HSE Department
ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ
ﻣﻌﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ
ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺭﺋﻳﺳﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ
ﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ )ﻗﻣﺎﺵ – ﺑﻭﻟﻳﺳﺗﻳﺭ -ﻧﺎﻳﻠﻭﻥ(
ﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﺩﻧﻳﺔ )ﺷﺑﻛﺔ(
ﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺻﻠﺏ
ﺳﻼﺳﻝ
ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺭﺋﻳﺳﻳﺔ ﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ
Health, Safety & Environmental Dept.
ﻗﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ )ﺍﻟﺗﺻﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ( •
ﻓﻰ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﻳﻡ )ﺍﻟﺭﺃﺳﻰ( ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ %۱۰۰
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ﻓﻰ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ ) ﺍﻟﺳﻠﺔ( ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ %۲۰۰
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ﻓﻰ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ )ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ( ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻗﺩﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ %۸٥
Prepared by Saleh Elseiri
1
HSE Department
•
ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ
ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻳﺣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺧﻁﺄ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ
ﻓﺣﺹ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻳﺗﻡ ﻓﺣﺹ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﻝ ﻳﻭﻡ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻹﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺗﻐﻳﺭ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺇﺳﺗﺑﻌﺎﺩﻫﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻠﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺻﺑﺢ ﻣﻌﻳﺑﺔ
ﺳﻼﺳﻝ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺯﺍﻳﺎ : •
ﺗﺄﺧﺩ ﺷﻛﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻝ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ.
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ﺍﻹﺧﺗﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﺛﻝ ﻟﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻭﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺧﻧﺔ.
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ﻛﻣﺎ ﺗﺗﻣﻳﺯ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺻﻼﺑﺔ.
ﺍﻟﻌﻳﻭﺏ : •
ﻗﺩ ﺗﻧﻛﺳﺭ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﺻﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻔﺎﺟﺄﺓ.
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ﻋﻧﺩ ﻛﺳﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺩﺓ ،ﻳﺅﺩﻯ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﺳﻘﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻝ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ ﺇﺗﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ﺑﺄﻛﻣﻠﻬﺎ.
Prepared by Saleh Elseiri
2
HSE Department
ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ
ﻭﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺛﺑﺕ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﻟﻭﺣﺔ ﻣﻌﺩﻧﻳﺔ ﺗﻭﺿﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻗﻝ ﺗﻘﺩﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﺗﻳﺔ :ﺍﻟﻁﻭﻝ ،ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻭﻟﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟ ُﻣﺻﻧﻌﺔ ،ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻔﺣﺹ ،ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺇﻧﺗﻬﺎء ﺍﻟﻔﺣﺹ
ﺗﺭﻗﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﺳﻼﺳﻝ : •
ﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻭﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺳﻼﺳﻝ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺭﻗﻣﻳﺔ ﺗﻭﺿﺢ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻧﻭﻉ ﻣﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻧﻌﺔ.
ﻓﺣﺹ ﺍﻟﺳﻼﺳﻝ : •
ﻓﺣﺹ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﻯ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﺩء ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ
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ﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﻷﺧﺫ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻹﻋﺗﺑﺎﺭ ﻋﻧﺩ ﻣﻼﺣﻅﺔ ﺃﻯ ﺇﺳﺗﻁﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ.
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ﻳﺟﺏ ﻗﻳﺎﺱ ﻗﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﺟﺯء ﺗﺎﻟﻑ ،ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺗﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﻗﻝ ﻗﻁﺭ ﻣﺳﻣﻭﺡ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻭﻝ ,ﻟﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺇﺧﺭﺍﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﺑﺳﺑﺏ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺣﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﻧﺑﻐﻰ ﻣﻥ ﻣﺣﻳﻁﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻰ ﺃﻡ ﻻ. ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺄﻗﺻﻰ ﻣﺩﻯ ﻟﻺﺳﺗﻁﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻣﻭﺡ ﺑﻬﺎ
ﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺄﻗﻝ ﻣﺣﻳﻁ ﻗﺩ ﺗﺻﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺣﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ Minimum Allowable Chain )Size (Inches
Prepared by Saleh Elseiri
Chain Size
Minimum Allowable Chain Size )(Inches
13/16
1
15/64
¼
29/32
1 1/8
19/64
3/8
1
¼1
25/64
½
3/32
1
1 3/8
31/64
5/8
3/16
1
½1
19/32
¾
13/32
1
¾1
45/64
7/8
)(inches
3
Chain Size )(inches
HSE Department
ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ
ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻠﺏ ﺗﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﻥ : ﺳﻠﻙ ،ﺟﺩﻟﺔ ،ﺳﻠﻙ ﻣﺻﻧﻭﻉ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻳﺭ...ﺇﻟﺦ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺻﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺏ ، ﻭﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺳﻠﻙ ﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺻﻑ ﻭﻳﻠﺗﻑ ﺣﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ ﻓﻳﻛﻭﻧﻭﺍ ﺟﺩﻟﺔ. ﻭﻧﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻻﺕ ﺣﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺻﻑ ﻟﻳﻛﻭﻧﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ.
• ﺇﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ •
ﻋﻧﺩ ﺇﺧﺗﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻳﺟﺏ ﻣﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻵﺗﻰ:
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ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ
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ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺛﻧﻰ ﺑﺩﻭﻥ ﻛﺳﺭ
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ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺣﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺷﻁ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺗﻛﺎﻙ
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ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺣﻣﻝ ﺳﻭء ﺍﻹﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ
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ﻳﺟﺏ ﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻹﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ.
ﻳﺟﺏ ﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﺍﻷﻏﻁﻳﺔ ﻣﺛﻝ ،ﺍﻟﺧﻳﺵ ،ﺍﻟﺧﺷﺏ ،ﻭﻛﺫﻟﻙ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻣﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻵﻣﻧﺔ ﻣﺛﻝ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﺋﺩﺓ.
Prepared by Saleh Elseiri
4
HSE Department
ﺍﻟﻔﺣﺹ:
ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ
•
ﻛﻝ ﻳﻭﻡ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻹﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ،ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻛﻝ ﻣﻠﺣﻘﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻳﺟﺏ ﻓﺣﺻﻬﺎ ﺑﻭﺍﺳﻁﺔ ﺷﺧﺹ ﻣﺅﻫﻝ ﻭﺫﻭ ﺧﺑﺭﺓ.
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ﻓﺣﺹ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻰ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺗﻐﻳﺭ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ .
ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻳﺑﺔ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺇﺧﺭﺍﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻝ
ﺻﻳﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻠﺏ : •
ﻳﺗﻡ ﺗﻧﻅﻳﻔﻬﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻟﻕ ،ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﻓﺭﺷﺎﻩ.
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ﻳﺗﻡ ﺭﺷﻬﺎ ﺑﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻁﻳﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻧﻧﻅﻳﻑ.
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ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺯﻳﺗﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺣﻣﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ.
ﻳﺟﺏ ﺇﺧﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻠﺏ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻵﺗﻳﺔ: •
ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺷﻳﺵ )ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻳﺋﺔ ﻋﺵ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺋﺭ( ،ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻁﻡ ،ﺍﻹﻟﺗﻭﺍء.
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ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻳﻁ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺭﺟﻰ ﻟﻠﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺻﻠﺏ ﺑﻧﺳﺑﺔ ۳/۱ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻳﻁ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻰ.
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ﻛﺳﺭ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺳﻠﻛﺎﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣﺩﻩ.
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ﻛﺳﺭ ٦ﺳﻠﻛﺎﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻳﻁ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺭﺟﻰ ﻟﻠﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻛﺎﻣﻝ.
Prepared by Saleh Elseiri
5
HSE Department
ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ
ﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ )ﻋﻳﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ( ﻣﻥ ﺍﻹﺣﺗﻛﺎﻙ
ﺍﻷﻗﻔﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛﻝ ﺣﺭﻑU •
ﻋﻧﺩ ﺇﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻗﻔﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛﻝ ﺣﺭﻑ Uﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻛﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺑﻁ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺍﻣﻳﻝ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺇﺗﺟﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﻭﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺑﻁ ﻧﺎﺣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺣﻰ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺻﻠﺏ ،ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺣﺭﻑ Uﻧﺎﺣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺕ
Prepared by Saleh Elseiri
6
HSE Department
ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ
ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺄﻗﻔﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺭﺑﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛﻝ ﺣﺭﻑ : U
ﺳﻣﻙ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺻﻠﺏ ،ﻛﻣﺎ ﺗﺣﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻳﻧﻬﺎ. ﺑﻣﻌﻧﻰ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻛﻠﺑﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﺔ ،ﺣﺳﺏ ٌ
Prepared by Saleh Elseiri
7
HSE Department
ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ:
ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ
ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﺗﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ ،ﻭﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﺗﺻﻧﻊ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﻳﻠﻭﻥ ،ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻳﺳﺗﺭ، ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻣﺎﺵ.
ﺗﺷﺗﺭﻙ ﻛﻝ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋﺹ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻳﺔ:
ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ ﺳﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻝ ،ﻭﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺇﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩﻳﺔ
ﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﺩ ﻣﻥ ﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﺎﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻹﻳﺿﺎﺡ ﺍﻵﺗﻰ: • • • •
ﺍﻹﺳﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﺻﻧﻊ ﺣﻣﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻝ ﻧﻭﻉ ﻟﻠﺭﻓﻊ )ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺗﺻﺑﻳﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ( ﻧﻭﻋﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻧﻊ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻳﺟﺏ ﻓﺣﺻﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﺷﺧﺹ ﻣﺅﻫﻝ ﻭﺫﻭ ﺧﺑﺭﺓ ﻛﻝ ﻳﻭﻡ ﻭﻗﺑﻝ ﻛﻝ ﺇﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ,ﻹﺧﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻳﺑﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ.
ﻭﻳﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺷﺧﺹ ﺍﻟﻣﺅﻫﻝ ﺑﺈﺟﺭﺍء ﻓﺣﺹ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻰ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻯ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﺿﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻣﺣﺩﺩ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺑﻧﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ : • • • •
ﻣﻌﺩﻝ ﺗﻛﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﺧﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﻁﺑﻳﻌﺔ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺧﺑﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﻛﺗﺳﺑﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺳﻧﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﻣﻣﺎﺛﻠﺔ
ﻳﺟﺏ ﻋﻣﻝ ﻓﺣﺹ ﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﻟﻠﺑﺣﺙ ﻋﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ:
ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﻳﺭ ﻣﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ ﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺗﻬﺎ )ﻗﺩﺭﺗﻬﺎ ،ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻧﻊ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ .... ،ﺇﻟﺦ( ﺃﺣﻣﺎﺽ ﻛﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺭﻭﻕ ﺇﻧﺻﻬﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻔﺣﻡ ﺃﻯ ﺟﺯء ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﺛﻘﻭﺏ ،ﻗﻁﻊ ،ﻋﻳﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺧﻳﺎﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﻁﻭﻋﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺑﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻓﺭﺍﻁ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﺂﻛﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺃﻯ ﺟﺯء ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻠﻭﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﻬﺷﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺃﻯ ﺟﺯء ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﺂﻛﻝ ،ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻊ ،ﺍﻟﺧﺭﻕ ،ﻛﺳﺭ ،ﺻﺩﺃ ،ﺍﻟﻣﻠﺣﻘﺎﺕ )ﻋﻳﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩﻧﻳﺔ( ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﻛﺳﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻷﺧﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺳﺑﺏ ﺍﻟﺷﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺗﻣﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺣﺑﺎﻝ
ﻋﻧﺩ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺃﻯ ﺗﻠﻑ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻕ ﺫﻛﺭﻫﻡ ﺳﻭﺍء ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻠﺣﻘﺎﺗﻪ ,ﻳﺟﺏ ﺇﺧﺭﺍﺟﻪ ﻓﻭﺭﺍ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﻪ .
Prepared by Saleh Elseiri
8
HSE Department
ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ
ﻣﻠﺣﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ ) ﻋﻳﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩﻧﻳﺔ( •
ﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﺣﻘﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻝ ﺑﻧﻔﺱ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻭﻟﺔ.
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ﻻ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻁﺭﻭﻓﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﺗﺗﺳﺑﺏ ﻓﻰ ﻗﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ .
ﺗﺣﺫﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻸﺷﺧﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻳﻥ: •
ﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺃﺟﺯﺍء ﺍﻟﺟﺳﺩ ﺑﻌﻳﺩﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﻁﻕ ﻣﺎﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻣﻝ ،ﻭﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻧﺵ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﻙ .
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ﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﺩ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻭﺟﺩ ﺃﺣﺩ ﻳﻘﻑ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻣﺭ ﺗﺣﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻕ )ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻓﻭﻉ(.
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ﻣﻣﻧﻭﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺭﻛﻭﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻝ ,ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻝ ﻣﺻﻣﻡ ﻭﺃُﺧ ٌﺗﺑﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺑﻭﺍﺳﻁﺔ ﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻣﺗﺧﺻﺻﺔ.
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ﻻ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻧﺻﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻘﺔ.
ﺍﻟﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺋﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ : •
ﻳﺟﺏ ﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ ﺣﻳﺙ ﻟﻥ ﻳﺗﻌﺭﺿﻭﺍ ﻟﻸﺧﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﻛﺎﻧﻳﻛﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻛﻳﻣﻳﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺿﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻓﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺑﻧﻔﺳﺟﻳﺔ ،ﺃﻭ ﻟﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻳﺔ،
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ﻋﻧﺩ ﺗﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻳﺔ ،ﻳﺟﺏ ﺇﺗﺑﺎﻉ ﺗﻌﻠﻳﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻧﻊ
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ﻛﻣﺎ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﻟﺭﺟﻭﻉ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻧﻊ ﻟﻠﻔﺣﺹ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ ،ﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﻣﺱ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻣﺳﺗﻣﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻕ ﺑﻧﻔﺳﺟﻳﺔ .
Prepared by Saleh Elseiri
9
HSE Department
ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ
ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ
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ﻛﻠﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺇﻧﻔﺭﺍﺝ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ،ﻛﻠﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭﺍﺕ ،ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﺿﻌﻑ ﻗﺩﺭﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ.
ﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﺃﻣﺎﻥ ﺯﻭﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ •
ﻟﻛﻝ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﺃﻣﺎﻥ ،ﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﺧﺫﻩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻹﻋﺗﺑﺎﺭ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ ،ﻓﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ،ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﺍﻻﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﻬﺎ ،ﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺣﻣﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﻠﻭﺑﻪ ﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ.
Prepared by Saleh Elseiri
10
HSE Department
ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ
ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﺳﻬﻠﺔ ﻟﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺯﻭﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ •
ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻣﺎﺑﻳﻥ ﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻭﻙ ْ ,۹۰ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ ْ٤٥
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ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻳﺷﻛﻠﻭﻥ ﻣﺛﻠﺙ ﻣﺗﺳﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻷﺿﻼﻉ ،ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ ْ٦۰
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ﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﻳﻭﺿﺢ ﻛﻳﻑ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻐﻳﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻧﻔﺭﺍﺝ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ ﻟﻠﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ،ﻳﺅﺛﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﻭﺣﻣﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ، ﻓﻣﻊ ﺛﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻭﻟﺔ ۱۰۰۰ﺭﻁﻝ ،ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻧﺟﺩ ﺃﻧﻧﺎ ﻧﺣﺗﺎﺝ ﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻛﺑﺭ ﻓﻰ ﻗﺩﺭﺗﻬﺎ ،ﻛﻠﻣﺎ ﺇﻧﻔﺭﺟﺕ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ.
Prepared by Saleh Elseiri
11