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DIRECTORY November 4, 2023
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What to know about RSV Winter is synonymous with the holidays, snow and, of course, the common cold. Though colds are not exclusive to winter, they tend to be more common in the colder months of the year, when people typically spend more time indoors, making it easier for cold viruses to spread from one person to another. As cold season hits full swing, it’s important to recognize that the common cold is not always behind those uncomfortable coughs and sniffles. Respiratory syncytial virus, often referred to as RSV, is a serious respiratory virus that produces symptoms similar to those associated with the common cold. Some basic knowledge of RSV can ensure people seek the treatment they need to overcome it.
What is RSV? The Mayo Clinic reports that RSV is a virus that infects the lungs and respiratory tract. Though RSV may not be as familiar as the common cold, perhaps it’s more familiar than many people realize, as the Mayo Clinic indicates most children have been infected with the virus by the time they’re two years old. The American Lung Association® reports that RSV is so common among children because they so frequently come into physical contact with other kids. When is RSV most likely to occur? According to the ALA, the peak season for RSV is fall through spring. However, the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment notes that RSV infections rose sharply in summer 2021. See rSV Page 4
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How to tell if it’s a cold, the flu, COVID-19 or RSV There’s much to look forward to at Cold the start of winter. The holiday sea- • Aches: Sometimes • Difficulty breathing: Rarely son starts winter off with a bang, • Fatigue: Sometimes while outdoor enthusiasts know • Fever: Rarely their chances to hit the slopes and • Loss of taste or smell: Rarely ski and snowboard are just begin• Sore throat: Often ning. Sports fans know January • Wheezing: Rarely marks the return of the National Football League playoffs, while Flu travelers who need a little winter • Aches: Often warmth often designate February • Difficulty breathing: Rarely as a month to soak up some sun in • Fatigue: Often a faraway locale. • Fever: Often • Loss of taste or smell: Rarely With so much to do each winter, • Sore throat: Sometimes it’s especially problematic when • Wheezing: Rarely you come down with a cold. HowCOVID-19 ever, winter tends to be cold and flu season in many areas, as viruses • Aches: Sometimes • Difficulty breathing: Often tend to spread more easily when • Fatigue: Often people spend more time indoors. • Fever: Sometimes This winter, people may wonder if • Loss of taste or smell: Sometheir sniffles indicate they have a times cold, the flu or a sign of something • Sore throat: Often more serious, such as COVID-19 or • Wheezing: Rarely respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Anyone unsure of what’s behind a RSV cold-like illness is urged to speak • Aches: Rarely • Difficulty breathing: Sometimes with their physician. In addition, • Fatigue: Rarely the National Foundation for • Fever: Sometimes Infectious Diseases notes that the • Loss of taste or smell: Rarely common cold, the flu, COVID-19, • Sore throat: Rarely and RSV present some similar • Wheezing: Often symptoms, but also some unique ones. Though each illness is complex, the frequency with which some symptoms present may indicate which issue a person is dealing with. Knowledge of those symptoms and their frequency can help people determine if the culprit behind their winter illness is a cold, the flu, COVID-19, or RSV.
Individuals who are concerned by the presence of cold- or flu-like symptoms are urged to speak with their physicians. Though many instances of cold, flu, COVID-19, and RSV will go away without medical intervention, each condition can pose a significant health risk in certain situations.
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How is RSV transmitted? The American Lung Association notes that respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV, is a common respiratory virus that produces cold-like symptoms in adults and children. Though the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention notes that most cases of RSV go away within two weeks without intervention, the virus can be unpredictable. In fact, the ALA reports that RSV is the leading cause of hospitalization in all infants. In addition, most children have been infected with the virus by the time they are two years old. Such high infection rates understandably leads to questions about transmission of the virus, which the CDC reports can spread in the following ways. • An infected person coughs or sneezes • Individuals get virus droplets
from a cough or sneeze in their eyes, nose, or mouth • Individuals come into direct contact with the virus, like kissing the face of a child with RSV • Individuals touch a surface that has the virus on it, like a doorknob, and then touch their face prior to washing their hands Such methods of transmission explain why so many children are infected with RSV prior to their second birthday, as curious youngsters often hug and grab other children at daycare facilities and frequently touch their faces without washing their hands. Though RSV infection in infants is often overcome, parents can speak with their child’s pediatrician to determine if there is any way to lower their child’s risk of infection.
RSV Continued From Page 2 Though that spike was likely due to a relaxation of coronavirus restrictions, it underscores that RSV can strike in summer, even if it’s less likely to spread during times of year when people tend to spend more time outdoors.
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nasal flaring, and bluish lips and fingernails require urgent care.
How is RSV managed? The CDC notes that antiviral medication is not typically part of a treatment for RSV, as most infections go away within a week or two without intervention. Symptoms such as fever and pain can What are the symptoms of RSV? be managed with over-the-counter The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report that people infected fever reducers and pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen (the CDC with RSV typically exhibit symptoms within four to six days of infection. Such notes that aspirin should never be given to children). Drinking plenty of fluids symptoms, which usually appear in stages and not all at once, may include: to prevent dehydration and speaking with a physician prior to taking some• Runny nose thing or giving a child something to • Decrease in appetite treat RSV is recommended. • Coughing • Sneezing Is there an RSV vaccination? • Fever The CDC recommends immunization • Wheezing for those most at risk of serious illness Young infants with RSV may be irritable, less active and experience breathing difficulties. The ALA notes that RSV is the leading cause of hospitalization in all infants, so symptoms should be taken seriously and brought to the attention of a child’s pediatrician immediately. The ALA also notes that symptoms like difficulty breathing, not drinking enough, decreased activity,
from RSV. High-risk groups include infants, toddlers and adults age 60 and older. Parents and older adults are urged to speak to their child’s doctors and their own physicians about RSV vaccination. RSV symptoms mirror those of the common cold, but the virus can be more serious than that. More information is available at cdc.gov and lung.org.
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Tips to prepare for flu season Influenza is more common than people may realize. Data from the World Health Organization indicates there are around one billion cases of seasonal influenza each year. Though only a small fraction of those cases result in severe illness, even a mild case of the flu can be unpleasant and disruptive. The phrase “flu prevention” may be somewhat misleading, as the best people can do is reduce their risk for seasonal influenza. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the best way to do that is to get vaccinated against the flu each year. Each year’s flu shot is different, as researchers design the vaccination based on which strand of influenza they anticipate will be
most prevalent in a given year. In addition to getting vaccinated, individuals can consider these tips, courtesy of the CDC, to protect themselves and others from the flu and stop the spread of germs. • Steer clear of close contact. Individuals who are sick can steer clear of close contact with other people in order to safeguard them from the flu. On the flip side, people who live or work with individuals who have the flu can avoid close contact as well. • Don’t be a hero. The CDC urges anyone who is sick with the flu See FLu Page 7
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Facts about Crohn’s disease Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory bowel disease marked by swelling and inflammation of the digestive tract, specifically the small and large intestines. The disease gets its name from American gastroenterologist Dr. Burrill Crohn, who was one of the first physicians to describe the illness back in 1932. Crohn’s disease is similar to ulcerative colitis, but the two illnesses are not exactly the same.
extensive depending on which part of the GI tract is affected. The following are some symptoms associated with Crohn’s: • persistent diarrhea • rectal bleeding • urgent need to move bowels • abdominal cramps and pain • sensation of incomplete bowel evacuation • constipation and bowel obstruction Symptoms of Crohn’s disease • fissures and fistulas The Crohn’s & Colitis Founda• intestinal stricture tion says living with Crohn’s disease can be stressful and These symptoms may lead to overwhelming. There is no cure low energy, accidents that can for the disease, the signs and make people feel embarrassed, symptoms of which can be weight loss, and loss of appe-
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tite. Additional health issues also may develop and affect other parts of the body beyond the digestive tract. What causes it? Doctors are not completely sure what causes Crohn’s disease. It may be an autoimmune reaction in which the body’s immune system mounts an attack on healthy cells in the body. The immune response causes widespread inflammation, states the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Genes also may be to blame, as Crohn’s disease sometimes runs See CroHn’S Page 8
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Fresh air pays dividends, even when it’s cold The great outdoors beckons millions of people each spring, summer and fall, but far fewer individuals spend as much time outside in winter. However, spending time outdoors can help to improve mood just as much when the mercury drops as it can when temperatures are warm. The
United Kingdom-based Mental Health Foundation reports that nature helps to generate positive emotions such as calmness, joy and creativity. The MHF also notes that connectedness with nature has been linked to lower levels of poor mental health, particularly depression and anxiety.
FLU Continued From Page 5 to stay home until their illness subsides. Avoid going to school, work and running errands so you can help to prevent the virus from spreading.
important when returning home from places where lots of people tend to congregate, such as grocery stores and restaurants. Lathering hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds can help get rid of germs. If soap and water is not available, the CDC recommends using an alcohol-based hand rub.
• Cover up. The CDC notes that the flu virus spreads primarily through droplets produced when people with influenza cough, sneeze or talk. When around others, cover your mouth and nose, particularly when sneezing or coughing. When you have to sneeze or cough, do so into the cradle of your elbow. Coughing into your hands could help to spread the virus, as germs can transfer from your hand onto surfaces others may touch, like doorknobs and handles.
• Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth. The CDC notes that germs spread when people touch contaminated surfaces or objects and then touch their eyes, nose or mouth. It’s easy to touch your eyes, nose or mouth without even thinking about it, but make a concerted effort to avoid touching these areas to safeguard yourself and others from the flu.
• Routinely wash your hands. Make it a habit to wash your hands regularly. When returning home, wash your hands before you do anything else. This is especially
Seasonal influenza can be a disruptive and potentially deadly force. Various practices can help people protect themselves and others from contracting the flu.
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7 warning signs for diabetes Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose. Diabetes can cause serious damage to the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels over time. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t make enough insulin. The World Health Organization says about 422 million people worldwide have diabetes, and 1.5 million deaths are directly attributed to diabetes each year.
gan, the following are seven potential warning signs of diabetes.
5. Blurry vision: Some people notice vision changes that do not seem to be tied to an eye illness or another condition. This may be a result of diabetes.
1. Frequent urination: This is one of the key indicators of diabetes. When diabetes is present, the kidneys work harder to rid the body 6. Weight loss: Sudden weight loss without trying to lose weight is of excess sugar, producing more often an indication that something urine. isn’t quite right. Diabetes could be 2. Dry mouth and excessive thirst: the culprit. This goes in conjunction with 7. Yeast infections and UTIs: Women frequent urination, as the body is may experience more frequent Catching diabetes at its earliest can trying to increase fluid to alleviate vaginal yeast infections and urinary help individuals avoid long-term excess sugar. tract infections if they have diabedamage to the body and improve their tes. overall health. This means recognizing 3. Dry skin: Dry skin, especially around the feet, can be a symptom signs that suggest the presence of If a person is experiencing any of these of diabetes. diabetes and its precursor, prediabetes. conditions, he or she should schedule 4. Slow-healing wounds: A higher an appointment with a health care According to OSF Healthcare, an blood sugar level can interfere with provider to determine if diabetes is to integrated health care network serving individuals across Illinois and Michithe body’s ability to heal wounds. blame.
CROHN’S Diagnosis and treatment Doctors will order blood tests as well in families. Research suggests that a as imaging, such as colonoscopy and person with a parent or sibling with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, to Crohn’s disease may be more likely diagnose Crohn’s disease. Treatment to develop the disease than those depends on what’s causing symptoms, with the goal being to induce with no such connection. Smoking, eating a high-fat diet and use of non- remission (time between symptom flare-ups), says the Cleveland Clinic. steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Corticosteroids, antibiotics, immualso may increase the risk of develnomodulators, biologics, and other oping Crohn’s disease. medications may be used. Depending on the case, bowel rest also may Additional risk factors Crohn’s disease can occur at any age, be advised to give the intestines a chance to heal. This involves foregobut the Mayo Clinic says a person is likely to develop the condition when ing food and beverages for several he or she is young. Most people with days and relying on intravenous (parenteral) nutrition. Crohn’s are diagnosed before age 30. The individuals with the highest Crohn’s disease is estimated to affect risk of developing Crohn’s disease half a million people in the United tend to be white, especially those of States, says the NIDDK. More inforEastern European (Ashkenazi) Jewish mation about Crohn’s is available at niddk.nih.gov. descent. Continued From Page 6
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What is prediabetes Type 2 diabetes is a serious condition that affects millions of people across the globe. In the United States alone, more than 37 million people have diabetes, with approximately 90 to 95 percent of those individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
means blood glucose levels are higher than normal, even if they have not yet reached the point that indicates diabetes. Prediabetes is nothing to take lightly, as even this condition can increase risk of injury or illness to the heart, kidneys and nerves.
When a person has type 2 diabetes, their body either doesn’t produce enough insulin or it resists insulin. Without treatment, type 2 diabetes can lead to serious health implications.
Prediabetes typically does not show any signs or symptoms. One possible sign, darkened skin on certain parts of the body like the neck, armpits and groin, may be overlooked, states the Mayo Clinic. Still, of those with prediabetes, 80 percent do not know they have it, according to the Centers for Disease Control and
Before an individual develops type 2 diabetes, a precursor known as prediabetes may be diagnosed. Johns Hopkins Medicine says having prediabetes
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Did you know? It might not garner the same level of attention as apples, bananas or other popular fruits, but the humble pear packs quite a nutritious punch. According to USA Pears, a medium-sized, 100-calorie pear contains 21 percent of the recommended daily value of fiber and 8 percent of the recommended daily value of vitamin C. The fiber in pears can be especially beneficial, as fiber promotes a healthy gastrointestinal tract and helps maintain balance and regularity. Fiber also has been linked to a reduced risk for colorectal cancer, making pears a worthy addition to anyone’s diet.
See PrediaBeteS Page 11
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How to keep young athletes healthy After COVID-19 waylaid sports participation and other activities, young athletes have returned to competitive athletics in droves. The most recent data from the Sports & Fitness Industry Association says 37 percent of children between the ages of six and 12 played team sports on a regular basis in 2021. At the highest point in 2008, 45 percent were involved in sports. According to various youth sports participation surveys, including those from the Aspen Institute and TeamSnap, children between the ages of six and 18 spend an average of 16.6 hours each week playing sports.
Cats are more than just furry friends Cat owners have a tendency to be especially devoted to their feline friends, and research indicates cats return the favor by providing a host of health benefits to their owners. The Human Animal Bond Research Institute reports that cat ownership can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and improve heart health. In addition, the HABRI notes that cat ownership can help to alleviate social isolation and feelings of loneliness and even reduce stress.
With so much time devoted to sports participation, everyone involved can take steps to ensure that young athletes are safe and healthy during practice and play. • Encourage rest. Pushing the body to the brink without routine rest is a recipe for injury. Rest provides recovery time for muscles and joints as well as the mind. Athletes can aim for at least one day off from the sport per week. After the season ends, children can take an extended break before beginning a new sport. • Eat balanced meals. Families can plan balanced meals that will
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provide the nutrition young athletes need to fuel their bodies. With increased physical activity comes a need to eat more. The International Olympic Committee says nutrients such as vitamin D, calcium and iron are essential but often lacking in youths with restrictive diets. A young athlete should eat plenty of complex carbohydrates, healthy fats, protein, and vegetables. • Encourage variety. MedlinePlus reports that many young athletes are engaging in “single-sport specialization” early on, focusing only on one sport, even during offseasons. Repetitive use of joints, bones and muscles for these sports can cause various injuries. To prevent that, young athletes should participate in a variety of sports and training exercises. • Wear the right gear. Athletes always should wear the safety gear required for the sport they’re playing. This may include eye protection, helmets and more. • Discourage young athletes from playing through pain. Pressing on through pain or an injury is a recipe for damage that could keep a player out for
the season or even permanently. Young athletes shouldn’t try to be heroes and play through pain. • Alleviate mental pressure on athletes. Many young athletes throw themselves entirely into sports, perhaps at the expense of having more well-rounded childhoods. The National Federation of State High School Associations says only around 2 percent of high school athletes are awarded some form of athletic scholarship to compete in college, and fewer than 2 percent of NCAA student athletes go on to play professionally. Putting all of one’s eggs in the sports basket can contribute to anxiety that stems from pressure to succeed. Keep the emphasis on fun so young athletes don’t feel pressured. • Avoid performance-enhancing substances. Caffeine, anabolic steroids, steroid precursors, creatine, and stimulants are substances athletes use to boost performance. They can cause many health issues and even lead to addiction. Young athletes can take many steps to stay healthy without affecting how much they enjoy the thrill of competition.
A more active, engaged brain could help delay the onset of Alzheimer’s disease in aging individuals by a significant amount of time. A study published in the journal Neurology in 2021 found that high levels of cognitive activity can delay the onset of Alzheimer’s disease in individuals 80 or older by five years. Reading was among the cognitive activities researchers associated with that delay. In addition, a separate study found that more passive cognitive activities could be linked to an increase in dementia risk. That study, published in the journal PNAS in 2022, linked activities such as watching television with an increased risk for dementia.
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PREDIABETES Continued From Page 9 Prevention. Routine physical examinations and bloodwork are a key tool in diagnosing prediabetes and getting people the care they need. The CDC indicates a fasting blood sugar level of 100 to 125 mg/dL (99 or lower is normal) is considered prediabetes. A level of 126 mg/DL or higher indicates diabetes. The good
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news is that prediabetes does not need to turn into full-blown diabetes if people embrace various strategies. • Aspire to live a healthier lifestyle: Exercising more, losing weight and changing the foods one eats can stop and even reverse the progression of prediabetes, says Johns Hopkins Medicine. A doctor may suggest a diabetes prevention program.
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• Medication: Medications to lower blood sugar may be prescribed.
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avoiding a diabetes diagnosis is just one of them.
Prediabetes is a serious concern that • Manage stress: High stress levels may escalate and turn into type 2 diabetes if left unchecked. Individuals may exacerbate hormonal responses and lead to prediabetes. who are overweight, have large waist Finding ways to reduce stress can sizes, are sedentary, are over the age of 35, and have a family history of help. type 2 diabetes should talk to their • Quit smoking: There are scores doctors about their own risk for the disease. of reasons to quit smoking, and
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