Hawaii Filipino Chronicle - May 7, 2022

MAY 7, 2022  HAWAII FILIPINO CHRONICLE  1

MAY 7, 2022

CANDID PERSPECTIVES

PERRYSCOPE

PERSONAL REFLECTIONS

Can That Anti-Marcos Spirit Be Revived

The Return of the “Sick Man of Asia”

Prayer for the May 2022 Election

HAWAII-FILIPINO NEWS

Hawaii Lawmakers to Raise Minimum Wage in October

2 HAWAII FILIPINO CHRONICLE  MAY 7, 2022

EDITORIAL

Thank You Moms, We Love You, Happy Mother’s Day

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bout three decades ago it might have still been relevant to discuss the changing roles of motherhood as women were already fully immersed in the jobs sector, but issues like childcare (still then primarily left to mothers) and domestic upkeeping like cooking and cleaning (also still left to mothers) were still in transition from traditional roles to the modern role of moms we see today.

But the modern mom of our time isn’t just the 1) career mom or the 2) stay-at-home mom or a 3) hybrid of the two. It could be all of them, or one of them at different times in a mother’s lifetime. It’s fluid and perfectly accepted in society. For better or worse, this is why the “changing roles” of motherhood isn’t as fitting to talk about today as more appropriately the “multiple” roles of what motherhood already is.

And childcare and home upkeeping – that once rested mostly on mothers even as they’ve worked and had their own careers -are shared endeavors. Most millennial dads and moms have this sense of fully equal responsibility in coparenting, especially for working moms.

Again, this is not to say “traditional” moms are outdated or frowned upon. The point is motherhood is so diverse and women will choose the role they feel fit at any given time. Now that is empowerment; and clearly something for the better.

The impact of this diversity in coparenting has yet to be fully understood and will be explored further by social scientists who will be looking at Generation Z (demographic of ages 6-24) to see how parenting today has had an influence on what they value, as well as their attitude and perspectives in life.

What do we know of Generation Z or Centennials and the possible influence motherhood has had on them?

First it should be acknowledged as baseline that our parents, both our mom and dad still remain the biggest influencer in a child’s life. That said, clearly there are other influences besides motherhood and fatherhood that shape a child or generation.

What do we know about Gen Z? According to Pew Research Center, this generation is more accepting and open-minded than any generation before it. For example, a majority of Gen Z supports social movements such as Black Lives Matter, transgender rights, and feminism. Besides equal co-parenting, this could also be strongly influenced by the fact that almost half of Gen Zs are minorities.

It’s also reasonable to deduce that Gen Z’s openness and diversity could be a result of the modern roles of parenting, of both motherhood and fatherhood having evolved into such diversity relative to the past.

As for negative aspects, we can perhaps make a correlation between overall less parenting to a further breaking down of communication between children and parents, as well as for children to be overly crutched to distractions. For example, Generation X (demographic ages 39-59), we see for a first time children who were raised with both parents working. Gen X is the latchkey generation, the term referring to when children got home from school, they were left on their own until their parents returned. They were the TV kids generation.

Today’s Gen Z kids take that latchkey practice beyond the few hours that Gen X were left alone before their parents got home.

According to Genguru.com, Gen Z on average spend around 11 hours per week on their mobile phone, more than any other generation to date.

Even more shocking, more than a quarter of Gen Z use their phones for more than 10 hours per day, while almost a third stay up past midnight each night on their mobile device.

Again, not all behaviors are a result of parenting or the lack (continue on page 3)

FROM THE PUBLISHER

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est-selling author Mitch Albom wrote “When you look at your mother, you are looking at the purest love you will ever know.” There’s little doubt that most of us feel that way about our mother. She’s that, and so much more.

And each year on Mother’s Day, we pull out all the stops to convey to her how special she is and how grateful we are for all that she’s done for us in our life.

For our cover story this issue, associate editor Edwin Quinabo takes a look at how some Filipino families celebrate Mother’s Day, from traditional in-person gatherings to virtual communication. But just because we are separated from our mothers – an increasingly common reality due to a desire (or often need) to chase down career opportunities wherever they might lead us – it doesn’t mean virtual time with our mothers has to be boring or limited to a 15-30 minutes greeting. Mother’s day virtual time could be fun, quality time. Find out some of the innovative ways people have come up with to spice up the face-to-face app experience, including watching a movie or old family videos together or enjoying a virtual picnic together at a beach or park, among other activities. Unfortunately for some of us being separated from our mother is permanent because our mother had passed away. But as a Filipino family shares in our cover story, Mother’s Day can still be very meaningful as the matriarch of the family could remain a part of the celebration. In fact, including our deceased mother on Mother’s Day observance is a Philippine tradition. Lighting a candle at church or visiting the grave site of a deceased mother is common in the Philippines as a way to show respect and give honor to the memory of the matriarch of the family. However your family will be celebrating, we’d like to wish all our mothers on Mother’s Day joy and great health.

Thank you for your love and guidance.

Also in this issue as the Philippine Presidential election draws nearer, we have three articles on the topic. HFC columnist Seneca Moraleda-Puguan contributes “Prayer for the May 2022 Elections.” HFC columnist Emil Guillermo contributes “Can That Anti-Marcos Spirit Be Revived?” He writes: “It will take emotion felt in the 1980’s to stave off the second coming of a Marcos presidency.” Surveys show Ferdinand Marcos, Jr. is leading the group of candidates with opposition leader Leni Robredo trailing second. He says while there are 190,000 eligible voters in the US, a relative fraction of the nearly 1.7 million overseas workers, “don’t think your voice doesn’t matter.”

Third, HFC contributor Carolyn Weygan-Hildebrand submits “On Democratically Ushering in a New Philippine President.”

HFC’s Rose Cruz Churma contributes a book review on “The Buddha, The Gold & The Myth— How Marcos Looted the Central Bank.” She writes about the fanciful ways the Marcoses explained their immense wealth – including the alleged Yamashita gold discovery – to quell a riotous nation accusing them of graft and corruption. While that may seem like ancient history in modern politics, such myths are still being circulated on social media in an attempt to clear Marcos Jr. of his family’s past.

Also be sure to read our other HFC columnists articles: Atty.

Emmanuel S. Tipon’s “Biden Admin Mask Mandate Held Void;” Elpidio R. Estioko’s “It’s Time to Visit Hawaii Again. May Day, Lei Day!” and Perry Diaz’s “The Return of the ‘Sick Man Of Asia.’” We also have the latest interesting news impacting our community.

Lastly to our readers in the Philippines, please remember to vote in the Philippines national election on May 9, 2022. It’s election year in the US as well. In the coming months we’ll be rolling out election-themed articles to help our community keep abreast on candidates, election procedures and deadlines. Look out for them. Until next issue, warmest Aloha and Mabuhay!

Publisher & Executive Editor Charlie Y. Sonido, M.D.

Publisher & Managing Editor

Chona A. Montesines-Sonido

Associate Editors

Edwin QuinaboDennis Galolo

Contributing Editor

Belinda Aquino, Ph.D.

Design

Junggoi Peralta

Photography Tim Llena

Administrative Assistant Lilia Capalad Shalimar Pagulayan

Editorial Assistant Jim Bea Sampaga

Columnists

Carlota Hufana Ader Elpidio R. Estioko Perry Diaz Emil Guillermo Melissa Martin, Ph.D. Seneca Moraleda-Puguan J.P. Orias Pacita Saludes Reuben S. Seguritan, Esq. Charlie Sonido, M.D. Emmanuel S. Tipon, Esq.

Contributing Writers

Clement Bautista Edna Bautista, Ed.D. Teresita Bernales, Ed.D. Sheryll Bonilla, Esq. Rose Churma Serafin Colmenares Jr., Ph.D. Linda Dela Cruz Carolyn Weygan-Hildebrand Amelia Jacang, M.D. Caroline Julian Raymond Ll. Liongson, Ph.D. Federico Magdalena, Ph.D. Matthew Mettias Maita Milallos Paul Melvin Palalay, M.D. Renelaine Bontol-Pfister Seneca Moraleda-Puguan Mark Lester Ranchez Jay Valdez, Psy.D. Glenn Wakai Amado Yoro

Philippine Correspondent: Greg Garcia

Neighbor Island Correspondents: Big Island (Hilo and Kona) Grace LarsonDitas Udani Kauai Millicent Wellington Maui Christine Sabado Big Island Distributors Grace LarsonDitas Udani Kauai Distributors Amylou Aguinaldo Nestor Aguinaldo Maui Distributors

Cecille PirosRey Piros Molokai Distributor Maria Watanabe Oahu Distributors Yoshimasa Kaneko Jonathan Pagulayan

Advertising / Marketing Director Chona A. Montesines-Sonido

Account Executives Carlota Hufana Ader JP Orias

MAY 7, 2022  HAWAII FILIPINO CHRONICLE  3

EDITORIAL

Bill 41 Could Alleviate Oahu’s Housing Shortage, But It Needs Reworking

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udos to Honolulu Mayor Rick Blangiardi for introducing to the Honolulu City Council and for recently signing Bill 41 on April 26 that establishes stricter regulations for shortterm rentals.

Bill 41 was met with strong opposition and even stronger support with both sides offering compelling arguments.

Both sides rallied hard. But ultimately, the Mayor and the Honolulu City Council (with the one exception of Council member Andria Tupola who voted against the bill) were right to pass it; and that during these times of austerity and financial hardship our leaders must take on controversial legislation such as Bill 41 to address urgent concerns.

Curtail illegal vacation rentals, stop residents from feeling overrun by tourists in their own neighborhoods What Bill 41 does is it increases the minimum amount of time a unit can be

rented without a permit from 30 to 90 days, and restricts new vacation rental permits to resort-zoned areas such as Waikīkī and Ko Olina.

The primary intent of the bill is to curtail the number of illegal vacation rentals in areas like Kailua and other residential communities that are not zoned for tourism, but have become increasingly popular for short-term vacation rentals.

Island residents have been complaining that Hawaii’s tourism market – with the proliferation of online vacation rental companies – has gone way beyond Waikiki and penetrated into Oahu neighborhoods, causing disputes among homeowners, excessive noise, tight-parking, and even verbal clashes between vacation renters and nearby residents.

Some residents have complained that vacation renters have this attitude of entitlement because they are paying for the rental, as if they were in Waikiki. But they’re not; they’re in our neighborhoods, and we’re the ones who need to get up for work early the next day while

they party, some supporters of Bill 41 explained. Some residents have also expressed concerns of safety.

Honolulu Mayor Rick Blangiardi said, “We live here, we work here, and we want to play here. And we don’t want to feel subordinated that we’ve wholesaled Hawaiʻi for the retail business where a bunch of people don’t even put money into local bank accounts.

“Anything and everything we can possibly do to direct our energies here to make the people who live here the priority — that’s what I’m going to be about,” Blangiardi said.

The legislation also imposes other new restrictions, fees and fines on short-term rentals; requires non-conforming rental units in residential neighborhoods to limit visitors to four adults; and requires an off-street parking spot for each room rented in residential areas.

Relieve some of the pressure of Oahu’s rental shortage problem Besides helping to alleviate some Oahu residents’ stress of being overrun by tourists, there

(Thank You....from page 2)

of it. Social mores and today’s heavy tech-society is evidently contributing factors to excessive phone use, not to mention phones have become so high powered that they could do much of what previous generations would spend time doing on their computers.

Thankful to our moms Still, the fundamentals of motherhood remains. Our mother carried us in her womb.

She nurtured us into adulthood. She was our first love, our first friend and our biggest advocate for most of our life.

She, along with our father, put the food on our table, clothes on our back and paid for our education, which formerly was the primary role of our father.

Our mother, mostly due to biology, is also still the more sensitive and understanding of parents, the one who we’d usually turn to for emotional support.

Our mother also is the parent with that maternal intuition that could sense when some-

thing is amiss, would probe and get what’s bothering us out into the open. In this light, our mothers also are the healers in our family, guiding us to find peace within ourselves and among other members of the family, sibling-to-sibling, father-to-son or daughter.

Our mother is selfless when it comes to her children. She is the real life superhero who will make sacrifices in order for us to be better prepared to lead a functional and successful life.

Be Creative, it’s time spent together is what moms want on Mother’s Day Given how special moms are, it makes perfect sense that we put more effort to making her special day really something she’d enjoy.

While treating our mothers to lunch or dinner at a restaurant is always a winner (Mother’s Day is the busiest day in the year for the restaurant industry), the real enjoyment there is the time spent to-

gether as a family. This holds true particularly when it comes to adult children who no longer live with their mothers.

Knowing this, there are endless activities that would bring mother’s joy on Mother’s Day. Planning an out-ofthe-box celebration shows that you’ve put time and effort to make her happy on her special day. That’s already a plus.

So something like an early morning picnic at her favorite beach with her favorite brunch menu items already prepared, and following that up with baking together (ingredients already bought) a cake or desert at her house (or yours) while chatting over coffee or tea could certainly be a treat for moms.

Whatever plans you are thinking of, the trick is to keep everything as a surprise and just coordinate with her the time she will be free. The anticipation itself already builds excitement.

To all our wonderful moms, thank you for all that you do.

Happy Mother’s Day!

is a larger benefit that has come about due to Bill 41’s passage.

And that is extending short term rentals to 90 days will help with the pressing housing-renters shortage on Oahu.

The 90 days minimum stay will make it more difficult to find short term vacation renters and will encourage property owners (mostly investors) to seek long-term leases with residents.

This ultimately adds to the supply of rental properties on Oahu, gets more residents into homes and helps Hawaii locals wanting to stay in Hawaii, to be able to remain on Oahu and not be pressured to leave with increased opportunities to find a place to rent during this housing crunch.

Basic economics also suggests that with more supply, this could also steady the ballooning cost of rent, and ultimately stabilize real estate prices as well.

“It’s really impacting our housing availability and housing pricing and rental prices,” said Larry Bartley, executive director of Save Oʻahu Neighborhoods, which supported Bill 41. “Those houses were built, those apartments were built for people to live in permanently or rent long-term.

They were never intended for vacation rentals.”

Bill has room for improvement While some opponents of Bill 41 have complained that it was rushed through, lawmakers were right to respond to the urgency of the current housing crunch by acting now versus waiting for more studies and data to be completed -- which would have been too late for too many residents hard-pressed to find long-term rentals.

That said, opponents point to areas that clearly could be reworked and revisited. For example, not all short term renters are vacationers. City Council member Carol Fukunaga’s worry that Bill 41 could take away the opportunity of month-to-month rentals for medical patients, traveling health care workers, students, military personnel and others who are lodging on Oahu for reasons other than vacation.

This is a legitimate concern and should be worked on in a future reworking of Bill 41.

Some other complaints over the classifying of resort areas and possibly expanding them minimally, and reassessing fees and requirements on legal longer-term rentals could also be reworked.

Another area which could warrant further exploration is exemptions to Bill 41. Those who meet certain income requirements and depend on those short term rental as primary income (for example (continue on page 13)

4 HAWAII FILIPINO CHRONICLE  MAY 7, 2022

COVER STORY

Celebrating Our Mothers, Giving Thanks on Mother’s Day

by Edwin Quinabo

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usan Martin, 61, Kapolei, surprisingly said one of her most memorable Mother’s Day happened when her mother was no longer alive.

The year immediately after Susan’s mother Rowena had passed away in 2013, the Martins came together for a potluck dinner at her brother’s house in Pearl City. The family were gathered in the backyard near the fire where her two brothers were barbecuing. It was a little after sunset, the last minutes before daylight would disappear. It was quiet. She said no one said anything, but at that moment, they all were thinking the same thing – how Mother’s Day felt different, and how they missed her dearly. It was all so raw because Rowena had passed away on April 19 that year, just weeks short of celebrating another Mother’s Day. “We were all feeling empty. Mother’s Day is the celebration to give gratitude to our mom. And what do you do when she is no longer here?” said Martin.

Perhaps like the sunset that by now had disappeared fully – it was like that of Rowena’s life. Their light of the family had faded away. It was as natural as nature’s clock from dawn to dusk. But still, it hurt.

In spontaneity, one by one, she and her siblings started talking about Mother’s Day this year is on Sunday, May 8. In the United States it is always held on the second Sunday of May. Mothers are celebrated on different days worldwide; 50 countries dedicate a special day to honor mothers. In the United States it became a holiday in 1914.

In the early days there was strong resistance to commercialization of Mother’s Day. Reflection and praying were typical ways Americans celebrated Mother’s Day. Before it became an official holiday, mothers in early US set aside a special day for mothers as a day of protest against war. Eventually this day became Mother’s Day. The origin is not a stretch

cherished memories they had with their mother. “My youngest brother talked about on the very first day of school, the first day of kindergarten, he remembers that morning he was afraid to leave the house. He was already dressed, had his bag. He said he needed a hug but just stood still. He said he remembers mom knelt down, said to him, ‘Be a good boy.

I’ll be here waiting for you.’” (His older brothers would accompany him to and from school on the school bus.)

Just as he was about to leave Rowena embraced him tightly. My brother said he never forgot that moment, all the details down to the tee. What gave him courage is knowing she would be there after he returned from school.

Martin said this is what we knew of our mom. “She was always there waiting for us to come home. Because moms are like our home [representation], the safest place we knew throughout our youth, throughout our teenage and even adult life.”

In the Philippines moms are often referred to as ilaw ng tahanan or light of the home.

“When it came to my turn, I shared how I remember my mom’s fondness for singing. She had a silky voice; and had won several song contests in her hometown in the Philippines. Her favorite song was Dahil Sa Iyo. She would

from what the very nature of motherhood is – that of a protector of her children and family.

Mother’s Day had a political origin and was also looked upon as one of the first movements of American feminism. Women then argued that American holidays were biased toward male achievements; and women activists initiated a massive letter campaign to newspapers and prominent politicians to have a special day officially adopted to honor motherhood.

The official Father’s Day was declared four years earlier in 1910.

The campaign for equal

recognition of parenthood that started by Anna Jarvis took six years before Mother’s Day became an official holiday in the US. Like mother like daughter Surveys show the two most influential people in a person’s life – from shaping lifestyle, religiosity, to values – are our mother and father.

Mother’s Day is about showing gratitude for what?

Nurturing. Guidance. Sacrifice.

And ultimately for having a significant role of influence for shaping who we are as adults.

For Dr. Edna Bautista, a retired communications professor and former Hawaii res-

Dr. Edna Bautista with mom, Elisa

sing it first in Tagalog, then in English.

She sounded like Philippine songstress Pilita Corrales.”

Martin said their conversation carried on into the night. But as it got darker, their hearts illuminated brighter with warmth story after story. “That was such a special Mother’s Day because at that moment we knew our mother’s presence would live on long until we are reunited. Like my brother’s story, I am blessed with courage each day to carry on through challenging times because I know, in heaven, she is watching over us and waiting for us as she did in life,” said Martin. “And what she would want as she told my brother many years ago, is for us to do good things for ourselves and others, until we are welcomed home into God’s kingdom.”

ident now living in Houston, TX, her mother Elisa played a pivotal role in her career choice and religion.

Elisa was a lifelong career educator, her daughter Edna says. “I was trying to be different from her. But she has demonstrated outstanding compassion, knowledge, leadership and organizational skills and won honors in her field.

Who would not want to be like her who is loved by her family, students and co-workers?

“She is not only my role model as a mom and teacher but also a great example of what her colleagues/peers aspire to be.”

Elisa’s influence as an educator also inspired her son

Dennis to pursue a career in education. “Both my kids, Edna and Dennis, have earned their doctoral degrees and became mass communications professors. I’m proud that they are successful in their careers and also stayed true to their Catholic faith,” says Elisa, an Ewa Beach resident.

She said, “My family was not rich, but we were blessed with everything we needed.

My husband and I had to sacrifice and work hard because it was important to us that they could go to college. So the greatest reward was raising my kids and seeing them succeed in life. (continue on page 5)

MAY 7, 2022  HAWAII FILIPINO CHRONICLE  5

COVER STORY (Celebrating....from page 4)

“It was also a challenge to teach children about their faith in a secular world. I’m happy my daughter and son are good, practicing Catholic-Christians and active in ministries.”

A 2015 study in the Official Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics found children whose parents expected them to go to college performed better on tests than parents with low expectations. The trend occurred among both wealthy and low-income families.

Further on parenting, Edna said, “My mother came to Hawaii when I was just a baby and raised me and my younger brother mostly on her own while our dad was on long deployments for the U.S. Navy.

“She sacrificed a lot and had to adapt to American culture because of us yet she also wanted her children not to forget our Filipino heritage.

Eventually, we became involved in local Filipino media.

My brother was a radio announcer at KNDI radio, and I still write for this newspaper.”

Simple and meaningful Mother’s Day The Bautistas celebrated a simple and “not-so-fancy” Mother’s Day when her children were young, according to Elisa. “When my kids were younger, we would start the day off with breakfast together.

My husband would cook. And then we would go to church together as a family.

“But when you are older and everyone is far away, this type of typical day is something you just cherish everyday— time and togetherness and not the material things, says Elisa.

Edna recalls of her childhood celebrations with her mom. “As children, we handcrafted cards and gifts for her Mother’s Day. She preferred the personalized time, efforts and thoughtfulness from our hearts, instead of anything generically store-bought. Now we want more precious time to spend together.”

Elisa agrees with Edna about spending precious time together. “I wish I could be together with my entire family.

But my children are far away and in different time zones.

Luckily with today’s technol-

ogy, it helps that we can do know your mother best.

6) Tell your mother FaceTime,” says Elisa. why you are thankful for her.

Moms already know why, but Virtual Mother’s Day fun FaceTime, Zoom, Mes- it warms the heart to hear it senger, WhatsApp, Skype and sometimes. Have fun with it. other chat apps have helped to Sing it to her on a karaoke maenliven Mother’s Day greet- chine. Or write it in the form ings and quality time spent of poetry. Don’t worry about while apart. Since the pandem- rhyme schemes and technical ic, people have come up with aspects of poetry. It could be innovative ways to spend time free verse. Anything goes.

Edna says, “I’m thankful with their moms on Mother’s to God that my mom is still Day virtually. alive, healthy and strong—she Some ideas: 1) Watch her favorite turned 80 earlier this year!” movie together. Relive the old Edna said she loves her mom days. Enjoy a mother-daughter for giving her a good family movie that you both watched foundation, faith, education, together and loved. Unlike at guidance and life! the theater, you can both comment on parts to keep the ex- Thankful for passing on perience exciting. If you both faith in God Like the Bautistas, Susan don’t have a movie, there is attributes her strong faith in God always old family videos. Set those VHS machines up ahead to her mother. “I’m thankful for of time if those tapes haven’t my mom exposing us to the Catholic faith and bringing us to been updated to DVD. 2) Spend the entire dinner church regularly. We all attendor lunch together. Why just chat ed Sunday school then would for 15 minutes when you could go to church immediately after. all have a family meal together. That was our routine through This might take some coordi- our childhood and teens.

“What I’ve learned and nation with time zones. But this experience will be worth the practiced as a child, I’ve also effort and a Mother’s Day she passed this on to my own children. I see how they’ve relied will relish and never forget.

3) Have a picnic. Phones on their faith in God throughare not called mobile phones out their lives. I’m pleased to for no reason. The home isn’t see this as a mother; and happy the only place to have vir- that they are college educated tual fun. It’s springtime so and live independent lives. My the weather is nice all across daughter is an registered nurse the mainland and in Hawaii. and son part of administration Schedule a picnic outing at the at a hospital, said Martin.

Surveys confirm the beach or park. You both can take in the sun, relax and chat strong influence parents have and pass on in the area of reliover beautiful scenery.

4) Manicure. Daughters, gion and beliefs. In a Septemsend your mother a manicure ber 2020 survey conducted by kit and buy one for yourself. Pew Research Center, about So while you’re catching up half of teens ages 13 to 17 say on life chatting, you both have their parents have all the same something fun to do together. religious beliefs as they do. In 5) Open gifts together. the same survey, parents think One of the greatest satisfac- that their teen’s religious betions when giving a gift on liefs are similar to their own Mother’s Day is seeing her re- beliefs. About half (53%) of action opening it. Be creative parents who responded to the when choosing a gift. A good survey say their children have lead is to find out what her “all the same” religious beliefs latest hobby is then buy some- as they do. thing relating to or essential for that hobby. If your mom Philippine traditions on has taken up painting lately, Mother’s Day Susan said when her perhaps a canvas or two or art books would be something she mother was alive, the entire could enjoy. The examples family would gather for Mothare endless. Be creative. You er’s Day. It’s actually a Philip-

“As children, we handcrafted cards and gifts for her for Mother’s Day. She preferred the personalized time, efforts and thoughtfulness from our hearts, instead of anything generically store-bought. Now we want more precious time to spend together. I’m thankful to God that my mom is still alive, healthy and strong—she turned 80 earlier this year! I’m also thankful because my mom gave me a good family foundation, faith, education, guidance and life!”

— Dr. Edna Bautista pine tradition to have one large gathering for all moms -- the immediate family, aunties, relatives and sometimes neighbors -- to be honored.

Now that she’s gone, she and her siblings celebrate Mother’s Day separately with their own families, but on occasion, they will all get together to honor the memory of their deceased mother on Mother’s Day. Including deceased mothers as part of Mother’s Day celebration is actually another Philippine tradition. Lighting a candle at church or visiting the grave site of a deceased mother is common to show respect and gratitude for Filipinos.

The origin of this practice is distinctly Asian; most Asian

countries practice varying degrees of ancestor veneration.

Originally Mother’s Day in the Philippines was celebrated on December 8, on the day of the feast of the Immaculate Conception. In 1980, Mother’s day was moved to the second Sunday of May to coincide with the American date.

One explanation for the change was for it to coincide with the American observance to accommodate the large Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) in the US. From Hawaii to the Philippines and around the world, the universal theme most say of Mother’s day is to make our mothers feel special for the love they’ve given us and for the gift of life itself.

6 HAWAII FILIPINO CHRONICLE  MAY 7, 2022

CANDID PERSPECTIVES

Can That Anti-Marcos Spirit Be Revived?

By Emil Guillermo

W

e just have a few weeks to go, and things seem to be going to plan, if you’re rooting against democracy in the Philippines.

Me? I prefer the old-fashioned way. An engaged citizenry passionate about their country, and either for an inspirational leader or against a greedy dictator.

Forty years ago, that passion was present in the Philippines. It was that anti-Marcos spirit. I think I saw a glimpse of it in the video clips circulating recently. They showed about 300 people marching in Washington, D.C., thousands of miles away from where their hearts really were, the Philippines.

The participants, mostly dual-citizens, RP and US, are the embodiment of the devolving relationship, sometimes colonial, sometimes free, uniquely Filipino. And now they were all marching not just to protest but to drop off their presidential election ballots to the Philippine Embassy in the U.S.

If you’re an overseas dual citizen, the election is May 9th. Don’t forget to mail your ballots in on time. If you haven’t received your ballot yet, call the Philippine Embassy or your nearest consulate.

There are 190,000 eligible voters in the US, a relative fraction of the nearly 1.7 million overseas workers overall.

Don’t think your voice doesn’t matter. Remittances talk, and the RP knows remittances.

OFWs send back more than $30 billion last year. From the U.S. alone the amount is estimated at $13.2 billion.

That’s a “b” for Billion.

Not Bong-Bong.

If you send remittance money, you are an enabler of your family, sure, but also the Philippines. You might as well enable someone worthy of the presidency with your vote.

Most all of the marchers in D.C. were dressed in pink of some sort, the campaign colors of Vice President Leni Robredo, trying to rally those who still believe that Filipinos are deserving of democracy.

It made me wonder. Is that good old anti-Marcos feeling still alive? Can it make a comeback after all these years?

It will take that kind of emotion felt in the 1980’s to stave off the second coming of a Marcos presidency in the Philippines.

Back then Bong-Bong was just a kid in his 20s. Innocent enough. But old enough too to see the kind of reaction his family engendered. The anti-Marcos feeling was so strong during martial law you could feel it in the U.S. and easily get a thousand people to protest at San Francisco’s Union Square.

I was at one such protest as a reporter when Marcoses came to visit. There were Filipinos of all kinds, but also whites, unionists, other social justice fighters. They all knew what was at stake in the Philippines.

With Reagan and Bush propping up a thieving dictatorship, people throughout the U.S. were impacted by the Marcos years as well. They all knew Marcos was a bad man.

In 2022, that’s all a distant memory.

Either you’re too young.

Or you’re too old. Or too Filipino, willing to forget, or to just “not remember.”

You don’t need trolls or social media to give you disinformation. You’ve got that Filipino amnesia working for you, brought on by a reluctance to face some tough hard facts about the Marcos dictatorship.

But this rehabilitation of the Marcos family has been going on since 2016, when President Rodrigo Duterte won the Supreme Court’s blessing to go ahead with giving Daddy Dictator a hero’s burial in the national cemetery.

“I’m just being legalistic about it,” said Duterte to the media about Marcos at the time. “He was president, he was a soldier. That’s about it.”

Oh yeah, there are a few other choice words and adjectives Duterte could have used.

Corrupt dictator, philanderer, plunderer, I could go on.

The exiting Duterte has been spectacularly modest about his own political achievements, downplaying the thousands of extrajudicial killings attributed to his government.

Duterte is no small-time guy. He’s got stats.

The UN Human Rights Council in 2020 said since Duterte was elected to the presidency, more than 27,000 suspected drug peddlers have been killed in a mix of police operations and vigilante killings.

There have also been nearly 250 human rights defenders (unionists, lawyers, journalists and environmental rights defenders) killed.

Compare that with the depth of Marcos’ record. Amnesty International says Marcos imprisoned 70,000 people during martial law, tortured 34,000, and killed 3,240 Filipinos.

This perhaps is the reason VP Leni Robredo has little chance to win.

How many people has she killed? Jailed? Tortured? Then there’s the money the Marcoses plundered from the Philippines, an amount exceeding $10 billion.

No one comes close to the Marcoses. Even with billions partially recovered already, there is still $2.4 billion that remains in litigation, according to reports.

Will the government have the political courage to go after a villainous Marcos family re-

installed as leaders? Is it even wrong to see Bong-Bong and the Marcoses synonymously?

Of course not. It’s the Philippines, after all.

Junior is not separate from the father. The legacy is there.

Just because Duterte buried Daddy Marcos doesn’t absolve the heirs. Someone needs to be held accountable for all they did. They didn’t flee in 1986 to Hawaii for vacation.

But that makes the burial of Marcos in 2016 both literal and symbolic.

The body and its deeds, along with the accompanying cleansing of history. Almost makes the social media trolling and disinformation unnecessary. One political friend of mine called it “brainwashing.”

And then when considering the Filipino nature is it even necessary. The Filipino nature?

As one Filipino observer told me it’s the tendency of Filipinos to avoid difficult subjects, and simply to make nice.

It sets up an election where the smiling son of a dictator can stroll in, not debate any opponents, and run on the family’s infamous name.

Already some are talking how the return of the Marcoses will mean they’ll spend some of that ill-gotten wealth back in the Philippines. But does that excuse decades of political sins?

Another Filipino friend of mine feels there’s momentum for Robredo and senses a surge, a “tsunami” in the final weeks.

He believes that. I’ll believe it if I sense some of that anti-Marcos fervor I saw and felt in the 80s.

That was the power that toppled Marcos AND his family. It must be revived if a new Filipino pro-democracy movement wins on May 9.

Otherwise, make way for what 40 years ago may have seemed inconceivable. EMIL​ GUILLERMO​ is a veteran journalist and commentator. He was a member of the Honolulu Advertiser editorial board. Listen to him on Apple Podcasts. Twitter @ emilamok.

MAY 7, 2022  HAWAII FILIPINO CHRONICLE  7

WHAT’S UP, ATTORNEY?

Biden Admin Mask Mandate Held Void

By Atty. Emmanuel S. Tipon

W

hen it comes to writers attacking judges whose decisions they do not like, here’s what I have to say.

If the law is against you, pound on the facts. If the facts are against you, pound on the law. If the facts and the law are against you, pound on the judge.

On April 18, Judge Kathryn Kimball Mizelle, a US district judge in Florida, declared unlawful and vacated the “mask mandate” issued by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) of the Biden administration.

The regulation required wearing of a mask in airports, train stations, and other transportation hubs as well as on airplanes, buses, and most public conveyances in the United States.

The court reasoned that it exceeded the CDC’s authority and violated the procedures required for agency rulemaking under the Administrative Procedure Act. Health Freedom Defense Fund, Inc., et al. v. Biden, Case No. 8:21-cv01693 KKM AEP. U.S. Dist.

Ct., Middle Dist. of Florida, Tampa.

The penalty for violating the mask mandate is $500$1000 for the first offenders and $1000-$3000 for second offenders according to the Department of Homeland Security’s Transportation Security Administration.

The Mask Mandate was set to expire April 18, but CDC extended it to May 3 to allow more time to study the BA.2 omicron subvariant.

The judge’s decision effectively put that extension on hold.

Most people rejoiced at the decision, shouting “Free

at last.” TSA announced that it would no longer enforce the mask requirement.

Biden reportedly commented when asked what travelers should do: “That’s up to them.” White House Press Secretary said that “People are not legally bound to wear masks.”

But the Biden administration’s Justice Department reportedly filed an appeal.

Pro-Biden writers attacked the judge, saying among others that she was appointed by President Trump, was 33 years old and the youngest nominee of Trump. Other remarks border on defamation and I will not repeat them.

Background In December 2019, COVID-19 began spreading throughout the world. On January 21, 2021, a day after taking the oath of office, President Biden issued Executive Order 13998 reasoning that “mask wearing” can mitigate the risk of travelers spreading COVID-19, and directed executive officials to require masks on various forms of transportation and while in transit hubs.

On February 3, 2021, CDC published the Mask Mandate without allowing public participation through the APA’s notice and comment procedures.

The CDC found that COVID-19 spreads very easily between people in close contact through the transfer of “respiratory droplets” from one person to another.

The agency said masks prevent this spread by “blocking exhaled virus” and “reducing inhalation of these droplets.”

The regulation excluded children under the age of two years and persons with a disability that prevents them from being able to safely wear a mask; “personal, non-commercial use” of vehicles and commercial vehicles occupied by a single person; and situations where, for example, a person must wear an

oxygen mask; or is actively “eating, drinking, or taking medication”; or must remove the mask to verify his identity; or to catch his breath after “feeling winded”; or to communicate with someone who is hearing impaired.

Health Freedom Defense Fund, Ana Daza, and Sarah Pope filed a declaratory judgment suit declaring the Mask Mandate unlawful and to have it set aside under the APA. Daza and Pope routinely travel by airplane. Daza has anxiety that is aggravated by wearing masks and alleged that the government does not recognize her anxiety as a basis for an exemption from the mandate. Pope alleged that the constricted breathing from wearing a mask provokes or exacerbates her panic attacks.

Health Freedom Defense Fund is a non-profit organization that “opposes laws and regulations that force individuals to submit to the administration of medical products, procedures, and devices against their will.”

CDC Has Limited Authority T h e Court pointed out that because administrative agencies like CDC are creatures of statute they possess only the authority that Congress has provided.

In issuing the Mask Mandate, the CDC relied on Sec. 264(a) of the Public Health Services Act of 1944

which authorizes the CDC “to make and enforce such regulations as in his judgment are necessary to prevent the introduction, transmission, or spread of communicable diseases from foreign countries into the States.”

“For purposes of carrying out and enforcing such regulations, the [CDC] may provide for such inspection, fumigation, disinfection, sanitation, pest extermination, destruction of animals or articles found to be so infected or contaminated as to be sources of dangerous infection to human beings, and other measures, as in his judgment may be necessary.”

The Court indicated that the second sentence narrows the scope of the first. Thus if Section 264(a) authorizes the mask mandate, the power to do so must be found in one of the actions enumerated in the second sentence. “A re-

quirement that travelers wear a mask is not “inspection, fumigation, disinfection, sanitation, pest extermination,” The government argued that a Mask Mandate is a “sanitation” measure or an “other measure” akin to “sanitation”. Plaintiffs disagreed, arguing that a mask requirement is outside the scope of “sanitation.”

The statute does not define “sanitation.” The court looked at dictionaries in 1944.

They provide two senses of “sanitation.”

First, sanitation may refer to measures to clean something or that remove filth, such as trash collection, washing with soap, incineration, or plumbing. Second, sanitation may refer to measures that keep something clean.

The court noted that while the latter definition would appear to cover the Mask Man(continue on page 14)

8 HAWAII FILIPINO CHRONICLE  MAY 7, 2022

MAY 7, 2022  HAWAII FILIPINO CHRONICLE  9

NEWS FEATURE

On Democratically Ushering in a New Philippine President

By Carolyn Weygan-Hildebrand

T

he six-year term of Rodrigo Duterte as president of the Philippines is almost over.

Around 67.5 million Filipinos have registered to vote and democratically usher in a new president.

In Hawaii, the 2022 Philippine Presidential election opened on April 10 and will end on May 9 at 1:00 am. Over 8,450 Filipino or dual citizens are on the Commission on Elections list for Hawaii and American Samoa.

Voters here can cast their ballots by mail or in person.

There is only one drop-off location: the Philippine Consulate Honolulu on 2433 Pali Highway. For Filipino seafarers, the Consulate has set up mobile voting at Honolulu Piers 17 and 36.

The need for local vigilance and diligence in this election process was evident at the April 8 Halalan 2022 virtual town meeting of the Hawaii Philippine Business Economic Council (HPBEC).

At the virtual conference, Consul Grace Anne Bulos elaborated on the mechanics of overseas voting in Hawaii. She reminded voters to follow instructions for their ballots not to be invalidated.

Communication stood out as the foremost issue from the listeners, for official dissemination of information has been limited. Official updates are shared only via the government’s official website (https:// honolulupcg.dfa.gov.ph/) and Facebook page (https:// fb.com/PHinHonolulu).

“Disenfranchisement” is a shared concern of overseas Filipino voters worldwide, including in Hawaii. While voting started on April 10, many voters in major U.S. cities report not receiving their ballots. “The last few votes were mailed out this morning,” Bulos said last April 21.

Undeliverable election packets are an outstanding is-

sue. Consulate representatives explain that the election packets in their hands include those returned by the U.S. Postal Service and those of voters who listed the Consulate as a “care of” address.

The Consulate initially released the names of 554 voters who needed to claim their ballots from the Consulate. As of April 21, only 10 voters submitted the required documents to claim their ballots. As of this writing, the list of 554 grew to 615.

Those who received their packets in the 2016 and 2019 elections, and did not change addresses, will have no reason to think that they are on the list of 615. However, if they still have not received their ballots, they should contact the “Special Ballot Reception and Custody Group” at Honolulu. pcg@dfa.gov.ph.

One voter has done so early, but his case is unresolved.

His ballot was mailed to a pre2016 address, but no one at that address returned it to the U.S. post office. A new ballot cannot be issued to him. He is afraid that he will not be able to vote despite his effort to track down his ballot.

A dual citizen started voting in 2016, but she saw her name on the latest list. She did not have a reason to be on said list, for she has not changed her address. She cannot easily claim her ballot in person because she lives in Maui.

Both stories happened to be from the Kakampink movement supporting Vice President Leni Robredo for president. As of writing, stories from supporters of other candidates have yet to be collected.

Based on the latest Consulate advisory, those on the list could have their ballots mailed if they contacted the Consulate and completed the requirements by April 30.

Those unable to do so will need to claim their ballots in person at the Consulate, which is more convenient only for

Oahu residents.

The watchdog, “Kontra Daya” (meaning against cheating), encourages these kinds of cases to be reported to help examine if there has been systemic disenfranchisement due to a faulty COMELEC voters list.

Its website, kontradaya. org, posted a unity statement seeking widespread resistance to widespread fraud. The watchdog group advocates that all who have the right to vote should be provided the opportunity to cast their ballots.

To this end, the Consulate set up a mobile outreach to Filipino seafarers who are not allowed by U.S. laws to venture any more than a few feet from their docked boats.

Consulate officials have been coming to check on the seafarers’ welfare, and last year, they also came for voter registration.

According to a recent Consulate advisory, seafarers can vote at mobile election booths at Piers 17 and 36 on selected days and times.

As of writing, the remaining scheduled times are from 5:30 to 7:00 pm on May 3 and 6.

Pastor Jerry Saludez of the Hawaii Seafarers Ministry estimated that seafarers are crew to some 150 local fishing boats.

With about five crew members in a boat, he calculated roughly about 750 seafarers, (continue on page 13)

10 HAWAII FILIPINO CHRONICLE MAY 7, 2022

AS I SEE IT

It’s Time to Visit Hawaii Again. May Day, Lei Day!

By Elpidio R. Estioko

T

he last time we visited Hawaii was in October last year.

We really enjoyed our vacation because Hawaii has a lot to offer even if you have been there so many times. That’s the reason why people keep on going back to the islands to spend their vacation, despite the high cost of living which entails an expensive vacation get-away. It’s so worth it!

We really enjoyed our vacation because Hawaii has a lot to offer even if you have been there so many times.

That’s the reason why people keep on going back to the islands to spend their vacation, despite the high cost of living which entails an expensive

vacation get-away. It’s so worth it!

This was corroborated by an article by Sheila Beal for Hawaiigaga.com: “May is one of the best times to go to Hawaii. The weather is generally good, occupancy is down and costs are relatively inexpensive. May’s weather is usually quite nice.

Daytime high temperature average in the low to mid 80s F. Nighttime temperatures only dip into the lower 70s F.” She pointed out that the average ocean temperature starts to warm up in May and is certainly pleasant enough for swimming. Average rainfall levels are dramatically lower as compared to the rainier winter months.

She further wrote that as a whole, “May is one of the least crowded months to visit Hawaii. Though May is generally very uncrowded, there

are a couple of minor exceptions worth mentioning.

She said that while Waikiki Beach is a popular destination among Japanese people for Golden Week (which is a series of holidays starting April 29 and lasting through May 5/6), we visited the islands during this time, and we didn’t find them to be overly crowded.

Moreover, “May is an inexpensive month for accommodations cost” explained Beal. Of course, Memorial Day weekend is an exception.

We are looking forward to going back to the island this May. My children would love to attend the Lei Day celebration which is being held on the first day of May. My children belong to a halau (hula group) in Santa Clara, here in the Bay Area, and they were taught how to make lei by their kumu (hula instructor) who was trained in Hawaii.

A celebration of

Hawaii lei and culture, there are various Lei Day celebrations throughout the Hawaiian islands.

While many prefer the month of May to visit the islands, it would still depend on your preferences. There are factors to consider such as weather cost, ocean conditions, crowds and seasonal activities when visiting.

Hawaii has one of the most pleasant climates in the world.

A great example is Honolulu’s lovely climate which attracts visitors from all over the world. The city averages 72 degrees in February and 78 degrees in August. The temperature rarely reaches 90 and the ocean varies between 74 degrees in winter to 82 in the summer.

It still rains in Hawaii but depending on the area, the heaviness of the rainfall will vary especially in the winter.

Therefore, it’s important to pick a location with less rainfall when visiting. Popular choices are Waikiki, South and West Maui, the Big Island’s Kohala coast, and Poipu on Kauai.

Prices for accommodations are 20% more in the summer compared to the low season. It’s a good idea to book

a year in advance to avoid the rate increases. Car rentals can also get expensive, especially on last-minute bookings.

For the beaches and oceans, wintertime is best for those looking to surf awesome Hawaiian waves, especially on the islands’ north-facing coasts. Oahu’s North Shore doesn’t get as many tourists as Waikiki, but surf contests are held there in winter. In Maui, the west coast shores are popular among tourists because it’s drier and less prone to winter’s big waves.

But if you’re a swimmer, summer is the best time to visit Hawaii where waves are suitable enough for everyone to swim and snorkel but still fun enough for recreational surfers.

There are few activities seasonal in Hawaii. Whale watching starts November and lasts until April. Kauai’s Napali coast boat tours and hiking activities are best done in summer. Springtime offers waves perfect for boogie boarding and beginner surfing. While summertime is perfect for snorkeling.

The most expensive months to visit Hawaii are the peak season (December 22 to January 3), high season (January, February and March) and summer season (June, July and August).

Will you join us visiting Hawaii in May? ELPIDIO R. ESTIOKO was a veteran journalist in the Philippines and an award-winning journalist in the US. For feedbacks, comments… please email the author @ estiokoelpidio@gmail.com.

MAY 7, 2022  HAWAII FILIPINO CHRONICLE  11

PERRYSCOPE

The Return of the ‘Sick Man Of Asia’

By Perry Diaz

I

n 1853, the Ottoman Empire was referred to by Tsar Nicolas I as the “Sick Man of Europe,” which was then in a state of decline.

After World War I, the phrase was applied to several European countries that included France, Italy, the United Kingdom, Spain, and Germany.

It was the result of the economic chaos that the war brought to Europe.

Ten years later, the Taiping Rebellion in China brought misery to the Chinese people and once again the “Sick Man” cropped its ugly head again, this time in China; hence, the phrase “Sick Man of Asia” was coined.

In 1896, the North China Daily News published an article saying: “There are four sick people in the world – Turkey, Persia, China, Morocco... China is the Sick Man of the East.”

At that time, the ruling Qing dynasty was so corrupt and incompetent that it earned the scorn of the world. The Westerners, who had mocked, humiliated, and insulted China, took advantage of the miserable state of the country and eventually took over its economy.

Shanghai was run by the Shanghai International Settlement, which was dominated by the Americans and British.

They established the Shanghai Municipal Council (SMC), which was later expanded to include the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan, France, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, Spain, Portugal, Peru, Mexico, and Switzerland.

Hong Kong became a British colony and Macao a Portuguese colony. It was imperialism at its zenith. China also came to be known as the “Sick Man of Asia.”

Martial law

The dictator Ferdinand Marcos came to power in 1965.

After his first term as president

of the Philippines, he started planning how to stay in power after his second term, which would have ended in 1973.

Marcos started planning and he formed two sets of advisers, a 12-member working group called the Rolex 12, with each member given a gold Rolex watch as a symbol of power.

Rolex 12 was composed of generals and economic cronies.

They were the architects of the martial law plan. But within this group was another group, known as the Omega Five, which consisted of the generals who were also part of the Rolex 12. Their main responsibility was to make sure that Marcos would remain in power. They were the Praetorian Guard whose loyalty was unquestionable.

On September 23, 1972, Marcos announced that he had placed the Philippines under martial law.

He said that it was necessary to stop the “communist threat” posed by the newly founded Communist Party of the Philippines. But some sources claimed that he staged a series of bombings and ambushes as justification for the declaration of martial law.

This marked the beginning of a 14-year period of one-man rule.

However, opposition figures of the time accused Marcos of exaggerating these threats, using them as a convenient excuse to consolidate power and extend his reign beyond the two presidential terms allowed by the 1935 constitution.

Marcos’ human rights record

Martial law was lifted on January 17, 1981. However, he retained virtually all his powers as dictator.

It is remembered for the Marcos era’s record of human rights abuses, particularly targeting political opponents, student activists, journalists, religious workers, farmers, and others who fought against the Marcos dictatorship.

Based on the documentation of Amnesty International, historians believe that the Marcos dictatorship was marked by more than 3,200 known extrajudicial killings, 35,000 documented tortures, hundreds of

try 21 years to recover from that loss.

In fact, such a decrease in its economic standing gave it the title of the “Sick Man of Asia” – a label associated with massive political corruption, unequal growth, and poverty.

On August 21, 1983, Ninoy Aquino was assassinated on the tarmac of the Manila International Airport. The assassination further triggered the economic downturn of the country.

Fmr. Pres. Ferdinand E. Marcos

disappearances or “salvaged” as they were called, and 70,000 incarcerations.

There were thousands of human rights violations. The economic standing of the country dropped. The dawn of martial law was hell. It was the darkest chapter in Philippine history.

Although the Philippines had attained improvement in its economy during Marcos’ first term, that is not enough to support the claim that considers his presidency as the golden years of the Philippines.

But based on data given by the Philippine Statistics Authority, the country experienced the biggest decrease in income per person yet, and it took the coun-

People Power Revolution

On February 25, 1986, the People Power Revolution ousted the Marcos dictatorship.

Ironically, the leaders of the rebels who evicted the Marcoses from Malacanang were two members of the Omega Five.

As reported in the news, after Marcos was ousted, “government investigators discovered that the declaration of martial law had also allowed the Marcoses to hide secret stashes of unexplained wealth which various courts later determined to be ‘of criminal origin.’”

The Marcos government had to cut overall government expenditures to reduce deficits.

Marcos bankrupted the Central

Bank; it had to be dissolved and replaced by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. Its bad accounts are still being paid for by taxpayers.

After the ouster of Marcos, the country managed to rise economically afterwards. In 2013, under the presidency of Benigno Aquino III, the country was dubbed by the World Bank as Asia’s Rising Tiger.

In 2014, the Japan External Trade Organization survey showed “the Philippines as the second most profitable among ASEAN-5 countries, next to Thailand,” formally abolishing the “sick man” status of the Philippines.

However, it was reported in the news that “during the presidency of Rodrigo Duterte, several commentators have argued that due to the slow growth of the economy and Duterte’s handling of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Philippines seems to be on the brink of restoring its ‘Sick Man’ status.”

Sad to say, the Philippines could once again become the “Sick Man of Asia” if the 2022 presidential election would catapult to power the progeny and (continue on page 13)

12 HAWAII FILIPINO CHRONICLE MAY 7, 2022

BOOK REVIEW

The Buddha, The Gold & The Myth—

How Marcos Looted the Central Bank

By Rose Cruz Churma

I

n the Rappler report “From fringe to mainstream; tracing the myth of the Marcos gold mine,” reporter Pauline Macaraeg notes that the myth on the Tallano Gold associated with the Marcos family existed on Facebook as early as 2011.

Apparently the Marcoses and their supporters have spread the myths to justify the wealth of the family. They say it was earned by the late dictator Ferdinand Marcos from being a fantastic lawyer for

a wealthy family called the Tallanos before he became president and that the national hero Jose Rizal bequeathed his hard-earned gold to the late dictator.

Then there was the Yamashita gold hoax – that the late dictator’s fortune came from the purported treasure left by Japanese General Yamashita after World War II. Was it really a hoax, or was there some basis to that story?

During our regular group chat via Messenger with my extended family (most of whom live in the Philippines), I mentioned that I was going to review this book on the golden buddha reportedly found by Baguio locksmith Roger Roxas.

My youngest brother texted back: “Did you know that Roger Roxas and family rented an apartment from our parents?” This was in the late 1970s and I had already left for Hawaii.

A sister-in-law added that Roger Roxas’ wife was an aunt of one of my brothers’ best friends – probably how he got to rent the apartment which was within the family compound.

My brother relayed how Roxas would confide with my dad about this golden buddha that he found. One day, Roxas mentioned he was being invited to Malacanang. He never came back – leaving all his things at the apartment.

On another group chat with former school mates from Baguio, someone mentioned that Judge Pio Marcos, then the presiding judge in Baguio, was another Roxas confidant who advised him to keep the treasures he unearthed at his residence, until fully armed men supposedly from the Baguio police force raided his place to confiscate his treasures.

The search warrant was signed by the same judge.

In Charles C. McDougald’s book, he links the Golden Buddha to the Marcos family and how it was stolen from Roger Roxas. Roxas protested the theft but was tortured and thrown into prison instead. He stayed in hiding during most of the years Marcos was in power.

When the Marcoses were exiled in Hawaii, Roxas, with his boyhood buddy Felix Dacanay, formed the Golden Budha Corporation (spelled “Budha” on purpose, as a backhanded reference to the search warrant issued to search Roxas’ residence to confiscate his treasures, which included a golden Buddha) and filed on February 1988 by his lawyer Dan Cathcart, and came to trial in July 1996.

The trial lasted a month,

and after a day’s deliberation the jury sided with the Golden Budha Corporation and awarded it $22 Billion in damages for personal injuries, for being falsely imprisoned and tortured and theft of the treasure (Circuit Court, First Circuit, State of Hawaii, Civil Case Number 88-0522, Roger Roxas and the Golden Budha Corporation vs. Ferdinand Marcos and Imelda Marcos).

At the end of World War II, rumors circulated that General Yamashita, commander of the Japanese forces, had buried a treasure in the Philippines, supposedly in the mountains surrounding Baguio.

Growing up in Baguio, I’ve encountered these tales of how one family became rich due to a treasure hunting. In one of our building projects in Baguio, we had to use piles to support the structure’s foundation when we discovered a maze of tunnels underneath.

The project site was close to the Baguio Post Office; so perhaps there was truth to that rumor about the treasures the Japanese buried during the WWII. Roger Roxas started treasure hunting in 1962 during his spare time. He recalls that a Japanese named Albert Fushugami gave him a sketch showing a treasure location.

Fushugami claims that he was part of a group of engineers that buried some treasures during Yamashita’s retreat. The book includes a detailed description of how the excavation was conducted as told by Roxas.

Aside from the Golden Buddha, the book reveals further details of Marcos’ greed and his quest for wealth and exposed the shadowy world of the Central Bank.

The book starts with the exile in Hawaii and proceeds to look back on how the Philippines and its financial institutions were plundered.

“Fast-paced and scintillating, the book reads like an adventure novel” is how the author describes his book.

Charles C. McDougald lived for 10 years during Martial Law in the Philippines, where he obtained a masters degree from the Asian Institute of Management (AIM) and a doctoral degree from the University of the Philippines (UP).

A former captain of the Green Berets in Vietnam, he credits that experience in helping him tremendously in his research for his various books which exposed the corruption and excesses of the Marcos regime.

One of his professors at the UP (Emmanuel V. Soriano) asked McDougald to find the truth about the legendary Yamashita treasure, which led to his writing of this, and other books.

The section “Notes” at the end of the book contains a wealth of data detailing his sources of information – crucial for those wanting to understand the extent of the thievery, and having all the documentation to prove it, that was perpetrated during the Marcos years.

This book was published 25 years ago, but its contents is as relevant as ever.

In the book’s back cover, the author writes: “A nation that does not know its past, does not know itself.”

At that time when the author wrote it, he wouldn’t have known that the dictator’s family would attempt to revise the nation’s history, or at least use social media to prove that their wealth came from legitimate sources, and not from outright plunder. ROSE CRUZ CHURMA established a career in architecture 40 years ago, specializing in judicial facilities planning. As a retired architect, she now has the time to do the things she always wanted to do: read books and write about them, as well as encourage others to write.

MAY 7, 2022  HAWAII FILIPINO CHRONICLE  13

PERSONAL REFLECTIONS

Prayer for the May 2022 Elections

By Seneca Moraleda-Puguan

M

y husband and I are very anxious of the upcoming elections.

Though we are not in the Philippines physically, we know that the results of the elections will impact our children and our children’s children.

The important decision of every Filipino voter will dictate the future of our nation.

The past few months have been intense with all the debates, campaigns, mudslinging from different parties.

All the hullabaloos of the elections make us laugh, furious, uneasy, excited and feel all sorts of emotions. We are in faith that a person with integrity and firm convictions, one who has a track record of delivering and serving, has great

love for the Filipino people will take the highest position of the land but the results are out of our control.

The only thing we can do is pray. What is impossible to us is possible with God. So, pray every day we do.

Please join us in praying as millions of Filipinos from all over the world cast their vote and install the 17th President of the Philippines.

PEACE AND ORDER. Father, we pray for clean, honest elections. We pray for protection upon the candidates as they campaign, and the electorate as they go to the precincts and cast their vote. We declare that there will be no reports of violence and disorder – from the day of voting to counting to proclaiming the new leaders of the land. Bless, protect and sustain all the volunteers who

will be working day and night in the polling places to make sure that the ballots are kept safe. We declare peace and order to prevail on election day.

UNITY. The elections are one of the most divisive events of our country. Father, we pray for unity to reign in our land.

We all love our country and we only want the best for our land. May you break down the walls of division and may the Filipino people be one despite our differences in beliefs and preferences.

WISDOM. Lord, bless the Filipino people with wisdom and discernment to choose the best leader of our nation. May they know the heart and the intentions of the candidates. May they choose leaders with pure and selfless motives, clean and clear agenda, intense passion to serve the people. I pray that the Filipino people will learn from the mistakes of the past and choose leaders with integrity and conviction.

HEALING. The Philippines has suffered terrible things due to corruption and wrong practices committed by elected leaders. May the next six years under the new leader be a time of restoration, freedom from poverty, and fresh hope for our country. May you thwart the plans of the enemy that tries to steal, kill and destroy the great purposes and promises that you have for the

Votes cast and received by the Consulate are processed twice a week, and this means that the April 29 feeding was worth half a week of ballots received. The process of ballot feeding can be observed and checked by accredited poll watchers, media entities, and other observers.

Voters can see that the following actual cases do not happen to them. An envelope can be considered questionable if a voter inadvertently or advertently printed a differ-

ent name from the registered one. Some of the actual cases of spoiled or invalidated ballots include the following: • The envelope did not have the required seal.

• The seal was affixed on the ballot and not the envelope.

• The voter affixed his signature on the ballot when the only place a voter should connect their signature was on the envelope.

• Instead of shading circles using a black pen, check-

Philippines. Please silence the lies and frustrate the devices of people who only desire selfish gains. Father, we pray that you heal our land.

At the end of the day, our God is sovereign. He is in control.

Whoever get elected as the new President and Vice-President, whether we like them or not, God still loves the Philippines and He has great plans for our beloved land.

Our hope is set, not on whoever gets the position as the most powerful person in the land, but on the most powerful – the One who gives and takes away, the One who sets up and appoints leaders, the One who sees the hearts of men – the Lord of all.

Yes, I am anxious about the coming elections. The future is uncertain. But I have hope for the Philippines. Great things are yet to come! God bless the Philippines!

(NEWS FEATURE: On Democratically....from page 9)

of which 75% are Filipinos.

Not all, though, could vote in this election. Many did not register to vote as seafarers, and some could not recall the last time they voted.

Seafarers could vote anywhere if they indicated that they were seafarers at registration time, and their names are included in the official Commission on Election Seafarers list.

On April 26, after the Consular officials left, Saludez reported that two seafarers were able to vote at Pier 36 and none at Pier 17. The nature of fishing is that boats and seafarers do not return to shore regularly, and their presence at the Piers will not always coincide with the Consulate’s mobile outreach schedules. He lauds the Consulate officials for going the extra mile and come after regular office hours.

Each ballot is unique to a voter. The voting ballot is practically irreplaceable, and voters cannot use someone else’s ballot to vote. Each voter cannot even mistake affixing another voter’s seal in their envelope. Voters must keep all these in mind.

Overseas voters who re-

ceived their ballots are encouraged to vote early and treat the ballot with sacredness meaning voters must do all they can to make their votes count.

Bulos reminded all of the need to follow the election packet’s instructions properly.

A voter said she did not open her packet right away but waited until she had a quiet time and was away from distraction. She followed instructions carefully and then mailed back her ballot early. A mother with two children was planning to do the same, to assure that she would make the right choices and her ballot would not be accidentally damaged.

Lessons are learned from actual ballot-feeding, such as one on April 29 at the Philippine Consulate. There was only a handful of rejected or spoiled ballots during the ballot-feeding for the observed precinct.

The machine that scanned and recorded the ballots jammed a few times, and each ballot was retrieved gently and re-fed. The device ultimately rejected two ballots, one for seeming like a duplicate ballot and the other for appearing like a fake ballot.

marks were affixed.

Other marks on the ballot, such as a sharpie mark flaw, caused the machine to reject the ballot.

The scanning machine automatically invalidates if there is more than one shaded circle for the position of president and vice president, more than 12 for the Senators, and more than one for the Party-List.

The election in Hawaii will close at 1 am on Monday, May 9. The final ballot-feeding and vote count follow right after.

•

(EDITORIAL: BILL 41....from page 3)

some seniors), perhaps, depending on the location of the property, they could be granted an exemption. And the number of exemptions could be capped.

Future exemption or not, let’s be clear that vacation property rental owners still have the ability to rent out their units for longer leases to residents. They have income

producing options. So the unfair burden some are claiming is actually about addressing margins of profit. Some have called this greed. But there are perhaps legitimate cases where hardship should require a possible exemption.

Encouraging to see For many renters and res-

(PERRYSCOPE: Does the World....from page 11)

namesake of the late dictator.

As Winston Churchill once said, “Those that fail to learn from history are doomed to repeat it.”

Here’s hoping that the Filipino voters would learn from our dark history and vote wisely on May 9, 2022 and prevent the return of the “Sick Man of

idents clamoring for more housing availability, Bill 41 could materialize as a life raft of sort.

While more needs to be done in the area of expanding affordable housing in particular, at the very least Bill 41 shows that Mayor Blangiardi and this Honolulu City Council (with one exception) are not completely tone deaf to such urgent calls.  Asia.” PERRY DIAZ is a writer, columnist and journalist who has been published in more than a dozen Filipino newspapers in five countries.

14 HAWAII FILIPINO CHRONICLE MAY 7, 2022

OPEN FORUM

‘Shipping Security’ Just Another Jones Act Myth

By Mark Coleman

H

awaii residents have been hearing over and over in recent months that the 1920 federal maritime law known as the Jones Act provides Hawaii with “shipping security.”

But it ain’t necessarily so.

In a new article published by the Grassroot Institute of Hawaii, “’Shipping security’ more Jones Act shibai,” research associate Jonathan Helton looked into that claim and found it to just another of the many myths that Jones Act supporters have been touting to keep afloat their favorite piece of special-interest legislation.

Helton wrote that Jones Act supporters have tried to buttress their “shipping security” claim by pointing to the recent port congestion along the US West Coast, where scores of ships were just sitting offshore, in some cases for weeks, waiting to unload their cargoes.

Meanwhile, shipping between the West Coast and Hawaii was mostly smooth sailing, with Jones Act supporters alleging it was because of the Jones Act, which restricts shipping competition between US ports to only ships that are US flagged

and built, and mostly owned and crewed by Americans.

Apples-and-oranges comparison Helton, however, determined that, “Comparing the Hawaii-mainland trade to the Asia-West Coast trade… is not an apples-to-apples comparison.” Among the differences: - Last year, the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach hit their highest cargo volumes ever. In 2021, LA and Long Beach each received more than 900 containerships, while only 248 visited Hawaii.

- The containerships visiting LA and Long Beach were much larger on average than those stopping in Hawaii: 75,899 and 82,925 gross tons, respectively, versus about half that size, 41,500 gross tons, for Hawaii.

- LA and Long Beach handle about 40% of the country’s freight, while Honolulu accounts for only a tiny fraction.

In addition, Hawaii’s import volumes actually fell during the year due to the drop in tourism.

Meanwhile, West Coast harbors have experienced of shortages of trucking and rail capacity to move out the cargo that has already been offloaded.

So yes, Helton wrote, “Hawaii has managed to avoid

most of the supply-chain logjam.” But, again, not because of the Jones Act.

The not-so unique ‘dedicated terminals’ Helton also tackled the argument put forth by Matson and Pasha — the two Jones Act carriers that dominate the West Coast-Hawaii market — that their “dedicated terminals” have protected Hawaii from shipping delays and logistics hurdles.

Such port terminals, however, also have nothing to do with the Jones Act. Nor are they unique, as claimed by Matson. Foreign shipping lines own several terminals across the country. At the Port of Los Angeles, for example, Danish shipping giant Maersk owns APM Terminals’ Pier 400.

to many product shortages in Hawaii.

“In the near future,” Helton wrote, “there’s the possibility of another maritime labor disruption, since the International Longshore and Warehouse Union’s contract with the Pacific Maritime Association, a maritime employer representative, ends in July 2022.”

If the union does go on strike and includes Hawaii, the Jones Act will have no say in how the negotiations turn out.

Jones Act carriers never delayed?

Then there is the argument that Jones Act ships serving Hawaii “never, never get delayed,” as a top executive with the Hawaii Pilots Association recently stated.

In response, Helton listed examples of cargo ships being delayed for all sorts of reasons, whether mechanical, environmental or political, including the long strike by US dockworkers in 1970 that led

Foreign-flagged ships aren’t reliable?

“Finally,” Helton noted, “amid all the debate over the reliability of Jones Act carriers, it is important to remember that Hawaii is heavily dependent on international ocean carriers as well.

In fact, foreign-flagged vessels account for the majority of tonnage brought to Hawaii, including more than 23 million barrels of crude oil.

If these foreign ships were so unreliable, why would Hawaii businesses ever use them?

“By some metrics,” he said, “their service is superior to that of Jones Act carriers, as foreign ships are often newer and offer lower shipping costs.

“Moreover, as international events have recently emphasized, the Jones Act is actual-

Notice And Comment The APA requires that agencies provide an opportunity for the public to review and comment upon a new rule before it becomes legally binding. 5 USC Section 553(b). The CDC did not allow for public participation through notice and comment before issuing the Mask Mandate. The Court concluded that “our system does not permit agencies to act unlawfully even in pursuit of desirable ends.”

Does Philippine Airlines require masks? Is PAL bound by the judge’s decision? Can PAL claim that like a ship it is under the control of the country it is registered with and follows the regulation of that country.

I plan to travel to the Philippines in May. Will I wear a mask if PAL requires it? If I refuse, could I avail of the excuse that the plaintiffs used in this case – that a mask causes “anxiety” and provokes “panic attacks”?

Observation Major airlines in the United States supported the decision and said they would not require masks on their airplanes.

ATTY. TIPON was a Fulbright and Smith-Mundt scholar to Yale Law School where he obtained a Master of Laws degree specializing in Constitutional Law. He has a Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of the Philippines. He is admitted to practice

ly a threat to Hawaii’s energy security, since the added costs of using Jones Act carriers to ship crude to Hawaii from US sources have incentivized the state to become almost wholly dependent on foreign oil imports.”

‘Shipping security’ just another Jones Act myth Ultimately, Helton wrote, “the Jones Act has nothing to do with Hawaii’s ‘shipping security,’ nor the ‘dedicated terminals’ of its primary Jones Act carriers.”

He concluded: “Like so many other claims in favor of the Jones Act — that it provides 650,000 American jobs, protects US shipbuilding and national security, contributes to economic growth, provides benefits without affecting consumer prices, keeps foreign ships from traversing America’s inland waterways, protects America against terrorism, is a bulwark against China, and so on — this argument about the Jones Act providing Hawaii with “shipping security” is just another myth that needs to be sent to Davy Jones’ Locker.”  MARK COLEMAN is managing editor and communications director for the Grassroot Institute of Hawaii. Jonathan Helton’s article can be viewed by visiting the institute’s website at www.grassrootinstitute.org.

(WHAT’S UP, ATTORNEY?: Biden Admin....from page 7)

date, the former definition would preclude it. The court concluded that the first sense – that of active cleaning – is the meaning of “sanitation” in Section 264(a).

Thus, sanitation is limited to cleaning measures. Wearing a mask cleans nothing. At most it traps virus droplets.

But it neither “sanitizes the person wearing the mask nor “sanitizes” the conveyance.

Because CDC required mask wearing as a measure to keep something clean – explaining that it limits the spread of COVID-19 through prevention, but never contending that it actively destroys or removes it – the Mask Mandate falls outside of Section 264(a).

The court also noted that the first part of Section 264(a) does not give CDC power to act on individuals directly.

Section 264(b)-(d) gives CDC power to directly impose on an individual’s liberty interests.

Since the Mask Mandate regulates an individual’s behavior – wearing a mask – it imposes directly on liberty interests, not the property interests contemplated in Section 264(a).

Section 264(b)-(d) directly regulate individuals only if they are traveling into the United States from abroad or are “reasonably believed to be infected with a communicable disease in a qualifying stage.”

before the U.S. Supreme Court, New York, and the Philippines. He practices federal law, with emphasis on immigration law and appellate federal criminal defense. He was the Dean and a Professor of Law of the College of Law, Northwestern University, Philippines.

He has written law books and legal articles for the world’s most prestigious legal publisher and w rites columns for newspapers.

He wrote the best-seller “Winning

by Knowing Your Election Laws.”

Listen to The Tipon Report which he co-hosts with his son Attorney Emmanuel “Noel” Tipon. They talk about immigration law, criminal law, court-martial defense, and current events. It is considered the most witty, interesting, and useful radio show in Hawaii. KNDI 1270 AM band every Thursday at 8:00 a.m. Atty. Tipon was born in Laoag City, Philippines. Cell Phone (808) 225-2645. E-Mail: filamlaw@yahoo.com. Website: https://www.tiponlaw.com.

MAY 7, 2022  HAWAII FILIPINO CHRONICLE  15

COMMUNITY CALENDAR HAWAII TRIENNIAL 2022 | Hawaii Contemporary | Open until May 8, 2022.

Hours vary per venue | Bishop Museum, Foster Botanical Garden, Hawaii Theatre Center, Hawaii State Art Museum, Iolani Palace, Honolulu Museum of Art and Royal Hawaiian Center | HT22 celebrates the unique cultures in Hawaii through contemporary art. Visit multiple art galleries and installations from 43 artists and collectives from Asia Pacific, Hawaii and beyond, including Filipino artist Leeroy New’s Taklobo art installation at Foster Botanical Garden.

FAST, HEALTHY & ONO ASIAN DISHES | AARP Hawai`i | May 5, 12, 19 and 26 at 5pm | This virtual cooking series features

Windward Community College Chef Dan Swift cooking healthy Asian recipes such as Korean meat jun, Thai red curry and Indian chicken tikka masala. Chef Dan will also teach the three French foundation sauces: bechamel, tomato and velouté. The cooking webinars will be streamed via Zoom and facebook.com/ AARPHawaii. To register, visit aarpcvent.com/ HIcooking.

FRAUD WATCH FRIDAY | AARP Hawaii | May 6 (2pm), May 13 (2pm), May 20 (6:30pm) and May 27 (10am) | This class aims to help kupuna and those who care for them fight against fraud. Webinars are free. To register, visit states.aarp.org/hawaii/ events-hi.

HAWAII-FILIPINO NEWS

KUPUNA ONLINE TECHNOLOGY CLASSES | AARP Hawaii | May 13, 20 and 27 at 10am HST | This technology classes aims to educate the kupuna navigate today’s digital world. Zoom classes are free.

To register, visit states.aarp.org/hawaii/events-hi.

COMMON MEDICARE MISTAKES TO AVOID | AARP Hawaii | May 17 at 1pm | There are things to know when it comes to enrolling in Medicare. To avoid mistakes, tune in to this AARP webinar to learn more. To register, visit states.aarp.org/hawaii/ events-hi.

53RD ANNUAL BARRIO FIESTA County of Maui, Binhi at Ani | May 27 at 5pm to 10pm and May 28 at 10am to 10pm | Binhi at Ani Filipino Community Center, 780 Onehee Ave, Kahului, Maui | Celebrate Filipino culture with food, pageantry, contests and special events at the Annual Barrio Fiesta.

Hawaii Lawmakers to Raise Minimum Wage man of Hawaii Restaurant Asso- en the burden of Hawaii’s high cost in October ciation said the minimum wage of living,” said Menor-McNamara.

T

he Hawaii House and Senate finally agreed to raise the state’s minimum wage to $12 per hour by October 1, 2022.

The minimum wage bill HB2510 aims to scale up the minimum wage to $18/hour by January 1, 2028 and make the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) refundable.

“We appreciate the efforts by our Hawaii lawmakers – in both the House and Senate – to get an increase in minimum wage passed this legislative session,” said Chamber of Commerce Hawaii President and CEO Sherry Menor-McNamara.

Ryan Tanaka, incoming chair-

increase will allow restaurants to continue to operate. He also admits that the $18/hour by 2028 will be a tough journey.

“Although the $18 by 2028 will be tough on some of our smallest businesses in Hawaii, the small business community is resilient and will do all they can to continue to provide jobs and services to the people of our state.”

The EITC is a refundable tax credit for low- and moderate- income workers. “Making the Earned Income Tax Credit refundable and permanent will help our most vulnerable in the community and less-

For Tina Yamaki, president of Retail Merchants of Hawaii, Hawaii small businesses are “the heartbeat of our economy and backbone of our communities. They need our help, now more than ever.”

HB2510 includes the following: Minimum Wage Scale – Increase to $12/hour by October 1, 2022 – Increase to $14/hour by January 1, 2024 – Increase to $16/hour by January 1, 2026 – Increase to $18/hour by January 1, 2028

Earned Income Tax Credit – Makes EITC refundable and permanent Tip Credit Scale – Increases from .75 cents to $1 per hour by October 1, 2022 – Increases to $1.25 by January 1, 2024 – Increases to $1.50 by January 1, 2028  (Sagot sa Krosword Blg. 19 | April 2, 2022)

KROSWORD ni Carlito Lalicon PAHALANG

Blg. 20

1. Barkilyos 4. Palasong makamandag o may lason 9. Pambansang ibon 11. Mahalumigmig na kaalinsanganan ng klima o panahon 13. Kapital ng Isabela 14. Sakbay 16. Katawagan sa tsaanggubat 18. Isang uri ng punongkahoy na may matamis na bunga 19. Aborsyon 20. Pagkaing pang-alis ng suya

22. Ina 23. Maleta 24. Paunang sahod 25. Hulog 27. Iwasto 29. Umaalog 31. Malaking trey o bandehado 33. Tinatanggap 37. Sustento 39. Malapot na langis 40. Palihim na umangkat ng kalakal 43. Isang uri ng kape 50. Pihitin 45. Petrolyo 52. Busilak 46. Piksi 54. Maramot 47. Sawata 56. Yapusin 49. Busog at palaso

PABABA

10. Entonses 11. Balkon 12. Balasubas 13. Itambal 15. Sarsa na ginawa sa niligis na bitsuwelas na soy 17. Isang uri ng isda 21. Taol 24. Pamukpok 26. Isang pag-aani ng palay

1. Ang matigas na ubod ng mga ugat 2. Piga 3. Talino 4. Ingat 5. Panukalang-batas 6. Bagal 7. Kapalit 8. Bolilyo 9. Ingat

28. Masinop 30. Isang uri ng laro ng mga bata 32. Isang uri ng punong kahoy 34. Kalero 35. Isandal 36. Saan naroroon 38. Mangupit 40. Negro 41. Dinala ng agos

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MAY 7, 2022