Plan

Source : Author 67

CONTEXT PHOTOGRAPHS

Fig 72 Gobindgargh Fort

Source : Author

Fig 74 Gobindgargh Fort 2 Source : Author 68 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

Fig 73 Railway Station

Source : Author

Fig 75 Dussehra Ground when not in Use

Source : Author

CHAPTER 5 Technology Systems

METHODS TO REDUCE SOLAR GAIN - BUILDING ENVELOPE + ROOF ENVELOPE 1. Vertical landscaping and roof gardens Employed to cut down on direct solar heat ingress into the building structure. REASON OF SELECTION - area program and vision requirements. provide cooling and reduce solar gain APPLICATION- Not used as West facade treatment. Different plants for different wall application.

ROOF 1. PV PANELS photovoltaic panels can also be used for shading of roof top and most importantly energy generation for the building. 2. Green Roofs to improve the thermal performance of a roofing system through shading, insulation, evapo transpiration and thermal mass. TYPE : 1. Modular block green roofâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; designed in modular units which interlock and each module contains drainage systems and plants. 2. Semi-intensive systems â&#x20AC;&#x2039;are in between the above depths (1020cm), making it suitable for growing a variety of grasses and wildflowers.

Fig 77 Green Wall Tech

Fig 78 Green Roof Tech 70 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

BUILDING SERVICES- ENERGY PV Panels Area calculation Available roof area for solar panels –9300 m2 Loss area = 5% of available open space, so that area can be calculated for installing solar panel = Available open space - Loose area Effctie area of installatin = 9300 – 465 = 8835 m2 Tilt angle calculation Latitude of Amritsar – 31.634 degrees N Optimum angles = 0.76 × ф + 3.1 (1) Where ф - Latitude of Amritsar Optimum angle = 0.76*31.63 + 3.1 = 27.1388 Shadow Angle Calculation To avoid excessive shadowing, the arrays have to be Spaced apart by a distance, d in relation to the module width – d/a = cos β + sin β/tan ε (2) and, ε = 90º – δ – ф (3) Where, ε = shadowing angle, and δ = eclipti angle = 23.5º [4]. From eq. (1), (2) and (3), ε = 41.8

Panel Arrangement Size of each panel – 1m x 2m Two panels are mounted one above the other. So the Length of the panels together becomes 4 m Since the shadow of the panel would reduce the efficiency of the panel behind it, a gap of 1.3 m needs to left (as the solar panels are mounted at an angles of 43 degrees) So 24% space of a panel is wasted Therefore the total effective space is 7000 – 24% of 8835 =6715 m2 Area for each set is 4m2 and the panels can be placed in a row without any space between them Therefore number of solar panels – 3357 panels Each panel generates – 230 w Total electricity generated – 772225 w = 772.2 KW in 1 year = 772.2 X 4.5 X 300= 1042503 KWH Fig 79 PV PANEL arrangement Source : googleimages

BUILDING SERVICES- WATER RAIN WATER HARVESTING WATER CALCULATION On August 21, Amritsar received 54.4mm rains, the highest in 2015. The average annual rainfall in Amritsar is 714 mm, three fourths of which falls in July, August and September. Usable rain water from the Roof Roof catchment area = 10988 m2 Volume of rainfall = 10988 x 0.744 = 8175.072 m3 = 8175072 liters For efficiency the roof should have ties laid on it . The run of Coefficient for tiles = 0.8 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 0.9 The coefficient for evaporation, spillage, fist flush wastage is considered as efficient rain water quantity that can be harvested is Fig 80 Rain Water Source : googleimages = 0.9 x 0.8 x 8175072 = 5886051.84 liters Total Rain water that can be used = 5886051.84 liters Calculating the size of the pipes For Delhi, Average rate of rainfall (mm per hour) is 90mm/hr. Therefore the size of our PVC pipes will be 125mm. Since the roof area is 10988 m2 The no of down sprouts will be 10988/80 = 137 Diameter of pipe will be 125 mm 72 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

Water calculation No. of users at peak time on site = 5000 For public spaces/assembly area water required per person=15L/day therefore total requirement= 75000 LPD Total water consumption = 75000 LPD for built =0.5 X 75000 = 37500 LPD Grand Total 112500 = 112.5 KLD Fresh water demand = 112.5 - 57.37 = 55.13 KLD

Total water consumption= 462150 lpd for built

BIODEGRADABLE WASTE ER COMPOSTER The EcoRich Elite II Composter falls in the category of “in-vessel” composting. Using an accelerated composting process a volume reduction of 90% and thereby 10% of compost generation is achieved in 24 hours. Our composter is an “intelligent” system that acts on the direction of the sensors placed inside the machine and thereby achieving the following – No manual intervention thus saving on labour costs and Automated execution thus saving power and maintenance costs. The machine composts waste using an energy-efficient and automated control process. The system employs high temperature micro-organisms to decompose food waste and organic matter. This is accomplished without the need of repeated additions of micro-organisms or other additives to the composting champer eve. Normal mixed food waste should take no longer than 24 hours to virtually disappear. The end products is nutrient rich organic compost which can be used gardening organic faming purpose.

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ADVANTAGES Waste volume reduction of 75-90%, within 24 hours Decomposed waste is nutrient rich compost – Needs to be removed only twice a month Fully automated operation VFD (Variable Frequency Drive) reduces electrical consumption by 15% Fig 81 Composter Source : googleimages

WASTE TREATMENT Sewage treatment plant Advantages 80% of the waste water can be reused Low running cost and maintenance Discrete and low installation costs Minimal visual impact Reliable Robust operation and stand-by facility The unique design of the flow balancing in the primary tank means it can cope with variable flows and loads making it ideal for caravan sites and other seasonal venues Easy access Safe, clean, accessible air diffuser system with large access lids for easy maintenance Tank 25 years life

Fig 82 STP Cycle Source : googleimages

water flowing into Sewer assuming 0.8 flows into it =0.8X 515978.55 = 412782.84 (412.7 KLD) total amount reaching STP =75 % of 412782.84= 309587.13 (309 KLD) water available for re-use = 85 % of 309587.13 = 263149.0605

BUILDING SERVICES- HVAC TYPE OF COOLING SYSTEMS TO BE USED :Water cooled Packed Units – The water cooled packaged units will be of 50 T each. FCU – A Fan Coil Unit (FCU) is a simple device consisting of a heating and/or cooling heat exchanger or ‘coil’ and fan. It is part of an HVAC system found in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. Will be used in – offices. AHU – An air handler, or air handling unit (often abbreviated to AHU), is a device used to regulate and circulate air as part of a heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. Will be used in – AHU in false ceiling – shops, Café, Exhibition halls Larger AHU with AHU rooms –Market,(the vent will be provided)

air conditioned area- 15 W/sqft non ac/ventilated - 8 W/sqft lighting + power= 5W/sqft lighting = 2W/sqft Total power requirement in non residential = 186420 = 186.420 KWH Total energy requirements of 1 year = 186.420 X 365 X 14 = 952606.2 KWH Total power requirement in residential = 102310 = 102.310 KWH Total energy requirements of 1 year = 102.310 X 365 X 24 hours = 896235.6 KWH Total requirement over an year = 1848841.8 KWH

Cooling Towers – The cooling towers will be placed in on the roof of the exhibition halls. They will be placed on each of the roofs separately. The chilling pipes will be insulated.

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CHAPTER 6 Site Inferences and SWAT Analysis

SWOT analysis STRENGTH 1. The site lies in the center of the city giving it accesibility to all the pedestrians and vehicles. 2. The site lies next to the NH1 connecting it to neighbouring districts,tourists etc. 3. The Gobindgarh fort and Durgiana Mandir (300 M) is in proximity to the site hence, one can get good views from the site. 4. Adjoining Community City Festival Ground will bring more life to the proposed program on the site during the time of the festivals. 5. Proximity to the Railway Station (400 mt) makes the site easily accesible to tourists.

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WEAKNESS

OPPORTUNITY

1. Major road between the Mela ground and the site hampers the pedestrian connectivity between the two sites during the time of the festivals.

1. At urban level the site lies between two recreational parks of the city (Gobindgargh Park and Gol Bagh) As compared to the highly dense packed city. Thus the site can act as a connectivity public hub between the two parks. 2. Proximity to the old city (300 m )and Golden Temple (1200 m) will add to more pedestrians into the site 3. Old Buses dumped at site can be re-used for accomodation or other suitable purposes. easily accesible to tourists.

THREAT 1. Managing heavy traffic during the time of festivals would be an issue.

Relationship between open and built.

Fig 84 Conceptual Section

Source : Author

Most of the functions in day to day life in Punjab are performed in Open, Semi-open verandas. Hence the relation ship between built. open and semi open would be very important depending upon the functions.

Shops at the Public Concourse enhance retail as well as creates a linkage between the 2 open grounds and the sarai. Also Library and Museums at upper floors would provide privacy to these functions from the activity on the lower levels. Fig 85 Conceptual Section

Source : Author 87

Basic Zoning Diagram Determinants for Zoning Direct Connectivity between Dussehra ground and sports ground Maximum frontage and accesibilty to the market to enhance retail Semi public functions like Library,Museum and Auditorium are connected to the Public realm. Functions like Sarai and Skill development center are kept private but linked directly to the public area.

Fig 86 Zoning Directives 88 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

Source : Author

PART II DESIGN

CHAPTER 7 Design Concept

CONCEPT- Connection + Orientation 1. VISUAL AXIS AND ORIENTATION The Horse Riding and playing arena is given a v shape and oriented towards the fort such that the stands get view of the fort while the performances are happening in the foreground.

2. POROUSITY AND URBAN LINKAGES Fig 87 VIEW

Source : Author

Fig 88 connections

Source : Author

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The neighbouring community ground i.e. Dussehra Ground is also given importance as the pedestrian movement into the site is through this edge. Hence to further strenghten their is a porous connectivity between the two grounds.

Fig 89 Porousity

Source : Author

3. BAZAAR EDGES The bazaars are used as functions to direct the people into the central arena .The Bazaars spread out at the concourse level to drive in more public into the market and arena space

4. ZONING RELATIVE RELATION The central arena is core to the concept. To hgihlight its importance all views and movement direct towards it. Zoning wise all the other fucntions are organised around the arena space which have direct view or spill out into the terraces towards the arena, giving all its life in the enclosed space.

Fig 90 Function and relations

Source : Author

5. VIEWS AND SITTING AREAS The amphitheatre seats all look towards not just what is happening inside the arena but also at the Gobindgargh fort in the background.

Fig 91 Angle of Seating

Source : Author 91

6. VISUAL COHERENCE The design aims to ensure that there is strong visual connections between all floors to create a feeling of a community. This will also increase the interaction.

Fig 92 Visual connectivity

Source : Author

7. PUNCTURES Light wells and punture are used in the seating space to provide proper light and ventilation to the functions under these stands.

Fig 93 Light Wells

Source : Author

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CHAPTER 8 Design Development

Design Development 1 Taking the concepts derived from the research as shown in chapter 6, many variations of massing were tried. Some of them were a direct derivation of functions being positioned according to the program analysis done in chapter 4. Some are as follows-

Fig 94 Concept Massing 1 ,Model scale 1:1000

POSITIVES

NEGATIVES

• Thr proportions of the arena and volume enclosed are right • Terraces create a lively atmosphere within the building

• • • •

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Orientation has no bases No enclosure of bazaar Response to community ground not seen No connection between two built masses

• The main central arena concept initiated • WAY FORWARD• To organize arena towards the views to the fort or Mandir

Design Development 2

Fig 95 Concept Massing 2, Model Scale 1:500

POSITIVES

NEGATIVES

• Functional Zoning is working • Bazaar edges have been enclosed

• The proportions of the arena are not correct • The massing is has no language or response to the context

Design Development 3

Fig 96 Concept Massing 3, Model Scale 1:500

POSITIVES NEGATIVES • better orientation of open space. • more importance is given to • linear arena organising stands towards • bazaar is organized linearly the fort than the actual along the arena facing infunctioning of the complex side • edge conditions on the site are not resolved 96 Jashn-e- Punjab |Architectural Thesis 2018

Design Development 4

Fig 97 Concept Massing 4, Model Scale 1:1000

POSITIVES

NEGATIVES

• pedestrian approach to the site is resolved • mobile trailer parks give an assence of typical punjabi household • the connectivity between the two wings is enhanced through undeground connections

• jaggered edges inside the built doesnt compliment the seating pattern of the arena • there is no sense of vehicular entry to the drop and vehicular circulation is not resolved with in the site • location of horse stables occupies the majot location in the built

Design Development 5

Fig 98 Concept Massing 5, Model Scale 1:500

Fig 99 Concept Massing 5.1, Model Scale 1:500

POSITIVES

NEGATIVES

• better articulation of volume. Clean lines and the section allows for more visual connection throughout all floors • distribution of zoning • residential gets proper ventilation because of open courts at upper level • vehicular entrya and drop off is resolved

• • • •

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the edges of the site still remain unresolved the bazzar has become a more formal space with more organised shops resolution of levels is not complete residential is not getting proper light

CHAPTER 9 DESIGN PORTFOLIO

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JURY COMMENTS Q. What function does the form of your building serve? Why is it like this? Ans. The form was created for the following reasons1. To create grandeur in the building 2. To create a feeling of waving flags around the arena 3. To frame view to the fort 4. To shade 60 % of the amphitheater seating and residential terraces.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY ` 1. Know Your State - Punjab by Anil Mittal 2. https://www.pixelchrome.com/page/1?per_ page=50&search=Punjab 3. https://ac.els-cdn.com 4.http://www.indianmirror.com/culture/states-culture/punjab.html 5. Project for Public Spaces (2009) Eleven Principles for Creating Great Community Places - How to Turn a Place Around [online] - htt://www.pps.org/reference/11steps/ (viewed on - 1st April 2017) 6. Gladiator (MOVIE) 2001 7. Ben Hur 1950 (MOVIE)

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