Slings arabic

‫‪HSE Department‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ‬

‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺭﺋﻳﺳﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ‬

‫ﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ )ﻗﻣﺎﺵ – ﺑﻭﻟﻳﺳﺗﻳﺭ‪ -‬ﻧﺎﻳﻠﻭﻥ(‬

‫ﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﺩﻧﻳﺔ )ﺷﺑﻛﺔ(‬

‫ﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺻﻠﺏ‬

‫ﺳﻼﺳﻝ‬

‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺭﺋﻳﺳﻳﺔ ﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ‬

‫‪Health, Safety & Environmental Dept.‬‬

‫ﻗﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ )ﺍﻟﺗﺻﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ(‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻓﻰ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﻳﻡ )ﺍﻟﺭﺃﺳﻰ( ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ‪%۱۰۰‬‬

‫•‬

‫ﻓﻰ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ ) ﺍﻟﺳﻠﺔ( ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ‪%۲۰۰‬‬

‫•‬

‫ﻓﻰ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ )ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ( ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻗﺩﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ‪%۸٥‬‬

‫‪Prepared by Saleh Elseiri‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪HSE Department‬‬

‫•‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻳﺣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺧﻁﺄ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ‬

‫ﻓﺣﺹ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻳﺗﻡ ﻓﺣﺹ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻛﻝ ﻳﻭﻡ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻹﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻋﻧﺩ ﺗﻐﻳﺭ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﺇﺳﺗﺑﻌﺎﺩﻫﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻠﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺻﺑﺢ ﻣﻌﻳﺑﺔ‬

‫ﺳﻼﺳﻝ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺯﺍﻳﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺗﺄﺧﺩ ﺷﻛﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻝ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ‪.‬‬

‫•‬

‫ﺍﻹﺧﺗﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﺛﻝ ﻟﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻭﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺧﻧﺔ‪.‬‬

‫•‬

‫ﻛﻣﺎ ﺗﺗﻣﻳﺯ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺻﻼﺑﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻳﻭﺏ ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻗﺩ ﺗﻧﻛﺳﺭ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﺻﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻔﺎﺟﺄﺓ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻋﻧﺩ ﻛﺳﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻳﺅﺩﻯ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﺳﻘﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻝ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ ﺇﺗﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ﺑﺄﻛﻣﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪Prepared by Saleh Elseiri‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪HSE Department‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ‬

‫ﻭﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺛﺑﺕ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﻟﻭﺣﺔ ﻣﻌﺩﻧﻳﺔ ﺗﻭﺿﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻗﻝ ﺗﻘﺩﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﺗﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻁﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻭﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟ ُﻣﺻﻧﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻔﺣﺹ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺇﻧﺗﻬﺎء ﺍﻟﻔﺣﺹ‬

‫ﺗﺭﻗﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﺳﻼﺳﻝ ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻭﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺳﻼﺳﻝ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺭﻗﻣﻳﺔ ﺗﻭﺿﺢ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻧﻭﻉ ﻣﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻧﻌﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺣﺹ ﺍﻟﺳﻼﺳﻝ ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻓﺣﺹ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﻯ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﺩء ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ‬

‫•‬

‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﻷﺧﺫ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻹﻋﺗﺑﺎﺭ ﻋﻧﺩ ﻣﻼﺣﻅﺔ ﺃﻯ ﺇﺳﺗﻁﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ‪.‬‬

‫•‬

‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﻗﻳﺎﺱ ﻗﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﺟﺯء ﺗﺎﻟﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺗﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﻗﻝ ﻗﻁﺭ ﻣﺳﻣﻭﺡ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻭﻝ ‪ ,‬ﻟﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺇﺧﺭﺍﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﺑﺳﺑﺏ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺣﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﻧﺑﻐﻰ ﻣﻥ ﻣﺣﻳﻁﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻰ ﺃﻡ ﻻ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺄﻗﺻﻰ ﻣﺩﻯ ﻟﻺﺳﺗﻁﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻣﻭﺡ ﺑﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺄﻗﻝ ﻣﺣﻳﻁ ﻗﺩ ﺗﺻﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺣﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪Minimum Allowable Chain‬‬ ‫)‪Size (Inches‬‬

‫‪Prepared by Saleh Elseiri‬‬

‫‪Chain Size‬‬

‫‪Minimum‬‬ ‫‪Allowable‬‬ ‫‪Chain Size‬‬ ‫)‪(Inches‬‬

‫‪13/16‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪15/64‬‬

‫¼‬

‫‪29/32‬‬

‫‪1 1/8‬‬

‫‪19/64‬‬

‫‪3/8‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫¼‪1‬‬

‫‪25/64‬‬

‫½‬

‫‪3/32‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪1 3/8‬‬

‫‪31/64‬‬

‫‪5/8‬‬

‫‪3/16‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫½‪1‬‬

‫‪19/32‬‬

‫¾‬

‫‪13/32‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫¾‪1‬‬

‫‪45/64‬‬

‫‪7/8‬‬

‫)‪(inches‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪Chain Size‬‬ ‫)‪(inches‬‬

‫‪HSE Department‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺗﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﻥ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻙ‪ ،‬ﺟﺩﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻠﻙ ﻣﺻﻧﻭﻉ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻳﺭ‪...‬ﺇﻟﺦ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺻﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺏ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺳﻠﻙ ﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺻﻑ ﻭﻳﻠﺗﻑ ﺣﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ ﻓﻳﻛﻭﻧﻭﺍ ﺟﺩﻟﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻻﺕ ﺣﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺻﻑ ﻟﻳﻛﻭﻧﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫• ﺇﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻋﻧﺩ ﺇﺧﺗﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻳﺟﺏ ﻣﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻵﺗﻰ‪:‬‬

‫•‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ‬

‫•‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺛﻧﻰ ﺑﺩﻭﻥ ﻛﺳﺭ‬

‫•‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺣﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺷﻁ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺗﻛﺎﻙ‬

‫•‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺣﻣﻝ ﺳﻭء ﺍﻹﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ‬

‫•‬

‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻹﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﺍﻷﻏﻁﻳﺔ ﻣﺛﻝ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺧﻳﺵ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺧﺷﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺫﻟﻙ ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﻣﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻵﻣﻧﺔ ﻣﺛﻝ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﺋﺩﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪Prepared by Saleh Elseiri‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪HSE Department‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺣﺹ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ‬

‫•‬

‫ﻛﻝ ﻳﻭﻡ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻹﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻛﻝ ﻣﻠﺣﻘﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻳﺟﺏ ﻓﺣﺻﻬﺎ ﺑﻭﺍﺳﻁﺔ ﺷﺧﺹ ﻣﺅﻫﻝ ﻭﺫﻭ ﺧﺑﺭﺓ‪.‬‬

‫•‬

‫ﻓﺣﺹ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻰ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺗﻐﻳﺭ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻳﺑﺔ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺇﺧﺭﺍﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺻﻳﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻠﺏ ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻳﺗﻡ ﺗﻧﻅﻳﻔﻬﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻟﻕ‪ ،‬ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﻓﺭﺷﺎﻩ‪.‬‬

‫•‬

‫ﻳﺗﻡ ﺭﺷﻬﺎ ﺑﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻁﻳﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻧﻧﻅﻳﻑ‪.‬‬

‫•‬

‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺯﻳﺗﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺣﻣﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﺇﺧﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻠﺏ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻵﺗﻳﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺷﻳﺵ )ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻳﺋﺔ ﻋﺵ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺋﺭ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻁﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻟﺗﻭﺍء‪.‬‬

‫•‬

‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻳﻁ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺭﺟﻰ ﻟﻠﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺻﻠﺏ ﺑﻧﺳﺑﺔ ‪ ۳/۱‬ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻳﻁ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻰ‪.‬‬

‫•‬

‫ﻛﺳﺭ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺳﻠﻛﺎﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣﺩﻩ‪.‬‬

‫•‬

‫ﻛﺳﺭ ‪ ٦‬ﺳﻠﻛﺎﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻳﻁ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺭﺟﻰ ﻟﻠﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻛﺎﻣﻝ‪.‬‬

‫‪Prepared by Saleh Elseiri‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪HSE Department‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ )ﻋﻳﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ( ﻣﻥ ﺍﻹﺣﺗﻛﺎﻙ‬

‫ﺍﻷﻗﻔﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛﻝ ﺣﺭﻑ‪U‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻋﻧﺩ ﺇﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻗﻔﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛﻝ ﺣﺭﻑ ‪ U‬ﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻛﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺑﻁ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺍﻣﻳﻝ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺇﺗﺟﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﻭﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺑﻁ ﻧﺎﺣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺻﻠﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺣﺭﻑ ‪ U‬ﻧﺎﺣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺕ‬

‫‪Prepared by Saleh Elseiri‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪HSE Department‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺄﻗﻔﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺭﺑﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛﻝ ﺣﺭﻑ ‪: U‬‬

‫ﺳﻣﻙ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺻﻠﺏ‪ ،‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﺗﺣﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻳﻧﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻣﻌﻧﻰ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻛﻠﺑﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺳﺏ ٌ‬

‫‪Prepared by Saleh Elseiri‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪HSE Department‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﺗﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﺗﺻﻧﻊ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﻳﻠﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻳﺳﺗﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻣﺎﺵ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺷﺗﺭﻙ ﻛﻝ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋﺹ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺇﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﺩ ﻣﻥ ﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﺎﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻹﻳﺿﺎﺡ ﺍﻵﺗﻰ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺍﻹﺳﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﺻﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﻣﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻝ ﻧﻭﻉ ﻟﻠﺭﻓﻊ )ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺗﺻﺑﻳﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ(‬ ‫ﻧﻭﻋﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻧﻊ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ ﻳﺟﺏ ﻓﺣﺻﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﺷﺧﺹ ﻣﺅﻫﻝ ﻭﺫﻭ ﺧﺑﺭﺓ ﻛﻝ ﻳﻭﻡ ﻭﻗﺑﻝ ﻛﻝ ﺇﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ‪ ,‬ﻹﺧﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻳﺑﺔ ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻳﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺷﺧﺹ ﺍﻟﻣﺅﻫﻝ ﺑﺈﺟﺭﺍء ﻓﺣﺹ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻰ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻯ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﺿﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻣﺣﺩﺩ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺑﻧﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻣﻌﺩﻝ ﺗﻛﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ‬ ‫ﻁﺑﻳﻌﺔ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺧﺑﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﻛﺗﺳﺑﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺳﻧﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﻣﻣﺎﺛﻠﺔ‬

‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﻋﻣﻝ ﻓﺣﺹ ﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﻟﻠﺑﺣﺙ ﻋﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﻳﺭ ﻣﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ ﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺗﻬﺎ )ﻗﺩﺭﺗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻧﻊ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ‪.... ،‬ﺇﻟﺦ(‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻣﺎﺽ ﻛﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺭﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺻﻬﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻔﺣﻡ ﺃﻯ ﺟﺯء ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ‬ ‫ﺛﻘﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻗﻁﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻳﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺧﻳﺎﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﻁﻭﻋﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺑﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺻﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻓﺭﺍﻁ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﺂﻛﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺃﻯ ﺟﺯء ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺗﻠﻭﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﻬﺷﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺃﻯ ﺟﺯء ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺗﺂﻛﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺧﺭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻛﺳﺭ‪ ،‬ﺻﺩﺃ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﻠﺣﻘﺎﺕ )ﻋﻳﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩﻧﻳﺔ( ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﻛﺳﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻷﺧﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺳﺑﺏ ﺍﻟﺷﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺗﻣﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺣﺑﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻋﻧﺩ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺃﻯ ﺗﻠﻑ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻕ ﺫﻛﺭﻫﻡ ﺳﻭﺍء ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻠﺣﻘﺎﺗﻪ ‪ ,‬ﻳﺟﺏ ﺇﺧﺭﺍﺟﻪ ﻓﻭﺭﺍ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﻪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪Prepared by Saleh Elseiri‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪HSE Department‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻠﺣﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ ) ﻋﻳﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩﻧﻳﺔ(‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﺣﻘﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻝ ﺑﻧﻔﺱ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻭﻟﺔ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻻ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻁﺭﻭﻓﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﺗﺗﺳﺑﺏ ﻓﻰ ﻗﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺣﺫﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻸﺷﺧﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻳﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺃﺟﺯﺍء ﺍﻟﺟﺳﺩ ﺑﻌﻳﺩﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﻁﻕ ﻣﺎﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻣﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻧﺵ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﻙ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﺩ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻭﺟﺩ ﺃﺣﺩ ﻳﻘﻑ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻣﺭ ﺗﺣﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻕ )ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻓﻭﻉ(‪.‬‬

‫•‬

‫ﻣﻣﻧﻭﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺭﻛﻭﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻝ ‪ ,‬ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻝ ﻣﺻﻣﻡ ﻭﺃُﺧ ٌﺗﺑﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺑﻭﺍﺳﻁﺔ ﺷﺭﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﺧﺻﺻﺔ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻻ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻧﺻﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻘﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺋﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ ﺣﻳﺙ ﻟﻥ ﻳﺗﻌﺭﺿﻭﺍ ﻟﻸﺧﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﻛﺎﻧﻳﻛﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻛﻳﻣﻳﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺿﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻓﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺑﻧﻔﺳﺟﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪،‬‬

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‫ﻋﻧﺩ ﺗﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺟﺏ ﺇﺗﺑﺎﻉ ﺗﻌﻠﻳﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻧﻊ‬

‫•‬

‫ﻛﻣﺎ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﻟﺭﺟﻭﻉ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻧﻊ ﻟﻠﻔﺣﺹ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﻣﺱ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻣﺳﺗﻣﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺑﻧﻔﺳﺟﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪Prepared by Saleh Elseiri‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪HSE Department‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ‬

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‫ﻛﻠﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺇﻧﻔﺭﺍﺝ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﺿﻌﻑ ﻗﺩﺭﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﺃﻣﺎﻥ ﺯﻭﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻟﻛﻝ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﺃﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﺧﺫﻩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻹﻋﺗﺑﺎﺭ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻣﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺣﻣﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﻠﻭﺑﻪ ﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ‪.‬‬

‫‪Prepared by Saleh Elseiri‬‬

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‫‪HSE Department‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﺳﻬﻠﺔ ﻟﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺯﻭﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻣﺎﺑﻳﻥ ﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻭﻙ ْ‪ ,۹۰‬ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ ْ‪٤٥‬‬

‫•‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻳﺷﻛﻠﻭﻥ ﻣﺛﻠﺙ ﻣﺗﺳﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻷﺿﻼﻉ‪ ،‬ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ ْ‪٦۰‬‬

‫•‬

‫ﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﻳﻭﺿﺢ ﻛﻳﻑ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻐﻳﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻧﻔﺭﺍﺝ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ ﻟﻠﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻳﺅﺛﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﻭﺣﻣﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻣﻊ ﺛﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻭﻟﺔ ‪۱۰۰۰‬ﺭﻁﻝ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻧﺟﺩ ﺃﻧﻧﺎ ﻧﺣﺗﺎﺝ ﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻛﺑﺭ ﻓﻰ ﻗﺩﺭﺗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻣﺎ ﺇﻧﻔﺭﺟﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪Prepared by Saleh Elseiri‬‬

‫‪11‬‬