Prepared June 7, 2016 for Handoko Tansiri on behalf of Louis Report ID: 00BAN_0063MARS0000R Dr. Sharon Chen Banfield Pet Hospital #0063 315 GELLERT BLVD, DALY CITY, CA 94015 Fax: (650) 758-4875
Canine Genetic Analysis™ – What to Expect We’re excited to provide you this report about our findings of Louis’s genetic heritage. You might confirm your suspicions or be surprised. Either way, you’ll get a glimpse into your dog’s heritage and find information that will help you care for Louis in insightful ways. Dr. Chen also received a detailed report including disease screening results that may impact Louis’s health, as well as an individualized Optimum Wellness Plan® map. This is designed to help provide the best quality of life working with Louis through Banfield Pet Hospital’s unique preventive care model.
This report includes: Louis’s Geneology Breed Characteristics MDR1 Screening Results Genetic Heritage Optimum Wellness Plan: What’s Next? Certification of Genetic Ancestry
Genealogy Louis’s Ancestry Louis is a Biewer Terrier, Pomeranian, Bichon Frise, Yorkshire Terrier Cross! The Canine Genetic Analysis™ performs approximately seven million calculations using 11 models to predict the most likely combination of pure breeds and mixed breeds in the last three ancestral generations. This chart presents the best statistical result of the analysis:
Biewer Terrier
Biewer Terrier
Biewer Terrier
Biewer Terrier
Yorkshire Terrier (US Show)
Biewer Terrier
Biewer Terrier / Yorkshire Terrier Cross
Bichon Frise
Pomeranian (US Show)
Pomeranian
Biewer Terrier / Bichon Frise Cross
Louis Biewer Terrier / Yorkshire Terrier Cross
Biewer Terrier / Bichon Frise / Pomeranian Cross
Learn more about the Breeds detected in Louis on the following pages...
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Pomeranian (US Show)
Breed Characteristics Biewer Terrier Height: 8 - 10 in Weight (Show):
Biewer Terrier
4 - 8 lb Weight (Pet): 3 - 11 lb Ears:
Muzzle:
Tail:
The Biewer Terrier, originally called the Biewer Yorkshire Terrier a la Pom Pon, was first bred by Mr. and Mrs. Werner Biewer in Germany. The first Biewer was born in 1984 and it was through a selective breeding program that the Biewer Yorkshire Terrier a la Pom Pon was developed. It was first registered as a breed of its own with the ACH, and the breed standard was signed in 1989. After Mr. Biewer died in 1997, interest in the Biewer breed began to diminish. In 2003, the Biewer Terrier was brought to America and within one year the popularity of this loveable dog began to grow. The Biewer Terrier was accepted as a distinct breed of its own by the American Rare Breed Association in 2007. With its lighthearted, playful, child-like attitude, this tri-colored toy terrier is gaining popularity with dog lovers everywhere. Equally as good with children as it is with other dogs of all sizes, the Biewer Terrier is a loyal and fast friend to all it considers part of its family. Although every dog has its own unique and special personality, as a breed, the Biewer Terrier is confident, happy, fun loving and even tempered. Generally speaking, Biewers are not noisy or especially difficult in any particular way. The Biewer Terrier has a long and flowing coat with a soft, silky texture. The coat is particolor, with white on the chest and underbody, though may be shades of tan on the head and muzzle, and shades of blue (gray) or black on the head, back and tail. Some white is possible on the muzzle and tail.
Do you recognize any of these Biewer Terrier traits in Louis? Active, alert, and intelligent dogs.
On a whole the Biewer Terrier is thoughtful, loving and easily trained.
Enjoy dog sports such as, agility, rally, tracking, flyball, Frisbee, musical freestyle, and obedience.
Although they get along well with all dogs, Biewer Terriers may bark when strangers approach.
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Breed Characteristics Pomeranian Height: 7 - 12 in
Pomeranian
Weight (Show): 3 - 7 lb Weight (Pet): 3 - 10 lb Ears:
Muzzle:
Tail:
The roots of today’s Pomeranian breed can be traced back to Prussia, in the region of Pomerania – which stretches across modern Germany and Poland along the southern coast of the Baltic Sea. Around 1850, the breed was brought to England where it was given the name Pomeranian, in honor of its homeland, and recognized by the English Kennel Club in 1870. At that time, Pomeranians were much larger than the breed standard we know today. Today’s more diminutive Pomeranian was established when breeders set out to create a breed adequate for city living. Through selective breeding, English breeders were finally able to produce a dog that weighed less than twenty pounds and today’s breed standard of around five pounds demonstrates just how much the breed has evolved. In 1888, Queen Victoria was gifted with a Pomeranian, and the breed’s association with this influential monarch did much for its popularity all over the world. By 1900, the Pomeranian had been recognized by the American Kennel Club and today, the Pomeranian’s manageable size and feisty character have made it one of the most popular breeds. The DNA detected from this breed is most similar to DNA sampled from American Kennel Club registered dogs. The Pomeranian has a thick double coat which puffs out around the shoulders and chest. All colors are acceptable in the breed standard, and Pomeranians may be black, brindle (black and brown striped), apricot, red, cream, sable, chocolate, or particolor. White markings and a black mask are also possible.
Do you recognize any of these Pomeranian traits in Louis? Active, intelligent, and alert dogs.
Eager to learn and responds well to reward-based training using treats or favorite toys.
Pomeranians seem to enjoy dog sports such as agility, musical canine freestyle, rally and competitive obedience.
They tend to bark. They can be reserved around strangers and may require careful socialization to prevent or reduce defensive aggressive tendencies.
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Breed Characteristics Bichon Frise Height: 9 - 11 in Weight (Show):
Bichon Frise
7 - 12 lb Weight (Pet): 6 - 16 lb Ears:
Muzzle:
Tail:
The Bichon Frise has been in existence since the Renaissance period and is thought to have descended from the Barbet or Water Spaniel. Spanish sailors brought the dogs with them to the Canary Islands, where they were re-imported into Europe as a pet for Italian and Spanish noblemen. The early popularity of the breed is evident, as the French invaders of Italy in the sixteenth century brought many of the dogs home with them. The Bichon Frise became established in French royal court society. Its peak of popularity came under the reign of Henry III. Treated almost as though they themselves were of royal blood, the royal court Bichons had loving attention lavished on them. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, the Bichon Frise was associated with traveling circuses and served as catchpennies for street beggars, somehow having fallen out of the favor of the royal court. At the end of World War I, the Bichon Frise became popular again in France. The first litter was born in the United States in 1956 and the Bichon Frise was officially admitted to the American Kennel Club Studbook in 1972. The Bichon Frise has little variation, commonly being a white dog with a voluminous curly coat. Some dogs have shading of buff, cream, or apricot around the ears or body, though this is discouraged under the breed standard.
Do you recognize any of these Bichon Frise traits in Louis? Happy, active, intelligent, and usually friendly dogs.
Respond well to reward-based training techniques.
Bichon Frises enjoy learning tricks, and dog sports such as retrieving, agility, rally and competitive obedience.
Good family dogs, but should be closely supervised around children to avoid accidental injury to the dog or child.
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Breed Characteristics Yorkshire Terrier Height: 7 - 8 in
Yorkshire Terrier
Weight (Show): 3 - 6.5 lb Weight (Pet): 2 - 10 lb Ears:
Muzzle:
Tail:
In the mid-to-late nineteenth century when Scottish weavers were forced out of work due to the industrial revolution, they found their way to northern England in the hope of supporting their families. When they left for England they brought their dogs with them. The Yorkshire Terrier that we know today evolved from this breed, with many believing that the bloodlines of Paisley and Clydesdale Terriers were also added to the mix. The Yorkshire Terrier was used as a form of vermin control, since the areas where they lived were commonly infested. In 1865, the breed was given the official name of the Yorkshire Terrier and was introduced to the United States in 1872. Just six years later, in 1878, the Yorkshire Terrier was recognized by the American Kennel Club. However, the breed that was recognized in 1878 is completely unlike the Yorkshire terrier of today. Selective breeding has reduced the average weight of the breed from thirty pounds to less than ten pounds. Today’s Yorkshire Terriers are now miniature versions of their ancestors. The DNA detected from this breed is most similar to DNA sampled from American Kennel Club registered dogs. Yorkshire Terriers are a long haired breed that comes in combinations of Black and or Blue (A steel gray color) mixed with a tan or more vibrant gold color. A small white chest blaze is also sometimes seen. The coat can sometimes be slow to develop color, and it is common to see Yorkshire Terriers clipped for easy grooming.
Do you recognize any of these Yorkshire Terrier traits in Louis? Active, alert, and intelligent dogs.
Stubborn tendencies may be reduced via reward-based obedience training.
Enjoy dog sports such as earthdog trials, agility, rally, tracking, flyball, Frisbee, musical freestyle, and obedience.
Although they get along well with other small dogs, Yorkshire Terriers may bark when confronted with larger dogs.
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How Traits Are Inherited How Genetics Influence Breed Appearance and Behavior This report includes common behavioral and physical traits associated with each of the breeds we’ve detected in your dog’s DNA. But remember, the link between genes and their expression in specific dogs is complex. It’s likely that your dog exhibits characteristics of each breed in different ways – some more subtle than others.
An Example of Breed Expression in an Individual Dog We found three primary breeds in our example dog, Frankie. While overall, Frankie is one-of-a-kind, certain aspects of Frankie’s behavior and appearance indicate the influence of each of these breeds.
Shetland Sheepdog
Italian Greyhound
Parson Russell Terrier
Feathering
Black Pigment
The longer hair on the legs, tail and around the ears, is due to dominant modifier genes available from the Shetland Sheepdog.
This coloring in the nose, eye rims, lips and pads on the feet is due to one copy of the black gene variant, available from all three ancestral breeds.
Short Hair
White Spotting
This is due to a lack of pigment and is often found in the extremities (feet, chest, face, etc.), but can also extend over more of the body. It can be due to many genes including those found in the three ancestral breeds here.
Brindle Coat Color
The black and tan striping in Frankie’s coat is a dominant trait coming from one copy of the brindle gene variant. This is available from the Italian Greyhound, Parson Russell Terrier and Shetland Sheepdog.
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This is due to one copy of the gene variant from the Italian Greyhound or the Parson Russell Terrier that is dominant over the long coat gene from the Shetland Sheepdog.
MDR1 Results MDR1 Screening Results Condition
Gene
Mode of Inheritance
Test Results
Multi-Drug Sensitivity
MDR1
Dominant
Normal/Normal
Please be sure to share these results with your veterinarian at your first opportunity. They may be critical to the health care of your dog.
Test Results Analysis MDR1 Normal/Normal - These dogs have two copies of the normal MDR1 gene and do not have the MDR1 mutation. They will not pass on the mutation to their offspring. These dogs are not at increased risk for experiencing side effects from drugs that are pumped by P-glycoprotein.
About MDR1 MDR1, or Multi-Drug Resistance-1 is a genetic mutation found in many of the herding breeds, some sighthound breeds and many mixed-breed dogs. The MDR1 gene is responsible for production of P-glycoprotein, which is a transport pump that plays an important role in limiting drug absorption and distribution (particularly to the brain), and in enhancing the excretion of many drugs used in dogs. Some dogs, particularly herding breeds or mixed-breed dogs with herding breed ancestry have a mutation in the MDR1 gene that makes them defective in their ability to limit the absorption and distribution of many drugs. These dogs are also slower to eliminate drugs from the body that are transported by P-glycoprotein. As a result, dogs with the MDR1mutation may have severe adverse reactions to some common drugs, so it is important to test your dog and share your results with your veterinarian so they can provide your dog with for the best possible care.
Origins of the Test The discovery of the mutation of the multi-drug resistant gene (MDR1) and its effects on multi-drug sensitivity in dogs was made by Washington State University. It is a patent-protected diagnostic test offered by Washington State University that has been licensed to Mars Veterinary for use in the BanfieldŽ Canine Genetic Analysis™ tests. In addition to the MDR1 genetic mutation screen, Louis was also tested for more than 90 other genetic health conditions. We have reported all the genetic marker findings including these MDR1 results to your veterinarian. If you have not already consulted with him or her, please be sure to schedule an appointment to find out more information regarding any potential health conditions and any additional health screenings that may be recommended. A full list of results can also be found by logging into your Banfield Client Account on Banfield.com.
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Genetic Heritage Genetic Heritage Genetic heritage can affect Louis’s appearance, behavior and health. We have provided some general information about the breeds detected in Louis in this report. The full medical report, including additional breed-specific genetic information about Louis, is available from your veterinarian. You should discuss any health related concerns with your veterinarian. The purpose of the Canine Genetic Analysis™ is to identify the genetic ancestry of your dog and to provide information to your veterinarian to help craft a personalized care plan to help you provide the best quality of life for Louis.
How Canine Genetic Analysis™ Works The DNA extracted from Louis’s cells was examined for over 3000 markers that are used in the test. These results were evaluated using a program designed to consider all possible pedigree trees from the last three generations, from a simple pedigree with a single breed (likely a pure bred) to a complex tree with eight different great-grandparent breeds allowed. We use information from more than 200 breeds represented in our database to fill these potential pedigrees. Each of the millions of pedigrees are scored on how well it matches Louis’s data. The pedigree with the best score is shown on the ancestry chart.
Terms and Conditions Each dog is unique and its physical and behavioral traits will be the result of multiple factors, including genetics, training, handling, and environment. Banfield® Pet Hospital’s proprietary Canine Genetic Analysis™ provides insight into the behavioral traits in breeds that have been identified in your dog, the predicted genetic adult weight range and breed-related risks of developing certain genetic diseases. A dog’s weight range can vary significantly depending on age, diet and exercise. Canine Genetic Analysis™ is not intended to diagnose any disease, or predict behavior in any particular dog. In the unlikely event that it is not possible to determine breed history, predicted adult weight range or breed-related health risks, or if an error in the analysis occurs, liability by Banfield® Pet Hospital, or related companies and individuals is disclaimed and damages in any event are limited to the payment actually received by Banfield for the individual specified analysis at issue. Canine Genetic Analysis™ is designed and intended to be used solely to identify the genetic history of your dog’s recent ancestry and no other purpose is intended, authorized or permitted. Many countries and provinces have breed-specific ordinances and laws that may require special handling or prohibit the ownership of some dogs with a particular breed in their genetic background. The Canine Genetic Analysis™ is not intended to be used by regulatory or animal control officials to determine whether a particular breed is legislated or banned in a particular community. Nor is the Canine Genetic Analysis™ intended to be used in any judicial proceedings. Rather, it is intended to be used as a tool or resource in determining a dog’s genetic history. Neither Banfield® Pet Hospital nor any related company is responsible for compliance or notification regarding these matters. Banfield® Pet Hospital continues to study the complexities of the canine genome, with the goal of continuing to add breeds and the ability to detect additional breed-related disease conditions to Canine Genetic Analysis™ in the future. If you have any questions about the results, please contact the hospital support team or call 888-K9-PET-TEST (1-888-597-3883).
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Optimum Wellness Plan®: What’s Next? Optimum Wellness Plan Recommendation for Louis You and your veterinarian know your pet best. The Canine Genetic Analysis™ is important, but it is only one indicator your veterinarian will use in recommending the appropriate wellness plan level for next year. Talk to your veterinarian at your next comprehensive exam to discuss the Canine Genetic Analysis™ recommendation of Active Prevention Plan for next year. We know that the most common disease in dogs is dental disease. It affects 91% of dogs over the age of three. Like humans, dental disease has been associated with changes in liver, kidney and cardiac functions. Based on Louis’s breed and age, we know that your pet would greatly benefit from a dental cleaning BEFORE these problems develop. Twice-yearly comprehensive physical exams include blood work. Your Banfield veterinarian will be able to establish baselines for Louis so we can watch for problems that might appear with age. Talk to your veterinarian for more detail about what is included in the Active Prevention Plan.
Nutrition Weight and nutritional counseling are part of the comprehensive physical exam(s) included in every Optimum Wellness Plan. This will be especially important as Louis matures. Based on test results, we predict Louis’s ideal weight range to be:
Ideal Weight Range: 4 - 11 lbs
Dental Care The plan recommended for Louis includes an annual dental cleaning. Professional teeth cleaning prevents serious infection, tooth loss, pain and may reduce the potential for heart and kidney disease. We always thoroughly assess your dog’s health before administering anesthesia for any dental procedure.
Vaccinations Wellness plans protect your pet against a wide variety of diseases and infections with routinely recommended vaccinations to meet your dog’s individual needs.
Parasite Control Parasite control options can be added to any Optimum Wellness Plan to make it easy and affordable to protect your dog from fleas, heartworm and other parasites that can spread harmful diseases.
Behavior We work closely with you and your pet from the very beginning to help develop behavior training plans.
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Signed:
LOUIS
We hereby certify that
Pomeranian
Bichon Frise
Yorkshire Terrier
is genetically composed of the following canine breeds:
Biewer Terrier
Date: June 7, 2016
as determined by a Banfield Pet Hospital Canine Genetic Analysis™ of over 3000 unique DNA markers and a proprietary breed detection algorithm examining the last three generations of ancestry. Dr. Cynthia Cole, DVM, PhD, DACVCP Research & Development Director Mars Veterinary