Designing with Hemp + Lime by Healthy Materials Lab

Designing with

HEMP+LIME Open Source Detailing for Architects and Designers

Acknowledgments Research & Publication Team Healthy Materials Lab Parsons School of Design The New School New York, NY Alison Mears AIA, LEED AP Co-Founder and Director Jonsara Ruth ASID, IIDA Co-Founder and Design Director Meryl Smith, Associate AIA Design Researcher Eric Hu Postgraduate Researcher June 2022

Content About the Guide About Healthy Materials Lab About Hemp + Lime

4 7 10

Hemplime Construction Cast-in-place Precast Spray-applied Combination

14 17

Projects

Cape Cod Hemp House Case di Luce Lamia Santolina Pierre Chevet Sports Hall Wally Farms Woonhuis Balk

20 26 32 38 44 50

Conclusion

Special Thanks

References

Image References Drawing Index

61 62

About The Guide Acting as a companion to the Hemp + Lime guide released in 2020, the goal for this publication is to create a catalog of precedents to encourage other architects to use hemplime in their future projects. Our ultimate goal is to encourage the scalability of hemplime so that all future construction can be carbon neutral, biodegradable, energy efficient, and healthy. We began compiling exemplary realizations of contemporary hemplime construction after studying the successes and challenges of our collaborative renovation project, PA Hemp Home. We want to spread the word about the durable and practical uses of this promising building material and provide an open source detailing guide for architects and designers. This guide focuses on application types such as spray-applied or blocks and wall assemblies using Hemplime.

Fig 1.1 Various hemplime products at Pedone Working Image Credit : Jonsara Ruth, HML

Fig 1.2 Healthy Materials Lab team working at HML office Image Credit : Michelle Gevint

Fig 1.3 Healthy Materials Lab Office Image Credit : Michelle Gevint

About Healthy Materials Lab

Parsons School of Design research labs adopt a theory of change that draws from a comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach and a range of expertise in strategic design, positioning research within the context of social justice. Working on a range of projects that address systemic change, Parsons brings extensive expertise in the built environment, an understanding of the importance of communication design to drive change, and a historical ability to develop and implement innovation in various design scenarios. Social justice is a core mission at Parsons. Healthy Materials Lab (HML) is a design research lab at Parsons School of Design founded with a mission to place people’s health and environmental health at the center of every design decision. HML is committed to changing the future of the built environment by creating resources for designers, architects, teachers, and students to make healthier places for all people to live. Our ultimate goal is to empower the creation of healthier spaces, reduce people’s exposure to toxics, and support healthier, thriving lives for all people.

HML was launched after receiving a grant to support the Healthy Affordable Material Project in 2015. HML is one of four partner organizations of the Healthy Affordable Materials Project which is a collaboration of the Healthy Building Network (HBN), HML, Health Product Declaration Collaborative (HPDC), and Green Science Policy Institute (GSPI). Funded by a grant from The JPB Foundation, the Healthy Affordable Materials Project seeks to improve the lives and health of residents living in affordable housing across the United States by reducing toxics in building products and throughout the supply chain.

Fig 1.4 Industrial Hemp

Fig 1.5 Lime

About Hemp + Lime

floods, and fires, there is an increase in contamination of land, water, and air from large manufacturing facilities in nearby residential neighborhoods. Reduction of Toxics (takes too long)

Why We Need Alternative Building Materials The construction industry is one of the most significant contributors to climate change. Tens of thousands of tons of hazardous chemicals are used to make building products each year. And the impact of chemicals is linked to negative impacts on human health, a decline in biodiversity, an increase in greenhouse gases causing climate change, and many other environmental disasters. In this era of simultaneous crises, there is an increasing demand for innovative, renewable, environmentally sustainable, and benign construction materials. The United Nations reports that the construction industry is responsible for 30-40% of global CO2 emissions, and carbon emissions from the production of building materials are only continuing to rise. In the last 50-60 years, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of plastics used in typical building materials. This reliance on petroleum-based ingredients has increased production within the petrochemical industry, which increases carbon emissions, exacerbating climate change. Additionally, many petrochemicals are harmful to human health, and with increased production, people are increasingly exposed to these substances. People who live near chemical manufacturing plants are exposed to the emissions of these chemical plants in the air and water they depend upon, in addition to being exposed to synthetic building materials in their homes. Further, with increasingly dramatic weather patterns, 10

Many manufacturers of building products do not realize the impact of their effects on people’s health or the environment. They have been focusing on supply and demand, fiscal responsibility, and business growth. New demand for materials transparency allows manufacturers to identify the substances used in their building products and which substances are most harmful. Once identified, they can find less harmful substitutions. This strategy for reducing the detrimental impacts of building products on human and environmental health is applauded and is growing. However, we are impatient. The UN’s newest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report states that the world is already experiencing the effects of changing climate. We do not have much time to make radical changes to reduce CO2 emissions before the temperature of our planet’s atmosphere rises 2°C, melting our ice and making an irreversible catastrophic change to our climate and atmosphere. What if building materials were made of plants and minerals instead of petrochemicals? Products made from just a few natural ingredients, such as industrial hemp, lime, and water, create building products with a range of valuable physical and natural chemical characteristics, including fire resistance, lightness, and thermal performance. Industrial Hemp is a plant that grows without pesticides or herbicides,

requires very little water to grow, and regenerates the soil. Lime is made from limestone, a sedimentary rock that is one of the planet’s most common building materials. However, lime production is energy intensive, with room for improvement. The combination of these two materials creates hemplime, a material that has been used in building for centuries. Interest in hemplime, also called hempcrete, has gained steady momentum in recent years within the fields of architecture and design as a viable construction material for the 21st century. Hemp and lime products have a low environmental impact and lifelong absorption of carbon dioxide, making them a compelling choice for construction. The mixture of hemp and lime makes a lightweight insulation material that is naturally flame retardant, eliminating the need for added flame retardant chemicals. Additionally, when cured, the hemp and lime mixture offers high resistance to heat exchange, making it an excellent thermal and acoustical insulation. The material is vapor permeable and this “breathability” means that it absorbs humidity from the air when the air is wet and releases humidity into the air when it is dry. This humidity regulation drastically reduces mold and bacteria’s growth, eliminating the need for added antimicrobial chemicals. Hemplime surfaces can be coated with clay or mineral-based plasters and paints, which allow protection of the material yet still allow the wall to “breathe.” Hemplime also absorbs odors and toxins from the air making the indoor air generally cleaner than buildings made from typical building materials. Also, due to hemp’s cellular structure, the walls become a natural storage bank for carbon. For these reasons, it is a superior alternative to conventional insulation materials.

What if profitable local agriculture was connected with healthier buildings? With new incentives to grow hemp in the US, there is a potential to create an agriculturally based system for producing healthier building materials such as insulation, flooring and textiles, which will create new opportunities in agriculture for farmers and provide training opportunities for workers. In addition, the production of this new building material and the array of products that can be produced will create new jobs in production and construction. As a result, not only will we be able to design and construct healthier buildings, but we will also create new value chains for rural communities.

HEMPLIME CONSTRUCTION Cast-In-Place Precast Spray-Applied Combination

Fig 2.1 Lightweight hemplime mixture applied to the roof of Lamia Santolina Image Credit : YAS Architecture

Until recently, builders, artisans, and contractors have held the primary knowledge of building with hemplime. We have been interested to see what happens when designers and architects think with this material. We did some research and found a handful of interesting projects at a variety of scales that use these four methods of building with hemplime. Bringing together projects using cast-in-place, precast units, and spray-applied techniques shows the versatility of this material.

Cast-In-Place Mixing hemp and lime on-site is an application method that is most straightforward from a fabrication perspective but can be labor intensive and time consuming. Hemplime is commonly mixed on site using concrete mixing equipment. Concrete mixers are sufficient when mixing hemplime for hand-applied projects. Once appropriate mixes are achieved, the hemplime is ready to be moved from the concrete mixer and compacted into a building form work. Cure time for the cast-in-place method can be between 1-3 months, depending on climate and humidity levels. The lengthy dry time is the downside of this method because it prevents additional work from starting until the cast-in-place hemplime is dry. A long wait time can be avoided by using other installation methods, including hemplime precast blocks, spray-applied, or a combination of the two.

Precast Units Precast hemplime units eliminate the unpredictability of curing times because they are produced and dried off-site. They are manufactured using a precise mix of hemp, lime, and water and cast in form work of desirable dimensions. Blocks or panels cure in a factory or warehouse setting before delivery to the construction site. Using similar logic to fabricating with concrete blocks, the assembly of hemplime blocks utilizes lime mortar and eliminates lengthy curing times experienced with cast-in-place construction. Hemplime blocks are incredibly light, allowing the blocks to be larger than typical concrete masonry units (CMU), have fewer mortar joints, and save time on installation. Because of its similarity to coursing bricks or CMUs, this technique employs typical masonry fabrication techniques that have existed for thousands of years. There is great interest in the international masonry community for this new material.

“We aim to replicate current construction systems... in the future, but also today, you can use this block. This product, with simple uses, is the only way to have a (hemplime) material that everyone can use.” Leo Pedone, Pedone Working Translated from Italian

Fig 2.2 Hemplime being cast-in-place at Industry City Image Credit : Michelle Gevint

Fig 2.3 Hemplime precast block being mortared for demonstrative purposes Image Credit : Jonsara Ruth, HML

Fig 2.4 Spray applied hemplime at PA Hemp Home, being installed by Cameron MacIntosh Image Credit : Jonsara Ruth, HML

Fig 2.5 Combination hemplime block and spray at Wally Farms Image Credit : Hempstone

Spray-Applied

Combination

Spray-applying hemplime falls between cast-in-place and precast blocks in terms of installation technique, labor, and cure time. Like cast-in-place, hemp hurd and lime are mixed on-site with water in precise quantities and then shoveled into the mixing machine. The mix used for this technique is much lighter, and depending on environmental conditions, the time needed to cure is less than cast-in-place.

In some cases, fabricators and architects combine the three application techniques. For example, as shown in Figure 2.5, Wally Farms in Upstate New York uses precast blocks inbound from the structural studs, allowing construction progress on the interior. At the same time, hemplime is sprayed from the exterior. The section drawing of the Wally Farms wall explains this method in further detail. A combination of fabrication methods allows for more flexibility in the construction schedule and provides for various cure times.

The application time for spray-applied hemplime is relatively quick and utilizes form work similar to that used for castin-place. The installation is perhaps the messiest as particles from the spray gun land on the floor. However, the over-spray of hemplime particles can be swept up and recycled immediately into the mixing machine. Spray-applied hemplime must fully cure before plaster or stucco is applied to its surface. However, exterior siding can be installed before the walls are fully cured if an air cavity is left between the hemplime and the facade material.

PROJECTS Cape Cod Hemp House Case di Luce Lamia Santolina Pierre Chevet Sports Hall Wally Farms Woonhuis Balk

Fig 3.1 Hemplime block and plaster at Pierre Chevet Sports Hall Image Credit : BCDF studio and Elodie Dupuis

Cape Cod Hemp House Project Location: Cape Cod, MA Year Completed: 2022 Architect: Estes Twombly + Titrington Architects General Contractor: CH Newton Hemplime Contractor: HempStone Hemplime Consultants: Kiko Thébaud, Thébaud LLC, Laurent Goudet AKTA BVP Lime Plaster Consultant: Anthony Néron, DuChanvre Project Description: This 6,000 square foot home, located in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, uses a combination of new and traditional building materials. Cape Cod Hemp House utilizes wood, laminated wood, steel, and cinder block combined to make up its structural integrity. Within the walls and the roof, hemplime was spray-applied into the framing and is held in by mats of reed held together with metal wire. Plaster was applied to the exterior of the building over the hemplime. Wood strapping is attached to the outside of the building, which holds the cedar shingles. On the interior, plaster is also the finish. This combination of traditional building methods and materials helps to cut embodied carbon, reduce energy consumption and improve occupant health.

Fig 3.2 Cape Cod Hemp House In Progress Image Credit: Estes Twombly + Titrington Architects

Fig 3.3 Spray-applied hemplime being installed in the roof of Cape Cod Hemp house Image Credit : CH Newton

Fig 3.4 Spray-applied hemplime being installed in the exterior walls of Cape Cod Hemp house Image Credit : CH Newton

Fig 3.5 Structural framing with reed mats to capture to spray applied mixture Image Credit : Estes Twombly + Titrington Architects

Exterior Wall Assembly | Spray-Applied Hemplime

2x6 Wood Framing

White Cedar Shingles

1’ Spray-Applied Hemplime Around Framing

Horizontal Cedar Battens Vertical Cedar Battens Lime Render Air and Weather Barrier with embedded mesh

Split Reed Mats Lime Plaster

Exterior

Interior

PLAN

White Cedar Shingles Horizontal Cedar Battens

2x6 Wood Framing

Vertical Cedar Battens

1’ Spray-Applied Hemplime Around Framing

Lime Render Air and Weather Barrier with embedded mesh

Split Reed Mats Lime Plaster

Exterior

SECTION 24

Interior

Exterior Wall Axonometric | Spray-Applied Hemplime

6 7

5 1. White Cedar Shingles 2. Horizontal and Vertical Cedar Battens 3. Lime Render Air and Weather Barrier with embedded mesh 4. 1’ Spray-Applied Hemplime around framing 5. Diagonal bracing 6. 2x6 Wood Framing 7. Split Reed Mats 8. Lime Plaster

Case di Luce

Project Location: Apulia, Italy Year Completed: 2016 Project Team: Pedone Working and Equilibrium Ltd Project Description: Pedone Working developed this residential project as an integral part of a new urban model that will serve as the driving force for the redevelopment of a district that, although highly urbanized, is in a state of decay and neglect exacerbated by the presence of abandoned industrial sites. After a thorough environmental cleanup operation to remove the presence of asbestos and demolish old settlements, the construction of this building sought to enhance the urban quality and environmental sustainability through innovative solutions.

The proposed design of the 42-unit residential building required an integrated approach to systemic and holistic development based on respect for the bio-climatic characteristics of the place. An intense study of solar gains during each seasonal variation was done to ensure the functionality of the program and control of temperature, exposure, and humidity. The new building is characterized by very low energy consumption, thanks to the elimination of thermal bridges, highperformance windows, a heat pump, and high-performance casing from the thermal point of view. Hemp and lime help dramatically with the acoustics and humidity, as well as the carbon footprint, with the production of raw materials being close to zero.

Fig 3.6 Completed apartment building Image Credit: Sergio Camplone

Fig 3.7 Close-up spray-applied hemplime Image Credit : Pedone Working

The compound in hemp and lime, called Natural Beton®, a LEED® certified product, is made from vegetable hemp chipboard with a lime-based binder in a variable ratio depending on the thermal and mechanical performance requirements. It is different from other insulating materials because it combines high insulation properties and thermal mass with high environmental compatibility and recyclable properties, and it sequesters carbon. This innovative constructive technology allows the single homogeneous natural material to act as the insulation, solves moisture problems, and ensures constant humidity control in indoor environments without molds and pathogens. Using masonry Natural Beton and other natural building components ensures high air quality to protect the health and welfare occupants. 28

Fig 3.8 Hemplime being spray-applied Image Credit : Pedone Working

Fig 3.9 Completed exterior balcony Image Credit : Sergio Camplone

Exterior Wall Assembly** | Spray-Applied Hemplime

Reinforced Skim Plaster Limestone Bricks

Wood Guide Battens

Lime Plaster

Spray-applied Hemplime

Exterior

Interior

PLAN

Reinforced Skim Plaster

Limestone Bricks

Wood Guide Battens

Lime Plaster

Spray-applied Hemplime

Exterior

Interior

SECTION

** This wall assembly is non-structural. There is a system of concrete slabs and partitions on the interior that are load bearing.

Exterior Wall Axonometric | Spray-Applied Hemplime

2 3 4 5

1. Reinforced Skim Plaster 2. Wood Guide Battens 3. Spray-applied Hemplime 4. Limestone Bricks 5. Lime Plaster

Lamia Santolina Project Location: Carovigno, Italy Year Completed: 2021 Architect: YAS Architecture, Morleo Architecture, Angelo Melcarne Builder(s): Scaff Systems (structural), Messapia Style (hemp) Project Description: The creative workspace, Lamia Santolina, is a living building made of hemp and lime. Situated in the countryside around Carovigno (BR), Apulia, southern Italy, and commissioned by the artist Cosimo Terlizzi and his partner Damien Modolo takes on the lamia typology traditionally found in the Valle d’Itria and Alto Salento with a contemporary twist. It reflects the owners’ love of the Apulian countryside and their desire to leave a respectful print on the land by creating a modern art studio in harmony with local nature and culture. Aesthetically speaking, the structure is traditional, but from a construction point of view, it is pioneering in using natural and recyclable materials to address contemporary environmental concerns.

The construction technology and materials utilized in the project are also traditional yet modern; the perimeter walls and roof slab are both made by Messapia Style, an ethical construction company and pioneer of hemp and lime construction in Italy. The material consists of a mix of hemp hurds, water, pure hydrated lime, and a natural excipient to help the drying process. The mixture was cast-in-place in form work and around a stepped wall of limestone bricks to create the unique wall shape

Fig 3.10 Completed art studio Image Credit: Cosimo Terlizzi

Fig 3.11 Completed interior with plastered walls Image Credit: Cosimo Terlizzi

which is thicker at the bottom. The hemplime was finished with plaster on the interior and exterior. The light modular iron structure, produced by Scaff System, was adapted to accommodate the ancient “incannucciato” cane roof technique. First, local artisans assembled the locally grown canes to create cane mats that rest upon the steel structure’s joists. Then a 25cm thick hemplime mixture layer is laid on top, providing maximum thermal insulation for the roof. A photo-voltaic system will be placed on the roof, generating around 4.5kWp of electricity which also serves the nearby house on the same plot. The roof also forms part of the rainwater recovery system, directing rainwater to an underground tank to be stored for 34

irrigation. The soil removed during the excavation phase was reused to provide a new layer of soil to the existing olive trees. The underground rock was reused to reinforce the perimeter dry stone walls that release humidity accumulated during the night back into the ground to minimize impact.

Fig 3.12 Cast-in-place hemplime mixture curing during construction Image Credit: Messapia Style

Fig 3.13 Hemplime close-up during construction Image Credit: Messapia Style

Exterior Wall Assembly | Cast-in-place Hemplime

Hemp + Lime Plaster

Small Structural Studs

Cast-in-Place Hemplime (HESMix)

Structural Column

Stepped Wall of Limestone Bricks

Horizontal Wood Slats Cast-in-Place Hemplime (HESMix) Lime Plaster Exterior

Interior

PLAN

Hemp + Lime Plaster

Small Structural Studs

Cast-in-Place Hemp+Lime (HES- Mix)

Structural Column Horizontal Wood Slats

Stepped Wall of Limestone Bricks

Cast-in-Place Hemplime (HESMix) Lime Plaster Exterior

SECTION 36

Interior

Exterior Wall Axonometric | Cast-in-place Hemplime

5 4 1

3 6

1. Hemp + Lime Plaster 2. Cast-in-Place Hemplime (HES- Mix) 3. Stepped Wall of Limestone Bricks 4. Structural Studs 5. Structural Column 6. Wood Slats 7. Cast-in-Place Hemplime (HES- Mix) 8. Lime Plaster

Pierre Chevet Sports Hall Project Location: Croissy-Beaubourg, France Year Completed: 2021 Architect: Lemoal Lemoal Builder: Baticible Project Description: Lemoal Lemoal architecture and landscaping office has delivered the first new public building constructed with hemplime blocks in France, the Pierre Chevet sports hall for the town of CroissyBeaubourg. The fruitful collaboration between manufacturers, architects, and construction companies was the opportunity to experiment with an innovative and sustainable implementation. The project’s structural principle was led by the determination to employ long-lasting materials with multiple performances. The wooden half-vaulted porticoes, which free a maximum space for practicing sports, lean against a wall of hemplime blocks for support. These hemplime blocks have been chosen for their many comforts and safety-enhancing qualities, among which are their high thermal, acoustical, and structural performances and fire resistance. Made by the cement manufacturer Vicat, a French cement group based in the Rhone Alpes region, the hemplime blocks chosen here are manufactured with hemp hurds, agricultural material obtained from hemp, which until now has been without a market. It comes from the inner part of the stem (also 38

Fig 3.14 Completed sports hall Image Credit: Elodie Dupuis)

Fig 3.15 Interior view of completed sports hall with exposed hemplime blocks Image Credit: BCDF studio and Elodie Dupuis

called straw), which is cut mechanically to obtain hemp shavings. Grown in France, the fibers are assembled within 500km of the project site, which minimizes transportation emissions and helps the local economy. Durable, highperformance, and innovative, hemplime and its use in building blocks boost the commercial value of short supply chains, mobilizing actors in France, from the farmer to the worker.

Primarily employed in detached houses, hemp is generally treated with a finishing coat of plaster on the exterior. Here, to facilitate their upkeep, the facades are covered in cladding whose panels can be individually replaced. Lower sections of interior surfaces have been treated with hemp plaster. On the upper parts, the hemplime blocks have been left exposed, thereby maintaining their acoustical qualities.

Fig 3.16 Hemplime block fully installed on the interior Image Credit: BCDF studio and Elodie Dupuis

Fig 3.17 Hemplime block at foundation Image Credit: BCDF studio and Elodie Dupuis

Exterior Wall Assembly | Precast Hemplime Block

Thermo-lacquered Metal Spines

Hemplime Blocks Lime Plaster**

Fiber Cement Facade Panel Metal Panel Clips Metal Profile Waterproofing Layer

Exterior

Interior

PLAN

Thermo-lacquered Metal Spines

Hemplime Blocks

Fiber Cement Facade Panel

Lime Plaster**

Metal Panel Clips Metal Profile Waterproofing Layer

Exterior

Interior

SECTION 42

** On some walls in this project, the Hemplime Blocks were left unfinished on the interior, eliminating the plaster layer, in spaces that need extra acoustic dampening. See Fig 3.15

Exterior Wall Axonometric | Precast Hemplime Block

4 3

5 6 7

1. Thermo-lacquered Metal Spines 2. Fiber Cement Facade Panel 3. Metal Panel Clips 4. Metal Profile 5. Waterproofing Layer 6. Hemplime Blocks 7. Lime Plaster The Precast blocks have a unique shape that allows them to interlock

Wally Farms

Project Location: Taghkanic, NY Year Completed: 2022 Architect: Kaja Kühl (youarethecity), Roger Cardinal Design Builder(s): Lagonia Construction, Americhanvre, HempStone, blocks manufactured by Coexist Build Project Description: At Wally Farms in Upstate New York, an experimental farm dedicated to growing climate solutions, designers Kaja Kühl and Roger Cardinal are using hemplime in spray applied and block form to construct two micro homes of 300 and 400 sf at the edge of a clearing in the forest, with some great views of the Catskills. They are intended to serve anyone who will stay for a weekend, a week, or for several months to work the land, to research, to learn or to experiment with climate solutions. To that end, the two homes are experiments in building carbon neutral structures. The design team used a beta version of the BEAM calculator by Builders for Climate Action to track the embodied energy of its primary construction materials. The enormous carbon-beneficial qualities of hemplime offset the carbon footprint of the high quality triple pane windows and concrete foundations. The homes will be usable year-round and will be connected to a grid powered by a nearby solar field. The hemplime blocks came from Coexist Build in Pennsylvania. For one of the homes, the blocks sit on the interior of the structure and then spray-applied 44

Fig 3.18 Completed Hemp Install at Wally Farms Image Credit: Kaja Kühl

Fig 3.19 Hemplime blocks being installed at Wally Farms Image Credit : Hempstone

hemplime was added in between the studs. A benefit of this approach is that on the interior, the blocks provide continuous insulation and are already factory dried, so construction on the interior can continue much quicker than usual. For the second home, only sprayapplied was used. It was sprayed from the outside into form work made by 2x8 wood members. Both methods offer the benefit of a faster installation process over the traditional cast-in-place, but also come with their own challenges. The blocks were more difficult to cut without crumbling than anticipated. Sprayapplied hemplime has a beautiful texture and consistency, however the wall thickness beyond the structural frame can become a challenge and additional substructures need to be installed to keep the hemplime in place. 46

Fig 3.20 Spray-applied hemplime being installed at Wally Farms Image Credit : Kaja Kühl

Fig 3.21 Interior View of one micro home at Wally Farms Image Credit : Hempstone

Exterior Wall Assembly | Combination

2x6 Wood Framing Cedar Shingles

7 1/2” Spray-Applied Hemplime

1x3 Horizontal Batten

5 5/8” Precast Hemplime Blocks

1x3 Vertical Batten

1/2” Lime Plaster

Wood Fiber Insulation

Exterior

Interior

PLAN 2x6 Wood Framing Cedar Shingles

7 1/2” Spray-Applied Hemplime

1x3 Horizontal Batten

5 5/8” Precast Hemplime Blocks

1x3 Vertical Batten

1/2” Lime Plaster

Wood Fiber Insulation

Exterior

SECTION 48

Interior

Exterior Wall Axonometric | Combination

5 6 7

1. Cedar Shingles 2. Horizontal and Vertical Battens 3. Wood Fiber Insulation 4. 2x6 Wood Framing 5. 7 1/2” Spray-Applied Hemplime Around Framing 6. 5 5/8” Precast Hemplime Blocks 7. Lime Plaster

Woonhuis Balk

Project Location: Balk, Netherlands Year Completed: 2020 Architect: TWA Architecten Builder: Agricola Bouw Project Description: The clients wanted a future-proof home, built as green as possible and ready for the future. The house meets the standard for ‘passive house’ and is energy-neutral, and the house is also built bio-based with hemp and wood. Hemplime blocks made by IsoHemp are a green insulator and moisture regulator. IsoHemp blocks are prefabricated and non-load bearing. These blocks are laid like traditional cross-jointed masonry. In this application, the IsoHemp Blocks were used on the exterior of a post and beam structure. The house is all-electric; the energy for heating is obtained from the adjacent water utilizing a heat exchanger (aquathermal). On the interior, they used IsoHemp’s natural plaster called PCS. The house is located on the site of the former factory ‘De Volharding’ in Balk on the water of De Luts.

Fig 3.22 Completed Exterior Image Credit: TWA Architecten

Fig 3.23 IsoHemp blocks stacked and mortared Image Credit: IsoHemp

“A classmate told me about hemp and lime... we had to find a way to produce it. We decided to make blocks. That was my work.. to develop the formulation.” Jean-Baptiste de Mahieu, Managing Partner at IsoHemp Translated from French

Fig 3.24 Exterior cladding Image Credit: TWA Architecten

Exterior Wall Assembly | IsoHemp Blocks

IsoHemp Blocks

Vertical Wood Cladding

Wood Fiber Insulation

Horizontal Batten

Wood Studs

Vertical Battens

Structural Post

Vapor Permeable Waterproof Layer

Clay Plaster Board Lime Plaster

Exterior

Interior

PLAN Vertical Wood Cladding Horizontal Batten

IsoHemp Blocks

Vertical Battens

Wood Fiber Insulation

Vapor Permeable Waterproof Layer

Structural Post Beyond Clay Plaster Board Lime Plaster

Exterior

SECTION 18.75 inches wall 54

18.75 inches wall

Interior

Exterior Wall Axonometric | IsoHemp Blocks

4 5 8

1. Horizontal Wood Cladding 2. Horizontal and Vertical Battens 3. Vapor Permeable Waterproof Layer 4. IsoHemp Blocks 5. Wood Fiber Insulation 6. Wood Studs 7. Structural Post 8. Clay Plaster Board 9. Lime Plaster

CONCLUSION

Fig 4.1 Hemplime blocks Image Credit: Jonsara Ruth, HML

Special Thanks

We would like to thank all the designers, architects, and builders who graciously shared their work with us and those whose work we included. They are inspiring a future of possibility for design and building that is beautiful, delightful, and healthier for communities and environments.

Agricola Bouw Americhanvre Angelo Melcarne Baticible CH Newton Coexist Build DuChanvre/Anthony Néron Equilibrium Ltd Estes Twombly + Titrington HempStone Kaja Kühl (youarethecity) Kiko Thébaud Architecture Lagonia Construction Laurent Goudet AKTA - BVP Lemoal Lemoal Messapia Style Morleo Architecture Pedone Working Roger Cardinal Design Scaff Systems TWA Architecten YAS Architecture

Fig 4.2 Installed hemplime at Cape Cod Hemp House Image Credit: Estes Twombly + Titrington Architects

REFERENCES

Image Credit

Cover Image BCDF Studio and Elodie Dupuis Fig 1.1 Jonsara Ruth Fig 1.2 Michelle Gevint Fig 1.3 Michelle Gevint Fig 2.1 YAS Architecture Fig 2.2 Michelle Gevint Fig 2.3 Jonsara Ruth Fig 2.4 Jonsara Ruth Fig 2.5 Hempstone Fig 3.1 BCDF studio and Elodie Dupuis Fig 3.2 Estes Twombly + Titrington Architects Fig 3.3 CH Newton Fig 3.4 CH Newton Fig 3.5 Estes Twombly + Titrington Architects Fig 3.6 Sergio Campone Fig 3.7 Pedone Working Fig 3.8 Pedone Working Fig 3.9 Sergio Camponei Fig 3.10 Cosimo Terlizzi Fig 3.11 Cosimo Terlizzi Fig 3.12 Messapia Style Fig 3.13 Messapia Style

Fig 3.14 BCDF Studio and Elodie Dupuis Fig 3.15 BCDF Studio and Elodie Dupuis Fig 3.16 BCDF Studio and Elodie Dupuis Fig 3.17 BCDF Studio and Elodie Dupuis Fig 3.18 Kaja Kühl Fig 3.19 Hempstone Fig 3.20 Kaja Kühl Fig 3.21 Hempstone Fig 3.22 TWA Architecten Fig 3.23 IsoHemp Fig 3.24 TWA Architecten Fig 4.1 Jonsara Ruth Fig 4.2 Estes Twombly + Titrington Architects

Drawing Index

Cast-In-Place

Precast Block

Lamia Santolina

Pierre Chevet Sports Hall

Page 36-37

Page 42-43

Woonhuis Balk 62

Page 54-55

Spray-Applied

Combination

Cape Cod Hemp House

Wally Farms

Page 24-25

Page 48-49

Case di Luce Page 30-31