كيف تستعمل البوصلة

‫‪Science Education Project ‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ ‬ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬

‫‪ ‬ﻛﻴﻒ‪ ‬ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ؟‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﻤﺎ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻌﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﺘﻮﺍﺟﺪ‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ‪ ‬ﻓﺒﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻚ ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﺸﻴﺮ ‪ ‬ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎً ‪ ‬ﻧﺤﻮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ‪ ٬ ‬ﻳﺎ‪ ‬ﻟﻪ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ‪ ‬ﻣﺪﻫﺶ‪ ‬ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻝ‪ ! ‬ﺗﺨﻴﻞ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻚ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ‪ ‬ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‪ ٬ ‬ﻭﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ‪ ‬ﻧﻈﺮﺕ ‪ ‬ﻓﻼ ‪ ‬ﺗﺠﺪ ‪ ‬ﺳﻮﻯ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺎء‪ ٬ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻮ ‪ ‬ﻏﺎﺋﻢ ‪ ‬ﻭﻻ ‪ ‬ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ ٬ ‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ‪ ‬ﺳﺘﺴﺘﺪﻝ ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ‬ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻫ‪ ‬ﻚ ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ ‪ ‬ﻟﻢ ‪ ‬ﻳﻜﻦ ‪ ‬ﻟﺪﻳﻚ ‪ ‬ﺑﻮﺻﻠﺔ؟ ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻗﺪﻳﻢ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ‪ ‬ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ‪ ‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﺔ ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼﻨ‪ ‬ﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪ ‬ﻭﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ٬ ‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ ‪ ‬ﻫﻲ ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ‪ ‬ﻣﻜﻨﺖ ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ‪ ‬ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺗﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻊ‪ ٬ ‬ﻭﻗﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ‪ ‬ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ‪ ‬ﻷﻧﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺳﻬﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ‪ ‬ﻭﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻫﻈﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪. ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻟﻜﻦ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺬ‪ ‬ﻱ‪ ‬ﻳﺠﻌﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﺸﻴﺮ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺗﺠﺎﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ؟ ‪ ‬ﻭﻟﻢ‪ ‬ﻫﻲ ‪ ‬ﻣﻔﻴﺪﺓ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻮﻝ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ؟ ‪ ‬ﺳﻨﺠﻴﺐ ‪ ‬ﻋﻦ ‪ ‬ﻫﺬﻩ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ‪ ‬ﻭﺳﻨﺒﻴﻦ ‪ ‬ﺃﻳﻀﺎً‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‪ ‬ﺻﻨﻊ‪ ‬ﺑﻮﺻﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‪. ‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺗﻌ‪ ‬ﺘﺒﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﺫﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺿﺤﺔ‪ ٬ ‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﺘﺄﻟﻒ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺻﻐﻴﺮ ‪ ‬ﻭﺧﻔﻴﻒ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ‪ ‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ‪ ‬ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ‪ ‬ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ‪ ‬ﻓﻮﻕ ‪ ‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ‪ ‬ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻳﺔ ‪ ‬ﻋﺪﻳﻤﺔ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ‪ ٬ ‬ﻭﻳُﺪﻋﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ‬ﺏ‪ " ‬ﺍﻹﺑﺮﺓ‪ " ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭ ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ ‬ﺃﺣﺪ ‪ ‬ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺎ‪ ‬ﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﺤ‪ ‬ﺮﻑ ‪ ) ‬ﺵ‪ ( ‬ﺃﻱ‪ ‬ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﺃﻭ‪ ‬ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ‪ ‬ﻣ‪ ‬ﻠ‪ ‬ﻮﻧﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻠﻮﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﻤﻴﺰ‪ ‬ﻳﺪﻝ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺗﺄﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬

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‫‪Science Education Project ‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ ‬ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬

‫‪ ‬ﻧﺤﻮ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ‪ ٬ ‬ﻫﺬﻩ ‪ ‬ﻫﻲ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ ‪ ‬ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ‪ ‬ﻣﺒﺴﻂ‪ . ‬ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ‪ ‬ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ ‪ ‬ﻣﺜﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‪ ٬ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮء‪ ‬ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ‪ ‬ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﺎً‪ ‬ﻋﻤﻼﻗﺎً‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺟﻮﻑ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪٬ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻭﺃﻥ ‪ ‬ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ‪ ‬ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ‪ ‬ﻧﺤﻮ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ‪ ) ‬ﻛﻤﺎ ‪ ‬ﻫﻮ ‪ ‬ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‪ ٬ ( ‬ﺇﻥ ‪ ‬ﻧﻈﺮﺕ ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻟﻢ ‪ ‬ﺑﻬﺬﻩ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ‪ ‬ﻓﺴﺘﺠﺪ ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ‪ " ‬ﺗﺠﺎﺫﺏ ‪ ‬ﺃ‪ ‬ﻗﻄﺎﺏ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ‪ " ‬ﻳﺴﺒﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻲ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻤﻐ‪ ‬ﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﻕ‪ ‬ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻮﺏ‪ ٬ ‬ﻭﻧﻔﺲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﺊ‪ ‬ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‪. ‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻻ ‪ ‬ﻳﺪﻭﺭ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ‬ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﻱ ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ ‪ ‬ﺑﻞ ‪ ‬ﻳﻤﻴﻞ ‪ ‬ﻋﻨﻪ ‪ ‬ﻗﻠﻴﻼً‪٬ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ‪ ‬ﻫﺬﺍ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﻥ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ‪ ٬ ‬ﻭﺗﺸﻴﺮ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺍﺋﻂ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ‪ ‬ﺍﻹ‪ ‬ﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‪ ‬ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ) ‬ﺣﻴﺚ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ‪ ‬ﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍً‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪ ‬ﺗﺘﻮﺍﺟﺪ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪.( ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ‪ ‬ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ‪ ‬ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺎً‪ ‬ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎً‪ ٬ ‬ﻓﻔﻲ‪ ‬ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ‪ ‬ﻻ‪ ‬ﻳﺘ‪ ‬ﻌﺪﻯ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻗﻄﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺓ ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ ‪ 8000 ‬ﻣﻴﻞ‪ ٬ ‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ‬ﻓﺈﻥ ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻝ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ ‬ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ‪ ‬ﻟﻴﺆﺛﺮ ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‪ ٬ ‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ‪ ‬ﻫﻮ ‪ ‬ﺳﺒﺐ ‪ ‬ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ‪ ‬ﺧﻔﻴﻒ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ‪ ‬ﻭﺣﺎﻣﻞ‪ ‬ﻋﺪﻳﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ‪ ٬ ‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ‬ﻓﻠﻦ‪ ‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪ ‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‪ ‬ﻗﻮﺓ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻟﻤﺠﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ‪ ‬ﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻚ‪ ‬ﺇﺑﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‪.‬‬

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‫‪Science Education Project ‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ ‬ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬

‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ‪ " ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﻕ‪ " ‬ﻫﻮ‪ ‬ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‪ ‬ﺳﺒﺐ‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‪ ‬ﻣﺠﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ‪ ‬ﺃﺭﺿﻲ‪ ٬ ‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‪ ‬ﻟﻴﺲ‪ ‬ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻳﺤﺪﺙ‪ ‬ﻓﻌﻼً‪ ٬ ‬ﻓﻤﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪ ‬ﻳﺤﺪﺙ‪ ‬ﺇﺫﻥ؟‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻻ ‪ ‬ﺃﺣﺪ ‪ ‬ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻪ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ‪ ٬ ‬ﺇﻻ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ‪ ‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ‪ ‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ‪ ‬ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎً ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ‪ ٬ ‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ‪ ‬ﻧﺮﻯ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ‪ ‬ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ ٬ ‬ﻳﺴﻮﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﻧﻮﺍﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺔ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺋﺐ ‪ ) ‬ﺍﻷﺣﻤﺮ‪ ٬ ( ‬ﻭﺗﻌﻤﻞ ‪ ‬ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺓ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪﺓ ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ‬ﺑﻠﻮﺭﺓ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻭﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻪ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﺻﻠﺒﺔ‪ . ‬ﻳﺤﺪﺙ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﺑﻔﻌﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺓ‪ ‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ‬ﺁﺧﺮ ‪ ‬ﺃﻻ ‪ ‬ﻭﻫﻮ ‪ ‬ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ‪ ‬ﺣﻮﻝ ‪ ‬ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪ ٬ ‬ﻭﻛﻞ ‪ ‬ﻫﺬﺍ ‪ ‬ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺋﺐ ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻙ ‪ ‬ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ‪ ‬ﺩﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ‪ ٬ ‬ﻭﻳُﻌﺘﻘﺪ ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ‪ ‬ﻫﺬﻩ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ ‪ ‬ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺋﺐ‪ ‬ﺗﺴﺒﺐ‪ ‬ﻗﻮﻯ‪ ‬ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ‪ ‬ﺣﻮﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻮﺭ‪. ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻭﺗﺒﻴﻦ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ‪ ‬ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‪ ‬ﺿﻌﻒ‪ ‬ﻣﺠﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ‪ ‬ﻓﺈﻥ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‪ ‬ﺳﻮﻯ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎﺷﻒ‪ ‬ﻣﺠﺎﻻﺕ‪ ‬ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃ‪ ‬ﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ‪ ٬ ‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‪ ‬ﻫﻮ‪ ‬ﺳﺒﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻟﻜﺸﻒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻮﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﻦ‪ ‬ﺗﻴﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﻳﻤﺮ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺳﻠﻚ‪.‬‬

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‫‪Science Education Project ‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ ‬ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬

‫‪ ‬ﻛﻴﻒ‪ ‬ﺗﺼﻨﻊ‪ ‬ﺑﻮﺻﻠﺘﻚ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ؟‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺇﻥ ‪ ‬ﻟﻢ ‪ ‬ﺗﻜﻦ ‪ ‬ﺗﻤﻠﻚ ‪ ‬ﺑﻮﺻﻠﺔ ‪ ‬ﻓﺒﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻚ ‪ ‬ﺻﻨﻊ ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ‪ ‬ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ‪ ‬ﺩﺭﺝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺻﻨﻌﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻗﺒﻞ‪ ‬ﻣﺌﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻴﻦ‪ ٬ ‬ﻭﺳﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎء‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪: ‬‬ ‫‪ ­ ‬ﺇﺑﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﺃ‪ ‬ﻭ‪ ‬ﺃ‪ ‬ﻱ‪ ‬ﺷﺊ‪ ‬ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‪ ‬ﻳ‪ ‬ﺸﺒﻪ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻚ ‪ ‬ﻛ‪ ‬ﻤﺸﺒﻚ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻮﻯ ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ‪. ‬‬ ‫‪ ­ ‬ﺟﺴﻢ‪ ‬ﻃﺎﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻛﻔﻠﻴﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﺃﻭ‪ ‬ﻗﻄﻌﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺃﻭ‪ ‬ﻏﻄﺎء‪ ‬ﺯﺟﺎﺟﺔ‪. ‬‬ ‫‪ ­ ‬ﻃﺒﻖ‪ ‬ﺑﻘﻄﺮ‪ 30 ­ 23 ‬ﺳﻢ‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ‬ﻣﺎء‪ ‬ﺑﺎﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‪ 2.5 ‬ﺳﻢ‪. ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺃﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﺧﻄﻮﺓ‪ ‬ﻫﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺑﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ‪ ‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‪ ‬ﺑﻮﺿﻊ‪ ‬ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ ‪ ‬ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺣﺘﻰ‪ ‬ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ‪ ‬ﺑﻘﻮﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺠﺬﺏ‪ ) ‬ﺃﻧﻈﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪ ‬ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‪.( ‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺿﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻴ‪ ‬ﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺎء‪ ‬ﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺿﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺑﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﻓﻮﻗﻬﺎ‪. ‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺳﺘﺘﺠﻪ ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺑﺮﺓ ‪ ‬ﺑﺒﻂء ‪ ‬ﻧﺤﻮ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ‪ ‬ﻷﻥ ‪ ‬ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻮ ‪ ‬ﺃﺣﺪ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻹﺣﺪﺍﺙ‪ ‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﺪﻳﻤﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ‪ ٬ ‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪ ‬ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‪ ‬ﻗﺪ‪ ‬ﺣﺼﻠﺖ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺑﻮﺻﻠﺔ!‬

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‫‪Science Education Project ‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ ‬ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬

‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﺗﻄﺮﺃ ‪ ‬ﻋﺪﺓ ‪ ‬ﻣﺘﺎﻋﺐ ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺑﻮﺻﻠﺘﻚ ‪ ‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ‪ ‬ﺗُﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ ‪ ‬ﺃﻣﻜﻨﺔ ‪ ‬ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻟﺴﻔﻦ‪ ‬ﺃﻭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﺍﺕ ‪ ‬ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ‪ ‬ﻳﺠﺐ ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ‪ ‬ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎً ‪ ‬ﻟﺘﻌﻄﻲ ‪ ‬ﻗﺮﺍءﺓ‪ ‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‪٬ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‪ ‬ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻦ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻧﻴﺔ‪ ) ‬ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺮﺳﻜﻮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ( ‬ﺑﺪﻻً‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪. ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ‪ ‬ﻫﺬﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺗﺤﺎﻓﻆ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺗﺠﺎﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪ ‬ﺗﺸﻴﺮ‪ ‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩ‪ ‬ﺣﺘﻰ‪ ‬ﻭﻟﻮ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺳﻄﺢ‪ ‬ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ‪ ‬ﺃﻭ‪ ‬ﺩﻭﺍﺭ‪ ٬ ‬ﻓﻔﻲ‪ ‬ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺭﺣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﺃﻭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﺗﺸﻴﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻧﺤﻮ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ‪ ‬ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ‪ ‬ﺑ‪ ‬ﻮﺻﻠﺔ ‪ ‬ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ ‪ ‬ﻛﻤﺼﺪﺭ‪ ٬ ‬ﻭﻳﻌﻤﻞ ‪ ‬ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ‪ ‬ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺮﺳ‪ ‬ﻜﻮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺇﺑﻘﺎﺋﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‪ ‬ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‪ ٬ ‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪ ‬ﻳﺒﻘﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻫﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ‪ ‬ﻭﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ ‪ ‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ‬ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ‪ ‬ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ‪ ‬ﻭﺑﺪﻗﺔ ‪ ‬ﺣﺘﻰ ‪ ‬ﻟﻮﻛﺎ‪ ‬ﻧﺖ ‪ ‬ﻣ‪ ‬ﻮ‪ ‬ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺳﻔﻴﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺳﻂ‪ ‬ﺑﺤﺮ‪ ‬ﻫﺎﺋﺞ‪ ‬ﺃﻭ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﻣﺘﻦ ‪ ‬ﻃﺎﺋﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﺗﻤﺮ‪ ‬ﺑﻤﻄﺒﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﻫﻮﺍﺋﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ ٬ ‬ﻭﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻓﺤﺼﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‪ ‬ﺩﻭﺭﻱ‪ ‬ﺑﻮﺍﺳ‪ ‬ﻄﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ‪ ‬ﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ‬ﺃﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺃﺧﻄﺎء‪ ‬ﺗﻄﺮﺃ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

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