Hi-Line Farm & Ranch Nov. 2014

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YOU’RE YOU’REREADING READINGHI-LINE HI-LINEFARM FARM&&RANCH RANCH––THE THEAG AGMONTHLY MONTHLYFOR FORNORTHEAST NORTHEAST&&NORTH NORTHCENTRAL CENTRALMONTANA MONTANA

Ranch Dogs Man’s Man’s Best Best Friend Friend Can Be A A Good Good Coworker Coworker / Page 2

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MONA DOEBLER / FOR HI-LINE FARM & RANCH MONA DOEBLER / FOR HI-LINE FARM & RANCH

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Canadian Elvin Kopp – pictured above, below and on the cover – is known around the world for his skills in training ranch dogs. He'l provide a clinic at the KD Arena Canadian Elvin Kopp – pictured above, below and on the cover – is known around the world for his skills in training ranch dogs. He'l provide a clinic at the KD Arena on the Dix ranch near Glasgow just before Thanksgiving. on the Dix ranch near Glasgow just before Thanksgiving.

M MAN’S AN’SBBEST ESTFFRIEND RIENDAAGGOOD OODCCOWORKER OWORKER

Canadian CanadianRanch RanchDog DogTrainer TrainerVisiting VisitingToToShare ShareThe TheKnowledge Knowledge

BY BONNIE DAVIDSON “Lots of people were all up for different dog trainers who might “Lots of people were all up for different dog trainers who might BY BONNIE DAVIDSON THE GLASGOW COURIER it,� Kirkland said. be up for a trip to the Hi-Line for it,� Kirkland said. be up for a trip to the Hi-Line for THE GLASGOW COURIER hose who’ve grown up She explained that they had a a clinic. She sent out a few emails, hose who’ve grown up She explained that they had a a clinic. She sent out a few emails, on ranches probably have few dogs out at her ranch, but the and one dog handler from Canada on ranches probably have few dogs out at her ranch, but the and one dog handler from Canada fond memories of their dogs were lost in tragic accident seemed to be a good prospect. fond memories of their dogs were lost in tragic accident seemed to be a good prospect. favorite canine. The differences in along the train tracks. More reShe explained that someone had favorite canine. The differences in along the train tracks. More reShe explained that someone had stories they might tell, compared cently she’s gotten a few puppies, told her about a clinic of his they stories they might tell, compared cently she’s gotten a few puppies, told her about a clinic of his they to your canine house pet, is how one seven months, the other four attended and said that he was to your canine house pet, is how one seven months, the other four attended and said that he was hard these dogs worked, crazy months, and she’s hoping to train amazing. Elvin Kopp of Canada hard these dogs worked, crazy months, and she’s hoping to train amazing. Elvin Kopp of Canada things they might have done while them into to good family dogs, lives on a ranch that seems to have things they might have done while them into to good family dogs, lives on a ranch that seems to have herding cattle and some risky as well as good working dogs. a name that suits someone with his herding cattle and some risky as well as good working dogs. a name that suits someone with his chances they took to get the job Kirkland said that she has wanted talent for training dogs on a ranch, chances they took to get the job Kirkland said that she has wanted talent for training dogs on a ranch, done. to go to a clinic for years, but getThat’ll Do Ranch. Perhaps the done. to go to a clinic for years, but getThat’ll Do Ranch. Perhaps the Working dogs on the ranch ting out of town is difficult with name is reminiscent of the movie Working dogs on the ranch ting out of town is difficult with name is reminiscent of the movie are taught in several different ranch life. She said bringing the ‘Babe.’ are taught in several different ranch life. She said bringing the ‘Babe.’ techniques, but along the Hi-Line clinic here and the interest of othThe Canadian is known across techniques, but along the Hi-Line clinic here and the interest of othThe Canadian is known across to get formal training you had ers wanting to do better with their the globe for his skills. He’s won to get formal training you had ers wanting to do better with their the globe for his skills. He’s won to travel far out of town for the dogs on the ranch was enough to the World Sheep Dog Championto travel far out of town for the dogs on the ranch was enough to the World Sheep Dog Championexperience. It was something that pull her into organizing the clinic. ship five times. He’s won several experience. It was something that pull her into organizing the clinic. ship five times. He’s won several Amber Kirkland said was a com“These dogs are worth their other various awards for best Amber Kirkland said was a com“These dogs are worth their other various awards for best mon interest locally. A discussion weight in gold when they start sheep and livestock dog in various mon interest locally. A discussion weight in gold when they start sheep and livestock dog in various on Facebook got her to thinking working and helping,� Kirkland competitions. Kopp took his first on Facebook got her to thinking working and helping,� Kirkland competitions. Kopp took his first that maybe she could bring somesaid. “A good working dog can dog clinic in 1982, and he trained that maybe she could bring somesaid. “A good working dog can dog clinic in 1982, and he trained one local to hold a clinic. Several cover ground and be worth two from top dog handlers. He’s one local to hold a clinic. Several cover ground and be worth two from top dog handlers. He’s residents showed interest and she extra ranch hands.� known for working with border residents showed interest and she extra ranch hands.� known for working with border was surprised by the big response She started doing some internet collies. He also ranches, raising was surprised by the big response She started doing some internet collies. He also ranches, raising from local ranchers. research and looked at several CONTINUED ON PAGE 11 from local ranchers. research and looked at several CONTINUED ON PAGE 11

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YOU’RE READING HI-LINE FARM & RANCH – THE AGAG MONTHLY FOR NORTHEAST & NORTH CENTRAL MONTANA. YOU’RE READING HI-LINE FARM & RANCH – THE MONTHLY FOR NORTHEAST & NORTH CENTRAL MONTANA.

Politics matter not for these guys. They'll take a pardon wherever they can get one this time of year – be it from former Alaska Gov. Sarah Palin or President Politics matter not for these guys. They'll take a pardon wherever they can get one this time of year – be it from former Alaska Gov. Sarah Palin or President Obama. Hinsdale nature photographer Mona Doebler calls this photo “The Conference. â€? She explains that she and her husband “were a few miles north of 1st Ave. North Obama. Hinsdale nature photographer Mona Doebler calls this photo “The Conference. â€? She explains that she and her husband “were a few miles north of Glasgow, MT 59230 Hinsdale last spring when we came across a bunch of wild turkeys. They were displaying, getting in disagreements, stalking the hens, etc. I walked about Glasgow, MT 59230 Hinsdale last spring when we came across a bunch of wild turkeys. They were displaying, getting in disagreements, stalking the hens, etc. I walked about a half mile down a muddy road to get the shots, but ended up with quite a few that I liked. It was the first time I had ever seen them in the mating season. a half mile down a muddy road to get the shots, but ended up with quite a few that I liked. It was the first time I had ever seen them in the mating season. Elevator • 228-4422 / Fertilizer Plant • 228-2571 Pretty interesting. They sure could walk a lot faster than I could! They weren’t particularly alarmed, but managed to stay just ahead of me all the time." Elevator • 228-4422 / Fertilizer Plant • 228-2571 Pretty interesting. They sure could walk a lot faster than I could! They weren’t particularly alarmed, but managed to stay just ahead of me all the time."

Man’s Best Coworker Man’s Best Coworker CONTINUED FROM PAGE 2 CONTINUED FROM PAGE 2

Red Angus, and he uses his dog for his Red Angus, and he uses his dog for his operation of around 2,000 grazing cows. operation of around 2,000 grazing cows. Kopp responded to Kirkland’s reKopp responded to Kirkland’s request and said that if they could book quest and said that if they could book 13 people and their dogs in the clinic, it 13 people and their dogs in the clinic, it would be worth his trip to the Glasgow would be worth his trip to the Glasgow area. Without an advertisement, other area. Without an advertisement, other than a post to Facebook, those slots were than a post to Facebook, those slots were already booked. Other auditing, or sitalready booked. Other auditing, or sitting in on the class are welcome, but the ting in on the class are welcome, but the number able to observe is also limited. number able to observe is also limited. Kirkland said there was a waiting list for Kirkland said there was a waiting list for an audit. an audit. As the planning and arrangements As the planning and arrangements were made, Kirkland decided to host were made, Kirkland decided to host the clinic at the KD Arena, on the Dix’s the clinic at the KD Arena, on the Dix’s ranch just outside of Glasgow. It’ll take ranch just outside of Glasgow. It’ll take place right before Thanksgiving, from place right before Thanksgiving, from Nov. 21-23. Those signed up for the Nov. 21-23. Those signed up for the clinic had to give a deposit in advance clinic had to give a deposit in advance to help pay for Kopp’s travel from miles to help pay for Kopp’s travel from miles north of Calgary to the Hi-Line. It also north of Calgary to the Hi-Line. It also helps pay for his accommodations. helps pay for his accommodations. Kirkland, who’s a stay-at-home mom Kirkland, who’s a stay-at-home mom and rancher and has a busy life, but she and rancher and has a busy life, but she explained that this was something she is explained that this was something she is willing to put out a little extra effort and willing to put out a little extra effort and time into. time into. “It’s pretty broad training and all lev“It’s pretty broad training and all levels are welcome to the event. It won’t be els are welcome to the event. It won’t be

for dog trials, but this could maybe be a for dog trials, but this could maybe be a good place to start,� Kirkland said. good place to start,� Kirkland said. While only three out of the 13 signed While only three out of the 13 signed up for the clinic are in Glasgow, the rest up for the clinic are in Glasgow, the rest are from outlying communities. Kirkland are from outlying communities. Kirkland said that they set up a place for the dogs said that they set up a place for the dogs to stay during the weekend and that the to stay during the weekend and that the weekend will begin on Friday, where weekend will begin on Friday, where some introductions will be made and some introductions will be made and Kopp will feel out those in attendance. Kopp will feel out those in attendance. The clinic will continue on SaturThe clinic will continue on Saturday, and dogs will work with sheep to day, and dogs will work with sheep to start out. The sheep are gentler and help start out. The sheep are gentler and help discourage the younger dogs who are just discourage the younger dogs who are just starting out. Sunday, dogs who are ready starting out. Sunday, dogs who are ready will be able to work with livestock. will be able to work with livestock. Kirkland said that there’s a chance Kirkland said that there’s a chance they could bring him back. But a lot of they could bring him back. But a lot of that would depend on Kopp and her abilthat would depend on Kopp and her ability to find the time to organize the event ity to find the time to organize the event again. She said that maybe next year, or again. She said that maybe next year, or the following they would look into bringthe following they would look into bringing him back if he wanted to. ing him back if he wanted to. “If people are this excited and there’s “If people are this excited and there’s this much interest, there’s a possibility,� this much interest, there’s a possibility,� Kirkland said. Kirkland said. For more information and updates, For more information and updates, you can email Kirkland at amberhagen@ you can email Kirkland at amberhagen@ hotmail.com or call 406-230-0585. hotmail.com or call 406-230-0585.

Glasgow GlasgowStockyards, Stockyards,Inc. Inc. AREA âœŻâœŻ 2014 SERVING AREA 2014– –2015 2015 SERVING LIVESTOCK PRODUCERS LIVESTOCK PRODUCERS Winter FOR 69 YEARS! WinterSchedule Schedule FOR 69 YEARS! November – December 1946 - 2015 November – December 1946 - 2015 January January

Linda & Mark Nielsen, Linda & Mark Nielsen, Owners Owners Iva Murch, Manager Iva Murch, Manager 263-7529 263-7529 Dean Barnes, Yard Manager Dean Barnes, Yard Manager 263-1175 263-1175 Ed Hinton, Auctioneer Ed Hinton, Auctioneer 783-7285 783-7285

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Fall Soil Testing: The Later The Better

Late Fall, Spring Tests Improve Reliability Of Fertilization Recommendations Recommendations

SIERRA SIERRADAWN DAWN STONEBERG STONEBERG HOLT HOLT // FOR FOR HI-LINE HI-LINE FARM FARM && RANCH RANCH

Pictured Picturedisisaabutte butteresembling resemblingthe theone oneC.M. C.M.Russell Russellset setininthe thebackground backgroundof ofhis hispainting, painting,"Loops "Loopsand andSwift SwiftHorses Horsesare areSurer Surerthan thanLead." Lead." Inset: Inset: the the painting. painting.

110 years later

Russell RussellPainting PaintingMarks MarksAnniversary; Anniversary; Background Butte Looks Same, But Grassier BY BYSIERRA SIERRADAWN DAWNSTONEBERG STONEBERGHOLT HOLT FOR FORHI-LINE HI-LINEFARM FARM&&RANCH RANCH This Thisyear yearmarks marks the the 150th 150th anniveranniversary of artist C.M. Russell’s sary of artist C.M. Russell’s birth. birth.

ItIt also also marks marks the the 110th 110th anniversary anniversary of of the the 1904 1904 event event depicted depicted in in his his 1916 1916 bear bear roping roping painting painting titled titled “Loops “Loops and and Swift Swift Horses are Surer than Lead.” Horses are Surer than Lead.”

Experienced Experiencedcattle cattle workers, workers, sheepherders, sheepherders, farm farm equipment equipmentoperators operators and and general general ranch ranch hands hands seekseeking ingup uptoto99months months seasonal seasonal employment. employment. Housing Housing must mustbe beprovided, provided, camper camper acceptable. acceptable. Contact Contact diane@peakseasonlabor.com or 406-579-7529. diane@peakseasonlabor.com or 406-579-7529. R R

PEAK PEAK SEASON SEASON LL AA BB O O

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William William J. Nankeman, a local historian, rian, arranged arranged to have a commemorative boulder boulder monument monument placed in Saco in 1954. It has 1954. It has a plate listing the cowboys working working at at the spring roundup of the Square Square and and DHS outfits. These cowboys were were present present when the bear was actually roped. roped. Nankeman Nankeman traveled to the Anderson ranch ranch 50 50 miles miles south of Saco at that time time and and had had Timbercreek Bill Anderson take take him him to to the site of the actual event. Nankeman Nankeman had interviewed a friend or relative relative of of a cowboy participant who described described the location using the names of of local local drainages drainages and landmarks. At At that that time, a steel post was driven where where Nankeman Nankeman designated “The Place.” Place.” C.M. C.M. Russell, Russell, who liked his paintings to to have have realistic realistic settings, had visited the site site with with some some of the Circle C cowboys. A A butte butte resembling resembling the background butte in in the the painting painting is located about a mile south south of of the the actual roping. This This is is a present day picture of that butte. butte. You You can see that not much has changed changed –– except there is a lot more grass! grass!

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MSU NEWS NEWS SERVICE SERVICE MSU Guided by their their research, research, experts experts at at Guided by Montana State University have developed Montana State University have developed guidelines for soil soil sampling sampling to to help help growgrowguidelines for ers the maximum maximum benefit benefit out out of of their their ers get get the fertilizer. fertilizer. Soil sampling can can increase increase yield yield and/or and/or Soil sampling save fertilizer costs costs and and decrease decrease envienvisave on on fertilizer ronmental risks. The worth of soil testing ronmental risks. The worth of soil testing is by when when the the sample sample is is taken. taken. is influenced influenced by Soil as late late in in the the fall fall as as possible possible or or Soil testing testing as even in the spring improves the reliability even in the spring improves the reliability of recommendations. of fertilization fertilization recommendations. In soil sampling sampling is is often often In Montana, Montana, soil conducted from late summer to late fall conducted from late summer to late fall because of better better soil soil sampling sampling conditions conditions because of than winter or or spring, spring, and and because because it it than in in winter gives growers time to make fertilizer decigives growers time to make fertilizer decisions to application. application. sions prior prior to However, MSU fertilizer fertilizer rate rate guidelines guidelines However, MSU are on spring spring soil soil test test levels levels bebeare based based on cause levels are are more more indicative indicative of of cause spring spring levels growing season nutrients than fall nutrient growing season nutrients than fall nutrient levels. levels. Clain Jones, soil soil fertility fertility specialist specialist with with Clain Jones, MSU Extension and the Department of MSU Extension and the Department of Land and Environmental Environmental SciSciLand Resources Resources and ences, cautions that that if if soil soil nutrient nutrient levels levels ences, cautions are different between between fall fall and and are substantially substantially different spring, then fertilizer fertilizer would would be be either either over over spring, then

or under under applied. applied. or While phosphorus phosphorus and and potassium potassium levels levels While have not been found to change much behave not been found to change much between fall and spring, nitrogen in the form tween fall and spring, nitrogen in the form of nitrate nitrate can can change change dramatically. dramatically. of Over-application is is an an economic economic loss loss Over-application and excess nitrate may contaminate and excess nitrate may contaminate groundwater. Under-application Under-application of of nitrogen nitrogen groundwater. may cause sub-optimal yields and grain may cause sub-optimal yields and grain protein. protein. Based on on aa three-year three-year study study led led by by Based Jones, changes in nitrate levels from Jones, changes in nitrate levels from August to to April April can can be be large large and and highly highly August variable. Jones Jones found found nitrogen nitrogen fertilizer fertilizer variable. would be be over-applied over-applied by by an an average average of of would 18 pounds pounds of of nitrogen nitrogen per per acre acre ifif August August 18 samples were were used used to to make make spring spring nitrogen nitrogen samples recommendations. recommendations. “But, one one in in three three times, times, itit would would be be “But, under-applied, and and sometimes sometimes by by aa lot,” lot,” under-applied, said Jones. Jones. said The large large range range suggests suggests that that late late sumsumThe mer or or early early fall fall soil soil samples samples may may not not mer accurately determine determine spring spring fertilization fertilization accurately rates. rates. In short, short, high high nitrate nitrate levels levels on on shallow shallow In and/or coarse coarse soils soils can can be be lost lost over over winter, winter, and/or and using using fall fall test test results results would would result result and in under-fertilization. under-fertilization. In In contrast, contrast, nitrate nitrate in levels can can increase increase over over winter winter due due to to levels

Farm Bill Webinar Nov. 10 For Montana Ag Producers

Here’s Some Tech Talk To Get Connected To It

FOR THE COURIER Montana agricultural producers are invited to participate in an online webinar on Nov. 10 to learn about important new programs authorized by the Agricultural Act of 2014, also known as the 2014 Farm Bill. The webinar, hosted by USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA), USDA Risk Management Agency (RMA) and Montana State University (MSU), provides producers with an overview of FSA’s Agriculture Risk Coverage (ARC) and Price Loss Coverage (PLC) programs, as well as RMA’s Supplemental Coverage Option (SCO) Program. MSU will demonstrate ARC/ PLC online decision tools. To join the webinar from your computer, log onto: http://msuextensionconnect.org/farmbill/. Then, type in your name under the “Guest log in” and click “Enter Room.” The Webinar system will allow a maximum of 500 participants within the Webinar Room (an online meeting room) and 300 lines on the telephone bridge. If participants want to interact with the webinar presenters through a telephone bridge they can call into 1-888-238-7805, type in virtual room number 622240#. Participants who just want to listen to the webinar do not have to call into the telephone bridge.

Adobe Diagnostic Diagnostic Test Test Connect Connect To test Adobe connections go go to: to: http://msuextensionconnect. http://msuextensionconnect. connections org/common/help/en/support/meeting_test.htm. org/common/help/en/support/meeting_test.htm. diagnostic test test will will ensure ensure your your computer computer This diagnostic network connections connections are are properly properly conconand network figured to provide provide you you with with the the best best possible possible experience. webinar experience. webinar schedule schedule is: is: FSA FSAwill will present present The webinar on ARC-PLC ARC-PLC from from 10 10 a.m. a.m. to to 11:15 11:15 a.m., a.m., RMA RMA present on on SCO SCO from from 11:15 11:15 a.m. a.m. to to Noon Noon will present will present present on on the the producer producer decision decision and MSU will to 22 p.m. p.m. tool from 11 to printable Webinar Webinar access access flyer flyer isis available available A printable at: http://www.fsa.usda.gov/Internet/FSA_ http://www.fsa.usda.gov/Internet/FSA_ File/20141110_mtwebinar.pdf. File/20141110_mtwebinar.pdf. Webinar format format is is similar similar to to the the 28 28 joint joint The Webinar meetings hosted hosted by by USDA USDAand and MSU MSU that that began began and will will run run through through Nov. Nov. 12. 12. Oct. 15 and Persons with with disabilities disabilities who who require require accomaccomPersons modations to to participate participate should should contact contact Jennifer Jennifer Montana FSA FSAState State Civil Civil Rights Rights CoorCoorCole, Montana 406.587.6786 and/or and/or jennifer.cole@ jennifer.cole@ dinator, at 406.587.6786 mt.usda.gov or or Federal Federal Relay Relay Service Service at at 1-8001-800mt.usda.gov Please submit submit your your request request by by Close Close 877-8339. Please Business on on Nov. Nov. 6. 6. You You may may also also contact contact the the of Business County Executive Executive Director. Director. local FSA County details are are available available online online from from the the More details parties. involved parties.

decomposition of of plant plant residue, residue, especially especially decomposition in deep deep soils soils and and following following broadleaf broadleaf crops crops in such as as annual annual legumes legumes or or oil oil seeds. seeds. Such Such such fields would would be be over-fertilized over-fertilized ifif rates rates were were fields based on on fall fall soil soil samples. samples. based Jones suggests suggests sampling sampling in in late late fall fall Jones or later to best capture growing season or later to best capture growing season nitrogen availability. availability. IfIf fall fall fertilizing fertilizing isis nitrogen preferred, soil test as late as possible while while preferred, soil test as late as possible still allowing allowing time time for for test test results results before before still fertilizing. fertilizing. If the the autumn autumn nitrate nitrate levels levels are are very very If high (e.g., (e.g., greater greater than than about about 60 60 pounds pounds high nitrogen per per acre) acre) and and soil soil depth depth isis less less nitrogen than two feet, Jones strongly suggests than two feet, Jones strongly suggests aa second sampling sampling in in spring spring because because there there second is aa higher higher likelihood likelihood of of overwinter overwinter nitrate nitrate is losses. losses. Although itit may may seem seem wasteful wasteful to to soil soil Although sample twice, twice, laboratory laboratory soil soil analyses analyses sample often cost cost less less than than $40, $40, yet yet underunder- or or often over-applying by by just just 10 10 to to 15 15 pounds pounds over-applying of nitrogen nitrogen per per acre acre can can often often affect affect the the of bottom line line more more than than this this for for aa 160 160 acre acre bottom field. field. For more more information information on on soil soil testing, testing, For see the the new new “Soil “Soil Scoop” Scoop” on on Jones' Jones' website website see http://landresources.montana.edu/soilhttp://landresources.montana.edu/soilfertility/, or or contact contact Jones Jones at at 994-6076 994-6076 or or fertility/, clainj@montana.edu. clainj@montana.edu.

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Winter weather coming

Ag producers see good fall moisture; for the winter — who knows? Tim Leeds tleeds@havredailynews.com After an up-and-down, widely varied year for weather this year, ag producers may be looking for a good start to next year — depending on what the winter and spring bring in 2015. This year saw a cool spring and virtually no precipitation followed by, off and on, later rains — which delayed crop growth and the harvest and damaged yields and quality for some — and then ended with heavy rains in August that, again, delayed harvest further and damaged the quality for some producers. But those August rains gave good moisture content for fall-planted crops. What will come next is anyone’s guess. National Weather Service and The Weather Channel are predicting a warmer-than-average and dryer-than-average winter, while farmers almanacs are predicting the opposite. As always, north-central Montana farmers and ranchers will have to wait and see what the winter, spring and next summer bring to find what next year’s crops look like.

Crops, harvests delayed; quality, yield variable The up-and-down weather year in northcentral Montana delayed crop growth and harvests and damaged yields for some agricultural producers in the area. Then when heavy rains in August did bring moisture levels up it slowed harvests down even more, and caused problems in quality and some crop sprouting before harvest. Some area producers stopped harvesting damaged

Havre Daily News/File photo A combine harvests a field of wheat in August 2013 near Highway 87 north of Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation. After wild weather produced some decent yields — but hurt yields and quality for some — soil moisture was good for fall planting in north-central Montana, but winter might be a bit warmer and dryer than usual. crops to plant their fall crops, taking advantage of the moisture for next year's yield. While farmer’s almanacs are predicting cold, snowy weather this winter, National Weather Service and The Weather Channel are going the other way. Their forecasts, including a possible mild El Niño, predict warmer-than-normal temperatures the next few months in Montana, with Weather Service predicting average to below-average

precipitation with the state dryer to the west. That does not mean the forecast says there will be no cold or snowy days — just that, on average, temperatures will be higher and precipitation lower than normal. Meanwhile, except for the western portion of Montana, the U.S. Drought Monitor does not predict this region slipping back into drought, although the conditions on the West Coast and Idaho remain in serious

drought, with that expected to continue.

Year sees all kinds of weather

The crop year, calendar year and water

■ Continued to page 5

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A new — old — farmhouse brewery JENNIFER MILLER The Des Moines Register DES MOINES, Iowa (AP) — When you look through the glass into the actual brewery area of a brewpub or taproom, everything in there is all shiny stainless and whiteness and lab-like. That's because there's a real science to brewing, with ratios and formulas and a tightly controlled fermenting process. Yeast strains are carefully selected to produce a certain result. But two beer entrepreneurs are, more or less literally, throwing those precautionary methods to the wind, and planning to open a "farmhouse brewery." The short version of what Darren Vanden Berge, 34, and Kevin Hall, 36, want to do with their Black Hollow Brewing Co. is called wild fermentation. All the wild yeasts floating around in the air is what they want in their beers. Modern brewing usually is all about keeping that stuff out of the beer, The Des Moines Register reported. "The term 'farmhouse' is loosely based on French and Belgian brewing traditions," Hall said. "Beer was generally low-alcohol, brewed for the farm workers for hydration and sustenance. It's been evolving (to mean) a higher-alcohol beer, especially in America — that's what people want. But (farmhouse beers) have distinct Belgian characteristics." It's a back to the future sort of thing. When ale making began — as long as 7,000 years ago — brewers didn't have any way to select the strains of yeast they wanted. A beer's flavor "profile" wasn't chosen, it just

was. Black Hollow aims to harken back to that style, but with a little modern know-how thrown in to control the bacteria — "We prefer to say probiotics," Hall said — and the flavors they create. Still, the beers will have a more "funky" flavor than most beer drinkers are used to. Funky is a plus in beer parlance. To start with, Black Hollow will contract with other breweries to create the wort — the liquid extracted from the mashing process that contains sugars that will be fermented by the yeast. The wort then will be transported to Black Hollow where "the art" of the beer begins, Hall said. The beer will be fermented in stainless tanks, moved to oak barrels for aging and then go back into tanks for mixing before bottling. They plan to have three core products — a stout; a light ale comparable to a saison style; and a biere de garde, a French pale ale traditionally brewed in winter and spring to dodge summer's yeasty air. "Our beers are going to be a challenge to sell in the Iowa market," Hall said. "People are used to a 'clean' beer. These will be more sour." "We hope that we can get people to see and appreciate the complexity of these wildfermented beers," Vanden Berge said, "as opposed to just taking a sip and saying 'no thank you.' "We'd like to help the craft beer palate evolve and expand," he added. There are a handful of other wild-fermenting breweries around the country —

maybe two dozen-ish, Hall said. The closest one is in St. Louis. The guys hope to get Black Hollow up and running soon, with help from the Indiegogo fundraising site; the 40-day campaign kicked off Oct. 13 and they're aiming to raise $50,000 — a fraction of what they'll eventually need to go full bore. But the plan accommodates those financial limitations. "We just want enough to get going," Vanden Berge said. "To get a location and get some batches going. We're starting with

bottles, and when we secure more funding and start generating revenue, we'll start working on a taproom." They'd also like to keep it all as local as possible and one day to build a barn to house the operation and to grow some of the things they use. As Hall pointed out, "We'll be dealing with nature, and you can't really control that." And he's OK with that. "I'm not really a technical brewer anyway. I brew by feel," he added. "It's more about heart and soul."

Wyo. producers seek predator mgmt. ■ Continued from page 8 The state's predator managers agree. “The biggest impact in reducing loss numbers for cattle and sheep is not a blanket removal of every predator out there,” Drake said. “It’s really about targeting the problem predators that are removing livestock from the range.” Drake said the recent relisting of wolves will make the job of managing livestock in the area more difficult. On the Sommers Ranch, predation losses have increased from 2 percent of cattle

annually in the late '90s to more than 10 percent of cattle alongside the reintroduction of wolves today, Sommers said. For Sommers, losing cattle has become a fact of life. “We need to accept the fact that we’re going to lose some wolves and we’re going to lose some grizzlies,” he said. “We have accepted the fact that we’re going to lose some livestock, but we need to manage the situation on the range.”

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Wyoming livestock producers seeking balance in predator management By TREVOR GRAFF Star-Tribune staff writer, writer (AP) Albert Sommers and his fellow ra nchers of the Upper G re e n R i ve r Cattlemen’s Association ranch in one of the toughest ranges in the United States. The abundance of grass in the high-elevation valleys of their 140,000-acre grazing allotment comes with inherent competitors most ranchers outside the Cowboy State don’t compete with. In the corners of Teton, Fremont and Sublette counties, the grizzly bear and wolf run the range. Sommers, a Wyoming state legislator and president of the cattlemen’s association, turned 294 head of Angus and Hereford cows out on the group’s grazing allotment in the area this spring. More than 30 came back without a calf, the result of wolf kills in the area. The loss could cost him more than $36,000 in the current cattle market. The association has reported more than 70 confirmed livestock kills resulting from grizzly bear and wolf attacks this year. “It has become very difficult to manage livestock in the face of the amount of predators on that allotment,” he said. “This summer we had belly-deep grass, and we had to leave one whole drainage because we couldn’t hold cattle on it. They aren’t going to stay there. They don’t like dealing with predators.” According to the most recent livestock

loss statistics from the USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service, grizzly bears killed more than 400 cattle, and wolves more than 600 cattle in 2012. The numbers pale in comparison to the more than 2,300 cattle killed by coyotes, but experts say the problem is concentrated in the northwest corner of the state. Wyoming’s predator managers are working to balance the well-being of protected predator species and the viability of ranching in the state. Ranchers have grown more vocal in recent weeks after a federal district court in Washington, D.C., ruled to relist the wolf as an endangered species in Wyoming. Kent Drake, predator management coordinator at the Wyoming Department of Agriculture, said management strategies aren’t simple. “We don’t look at predator management as trying to eliminate predators,” he said. “It’s keeping their numbers low enough to make ranching viable economically.” Of the 41,000 cattle lost in the state in 2012, 4,500 were killed by predators. Ranchers who suffer losses at the hands of a federally protected species qualify for compensation from the state of Wyoming and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The compensation is saving many ranchers who live in the wolf’s range from significant losses. “The biggest adjustment is that the state of Wyoming has stepped up to compensate

us for losses resulting from grizzly bears and wolves,” Sommers said. “Without Wyoming stepping up, we wouldn’t be grazing.” But kills caused by trophy species, such as black bears or coyotes, are generally not compensated. To combat the loss of livestock in those situations, the Wyoming Animal Damage Management Board works with county predator management boards to distribute funds for management practices aimed at promoting healthier deer and pronghorn populations. Steve Paisley, Wyoming state beef extension specialist, lives on a ranch north of Wheatland. Although he isn’t facing the grizzly bear or wolf, he faces a significant

threat in the coyote population in the area. He said producer cooperation and communication with the local predator management board and the Wyoming Game and Fish Department are essential to proper management. “Producers don’t want to completely eliminate them, but when there is an overpopulation of a certain predator, they exhaust their natural food source,” he said. “At that point, they start causing trouble with livestock producers.” Finding the balance is the key to coexisting with the predators of Wyoming range lands, he said.

■ Continued to page 9

Winter weather coming ■ Continued from page 5 that day 10.31 inches. For the water year, it received .76 inches since Oct. 1, with the norm for the month .52 inches on that day. Statewide, although soil moisture was dropping, reports Oct. 28 still showed good levels of water. The National Agricultural Statistic Service report for Montana released Oct. 28 listed 21 percent of Montana with topsoil moisture short or very short, compared to 25 percent in 2013. For subsoil, 19 percent was listed as short or very short of moisture, compared to 28 percent in 2013 and 80 percent was listed as adequate or surplus moisture, compared to 76 percent in 2013.

The winter of 2014-15 And what the winter will bring is, again, anyone’s guess. North-central Montana saw a cold snap, with some snow falling and one frosty night, in early September, the region saw temperatures well-above normal in both highs and lows. With the norms dropping into the 50s for highs and below freezing for lows, northcentral Montana continued to see highs in the 70s and even 80s with lows mainly in the 40s. A cold snap hit the night of Oct. 27, with freezing lows and even some snow falling, but the forecast called for temperatures again in the 60s for highs and above freezing for lows — with the norms the lower 50s and upper 20s for highs and lows. The Old Farmers Almanac predicted colder temperatures and snow in this area as early as October, but already has been proven wrong. Farmers Almanac predicts a wide band of cold from the Continental Divide through the Great Lakes through the winter. “The coldest outbreak of the season will come during the final week of January into the beginning of February, when frigid arctic air drops temperatures across the Northern Plains to perhaps 40 below zero,” the Farmers Almanac forecaster, who goes by the pseudonym Caleb Weatherby, wrote

on its website. He also noted the Weather Service El Niño watch put in place in early October, saying that could change the weather patterns and what happens over the winter. But, Weatherby wrote, the staff members at The Farmers Almanac recommend people stock up on firewood, sweaters, and hot cocoa. “It certainly looks like another long winter of shivery and shovelry is on tap,” he wrote on the website.

El Niño coming? The Climate and Prediction Center of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, which also operates National Weather Service, reports that a weak El Niño has a 2-in-3 chance of developing November through January. An El Niño, in which weathers on the equatorial Pacific Ocean are warmer than normal, generally brings warmer, dryer weather to this part of the United States. That matches the forecast from the NOAA Climate and Prediction Center, which is mirrored by The Weather Channel winter forecast. NOAA gives a 40 percent chance for most of the state, including north-central Montana, to be above average in temperature for three months starting in November, while this region has a 30 percent to 40 percent chance to have below-normal precipitation. That is mirrored in December, with the entire state expected to be above-normal for temperatures although the prediction of dryness starts to move farther west, with much of the state in an equal chance for above- or below-normal precipitation. January’s prediction is almost identical for December, as is February’s and the forecast for March. By April, the forecast goes to predicting an equal chance across the state for aboveor below-normal temperatures and precipitation.

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Winter weather coming: Wet fall 2014 weather set up moisture levels for decent spring ■ Continued from page 4 year — the last measured from Oct. 1 to Sept. 30 — all saw a wide range of conditions, with an extremely wet fall last year followed by generally dry winter months leading to concerns north-central Montana could significantly lose soil moisture content and slip back toward drought conditions. The region had finally, in the past two years, recovered from a severe drought that started early in the last decade, draining soil moisture, crippling crops and leading to water restrictions. And in several of the last few years, the situation has reversed itself over the months, with parts of Montana going from concerns about drought to flood disasters declared from heavy rains, such as more than 13 inches — more than the normal total for the year — falling in the Bear Paw Mountains in a matter of days in 2013. Last year was nearly a record for the high amount of precipitation throughout this part of the Hi-Line and Golden Triangle. Between Jan. 1 and Dec. 31, 2013, the reporting station at the City-County Airport west of Havre recorded 19.16 inches, Chinook saw 19.55 inches of precipitation, Big Sandy recieved 16.77 inches, Chester saw 17.33 inches of precipitation, Kremlin, just missed setting a new record with 18.14 inches of precipitation in 2013, and the recording stations for Rudyard, which are 19 miles south of town and 21 miles north, 10.54 inches and 10.93 inches, respectively. The the weather in Montana, including on the Hi-Line, started seesawing early last winter. Temperatures swung from 46 below zero in Hill County the weekend of Dec. 6-7 back into the 50s in January, then back below zero, then back up, then back down. Snow would fall, then the temperaturs would shoot above freezing, then drop and bring more snow. By the start of February, officials said that enough had fallen that they estimated near normal stream flows this year, good news for irrigators including along the Milk River Valley. The USDA Natural Resources and Conservation Service issued a release Feb. 6 saying short storms the beginning and end of January — around the weeks of unseasonably warm temperatures — dropped abovenormal levels of snow. The snow also was hit and miss, with January seeing just more than the normal amount of snow for Havre, with 7.2 inches falling, while February was about its average of 5 inches — but by the end of February more than 30 inches had fallen. Then the precipitation again dropped off, with north-central and central Montana receiving three-quarters to two-and-a-quarter inches of precipitation less than the norm from May 11 through June 9, with a marked drop in the cumulative amount of moisture received in the region. By the end of April, Havre was .73 inches more than the normal value of 2.01 inches but by the end of May, Havre had received just more than half of the normal amount for the month, .97 inches. The norm is 1.74 inches. That brought the total for the calendar year to 3.69 inches, three-hundredths of an inch short of the norm.

By the second week in June, the precipitation had dropped even lower than the norm, although cooler temperatures — high temperatures across north-central Montana averaged 1 degree to 4 degrees lower than normal — mitigated the impact of the lower levels of precipitation. But while the cooler temperatures meant the soil moisture had not dropped as fast as it could, they also slowed crop growth.

A rainy June Then, just after the governor’s drought committee had warned of drought watches, another deluge hit. June 18, the Weather Service reporting station at the airport west of Havre recorded .61 inches of rain in the previous 24 hours and 1.52 inches in the previous week. That put the region as receiving more than the average amount for both the calendar year and the water year, by .39 inches and .99 inches, respectively. The amount of rain areas received was highly variable, with the heaviest in the recent storms near or over the Rockies. June 28, Zortman received a half-inch of precipitation in the previous 24 hours, while Little Bullwhacker Creek a short distance southeast of there received .7 inches and Fort Belknap Agency received .62 inches.

A reporting station on the north slope of Baldy Mountain in the Bear Paw Mountains recorded .5 inches while the Virgelle Ferry landing station recorded .35 inches. Hingham reported .6 inches and Chester reported .37 inches. But stations farther west recorded deluges in that 24-hour period, with Cut Bank receiving .92 inches, Browning 2.16 inches and Heart Butte 2.23 inches. In the Rockies, recording stations reported 2.91 inches to 4.48 inches of precipitation in that same time period.

Flood-causing deluges in August Rain continued to fall off and on in the next few months, until a several-day deluge in August set some new records, created new disasters for flooding including for Fort Belknap Indian Reservation and Blaine County, as well as areas farther east, and even further set back harvests and damaged some crops. It set some records. Chinook received 5.49 inches for August after the storm, tying its record set in 1974 for precipitation. Central Montana, which experienced flooding was hit hard by the rain, with Crystal Lake in Fergus County setting a new

state record for rain in August, 10.7 inches. In Blaine County, Harlem received 6.98 inches in three days. Little Bullwhacker Creek received 5.23 inches, while the Hogeland and Turner areas recorded rain between 2.09 inches and 2.97 inches. In Hill County, the three-day precipitation ranged from 2.05 inches southwest of Rudyard and 2.89 inches east of Kremlin, 3 . 1 2 i n c h e s s o u t h o f H av re a t Fo r t Assinniboine to 4.7 inches on Rocky Boy’s Indian Reservation, with 3.49 inches recorded at the reservation agency. Near Big Sandy in Chouteau County, 2.5 inches to 2.87 inches were reported over three days, while near Chester in Liberty County 2.11 inches were recorded. That put the area back to well-above the normal amount of precipitation for the year and the water year.

Water, water, water While the rain is not dropping quite as heavily in the months since August, northcentral Montana still is in a good position for the amount of precipitation it has received this year. Havre, on Oct. 28, had recorded at the station at the Havre City-County Airport 11.92 inches for the year, with the norm for

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Montana Water Supply and Moisture Status by County — October 2014 According to National Weather Service , crop year — April 1, 2014 – Sept. 28, 2014 — precipitation totals at valley elevations ranged from about 100 to 110 percent of normal for the southwest region; 75 to 100 percent for the western region; 130 to 150 percent for the northeastern region; 100 to 140 percent for the central region; 120 to 150 percent for the north-central region; 100 to 120 percent for the southcentral region, and 110 to 130 percent for the southeast region, with exceptions in all seven regions of the state. Flows in tributaries of the Yellowstone River Basin are rated as above to much above normal, the Missouri River basin, above to much above normal, and the

Clark Fork River Basin, normal to above normal according to the USGS as of Oct. 8: http://waterwatch.usgs.gov/new/index.php?id =ww_current. The Oct. 1 NRCS Surface Water Supply Index map rates only three of 54 Montana river basins as below its Near Average legend category: The Beaverhead River basin in the head waters of the Missouri River basin, and the North Fork of the Flathead River and Bitterroot River basins, both west of the Continental Divide and in the Clark Fork River basin, rated as slightly dry at this time: http://ftp. geoinfo.msl.m t.gov/Documents/Maps/ Collections/SurfaceWaterSupplyIndex/ SW SI_201410_map.pdf. According to the week ending Oct. 5, USDA NASS Crop Progress report, “Range and pasture conditions were better than the 5-year average , with 53 percent rated as good to excellent, compared with 32 percent respectively. “Producers continued moving livestock off of summer ranges after a wintery storm midweek. Cattle are being moved below the five-year average pace, with 40 percent moved. Range and pasture feed condition was rated as 53 percent good to excellent. Topsoil moisture rated adequate and surplus is 85 percent compared with the 5-year average of 50 percent. ”Subsoil moisture was rated 85 percent adequate and surplus compared with the 5-year average of 46 percent.”

Montana County Moisture Status - Climate Summary — Oct. 8, 2014

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Montana Water Supply and Moisture Status by County — October 2014 According to National Weather Service , crop year — April 1, 2014 – Sept. 28, 2014 — precipitation totals at valley elevations ranged from about 100 to 110 percent of normal for the southwest region; 75 to 100 percent for the western region; 130 to 150 percent for the northeastern region; 100 to 140 percent for the central region; 120 to 150 percent for the north-central region; 100 to 120 percent for the southcentral region, and 110 to 130 percent for the southeast region, with exceptions in all seven regions of the state. Flows in tributaries of the Yellowstone River Basin are rated as above to much above normal, the Missouri River basin, above to much above normal, and the

Clark Fork River Basin, normal to above normal according to the USGS as of Oct. 8: http://waterwatch.usgs.gov/new/index.php?id =ww_current. The Oct. 1 NRCS Surface Water Supply Index map rates only three of 54 Montana river basins as below its Near Average legend category: The Beaverhead River basin in the head waters of the Missouri River basin, and the North Fork of the Flathead River and Bitterroot River basins, both west of the Continental Divide and in the Clark Fork River basin, rated as slightly dry at this time: http://ftp. geoinfo.msl.m t.gov/Documents/Maps/ Collections/SurfaceWaterSupplyIndex/ SW SI_201410_map.pdf. According to the week ending Oct. 5, USDA NASS Crop Progress report, “Range and pasture conditions were better than the 5-year average , with 53 percent rated as good to excellent, compared with 32 percent respectively. “Producers continued moving livestock off of summer ranges after a wintery storm midweek. Cattle are being moved below the five-year average pace, with 40 percent moved. Range and pasture feed condition was rated as 53 percent good to excellent. Topsoil moisture rated adequate and surplus is 85 percent compared with the 5-year average of 50 percent. ”Subsoil moisture was rated 85 percent adequate and surplus compared with the 5-year average of 46 percent.”

Montana County Moisture Status - Climate Summary — Oct. 8, 2014

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Wyoming livestock producers seeking balance in predator management By TREVOR GRAFF Star-Tribune staff writer, writer (AP) Albert Sommers and his fellow ra nchers of the Upper G re e n R i ve r Cattlemen’s Association ranch in one of the toughest ranges in the United States. The abundance of grass in the high-elevation valleys of their 140,000-acre grazing allotment comes with inherent competitors most ranchers outside the Cowboy State don’t compete with. In the corners of Teton, Fremont and Sublette counties, the grizzly bear and wolf run the range. Sommers, a Wyoming state legislator and president of the cattlemen’s association, turned 294 head of Angus and Hereford cows out on the group’s grazing allotment in the area this spring. More than 30 came back without a calf, the result of wolf kills in the area. The loss could cost him more than $36,000 in the current cattle market. The association has reported more than 70 confirmed livestock kills resulting from grizzly bear and wolf attacks this year. “It has become very difficult to manage livestock in the face of the amount of predators on that allotment,” he said. “This summer we had belly-deep grass, and we had to leave one whole drainage because we couldn’t hold cattle on it. They aren’t going to stay there. They don’t like dealing with predators.” According to the most recent livestock

loss statistics from the USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service, grizzly bears killed more than 400 cattle, and wolves more than 600 cattle in 2012. The numbers pale in comparison to the more than 2,300 cattle killed by coyotes, but experts say the problem is concentrated in the northwest corner of the state. Wyoming’s predator managers are working to balance the well-being of protected predator species and the viability of ranching in the state. Ranchers have grown more vocal in recent weeks after a federal district court in Washington, D.C., ruled to relist the wolf as an endangered species in Wyoming. Kent Drake, predator management coordinator at the Wyoming Department of Agriculture, said management strategies aren’t simple. “We don’t look at predator management as trying to eliminate predators,” he said. “It’s keeping their numbers low enough to make ranching viable economically.” Of the 41,000 cattle lost in the state in 2012, 4,500 were killed by predators. Ranchers who suffer losses at the hands of a federally protected species qualify for compensation from the state of Wyoming and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The compensation is saving many ranchers who live in the wolf’s range from significant losses. “The biggest adjustment is that the state of Wyoming has stepped up to compensate

us for losses resulting from grizzly bears and wolves,” Sommers said. “Without Wyoming stepping up, we wouldn’t be grazing.” But kills caused by trophy species, such as black bears or coyotes, are generally not compensated. To combat the loss of livestock in those situations, the Wyoming Animal Damage Management Board works with county predator management boards to distribute funds for management practices aimed at promoting healthier deer and pronghorn populations. Steve Paisley, Wyoming state beef extension specialist, lives on a ranch north of Wheatland. Although he isn’t facing the grizzly bear or wolf, he faces a significant

threat in the coyote population in the area. He said producer cooperation and communication with the local predator management board and the Wyoming Game and Fish Department are essential to proper management. “Producers don’t want to completely eliminate them, but when there is an overpopulation of a certain predator, they exhaust their natural food source,” he said. “At that point, they start causing trouble with livestock producers.” Finding the balance is the key to coexisting with the predators of Wyoming range lands, he said.

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Winter weather coming ■ Continued from page 5 that day 10.31 inches. For the water year, it received .76 inches since Oct. 1, with the norm for the month .52 inches on that day. Statewide, although soil moisture was dropping, reports Oct. 28 still showed good levels of water. The National Agricultural Statistic Service report for Montana released Oct. 28 listed 21 percent of Montana with topsoil moisture short or very short, compared to 25 percent in 2013. For subsoil, 19 percent was listed as short or very short of moisture, compared to 28 percent in 2013 and 80 percent was listed as adequate or surplus moisture, compared to 76 percent in 2013.

The winter of 2014-15 And what the winter will bring is, again, anyone’s guess. North-central Montana saw a cold snap, with some snow falling and one frosty night, in early September, the region saw temperatures well-above normal in both highs and lows. With the norms dropping into the 50s for highs and below freezing for lows, northcentral Montana continued to see highs in the 70s and even 80s with lows mainly in the 40s. A cold snap hit the night of Oct. 27, with freezing lows and even some snow falling, but the forecast called for temperatures again in the 60s for highs and above freezing for lows — with the norms the lower 50s and upper 20s for highs and lows. The Old Farmers Almanac predicted colder temperatures and snow in this area as early as October, but already has been proven wrong. Farmers Almanac predicts a wide band of cold from the Continental Divide through the Great Lakes through the winter. “The coldest outbreak of the season will come during the final week of January into the beginning of February, when frigid arctic air drops temperatures across the Northern Plains to perhaps 40 below zero,” the Farmers Almanac forecaster, who goes by the pseudonym Caleb Weatherby, wrote

on its website. He also noted the Weather Service El Niño watch put in place in early October, saying that could change the weather patterns and what happens over the winter. But, Weatherby wrote, the staff members at The Farmers Almanac recommend people stock up on firewood, sweaters, and hot cocoa. “It certainly looks like another long winter of shivery and shovelry is on tap,” he wrote on the website.

El Niño coming? The Climate and Prediction Center of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, which also operates National Weather Service, reports that a weak El Niño has a 2-in-3 chance of developing November through January. An El Niño, in which weathers on the equatorial Pacific Ocean are warmer than normal, generally brings warmer, dryer weather to this part of the United States. That matches the forecast from the NOAA Climate and Prediction Center, which is mirrored by The Weather Channel winter forecast. NOAA gives a 40 percent chance for most of the state, including north-central Montana, to be above average in temperature for three months starting in November, while this region has a 30 percent to 40 percent chance to have below-normal precipitation. That is mirrored in December, with the entire state expected to be above-normal for temperatures although the prediction of dryness starts to move farther west, with much of the state in an equal chance for above- or below-normal precipitation. January’s prediction is almost identical for December, as is February’s and the forecast for March. By April, the forecast goes to predicting an equal chance across the state for aboveor below-normal temperatures and precipitation.

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Winter weather coming: Wet fall 2014 weather set up moisture levels for decent spring ■ Continued from page 4 year — the last measured from Oct. 1 to Sept. 30 — all saw a wide range of conditions, with an extremely wet fall last year followed by generally dry winter months leading to concerns north-central Montana could significantly lose soil moisture content and slip back toward drought conditions. The region had finally, in the past two years, recovered from a severe drought that started early in the last decade, draining soil moisture, crippling crops and leading to water restrictions. And in several of the last few years, the situation has reversed itself over the months, with parts of Montana going from concerns about drought to flood disasters declared from heavy rains, such as more than 13 inches — more than the normal total for the year — falling in the Bear Paw Mountains in a matter of days in 2013. Last year was nearly a record for the high amount of precipitation throughout this part of the Hi-Line and Golden Triangle. Between Jan. 1 and Dec. 31, 2013, the reporting station at the City-County Airport west of Havre recorded 19.16 inches, Chinook saw 19.55 inches of precipitation, Big Sandy recieved 16.77 inches, Chester saw 17.33 inches of precipitation, Kremlin, just missed setting a new record with 18.14 inches of precipitation in 2013, and the recording stations for Rudyard, which are 19 miles south of town and 21 miles north, 10.54 inches and 10.93 inches, respectively. The the weather in Montana, including on the Hi-Line, started seesawing early last winter. Temperatures swung from 46 below zero in Hill County the weekend of Dec. 6-7 back into the 50s in January, then back below zero, then back up, then back down. Snow would fall, then the temperaturs would shoot above freezing, then drop and bring more snow. By the start of February, officials said that enough had fallen that they estimated near normal stream flows this year, good news for irrigators including along the Milk River Valley. The USDA Natural Resources and Conservation Service issued a release Feb. 6 saying short storms the beginning and end of January — around the weeks of unseasonably warm temperatures — dropped abovenormal levels of snow. The snow also was hit and miss, with January seeing just more than the normal amount of snow for Havre, with 7.2 inches falling, while February was about its average of 5 inches — but by the end of February more than 30 inches had fallen. Then the precipitation again dropped off, with north-central and central Montana receiving three-quarters to two-and-a-quarter inches of precipitation less than the norm from May 11 through June 9, with a marked drop in the cumulative amount of moisture received in the region. By the end of April, Havre was .73 inches more than the normal value of 2.01 inches but by the end of May, Havre had received just more than half of the normal amount for the month, .97 inches. The norm is 1.74 inches. That brought the total for the calendar year to 3.69 inches, three-hundredths of an inch short of the norm.

By the second week in June, the precipitation had dropped even lower than the norm, although cooler temperatures — high temperatures across north-central Montana averaged 1 degree to 4 degrees lower than normal — mitigated the impact of the lower levels of precipitation. But while the cooler temperatures meant the soil moisture had not dropped as fast as it could, they also slowed crop growth.

A rainy June Then, just after the governor’s drought committee had warned of drought watches, another deluge hit. June 18, the Weather Service reporting station at the airport west of Havre recorded .61 inches of rain in the previous 24 hours and 1.52 inches in the previous week. That put the region as receiving more than the average amount for both the calendar year and the water year, by .39 inches and .99 inches, respectively. The amount of rain areas received was highly variable, with the heaviest in the recent storms near or over the Rockies. June 28, Zortman received a half-inch of precipitation in the previous 24 hours, while Little Bullwhacker Creek a short distance southeast of there received .7 inches and Fort Belknap Agency received .62 inches.

A reporting station on the north slope of Baldy Mountain in the Bear Paw Mountains recorded .5 inches while the Virgelle Ferry landing station recorded .35 inches. Hingham reported .6 inches and Chester reported .37 inches. But stations farther west recorded deluges in that 24-hour period, with Cut Bank receiving .92 inches, Browning 2.16 inches and Heart Butte 2.23 inches. In the Rockies, recording stations reported 2.91 inches to 4.48 inches of precipitation in that same time period.

Flood-causing deluges in August Rain continued to fall off and on in the next few months, until a several-day deluge in August set some new records, created new disasters for flooding including for Fort Belknap Indian Reservation and Blaine County, as well as areas farther east, and even further set back harvests and damaged some crops. It set some records. Chinook received 5.49 inches for August after the storm, tying its record set in 1974 for precipitation. Central Montana, which experienced flooding was hit hard by the rain, with Crystal Lake in Fergus County setting a new

state record for rain in August, 10.7 inches. In Blaine County, Harlem received 6.98 inches in three days. Little Bullwhacker Creek received 5.23 inches, while the Hogeland and Turner areas recorded rain between 2.09 inches and 2.97 inches. In Hill County, the three-day precipitation ranged from 2.05 inches southwest of Rudyard and 2.89 inches east of Kremlin, 3 . 1 2 i n c h e s s o u t h o f H av re a t Fo r t Assinniboine to 4.7 inches on Rocky Boy’s Indian Reservation, with 3.49 inches recorded at the reservation agency. Near Big Sandy in Chouteau County, 2.5 inches to 2.87 inches were reported over three days, while near Chester in Liberty County 2.11 inches were recorded. That put the area back to well-above the normal amount of precipitation for the year and the water year.

Water, water, water While the rain is not dropping quite as heavily in the months since August, northcentral Montana still is in a good position for the amount of precipitation it has received this year. Havre, on Oct. 28, had recorded at the station at the Havre City-County Airport 11.92 inches for the year, with the norm for

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Winter weather coming

Ag producers see good fall moisture; for the winter — who knows? Tim Leeds tleeds@havredailynews.com After an up-and-down, widely varied year for weather this year, ag producers may be looking for a good start to next year — depending on what the winter and spring bring in 2015. This year saw a cool spring and virtually no precipitation followed by, off and on, later rains — which delayed crop growth and the harvest and damaged yields and quality for some — and then ended with heavy rains in August that, again, delayed harvest further and damaged the quality for some producers. But those August rains gave good moisture content for fall-planted crops. What will come next is anyone’s guess. National Weather Service and The Weather Channel are predicting a warmer-than-average and dryer-than-average winter, while farmers almanacs are predicting the opposite. As always, north-central Montana farmers and ranchers will have to wait and see what the winter, spring and next summer bring to find what next year’s crops look like.

Crops, harvests delayed; quality, yield variable The up-and-down weather year in northcentral Montana delayed crop growth and harvests and damaged yields for some agricultural producers in the area. Then when heavy rains in August did bring moisture levels up it slowed harvests down even more, and caused problems in quality and some crop sprouting before harvest. Some area producers stopped harvesting damaged

Havre Daily News/File photo A combine harvests a field of wheat in August 2013 near Highway 87 north of Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation. After wild weather produced some decent yields — but hurt yields and quality for some — soil moisture was good for fall planting in north-central Montana, but winter might be a bit warmer and dryer than usual. crops to plant their fall crops, taking advantage of the moisture for next year's yield. While farmer’s almanacs are predicting cold, snowy weather this winter, National Weather Service and The Weather Channel are going the other way. Their forecasts, including a possible mild El Niño, predict warmer-than-normal temperatures the next few months in Montana, with Weather Service predicting average to below-average

precipitation with the state dryer to the west. That does not mean the forecast says there will be no cold or snowy days — just that, on average, temperatures will be higher and precipitation lower than normal. Meanwhile, except for the western portion of Montana, the U.S. Drought Monitor does not predict this region slipping back into drought, although the conditions on the West Coast and Idaho remain in serious

drought, with that expected to continue.

Year sees all kinds of weather

The crop year, calendar year and water

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A new — old — farmhouse brewery JENNIFER MILLER The Des Moines Register DES MOINES, Iowa (AP) — When you look through the glass into the actual brewery area of a brewpub or taproom, everything in there is all shiny stainless and whiteness and lab-like. That's because there's a real science to brewing, with ratios and formulas and a tightly controlled fermenting process. Yeast strains are carefully selected to produce a certain result. But two beer entrepreneurs are, more or less literally, throwing those precautionary methods to the wind, and planning to open a "farmhouse brewery." The short version of what Darren Vanden Berge, 34, and Kevin Hall, 36, want to do with their Black Hollow Brewing Co. is called wild fermentation. All the wild yeasts floating around in the air is what they want in their beers. Modern brewing usually is all about keeping that stuff out of the beer, The Des Moines Register reported. "The term 'farmhouse' is loosely based on French and Belgian brewing traditions," Hall said. "Beer was generally low-alcohol, brewed for the farm workers for hydration and sustenance. It's been evolving (to mean) a higher-alcohol beer, especially in America — that's what people want. But (farmhouse beers) have distinct Belgian characteristics." It's a back to the future sort of thing. When ale making began — as long as 7,000 years ago — brewers didn't have any way to select the strains of yeast they wanted. A beer's flavor "profile" wasn't chosen, it just

was. Black Hollow aims to harken back to that style, but with a little modern know-how thrown in to control the bacteria — "We prefer to say probiotics," Hall said — and the flavors they create. Still, the beers will have a more "funky" flavor than most beer drinkers are used to. Funky is a plus in beer parlance. To start with, Black Hollow will contract with other breweries to create the wort — the liquid extracted from the mashing process that contains sugars that will be fermented by the yeast. The wort then will be transported to Black Hollow where "the art" of the beer begins, Hall said. The beer will be fermented in stainless tanks, moved to oak barrels for aging and then go back into tanks for mixing before bottling. They plan to have three core products — a stout; a light ale comparable to a saison style; and a biere de garde, a French pale ale traditionally brewed in winter and spring to dodge summer's yeasty air. "Our beers are going to be a challenge to sell in the Iowa market," Hall said. "People are used to a 'clean' beer. These will be more sour." "We hope that we can get people to see and appreciate the complexity of these wildfermented beers," Vanden Berge said, "as opposed to just taking a sip and saying 'no thank you.' "We'd like to help the craft beer palate evolve and expand," he added. There are a handful of other wild-fermenting breweries around the country —

maybe two dozen-ish, Hall said. The closest one is in St. Louis. The guys hope to get Black Hollow up and running soon, with help from the Indiegogo fundraising site; the 40-day campaign kicked off Oct. 13 and they're aiming to raise $50,000 — a fraction of what they'll eventually need to go full bore. But the plan accommodates those financial limitations. "We just want enough to get going," Vanden Berge said. "To get a location and get some batches going. We're starting with

bottles, and when we secure more funding and start generating revenue, we'll start working on a taproom." They'd also like to keep it all as local as possible and one day to build a barn to house the operation and to grow some of the things they use. As Hall pointed out, "We'll be dealing with nature, and you can't really control that." And he's OK with that. "I'm not really a technical brewer anyway. I brew by feel," he added. "It's more about heart and soul."

Wyo. producers seek predator mgmt. ■ Continued from page 8 The state's predator managers agree. “The biggest impact in reducing loss numbers for cattle and sheep is not a blanket removal of every predator out there,” Drake said. “It’s really about targeting the problem predators that are removing livestock from the range.” Drake said the recent relisting of wolves will make the job of managing livestock in the area more difficult. On the Sommers Ranch, predation losses have increased from 2 percent of cattle

annually in the late '90s to more than 10 percent of cattle alongside the reintroduction of wolves today, Sommers said. For Sommers, losing cattle has become a fact of life. “We need to accept the fact that we’re going to lose some wolves and we’re going to lose some grizzlies,” he said. “We have accepted the fact that we’re going to lose some livestock, but we need to manage the situation on the range.”

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Fall Soil Testing: The Later The Better

Late Fall, Spring Tests Improve Reliability Of Fertilization Recommendations Recommendations

SIERRA SIERRADAWN DAWN STONEBERG STONEBERG HOLT HOLT // FOR FOR HI-LINE HI-LINE FARM FARM && RANCH RANCH

Pictured Picturedisisaabutte butteresembling resemblingthe theone oneC.M. C.M.Russell Russellset setininthe thebackground backgroundof ofhis hispainting, painting,"Loops "Loopsand andSwift SwiftHorses Horsesare areSurer Surerthan thanLead." Lead." Inset: Inset: the the painting. painting.

110 years later

Russell RussellPainting PaintingMarks MarksAnniversary; Anniversary; Background Butte Looks Same, But Grassier BY BYSIERRA SIERRADAWN DAWNSTONEBERG STONEBERGHOLT HOLT FOR FORHI-LINE HI-LINEFARM FARM&&RANCH RANCH This Thisyear yearmarks marks the the 150th 150th anniveranniversary of artist C.M. Russell’s sary of artist C.M. Russell’s birth. birth.

ItIt also also marks marks the the 110th 110th anniversary anniversary of of the the 1904 1904 event event depicted depicted in in his his 1916 1916 bear bear roping roping painting painting titled titled “Loops “Loops and and Swift Swift Horses are Surer than Lead.” Horses are Surer than Lead.”

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William William J. Nankeman, a local historian, rian, arranged arranged to have a commemorative boulder boulder monument monument placed in Saco in 1954. It has 1954. It has a plate listing the cowboys working working at at the spring roundup of the Square Square and and DHS outfits. These cowboys were were present present when the bear was actually roped. roped. Nankeman Nankeman traveled to the Anderson ranch ranch 50 50 miles miles south of Saco at that time time and and had had Timbercreek Bill Anderson take take him him to to the site of the actual event. Nankeman Nankeman had interviewed a friend or relative relative of of a cowboy participant who described described the location using the names of of local local drainages drainages and landmarks. At At that that time, a steel post was driven where where Nankeman Nankeman designated “The Place.” Place.” C.M. C.M. Russell, Russell, who liked his paintings to to have have realistic realistic settings, had visited the site site with with some some of the Circle C cowboys. A A butte butte resembling resembling the background butte in in the the painting painting is located about a mile south south of of the the actual roping. This This is is a present day picture of that butte. butte. You You can see that not much has changed changed –– except there is a lot more grass! grass!

YOU’RE YOU’REREADING READINGHI-LINE HI-LINEFARM FARM&&RANCH RANCH––THE THEAG AGMONTHLY MONTHLYFOR FORNORTHEAST NORTHEAST & NORTH CENTRAL MONTANA.

MSU NEWS NEWS SERVICE SERVICE MSU Guided by their their research, research, experts experts at at Guided by Montana State University have developed Montana State University have developed guidelines for soil soil sampling sampling to to help help growgrowguidelines for ers the maximum maximum benefit benefit out out of of their their ers get get the fertilizer. fertilizer. Soil sampling can can increase increase yield yield and/or and/or Soil sampling save fertilizer costs costs and and decrease decrease envienvisave on on fertilizer ronmental risks. The worth of soil testing ronmental risks. The worth of soil testing is by when when the the sample sample is is taken. taken. is influenced influenced by Soil as late late in in the the fall fall as as possible possible or or Soil testing testing as even in the spring improves the reliability even in the spring improves the reliability of recommendations. of fertilization fertilization recommendations. In soil sampling sampling is is often often In Montana, Montana, soil conducted from late summer to late fall conducted from late summer to late fall because of better better soil soil sampling sampling conditions conditions because of than winter or or spring, spring, and and because because it it than in in winter gives growers time to make fertilizer decigives growers time to make fertilizer decisions to application. application. sions prior prior to However, MSU fertilizer fertilizer rate rate guidelines guidelines However, MSU are on spring spring soil soil test test levels levels bebeare based based on cause levels are are more more indicative indicative of of cause spring spring levels growing season nutrients than fall nutrient growing season nutrients than fall nutrient levels. levels. Clain Jones, soil soil fertility fertility specialist specialist with with Clain Jones, MSU Extension and the Department of MSU Extension and the Department of Land and Environmental Environmental SciSciLand Resources Resources and ences, cautions that that if if soil soil nutrient nutrient levels levels ences, cautions are different between between fall fall and and are substantially substantially different spring, then fertilizer fertilizer would would be be either either over over spring, then

or under under applied. applied. or While phosphorus phosphorus and and potassium potassium levels levels While have not been found to change much behave not been found to change much between fall and spring, nitrogen in the form tween fall and spring, nitrogen in the form of nitrate nitrate can can change change dramatically. dramatically. of Over-application is is an an economic economic loss loss Over-application and excess nitrate may contaminate and excess nitrate may contaminate groundwater. Under-application Under-application of of nitrogen nitrogen groundwater. may cause sub-optimal yields and grain may cause sub-optimal yields and grain protein. protein. Based on on aa three-year three-year study study led led by by Based Jones, changes in nitrate levels from Jones, changes in nitrate levels from August to to April April can can be be large large and and highly highly August variable. Jones Jones found found nitrogen nitrogen fertilizer fertilizer variable. would be be over-applied over-applied by by an an average average of of would 18 pounds pounds of of nitrogen nitrogen per per acre acre ifif August August 18 samples were were used used to to make make spring spring nitrogen nitrogen samples recommendations. recommendations. “But, one one in in three three times, times, itit would would be be “But, under-applied, and and sometimes sometimes by by aa lot,” lot,” under-applied, said Jones. Jones. said The large large range range suggests suggests that that late late sumsumThe mer or or early early fall fall soil soil samples samples may may not not mer accurately determine determine spring spring fertilization fertilization accurately rates. rates. In short, short, high high nitrate nitrate levels levels on on shallow shallow In and/or coarse coarse soils soils can can be be lost lost over over winter, winter, and/or and using using fall fall test test results results would would result result and in under-fertilization. under-fertilization. In In contrast, contrast, nitrate nitrate in levels can can increase increase over over winter winter due due to to levels

Farm Bill Webinar Nov. 10 For Montana Ag Producers

Here’s Some Tech Talk To Get Connected To It

FOR THE COURIER Montana agricultural producers are invited to participate in an online webinar on Nov. 10 to learn about important new programs authorized by the Agricultural Act of 2014, also known as the 2014 Farm Bill. The webinar, hosted by USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA), USDA Risk Management Agency (RMA) and Montana State University (MSU), provides producers with an overview of FSA’s Agriculture Risk Coverage (ARC) and Price Loss Coverage (PLC) programs, as well as RMA’s Supplemental Coverage Option (SCO) Program. MSU will demonstrate ARC/ PLC online decision tools. To join the webinar from your computer, log onto: http://msuextensionconnect.org/farmbill/. Then, type in your name under the “Guest log in” and click “Enter Room.” The Webinar system will allow a maximum of 500 participants within the Webinar Room (an online meeting room) and 300 lines on the telephone bridge. If participants want to interact with the webinar presenters through a telephone bridge they can call into 1-888-238-7805, type in virtual room number 622240#. Participants who just want to listen to the webinar do not have to call into the telephone bridge.

Adobe Diagnostic Diagnostic Test Test Connect Connect To test Adobe connections go go to: to: http://msuextensionconnect. http://msuextensionconnect. connections org/common/help/en/support/meeting_test.htm. org/common/help/en/support/meeting_test.htm. diagnostic test test will will ensure ensure your your computer computer This diagnostic network connections connections are are properly properly conconand network figured to provide provide you you with with the the best best possible possible experience. webinar experience. webinar schedule schedule is: is: FSA FSAwill will present present The webinar on ARC-PLC ARC-PLC from from 10 10 a.m. a.m. to to 11:15 11:15 a.m., a.m., RMA RMA present on on SCO SCO from from 11:15 11:15 a.m. a.m. to to Noon Noon will present will present present on on the the producer producer decision decision and MSU will to 22 p.m. p.m. tool from 11 to printable Webinar Webinar access access flyer flyer isis available available A printable at: http://www.fsa.usda.gov/Internet/FSA_ http://www.fsa.usda.gov/Internet/FSA_ File/20141110_mtwebinar.pdf. File/20141110_mtwebinar.pdf. Webinar format format is is similar similar to to the the 28 28 joint joint The Webinar meetings hosted hosted by by USDA USDAand and MSU MSU that that began began and will will run run through through Nov. Nov. 12. 12. Oct. 15 and Persons with with disabilities disabilities who who require require accomaccomPersons modations to to participate participate should should contact contact Jennifer Jennifer Montana FSA FSAState State Civil Civil Rights Rights CoorCoorCole, Montana 406.587.6786 and/or and/or jennifer.cole@ jennifer.cole@ dinator, at 406.587.6786 mt.usda.gov or or Federal Federal Relay Relay Service Service at at 1-8001-800mt.usda.gov Please submit submit your your request request by by Close Close 877-8339. Please Business on on Nov. Nov. 6. 6. You You may may also also contact contact the the of Business County Executive Executive Director. Director. local FSA County details are are available available online online from from the the More details parties. involved parties.

decomposition of of plant plant residue, residue, especially especially decomposition in deep deep soils soils and and following following broadleaf broadleaf crops crops in such as as annual annual legumes legumes or or oil oil seeds. seeds. Such Such such fields would would be be over-fertilized over-fertilized ifif rates rates were were fields based on on fall fall soil soil samples. samples. based Jones suggests suggests sampling sampling in in late late fall fall Jones or later to best capture growing season or later to best capture growing season nitrogen availability. availability. IfIf fall fall fertilizing fertilizing isis nitrogen preferred, soil test as late as possible while while preferred, soil test as late as possible still allowing allowing time time for for test test results results before before still fertilizing. fertilizing. If the the autumn autumn nitrate nitrate levels levels are are very very If high (e.g., (e.g., greater greater than than about about 60 60 pounds pounds high nitrogen per per acre) acre) and and soil soil depth depth isis less less nitrogen than two feet, Jones strongly suggests than two feet, Jones strongly suggests aa second sampling sampling in in spring spring because because there there second is aa higher higher likelihood likelihood of of overwinter overwinter nitrate nitrate is losses. losses. Although itit may may seem seem wasteful wasteful to to soil soil Although sample twice, twice, laboratory laboratory soil soil analyses analyses sample often cost cost less less than than $40, $40, yet yet underunder- or or often over-applying by by just just 10 10 to to 15 15 pounds pounds over-applying of nitrogen nitrogen per per acre acre can can often often affect affect the the of bottom line line more more than than this this for for aa 160 160 acre acre bottom field. field. For more more information information on on soil soil testing, testing, For see the the new new “Soil “Soil Scoop” Scoop” on on Jones' Jones' website website see http://landresources.montana.edu/soilhttp://landresources.montana.edu/soilfertility/, or or contact contact Jones Jones at at 994-6076 994-6076 or or fertility/, clainj@montana.edu. clainj@montana.edu.

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Canadian Elvin Kopp – pictured above, below and on the cover – is known around the world for his skills in training ranch dogs. He'l provide a clinic at the KD Arena Canadian Elvin Kopp – pictured above, below and on the cover – is known around the world for his skills in training ranch dogs. He'l provide a clinic at the KD Arena on the Dix ranch near Glasgow just before Thanksgiving. on the Dix ranch near Glasgow just before Thanksgiving.

M MAN’S AN’SBBEST ESTFFRIEND RIENDAAGGOOD OODCCOWORKER OWORKER

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BY BONNIE DAVIDSON “Lots of people were all up for different dog trainers who might “Lots of people were all up for different dog trainers who might BY BONNIE DAVIDSON THE GLASGOW COURIER it,� Kirkland said. be up for a trip to the Hi-Line for it,� Kirkland said. be up for a trip to the Hi-Line for THE GLASGOW COURIER hose who’ve grown up She explained that they had a a clinic. She sent out a few emails, hose who’ve grown up She explained that they had a a clinic. She sent out a few emails, on ranches probably have few dogs out at her ranch, but the and one dog handler from Canada on ranches probably have few dogs out at her ranch, but the and one dog handler from Canada fond memories of their dogs were lost in tragic accident seemed to be a good prospect. fond memories of their dogs were lost in tragic accident seemed to be a good prospect. favorite canine. The differences in along the train tracks. More reShe explained that someone had favorite canine. The differences in along the train tracks. More reShe explained that someone had stories they might tell, compared cently she’s gotten a few puppies, told her about a clinic of his they stories they might tell, compared cently she’s gotten a few puppies, told her about a clinic of his they to your canine house pet, is how one seven months, the other four attended and said that he was to your canine house pet, is how one seven months, the other four attended and said that he was hard these dogs worked, crazy months, and she’s hoping to train amazing. Elvin Kopp of Canada hard these dogs worked, crazy months, and she’s hoping to train amazing. Elvin Kopp of Canada things they might have done while them into to good family dogs, lives on a ranch that seems to have things they might have done while them into to good family dogs, lives on a ranch that seems to have herding cattle and some risky as well as good working dogs. a name that suits someone with his herding cattle and some risky as well as good working dogs. a name that suits someone with his chances they took to get the job Kirkland said that she has wanted talent for training dogs on a ranch, chances they took to get the job Kirkland said that she has wanted talent for training dogs on a ranch, done. to go to a clinic for years, but getThat’ll Do Ranch. Perhaps the done. to go to a clinic for years, but getThat’ll Do Ranch. Perhaps the Working dogs on the ranch ting out of town is difficult with name is reminiscent of the movie Working dogs on the ranch ting out of town is difficult with name is reminiscent of the movie are taught in several different ranch life. She said bringing the ‘Babe.’ are taught in several different ranch life. She said bringing the ‘Babe.’ techniques, but along the Hi-Line clinic here and the interest of othThe Canadian is known across techniques, but along the Hi-Line clinic here and the interest of othThe Canadian is known across to get formal training you had ers wanting to do better with their the globe for his skills. He’s won to get formal training you had ers wanting to do better with their the globe for his skills. He’s won to travel far out of town for the dogs on the ranch was enough to the World Sheep Dog Championto travel far out of town for the dogs on the ranch was enough to the World Sheep Dog Championexperience. It was something that pull her into organizing the clinic. ship five times. He’s won several experience. It was something that pull her into organizing the clinic. ship five times. He’s won several Amber Kirkland said was a com“These dogs are worth their other various awards for best Amber Kirkland said was a com“These dogs are worth their other various awards for best mon interest locally. A discussion weight in gold when they start sheep and livestock dog in various mon interest locally. A discussion weight in gold when they start sheep and livestock dog in various on Facebook got her to thinking working and helping,� Kirkland competitions. Kopp took his first on Facebook got her to thinking working and helping,� Kirkland competitions. Kopp took his first that maybe she could bring somesaid. “A good working dog can dog clinic in 1982, and he trained that maybe she could bring somesaid. “A good working dog can dog clinic in 1982, and he trained one local to hold a clinic. Several cover ground and be worth two from top dog handlers. He’s one local to hold a clinic. Several cover ground and be worth two from top dog handlers. He’s residents showed interest and she extra ranch hands.� known for working with border residents showed interest and she extra ranch hands.� known for working with border was surprised by the big response She started doing some internet collies. He also ranches, raising was surprised by the big response She started doing some internet collies. He also ranches, raising from local ranchers. research and looked at several CONTINUED ON PAGE 11 from local ranchers. research and looked at several CONTINUED ON PAGE 11

TT

YOU’RE READING HI-LINE FARM & RANCH – THE AGAG MONTHLY FOR NORTHEAST & NORTH CENTRAL MONTANA. YOU’RE READING HI-LINE FARM & RANCH – THE MONTHLY FOR NORTHEAST & NORTH CENTRAL MONTANA.

Politics matter not for these guys. They'll take a pardon wherever they can get one this time of year – be it from former Alaska Gov. Sarah Palin or President Politics matter not for these guys. They'll take a pardon wherever they can get one this time of year – be it from former Alaska Gov. Sarah Palin or President Obama. Hinsdale nature photographer Mona Doebler calls this photo “The Conference. â€? She explains that she and her husband “were a few miles north of 1st Ave. North Obama. Hinsdale nature photographer Mona Doebler calls this photo “The Conference. â€? She explains that she and her husband “were a few miles north of Glasgow, MT 59230 Hinsdale last spring when we came across a bunch of wild turkeys. They were displaying, getting in disagreements, stalking the hens, etc. I walked about Glasgow, MT 59230 Hinsdale last spring when we came across a bunch of wild turkeys. They were displaying, getting in disagreements, stalking the hens, etc. I walked about a half mile down a muddy road to get the shots, but ended up with quite a few that I liked. It was the first time I had ever seen them in the mating season. a half mile down a muddy road to get the shots, but ended up with quite a few that I liked. It was the first time I had ever seen them in the mating season. Elevator • 228-4422 / Fertilizer Plant • 228-2571 Pretty interesting. They sure could walk a lot faster than I could! They weren’t particularly alarmed, but managed to stay just ahead of me all the time." Elevator • 228-4422 / Fertilizer Plant • 228-2571 Pretty interesting. They sure could walk a lot faster than I could! They weren’t particularly alarmed, but managed to stay just ahead of me all the time."

Man’s Best Coworker Man’s Best Coworker CONTINUED FROM PAGE 2 CONTINUED FROM PAGE 2

Red Angus, and he uses his dog for his Red Angus, and he uses his dog for his operation of around 2,000 grazing cows. operation of around 2,000 grazing cows. Kopp responded to Kirkland’s reKopp responded to Kirkland’s request and said that if they could book quest and said that if they could book 13 people and their dogs in the clinic, it 13 people and their dogs in the clinic, it would be worth his trip to the Glasgow would be worth his trip to the Glasgow area. Without an advertisement, other area. Without an advertisement, other than a post to Facebook, those slots were than a post to Facebook, those slots were already booked. Other auditing, or sitalready booked. Other auditing, or sitting in on the class are welcome, but the ting in on the class are welcome, but the number able to observe is also limited. number able to observe is also limited. Kirkland said there was a waiting list for Kirkland said there was a waiting list for an audit. an audit. As the planning and arrangements As the planning and arrangements were made, Kirkland decided to host were made, Kirkland decided to host the clinic at the KD Arena, on the Dix’s the clinic at the KD Arena, on the Dix’s ranch just outside of Glasgow. It’ll take ranch just outside of Glasgow. It’ll take place right before Thanksgiving, from place right before Thanksgiving, from Nov. 21-23. Those signed up for the Nov. 21-23. Those signed up for the clinic had to give a deposit in advance clinic had to give a deposit in advance to help pay for Kopp’s travel from miles to help pay for Kopp’s travel from miles north of Calgary to the Hi-Line. It also north of Calgary to the Hi-Line. It also helps pay for his accommodations. helps pay for his accommodations. Kirkland, who’s a stay-at-home mom Kirkland, who’s a stay-at-home mom and rancher and has a busy life, but she and rancher and has a busy life, but she explained that this was something she is explained that this was something she is willing to put out a little extra effort and willing to put out a little extra effort and time into. time into. “It’s pretty broad training and all lev“It’s pretty broad training and all levels are welcome to the event. It won’t be els are welcome to the event. It won’t be

for dog trials, but this could maybe be a for dog trials, but this could maybe be a good place to start,� Kirkland said. good place to start,� Kirkland said. While only three out of the 13 signed While only three out of the 13 signed up for the clinic are in Glasgow, the rest up for the clinic are in Glasgow, the rest are from outlying communities. Kirkland are from outlying communities. Kirkland said that they set up a place for the dogs said that they set up a place for the dogs to stay during the weekend and that the to stay during the weekend and that the weekend will begin on Friday, where weekend will begin on Friday, where some introductions will be made and some introductions will be made and Kopp will feel out those in attendance. Kopp will feel out those in attendance. The clinic will continue on SaturThe clinic will continue on Saturday, and dogs will work with sheep to day, and dogs will work with sheep to start out. The sheep are gentler and help start out. The sheep are gentler and help discourage the younger dogs who are just discourage the younger dogs who are just starting out. Sunday, dogs who are ready starting out. Sunday, dogs who are ready will be able to work with livestock. will be able to work with livestock. Kirkland said that there’s a chance Kirkland said that there’s a chance they could bring him back. But a lot of they could bring him back. But a lot of that would depend on Kopp and her abilthat would depend on Kopp and her ability to find the time to organize the event ity to find the time to organize the event again. She said that maybe next year, or again. She said that maybe next year, or the following they would look into bringthe following they would look into bringing him back if he wanted to. ing him back if he wanted to. “If people are this excited and there’s “If people are this excited and there’s this much interest, there’s a possibility,� this much interest, there’s a possibility,� Kirkland said. Kirkland said. For more information and updates, For more information and updates, you can email Kirkland at amberhagen@ you can email Kirkland at amberhagen@ hotmail.com or call 406-230-0585. hotmail.com or call 406-230-0585.

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