Boje stvarnosti / The Colours of Reality

O

PROJEKTU/ABOUT THE PROJECT

Boje Stvarnosti/Colours of Reality

Melinda Šefčić, dr.art./PhD

PREDSTAVLJANJE UMJETNIČKIH

INTERVENCIJA/PRESENTATION OF VISUAL ART INTERVENTIONS

Monika Meglić Drvo života/Tree of Life

Valentina Supanz Marinić Dubine/Depths

Ana Ratković Sobota Tokovima Kupe/Along the Kupa River

Jasmina Krajačić Na ovaj ili onaj način/One Way or Another

Tea Jurišić i Goran Rakić ReKreativa/ReCreation

Damir Sobota EQUES

Mario Miličić Plodovi/Fruits

Melinda Šefčić

Svi smo mi posebni/We Are All Special

Nikolina Manojlović Vračar

Topli napitak/Warm Drink

Valentina Supanz Marinić

PREDSTAVLJANJE UMJETNIČKIH RADIONICA/PRESENTATION OF ART WORKSHOPS

Vida Meić

Percepcija šume/Perception of the Forest

Krešimir Golubić

Graffiti su umjetnost, a ne vandalizam/Graffiti Is Art, Not Vandalism

REZULTATI ISTRAŽIVAČKOG DIJELA PROJEKTA/RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH SEGMENT OF THE PROJECT

Istraživački rad projekta Boje stvarnosti

Anita Jandrić Nišević, dr.sc./PhD

Melinda Šefčić, dr.art./PhD

The Survey Conducted Within the Colours of Reality Project

Anita Jandrić Nišević, dr.sc./PhD

Melinda Šefčić, dr.art./PhD

IMPRESUM/ IMPRESSUM

Boje stvarnosti

dr. art. Melinda Šefčić

Boje stvarnosti peti je projekt koji Hrvatsko društvo likovnih umjetnika provodi u suradnji s autoricom i voditeljicom dr. art. Melindom Šefčić, uz financijsku potporu Ministarstva pravosuđa i uprave Republike Hrvatske.

Projektna realizacija obuhvaćala je umjetničku estetizaciju i revitalizaciju 10 unutarnjih i vanjskih prostora Zatvora u Bjelovaru, Zatvora u Karlovcu, Zatvora u Osijeku te Kaznionice u Lepoglavi, te su izvedene dvije likovne radionice u Odgojnom zavodu u Turopolju i Zatvoru u Karlovcu.

Umjetnici uključeni u projektnu realizaciju svojom su kreativnom participacijom i angažmanom poboljšali uvjete života i rada u kaznionicama te doprinijeli rehabilitaciji, suptilnoj naobrazbi i komunikaciji. Monika Meglić i Valentina Supanz Marinić likovne su intervencije izvele u Zatvoru u Bjelovaru, Ana Ratković Sobota i Jasmina Krajačić likovne su intervencije izvele u Zatvoru u Karlovcu, umjetnica Tea Jurišić i umjetnik Goran Rakić oslikali su vanjski zid Zatvora u Osijeku, dok su umjetnici Nikolina Manojlović Vračar, Melinda Šefčić, Valentina Supanz Marinić, Damir Sobota i Mario Miličić izveli pet likovnih intervencija u Kaznionici u Lepoglavi. U sklopu projekta izvedene su i dvije likovne radionice pod vodstvom Vide Meić, koja je izvela likovnu radionicu u Zatvoru u Karlovcu, te Krešimir Golubić koji je izveo likovnu radionicu s maloljetnim korisnicima Odgojnog zavoda u Turopolju.

Istraživačka komponenta ostvarena je u suradnji dr. sc. Anite Jandrić Nišević s Odsjeka za forenziku Edukacijsko-rehabilitacijskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu i dr. art. Melinde Šefčić. Istraživački rad, koji se predstavlja u katalogu, nastavak je dosad izvedenih radova, a cilj je bio dobiti uvid u način na koji zatvorenici i stručni djelatnici spomenutih kaznionica percipiraju zatvorski eksterijer i interijer prije i nakon provođenja projektnih aktivnosti te u konačnici poboljšati uvjete izdržavanja zatvorske kazne u Republici Hrvatskoj.

Ono što nam daje poticaj za daljnji rad na ovim i sličnim projektima u zatvorskom sustavu jest rezultat koji pokazuje da preko 85 % zatvorenika podržava realizaciju projekta i u ostalim kaznenim tijelima diljem Hrvatske. Upravo se zato nadamo da ćemo i u budućnosti nastaviti s realizacijom projektnih aktivnosti estetizacije i revitalizacije zatvorskog prostora umjetnošću, uz mogućnost aktivnog uključivanja zatvorenika.

About the project ColoUrs of Reality

Melinda Šefčić, PhD

The Colours of Reality is the fifth project implemented by the Croatian Association of Fine Artists in collaboration with the project author and manager, Melinda Šefčić, PhD, with the financial support of the Ministry of Justice and Public Administration of the Republic of Croatia.

The project implementation included the artistic aestheticization and revitalization of 10 interior and exterior spaces of the Prison in Bjelovar, the Prison in Karlovac, the Prison in Osijek and the Penitentiary in Lepoglava. Additionally, two art workshops were held in the Correctional Institution in Turopolje and the Prison in Karlovac.

With their creative participation and engagement, the artists involved in the project have improved living and working conditions in prisons and penitentiaries and contributed to rehabilitation, subtle education and communication. Monika Meglić and Valentina Supanz Marinić carried out artistic interventions in the Prison in Bjelovar and Ana Ratković Sobota and Jasmina Krajačić did so in the Prison in Karlovac. Artists Tea Jurišić and Goran Rakić painted the outer wall of the Prison in Osijek, while Nikolina Manojlović Vračar, Melinda Šefčić, Valentina Supanz Marinić, Damir Sobota and Mario Miličić carried out five artis-

tic interventions in the Penitentiary in Lepoglava. As part of the project, two art workshops were also held under the guidance of Vida Meić, who held an art workshop in the Prison in Karlovac, and Krešimir Golubić, who held an art workshop with juvenile inmates in the Correctional Institution in Turopolje. The research component was implemented in collaboration between Anita Jandrić Nišević, PhD, from the Department of Criminology, Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation, University of Zagreb and Melinda Šefčić, PhD. The research work, presented in the catalogue, is a continuation of the works carried out so far, and the goal was to gain an insight into how inmates and prison staff in the aforementioned penal institutions perceive the prison exterior and interior before and after the implementation of the project activities, and ultimately to improve the conditions of serving a prison sentence in the Republic of Croatia. What motivates us to continue working on these and similar projects in the prison system is the result that shows that over 85% of inmates support the implementation of the project in other penal institutions throughout Croatia. Therefore, we hope to continue with the implementation of project activities of aestheticization and revitalization of the prison space with art, with the possibility of active involvement of inmates.

Drvo života/ Tree of Life

MONIKA MEGLIĆ

Zatvor u Bjelovaru/ Prison in Bjelovar

Dubine/ Depths

Zatvor u Bjelovaru/ Prison in Bjelovar

Tokovima Kupe/Along the Kupa River

ANA RATKOVIĆ SOBOTA

Zatvor u Karlovcu/ Prison in Karlovac

Na ovaj ili onaj način/ One Way or Another

JASMINA KRAJAČIĆ

Zatvor u Karlovcu/ Prison in Karlovac

ReKreativa/ recreation

TEA JURIŠIĆ I GORAN RAKIĆ

Zatvor u Osijeku/ Prison in Osijek

EQUES

DAMIR SOBOTA

Kaznionica u Lepoglavi/ Penitentiary in Lepoglava

Plodovi/ Fruits

MARIO MILIČIĆ

Kaznionica u Lepoglavi/ Penitentiary in Lepoglava

Svi smo mi posebni/ We Are All Special

MELINDA ŠEFČIĆ

Kaznionica u Lepoglavi/ Penitentiary in Lepoglava

Topli napitak/ Warm Drink

NIKOLINA MANOJLOVIĆ VRAČAR

Kaznionica u Lepoglavi/ Penitentiary in Lepoglava

Let/ Flight

VALENTINA SUPANZ MARINIĆ

Kaznionica u Lepoglavi/ Penitentiary in Lepoglava

Percepcija šume/ Perception of the Forest

VIDA MEIĆ

Zatvor u Karlovcu/ Prison in Karlovac

Graffiti

su umjetnost, a ne vandalizam/ Graffiti Is Art, Not Vandalism

KREŠIMIR GOLUBIĆ

Odgojni zavod u Turopolju/ Correctional Institution in Turopolje

ISTRAŽIVAČKA KOMPONENTA PROJEKTA BOJE STVARNOSTI

Anita Jandrić Nišević, dr.sc. Melinda Šefčić, dr.art.

Projekt Boje stvarnosti peti je projekt oslikavanja kaznenih tijela u Republici Hrvatskoj. Prvi takav projekt proveden je 2018. godine u Kaznionici za žene u Požegi pod nazivom Uzorna kaznionica. Nakon njega su uslijedili Revitalizacija zatvorskog prostora umjetnošću (oslikavanje Zatvora u Zagrebu, 2019.) te Horizont slobode (oslikavanje Kaznionice u Glini i Zatvorske bolnice, 2020.). Projekt Sloboda stvaranja proveden je 2021. godine i obuhvatio je dosad najveći broj kaznenih tijela (zatvore u Rijeci i Bjelovaru, Kaznionicu i Odgojni zavod u Turopolju te Probacijski ured Zagreb I). Analiza percepcije prostora od strane djelatnika i zatvorenika prije i nakon provedenih likovnih intervencija u navedenim kaznenim tijelima, dala je uvid u važnost i nužnost ovakvih projekata u zatvorskom sustavu Republike Hrvatske. Naime, i zatvorenici i službenici kaznenih tijela u većoj su se mjeri složili oko tvrdnji da su likovne intervencije u prostoru pozitivno utjecale na atmosferu i smanjenje stresa te povećale osjećaj ugode, što za posljedicu ima stvaranje kvalitetnijeg radnog okruženja, smanjenje sindroma sagorijevanja na poslu kada govorimo o službenicima, te poticanje pozitivnih stavova prema životu i bolja adaptacija na zatvorske uvjete kada govorimo o zatvorenicima. Budući da je velika većina zatvorenika, ali i službenika, podržala nastavak inicijative oslikavanja prostora i u drugim kaznenim tijelima, projekt Boje stvarnosti nastavio je tradiciju oslikavanja zidova kaznenih tijela te su oslikani zatvori u Osijeku i Karlovcu i Kaznionica u Lepoglavi. Osim toga, ovaj projekt ponudio je i novinu u odnosu na prethodne pa je u svojoj realizaciji uključio i radionice za korisnike Odgojnog zavoda u Turopolju i Zatvora u Karlovcu koji su u prethodnom projektu iskazali interes za ovakvim aktivnostima.

Cilj istraživanja

Glavni cilj istraživačke komponente projekta Boje stvarnosti bio je dobivanje uvida o percepciji prostora od strane zatvorenika i službenika Zatvora u Osijeku, Zatvora u Karlovcu i Kaznionice u Lepoglavi, a u svrhu poboljšanja općih uvjeta boravka u navedenim prostorima, kako za zatvorenike tako i za službenike. Ispitana je percepcija prostora prije i nakon izvođenja likovnih intervencija (oslikavanja zidova). Osim toga, provedena je i radionica u Zatvoru u Karlovcu i Odgojnom zavodu u Turopolju u cilju konstruktivnog provođenja slobodnog vremena korisnika kao i razvoja njihovih umjetničkih potencijala.

Uzorak ispitanika

Uzorak ispitanika sastojao se od ukupno 48 zatvorenika iz Zatvora u Osijeku, Zatvora u Karlovcu i Kaznionice u Lepoglavi te od 12 korisnika iz Odgojnog zavoda u Turopolju koji su sudjelovali na provedenim radionicama. Uzorak je uključivao i 50 službenika iz Zatvora u Osijeku, Zatvora u Karlovcu i Kaznionice u Lepoglavi. Detaljnija analiza uzorka bit će predstavljena u nastavku rada.

Način prikupljanja podataka

Podaci o percepciji prostora prije izvođenja likovnih intervencija prikupljani su tijekom kolovoza 2022. (u Zatvoru u Karlovcu), rujna 2022. (u Zatvoru u Osijeku) i siječnja 2023. (u Kaznionici u Lepoglavi) , a podaci koji se odnose na percepciju prostora nakon izvedenih likovnih intervencija prikupljeni su tijekom rujna 2022. (u Zatvoru u Karlovcu), listopada 2022. (u Zatvoru u Osijeku) i veljače 2023. (u Kaznionici u Lepoglavi). U prikupljanju podataka anketnim upitnikom sudjelovali su službenici kaznenih tijela obuhvaćenih projektom. Prilikom sudjelovanja u istraživanju, poštivala su se načela dobrovoljnosti i anonimnosti, a sudionicima je bilo naglašeno da će se podaci upotrebljavati isključivo u znanstvene svrhe te u svrhu poboljšanja uvjeta izdržavanja kazne.

Mjerni instrumenti

U svrhu dobivanja podataka o percepciji prostora kreirano je nekoliko upitnika poštujući specifičnosti pojedinih ustanova, kao i specifičnosti uzorka ispitanika:

• Upitnik o percepciji prostora za zatvorenike u Zatvoru u Osijeku – prije i nakon izvođenja likovnih intervencija

• Upitnik o percepciji prostora za službenike Zatvora u Osijeku – prije i nakon izvođenja likovnih intervencija

• Upitnik o percepciji prostora za zatvorenike u Zatvoru u Karlovcu – prije i nakon izvođenja likovnih intervencija

• Upitnik o percepciji prostora za službenike Zatvora u Karlovcu – prije i nakon izvođenja likovnih intervencija

• Upitnik o percepciji prostora za zatvorenike u Kaznionici u Lepoglavi – prije i nakon izvođenja likovnih intervencija

• Upitnik o percepciji prostora za službenike u Kaznionici u Lepoglavi – prije i nakon izvođenja likovnih intervencija

• Upitnik zadovoljstva provedenim radionicama za maloljetnike u Odgojnom zavodu u Turopolju

Upitnici koji su se primjenjivali prije izvođenja likovnih intervencija sastojali su se od 12 varijabli, a upitnici koji su ispitivali percepciju prostora nakon oslikavanja zidova sastojali su od 10 varijabli i bili su isti za sva kaznena tijela. Bitno je naglasiti da su anketni upitnici, osim strukturiranih varijabli, nudili i mogućnost slobodnog izražavanja u smislu davanja prijedloga za poboljšanje vanjskog i unutarnjeg prostora kaznenih tijela te mogućnost davanja sugestija, prijedloga i savjeta provoditeljima projekta, a sve u svrhu kvalitetnijeg osmišljavanja budućih projekata sličnih sadržaja.

Upitnik zadovoljstva provedenim radionicama u Odgojnom zavodu u Turopolju sastojao se od 10 varijabli te je također nudio mogućnost upisivanja sugestija i dojmova s radionica.

Metode obrade podataka

Podaci su obrađeni u programu SPSS for Windows v27 metodama deskriptivne analize i hi-kvadrat testom za utvrđivanje razlika u percepciji prostora od strane zatvorenika i službenika u odnosu na kazneno tijelo.

Budući da nisu pronađene statistički značajne razlike u percepciji prostora od strane zatvorenika i službenika u odnosu na kazneno tijelo, podaci će biti prikazani kumulativno za sva kaznena tijela, a u okviru tri cjeline:

• Percepcija prostora od strane zatvorenika – prije i nakon izvođenja likovnih intervencija

• Percepcija prostora od strane službenika – prije i nakon izvođenja likovnih intervencija

• Zadovoljstvo provedenim radionicama u Odgojnom zavodu u Turopolju

Percepcija prostora od strane zatvorenika – Kaznionica u Lepoglavi, Zatvor u Osijeku i Zatvor u Karlovcu

Prije izvođenja likovnih intervencija

Istraživanje percepcije prostora kaznenih tijela obuhvatilo je 48 počinitelja kaznenih djela. Iz Grafa 1 vidljivo je da su u uzorku najzastupljeniji zatvorenici iz Kaznionice u Lepoglavi. Najveći broj ispitanika u uzorku muškog je spola (93,8 %). To je bilo za očekivati jer, kao što je rečeno, većina ispitanika dolazi iz Kaznionice u Lepoglavi u kojoj kaznu zatvora izdržavaju muški počinitelji (41,7 %). Osim toga, udio muških počinitelja u kaznenim tijelima općenito je puno veći u odnosu na počiniteljice kaznenih djela. U ovom uzorku žene su zastupljene sa 6,2 %. U uzorku su najzastupljeniji ispitanici mlađi od 30 godina (35,4 %) te u dobnoj skupini između 31 i 40 godina (28 %). Najveći broj ispitanika ima završenu srednju školu (68,6 %).

Graf 1

Zastupljenost ispitanika u uzorku prema kaznenim tijelima

Zastupljenost ispitanika prema kaznenim tijelima

Zatvor u Osijeku

Zatvor u Karlovcu Kaznionica u Lepoglavi

Kako je vidljivo iz Grafa 2, većina ispitanika smatra da je prostor kaznenog tijela u kojemu izdržavaju kaznu odbojan (44 %) i nezanimljiv (35 %), dok svega mali broj ispitanika definira navedeni prostor ugodnim.

Definiranje prostora kaznenih tijela prije oslikavanja zidova

Kako biste definirali prostor kaznenog tijela?

praznim odbojnim nezanimljivim ugodnim

Velik broj ispitanika (81,2 %) smatra da bi se izvođenjem likovnih intervencija u prostorima kaznenih tijela doprinijelo boljoj prilagodbi na zatvorske uvjete.

Većina ispitanika (75 %) razmišljala je o unutarnjem i vanjskom preuređenju kaznenih tijela (npr. bojanje zidova, promjena boje stolarije, ulaganje u novi namještaj i slično), a njih 83,4 % smatra da je unutarnje i vanjsko preuređenje vrlo važno te prijeko potrebno.

Osim toga, velika većina ispitanika (89,6 %) suglasna je s tvrdnjom da bi oslikavanje zidova kaznenog tijela doprinijelo osjećaju ugode prilikom boravka u tom prostoru te da bi se izvođenjem likovnih intervencija u prostorima kaznenih tijela doprinijelo boljoj prilagodbi na zatvorske uvjete, ali i smanjenju stresa (81,2 %).

Zaključno, a u skladu s ostalim odgovorima, 84 % ispitanih počinitelja kaznenih djela podržava inicijativu projekta Boje stvarnosti za oslikavanje zidova u prostorima kaznenih tijela.

Budući da su upitnici za ispitivanje percepcije prostora nudili mogućnost davanja komentara i prijedloga vezanih uz inicijativu

oslikavanja prostora kaznenih tijela, neki od ispitanika su iskoristili navedenu mogućnost i svojim komentarima i sugestijama doprinijeli ovom istraživanju:

• „Bilo bi dobro koristiti žive boje, uložiti u uređenje TV sala i tehniku... stvoriti osjećaj doma.“ (Kaznionica u Lepoglavi)

• „Nemam posebnih ideja, ali bilo kakva promjena je dobro došla zbog monotonije.“ (Kaznionica u Lepoglavi)

• „Zid hodnika ispred crkve oslikati sakralnim motivima, a zid muzičke sekcije oslikati motivima iz glazbe.“ (Kaznionica u Lepoglavi)

• „Što više cvjetnih grafita, veselih boja s određenim motivima.“ (Kaznionica u Lepoglavi)

• „Potrebno je obojati zidove, urediti kupaonice i čajne kuhinje kao i TV salu.“ (Kaznionica u Lepoglavi)

• „Samo naprijed uz podršku svih nas, čak bih i pomogao.“ (Kaznionica u Lepoglavi)

• „Mislim da je bitnije urediti spavaonice i stolariju.“ (Zatvor u Karlovcu)

• „Potrebno je pokrečiti sve zidove i srediti tuševe.“ (Zatvor u Karlovcu)

• „I zlatni kavez je ipak kavez.“ (Zatvor u Osijeku)

Ovdje je potrebno naglasiti da je određeni broj ispitanika iskoristio priliku naglasiti kako je, osim oslikavanja zidova, nužno voditi brigu i o ostalim segmentima prostornog uređenja kao što je promjena krova koji prokišnjava, promjena dotrajalog namještaja, zamjena tuševa, uređenje stubišta i prizemlja na Zvijezdi u Kaznionici u Lepoglavi i slično.

Doživljaj prostora nakon izvođenja likovnih intervencija

Ispitivanje percepcije prostora nakon izvedenih likovnih intervencija uključilo je 47 muških zatvorenika iz tri kaznena tijela –Kaznionice u Lepoglavi (45,7 %), Zatvora u Karlovcu (32,6 %) i Zatvora u Osijeku (21,7 %). U uzorku su najzastupljeniji ispitanici u dobi do 30 godina (37 %) te u dobi između 31 i 40 godina (22 %) sa završenom srednjom školom (80 %).

Nakon što su umjetnici izveli likovne intervencije u prostoru (oslikavanje zidova kaznenih tijela), ispitanici su u velikom broju (83 %) izjavili da su navedene intervencije pozitivno utjecale na osjećaj ugode prilikom boravka u prostoru te da im je sada ljepše boraviti u tom prostoru (76 % ispitanika).

Graf 3

Definiranje prostora kaznenih tijela nakon oslikavanja zidova

Kako biste definirali prostor nakon oslikavanja zidova?

Kao što je vidljivo iz Grafa 3, velika većina zatvorenika (61 %) nakon oslikavanja zidova smatra da je prostor kaznenog tijela ugodniji te ispunjeniji i zanimljiviji (22 %).

Jednako tako, 83 % zatvorenika smatra da je provođenje likovnih intervencija u kaznenom tijelu u kojemu su na odsluženju kazne zatvora bila dobra ideja te da je bilo prijeko potrebno.

Nakon oslikavanja zidova, zatvorenici su zamoljeni da, nakon odmaka od nekoliko tjedana, procijene utjecaj provedenih likovnih intervencija na neke aspekte svoga boravka u kaznenom tijelu. Pa je tako 84 % zatvorenika izjavilo da se sada osjeća ugodnije u prostoru, a 78,6 % ih smatra da su provedene likovne intervencije utjecale na smanjenje stresa. Gotovo 83 % ispitanika smatra da bi trebalo oslikati i ostala kaznena tijela u zatvorskom sustavu Republike Hrvatske.

Komentari i sugestije ispitanika nakon izvedenih likovnih intervencija:

• „S obzirom na motiv na zidu u hodniku knjižnice, tj. 3A odjel – on je hladan i ne uklapa se u ovakvu vrstu ustanove. Nama je ovdje potrebno potaknuti serotonin sreće i radost, a to je uspješno napravljeno na 4A odjelu.“ (Kaznionica u Lepoglavi)

• „Moje mišljenje je da bi prostor trebalo oslikati živopisnim slikama jer ih smatram privlačnim za gledanje, a to bi bili npr. nekakvi likovi, životinje, priroda, jer takve slike stvaraju ugodnu atmosferu.“ (Kaznionica u Lepoglavi)

praznim odbojnim nezanimljivim ugodnim ispunjenim i zanimljivim

• „Bilo bi dobro oslikati veći dio Kaznionice. Osobito odjele gdje zatvorenici provode najviše vremena. Tu mislim na TV sale i hodnike na odjelima.“ (Kaznionica u Lepoglavi)

• „Oslikavanje je bilo super! Oslikajte još zidova, a ne samo jedan. Može i prostorije tretmana i TV sale.“ (Kaznionica u Lepoglavi)

• „Smatram da bi trebalo još više ovakvih oslikavanja kako bi se razbila monotonija i dodala svježina u prostor.“ (Kaznionica u Lepoglavi)

• „Predlažem da se još oslika zid u kuhinji i zatvorskoj blagovaonici“ (Kaznionica u Lepoglavi)

• „Nastavite, svaka pohvala za trud!“ (Kaznionica u Lepoglavi)

• „Zahvaljujemo se svim ljudima koji su trošili svoje vrijeme da bi se ovaj prostor učinio ugodnijim!“ (Kaznionica u Lepoglavi)

• „U potpunosti se slažem s oslikavanjem i drugih kaznionica jer se ugodnije osjećam.“ (Zatvor u Osijeku)

Iz komentara zatvorenika jasno je vidljivo da su zadovoljni idejom oslikavanja zidova te da imaju prijedloge u kojem bi smjeru trebalo nastaviti s likovnim intervencijama u prostoru – ispitanici iz Kaznionice u Lepoglavi jasno su naveli što bi još trebalo oslikati.

Percepcija prostora od strane službenika zatvorskog sustava –Kaznionica u Lepoglavi, Zatvor u Osijeku i Zatvor u Karlovcu

Prije izvođenja likovnih intervencija

U ispitivanju percepcije prostora kaznenih tijela prije izvođenja likovnih intervencija sudjelovalo je 50 službenika, od toga 40 % iz Kaznionice u Lepoglavi, 34 % iz Zatvora u Karlovcu i 26 % iz Zatvora u Osijeku (Graf 4), u jednakom omjeru žene i muškarci.

Najveći broj ispitanih službenika bio je dobi između 41 i 50 godina (44 % ispitanika), a 29 % ispitanika bilo je dobi između 51 i 60 godina. U ispitanom uzorku najviše ispitanika dolazilo je iz Odjela osiguranja (44 %) te Odjela tretmana (30 %), kako je prikazano u Grafu 5.

Graf 4

Udio ispitanika s obzirom na kazneno tijelo

Zastupljenost ispitanika prema kaznenim tijelima

Zatvor u Osijeku

Zatvor u Karlovcu

Kaznionica u Lepoglavi

Graf 5

Udio ispitanika s obzirom na odjel u kojemu su zaposleni

Zastupljenost ispitanika prema odjelima

Odjel upravnih poslova

Odjel tretmana

Odjel osiguranja

Odjel zdravstvene zaštite zatvorenika

Odjel financijsko-knjigovodstvenih poslova

Kako je vidljivo iz Grafa 6, većina ispitanih službenika smatra prostor kaznenog tijela u kojem su zaposleni nezanimljivim, praznim i odbojnim. Da je prostor u kojem rade ugodan, smatra 14 % ispitanika, uglavnom iz Odjela osiguranja. S obzirom na ovakav doživljaj prostora, ne začuđuju rezultati koji pokazuju da je 68 % ispitanika već razmišljalo o unutarnjem i vanjskom preuređenju prostora, a njih 82 % smatra da je preuređenje prostora kaznenog tijela u kojem rade vrlo važno te prijeko potrebno.

Graf 6

Definiranje prostora kaznenih tijela prije oslikavanja zidova

Kako biste definirali prostor kaznenog tijela prije oslikavanja zidova?

Više od polovice ispitanika (68 %) smatra da bi se izvođenjem likovnih intervencija (oslikavanjem zidova) u prostoru kaznenih tijela doprinijelo osjećaju ugode prilikom boravka u tom prostoru, a 64 % smatra da bi oslikavanje bilo korisno i za bolju prilagodbu zatvorenika na zatvorske uvjete. Da bi likovne intervencije potaknule bolju atmosferu i smanjile razinu stresa u ustanovi, smatra 68 % ispitanih službenika. Ispitanici koji se ne slažu s navedenim tvrdnjama zastupljeni su u manjem omjeru (od 12 do 16 %) i uglavnom dolaze iz redova Odjela osiguranja.

Velika većina ispitanih službenika (84 %) podržava inicijativu projekta Boje stvarnosti za oslikavanje zidova u prostorima kaznenih tijela.

U upitnicima percepcije prostora i službenici kaznenih tijela imali su mogućnost davanja komentara i sugestija te su neki od njih to i iskoristili. U Upitniku percepcije prostora prije izvođenja likovnih intervencija službenici su se izjasnili sljedećim komentarima:

• „U Kaznionici u Lepoglavi ima veći broj zatvorenika koji su i u dosadašnjim aktivnostima slobodnog vremena pokazali talent vezan uz crtanje i slikanje te smatram kako bi angažiranje takvih zatvorenika znatno pridonijelo svrhovitom korištenju slobodnog vremena, razvoju njihovog talenta i oplemenjivanju prostora zatvoreničke nastambe.“ (Odjel tretmana Kaznionice u Lepoglavi)

• „Boje utječu na raspoloženje ljudi. U ugodnom prostoru čovjek se bolje osjeća, a zatvorenici ovdje provode u prosjeku 13,6 godina. Kada sam loše, uvijek mi dobro dođe nečiji osmijeh koji ništa ne košta, ali i bilo kakva lijepa stvar koju primijetim. E, ta lijepa stvar može

praznim odbojnim nezanimljivim ugodnim ispunjenim i zanimljivim

biti i nekakva slika. Mi imamo rezbarije u Kaznionici (čovječuljke), ja ih nerijetko malo pomilujem jer mi djeluju tužno. Trebamo vesele boje i vesele slike u Kaznionici...“ (Odjel tretmana Kaznionice u Lepoglavi)

• „Prije bojanja zidova potrebno je na šetalištu promijeniti prozore kroz koje se vizualno nadziru zatvorenici.“ (Odjel osiguranja Kaznionice u Lepoglavi)

• „Prije bojanja zidova potrebno je uložiti u sigurnosni aspekt: primjerice, promjena električnih instalacija, građevinski radovi, promjena rešetki i slično.“ (Odjel osiguranja Kaznionice u Lepoglavi)

• „Potrebno je bojanje zidova u vanjskom i unutarnjem prostoru Zatvora, promjena stolarije, promjena namještaja.“ (Odjel financijsko-knjigovodstvenih poslova Zatvora u Karlovcu)

• „Potrebna je kompletna adaptacija radi energetske učinkovitosti.“ (Odjel osiguranja Zatvora u Karlovcu)

• „Promijeniti upravnu zgradu u estetskom i funkcionalnom smislu.“ (Zatvor u Osijeku)

• „Promjena fasade, namještaja, prozora, parketa, pločica, kompletna rekonstrukcija toaleta, bojanje zidova...“ (Zatvor u Osijeku)

• „Urediti unutarnje zidove uprave Zatvora, urediti vanjske zidove na tzv. šetnji zatvorenika radi vizualnog poboljšanja uvjeta života zatvorenika.“ (Zatvor u Osijeku)

Iz navedenih komentara službenika vidljivo je da se jednim dijelom poklapaju s komentarima samih zatvorenika, osobito u dijelu kompletne adaptacije prostora i ulaganja u stolariju i rekonstrukciju toaleta. Iako projekt Boje stvarnosti ne obuhvaća dio koji se odnosi na promjenu vanjske i unutarnje stolarije, zamjenu instalacija, pločica i slično, bitno je naglasiti i ovaj aspekt uređenja jer svakako utječe na doživljaj prostora i atmosferu u kaznenim tijelima.

Nakon izvođenja likovnih intervencija

U ispitivanju percepcije prostora nakon izvedenih likovnih intervencija sudjelovala su 44 službenika. Najviše ispitanika bilo je iz Kaznionice u Lepoglavi (43 %), nakon čega slijede Zatvor u Karlovcu (31,8 %) i Zatvor u Osijeku (25 %). U ispitivanom uzorku bilo je 47,8 % muškaraca i 52,2 % žena, najviše u dobi između 41 i 50 godina (43 % ispitanika), a 26 % ispitanika bilo je u dobi između 51 i 60 godina. Kako je vidljivo iz Grafa 7, najveći broj ispitanih službenika radi u Odjelu osiguranja (43,2 %) te u Odjelu tretmana (25 %).

Graf 7

Udio ispitanika s obzirom na odjel u kojemu su zaposleni

Zastupljenost ispitanika prema odjelima

Odjel upravnih poslova

Odjel tretmana

Odjel osiguranja

Odjel zdravstvene

zaštite zatvorenika

Odjel financijsko-knjigovodstvenih poslova

Službenici zatvorskog sustava upitani su o načinu na koji doživljavaju prostor kaznenog tijela u kojemu rade nakon izvedenih likovnih intervencija. Velika većina (80 %) smatra da su navedene intervencije pozitivno utjecale na osjećaj ugode prilikom boravka u tom prostoru, dok 16 % ispitanika to ne može procijeniti. Nakon oslikavanja zidova, većina ispitanika sada drugačije percipira prostor, na način da 48 % ispitanika sada procjenjuje prostor kaznenog tijela ugodnim, a 36,4 % ispunjenim i zanimljivim (Graf 8). Tek mali broj ispitanika (4,5 %) smatra da je prostor isti kao i prije oslikavanja. Velika većina službenika (82,4 %) također smatra da je oslikavanje zidova u prostorima kaznenog tijela u kojemu su zaposleni bila dobra ideja te da je prijeko potrebno.

Graf 8

Definiranje prostora kaznenih tijela nakon oslikavanja zidova

Kako biste definirali prostor nakon oslikavanja zidova?

odbojnim nezanimljivim ugodnim ispunjenim i zanimljivim isti kao i prije oslikavanja

Ispitanici su zamoljeni da procijene, nakon vremenskog odmaka, utjecaj likovnih intervencija na neke aspekte njihovog boravka u tom prostoru te je 75 % ispitanih službenika izjavilo da je oslikavanje zidova pridonijelo osjećaju ugode prilikom boravka u prostoru, a 78 % službenika je mišljenja da su intervencije utjecale na smanjenje stresa i bolju atmosferu. U skladu s navedenim, 77 % ispitanika smatra da bi trebalo oslikati i ostala kaznena tijela u Republici Hrvatskoj.

Bitno je za napomenuti da ne postoje statistički značajne razlike u percepciji prostora prije i nakon oslikavanja zidova s obzirom na kaznena tijela čiji su prostori oslikani unutar ovog projekta. Na razini deskripcije, mogu se uočiti razlike u percepciji prostora s obzirom na odjel u kojemu su službenici zaposleni i to na način da službenici iz Odjela osiguranja imaju nešto negativnije stavove prema oslikavanju prostora kaznenih tijela i u većoj mjeri smatraju da takvo nešto nije potrebno. Ovakvi stavovi izraženiji su kod muških ispitanika u odnosu na ženske ispitanike iz istog odjela. Navedeni rezultati su očekivani i u skladu sa rezultatima svih prethodnih istraživanja percepcije prostora kaznenih tijela prije i nakon oslikavanja, a mogu se objasniti retributivnijim stavovima službenika Odjela osiguranja u odnosu na službenike

Odjela tretmana kod kojih je više izražena rehabilitativna komponenta zbog prirode posla. No, ipak se mogu primijetiti mali (ali značajni) pomaci u stavovima Odjela osiguranja. Naime, rezultati ovog projekta ukazuju na (ipak) manji postotak službenika Odjela osiguranja koji iskazuju negativne stavove prema ovakvim i sličnim projektima. Možda je to zbog činjenice da se projekti oslikavanja prostora kaznenih tijela provode već duži niz godina u kontinuitetu pa su se i službenici kroz vrijeme malo senzibilizirali.

Komentari službenika nakon oslikavanja zidova:

„Izvrsna ideja! U kaznenim tijelima je prisutno sivilo koje je inače i u samim zatvorenicima (tuga, usamljenost). Boje, odnosno bilo što što može doprinijeti boljem osjećaju naših zatvorenika smatram prijeko potrebnim. Hvale vrijedan projekt!“

(Odjel tretmana Kaznionice u Lepoglavi)

„Projekt je za pohvaliti, ali mislim kako je u realizaciji istog potrebno uključiti i same zatvorenike.“

(Odjel tretmana Kaznionice u Lepoglavi)

„Mislim da bi se u taj projekt trebali uključiti i zatvorenici koji imaju kreativne sposobnosti s ciljem očuvanja postojećih te razvijanja novih resursa.“

(Odjel tretmana Kaznionice u Lepoglavi)

„Projekt bi bilo dobro proširiti i na ustanove socijalne skrbi.“ (Odjel tretmana Kaznionice u Lepoglavi)

„Odlično odrađen posao!“ (Odjel osiguranja Zatvora u Osijeku)

Iz komentara službenika nakon izvođenja likovnih intervencija u prostoru može se zaključiti da su zadovoljni odrađenim poslom te da se slažu s nekim komentarima zatvorenika koji su na izdržavanju kazne u Kaznionici u Lepoglavi, a koji idu u smjeru uključivanja zatvorenika u izvođenje likovnih intervencija.

Zadovoljstvo provedenim radionicama u Odgojnom zavodu u Turopolju

Radionica Grafiti su umjetnost, a ne vandalizam provedena je u rujnu 2022. godine. Izvedena u dvije grupe od po 6 sudionika, u trajanju od dva dana (izvedeno je ukupno 4 dana radionica). Koncept radionice uključio je: upoznavanje s povijesti umjetnosti grafita, upoznavanje s materijalima, izvođenje skica te izvođenje likovne intervencije pod nazivom Turopolje u mom srcu

Na radionicama koje su provedene u Odgojnom zavodu u Turopolju sudjelovalo je 12 sudionika muškog spola, prosječne dobi od 18 godina. Polovica ispitanika nema završenu osnovnu školu, a 41,7 % ih je sa završenom srednjom školom.

Više od polovice ispitanika (58 %) izjavljuje da su bili izuzetno zainteresirani za sudjelovanjem na radionicama, dok ih je 25 % bilo umjereno zainteresirano. Da ne mogu procijeniti stupanj zainteresiranosti izjavilo je 16 % ispitanika.

Važno je istaknuti da je većina ispitanika (84 %) iskazala visok stupanj zadovoljstva provedenim radionicama na kojima su sudjelovali, a 78 % ih je zadovoljno svojom aktivnošću na radionicama. Ostatak uzorka ne može procijeniti zadovoljstvo vlastitom aktivnošću.

Da su im radionice omogućile učenje novih sadržaja izjavilo je 84 % ispitanika. Važno je napomenuti da velika većina ispitanih korisnika Odgojnog zavoda u Turopolju (94 %) smatra da su ovakve radionice korisne te da bi se trebale provoditi i u budućnosti, a 83 % sudionika misli da je to dobar način provođenja slobodnog vremena u Odgojnom zavodu.

Isto tako, većina ispitanika (76 %) smatra da je sada prostor Odgojnog zavoda ugodniji za boravak dok ostali to ne mogu procijeniti.

Upitnik ispitivanja zadovoljstva provedenim radionicama, kako je već navedeno, nudio je dodatne mogućnosti davanja slobodnih komentara i sugestija na kraju. Maloljetnici su uglavnom navodili crtanje grafita kao najbolji dio radionica, a ni jedan sudionik nije iskazao loš komentar. Slijede neke od njihovih izjava:

• „Najviše mi se svidjelo kada smo bojali sprejem slova i izrađivali ih, a još više kada sam se potpisao svojim imenom… Uglavnom, lijepo sam se osjećao kada smo to crtali.“

• „Najviše mi se svidjelo to što smo pričali kako je sve krenulo s crtanjem grafita, jako je bilo zanimljivo.“

• „Najviše mi se svidjelo to što sam slikao.“

• „Najviše mi se svidjelo kada smo grafitirali.“

• „Svidjelo mi se kada je voditelj napisao moje ime.“

Iz analize rezultata jasno je vidljivo da je većina zatvorenika, ali i službenika, pozitivno doživjela oslikavanje prostora kaznenih tijela te da je percepcija prostora nakon oslikavanja bolja od percepcije prostora kakav je bio prije. Statistički značajne razlike u odnosu na kaznena tijela nisu pronađene te su rezultati kumulativno prikazani za sva kaznena tijela.

I zatvorenici i službenici smatrali su prostor prije oslikavanja uglavnom praznim, odbojnim i nezanimljivim, dok se nakon izvođenja likovnih intervencija ta percepcija promijenila te sada u većini izjavljuju da je taj prostor ugodniji za boravak, zanimljiviji i ispunjeniji. Isto tako, većina ukupnog uzorka mišljenja je da ovako oslikan prostor može doprinijeti boljoj prilagodbi zatvorenika na zatvorske uvjete, boljoj atmosferi i u konačnici smanjenju stresa. Službenici iz Odjela tretmana nešto su pozitivnije orijentirani u odnosu na službenike iz Odjela osiguranja na način da u većoj mjeri iskazuju pozitivan utjecaj likovnih intervencija na boravak u ustanovi. Međutim, ovdje se mora istaknuti da je ovo prvo istraživanje (od četiri prethodno provedena) u kojemu se primijetila i određena razina senzibiliziranosti službenika Odjela osiguranja na provođenje likovnih intervencija, što smatramo vrlo važnim i pozitivnim pomakom.

Ono što ispitanici kontinuirano navode u svojim komentarima na kraju upitnika jest važnost brige i o drugim aspektima prostora kao što je adaptacija, mijenjanje parketa i pločica, sanitarnog čvora, unutarnje i vanjske stolarije, instalacija i slično. Ove rezultate potrebno je imati na umu kod osmišljavanja politike financi-

Zaključna razmatranja

ranja kaznenih tijela te uložiti sredstva i u adaptaciju unutarnjeg i vanjskog prostora kaznenih tijela.

I ovaj projekt, kao i prethodni, dobio je zeleno svjetlo od ispitanika koji smatraju da je ovakva inicijativa oslikavanja zidova kaznenih tijela vrlo dobra ideja te preporučuju da se ovakvi projekti nastave i da se oslikaju i ostala kaznena tijela u zatvorskom sustavu Republike Hrvatske. Ispitanici su u svojim prijedlozima naveli i neke druge prostore u ustanovama koje je potrebno oslikati te se nadaju da će se to učiniti u okviru ovakvih ili sličnih projekata koji su, prema rezultatima ovog istraživanja, od neprocjenjive važnosti.

RESEARCH COMPONENT OF THE “COLOURS OF REALITY” PROJECT

Anita Jandrić Nišević, PhD Melinda Šefčić, PhD

The Colours of Reality project is the fifth project of painting murals in penal institutions in the Republic of Croatia. The first such project was implemented in 2018 at the Women’s Penitentiary in Požega under the name Exemplary Penitentiary. This was followed by Revitalization of Prison Space With Art (painting the Zagreb Prison in 2019) and Horizon of Freedom (painting the murals in the Penitentiary in Glina and Prison Hospital in 2020). The Freedom of Creation project was implemented in 2021 and included the largest number of penal institutions to date (prisons in Rijeka and Bjelovar, Penitentiary and Correctional Institution in Turopolje and the Probation Office Zagreb I). The analysis of the perception of the prison environment by employees and inmates before and after the implementation of the artistic interventions in these penal institutions provided insight into the importance and necessity of such projects in the Croatian prison system. Both the inmates and prison staff largely agreed that the artistic interventions positively affected the atmosphere, reduced stress, and increased the feeling of comfort, which resulted in the creation of a better working environment and reduced¬ burnout of the staff. It also encouraged positive attitudes towards life for the inmates and helped them better adapt to prison life. Since the majority of both inmates and staff supported the continuation of the initiative to paint murals in other penal institutions as well, the Colours of Reality project continued the tradition of painting the murals on the walls of penal institutions, and so the prisons in Osijek and Karlovac and the Penitentiary in Lepoglava were included in the project. In addition, this project offered something new compared to the previous ones as it also includ-

ed workshops for the inmates in the Correctional Institution in Turopolje and the Prison in Karlovac, who expressed interest in such activities in the previous project.

Research Goal

The main goal of the research component of the Colours of Reality project was to gain insight into the perception of the prison environment by inmates and prison staff of the Prison in Osijek, the Prison in Karlovac and the Penitentiary in Lepoglava, with the aim of improving the general living conditions in the said premises, both for the inmates and prison staff. The perception of the prison environment was examined before and after performing the artistic interventions (painting the murals). Additionally, a workshop was held in the Prison in Karlovac and the Correctional Institution in Turopolje in order to provide constructive leisure activities for the inmates as well as to develop their artistic potential.

Respondent Sample

The sample of respondents consisted of a total of 48 inmates from the Prison in Osijek, the Prison in Karlovac and the Penitentiary in Lepoglava, as well as 12 inmates from the Correctional Institution in Turopolje who participated in the workshops. The sample also included 50 staff members from the Prison in Osijek, the Prison in Karlovac and the Penitentiary in Lepoglava. A more detailed analysis of the sample will be presented in the following sections of the report.

Method of Data Collection

Data on the perception of the prison environment before performing artistic interventions were collected during August 2022 (the Prison in Karlovac), September 2022 (the Prison in Osijek) and January 2023 (the Penitentiary in Lepoglava). The data relating to the perception of the prison environment after performing artistic interventions were collected during September 2022 (the Prison in Karlovac), October 2022 (the Prison in Osijek) and February 2023 (the Penitentiary in Lepoglava). The prison staff involved in the project participated in the data collection through a survey questionnaire. The principles of voluntariness and anonymity were respected during their participation in the research, and the participants were informed that the data would be used solely for scientific purposes and for the purpose of improving the conditions of imprisonment.

Measurement Instruments

Several questionnaires were created in order to obtain data on the perception of the prison environment, taking into account the specificities of each institution as well as the specificities of the sample of respondents:

• Questionnaire on the perception of the prison environment for inmates in the Prison in Osijek - before and after performing artistic interventions.

• Questionnaire on the perception of the prison environment for prison officers in the Prison in Osijek - before and after performing artistic interventions.

• Questionnaire on the perception of the prison environment for inmates in the Prison in Karlovac - before and after performing artistic interventions.

• Questionnaire on the perception of the prison environment for prison officers in the Prison in Karlovac - before and after performing artistic interventions.

• Questionnaire on the perception of the prison environment for inmates in the Penitentiary in Lepoglava - before and after performing artistic interventions.

• Questionnaire on the perception of the prison environment for prison officers in the Penitentiary in Lepoglava - before and after performing artistic interventions.

• Satisfaction questionnaire for the workshops conducted with minors in the Correctional Institution in Turopolje.

The questionnaires administered before implementing the artistic interventions consisted of 12 variables, while those examining the perception of the prison environment after painting the murals consisted of 10 variables and were the same for all penal institutions. It should be noted that, in addition to structured variables, the survey questionnaires also included open-ended questions in terms of providing suggestions for improving the external and internal spaces of penal institutions and the possibility of giving suggestions, proposals and advice to the project implementers, for the purpose of better designing future projects of similar content.

The satisfaction questionnaire for the workshops conducted at the Correctional Institution in Turopolje consisted of 10 variables and also included the possibility of entering suggestions and impressions from the workshops.

Data Processing Methods

The data were processed using the SPSS for Windows v27 software, employing methods of descriptive analysis and chi-square test to determine the differences in the perception of the prison environment by the inmates and prison officers across different penal institutions.

Since no statistically significant differences were found in the perception of the prison environment by the inmates and prison officers across different penal institutions, the data is presented cumulatively for all penal institutions, in three units:

• Perception of the prison environment by inmatesbefore and after artistic interventions

• Perception of the prison environment by prison staffbefore and after artistic interventions

• Satisfaction with the workshops held at the Correctional Institution in Turopolje

Perception of the Prison Environment by Inmates - Penitentiary in Lepoglava, Prison in Osijek and Prison in Karlovac

Before performing artistic interventions

The survey on the perception of the prison environment of penal institutions included 48 offenders. As shown in Graph 1, inmates from the Penitentiary in Lepoglava were the most represented in the sample. The majority of respondents in the sample were male (93.8), which was to be expected since the majority of respondents came from the Penitentiary in Lepoglava, where male offenders serve their prison sentences (41.7%). Additionally, the share of male offenders in penal institutions was much higher compared to female offenders. In this sample, women were represented with only 6.2%. The most represented age group in the sample were offenders under the age of 30 (35.4%) and those aged between 31 and 40 (28%). The majority of respondents completed high school (68.6%).

Graph 1

Representation of respondents in the sample across the penal institutions

Representation of respondents across the penal institutions

Prison in Osijek

Prison in Karlovac

Penitentiary in Lepoglava

As shown in Graph 2, the majority of respondents saw the premises of the penal institution where they were serving their sentence as unpleasant (44%) and uninteresting (35%), while only a small number of respondents would define the said premises as pleasant.

Graph 2

Describing the premises of penal institutions before painting the murals

How would you describe the premises of the penal institution?

A large number of respondents (81.2%) believed that performing artistic interventions in the premises of penal institutions would contribute to a better adaptation to prison life.

The majority of respondents (75%) considered the interior and exterior renovation of penal institutions (e.g., painting the murals, changing the colour of doors and windows, investing in new furniture, etc.), and 83.4% of them believed that interior and exterior renovation was very important and urgently needed.

Furthermore, a vast majority of respondents (89.6%) agreed with the statement that painting the murals on the walls of a penal institution would contribute to a sense of comfort when staying in that space and that performing artistic interventions in the premises of penal institutions would contribute to a better adaptation to prison life, as well as reducing stress (81.2%).

In conclusion, and in line with other responses, 84% of surveyed offenders supported the initiative of the project Colours of Reality to paint the murals in the premises of penal institutions.

Since the questionnaires on the perception of the prison environment provided the opportunity to give comments and suggestions related to the initiative of painting murals on the walls of penal institutions, some of the respondents took advantage of this opportunity and contributed to this research with their comments and suggestions:

• “It would be good to use bright colours, invest in the renovation of the TV room and technology... create a feeling of home.” (Penitentiary in Lepoglava)

• “I don’t have any particular ideas, but any change is welcome because it is monotonous.” (Penitentiary in Lepoglava)

• “On the wall in the hallway in front of the church, paint sacred motifs, and on the wall of the music section, paint musical motifs.” (Penitentiary in Lepoglava)

• “As much floral graffiti as possible, cheerful colours with certain motifs.” (Penitentiary in Lepoglava)

• “It is necessary to paint the walls, renovate the bathrooms and kitchenettes as well as the TV room.” (Penitentiary in Lepoglava)

• “Keep going, we all support you, I would even help.” (Penitentiary in Lepoglava)

• “I think it is more important to renovate the dormitories and the doors and windows.” (Prison in Karlovac)

• “It is necessary to repaint all the walls and fix the showers.” (Prison in Karlovac)

• “A gilded cage is still a cage.” (Prison in Osijek)

It should be noted that a certain number of respondents took the opportunity to emphasize that, in addition to painting the murals, it was also necessary to take care of other aspects of spatial planning, such as fixing a leaky roof, replacing worn-out furniture, replacing showers, renovating the staircase and the ground floor at Zvijezda in Penitentiary in Lepoglava and the like.

The experience of the prison environment after performing artistic interventions

The survey on the perception of the prison environment after the performed artistic interventions included 47 male inmates in three penal institutions - Penitentiary in Lepoglava (45.7%), Prison in Karlovac (32.6%) and Prison in Osijek (21.7%). In the sample, the most represented respondents were under the age of 30 (37%) and between the ages of 31 and 40 (22%) with completed secondary education (80%).

After the artists performed artistic interventions in the premises (painting the murals in the penal institutions), a large number of respondents (83%) stated that the said interventions had a positive impact on the feeling of comfort during their stay in the premises and that they felt more comfortable in that space (76% of the respondents).

Graph 3

Describing the premises of penal institutions after painting the murals

How would you describe the premises after painting the murals?

As visible from Graph 3, a large majority of inmates (61%) be

lieved that after the walls were painted, the space of the penal institution became more pleasant, fulfilling and interesting (22%).

Similarly, 83% of inmates believed that performing artistic interventions in the penal institution where they were serving their prison sentences was a good idea and that was much needed. After the walls were painted, the inmates were asked to evaluate the impact of the artistic interventions on certain aspects of their stay in prison, after a few weeks had passed. Thus, 84% of the inmates stated that they felt more comfortable in these premises, and 78.6% of them believed that the implemented artistic interventions reduced their stress levels. Nearly 83% of the respondents believed that the other penal institutions in the prison system of the Republic of Croatia should also be painted.

Comments and suggestions from respondents after performing artistic interventions:

• “Considering the motif on the wall in the library hallway, i.e., ward 3A - it is cold and does not fit in this type of institution. We need to stimulate the serotonin of happiness and joy here, and that was successfully done in ward 4A.” (Penitentiary in Lepoglava)

• “In my opinion, the walls should be painted with vibrant images, because I find them pleasant to look at, and that would include, for example, some characters, animals, nature, because such images create a pleasant atmosphere.” (Penitentiary in Lepoglava)

• “It would be good to paint a larger part of the Penitentiary. Especially the wards where inmates spend the most time. I’m referring to the TV rooms and hallways in the wards.” (Penitentiary in Lepoglava)

• “The painting process was great! Decorate more walls, not just one. Treatment rooms and TV rooms can also be decorated.” (Penitentiary in Lepoglava)

• “I think there should be more such murals to break the monotony and add freshness to the space.” (Penitentiary in Lepoglava)

• “I suggest painting the wall in the kitchen and the prison dining room” (Penitentiary in Lepoglava)

• “Keep going, congratulations on your efforts!” (Penitentiary in Lepoglava)

• “We would like to thank all the people who invested their time to make this space more pleasant!” (Penitentiary in Lepoglava)

The inmates’ comments clearly show that they were satisfied with the idea of painting the murals and had suggestions in which direction artistic interventions in the space should be continued - the respondents from the Penitentiary in Lepoglava clearly stated which part of the building they think still needed to be decorated.

Perception of the prison environment by prison system officers - Penitentiary in Lepoglava, Prison in Osijek and Prison in Karlovac

Before performing artistic interventions

Fifty officers participated in the survey on the perception of the premises of the penal institutions before performing artistic interventions, of which 40% were from the Penitentiary in Lepoglava, 34% from the Prison in Karlovac and 26% from the Prison in Osijek (Graph 4), with an equal ratio of women and men. The largest number of respondents were between 41 and 50 years old (44% of respondents), and 29% were between 51 and 60 years old. The highest number of respondents worked in the Department of Security (44%) and in the Treatment Department (30%), as shown in Graph 5.

Graph 4

Share of respondents with regard to the penal institution

Distribution of respondents with regard to the penal institution

Prison in Osijek

Prison in Karlovac

Penitentiary in Lepoglava

•

“I fully agree with painting other penitentiaries because I feel more comfortable” (Prison in Osijek)

Graph 5

Share of respondents with regard to the department in which they are employed

As can be seen from Graph 6, the majority of the surveyed officers saw the premises of the penal institutions where they worked as uninteresting, empty and repulsive. Only 14% of the respondents, mainly from the Department of Security, see their workplace as pleasant. Given this perception of the prison environment, it is not surprising that 68% of respondents thought about interior and exterior redesign, and 82% of them thought that the redesign of the space of the penal institution where they work was very important and urgently needed.

Graph 6

Describing the premises of penal institutions before painting the murals

How would you describe the premises of the penal institution before painting the murals?

More than half of the respondents (68%) believed that performing artistic interventions (painting the murals) in the penal institutions would contribute to a sense of comfort during their stay in that space, and 64% believed that this would also be useful for better adaptation of inmates to prison life. 68% of the surveyed officers believed that artistic interventions would promote a better atmosphere and reduce the level of stress in the institution. Respondents who did not agree with these statements were represented in a smaller proportion (12 - 16%) and mainly came from the ranks of the Department of Security.

The vast majority of surveyed officers (84%) supported the initiative of the Colours of Reality project to paint murals in the premises of penal institutions.

In the space perception questionnaires, the officials of the penal institutions also had the opportunity to give comments and suggestions, and some of them took advantage of it. In the Space Perception Questionnaire before performing artistic interventions, the officers expressed themselves through the following comments:

• “There is a larger number of inmates in the Penitentiary in Lepoglava who have shown talent in drawing and painting during their free time activities, and I believe that engaging such inmates would significantly contribute to the purposeful use of their free time, development of their talent, and enriching the space of the prison cell.”

(Treatment Department, Penitentiary in Lepoglava)

• “Colours affect people’s mood. A person feels better in a pleasant space, and inmates spend an average of 13.6 years here. When I feel bad, someone’s smile that costs nothing always helps me, but also any nice thing I notice. Well, that beautiful thing can also be a painting. We have carvings in the Penitentiary (figurines), I often pet them because they seem sad to me. We need cheerful colours and cheerful paintings in the Penitentiary...” (Treatment Department, Penitentiary in Lepoglava)

• “Before painting the murals, the windows on the walkway through which the inmates are visually monitored need to be changed.” (Department of Security, Penitentiary in Lepoglava)

• “Before painting the murals, it is necessary to invest in the security aspect, such as changing electrical installations, construction works, changing bars and the like.” (Department of Security, Penitentiary in Lepoglava)

• “It is necessary to paint the walls in the outdoor and indoor spaces of the Prison, change the windows and doors, change the furniture.” (Department of Financial Accounting, Prison in Karlovac)

• “Complete adaptation for energy efficiency is needed.” (Department of Security, Prison in Karlovac)

• “To change the administrative building in terms of aesthetics and functionality.” (Prison in Osijek)

• “Renovating the facade, furniture, windows, parquet, tiles, complete reconstruction of toilets, painting walls...” (Prison in Osijek)

• “Renovate the interior walls of the Prison Administration, renovate the external walls on the so-called inmates’ walkway in order to visually improve the living conditions of inmates.” (Prison in Osijek)

From the above comments made by the officers, it is apparent that they partly coincide with the comments of the inmates, especially in regard to the complete adaptation of the space and investment in windows and doors and reconstruction of toilets. Although the Colours of Reality project does not include the aspect related to replacing the external and internal doors and windows, installations, tiles and the like, it is important to emphasize this aspect of the arrangement as it certainly affects the perception of the prison environment and the atmosphere in penal institutions.

After performing artistic interventions

Forty-four officers participated in the perception of the prison environment survey after the artistic interventions. The majority of respondents were from the Penitentiary in Lepoglava (43%), followed by the Prison in Karlovac (31.8%) and the Prison in Osijek (25%). The sample consisted of 47.8% men and 52.2% women, mostly aged between 41 and 50 (43% of the respondents), and 26% of the respondents aged between 51 and 60. As seen in Graph 7, the largest number of respondents worked in the Department of Security (43.2%) and the Treatment Department (25%).

Graph 7

Share of respondents with regard to the department in which they work Distribution of respondents by departments

The prison system officers were asked about the way they perceived the space of the penal institution in which they worked, after the artistic interventions were implemented, and the vast majority (80%) believed that the said interventions had a positive effect on the feeling of comfort when staying in that space, while 16% of the respondents could not assess this. After the murals were painted, the majority of respondents perceived the space differently, with 48% of respondents finding the prison space pleasant and 36.4% finding it fulfilling and interesting (Graph 8). Only a small number of respondents (4.5%) thought that the space was the same as before the murals were painted. The vast majority of officers (82.4%) also believed that painting the murals in the premises of the penal institution where they worked was a good idea and much needed.

Graph 8

Perception of the prison environment in penal institutions after painting the How would you describe the premises after painting the murals?

Respondents were asked to evaluate, after some time had passed, the impact of artistic interventions on certain aspects of their stay in these premises, and 75% of the interviewed officers stated that the painting of the murals contributed to the feeling of comfort while staying in the space, and 78% believed that the interventions had reduced stress and created a better atmosphere. In accordance with the above, 77% of respondents believed that murals should be painted in other penal institutions in the Republic of Croatia.

It is important to note that there are no statistically significant differences in the perception of the prison environment before and after the painting of the murals in the penal institutions that were part of this project. However, differences in the perception of the prison environment were observed based on the department where the officials worked. Specifically, the officers from the Department of Security had slightly more negative attitudes towards painting the murals in the penal institutions and were more likely to believe that this was not necessary. These attitudes were more pronounced among male officers compared to female officers in the same department. These results are expected and consistent with the results of all previous studies on the perception of the prison environment of penal institutions before and after mural painting and can be explained by the more retributive attitudes of the Department of Security officers compared to the Treatment Department officers, who have a more pronounced rehabilitative component due to the nature of the work. Nonetheless, there were small (but significant) shifts in the attitudes of the Department of Security. Namely, the results of this project indicate a (somewhat) lower percentage of the Department of Security officers expressing negative attitudes towards such and similar projects. Perhaps this is due to the fact that the projects of painting murals in the penal institutions have been ongoing for several years, and the officers have become more sensitized over time.

Comments of the officers after painting the murals:

“Excellent idea! Penal institutions are characterized by greyness, which is also present in the inmates themselves (sadness, loneliness). I find colours or anything that can contribute to a better feeling for our inmates, very necessary. A commendable project!” (Treatment Department, Penitentiary in Lepoglava)

“The project is praiseworthy, but I think that it is necessary to involve the inmates themselves in its implementation.”

(Treatment Department, Penitentiary in Lepoglava)

“I think that inmates with creative abilities should be involved in this project in order to preserve existing and develop new resources” (Treatment Department, Penitentiary in Lepoglava) “It would be good to extend the project to include social welfare institutions” (Treatment Department, Penitentiary in Lepoglava) “A job well done!” (Department of Security, Prison in Osijek)

From the officers’ comments after the implementation of the artistic interventions in the space, it can be concluded that they were satisfied with the work done and that they agreed with some comments made by the inmates serving their sentences in the Penitentiary in Lepoglava, which go in the direction of involving inmates in carrying out artistic interventions.

Satisfaction with the workshops held at the Correctional Institution in Turopolje

The workshop Graffiti Is Art, Not Vandalism was held in September 2022. The workshops were carried out in two groups of 6 participants each, over two days (a total of 4 days of the workshop were held). The concept of the workshop included: getting to know the history of graffiti art, getting to know materials, making sketches, and making a graffiti intervention called Turopolje in My Heart.

The workshop that was held at the Correctional Institution in Turopolje had 12 male participants with an average age of 18. Half of the respondents did not complete primary school, and 41.7% of them completed secondary school.

More than half of the respondents (58%) stated that they were extremely interested in participating in the workshops, while 25% were moderately interested. 16% of respondents were unable to assess their level of interest.

It is important to note that the majority of respondents (84%) expressed a high degree of satisfaction with the workshops they participated in, and 78% of them were satisfied with their activity at the workshops. The rest of the sample could not assess their satisfaction with their engagement.

84% of respondents stated that the workshops enabled them to learn something new. It is important to note that the vast majority of respondents at the Correctional Institution in Turopolje (94%) found such workshops useful and thought they should be held in the future, and 83% of participants thought that this was a

good way to spend their free time at the Correctional Institution.

Similarly, the majority of respondents (76%) believed that now the premises of the Correctional Institution in Turopolje were more pleasant to stay in, while the others could not assess this.

As previously mentioned, the survey on satisfaction with the held workshops also offered additional opportunities to give free comments and suggestions at the end. The minors mostly mentioned graffiti drawing as the best part of the workshops, and not a single participant made any negative comments. Following are some of their comments:

• “I liked it the most when we spray-painted the letters and made them, and even more when I tagged myself... in any case, I felt good when we were drawing that.”

• “I liked the most when we talked about how it all started with drawing graffiti, it was very interesting.”

• “What I liked most was when I was making graffiti.”

• “I liked it the most when we made graffiti.”

• “I liked it when the workshop leader tagged my name.”

Final Considerations

The analysis of the results clearly shows that the majority of inmates, as well as officers, had a positive experience with painting the murals in the penal institutions and that the perception of the prison environment after painting them was better than the perception of the prison environment as it was before. No statistically significant differences were found between penal institutions, and the results have been presented cumulatively for all penal institutions.

Both inmates and officers considered the space before the mural painting to be mostly empty, unappealing and uninteresting, while after performing the artistic interventions, this perception changed and the majority of them stated that the space was more pleasant to stay in, more interesting and engaging. Likewise, the majority of the total sample believed that a space decorated in this way could contribute to a better adaptation of inmates to prison life, a better atmosphere and, ultimately, to stress reduction. The officers from the Treatment Department were somewhat more positively oriented compared to the officers from the Department of Security, in that they expressed a more positive impact of the artistic interventions on the stay in the institution. However, it should be pointed out that this is the

first survey (out of four previously conducted) in which a certain level of sensitization of the Department of Security officers to the implementation of artistic interventions was noticed, which we consider to be a very important and positive shift.

What respondents continuously stated in their comments at the end of the questionnaire was the importance of taking care of other aspects of the space, such as adaptation, changing flooring and tiles, sanitary facilities, interior and exterior doors and windows, installations, and the like. These results need to be taken into account when designing the financing policy of penal institutions and to invest funds in the adaptation of the internal and external space of penal institutions.

This project, like the previous one, got the green light from the respondents, who thought that this initiative of painting the murals on the walls of penal institutions was a very good idea and recommended that such projects continue and that other penal institutions in the Croatian prison system be painted as well. In addition, in their suggestions, the respondents mentioned some other spaces within the institutions that needed to be painted and expressed hope that this would be done within the framework of this or similar projects, which, according to the results of this survey, are of invaluable importance.

Nakladnik/Publisher: Hrvatsko društvo likovnih umjetnika/Croatian Association of Fine Artists, Trg žrtava fašizma 16, 10 000 Zagreb, hdlu@hdlu. hr, www.hdlu.hr

Za nakladnika/For the Publisher: Tomislav Buntak, Predsjednik/President

Ravnateljica/Director:

Ivana Andabaka

Autorica i voditeljica projekta/ Project Author and Manager:

Melinda Šefčić, dr. art./PhD

Asistentica na projektu/ Project Assistant: Zrinka Bačić

Umjetnici/Artists:

Ana Ratković Sobota , Damir Sobota, Goran Rakić, Jasmina Krajačić, Krešimir Golubić, Mario Miličić, Melinda Šefčić, Monika Meglić, Nikolina Manojlović Vračar, Tea Jurišić, Valentina Supanz Marinić, Vida Meić

Istraživači/Researchers: Anita Jandrić Niševic, dr.sc./PhD, Melinda Šefčić, dr. art./PhD

Predgovor/Preface:

Melinda Šefčić, dr. art./PhD

Autori tekstova/Text Authors: Anita Jandrić Nišević, dr.sc./PhD, Melinda Šefčić, dr. art./PhD

Urednica kataloga/Catalogue Editor: Melinda Šefčić, dr. art./PhD

Vizualni identitet i grafičko oblikovanje kataloga/Visual Identity and Catalogue Design: Duje Medić

Fotografija/Photography:

Ivo Kosanović, Goran Rakić, Marko Dajak

Prijevod i lektura/ Translation and Proofreading: Zana Šaškin

Tisak/Printed by: Kerschoffset d.o.o.

Naklada/Print Run: 250

ISBN: 978-953-8098-67-3

CIP: zapis je dostupan na računalnome katalogu Nacionalne i sveučilišne knjižnice u Zagrebu pod brojem 001175234.

CIP: record is available in the computer catalogue of the National and University Library in Zagreb under the number 001175234.

Zahvale/Acknowledgments:

Ministarstvo pravosuđa i uprave Republike Hrvatske, Kaznionica u Lepoglavi, Odgojni zavod u Turopolju, Zatvor u Bjelovaru, Zatvor u Karlovcu, Zatvor u Osijeku/

Ministry of Justice and Administration of the Republic of Croatia, Penitentiary in Lepoglava, Correctional Institution in Turopolje, Prison in Bjelovar, Prison in Karlovac, Prison in Osijek

Uz potporu/Financially Supported by: Ministarstva pravosuđa i uprave Republike Hrvatske/

Ministry of Justice and Public Administration of the Republic of Croatia