Urban Design Portfolio

Urban Design Portfolio Hasmig Bedrossian 2016-2019

Preface Being born and raised in a diverse, multi-cultural environment in the Middle East, my work and thinking has evolved around the contemporary cultural juxtaposition within architecture and urban design. I see nature as a source of inspiration and cross-disciplinary design dialogues for holistic and ecological sustainability.

This selection of work expresses the passion and interest in urbanism and transportation planning. It dwells on utilizing the potential of “open space� in an urban redevelopment.

Open space design and its link to transit-oriented development will be transformed into interventions that could solve exisiting urban problems. Each of my projects strived to tackle atleast one issue that cities are currently facing around the world. My inspiration for all projects are inspired by the increasing demand for human-centered design for the built environment. Hope I inspire you too. https://issu.com/hasmigbedrossian https://www.linkedin.com/in/hasmigbedrossian

Some thoughts on Dixie Grove - NAIOP Competition Mississauga, ON 01 Riverside Discovery District Cambridge, ON 03 Transit Network Proposal City of Moonview 07 Streamside Infill Kitchener, ON 10 INTROArch Chicago, IL 14 Parking Levy Academic Poster Kitchener, ON 15 Home Makeover Kitchener, ON 17 Photography 18

Dixie Grove 1.1 Market Research Qualitative Total Parking Spots

555,233 sq. ft.

3,891

3 Bus Stands 0 Bicycle Spots

117

$651 /sq. ft.

Excellent

Fair

Conestoga 659,514 Mall sq. ft.

2,982

10 Bus Stands 100 Bicycle Spots

131

$1010 /sq. ft.

Fair

Excellent

Poor

Poor

Excellent

Don Mills

511,824 sq. ft

2,580

1 Subway Station 8 Bus Stands

72

$443 /sq. ft.

Good

Excellent

Good

Excellent

Excellent

Dixie Mall Outlet

473,612 sq. ft.

2,900

2 Bus Stands 10 Bicycle Spots

108

unknown

Fair

Poor

Poor

Poor

Fair

Where: Dixie Outlet Mall, Mississauga, ON Date: Sept 2019 Purpose: Commercial RealEstate Development Competition - NAIOP Programs: Revit, Photoshop, Illustrator, Indesign

Quantitative

Gross Leasable Area

Features

Fairview Mall

(GLA)

Product Range Lighting Value of Mall Active Total Store Sales Atmosphere Walkability Quality in Area Transportation Directory Productivity and Service Offers

Excellent Very good

Fair

Notes: 1. Qualitative data is measured using excellent, good, fair and poor 2. Qualitative data is measured based on the team’s observations

Are shopping malls dying or evolving?

During my 4th year co-op term, I had the chance of participating in an annual commercial real-estate development competition for a site located in Mississauga, Ontario. My team and I had to create a report that included market research, design objectives, development phasing and site planning.

1.2 Vision and Goals

To prosper economically by incorporating land uses which facilitate commercial and economic growth within the City.

To encourage a userfocused design that promotes accessibility, safety and wayfinding.

To design a resilient community that is both versatile in its offerings and adaptable to future growth.

To connect the community to other areas of the City and bridge mobility gaps within the GTA.

To engage residents and visitors with their built environment and to provide a greater sense of place by providing social and leisure activities year-round.

1.3 Site Bubble Diagram

Open Space Transit Terminal Commercial Retail

Views

Commercial Residential Mixed-use/ Flex Space

Circulation Creek

In order to facilitate the iterative process, the team divided into two and approached the task of designing with differing objectives.As a result, two contrasting proposals were scribed - each possessing varying strengths and weaknesses; homages and innovations; preservations and renovations. Through careful discussion and rigorous schematics, an amalgamated design was formed. This bubble diagram was a combination of the two that preceded it: representative of the favoured aspects of each.

01

1.4 Site Phasing and Breakdown

The first phase of development will be focused on the empty south-east parking lot to begin the mixed-use building the food store and residential units will be located in. As well, the shopping district will be demolished and built in the northwest of the site.

1.5 Transit Terminal In terms of service improvements, our idea to build on the existing Dixie Mall Terminal involves relocating the existing bus platform to a more central location while increasing capacity and ultimately creating a new transit ‘hub’ for nearby residents and visitors. We aim to decrease parking by recognizing new mobility trends such as Transportation Demand Management practices and Mobility as a Service (MASS) concept.

Bus layup

Bus stop B

Bus stop A

Bus Station

02

Riverside Discovery District Where: Downtown Galt, Cambridge, ON Date: Jan - Apr 2019 Purpose: Senior urban design studio project; PLAN 409 Programs: Sketchup, Photoshop, ArcMap, Illustrator, Indesign

What accounts for a transit-oriented development?

As a cultural hub, the Riverside Discovery District within downtown Cambridge aims to inspire visitors and residents through providing a strong balance of opportunities and improved connections to an array of activities.

“Bridging the Gap” involves mitigating the constraints to both every day life and development posed by the centralized Grand River through utilizing it as an asset to foster balance, creativity and innovation within the site.

The intention of our final studio project was to create a vibrant, cultural hub surrounding the LRT station. Its character will be recongizeable as the stop will feature local public artwork in the plaza adjacent to it. Residents and visitors will have immediate access to a new recreation centre to the south of the station and a new gallery space to the north that features local businesses. Since the station is in such close proximity to the Grand River, pedestrians will be encouraged to enjoy the view by crossing Water St. S through clear and accessible pathways.

The inspiration for the visual metaphor originates from our parti ‘bridging the gap’. This means mitigating any constraints the Grand River presents by dividing Downtown Cambridge and using it as an asset to balance both sides. The driving factors that will transform the site into a cultural hub are symbolized in the seven different icons shown below.

1.1 ‘Bridiging the Gap’ Vison Mixed-Use Development will be prioritized to accommodate active retail and diverse housing.

Local restaurants and cafes will surround the Grand River and attract tourism to the area.

Innovation and technology is an important element to ensure the city is always moving forward.

Consideration is being given to Waterloo’s School of Architecture and future education facilities and housing

Natural features will be preserved while introducing landscaped streets and extended trails

Downtown Cambridge will act as a southern gateway for the LRT and will guide future development

1.2 Street Cross-sections

Bruce St | Transit

Concession St | Boulevard

Main St | Avenue

Melville St | Pedestrian

1.3 Melville Pedestrian Lane The rendering to the right shows the pedestrian lane proposed in front of Waterloo’s School of Architecture building.

This area emphasized the needd for public art in the site, with the opportunity of performance and/or flex spaces.

03

Proposed

Open Space

Built Form

Existing

1.4 LRT Gateway Public Square

Street Hierarchy

The rendering shown below is of the public square adjacent to the transit corridor. The square was designed with the intention of acting as a destination node where-in people boarding on and off this stop would interact with this site.

400 m Boundary Existing Buildings Open Space Arterial

Collector Local Woonerf Transit corridor Boulevard

Much of the new built form is oriented around constructing new buildings to intensify within downtown; however, existing buildings are also proposed for re-use and expansion. All designated heritage properties have been preserved in order to embrace the existing cultural heritage of the site, however new developments are mixed in through the proposal to encourage a transitional blend between the old and new.

04

05

Ainslie Transit Terminal

1.5 Riverside LRT Station The LRT is proposed to run along Beverley St. and turn onto Wellington St. S. Along Wellington, it will stop near main St. and continue onto Bruce Stm where it will reach its terminal station. The Main St. LRT station will provide residents and visitors with easy access to important civic institutes like City Hall, as well as cultural buildings like the Historic Cambridge Farmers Market.

The downtown LRT station is the last station along this line and will greatly contribute to Cambridge’s presence as a cultural hub, providing access to a new community centre, galleries, and the Cambridge Arts Theatre.

1.6 Master Plan Our group had concentrated its development efforts within a 400m radius from the proposed downtown LRT station. A fairly even mix of residential, office, commercial, institutional, and cultural buildings have been proposed. Our goal was to provide a balance of uses on either side of the Grand River. Some of the more notable changes include introducing a recreational centre and increasing the building footprints of residential units and office spaces.

Beyond the 400m radius, there is a small section highlighted, which is along the LRT route.

University of Waterloo School of Architecture - New Campus

The most noticeable changes to the built form are within the 400m radius. Larger buildings have been introduced to replace smallers ones, increasing the density near the proposed terminal LRT station. The building footprints are typically rectangular in share and are placed near the streets. Holes in the urban fabric have been filled by replacing parking lots with parking garages or moving them to the back of buildings and away from the streets. Much of the new built form is oriented around constructing new buildings to intensify within downtown; however, existing buildings are also proposed for re-use and expansion. All designated heritage properties have been preserved in order to embrace the existing cultural heritage of the site, however new developments are mixed in through the proposal to encourage a transitional blend between the old and new.

1.7 Density Check

Low-rise

Mid-rise

High-rise

06

Transit Network Proposal 2.

3.

Increase Transit, Decrease Auto Usage

Relatively Flat Landscape

Efficient & Safe Movements

Economic Sector: Entertainment District and Several Landmarks

Increase Public Transit Level of Service for Locals

Population of 330,330 Residents: Increasing Transit Ridership from Home to Work

PASSENGERS

OPERATOR

COMMUNITY

+ Area Coverage + Reliability + Cycle Speed + Capacity + Flexibility + Safety & Security + Costs + Passenger Attraction

+ Availability + Frequency/Headway + Reliability + Speed & Travel Time + Comfort Levels + Convenience + Security & Safety + User Cost

+ SQ/Passenger Attraction + System Cost + Reliability in Emergencies + Social Objectives + Environmental Impact + Energy Consumption + Long-Range Impacts

1.2 RTS Mode Selection Mode selection was completed using the following flow charts for each line in the network to determine what mode would best suit the requirments.

Bus Rapid Transit: Line 2, 5

Street

Arterial

B - Partial Separation Transit Lanes, Medians

A - Full Separation

Separated Alignments

Steered

Minibus

Automated

Guided

ICE Bus

Hybrid Trolleybus

Electric BRT

LRT

RRT

Low Medium

High

RIGHT OF WAY

Light Rail Transit: Line 1

C - No Separation

TECHNOLOGY

The project involved working with a set of data for an imaginery city, given only the population and employment size and distribution. This project serves to to understand the municipality and analyze its preliminary data to serve as a foundation for the design of the transit network and agency. As a car-dependent region, the city is dominated by the private vehicle through the previously elected transit adverse council members.

1.

SERVICE/ PERFORMANCE

What is the appropriate balance of a transit network to combat a vehicleoriented city?

TRANSIT

Programs: Arc Map, Photoshop, Illustrator, Indesign

RIGHT OF WAY

Purpose: Transit Network Proposal for Transit and Operations Planning course; PLAN 478

TECHNOLOGY

Date: Jan - Apr 2019

SERVICE/ PERFORMANCE

Where: Municipality of Moonview

CONDITION SET

1.1 Goals and Objectives Flow Chart

C - No Separation Street

Minibus

Arterial

B - Partial Separation Transit Lanes, Medians

Steered

Guided

ICE

Hybrid Bus

Low

Trolleybus

A - Full Separation

Separated Alignments

Automated Electric RRT

BRT

LRT

Medium

High

The municipality strives to build an efficient transit system in this vehicle dominant region and successfully deliver a transit agency and network with a maximum of 5 lines.

Line 1: LRT 1.3 Route Breakdown

Diametrical line that connects through the CBD. It effectively covers a good service level per km for the a highly concentrated area. However, it tends to concentrate most of its service downtown, isolating the outer, suburban zones. This is prone to poor area coverage.

24.7km

Line 2: BRT

Radial with some circumferential mostly around the north east part of the region. It enables better passenger distances and avoids the city center. Most of the populated zones are accumulated around the line of the circumference with lessly populated zones in the middle such as zone 10 and part of zone 20.

24.7km

Line Connections With:

Line Connections With:

+ Armstrong Entertainment District + Milkyway Mall + Northside Terminal + Southside Terminal

+ Milkyway Mall + Cosmos Amusement Park

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Apollo Arena

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Line 4: Lyra Bus

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Line 3: Nova Bus

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Legend

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Line 2: Elektra

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Transfer Stations

1.4 Network Design

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Line 5: Luna Bus Landmarks Transfer Terminal

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1

2

4

6

8 Kilometres

Population & Employment Coverage Both the population and employment numbers were calculated by intersecting the new polygon with each layer, respectively. The results found that 58.61% of the population and 60.03% of the employment areas are served by the proposed network.

Percentage

Route

Network

Total

Population

193, 448

330, 034

58.61%

Employment

103, 384

172, 212

60.03%

The map on the right highlights the area covered by transit network based on a catchment radius of: • 400m for local bus stops; • 800m for BRT and LRT stops; and, • 800m for terminal and transfer stations.

Based on the intersection of this new polygon and the municipal boundary, the entire network covers 112km2 of area and the total area of Moonview is 203.6km2- that means that network in terms of area is 55% covered.

Line 3: Local Bus

Line 4: Local Bus

31.2 km

33.8 km

The radial line would connect the northeast and midwest suburban outskirts of the region.

Loops at the end of radial lines allow for better coverage outside the CBD, in keeping with a moderate utilization of the line in size of the loop. Radial networks with loops are different than radial networks as they tend to focus concentration on the suburban parts of the region, around the CBD.

Line Connections With: + Milkyway Mall + Cosmos Amusement Park + Armstrong Entertainment District

This route is considered diametrical because it connects to relatively low density suburbs on either end of the City. Along its route it also captures higher density populations towards the east of the City and connects to major landmarks such as the Arena and Concert Hall. It connects with other lines to provide residents with multiple route options to get to their destinations.

Line Connections With: + Milkyway Mall + Cosmos Amusement Park + Armstrong Entertainment District

Line 5: Local Bus

Line 5 is considered a tangential bus route because it cuts across the City of Moonview and offers another North-South connection that distributes demand away from the CBD. It is the only route servicing the southwest area of the City which is primarily low to mid-density and would benefit from a local bus route.

21.0 km

Line Connections With: + Milkyway Mall + Cosmos Amusement Park + Armstrong Entertainment District

08

1 km

1

16 street 3 terminal 7 transfer

26 stops

900 m

2

15 street 2 terminal 5 transfer

22 stops

3

91 street 3 terminal 6 transfer

100 stops

4

103 street 2 terminal 3 transfer

108 stops

5

63 street 3 terminal 5 transfer

71 stops

The stop spacing along the network was dictated by the level of service and mode type proposed along each line. Higher order rapid transit, such as the LRT and BRT proposed along Lines 1 and 2 respectively, would have increased stop spacing compared to regular bus routes. More specifically, higher order transit generally had stops spaced 1km apart while lower order had stops spaced around 400m apart.

350 m

350 m

The graphic to the right displays the total number of stops per line and breaks it down according to on-street stops, terminal stops and transfer stops.

Additionally, there is an average stop distance for each transit line in the MTA transit network.

315 m

The logo is intended to be dynamic and can be combined with the various colours to represent various network lines while still maintaining a visual identiy for MTA. Samples are shown to the right.

AGENCY

MO

MTA

S TRAN

IT

The logo includes two circles which intersect which represent the links within the network and the colours chosen to include vibrant colours that fade into darker shades.

MO

M

O

NVIEW

O

MO

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1.7 Branding

#941119

#E94B27

#EFCA0C

MO

#3E0C1F

O

O

O

NVIEW

MTA

NVIEW

MTA

NVIEW

MTA

NVIEW

MTA

#0E0F14

O

O

NVIEW

MTA

1.6 Route Stops

1.8 Information System Design 1 2 3 4 5

A large component of a successful transit system is its ability to integrate modern technology to allow passengers to quickly determine schedule times of various routes. MTA plans to incorporate state-of-the-art information systems throughout our transit network in the form of:

Milkyway Mall Station viva purple

Entertainment District

viva plum

viva red Mall

Arena

Concert Hall

viva orange

• • • •

Financial District King Street Jacob Terry Center

Amusement Park

Entertainment District Devin Feng Convention Centre Moonview Walk of Fame

1 2

3

Line 1: Hyperion

Milkyway Mall Terminal

Line 2: Elektra

Transfer Stations

Line 3: Nova

4

Line 4: Lyra

5

Line 5: Luna

Digital signs at terminal and transfer stations; Digital tickers at bus stops; Wayfinding totem posts and poles; and, Service maps at all stop locations.

St. James

James Market Moonview City Hall

Armstrong Entertainment District Cosmos Amusement Park 25 min

1 min 3 min

1

Milkyway Mall

Line 1: Hyperion

Apollo Arena

Buzz Concert Hall

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Streamside Infill 1.1 Post Site Visit Mood Board Where: Fairview Industrial Park, Kitchener Date: May - Aug 2018 Purpose: Community Design Studio; PLAN 313 Programs: Sketchup, Photoshop, ArcMap, Illustrator, Indesign

To what extent can infill development redirect the character of an industrialized center dating back from the 1970s?

Streamside infill was my third urban design studio project based in Kitchener, ON. The project housed Fairview Park, a old, 19th century mall with out-to-date architectural design surrounded by vast parking lots. This was coupled with surrounding plazas and big industrial sites that brought in ongoing traffic from personal-vehicles and commercial trucks on to Fairway Road South. The purpose of the project was to introduce sustainable measures, complete streets and place-making concepts through altered and preserved buildings.

1.2 Kevin Lynch’s 5 Elements of Design 1.

Create Urban Morphology through fragments of districts

4.

2.

Open up plazas and court blocks to create nodes

Break up building footprints to create edges of open space

5.

3.

Break up building footprints to create paths

Introduce variation of height and new, mixed-uses to form landmarks

1.3 Demographics Existing

Proposed

Residential Commercial Office Institutional Industrial Owned

Social housing

Privately owned

Jobs per hectare

29

68

Green space

3%

20%

53%

10%

Parking lots

10

1.4 Site Plan

4.

3.

2.

1.

1.5 Stream and LRT Cross Sections A variation of height has been offered throughout the site with careful consideration of overshadowing and gradience. Storeys have been distributed proportionately according to the building uses. New categories such as commerical/office, residential/commercial office and residential/office have been added for the purpose of creating buildings that accomodate different uses to provide a sense of ‘place making’.

4. Streamside District

11

1.6 Renderings

2. People’s Sqaure

1. Kingway’s Drive

3. Fairway Road S

1.7 Design Charette

1.

Team of 6 split into two teams

2.

Teams trace deleliverables: goals map, Kevin Lynch’s 5 Elements, stop-light diagram

3.

Teams draw out proposed site plans with land use

4.

Teams almalgamate ideas into model

Model

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INTROArch of Architecture : IntroARCH 2018

ns

Where: Chicago, Illinois

1.1 Intersections

IIT College of Architecture : IntroARCH 2018

The task was to create a drawing that employs a matrix of projection, 08: spatial propositions propagation, extrapolation, and superimposition to characterize a set of spatial conditions in the vicinity of Crown Hall.

Date: Jul - Aug 2018 Purpose: Graduate prep workshop Programs: Photoshop, Illustrator, Indesign Techniques: freehand drawing, imaging, discriptive and analytic orthographic projection, and architectural modelmaking.

rsections

The prep-graduate workshop was held at the Illinois Institute of Technology’s College of x of projection, propagation, on to Architecture. characterize set of Theaworkshop was built around a series of design studio projects ers, logics, and substructures, that integrate drawing mporary, past/present/future), andembodied discussion sessions, alog of presence concept andassociating. process describing, and tutorials, and reviews with tical visiting mapping to generate critics.

elop the spatial qualities of d ensembles Agenda: of illuminated

1. Parallel gradienta Comparative distinct2. scales – theanatomy scale of 3.

Form and and rooms, and contents the scale of 4. Simultaneous views 5. Memory space 6. Altered states us scales 7. Street stories

n paper – various scales arious scales

intersections SITE: Prepare a drawing that employs a matrix of projection, propagation, extrapolation, annotation and superimposition to characterize a set of spatial conditions in the vicinity of Crown Hall.

Specifically, this drawing maps geometric orders, logics, and substructures, material conditions (soft/hard, permanent/temporary, past/present/future), experiential qualities relating to sensory catalog of embodied presence and conceptual frameworks for remembering, describing, and associating.

PROGRAM: Extend the logics of your analytical mapping to generate hypothetical inhabitations. Explore and develop the spatial qualities of these spaces through physical models and ensembles of illuminated orthographic cuts and views.

Deliverables: 1.

Geometric matrix drawing: multi-media - various scales

Your drawings must explicitly address distinct scales – paper the scale 2. three Orthographic cuts: pencil, print, and collage on - various scales of 3.

Sectional models: white paper and board - various scales landscapes and horizons, the scale of bodies and rooms, and the scale of limbs, connections, and tactile engagement.

1.2 Content Models DELIVERABLES:

Geometric matrix drawing: multimedia – various scales The models represent different the surrounding space of Crown Hall.

Orthographic cuts:interpretations pencil, print,taken andfrom collage on paperopen – various scales They map geometric orders and material conditions (soft/hard, permanent/temporary, past/presen/future).

Sectional model(s): white paper and board – various scales It depicts experiemental qualities relating to sensory experiences of embodied presence and conceptual framework for remembering, associating.

DUE: 10:00AM ondescribing Saturdayand 8/11/18

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1.3 Altered States Prepared drawings that employed a matrix of projection, propagation, extrapolation and annotation to characterize a set of spatial conditions in the vicinity of Crown Hall, the school of Architecture building at the Illinois Institute of Technology.

Space vortex

Open space - section and plan view

School of fish

1.4 Comparative Autonomy

The objective was to develop a strategy of positioning and relating views to explore the object’s formal, geometric, and behavioral attributes. The sketches below show line weights and drawing precisions to distinguish between edges, cuts, and layers. The orthographic projection sketches were then reinterpreted into digital collages using Photoshop. The collages allowed for recontextualizing reimagining the objects.

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Academic Poster the

PARKING LEVY

Date: Sep - Dec 2016 Purpose: Public finance mechanism explained through academic poster; PLAN 103 Planning Administration and Finance Programs: Photoshop, Illustrator, Indesign, Excel

Cost of Congestion

£166 million/y

Can this public finance mechanism help support sustainability?

in Nottingham, UK (Dale e

= £10 million/year

What is it?

It is a charge that can be imposed on non-residential parking spaces including office and commercial parking (Ison et al., 2014). Workplace parking levies charge private non-residential parking to employers who provide parking for employees. It assists in an overall reduction of traffic levels, congestion and a shift of modal transportation from private to public, and raise revenues for capital investments (Mingardo, 2015).

Municipality

Urban sprawl is a problem as it increases congestion, GHG emissions, and degrades your health

Business

Money from parking levies goes towards funding public transit and infrastructure

Consumer charge?

YES

NO

Less people will drive and start to use other modes of transportation

Parking levy is charged as a bundled good

Pros & Co

Local authorities have the p and workplace parking levie management and fund raisi (Whitehead 2005).

Compact Urb

PRO • greater emphasis on collective modes of transportation • makes car less attractive

Local Econom

PRO

Promotes compact urban form

Promotes urban sprawl

• provides revenues that can be used to improve aspects of a city including public transit • constrains congestion during peak periods resulting in a better city flow • Increase of public transportation results in increased frequency of transportation

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Applied Examples

Legislation

Sydney, Australia

n

6year

The Australian cities of Melbourne, Sydney, and Perth have all implemented parking levies. With parking levies, the government has contained the quantity of parking that is permitted in the central districts.

These cities can therefore dictate the price and location of the levies. The revenue from these levies has gone towards et al., 2014). financing transport improvements in congested areas (Bray, 2011).

r

Legislation that supports implementation of a parking levy can be found within the Provincial Policy Statement, section 1.8 (PPS, 2014) states that reduced green house gas emissions is a main objective, which a parking levy tries to encourage a shift away from miles travelled. Under the Ontario Planning Act, Provincial Interest Section 2 (K) states that the development must support public transit (Planning Act, 2015). A parking levy encourages a shift from private to public transportation.

The Big Move

Nottingham, UK Nottingham, UK, implemented a Workplace Parking Levy (WPL).

Overall goal was to to reduce traffic congestion and provide funding to improve public transit systems including the expansion of Nottingham’s express transit (Frost et al., 2009).

Success of the WPL would lead to more implementations within the UK.

• In Ontario, Metrolinx- an agency under the Government of Ontario- is working on a plan “The Big Move” where parking levies would help raise funds for the plan

A parking levy

ban Form

CON

Could raise

M $350

ons

power to implement road user charges es, as instruments of traffic ing for local transport improvements

million/year by charging 25 cents/day

Equity

PRO • Reduced emissions • Reduced congestion • Increased health • Reduced free riding

CON • Reduced business profits if poorly located • Bundling of goods • If owner is charged then price of parking is not truly implemented • The price may not matter (Elasticity of demand)

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

PRO

CON • If costs are absorbed by businesses and employers, there is no revenue available to be put into public transit systems

Promotes Compact Urban Form & Alternate Modes of Transportation

Reduced Congestion

Brings in Revenue

The Public Interest Parking levies are not in the public interest if they are poorly located. Businesses and the public could possibly object if they are already heavily taxed and are not able to pay for it. If a business absorbs the cost or bundles the goods then it will promote urban sprawl.

An ideal parking levy would be best for the public.

It would be in the public interest if an efficient parking levy was constructed to be selfsustaining and efficient while also balancing the social equity of a population.

per space (Metrolinx, 2016)

• intensifies city center

my

The Ideal Parking Levy

Currently in Canada, only British Columbia and Quebec have implemented parking levies (Poucher, 1998).

• environmentally sustainable • does not contribute to pollution

CON • could potentially reduce car sales • Businesses absorbing costs of the levy would not change private transportation perspectives • Alterations to infrastructure used to make parking lots and spaces

Expenditures & Revenue

PRO • financial measure designed to reduce car usage

0 road pricing park. levies park. places slow modes train car tram metro/l. rail bus

2

average score

4

6

8

10

tram expected desired

The highest score for expected policy measures is for an increase in parking levies which may make the use of private cars less attractive (Nijkamp & Reinstra, 1996).

The second highest score is for a reduction for the number of parking spaces, which is expected to be introduced to a smaller extent than an increase in parking levies.

Further Readings Dale, S., Frost, M., Ison, S., & Warren, P. (2014). Workplace Parking Levies: The answer to funding large scale local transport improvements in the UK? Research in Transportation Economics. 48. 410-421. Retrieved March 9, 2016.

D’Souza, Jayesh. (2014). Environmental Protection Fees, Inter-Governmental Equalization Payments and Other Options for transportation Funding Explored. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management.

Ison, S., & Mulley, C. (2014). Parking: Issues and Policies. Retrieved March 14, 2016, Mingardo, G., Wee, B.V., Rye, T. (2015). Urban parking policy in Europe: A conceptualization of past and possible future trends.

Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, (74), 268-281. Retrieved March 9, 2016.

Nijkamp, P., & Rienstra, S. A. (1996). Sustainable transport in a compact city. The compact city: A sustainable urban form, 190-199.

CON • concern that the economic health of businesses located in charged town centers may be undermined

PLAN103 Prof. Moos

Hasmig B./Jacky C./Jeffery L./ John B./Sam J.

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Home Makeover 1.1 Floor Plans Where: Ridgeview Homes, Kitchener Date: Jun - Aug 2019 Programs: AutoCAD, Softplan, Photoshop, Illustrator

What draws people to their ideal home?

My role at Ridgeview Homes mainly involved supporting the senior draftsperson and the interior design department with reviewing and editing house floor plans, elevations and supporting documentation for permit packages. A month into the work term, I was asked to create another option for the Dorval Model Home (floor plans shown).

This involved working with designers to iterate another house option for clients to choose from.

1.2 Showroom Renderings

Forest Creek Sales Office | Kitchener, ON

Colonel Talbot Sales Office | London, ON

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Photography

Hong Kong | 22°20’42.7”N 114°12’54.8”E These photographs were taken during my summer undergraduate research internship in Hong Kong. My pictures mainly focused on natural landscapes, cultural spaces, and people interacting with the spaces around them. I was more intrigued with what existed outside the bustling city life and what people ususally don’t expect looking at when thinking of Hong Kong. I saw the beauty in small souvenir gifts to the way fishing villages formed around the island.

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Thank you!