Tobias' Activity & Workbook for Young Learners by Headline Books / Zoom Into Books

Morgantown Pottery in the Smithsonian Institution:

Mary Louise “Cookie” Soldo Schultz, recently retired from the Honors College at West Virginia University, has enjoyed more than a forty year career in primary, secondary and higher education. She is the recipient of numerous teaching awards and has received prestigious grants, including fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the West Virginia Humanities Council and a Quarry Farm Fellowship from the Center for Mark Twain Studies at Elmira College. Cookie holds undergraduate and graduate degrees in French Language and Literature and Art History. Her publications include a chapter entitled “Studies in France” in Blanche Lazzell: The Life and Work of an American Modernist (2004), an essay on Blanche Lazzell in the West Virginia Encyclopedia (2006) and a children’s book entitled Tobias: The Mouse in the Old Stone House (2015) which is the first in this series and has received an honorable mention in the London Book Festival and a Mom’s Choice Gold Award. She co-authored, with her husband Bernie, an instructor's manual for the sixth edition of H.W. Janson’s History of Art (2001) and a chapter entitled “Cass Gilbert and the Classical Tradition” in Cass Gilbert’s West Virginia State Capitol (2014). Her most recent publication is an essay on Blanche Lazzell in Central to Their Lives: Southern Women Artists in the Johnson Collection (2018). Cookie lives in Morgantown with her husband.

Mary Louise “Cookie” Soldo Schultz

TOBIAS’ ACTIVITY & WORKBOOK for Young Learners

The Old Stone House has a story to tell and a place in Morgantown History

Tobias’ Activity & Workbook for Young Learners by Mary Louise “Cookie” Soldo Schultz illustrated by Ashley Teets copyright ©2020 Mary Louise “Cookie” Soldo Schultz All rights reserved. This book is a work of fiction. Names, characters, places and incidents, except where noted otherwise, are products of the author’s imagination or are used fictitiously. Any other resemblance to actual people, places or events is entirely coincidental. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any other form or for any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage system, without written permission from Headline Books. To order additional copies of this book, or for book publishing information, or to contact the author: Headline Kids P. O. Box 52 Terra Alta, WV 26764 Tel: 304-789-3001 Email: mybook@headlinebooks.com www.headlinebooks.com Lucas Kelly—Design/Layout Published by Headline Books Headline Kids is an imprint of Headline Books ISBN-13: 9781951556020

P R I N T E D I N T H E U N I T E D STAT E S OF A M E R IC A

Welcome to the world of Tobias and the Old Stone House! This Activity Book opens additional paths of understanding to adults and young learners. It accompanies the series of books in which Tobias weaves the story of his ancestors with the historical facts associated with the growth of this frontier region. Whenever you see Tobias holding his monocle, this indicates a place where a discussion between a young learner and an adult may be appropriate. The ancestors of Tobias lived in a world very different from ours today. When the early settlers arrived in this part of Western Virginia, they found that the Native Americans were living in a land that was densely forested and mountainous. Rivers, streams and footpaths provided access into this western frontier. Isolated settlements began to form along with those of the natives and gradually towns would begin to flourish. The map on the following page shows where the settlers had gathered by 1776 and also indicates the location where a place called Morgan’s Town would be established in 1785.

Let’s get started!

The Monongahela Country—1776 By looking closely at the map on the previous page, we can begin to visualize where the rivers, streams, mountain ranges and settlements were located in the Monongahela Country of 1776. 1.

How many states do you see? What are their names?

Is West Virginia a state at this time?

We have been reading about Tobias, a mouse who is the keeper of the history of this area through journals left to him by his ancestors. Do you see Morgantown on this map?

This is a time on the frontier where there were very few towns. Look closely and you might find Beeson Town. Beeson Town is called Uniontown today. It was here in the home of Theophilus Phillips that the first Monongalia County Court was held from 1776 until 1783 when it was relocated to the home of Zackquill Morgan at the mouth of Decker’s Creek. Zackquill Morgan is the founder of Morgan’s Town and you will be learning a little more about him in a few pages.

By looking at the map, can you discover where people settled on the frontier if they were not living in towns?

Why would people want to live in these places?

Can you find one of these places that you and your family may have visited?

How many rivers do you see?

Point to the Monongahela River.

10. How did people travel at this time? Compare the way in which we travel today to the way in which frontier people traveled. 11. Slide your finger along the Monongahela River starting at Fort Pitt and moving south and stopping at the Forks of Cheat. The new town of Morgan’s Town will be established close by this location in 1785.

It all started as a space, Now the space has become a place! 5

Zackquill Morgan, Founder of Morgantown Zackquill Morgan (1735 - 1795) came to Monongalia County about 1771 where he settled on land along Decker’s Creek and the Monongahela River. He was born in Berkeley County, (West) Virginia to Catherine Garretson Morgan and Morgan Morgan, traditionally considered as one of the first white settlers of West Virginia. After fighting in the French and Indian War, he returned home and in 1761 he built a home on property that his father had deeded to him. He sold this home in 1765 and migrated west, first to Bedford ( now Fayette ) County and eventually to Monongalia County. By 1783, he was the proprietor of a tavern here and his home was designated as the seat of government until a courthouse could be built. In 1784, a tract of 220 acres of land was patented to Morgan and this was the land on which the town of Morgan’s Town would be established. In October of 1785, the General Assembly of Virginia passed an act establishing a town by the name of Morgan’s Town and 50 acres of the land owned by Zackquill Morgan were divided into half acre lots and streets. He eventually would build a home at the northeast corner of present day University Avenue and Fayette Street and lived here until his death on New Year’s Day of 1795.

Sculptor: Jamie Lester/Vandalia Bronze

We have several ways of remembering Zackquill Morgan. Look at the sculpture of him that Jamie Lester made. 1. What do you see in Morgan’s hands?

2. Why would he be holding a muzzle loader rifle in his right hand? 3. Why would he be holding the city charter in his left hand? 4. Describe Zackquill Morgan’s clothing and hair style. Do you dress like this today? 5. Zackquill Morgan fought in the Revolutionary War. What was the purpose of this war? 6. In describing this sculpture, the sculptor Jamie Lester writes that Morgan gazes southwest towards the original Morgan settlement. Do you remember where this settlement was located? 6

The Zackquill Morgan House & Tombstone We are fortunate to have a photograph of the house Zackquill Morgan built around 1790. It stood at the northeast corner of Front Street and Bumbo Lane ( present day University Avenue and Fayette Street ) and was demolished in 1930. Describe his house. Did it have a second floor? How do you think that it was originally heated? Why do you think that?

Image courtesy of the West Virginia and Regional History Center, WVU Libraries

Now look at the two tombstones of Zackquill Morgan. Even though he founded the city of Morgan’s Town, he is buried at Prickett’s Fort. Turn back to the map of Monongahela Country of 1776 and find the location of Prickett’s Fort. Is it north or south of Forks of Cheat? His original grave was marked by the sandstone slab that you see here on the left. What letters were incised on it? What do you think “COLO” refers to? When did he die? The tombstone we see today at Prickett’s Fort is the granite monument you see in the picture on the right. It was erected in 1927 and the bronze plaque attached to it reminds us of his contributions. It names him as Colonel Zackquill Morgan, one of the earliest settlers of Monongalia County, a soldier of the Revolutionary War and founder of Morgantown, (West) Virginia in 1785. It also tells us his second wife, Drusilla Springer Morgan, is buried here with him. Zackquill Morgan and his first wife, Nancy Paxton Morgan, had 3 children and he had 11 children with his second wife! Also buried nearby is his friend, Jacob PrIckett, with whom he had migrated to this land from Berkeley County, (West) Virginia. Now maybe we have an idea of why Zackquill Morgan chose to be buried at Prickett’s Fort!

Printed with permission of the Morgantown History Museum

George Washington Visits John Pierpont DID YOU KNOW that George Washington came to Monongalia County? In 1784, the American Revolution was over and Washington was now living a quiet life at his home in Mount Vernon. He would not become the first president of the United States until 1789 and between 1784 and 1789, Washington was forming many plans to improve and develop our new county. One of his thoughts concerned a better system of transportation between the Atlantic seaboard and the Ohio Valley. Traveling on horseback, Washington, his staff and several friends left Mount Vernon on September 1, 1784.

MAPPING SKILLS You can follow his path by looking back at the map of the Monongahela Country of 1776. Take your finger and start at Fort Cumberland. From here, Washington and his group followed the Old Braddock Road up to Beeson Town. You may remember that the first Monongalia County Court was held in the home of Theophilus Phillips here in Beeson Town. Washington was a friend of Phillips and stayed with him on the night of September 23rd. The next morning, Washington and Phillips left Beeson Town and traveled south to the Forks of Cheat. You can easily see their route on our map. They arrived at the home of John Pierpont. Pierpont was married to Nancy Ann Morgan, the daughter of Zackquill Morgan and his first wife Nancy Paxton. After learning why Washington was here, Pierpont decided to send to Morgan’s Town for his father-in-law and others to help advise Washington. Their discussion lasted the rest of the day and into the night and it was finally decided that it might be too difficult to build a system of transportation across the mountains.

WEST VIRGINIA HIGHWAY HISTORICAL MARKERS It is always fun to look for West Virginia Highway Historical Markers when you travel. Here you see the marker that is at the corner of Canyon Road and Old Cheat Road. It marks the location where George Washington spent the day and evening of September 24, 1784 at the home of John Pierpont. When Washington left Pierpont’s home, he traveled down a steep path to the Cheat River and to a ferry owned by Andrew Ice (based on Washington’s journal.) Washington crossed the Cheat River in Ice’s ferry and the location of the ferry is marked today by the sign that you see here. It is located at the intersection of the Cheat Lake Bridge and Mont Chateau Road. Andrew Ice also advised Washington against his project and Washington returned to Mount Vernon. He would become our first president 5 years later!

The Old Stone House Historical Marker While most of the houses in this new frontier settlement were built of logs, several were made of stone. One such house is known as the Old Stone House and dates from the end of the 18th century. It was built by Jacob Nuze on lot 25 of Middle Alley. We can only guess how amazed Jacob Nuze would be to learn of the history of the little house that he and his wife Elizabeth built from the stone on their farm on Aaron’s Creek. They had decided to move away from their farm after they had been attacked by the Native Americans and this new settlement along the Monongahela River seemed more secure. They even dug a well in their cellar and put windows on the third floor of the house to be able to watch the surrounding area. Below is the historical marker that is placed to the right of the house on property that originally was part of an orchard and garden. After reading through the text on the transcription, list four of the people who owned the house after Jacob Nuze along with their occupations.

OLD STONE HOUSE Oldest stone house in Monongalia County. By legend built by Jacob Nuze on original lot 25. Sold 1795 to tavern-keeper Henry Dering. Owned 1807-1813 by potters John Thompson and Jacob Foulk. Bought by Joseph Shackelford who operated a tanyard here for 50 years. A minister, he led the first Methodist reform movement in area. First Methodist-Protestant Church formed here. 1830. Sold to Frank Cox and George Baker. 1895. Used as dwelling and tailor shop. Occupied by Morgantown Service League, 1935, and restored to near original condition for use as headquarters and shop. House donated to League by Cox heirs. 1976. 9

List four of the people who owned the house after Jacob Nuze and their occupations NAME OCCUPATION 1. ___________________________________

___________________________________

2. ___________________________________

___________________________________

3. ___________________________________

___________________________________

4. ___________________________________

___________________________________

When was the house donated to the members of the Service League and by whom?

The year that the house was donated was also an important anniversary for our country.

Can you remember what that anniversary was?

COLOR YOUR OWN STONE HOUSE

The Deed Between Jacob Nuze and Henry Dering Below are excerpts from the deed that transferred the Old Stone House from Jacob Nuze to Henry Dering. If you are not able to read the cursive of the original deed, there is a typed copy of the lines for you to consult.

This indenture made the twenty eighth day of January in the year of our Lord one thousand and seven hundred and seventy five between Jacob Nuze and his wife Elizabeth of the County of Monongalia and the Commonwealth of Virginia of the one part and Henry Dering Junior of Morgantown in the County and Commonwealth aforesaid of the other part...that the said Jacob Nuze for and in consideration of the sum of thirty pounds currency of Virginia to him in hand paid for by the said Henry Dering Junior in the receipt whereof he doth hereby acknowledge....He the said Jacob Nuze and Elizabeth his wife have granted to the said Henry Dering Junior...all houses, edifices, buildings, orchards, garden ways, water and water courses. QUESTIONS TO PONDER: 1. What is the name of Jacob Nuze’s wife? 2. How much does Henry Dering Junior pay for the house? 3. What currency was used at this time in America? 4. What is the date of this document? 5. What state is Morgantown in at this time? 6. Besides the Old Stone House, what else was conveyed with the house? By reading this document, you can imagine the setting of the house at the end of the eighteenth century and compare this setting to the setting of the twenty-first century. What surrounds the Old Stone House today? 11

The Building of Log Cabins When George Washington visited the home of John Pierpont in 1784, he came to a cabin that had been built by Pierpont when he first settled here in 1769. Since then, settlers had begun to arrive and, in time, had built log cabins in which to live and work. There were about six log cabins in the new town which had been settled by Zackquill Morgan in 1772. On October 17, 1785, a year after Washington had visited this area, the general assembly in Virginia passed an act establishing a town by the name of Morgan’s Town. Soon streets and alleys were laid out and lots were divided and sold. The new houses had to be at least eighteen feet square with a stone or brick chimney. Often, these houses had gardens or orchards nearby. By 1785, apple orchards were common in this area and we will soon see that when dwellings were sold, orchards were often sold with the property.

A RECONSTRUCTED CABIN The cabin you see here was found on the Tyrone Avery Road in Cheat Lake. It was taken down log by log and rebuilt on Dorsey’s Knob. This photo was taken on January 27, 2018. For additional photos of original log cabins in Morgantown, you may visit the web site of The West Virginia and Regional History Center’s photographic database.

DO YOU KNOW that the restored home of Zackquill Morgan’s father, Morgan, is 8 miles south of Martinsburg, WV in Bunker Hill, WV? Built between 1731-1734, Morgan cut the trees for the logs, saved the hair from animals, sifted sand from a nearby creek and quarried stone for the base and the fireplace. It consisted of one room, not unlike the first floor room of the Old Stone House, with a fireplace to the right of the front door. There was a small loft above which was reached by a narrow ladder at bedtime. You can still visit this historic cabin from the Colonial Virginia era.

NOW IT’S YOUR TURN! On the following page, draw and color your own log cabin. You may also want to include a garden, pathways and an orchard for your landscaping. Will your cabin be surrounded by a fence? How will your cabin be heated? Will you include people or animals in your picture?

In the frame below, DRAW A LOG CABIN

The Old Stone House: Then and Now Here are photographs of the Old Stone House as it appeared during the summer of 2019. The exterior of the house has remained almost as it was built by Jacob Nuze and he and his wife Elizabeth would most probably be able to make their way home even in today’s Morgantown. Notice the two front doors that were common in houses of the era and the exterior of the fireplace that juts up from the roof line on the right side of our photo. The room on the first floor served many functions for Jacob and Elizabeth. Elizabeth cooked most of their meals in or around the fireplace and most likely prepared and served their meals on a table nearby. The door on the right side of the Stone House led to that area while the door to the left side led to a sitting area or “keeping room” which was “kept” warm and cozy by the fireplace. It was in this space that the family relaxed and Elizabeth and her daughters accomplished such tasks as sewing, needlework, spinning and weaving. The tight, winding staircase that led to two bedrooms on the second floor was also located on the left corner of this space and is also shown here.

NOW IT IS YOUR TURN! Imagine how the room on the first floor would have looked back in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Using the illustrations on the next page as guides, draw, color and then arrange the furniture in the room. You are the interior decorator for the Old Stone House as it might have been. Don’t forget to add a mouse or two! Remember...the relatives of Tobias lived under the staircase and left us with their journals! 14

Chair Cradle

Trestle Table Bench Chest of Drawers

The Pottery Years ANOTHER HISTORICAL MARKER When you begin to look for them, you will discover many historical markers in Morgantown. Here is one that is at the foot of Walnut Street very close to the Monongahela River and the old wharf. It tells us the names of the two potters who lived in the Old Stone House. Jacob Foulk, also known as “Master Foulk,” is believed to have established one of the first potteries west of the Allegheny Mountains and was soon joined by John Thompson who became Foulk’s apprentice around 1804. Together these two men, and eventually Thompson’s brother and sons, would leave a significant mark on American pottery history.

DO YOU KNOW THAT many of the pottery tools that were used by these potters and their pots are found in the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC? Below are examples of the tools that were collected at the turn of the twentieth century by a Morgantown archeologist named Walter Hough. Hough, who worked at the Smithsonian Institution, first excavated the basement of the Old Stone House where he uncovered a large quantity of clay and some earthenware shards (broken pieces.) He later excavated a trench in front of the house and the lot across the street where the potter’s kilns were located. These excavations and subsequent gifts to the Smithsonian from John Thompson’s granddaughter, Mrs. Dorcas Haymond, comprise the collection at the museum. Examples in the Collection Storage Area of the Smithsonian include bottles for slip painting, a cake mold, coggle or roulette wheels used for decorating the rims of pots, ribs that were used to smooth the surface of the pots and quite a few jars and crocks. The shards you see pictured below are in the historical archives of the Old Stone House while the slip bottle and the rib are in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution.

With permission of the Service League of Morgantown 16

Courtesy of the Smithsonian Institution

NOW IT’S YOUR TURN! Jacob Foulk and John Thompson made many types of pottery: crocks, pitchers and jars among others. Both potters made their pots on a potter’s wheel. As time went on and the Thompson pottery grew to include his son, David Greenland Thompson, we see the use of roulettes and stamps for decoration and slip bottles which were filled with liquid clay the consistency of heavy cream. The slip was then drizzled on to the pot to create a pleasing decoration. A roulette is a tool, often made of wood with a decorative pattern carved into it. When it was rolled over the soft clay, it created an impression in the clay. A roulette wheel was often used to create a pattern around the rim of a pot. Images were also painted on the surface in cobalt blue and included birds, fish, deer, floral decorations, ferns and people. Those pots with designs of men and women are known today as “people pots.” Finally, the use of stencils became popular in the region of South Western Pennsylvania and West Virginia. Draw and decorate your own pot. What shape and function will it have? You might color the background of your pot a light gray and decorate it with a blue design. Or, you could color the background of your pot red to imitate the red earthenware that was produced by Jacob Foulk.

It’s all up to you! You are the potter!

An Accounting of Jacob Foulk’s Household Goods Below is a partial accounting of Jacob Foulk’s household goods at the time of his death. You are reading a primary document written in the cursive of the day but if it is too difficult to decipher, there is a typed copy for you to consult. This inventory was completed on February 15, 1822 and showed that Jacob Foulk’s net worth was $56.00.

• • • • • • • • • •

1 shovel and poker 1 horse collar harness and blind bridle 1 sign board 1 washing tub 1 potters lathe A number of unfinished pieces of potters ware 50 pieces of pine boards 1 pot metal pan for melting lead A quantity of potters clay 1 stove

QUESTIONS TO PONDER: 1. What items show that he was a potter? 2. What items refer to his horse? 3. What two items helped him to tend the fire in his fireplace? 4. How might he have used a washing tub? 5. Had he finished all of his pots? 6. Why would a potter have a pot for melting lead?

Cross Stitch Sampler In Tobias: The Mouse in the Old Stone House, Rebecca Dering is instructing her daughters in needlework while Sarah looks on. In Colonial America, girls practiced their stitches by making samplers. A sampler is a decorative piece of cloth that is embroidered in various stitches with designs. Rebecca Dering is making a counted cross stitch sampler with a stone house, letters, numbers, flowers and birds. Color the house, letters, numbers and vine on the sampler below. If you can, add some birds and flowers too.

Queen’s Ware When studying local history, it is informative and exciting to read the newspapers of the day, including the advertisements. Here we see an advertisement for Queen’s Ware that was placed in the Monongalia Mirror on September 10, 1831 by F. A. Dering. Frederick Dering was born in the Old Stone House in 1802 and by 1831 he was the owner of a mercantile shop. His advertisement states that he had just received a stock of Fall and Winter Goods, including Queensware, which had been bought in the Eastern Cities. We have in the display case at the Old Stone House two shards (broken pieces) that show us that the early owners of the house were not only using the stoneware that was produced by the potters, but were also using a more sophisticated type of table ware known as Queen’s Ware. The shards that are in the historical case at the Old Stone House indicate that they were from a platter in the “Shannon” pattern. Below, on the left, is an example of two plates and a platter in that pattern and, on the right, you can see the shards that are in the Old Stone House. Typically Queen’s Ware is decorated with scenes of the countryside or town and show an arrangement of trees, buildings, mountains, animals, people and rivers.

A mercantile shop is a general store

NOW IT’S YOUR TURN! Decorate your own Queen’s Ware plate. Is there a scene from your town or from the countryside you want to illustrate? Will you include a house or barn, rolling hills, a river or stream, trees and bushes, flowers or animals? Will you have people in your scene? Think about how you will decorate the border of your plate. The border on Queen’s Ware plates often have a leafy vine for decoration. What will you do? It’s all up to you!

Tobias the Mouse Word Search All of the names in this word search are used in the first book of Tobias: The Mouse in the Old Stone House. Can you find the names? Look forward, sideways, up, down and diagonally.

ANCESTOR CONESTOGA HOUSE MONOCLE MORGANTOWN 22

PENMANSHIP POTTER POUND SAMPLER SERVICE

TAVERNS TEA TOBIAS VOLUNTEER WHISKERS

Cemeteries Cemeteries can be rich historical resources and can contribute to our understanding of the culture of a community and, in particular, to our knowledge of the religious beliefs and individual identity of the person who is being memorialized. The Memorial Wall behind the First Presbyterian Church on Spruce Street is a burial ground that represents an early chapter in the history of Morgantown. The wall commemorates 56 early Morgantown leaders, among which are the tombstones of Henry Dering and his wife Rebecca. We first learned about the Derings through the journal of a mouse named Isaac, dated May 5, 1805 in Tobias: The Mouse in the Old Stone House. Henry was 47 years old when he died and his wife lived another 39 years and continued to operate the tavern that they had established together at the corner of High and Walnut Streets.

Look carefully at the tombstones of Henry and Rebecca Dering that you see pictured above. 1. What is the year of the tombstone of Henry Dering? How do you know that? 2. What words do you see on Henry Dering’s tombstone? What war do you see recorded here? Do you remember the name of another person from Morgan’s Town who served in the same war? 3. What symbol do you see on his tombstone and what is the significance of it? 4. Rebecca Dering’s tombstone has a lot more words on it. Can you read the exact date of when she died? Is the exact date for the death of Henry Dering recorded on his tombstone? 5. Through the inscription on Rebecca Dering’s tombstone, we have an indication of her spiritual beliefs. The inscription or epitaph (an epitaph are words by which a person will be remembered) on Rebecca Dering’s reads: “The mercy of the Lord is from everlasting to everlasting upon them that fear Him, and his righteousness, unto children’s children.” What do you think is the meaning of these words for Rebecca? (Righteousness can mean goodness or decency) 23

FUN WITH LIMNER ARTISTS During the 17th, 18th and early 19th centuries, Limner artists were an important part of life. Not only did they paint portraits, but they were also known for the simple, unshaded signs that they created for businesses. (Limning means to outline in sharp, clear detail). We can imagine that shopkeepers Abraham Hale, the owner of a hat shop, John Sisler, a carriage maker, Henry Dering, the owner of a tavern, or John Thompson who was both a potter and also a tailor, all advertised their shops with signs that were created by the Limner artists who came to Morgantown. A typical advertisement for a Limner artist might read like this: Mr. Rufus Wentworth is at the tavern of Mr. Fauquier McRa opposite the stone house situated on lot 25 on Middle Alley and will remain in the city for a fortnight. He takes likenesses with pencil and paint and will be pleased to accommodate you and your family. He also will be happy to create signs to hang outside your shops that will illustrate your services. Below are some typical signs that you might have found in a colonial or frontier town:

Cobbler

Tailor

Tavern

NOW IT IS YOUR TURN! How would you draw a sign for the carriage maker?

What’s Cooking? Foods of the late 18th and early 19th centuries are mentioned in the journals of Tobias’ ancestors. Women of this era did most of their cooking in an open hearth. Soups and stews were boiled in pots or kettles, meats were roasted on spits or hung in front of the fire and baking was done either in a side oven or in a cast iron covered pot which was nestled in the smoldering ashes of the fire. In Tobias: the Mouse in the Old Stone House, Mrs. Nuze serves Albert Gallatin ginger cookies and a tangy pot of tea, Elizabeth Foulk has just baked queen’s cake that she is serving with rose petal jam. The smell of the newly cooked jam and cakes attract the attention of a mischievous mouse and well...you will see what happens next!

Let’s try baking our own Queen’s Cakes! They are so easy to make!

Ingredients: 1/2 cup of soft butter 1 cup of sugar 2 large eggs 2 cups of sifted cake flour 1 teaspoon of vanilla 3/4 cup of milk 2 1/2 teaspoons of baking powder

To make: Ask a grown-up to pre heat the oven to 350 degrees. Butter and flour a 12 hole muffin tin or insert paper liners into each hole. In a large bowl, mix the softened butter and sugar together. Beat well until the mixture looks creamy. Add the two eggs, one at a time, then the vanilla. Sift the flour and baking powder together. Add to the mixture. Add the milk and beat well until smooth and creamy. Spoon the batter into the muffin tin, dividing equally. Bake for 12 to 15 minutes. Be sure to ask a grown-up to help you put the muffin tin in the oven. You may ice or decorate your Queen’s Cakes as you like. They are so yummy!!

How to make butter the Colonial way! This is so easy and fun to make! Pour some heavy cream in a jar, put on the lid and shake, shake, shake for 10 minutes or so. Here is a tip: only fill the jar half way. When you have finished shaking, you will have pure butter! You are a true pioneer cook! The butter will be so tasty with your Queen’s Cakes, too! 25

Complete the Crossword by filling in a word that fits each clue!

ACROSS 5. done in cross stitch or embroidery 7. covered wagon 9. source of light in Colonial America

ANSWER KEY: Across: 5. sampler 7. conestoga 9. candle / Down: 1. potter 2. quill 3. cistern 4. gallatin 6. pound 8. tavern

DOWN 1. maker of stoneware 2. Colonial writing utensil 3. a well 4. Friendship Hill 6. monetary system in Colonial America 8. local gathering place in Colonial America

A New Journal Page The many generations of the ancestors of Tobias kept journals that not only related their own history but also the history of the frontier town in which they were living. Does your family keep scrapbooks or journals that record the most important events in their lives? NOW IT IS YOUR TURN! Write an example of a page of your own journal in which you describe an event that has recently happened to you. Who are the people involved in your story? Is there a plot or theme? What is the tone in your story? Is it scary, sad, happy, peaceful? Create the setting: the time of day, the location, the weather, the time of year. Will you illustrate your journal page?

____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 27

Map of Morgantown in 1809

Taking a walk through the frontier town of Morgan’s Town You have been working in the rose garden of the Old Stone House when a visitor, new to the thriving frontier town, approaches you. He is worried because his carriage has broken down and he now needs to have it repaired. Let’s help him find his way. 1. He needs to have the wheel on his carriage repaired. Where will he go and what streets will he take starting at the Old Stone House? 2. He is sure that he will have to stay the night in Morgan’s Town. Where do you suggest that he stay and what directions will you give the visitor starting at the Old Stone House. 3. While he is here, his wife has asked him to buy for her the following items: a new bonnet and some ginger root. What shops will he need to visit and how will he get to them from the Old Stone House. 4. He asks if it is possible to see the former home of the founder of Morgan’s Town. You give him a short history lesson and mention the name of the founder and also tell him when the streets and alleys were laid out. Finally you tell him how to get to the home of the founder from the Old Stone House. 5. Since he is staying overnight, he is going to have his boots repaired. Where will he go and how will he get to this shop from the Old Stone House? 6. He mentions that he is suffering from a sore throat and that he would like to see a doctor while here. Where will you send him? What is the name of the doctor? What other function does he provide for the town? Where is the doctor’s office and home? 7. He is sure that he is going to have quite a busy day and will need a bit of ale and something to eat before retiring. There are several locations in your town that might offer him some food and drink. Select one location and give him directions starting at the Old Stone House. 8. Finally, you are a kind person and invite him into the Old Stone House for a cup of tea and several of your newly baked Queen’s Cakes. He accepts and as you are serving him, you mention that you are serving the cakes on a plate and jam from a preserve jar that your husband has made. What is the profession of your husband? List your answers here: 1. _________________________________

5. _________________________________

2. _________________________________

6. _________________________________

3. _________________________________

7. _________________________________

4. _________________________________

8. _________________________________

Pretend that you are living in the newly formed frontier town of Morgan’s Town. Streets and alleys have been laid out. Some of the names you will recognize such as High Street, Spruce Street, Pleasant Street and Walnut Street. Others like Bumbo Lane, Middle Alley and Maiden Alley are not as familiar. Along with private homes, shops are beginning to be established. By 1809, you could visit the following businesses for your daily needs: carriage shop, hat shop, mercantile shop, tanner, pottery shop, brewery, cobbler, gristmill and tavern. The postmaster at this time was also the doctor. You certainly would not want to visit the GOAL, which is the colonial word for jail! MATCHING Match the terms in the left-hand column with the definitions in the right-hand column. _______ POSTMASTER

A. A person who makes jugs and crocks

_______ CARRIAGE SHOP

B. A person who makes leather from animal skins

_______ COBBLER

C. A person who makes beer and other ales

_______ HAT SHOP

D. A person who receives and delivers the mail

_______ MERCANTILE SHOP

E. A place where a person could eat, drink, sleep

_______ TANNER

F. A place that makes and repairs wheeled vehicles

_______ POTTER

G. A place that grinds grain into flour

_______ BREWER

H. A person who makes and repairs shoes

_______ MILL

I. A place where you could buy hats

_______ TAVERN

J. A place where you could buy goods

MAKING NEW WORDS FROM MERCANTILE There are many things to buy in a mercantile shop and there are many words in:

MERCANTILE Make as many words as you can from the letters in MERCANTILE and write them here. __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ 31

Acknowledgments I could not have completed this Activity Book without the support of many individuals. I was fortunate to have the expertise of two accomplished editors, Joan Bissett and Sue Carpenter, who read the manuscript and offered many constructive suggestions. I am deeply grateful to Margaret Matthews, Laura Savio and Diana Claydon who offered their educational knowledge and to my daughters, Sara Rutledge and Stephanie Orloski, who provided unflagging and continued technical assistance. Bonnie Campbell Lilienfeld, Director of Curatorial Affairs at the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, graciously shared her professional knowledge and allowed me access to the historical Morgantown pottery collection in the museum storage rooms. I am especially grateful to Ashley Teets, Illustrator, Lucas Kelly, Designer/Layout, and to Publisher, Cathy Teets, President of Headline Books, Inc. for their professionalism in bringing my concept to print. I am fortunate to have the support of my loving grandchildren who tested the puzzles and recipes with me: Matt, Allie, Kate, Stephen and Molly. Finally, for more than thirty-five years, I have relied on the counsel and love of my dear husband Bernie Schultz.

Cookie Schultz October, 2019

Morgantown Pottery in the Smithsonian Institution:

Mary Louise “Cookie” Soldo Schultz