A true West Texas journey from young construction worker to president of a top oilfield services company
SEE INSIDE:
From oilfield work to the banking industry, meet WTNB President Chris Whigham Barnett, Woodford becoming top targets for Permian operators
What’s in a word? A lot when it comes to oilfield terminology
Oil and gas education opportunities start as early as high school
Special section: Profiles on Leading Women and Faces of Oil & Gas
The Permian Basin, spanning roughly 86,000 square miles across West Texas and southern New Mexico, stands as one of the most significant energy-producing regions in the world. Revered for its vast reser ves of oil and natural gas, this geological mar vel has played a central role in shaping the energy landscape of the United States and beyond.
Each year, Har t Energy convenes the top executives and thought leaders from the leading Permian Basin oil and gas producers at the DUG Executive Oil Conference & Expo. In its 31st year, this annual conference returns to Midland, the Hear t of the Permian, bringing together industr y exper ts for two days on November 20-21. Through networking, panel discussions and exper t presentations, the event sheds light on how the industr y can navigate – and thrive – through economic, environmental and political shifts.
Veteran Permian oil and gas executive Steve Pruett, President and CEO of
Elevation Resources LLC and chairman of the Independent Petroleum Association of America, has been associated with the conference since its founding in the 1990s.
“I always come away from Har t Energy’s Executive Oil Conference with new connections and knowledge that help my business, along with renewed ties with old friends,” said Pruett. “It brings together local operators as well as ser vice company leaders, capital providers and
Recognizing the Leaders
Over the past two years, the Permian Basin has led the way in recordbreaking M&A consolidations— ExxonMobil buying Pioneer Natural Resources for nearly $65 billion; Diamondback Energy scooping up Endeavor Energy Resources for $26 billion; ConocoPhillips acquiring Marathon Oil for $22.5 billion; Occidental Petroleum buying
Permian players from across the countr y.”
CrownRock many Major and, has media breaking infor
The converges in-person timely Har Oxy fresh deal, speaker Executive A Per industr sustainability capture. first facility removing atmosphere Oxy’ carbon
Also, Har honor founder
Autr Achievement Stephens Midland Energy continue the industr
CrownRock for $12 billion; and many more.
Major deals like these make news and, for over 50 years, Har t Energy has been considered the unbiased media resource, staying on top of breaking news and industr y intel to inform the E&P industr y’s leaders. The DUG Executive Oil Conference converges the editorial coverage with in-person conferences to facilitate timely industr y discussions.
Har t Energy is thrilled to announce Oxy President and CEO Vicki Hollub, fresh off of Occidental’s CrownRock deal, as the conference’s keynote speaker and recipient of the 2024 Executive of the Year honors.
The conference will also host Scott Sheffield, Pioneer Natural Resources’ founding CEO, speakers from ConocoPhillips and additional leading Permian producers, as well as top midstream operators and ser vice providers, to discuss what’s still to come for the region and its impact on the countr y’s leadership in global oil and gas supply
The basin by the numbers
to transpor tation. Local economies in Texas and New Mexico have benefited from increased tax revenues, infrastructure development and higher wages. The ripple extends nationally as lower energy costs boost manufacturing, transpor tation and other energy-intensive sectors.
A Permian giant, Oxy also leads the industr y in enhanced oil recover y and sustainability projects like direct air capture. In 2025, Oxy will open the first major direct air capture facility, Stratos, in the Permian, removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and fur ther cementing Oxy’s role as the leader in sustainable carbon investment.
Also, as par t of the conference, Har t Energy will posthumously honor Endeavor Energy Resources founder and legendar y wildcatter
Autr y Stephens with the Lifetime Achievement Award. Earlier this year, Stephens signed a deal to divest to Midland neighbor Diamondback Energy, leaving a legacy that will continue to be a driving force in the industr y
The numbers tell the stor y of the shale industr y’s shift from the pioneering gas basins to the Permian. Today, the Permian has skyrocketed to a record high of about 6.2 MMbbl/d, accounting for 47% of the nation’s world-leading crude oil output. The Permian produces more than triple the amount of oil than the U.S. Gulf of Mexico and nearly five times the output of the next-largest liquids-rich basin: the Williston Basin’s Bakken. In the Permian, oil is king. And with oil comes natural gas: The Permian’s more than 6 MMbbl/d also sur faces the U.S.’ second-most Bcf/d, only behind the massive Appalachian region.
The economic influence of the Permian Basin cannot be overstated. The oil and gas industr y in the region has been a significant job creator, suppor ting thousands of workers in fields ranging from engineering
The Permian’s role in eliminating U.S. dependence on unfriendly foreign oil sources has had strategic and economic benefits. By increasing domestic production, the U.S. has enhanced its energy security, shielding itself from the volatility of international oil markets and reducing the geopolitical risks associated with impor ting energy.
The Future Looks Bright
As we look ahead to the future of the Permian Basin, the region faces tremendous oppor tunities and significant challenges. The power of the Permian Basin lies not just in its geological riches but in its capacity for transformation. As one of the world’s most impor tant energyproducing regions, it has fueled economic growth, enhanced U.S. energy security and reshaped global energy markets. As it has for more than 100 years, the Permian Basin will remain a cornerstone of the global energy landscape for centuries to come.
28 Lightning rods: The 18th-century invention protecting West Texas oil fields
30 Cybersecurity expert warns of increased cyberattack risks in oil and gas industry 34 Water companies see increased adoption of water reuse, recycling 36 Lack of attractive targets slows M&A activity
38 Banks help smaller players thrive in the Permian Basin
42 Barnett, Woodford becoming top targets for Permian operators 44 WTNB President Chris Whigham shares unique path from oilfields to banking
46 Adrian Carrasco, president of Premier Energy Services shares his journey from construction work at age 9 to leading a top oilfield services company
Faces of Oil and Gas Section
Oilfield equipment auctions remain popular 76 Next Decade: LNG halt flows back to Permian gas producers
78 Philanthropy involves more than just writing a check 80 Federal, state legislative issues ‘coming at us rapid-fire’
Rising auto, umbrella insurance costs challenge oilfield service companies
DAN BANNISTER/GETTY IMAGES
WE PRODUCE ENERGY THAT FUELS MODERN LIFE.
STAFF INFORMATION
GENERAL MANAGER
Robert Granfeldt, Robert.Granfeldt@hearstnp.com
EDITORIAL DIRECTOR
Trevor Hawes, Trevor.Hawes@hearstnp.com
REPORTERS
Mella McEwen, B. Kay Richter, Kessly Salinas
PHOTOGRAPHER
B. Kay Richter
SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS EDITOR
Kevin Scannell, Kevin.Scannell@hearstnp.com
PUBLICATION DESIGNER
Kelsi Pohlman
ACCOUNT REPRESENTATIVES
Chad Anderson, Shannon Frost, Kristin Hiers
ACCOUNTING MANAGER
Sheri Rycerz
EDITORIAL/ADVERTISING OFFICES
MRT Media Group
15 Smith Rd., Suite 1004 Midland, TX 79705
432-682-5311 www.mrt.com
Feedback: news@mrt.com
The Midland Reporter-Telegram’s Oil Report Edition highlights the Permian Basin’s vibrant oil industry including some of the key individuals, companies, products and much more.
To advertise in Midland ReporterTelegram print and digital products, call the newspaper office at 432-687-8813.
To submit a story idea or to inquire about freelance writing and photography opportunities, contact Trevor Hawes at Trevor.Hawes@hearstnp.com.
The MRT Oil Report Magazine is a publication of the MRT Media Group. All rights reserved. No part of the publication may be reproduced in any form without prior written consent.
MIDLAND COLLEGE OFFERS DIVERSE CAREER AND TECHNICAL PROGRAMS FOR WORKFORCE READINESS
By Kessly Salinas Staff Writer
Midland College offers a whole division of career and technical programs that prepare students for the workforce and meet professional development needs.
The programs range from energy technology to oil and gas, auto and diesel, business, paralegal studies, criminal justice, fire and emergency medical services (EMS) education.
“There are a lot of career and technical options,” said Jennifer Myers, associate vice president of Workforce Education. “We also offer healthcare programs that are considered workforce education because they are preparing students to go into the workforce.”
Myers said that workforce education prepares individuals for the workforce by providing them with any training that they need.
“We can customize and do training for any business in the city or in our service area,” Myers said.
Myers added that another aspect of the workforce education is continuing education.
“Continuing education ideally caters to everyone,” Myers said. “We serve students who are looking to gain basic computer skills such as learning how to open a word document all the way up to our professionals who are receiving ongoing professional development.”
Continuing education is meant to serve the needs of the students and offers customized training.
Chelsy Gann, the director of workforce
continuing education and the Petroleum Professional Development Center, said that Midland College can design programs that cater specifically to a company’s needs.
“I’m working with a company now to customize some Excel training specifically for them, using their data to help their employees learn how to analyze it,” Gann said.
Myers added that Midland College can train on almost anything related to continuing education.
“If a company has a group of employees that needs to learn a skill, for example a basic weld, we can teach them here,” Myers said. “We can train them on high end equipment that they are going to see in the field.”
She added that the college works to find the instructors and get the curriculum ready to teach the students.
When in need of an instructor, Midland College looks to their faculty to see if there is anyone that can be utilized to teach that subject.
“We like to start in house,” Gann said. “If we don’t have anyone at Midland College that can teach a subject, we start to look at other professionals that we’ve worked with for various projects.”
Myers added that the college also offers part time positions for anyone who’s interested in teaching.
“We have a program that caters to our 55 and above students and one of the classes is quilting,” Myers said. “Our instructor for that is amazing and just loves to quilt and wants to share that passion.”
She added that sometimes a professional degree isn’t needed to be a teacher and that if anyone is interested in teaching a subject, they can reach out to the college.
“That’s how a few of our classes started,” Myers said. “Our compliance courses started because the instructor reached out to us and said, ‘I teach this on my own, but I’m interested in partnering with the college’ and it’s been very successful.”
Myers said that continuing education not only ranges in topics, but also on the type of class.
Some companies may choose to do a lunch and learn, another may be a class that’s eight hours long and completes the training, while others can span over a few months.
Myers added that it depends on the type of training needed and how many hours are needed to effectively complete that training.
“I don’t know that enough businesses or organizations think that their local community college has the means to do a customized training program or to provide a certain industry-based credential to their employees,” Myers said.
At Midland College, students can get their continuing education credits.
“It can be a great introductory to a college setting to individuals who have never been to college,” Myers said. “It’s a safe space to learn.”
She added that there is also grant money available to small companies who may need additional training for their employees.
“The state of Texas is offering funds to businesses and colleges to partner together to offer the essential skills necessary to have a highly trained workforce,” Myers said. “The cost doesn’t always have to fall on the organization or business.”
Gann said that workforce training can encompass both hard skills, such as a basic weld, and soft skills such as leadership training.
“A lot of times we can also go to their facilities and teach, if necessary,” Myers said. “We can do a lunch and learn at the business. With continuing education, we have a lot of flexibility to offer customized training for our local businesses and industry partners.”
OIL AND GAS PROFESSIONALS’ CAREERS ADVANCE WITH CONTINUING EDUCATION
By Kessly Salinas Staff Writer
Midland College’s Petroleum Professional Development Center provides a variety of training courses for oil and gas professionals so that they can continue their education and advance in their current field.
Classes range from introductory classes to safety training and land management training.
“We have some courses that kind of start at the base level, like intro to oilfield
terminology and intro to oilfield operations,” said Chelsy Gann, director of the PPDC. “Then we have classes that can definitely get more advanced, when you’re talking about remediation and land man work.”
Gann added that the PPDC offers a variety of safety training classes for oil and gas professionals, but also general industry professionals.
“These classes are through what we refer to as the Risk Management Institute, or risk management training,” Gann said. “All of those classes are free to students and are funded by a grant from Texas Mutual Insurance”
The classes offered through the risk management training include OSHA 10 and OSHA 30.
Depending on the course, students can take these classes in person or online.
The PPDC also offers hands-on training for students.
“Our instructors will bring in items for demonstrations,” Gann said. “Students can get a better understand of this is what I learned, and this is what it looks like and feels like.”
Gann said that own of their classes also took students to the Petroleum Museum so that they can tie things together visually.
“Another example is our transportation training,” said Jennifer Myers, associate vice president of workforce education. “Our students are in the trucks being taught how to drive an 18-wheeler to get their CDL.”
For the safety courses, students are practicing on mannequins to learn how to do chest compressions and blow air into the mouth of somebody during CPR. They also practice with automated defibrillators.
“We want to make sure that students are learning on state-of-the-art equipment that they’re going to see when they go into that job,” Myers said. “We want to make sure that it looks very similar here.”
Myers added that Midland College’s oil and gas partners in the community have a need for more qualifies employees and that the PPDC’s team is working diligently to close that gap.
“Chelsy and her team have done a great job to try and recruit more instructors that will do entry level oil and gas training,” Myers said.
She added that companies need employees with certain skill sets.
“A high school student may have an understanding of what type of jobs are in the field of oil and gas, such as being a roughneck, working in a pipe yard and driving a truck,” Myers said. “But there’s a lot of different positions within the oil and gas field that is very technical and computerized. Chelsy and her team have worked to garner more interest from high school students as well to build the pipeline of workers that will stay in the region.”
Gann said that they are trying to increase the college going culture in the region as a whole and one of the audiences they cater to are the high school students who are doing dual credit courses through the energy career and technical education pathway.
She added that they also want to recruit students who are continuing their education and going to Midland College to receive their GED or learn English.
Midland College can also provide customized training that caters to the needs of the oil and gas industry. They work to find faculty that can teach students so that they’re ready to work in the oil and gas industry.
The PPDC also helps oil and gas professionals earn any certifications that they need through the training that it provides.
“A big thing I would like to relay to people are the customized training that can be used either in the oil and gas industry or outside of that,” Gann said. “Let us try to put something together for you before you go somewhere else for that training.”
The PPDC offers a wide range of courses in business, finance and leadership, engineering wellsite and drilling operations, geoscience, land management training and software training.
A full list of course offerings can be found on the PPDC’s website.
MIDLAND ISD EIGHTH GRADERS CHART COURSE FOR CAREER SUCCESS
By Kessly Salinas Staff Writer
Eighth grade students will soon start learning about the different career and technical education (CTE) pathways that will prepare them to choose a four-year plan for their high school education.
“We start out early,” said Jeff Horner, the executive director of career and technical education (CTE) at Midland ISD. “Counselors will present videos to kids that they can send home to their parents.”
Horner added that in January, MISD hosts a CTE Expo and Industry Day for students and parents to attend, meet the teachers and learn about the programs of study available.
Midland ISD has College and Career Academies that offer dual-credit CTE programs of study that give students the opportunity to earn Level 1 college certificates and industry-based certificates.
One of the programs is oil and gas production, which teaches students how to process, refine and distribute petroleum and gas. Students also learn how to regulate the flow of oil into pipelines, control pumping systems and operate and maintain machinery to generate electric power.
“It used to be called the Petroleum Academy, but we stopped calling it that because it’s even more than it used to be,” Horner said. “It started seven or eight years ago when we met with community members in the industry to get their input. We worked with the college and decided to put together a program where students could leave with a level one certificate.”
Horner said that the energy pathway program encompasses subjects such as welding, diesel and automotive because those also play big roles in the industry.
“There’s a variety of introductory courses such as mechatronics, where they learn about pumps and electrics,” Horner said. “It’s a great introduction and students leave very well equipped to go into any additional training that the oil companies and support companies have at their facilities.”
Students become well equipped for their future through CTE programs.
Horner said that last year, three students were selected by Warren CAT to participate in their internship program and each
intern had the opportunity to get paid to finish their degree.
The oil and gas exploration program begins the sophomore year of high school, where students take introductory classes such as introduction to petroleum, environmental technology (OSET 1-OG) and introduction to occupational safety.
“They spend time on safety, measurement, math skills,” Horner said. “It’s really an introduction into oil and gas production.”
Junior year, students take the course titled Oil and Gas that encompasses mechatronics, pumps and more.
“They’ll do basic mechanics for energy, fluid power, which is pumps, compressors and mechanisms and then industrial automation,” Horner said.
Senior year, students take oil and gas production III and IV which leads them toward graduation with an industrybased certification, a Level 1 certification and 18 hours of college credit hours.
Students in the oil and gas production program also learn about the opportunities they can take postgraduation, such as earning associate degrees in lease operator, automation and chemical process technology.
They can also earn a bachelor’s, master’s, doctorate or professional certifications in mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, industrial engineering and engineering/industrial management.
Students get experience in handson learning because they have labs with simulators at the Midland College Advanced Technology Center, where they can practice the skills they have learned. The simulators put students through real-life scenarios that they may face out on the field.
“One lab simulates the pumps and fluids and students have to go through a series of decisions about how to arrange the pump compressor,” Horner said. “The other lab is the mechatronics lab that programs everything from conveyor belts to robotic arms. It’s neat.”
Horner added that with the construction of the new two new high schools, MISD will be able to build quality CTE spaces.
“We will be able to have bigger lab spaces,” Horner said. “We also have plans for expanding the dual credit with the college, who is looking at possibly building an industrial arts facility.”
Horner added that this possible space would allow them to serve more kids.
“It’s important to us because we have more kids interested than we’re able to send right now,” Horner said. “We’re excited to possible expand our program with the college’s expansion.”
PHOTOS COURTESY MIDLAND ISD
UT PERMIAN BASIN TO LAUNCH CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAM IN 2025
By Kessly Salinas Staff Writer
The University of Texas Permian Basin
is introducing a civil engineering program in fall 2025, filling a need for civil engineers in the region.
“We realized there is a deficiency in civil engineers by working with our community partners,” said UTPB Provost and Senior Vice President for Academic Affairs Rajalingam Dakshinamurthy. “In the last seven years, we have gained a lot of community friends and partners, and they have a need for the civil engineering.”
Starting next fall, UTPB will mark civil engineering as it’s fifth undergraduate program in engineering.
The engineering program at UTPB currently has four undergraduate programs in mechanical, petroleum, electrical and chemical and one graduate program in mechanical engineering.
“Due to the nature of the university, we need to align with the needs of the community,” Dakshinamurthy said. “Creating career pathways in health, science, business, engineering and STEM is a critical piece for us that aligns with the community and our partners.”
Although the program will officially launch next year, the university is already taking steps to grow the program, such as hiring faculty and recruiting students.
“When you launch a new undergraduate engineering program, during the freshman year and sophomore year, everyone will
take very generic engineering,” Dakshinamurthy said. “We have hired faculty that will teach these generic courses and start preparing the courses for civil engineering that will start in the fall of 2025.”
Dakshinamurthy added that the university expects to see civil engineering students next fall, including current undergraduate students.
“We believe that hopefully some of our undergraduate students will express more interest in civil engineering and switch their track,” Dakshinamurthy said. “We also have undeclared STEM majors that may want to pursue civil engineering.”
Dakshinamurthy said that the new program will help the university produce graduates that meet the needs of the Permian Basin.
He added that each type of engineer plays a role in the oil and gas industry and that civil engineers are needed to build platforms, buildings, and infrastructures that the industry needs.
“That’s why our community partners came to us four years ago to tell us that we needed to create a civil engineering program and that they would be here to support us,”
Dakshinamurthy said. “This is an effort for us to resonate with the communities. We will be producing graduates that will stay in the Permian Basin to meet our local needs.”
He added that UTPB is aligning their programs based on what the Permian Basin will need for the next 20 years, not just in oil and gas, but also for the development of cities and infrastructural needs.
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND SCIENCES
Along with the introduction of the civil engineering program, UTPB is undergoing a re-administration of some of the schools.
Next year, the university will have a new College of Engineering and Sciences, which will add additional programs to the College of Engineering.
Dakshinamurthy said that the reorganization of some of the courses will help them align with creating career pathways but that there is also a lot of benefits that come with it.
“For example, a lot of electrical engineering work and computer science work is very similar,” Dakshinamurthy said. “A lot of petroleum engineering work and our geology program work is very similar.”
Dakshinamurthy added that next year the university will see multidisciplinary science programs
added to the college of engineering.
“What we are doing is moving chemistry, geology, computer science and math to the College of Engineering,” Dakshinamurthy said. “This will allow for more collaboration and more opportunities for faculty and students to work together.”
He added that students will have the opportunity to learn about new technology, instrumentation and experience doing research.
“Students will have the opportunity to experience doing research that is critical for the Permian Basin and the oil and gas industry,” Dakshinamurthy said.
Because of the overlap between the science programs and engineering programs, the university wanted to bring them together under one school.
UTPB is also reorganizing other schools, such as adding biology and
“We value the things the students learn inside the classroom,” Dakshinamurthy said. “We also believe in having high impact labs that provide discipline and industry specific hands-on training. It’s a valuable tool in our region because you learn something in theory, but you also need to translate that lesson into operations.”
psychology to the College of Health Sciences and dropping sciences from Arts and Sciences, which will now be the School of Arts and Humanities.
“By bringing them together, we open up a STEM pathway for our undergraduate students to pursue interdisciplinary activities,” Dakshinamurthy said. “This is going to facilitate a more efficient operation and will have a direct impact on students and the potential opportunities they get out of this.”
PHOTOS BY KESSLY SALINAS/REPORTER-TELEGRAM
OILFIELD TERMINOLOGY IS NOT ONLY MATTER OF SAFETY, EFFICIENCYBUT
By Mella McEwen Oil Editor
Newbies to the oil fields of the Permian Basin may understandably be confused by the lingo they hear during their first days on the job. What exactly, they may wonder, do dogs, cats, fish, rats and mice — eek! — or rams and even worms — eww! — have to do with producing oil and natural gas?
Knowing those terms, many of which date back to the early days of the industry, can be important.
“It’s a safety component,” said Tommy Lent, who has taught a course on oilfield terminology at Midland College’s Petroleum Professional Development Center since 2010.
Lent says it’s a safety issue because new workers — known as “worms” in oilfield parlance — need to understand the terminology because their coworkers may be shouting warnings at them — or telling them they’re using the wrong piece of equipment.
Despite the advances in automation technology and safety, Lent pointed out that oilfield equipment can still be dangerous. And having a broad overview of the terms can give newcomers a head start.
“Newcomers tell me they get a lot from hearing the terms,” he said. “We talk about the definitions but also the processes in
which those terms are used.”
One woman who took his class told him she’d worked in the accounting department of an oil company for 25 years and didn’t know half the terms, hoping that she was coding them into the right categories.
Teaching his first class in 2010, “I thoroughly loved it. I’ve retired, but I still teach it,” Lent said.
He described the class as serious but with light undertones. There are a few terms that will make someone in the class ask if he’s pulling their legs.
A term that always raises eyebrows is “dead man,” which refers to any piece of equipment buried underground, but especially guy wire anchors.
Students may also be perplexed by terms that have two meanings, such as “rat holes.”
In one sense, it’s small hole is drilled near the wellbore used to store the “kelly,” which connects the swivel to the drill pipe, until it’s needed. It’s also an extra hole at the bottom of a wellbore that gives more maneuvering room for “packers.”
Newcomers also scratch their heads over the term the shifts worked by drilling crews. It’s spelled t-o-u-r but pronounced “tower.”
Lent said terminology has changed a bit as technology has advanced. For example, horizontal drilling, now dominant in the Permian Basin, was an anomaly. In fact, he said, some technical materials still list it as a specialty drilling item.
CATLINE A steel line located on the rig floor meant to aid in lifting medium weight objects up to, and down from, the rig.
CATWALK A steel walkway on the ground next to the rig where pipe is positioned to be lifted to the floor by the catline.
TREE (see also Wellhead) A term describing the valve and piping arrangement that sits atop the wellbore during the production phase, to control the flow of oil, gas and water.
CHRISTMAS
A Chevron worker walks up to the doghouse of a drilling rig.
HOUSTON CHRONICLE
DEAD MAN Any piece of equipment that is buried underground, but especially a guy wire anchor.
DOG HOUSE The room attached to the drilling rig floor in which equipment is housed, change of clothes are kept, rig data is kept and personnel can sit.
DOGLEG A point in the open hole at which a severe change in angle exists and is created while drilling.
FISH Any piece of equipment that has become lodged in the hole and has to be removed.
FISHING The operation of recovering a fish.
HEATER TREATER A piece of production equipment which, enhanced by applied heat, separates combined oil, gas and water into separate streams.
MOUSE HOLE A small hole drilled near the wellbore in which the next joint of drill pipe to be run is temporarily stored until it is needed.
PILL A pre-mixed volume of fluid designed to achieve a specific result that is pumped into the hole (such as increased viscosity).
RAMS, BLIND The hard rubber pieces located inside a BOP which clamp together, sealing off any fluids from escaping to the surface, via the BOP.
RAMS, PIPE The hard rubber pieces located inside a BOP which clamp around the pipe, sealing off any fluids from escaping to the surface.
RAT HOLE A small hole drilled near the wellbore in which the kelly is temporarily stored until it is needed.
STABBING BOARD A temporary board(s) placed about 40’ up in the derrick, to stand on, to aid in aligning the next joint of casing to be screwed into the previous joint.
TOOL PUSHER The supervisor of a single drilling rig, working for the drilling contractor. The three “drillers” report to him.
TOUR (pronounced “tower”)
One, 8-hour or 12-hour, shift worked by drilling crews; typically the Daylight Tour, the Evening Tour and the Morning Tour.
THROWING THE CHAIN
The act of wrapping a chain around a joint of drill pipe and pulling it tight to facilitate screwing it into the previous joint.
TURNING TO THE RIGHT
A slang term meaning “drilling ahead”. When viewed from the drill floor, the bit turns in a righthand (clockwise) direction.
WORM A slang term for an extremely inexperienced person.
OILFIELD WORKERS FACE BOTH VISIBLE AND HIDDEN INJURIES ON THE JOB
By Trevor Hawes Editorial Director
It takes a lot of equipment and a lot of people to pull oil and gas out of the ground, which is one reason why working in the oilfield is incredibly dangerous. While safety is critical, injuries do happen.
Some injuries are visible. Some are not.
We reached out to Dr. Rohith Saravanan, chief medical officer at Midland Health, to learn about the types of injuries they see at Midland Memorial Hospital. The most common?
“Musculoskeletal injuries are always No. 1,” Saravanan said. “It’s a broad category that includes sprains and strains that can occur in many ways such as repetitive motions, being struck by equipment and falls.”
Saravanan added that he has seen a
rise in hand injuries.
“Ergonomics and safe lifting techniques go a long way in preventing musculoskeletal injuries,” he said.
MMH also sees chemical burns and lacerations from sharp tools. “We treat those frequently,” he said.
Protecting the Head and Eyes
On an oil rig, there are lots of moving parts to make the operation go. Head trauma is of a particular
concern. There are different types and different severities, such as blunt-force trauma, penetrating head trauma, concussions and worse.
“When people talk about head injuries, they talk about what they can see on the outside: the scalp and the skull,” Saravanan said. “What they can’t see is the severity of the bruise to the brain.” To put it in perspective, football players get minor head injuries with minor contusions, but over time they can develop major symptoms. This scenario isn’t limited to athletics.
“In the oilfield, a person can have multiple small head traumas or a large, single injury. The skull is there to protect the brain. When we talk about head trauma, we’re talking about damage to the brain and what the long-term consequences will be. However, you can’t predict what the consequences could be. A head trauma patient needs an MRI. The first visit does not necessarily determine the effects. It takes time.”
Saravanan stressed that it’s critical for oilfield workers to follow all safety protocols. “And wear your hardhat. It’s there to protect you.”
MMH also sees eye trauma, particularly those caused by chemical flashes and intense light.
“Eye trauma can lead to permanent vision loss, so wear protective eyewear,” Saravanan said.
Rare but There
Saravanan said the hospital treats several respiratory illnesses in oilfield workers. Among them is silicosis, which is caused by prolonged exposure to silica dust. Breathing fumes and chemicals can also cause respiratory issues.
There’s a respiratory danger more commonly found in Southern California, Arizona and New Mexico that also exists in West Texas that most are unaware of.
“We do occasionally see valley
fever here,” Saravanan said.
Valley fever is a fungal infection caused by coccidioides that can cause a coccidioidomycosis infection, according to the Mayo Clinic. This fungus lives in the soil, and when it’s disturbed through processes such as digging, it can get in the air and into your lungs.
Symptoms of acute valley fever are fever, cough, tiredness, shortness of breath, headache, chills, night sweats, joint aches and muscle soreness. A red, spotty rash can also develop, mainly on the lower logs but sometimes on the chest, arms and back.
Those with chronic valley fever can experience low-grade fever, weight loss, cough, chest pain, nodules in the lungs and bloodtinged sputum. That’s not the worst of it.
The most serious form of the disease is disseminated coccidioidomycosis, the Mayo Clinic says. This can cause nodules, ulcers and skin lesions; painful lesions in the skull, spine or other bones; painful, swollen joints, especially in the knees and ankles. It can also cause meningitis.
“I wouldn’t say it’s common out here, but I wouldn’t call it unique,” Saravanan said.
Mental Health
Cuts, bruises and even amputations are very visible signs that someone has suffered an injury, but mental health issues are also injurious.
“Mental health support for oilfield workers is critical, and having open discussions about mental wellbeing can make a huge difference,” Saravanan said.
Oilfield workers work long hours in high-stress environments, and chronic stress can lead to anxiety disorders.
Oilfield workers often spend long periods of time in isolation.
“The physical isolation that
comes with working in remote locations is common, and being far away from the family and support networks you’re used to can lead to depression,” Saravanan said. “Depression can lead to a lot, including self-harm.”
Those who suffer from an oilfield injury can also develop posttraumatic stress disorder.
Some injuries are visible. Some are not.
“When PTSD occurs, it can cause a number of symptoms, flashbacks and high anxiety included,” Saravanan said.
Mental health issues often go unaddressed.
“There’s a stigma about it without question,” he said. “The stigma is the main reason why mental health is not addressed in this community. However, if we don’t talk about it freely, then people won’t use the resources that are available.”
Take the Time to Heal
Oilfield workers often have a work-first, heal-second mentality that makes it difficult when they are hospitalized for an injury.
“Sometimes they’re like that injured linebacker who wants to get back into the game. We have a similar conversation with our oilfield patients,” Saravanan said.
“You may not understand the consequences at the time, but your longevity is more important. So, if we need to pull you out of the game temporarily, we will. We won’t provide medical clearance until we feel there won’t be any further longterm, detrimental impact.
“If you’re injured, you have to take the time to heal.”
WEATHERING THE ELEMENTS
How to protect yourself from heat and cold in the oilfield
By Trevor Hawes Editorial Director
Oilfield work is done outdoors, and while there are numerous types of physical injuries from working with heavy equipment that can happen on a jobsite, there is another danger that everyone out in the field needs to be keenly aware of: the weather.
West Texas is a place of weather extremes. During the summer months, the temperatures reach triple digits and the air becomes exceptionally dry. In the winter months, it can get downright freezing.
Kit Bredimus, chief nursing officer at Midland Memorial Hospital, shares tips on what oilfield workers should be aware of and what steps they should take to stay safe.
It’s Hot Out There
The key to working outside in the heat is to be prepared.
“When working on an oil rig, there’s not a lot of opportunity to create shade or an air-conditioned environment easily, so your body is going to produce sweat so that you can perspire and cool down,” Bredimus said.
Getting too hot can cause heat exhaustion. Symptoms include cramps,
fatigue, lightheadedness, headache and dizziness.
“If you show symptoms of heat exhaustion, you need to stop working immediately and go to a cooler location to rest,” Bredimus said. “You also need to hydrate with water or a sports drink.”
Being unprepared to work in the heat also leads to a risk of heat stroke, one symptom of which is having a core body temperature of 104 degrees or more, according to the Mayo Clinic.
“Those suffering from heat stroke often become confused or disoriented,” Bredimus said. “One other key indicator is that a person stops sweating. Their skin gets dry and flush. All of these are late signs that a medical issue is happening. Anyone with these symptoms need to seek medical care immediately.”
There are many ways to prepare for a long day outside in the heat. The most important: hydration.
“If you’re going to be out on a rig in the heat, you need to drink water the evening before and in the morning,” Bredimus said.
He advises against drinking caffeinated drinks and alcohol.
“Alcohol and caffeine are both diuretics, which means they increase a body’s production of urine,” Bredimus said. “You need a lot of fluids to stay safe in the heat. Urinating more often
means you need to replace the fluids in your body more often.”
Specifically on caffeine, Bredimus said that while coffee, energy drinks and energy pills might have a positive effect on mental focus, consuming them is not worth the risk of dehydration.
Alcohol and caffeine aren’t the only culprits.
“Foods that have a lot of preservatives are full of sodium, and high sodium can cause dehydration,” Bredimus said. “Beef jerky? No good.”
He said consuming lots of leafy vegetables and fruit as part of a wellbalanced diet goes a long way in keeping people safe. “Fruit is especially good to eat when preparing to work in the heat because they have a lot of water.”
If you’re working in the heat and start to feel thirsty, you’re behind the curve.
“You need to stay on top of it during the workday, as well, by routinely drinking water or electrolyte drinks about every 30 minutes,” Bredimus said. Other safety steps to take are wearing appropriate clothing to protect your skin from the sun, as well as taking frequent breaks to give your body a rest and to cool down.
It’s Cold Out There, Too
While West Texas is often associated with desert-like heat, oilfield work happens year-round. That means laboring in the cold, as well.
“Especially out here in West Texas, it doesn’t snow here very often, but the temperatures can drop very quickly,” Bredimus said. “Always make sure you have loose, dry layers of clothing so you can bundle up or bundle down. This will reduce convection from the wind, which in turn will reduce heat loss.”
Gloves and warm headgear are critical.
“Remember that frostbite can occur and does happen out here,” Bredimus said. “So, you need to protect your fingers, toes, cheeks, chin, ears and nose.”
Symptoms of frostbite include numbness, tingling, change in skin color, clumsiness and blistering after warming, according to the Mayo Clinic. If you have frostbite, get out of the cold and remove wet clothing; protect the injured area from further damage; drink a warm, nonalcoholic beverage; and see a doctor if necessary.
Working out in the cold can also cause hypothermia, which is when the core body temperature drops below 95 degrees, according to the Mayo Clinic.
“Shivering is the first sign that the body is trying to retain heat,” Bredimus said. Other symptoms include slurred speech or mumbling, slow shallow breathing, confusion and loss of consciousness. “Seek medical care immediately if you suspect that you or someone else has hypothermia.”
Drinking warm fluids can be critical to staying safe in the cold — but save the hot toddy for after hours.
“Alcohol won’t warm you up,” Bredimus said. “It’s a vasodilator, which is when blood vessels widen and relax. This can actually make you colder.”
If You See Someone in Trouble
It’s critical that you monitor your own symptoms when working in extreme temperatures; however, it’s important to be on the lookout for those you’re working with as well.
“Those suffering from heat stroke and hypothermia can experience confusion, so they might not necessarily know that they’re in trouble,” Bredimus said. “If you see someone in trouble, get them to a safe place and call for medical help immediately.
“Working out in the field can mean being very far away from a medical center, so always have a plan for what to do in an emergency.
MONTHLY MEAN AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE MIDLAND-ODESSA AREA
LIGHTNING RODS: THE 18TH-CENTURY INVENTION PROTECTING WEST TEXAS OIL FIELDS
By Trevor Hawes Editorial Director
Athunderstorm in West Texas can certainly be an amazing sight to see, but the lightning produced can be damaging — and deadly.
The National Weather Service says the U.S. sees about 25 million lightning strikes per year. From the derrick of a drilling rig to the rim of a storage tank, lots of oilfield equipment is susceptible, but there’s a humble item dating back to the 1700s that is still in use today to provide protection.
Benjamin Franklin began thinking about how to protect people and property from lightning in the 1750s, according to the Franklin Institute. He described an iron rod about 8 to 10 feet long with a sharp point on top where “the electrical fire would, I think, be drawn out of a cloud silently before it could come near enough to strike.”
Add in the lore of Franklin’s famous experiment with a metal key tied to a kite one stormy night in Philadelphia, and the push to attract lightning along a safer pathway via metal rod took hold.
About 200 years after Franklin birthed his first ideas about lightning rods, the Hamilton family in Houston got into the business.
“My grandfather was a journeyman electrician that had done a little bit of lightning protection work on a commercial building,” said Marty Hamilton of Hamilton Lightning Rods. “Not a lot of people were installing lightning rods back then, so he decided to take it full time.”
While Hamilton Lightning Rods has been protecting buildings and equipment since 1959, serving the oil and gas industry is a relatively recent venture.
“We started working with oil and gas companies about 15 years ago,” Hamilton said. “We didn’t advertise for that, and most companies in this industry serve residential and commercial. What really got us into the oil and gas industry was that those companies started calling us.”
Oil tanks are particularly popular for being equipped with lightning rods.
“On a 40-foot-wide tank, the rods go around the edges and are fastened right to the thank,” Hamilton said. “They’re spaced 20 feet apart and are connected with a cable, then to a 10-foot grounding rod in the earth.”
The grounding rod is particularly important. “Lightning will keep going until it finds a ground,” he said.”
Oil tanks aren’t that complicated, Hamilton said, but drilling rigs can be challenging.
“We have to put a heavy ground rod in two different places in the event a rig gets hit,” he said. “Rigs have a lot of heavy-duty steel on them, and lightning only needs 3/16ths of an inch of steel or greater to carry the current.”
Hamilton Lightning Rods typically fastens a lightning rod with copper clamps, and a heavy cable connects to the 10-foot grounding rod.
These tanks are protected by lightning rods from the Hamilton Lightning Rods company.
Franklin envisioned lightning rods of about 10 feet in length. They’re not as long as they used to be.
“The old ones were made of copper and 5 to 6 feet tall,” Hamilton said. “Old barns had them, and they usually only had one place going to the ground via a steel pipe cable, and the grounding depth was pretty shallow. Now they’re about 1 foot tall and made of aluminum and copper. We also use braided cabling now and have much deeper grounding. It’s been pretty much the same since the 1940s and ’50s.”
After a trip to the oilfield, Hamilton saw firsthand just what lightning is like out in West Texas.
“I remember we were leaving a site, and it started to rain harder than I think I’ve ever seen anywhere,” he said. “A couple thousand yards off the road, there was a huge lightning strike. And then I saw a fire.”
“I got into the family business because I’ve always enjoyed working outside, talking with people and having the knowledge that what we do can save a property and lives,” Hamilton said. “Knowing that there aren’t many companies in Texas who provide lightning protection services for the oil and gas industry and after seeing that massive strike myself, I’m glad my company can help keep the oilfield safe.”
LIGHTNING MYTHS
By National Weather Service
Myth: If you’re caught outside during a thunderstorm, you should crouch down to reduce your risk of being struck.
Fact: Crouching doesn›t make you any safer outdoors. Run to a substantial building or hard-topped vehicle. If you are too far to run to one of these options, you have no other good alternative. You are NOT safe anywhere outdoors.
Myth: Lightning never strikes the same place twice.
Fact: Lightning often strikes the same place repeatedly, especially if it’s a tall, pointy, isolated object. The Empire State Building is hit an average of 23 times a year.
Myth: If it’s not raining or there aren’t clouds overhead, you’re safe from lightning.
Fact: Lightning often strikes more than three miles from the center of the thunderstorm, far outside the rain or thunderstorm cloud. “Bolts from the blue” can strike 10-15 miles from the thunderstorm.
Myth: A lightning victim is electrified. If you touch them, you’ll be electrocuted.
Fact: The human body does not store electricity. It is perfectly safe to touch a lightning victim to give them first aid. This is the most chilling of lightning myths. Imagine if someone died because people were afraid to give CPR! When tending to a lightning victim, be aware of the continued threat for lightning, and move yourself and the victim to a safe location as soon as it is possible.
Myth: If outside in a thunderstorm, you should seek shelter under a tree to stay dry.
Fact: Being underneath a tree is the second-leading cause of lightning casualties. Better to get wet than fried!
Myth: If you are in a house, you are 100% safe from lightning.
Fact: A house is a safe place to be during a thunderstorm as long as you avoid anything that conducts electricity. This means staying off corded phones, electrical appliances, wires, TV cables, computers, plumbing, metal doors and windows. Windows are hazardous for two reasons: Wind generated during a thunderstorm can blow objects into the window, breaking it and causing glass to shatter and second, in older homes, in rare instances, lightning can come in cracks in the sides of windows.
Myth: If thunderstorms threaten while you are outside playing a game, it is okay to finish it before seeking shelter.
Fact: Many lightning casualties occur because people do not seek shelter soon enough. No game is worth death or life-long injuries. Seek proper shelter immediately if you hear thunder. Adults are responsible for the safety of children.
Myth: Structures with metal, or metal on the body (jewelry, cellphones, watches, etc), attract lightning.
Fact: Height, pointy shape and isolation are the dominant factors controlling where a lightning bolt will strike. The presence of metal makes absolutely no difference to where lightning strikes. Natural objects that are tall and isolated, but are made of little to no metal, like trees and mountains, get struck by lightning many times a year. When lightning threatens, take proper protective action immediately by seeking a safe shelter and don’t waste time removing metal. While metal does not attract lightning, it does conduct it, so stay away from metal fences, railings, bleachers, etc.
Myth: If trapped outside and lightning is about to strike, I should lie flat on the ground. Fact: Lying flat increases your chance of being affected by potentially deadly ground current. If you are caught outside in a thunderstorm, you keep moving toward a safe shelter.
Myth: Lightning flashes are 2 to 2.5 miles apart
Fact: Old data said successive flashes were on the order of 2 to 2.5 miles apart. New data shows half the flashes are about 5.5 miles apart. The National Severe Storms Laboratory report concludes: “It appears the safety rules need to be modified to increase the distance from a previous flash, which can be considered to be relatively safe, to at least 6 to 8 miles. In the past, 2 to 3 miles was used in lightning safety education.”
Myth: A high percentage of lightning flashes are forked. Fact: Many cloud-to-ground lightning flashes have forked or multiple attachment points to earth. Tests carried out in the U.S. and Japan verify this finding in at least half of negative flashes and more than 70% of positive flashes. Many lightning detectors cannot acquire accurate information about these multiple ground lightning attachments.
Myth: Lightning can spread out some 60 feet after striking earth.
Fact: Radial horizontal arcing has been measured at least 20 yards from the point where lightning hits ground. Depending on soils characteristics, safe conditions for people and equipment near lightning termination points (ground rods) may need to be re-evaluated.
CYBERSECURITY EXPERT WARNS OF INCREASED CYBERATTACK RISKS IN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
By Trevor Hawes Editorial Director
Back in the day, the systems that ran oil and gas operations weren’t like they are today. Automated work was achieved through the programming of complex electrical and pneumatic relays. Now, interconnected computers control operations technology, which can be done remotely from distances far away from the oilfield.
Bringing oil and gas into the networked world has opened the industry up to a different array of issues by way of cyberattacks.
Paul Shaver has seen the changes firsthand.
“Oil and gas was the industry that I used to work in, and it’s still near and dear to my heart,” Shaver said. “It’s probably my deepest source of experience and knowledge, and I still have a lot of friends and colleagues who work in the industry.”
Shaver started as a control systems technician and worked on instrumentation and controls in the Gulf of Mexico. He has also done the programming, design and implementation of control systems and has more than 25 years of experience with operation technology in total.
No longer working with racks upon racks of electrical and pneumatic relays, Shaver is the global practice lead for operations technology security at Mandiant, a cyber defense, threat intelligence and incident response services company that fights cybercrime worldwide — even in the oil patch.
“I’ve seen the 25- to 30-year continual adoption of technology that the oil and
gas industry has made,” Shaver said. “As technology advances, we want to control these operations remotely, and we also want to be intaking and monitoring data.”
Is something offline? Is a pump not pumping? Is a motor spinning too fast? How much oil is flowing? Information like this can be relayed quickly and automatically via the internet, reducing the need to have so many personnel in the field monitoring equipment.
However, with oil and gas being a highdollar industry, cyberattacks threaten to disrupt operations.
Prominent Attacks Already
In 2017, the Triton cyberattack shut down the Petro Rabigh petrochemical plant in Saudi Arabia. Hackers used a then-unknown type of malware to infect the plant’s Triconex safety instrumentation systems, which are designed to shut down equipment in hazardous conditions.
When these safety mechanisms fail, they can cause catastrophic events, including explosions, and the Triton cyberattack demonstrated that safety systems were vulnerable.
Four years later, Colonial Pipeline was struck by a ransomware attack. The company was forced to shut down its pipeline operations for several days, which strained gasoline, diesel and jet fuel supplies on the East Coast. The company paid nearly $5 million in bitcoin to regain control of its systems.
“Anything with a network connection — your phone, your computer, even your smart fridge — becomes part of the attack surface,” Shaver said. “What these attacks in 2017 and 2021 show is that cybercriminals will also target infrastructure.”
Cyberattack Trends
There are several types of cyberattacks. There’s ransomware, where you’re forced to pay a ransom in order to regain control of your systems, like what happened to Colonial Pipeline. There’s corporate espionage, where the bad actor comes from within the company. There’s also hacktivism, which is done for politically or socially motivated causes. Malware, phishing, zero-day exploits, SQL injections, DNS tunneling — it goes on.
However, Mandiant has found two particular types of attacks are becoming more prominent. In its annual M-Trends special report for 2024, attackers are focusing more on evasion by aiming to avoid detection technologies, such as endpoint detection and response. They also want to stay present on a network for as long as possible. They’re doing the latter through two methods.
“The first is a focus on attacking edge devices, which are the firewalls and support connectivity from enterprise connectivity, from the enterprise environment to the operations environment to internet or external data sources,” Shaver said. “That impacts critical infrastructure.”
He said that a lot of places with remote facilities — including the oilfield — use cellular modems or wireless connectivity. If the hardware is not maintained, patched, updated or is too old, it can easily be compromised.
Then there’s the so-called living off the land technique, which is when an attacker uses legitimate, pre-installed tools and software within a target environment, particularly to evade detection.
“They’re using regular, everyday, normal protocols in these environments to do
their recon,” Shaver said. “This makes them harder and harder to detect. That’s when we have to start using anomaly detection on things like common IT protocols and loginlogoff events.
Advice on Staying Safe
Shaver says good security hygiene is paramount, and that means creating a separation between information technology (IT) environments and operations technology (OT) environments.
“For a long time in OT environments, we created very large, open, flat networks,” he said. “Everything was connected to one flat network with no access controls or separation between the levels of critical systems. When you do that, there’s no control access between all these different layers of technology.”
Shaver says creating that separation between IT and OT, as well as the device and controlling instrumentation levels in industrial levels, is really important so that it can be secured.
“So, when one thing is affected, not everything is affected,” he said. “That means having different access credentials for enterprise environments and OT environments. Have firewalls between IT and OT systems that specifically control the exact traffic that can be allowed to connect to the OT. And be sure to have good visibility and monitoring on those firewalls.”
Plus, having an instant response plan and playbook are critical.
“I like to give the hurricane preparation analogy,” Shaver said. “You can’t stop a hurricane from making landfall. You can only prepare. For the attack landscape
we have now, we can’t prevent them from knocking on the door, but we can be prepared for when they do.”
But what happens if bad actors get through?
“This is where a good disaster recovery plan is critical. This includes the executive decision-making process down to the technical response. These are the detailed plans that lay out what needs to be done to restore hardware or replace backups as well as all of the communication required to do that.”
The bottom line: Do everything you can to be better prepared.
“Try not to have a fear, uncertainty and a death response to things,” Shaver said. “It’s like car insurance. You don’t want an accident, but you want to be prepared in the event something bad happens. Preparation is key.”
NITAT TERMMEE/GETTY IMAGES
WATER COMPANIES SEE INCREASED ADOPTION OF WATER REUSE, RECYCLING
By Mella McEwen Oil Editor
Just as water production surges alongside the Permian’s crude and natural gas, so too are efforts to recycle and reuse that water.
“We are very encouraged,” said Amanda Brock, chief executive officer and president of Aris Water Solutions. “We continue to see the
entire industry embrace efforts to reuse produced water.”
She said the company has joint projects with companies like Chevron, ConocoPhillips and Coterra to test technology that safely and costeffectively treats produced water to allow for reuse such as aquifer recharge or land use in agriculture and other industrial uses.
“Everyone is focused on the fact we have drought. West Texas is dry. Texas is a growing state. No one
wants water to be a limiting factor,” Brock said.
The key is people are realizing produced water can be an important resource, she said. The industry just has to show it can treat and reuse the produced water safely and at scale.
Drew Dixon, senior vice president of land, legal and regulatory at Aris, noted that there are existing technologies that can treat the worst water, like that from uranium mines. The issue is cost.
A pond at Infinity Water Solutions’ Mills Ranch facility in Eddy County, New Mexico. COURTESY INFINITY WATER SOLUTIONS
Produced water, for example, can be corrosive and needs to be treated safely, cost-effectively and at scale, he said, and the industry has made great strides in treating that corrosion cost-effectively, safely and consistently.
“We believe we’ve made great strides. Our challenge is ensuring we provide enough assurance as an industry we can deal safely with produced water,” Dixon said. “People hear about produced water and they have this image in their minds. But the water we treat, fish are living happily in it. It’s cleaner than the Pecos River. We have grown cotton and irrigated crops with that water. Universities, consortiums, technology companies are focused on ensuring produced water is viewed differently.”
Adrianne Lopez, technical research and development manager at Texas Pacific Water Resources, said the company is ready to expand from a pilot project in Midland County to a field-scale project along the Pecos River, using treated produced water to treat non-food crops and also discharge water into the Pecos River. She said the company is working with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality on a discharge permit — one of three the agency is considering — and the Railroad Commission on irrigation permits.
Robert Crain, executive vice president with Texas Pacific, agreed the technology to treat produced water is available but cost is a factor, but so is the need for a regulatory framework.
“There’s not a true, firm regulatory framework, but we’re getting there,” he said. “No one has large discharge permits yet. We need a framework for reliable discharge volumes.”
Lopez and Crain stressed their company’s open-door policy with Lopez saying non-government organizations like the Sierra Club and Commission Shift have either visited or want to visit their pilot project.
“They can provide some input, too. We want input from all stakeholders,” she said.
The rise in seismic activity has been linked to increased water injection, and Crain said the industry is transitioning from deep injection to shallow injection.
“Everyone knows we have to get to beneficial reuse,” he said, not just to address seismicity, but “we don’t have enough pore space for all that water.”
Mike Dyson, chief executive officer of Infinity Water Solutions, agreed, saying over the past 18 months there has been an increased realization that beneficial reuse is needed. He said the company is watching the approaching legislative sessions in both Texas and New Mexico, expecting produced water recycling and reuse to be “front and center.”
Dyson said he sees the industry not just having conversations about recycling and reuse of produced water, but taking action. Like Crain,
he said the effort requires not just private enterprise, but the right regulatory framework. And without a regulatory framework, he said investors will be reluctant to invest in the research and infrastructure needed to advance reuse and recycling.
“If we don’t figure out how to manage water efficiently, the industry runs the risk of not being able to optimize oil and natural gas development. For states like Texas, or New Mexico, where 50% to 60% of the state budget comes from oil and gas, we’re talking a significant impact across the entire state,” Dyson said.
Native vegetation being tested and analyzed at Texas Produced Water Resources’ lab in Midland County.
COURTESY TEXAS PACIFIC WATER RESOURCES
Aris Water Solutions has joint projects with major operators to test technology to treat produced water for reuse. COURTESY ARIS WATER SOLUTIONS
LACK OF ATTRACTIVE TARGETS SLOWS M&A ACTIVITY
By Mella McEwen Oil Editor
Upstream mergers and acquisitions got off to a strong start in the first half of 2024.
Diamondback Energy announced in February it would acquire Endeavor Energy Resources for $26 billion and in May, ExxonMobil completed its $63 billion acquisition of Pioneer Natural Resources.
But in the back half of the year, wheeling and dealing has slowed, a result of dwindling attractive targets for buyers, particularly in the Permian Basin, according to Andrew Dittmar, principal analyst at Enverus Intelligence Research.
“Near the end of the third quarter, there has been $12 billion in announced deals for the quarter compared to $53 billion in the first quarter and $31 billion in the second quarter,” he said.
Dittmar said activity also broadened outside the Permian with deals like Devon Energy’s purchase of Grayson Mill in the Williston Basin and SM Energy’s purchase of XCL Resources in the Uinta Basin in the third quarter. However, about 35% of total third quarter deal value was still spent on Permian assets.
“There are still a few bigger private companies to go after in the Delaware and Midland basins, like Double Eagle IV that will help sustain some upstream deal momentum in the Permian. Other private equity firms that have sold like Novo are getting back in and building new positions to sell to public companies down the road,” Dittmar wrote.
In addition, companies are selling, and buying, assets outside the cores of the Delaware and Midland basins, including in the Central Basin Platform, citing Apache’s recent noncore sale for $950 million as an example.
“The Permian is bigger than just its two best known unconventional basins, and there is likely to be an uptick of interest in buying assets in these other areas from private capital. The buyers of these legacy positions are interested in investing capital to optimize production from late-life mature assets and also may invest in new development like shallow San Andres wells on the Central Basin Platform,” Dittmar said.
The Permian also remains the chief focus for mineral buyers given the depth of remaining inventory and high activity levels that help ensure undeveloped locations will be converted into cash flow. With those tailwinds, the Permian should stay central to U.S. upstream M&A activity, even as other plays and basin garner a larger share of deals.
The consolidation in the upstream space has been mirrored by an increase in midstream and oilfield services deals, Dittmar said. For midstream M&A, the Permian is yet again an important component as midstream companies compete to keep volumes in their integrated system and out of the hands of competitors. There has been $30 billion in total U.S. midstream M&A activity in 2024 with $8 billion of that focused on the Permian. Midstream companies are particularly interested in gaining more exposure to natural gas liquids processing and fractionation as the margins are higher compared to handling crude volumes.
ExxonMobil’s acquisition of Pioneer Natural Resources and Diamondback Energy’s acquisition of Endeavor Energy got the M&A market off to a strong start in early 2024 but activity has slowed as the year proceeds. AP PHOTO
BANKS HELP SMALLER PLAYERS THRIVE IN THE PERMIAN BASIN
By Trevor Hawes Editorial Director
Travel the highways and byways of the Permian Basin, and there’s no question that oil and gas operations are everywhere. Drilling a well can cost tens of millions of dollars. That’s where banks come in.
Lending for an oil and gas project isn’t quite the same as a car loan or home mortgage.
“You’ve got diversity in the rock, you’ve got diversity in the people, you’ve got transportation issues — there’s just an abundance of unique risk components that make lending to oil and gas different from typical commercial lending,” said Frank Stowers, chief lending officer at West Texas National Bank.
The people behind the projects can certainly vary. From the large publicly traded companies with thousands of employees down to the two guys who have a postage stamp of land and a dream, banks with energy expertise step in to make oil and gas exploration happen — especially the small independents.
“We love independents because that’s what we are as a bank,” Stowers said. “And independents generally become very loyal to you versus a larger, fully staffed company that has a finance team, a land team and an operations team. A bank loan is likely just a deal for them, it’s not a relationship. We’re not afraid to work with the smaller players.”
Mergers and acquisition activity in the Permian Basin has led to divestitures, which are attractive for smaller companies to snatch up. Banks like that.
“For Texas Capital Bank, we are focused on that relatively small, private, independent company,” said Marc Graham, head of energy at Texas Capital. “With each of these consolidations, there’s a virtuous cycle with these acquisitions. Typically, what happens is when these large companies rank their projects for returns, there’s a line that says they won’t have any return. They divest those assets, which creates new private independents.”
There is a lot of specialized knowledge in the Permian Basin, and Graham says private independents use that knowledge to get profit out of the rock otherwise not considered valuable to larger companies.
“It’s the small players who turn second- and third-tier assets into first-tier assets. Large companies only want first-tier assets,” he said. “That private company is going to say, I have a theory here; there’s a bench that can be developed here; I want to do science on that. That’s the flexibility of the private company, and we’re here to provide the financing to help make it happen.”
Banks like Texas Capital and WTNB don’t just go into a loan with a hope and a prayer. They keep petroleum engineers on staff who use their oil and gas expertise to help determine whether a loan is a risk worth taking. And they don’t just sit behind a desk looking at documents.
“A lot of times we’ll go out when a drilling program is in place just to see what they’re doing and how they’re doing to get a feel for the process,” Stowers said. “On acquisitions, we’ll go out and look at the wells, particularly when we don’t know the operator they’re buying from. How clean are the leases? Are there issues we
see? How knowledgeable are they? It all helps gauge our comfort level.”
Confidence in the oil and gas industry is high, even though some banks are exiting the space.
“For some banks, low commodity prices have them rethinking their appetite for loans,” Graham said. “Plus, they may be
“... oil and gas lending will continue to grow as more people start forming their own companies.”
experiencing credit quality pressures and ESG (environmental, social and governance) pressures. In Europe, green (political) parties have added pressure, as well.”
Graham is neither dismayed nor dissuaded.
“The U.S. and Canada are the most reliable sources of hydrocarbons in the world. They’re low cost, and the legal regimes are stable,” Graham said. “We have unapologetic support for oil and gas because it’s critical to everyone’s lives.”
Companies have become more efficient in the years since the combination of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing unleashed once-unimaginable volumes of hydrocarbons from the rock. Where practically all high-dollar projects used to be financed, companies have increasingly been able to fund production with free cash flow, meaning fewer lending opportunities for banks.
“We’re seeing more deleveraging in the industry right now, but if you get an acquisition, leveraging will take place, but it’s not going to be the same level it was three to five years ago. Those ratios have declined,” Stowers said. “That said, I think oil and gas lending will continue to grow as more people start forming their own companies. We feel good about where the industry is positioned.”
BARNETT, WOODFORD BECOMING TOP TARGETS FOR PERMIAN OPERATORS
By Mella McEwen Oil Editor
Having focused on developing unconventional resources in the Spraberry and Wolfcamp formations, Permian Basin operators are now turning their attention to the Barnett and Woodford shales.
Tim McMahon, project manager of tight oil resource assessment at the Bureau of Economic Geology at the University of Texas at Austin, says the Permian Basin is currently the most active in Barnett drilling with 34 wells completed in 2023.
The emergence of significant hydrocarbon production from the Barnett shale is occurring along the transition from the Central Basin Platform into the Midland Basin primarily in Andrews and Ector counties and extending eastward.
MELLA MCEWEN/REPORTER-TELEGRAM
Andrew Lewis, vice president of geoscience at Fairfield Geotechnologies, offered a case study of five wells targeting the Lower Barnett drilled by Ares Energy in Ector County when he addressed the recent West Texas Geological Society’s Fall Symposium.
“It’s important to have seismic data to help plan wells like this,” Lewis told his audience. Seismic data allowed Ares to move the first well, the Sweet Melissa, 800 feet southwest to mitigate the lateral’s traverse across a potentially faulted structure. The well was drilled longer than planned with a total lateral section of 10,155 feet. Ultimate recovery from this one well is estimated to be 1.2 million barrels of oil and 1.8 trillion cubic feet of natural gas.
Lewis said all five wells are economic successes. They have advantages in competing for capital versus other resource plays because they have a high oil cut of between 70% and 80% and low water cuts, resulting in low wastewater disposal costs.
Graham Spence, vice president of sales and marketing at GeoMark Research, who also addressed the symposium, said current activities confirm Barnett success in the Midland Basin and Central
Andrew Lewis, vice president, geoscience, Fairfield Geotechnologies, offers a case study of five wells targeting the Lower Barnett in Ector County by Ares Energy at the recent West Texas Geological Society fall symposium.
Unit Rig 404 drills a Barnett Shale well for Elevation Resources in Andrews County recently.
COURTESY ELEVATION RESOURCES
Basin Platform. Data is limited, and he said data on the Northwest Shelf is underrepresented. Both benches appear to be carbon rich, he said, with the Woodford containing total organic carbon (TOC) of about 4.9%. The TOCs in the Barnet are between 2% and 5%, he said. Lower Barnett core cuttings in Ector County contained TOCs of 1.16% to 8.03%, making it excellent source rock, Spence said.
A source-to-oil correlation has established an oil-to-oil correlation between the Permian Basin Barnett and Fort Worth Barnett, and there is a clear distinction from the Woodford according to known datasets, he said.
In the Woodford, Spence recommended operators try a hybrid play to take advantage of migrated oil.
Eastern Andrews County and central Ector County offer the best potential, he said.
WTNB PRESIDENT CHRIS WHIGHAM SHARES UNIQUE PATH FROM OILFIELDS TO BANKING
By Trevor Hawes Editorial Director
Chris Whigham is the president of West Texas National Bank, but his background is as unique as the company he works for. Known as Midland’s big “energy bank,” a large part of WTNB’s lending activities are to oil and gas companies. It’s not uncommon for banks engaged in this space to hire petroleum engineers to be on their lending teams, and Whigham is no exception.
Whigham hasn’t only ever worked in banking, however. And as a youngster, he worked jobs out in the field that would make OSHA do more than raise an eyebrow today.
Why did you want to become a petroleum engineer?
Well, I grew up in Midland, and I’ve been here since I was three years old. My father was a petroleum engineer, and I had decided somewhere during high school that I was going to become one myself because the industry was really ramping up in the late 1970s.
Being from Midland, did you ever get any oilfield experience? I’ve heard stories of teenagers working in the field. I was one of them! My first job was working at Stanley’s Exxon gas station on the corner of Wadley and Garfield during the school year. But one summer I met a guy at church who had a well services company. He had three little pulling units, and he needed help. It sounded fun, so I joined him.
How old were you? I was 15.
Fifteen! What would they let a 15 year old do?
I started working on the floor, which meant that whatever the dirtiest job was, you got in the middle of it. That was my first summer. My second summer, they let me go up in the derrick and help the derrick hand.
They don’t let kids do that anymore, do they.
[Laughs] Probably not, no.
That’s interesting. So you’ve actually gotten your hands dirty in oil and gas.
More than my hands. I’ll never forget that on my first day of work, we were on a well down around Midkiff. We were doing a stripping job, which is an ugly job. That’s when the rod is stuck in the tubing, and you’re pulling them both out at the same time.
Long story short, after we got the majority of the rods out, the well started flowing on us. It started blowing paraffin and green oil to the surface, and it got all over me. I might as well have been swimming in it.
You didn’t quit right then?
Oh of course not. I worked with that company for a couple of summers.
Then the summer of my senior year in high school, I roughnecked for a different company. We drilled a couple of wells north of Midland. That’s when I got to throw chain a time or two, but I was never any good at it. I’d rather have been the derrick hand
because those guys typically have all their fingers and it’s a bit cleaner as well.
How many bank presidents can say they’ve ever thrown chain?
[Laughs] Not many! I loved that experience, but it convinced me I was better off staying in school.
At what point did you get into banking? It was early on, and it was as simple as I needed a summer job.
I went to Texas A&M and was in the petroleum engineering department. In the fall of 1981, Midland National Bank was there interviewing petroleum engineering students in hopes that they’d come work in their lending department after graduation.
Midland National was looking for fulltime employees, but I thought, you know what, they might not be seeking people to come work part-time, but I’m from Midland and need a summer job, especially because I was planning to get married soon, so I went for it.
I interviewed and asked for a part-time job, and to my surprise they made me an offer not only to come out that summer, but that they would give me full-time employment and a leave of absence to go back and finish school. My hopes for a part-time summer job turned into a fulltime career.
So you started right out of college in banking. When did you work as a petroleum engineer?
So, interestingly enough, the bank hired two petroleum engineering students: me and Tim Leach, who years later started Concho Resources. The petroleum engineering department at A&M was so big at that time that Tim and I didn’t even know each other.
At one point, the guy who hired us announced he was retiring, so the bank brought in Tim Dunn, who later started CrownQuest. Tim Dunn was our boss for a time, but he eventually moved to Parker & Parsley, a large oil and gas line of credit for Midland National.
Tim Dunn eventually brought over Tim Leach. Years later, Tim Leach approached me to join Parker & Parsley as a reservoir engineer, and after 11 years working in banking, I finally started working in the field where I got my college degree.
Why did you leave banking?
I think I was intrigued by the challenge, and I was intrigued by the people I was going to be able to work for. First City National Bank in Houston had just collapsed at that time, so my bank was in turmoil. We weren’t sure it was going to survive, so that made it easier to switch careers and work as a petroleum engineer.
But you eventually came back to banking.
I did. When Parker & Parsley bought Mesa, they formed Pioneer Natural Resources, and the company decided to move its headquarters to Las Colinas in Irving. I didn’t want to make that move because my family and my wife’s
family were in Midland. Tim (Leach) formed Concho Resources, and I followed him there.
In 2003, Concho sold to Chesapeake, and they weren’t sure at that time whether they were going to start another oil and gas company, though they eventually did.
Oddly enough, when I was at Midland National Bank, I had banked with the Davis family, which owns WTG Exploration and West Texas National Bank. They approached me about coming back to banking, and in 2004 I joined WTNB and have been here ever since.
Is it uncommon for a petroleum engineer to go into a field like banking?
A very small percentage of people working at a bank would be an engineer, but the energy banks all have people that are very experienced with oil and gas. They have engineers doing things like evaluating, or at least doing due diligence on oil and gas evaluations, so they can substantiate the collateral that is securing their energy loans.
So in Midland, in Dallas and Houston, probably New Orleans, you’re going to find engineers at banks, but they’re going to be in the energy departments where they’re working on oil and gas loans.
Why have you stayed in banking?
One of the fun things in the bank space is not only working with people on our team, but getting to meet the needs of customers. I’m a people person, and I’m probably better at working with people than I am at engineering, to be honest. And it’s fun meeting customers’ needs and being able to see them do well, not just make money, but to make a difference. They create value. They add jobs. They make energy for America. It’s a noble space.
What is it about Midland? What has kept you here?
It’s a flourishing economy and a vibrant economy to be a part of. We’ve had our ups and downs, but mostly in the past 25 years it’s been ups. That comes down to the people here.
Tim Dunn and Tim Leach in recent years have sold their respective companies. What if they start new companies and ask you to go work for them as a petroleum engineer again? Would you consider it?
[Laughs] No, unfortunately not. I think it’s best I stay at WTNB. I love what we do here, and I can’t see myself being anywhere else.
PHOTOS COURTESY WEST TEXAS NATIONAL BANK
ADRIAN CARRASCO
President of Premier Energy Services shares his journey from construction work at age 9 to leading a top oilfield services company
By Trevor Hawes Editorial Director
As a boss, Adrian Carrasco isn’t someone who is going to ask of his employees anything that he isn’t willing to do himself. He has a lot of experience doing the hard work, starting in construction at the tender age of 9.
But his journey to being president of Premier Energy Services, one of the busiest privately owned oilfield services companies in the Permian Basin, wasn’t only trod upon the caliche roads so familiar out here. In fact, he didn’t aspire to work in oil and gas at all.
After graduating from Kermit High School, Carrasco moved on to Midland College, where he obtained his associate degree, then to the University of Texas at San Antonio, where he earned a bachelor’s in political science.
“During college at UTSA, I was in medical sales, and I really loved sales,” Carrasco said. “So I tried to get into the pharmaceutical industry
here in West Texas.” He was told he wasn’t cast from the mold of a typical pharmaceutical salesman. That didn’t stop him.
“A person told me, you’re not going to get a job because you’re not tall, you’re not blond and you’re not pretty. And I said, I’ll show you.”
Carrasco worked for companies like Johnson & Johnson, Novartis and Novo Nordisk, major players in the pharmaceuticals industry. But when Obamacare took hold, many salesmen lost their jobs because of the heavy push on generic medications. Carrasco lost his, but he was prepared.
so I grew up around construction and concrete,” Carrasco said.
His first role on a jobsite was at the age of 9 picking up nails.
Carrasco grew up in a family of 10 children, where everybody worked summers to make ends meet.
“My dad was a superintendent of construction for gas plants out there, and my family would do things like roofing whenever the work ran out,
“Back then, there were these home stereo speakers with large magnets. They would cut these magnets off the back of the speakers and attach them to bailing wire, and my job was to go around the work site and pick up nails,” Carrasco said. “For the
ones that were semi-bent, I would bend them back straight. My dad thought the most expensive thing for a construction site was nails. He really thought he could save a lot of money if he just reused as many nails as possible.”
Carrasco’s first experience working in oil and gas was at the age of 16. “OSHA probably wouldn’t approve of that, but back then, you just made it happen.” But what did a 16-year-old do in the oilfield?
“I was a welder’s helper on a gas pipeline. My cousins and uncles were welders, and they gave me and my
other cousins opportunities to earn money. My uncle would weld, and we’d buff the weld, grind it and get it ready for next pass. You had four to five passes, and it was X-rayed, so you had to make sure you got all the grind off and you buffed it well.”
Summer jobs also included working as a small crane operator and learning materials handling. “It paid really well,” Carrasco said. “Back then, we were at $17, $18 per hour. That was a great paycheck for a 16 year old.”
However, having a background in concrete helped set up his career transition.
“As long as God continues to guide me and my heart’s in it, I’m going to give back to the community that has given so much to me.”
Story Continued on page 48
PHOTOS BY B. KAY RICHTER
“I could have moved to Albuquerque or Dallas or San Antonio and maybe stayed in the business, but I wanted to be in West Texas,” Carrasco said. “I’m from Kermit; my wife is from Lamesa. Our family is out here. We wanted to stay here.”
Carrasco had started a small residential concrete company before his sales career wound down. It quickly grew larger, and he partnered up with a friend who had a trucking company.
“So I told him there was an opportunity there to combine our businesses to serve oil and gas companies. He already had master service agreements in place, so company relationships were already there. We partnered up, and I built the construction division. We did roustabouting, dirt work, environmental building and more.”
The partnership lasted about six years, and in that time grew tremendously, but the partnership ended. “It was just time to part ways, which we did on very good terms.”
Enter Premier Energy Services, which Carrasco started about eight years ago. His company offers several services: new construction, chain link fence and gate installation, civil and industrial concrete services, sandblasting, coating, painting, welding fabrication, new pad construction — just to name a few. But why branch out into so many areas?
“I’ve been in the oil and gas industry for a little over 15 years, and one of the things I’ve always taken from my pharmaceutical sales days is that you want to provide a one-stop-shop service,” Carrasco said. “I wanted to be able to go to a production company and say, you make one call to us and
you get safety, a crew, a vacuum truck, a backhoe — all of this if you make one call. And we’ve been very successful doing that.”
Running a backhoe is something Carrasco knows how to do himself, and he is willing to step in when necessary. He credits his firsthand knowledge of the jobs his employees do that keeps them working for Premier.
“I’ve always been an operations guy. I don’t sit in the office, and if I have to go to the field, I will because I love it that much. I don’t mind picking up a shovel. Now, I’m about to be 50 and I feel like I’m a little past 60 sometimes, so I don’t move as fast as I used to, but when my employees see me in the field, they respect that. I understand what they go through, and it’s my job to take care of them first, not me.”
Carrasco says the best part about being a boss is growing his employees. He still has four employees who have been with him since day one.
“One of them had his visa, had his residency paper and everything, and he saw me one day doing an interview on TV about Literacy Coalition of the Permian Basin, where I’m part of the leadership team. I was talking about ESL and why that’s important. He came
to me and said, Adrian, I want to do that. I want to learn English. I helped him get set up with classes, and I paid for his time in classes.
“So he did it and he kept telling me it was going great. Then one day he sends me a picture. He’s sitting in a parking lot in El Paso, holding an American flag. He had just gotten his citizenship. I was so proud, and it’s so gratifying to see people grow. I try so hard to help my employees change their lives at work and outside of work.”
His deep care for his employees extends to the community. In addition to his many philanthropic efforts, Carrasco serves as a member of the Midland College board of trustees, an elected position. He’s likely the lone member of the board who can operate a backhoe.
“But you know what, everybody has their skill set,” he said. “I’m just lucky that I was able to learn that skill because I’ve needed it.”
He’s now teaching his son the ropes of Premier Energy and plans to increasingly shift his energy into community-focused endeavors.
“As long as God continues to guide me and my heart’s in it, I’m going to give back to the community that has given so much to me.”
ABOVE (left to right) back row - Billy 7 years, Paula 14 years, Luis 4 years, Isaiah 1 year, Chas 1 year front row- Donna 18 years, Todd 17 years
ABOVE (left to right) back row - Tripp 10 months, Olga 3 years, Grace 2 months front row - Isaac 20 years, Camran 2 years
ON THE RIGHT (left to right) back row - Jeanny 6 years, Whitney 5 years front row - Kayla 10 months, Mikaila 10 years
Michael Fleck Q&A WITH OWNER
YOU’RE EXPERTS IN OFFERING JEWELRY THAT MIDLANDERS WANT. DO MIDLANDERS HAVE ANY UNIQUE TASTES IN JEWELRY?
People travel from all over to be a part of the Midland economy. This makes Midland a melting pot of fashion and individual style. We cater to as many tastes as our store can handle. That being said, longtime Midlanders do have a unique style not found anywhere else and we created a collection just for our West Texas fashion. It’s called Wildflower and it is a big look with lots of layering. It’s got lots of blues and turquoise, textures, and of course big fun diamonds.
WHAT’S BEEN THE HOTTEST ITEM IN 2024?
It has been the year of big diamond looks.
WHAT IS A PRODUCT THAT OCCASIONS OFFERS THAT THE COMMUNITY MIGHT NOT KNOW ABOUT BUT SHOULD?
I try my best to tell y’all everything that we’re doing. I don’t meet many people that haven’t heard one of my radio ads. I don’t talk enough about the great internationally loved brands that we carry. Simon G, Roberto Coin, LeVian, Lagos, Charles Krypell, Gabriel, and the legendary Oscar Heyman. We do so much that I often don’t have time to talk about these amazing brands.
WE’VE HEARD ABOUT THE TROUVAILLE BRIDAL LINE THAT OCCASIONS HAS ON DISPLAY AT THE STORE. TELL US A LITTLE ABOUT THAT AND WHAT MAKES IT EXCITING FOR YOU AND THE STAFF.
Trouvaille pronounced Tru Vay is French for a lucky find. We took the 11 most popular styles of engagement ring and created different ways to customize each style until you get a very personal unique ring. You might only see 100 rings, but they represent over 25,000 different options. That may seem overwhelming, but my team has a process that will make it feel like you didn’t have to choose anything. Your ring just kind of comes together. A lucky find.
My favorite part is the all the engineering that went into these rings. We have a channel that allows us to adjust the ring to your size and more importantly readjust over the years without compromising the structural integrity of the ring. That’s important because free lifetime adjustments are part of our lifetime warranty. We were able to create diamond “O” under the diamond setting that gives us more flexibility on the height of the diamond setting and creates more structural security. We pumped tons of jewelry engineering into this collection.
OCCASIONS DOES MORE THAN JUST SELL JEWELRY. WHAT TYPES OF SERVICES DO YOU PROVIDE?
We have an amazing repair and custom shop that can do things that most repair places can’t do. We have a team of five that don’t get
the recognition they deserve. I’ve watched them perform jewelry miracles back there.
OVER THE MANY YEARS, OCCASIONS HAS HELPED THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE WITH FINDING THAT PERFECT PIECE OF JEWELRY TO FIT ANY SITUATION, BE IT AN ENGAGEMENT, WEDDING, A SPECIAL MEMENTO OR ANY OTHER KEY MOMENT. IS THERE A PARTICULAR MOMENT OR EXPERIENCE YOU REMEMBER WHERE YOU SAT BACK AND KNEW THIS WAS WHAT YOU WERE MEANT TO DO?
I’m now selling engagement rings to the kids of couples that bought their engagement ring from my Dad. How cool is that? People are always showing me something they got from my store. It makes me so happy to be part of their lives. I think I have the best job on earth.
OCCASIONS FINE JEWELRY HAS BEEN A LONG TIME FAVORITE AMONG VOTERS IN THE MRT READERS’ CHOICE AWARDS CONTEST. WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO YOU TO RECEIVE SUCH PRESTIGIOUS HONORS AND RECOGNITIONS FROM THE LOCAL COMMUNITY FOR THE PRODUCTS AND SERVICES THAT OCCASIONS PROVIDES?
I like them more than the national recognitions we’ve received, like America’s Coolest Store. Midland is my home and I love it. I try to show it love whenever I can, and it’s always shown me love in return.
WHAT ARE YOU MOST LOOKING FORWARD TO IN THE FUTURE FOR THE BUSINESS?
Trouvaille is just getting started. In fact, my Trouvaille team is heading to India this winter to start our next set of designs. I’m headed to New York soon to find some new diamonds. We’re putting
Trouvaille is an old French term that means a lucky find. Trouvaille bridal ensures your lucky find. My sister Denise and my lead buyer Mikaila worked with top jewelry engineers to invent a beyond beautiful engagement ring that allows instantaneous customizations. While browsing a few hundred rings, you have over 25,000 customizing options available to take home that day. Does that sound overwhelming?
Don’t worry, our team will guide you through so seamlessly. You’ll not even realize that you just made the perfect, unique, and distinctive ring. We could have stopped there. Instead, we designed the Tiger Prong that holds diamonds tighter while looking smaller. We installed an O under the center diamond setting that allows us to set the diamond higher or lower according to the client’s desire. Channels within the body of the ring allowing for precise sizing and resizing without disturbing any diamond settings. And dozens more overly technical improvements that allow for a stronger and brighter ring. My team set out to do something exceptional and they nailed it. I am unbelievably proud of them. Iinvite you to come see the difference. Not just Trouvaille but our entire store strives to raise yourperception of what a jewelry store ought to be.
OCCASIONS FINE
JEWELRY OWNER
MICHAEL FLECK
COURTESY PHOTOS
CRYSTAL RAU, CFP®, MBA CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER
Crystal, the founder and lead financial planner at Beyond Balanced Financial Planning, is passionately committed to transforming her clients’ financial futures. As the driving force behind this independent fee-only practice, she empowers clients to achieve clarity and reach their financial aspirations through a comprehensive approach that encompasses cash flow optimization, strategic tax planning, and robust financial strategizing.
Specializing in serving young professionals in the oil and gas industry and ambitious small business owners, Crystal excels at seamlessly integrating personal financial planning with business strategies.
Crystal believes in the power of accountability and becomes a trusted partner, providing proactive guidance that propels clients towards their goals. Whether you’re grappling with budgeting challenges, seeking to optimize your tax strategy, or looking to implement a cutting-edge 401(k) plan, Crystal’s expertise is your key to financial peace of mind.
Recognizing that there’s no one-size-fits-all solution in financial planning, Crystal crafts bespoke strategies tailored to each client’s specific needs. Her personalized approach ensures that every financial plan is as unique as the individual it serves, maximizing the potential for success and financial freedom.
West Texas Commercial Cleaning is more than just a commercial cleaning service in Odessa; we are a community partner committed to creating clean and safe spaces. Led by dedicated management with years of experience in the industry, what sets us apart is our unwavering commitment to quality in delivering exceptional results. We believe in building long-term relationships, and many of our clients have trusted us for years because we prioritize their satisfaction.
Our loyal customers know they can count on us to make their businesses shine, creating an environment that employees and visitors can enjoy. Whether it’s routine janitorial services or specialized cleaning, we’re always ready to go above and beyond to meet our customers’ needs. For us, it’s not just about cleaning—it’s about helping our community thrive.
The Valence Chemicals team offers customers an extensive por tfolio of stimulation and production chemical solutions and years of operations, sales, R&D, & supply chain exper ience to ensure that you receive accurate, reliable, and prompt analysis to facilitate a successful and effective chemical treatment operation.
It’s not enough for us to simply be great at creating chemistr y. We are focused on deliver ing and applying the products we create to minimize r isks and maximize your production. The result is a tailored customer exper ience from a chemical par tner focused on helping you make the best well possible as safely and as efficiently as possible.
Dr. Sylvan Bartlett
Cosmetic Surgery, Specializing in Breast Implants/Lifts/Reductions, Lipo 360, and Tummy Tucks
200+ 5 Star Google Reviews
1330 East 8th Street, Suite 400, Odessa, TX 79761 (432) 582-2344 | sylvanbartlettmd.com
M.D., Double Board-Certified Plastic Surgeon
Sylvan Bartlett,
OILFIELD EQUIPMENT AUCTIONS REMAIN POPULAR
Superior Energy Auctioneers held a successful oilfield equipment action at the MCM Elegante in Odessa earlier this year. COURTESY SUPERIOR ENERGY AUCTIONEERS
By Mella McEwen Oil Editor
Whether in person or online, auctions of oilfield equipment large and small remains a popular way to buy and sell.
“Auctions are popular because the buyer and seller both benefit,” explained Jim Richie, partner and chief auctioneer at Superior Energy Auctioneers.
The buyer can set the price they want to pay, and the seller can set a floor price, he said.
“If you want to pay $10,000, you can quit if someone else bids the price up. A seller can set a floor, say $7,000, and competition will drive the price. That’s the only way a seller can get more than he’s asking,” he said.
Auction prices have been holding steady, if not rising slightly, Richie said, adding that he expects to set records this year.
“After COVID in 2020, 2021 and 2022, truck prices went exponentially through the roof. It was almost silly,” he said. “I think it was because you couldn’t get a new truck. As a result, any oilfield equipment that was road-related, anything that came on the market would attract high prices — trucks and trailers. That was through 2021-22, and then prices began trending down as production came back online and you could get new trucks with warranties.”
There is a “plethora” of equipment — drilling equipment, service equipment, downhole equipment — hitting the auction block, Richie said.
He added that along with the good prices, oilfield equipment auctions
continue to attract both domestic and international interest.
As he spoke with the Reporter-Telegram, Richie was preparing an auction to liquidate the assets of Golden State Drilling in Bakersfield, California.
“It’s an anomaly in that it’s one of the oldest drilling companies in California, a 47-year-old company undergoing complete liquidation. It will take three days to sell. I’ve already had calls from literally around the world — Kazakhstan, Dubai, Australia, Europe, South America, every continent except Antarctica. That gives a good indication there’s still demand for oilfield equipment worldwide.”
There is a “plethora” of equipment — drilling equipment, service equipment, downhole equipment — hitting the auction block
NEXT DECADE: LNG HALT FLOWS BACK TO PERMIAN GAS PRODUCERS
By Mella McEwen Oil Editor
NextDecade, has found the road has gotten bumpy for its Rio Grande LNG facility in Brownsville, where the first phase is already under construction.
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in September vacated the facility’s permits issued by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission as well as permits for the Texas LNG project also under development.
“There is concern about what the DC Circuit Court did,” said David Keane, senior vice president of policy and corporate affairs at NextDecade. “It’s an unprecedented decision. Never before has a permit been vacated for a facility under construction.”
Keane said the issue impacts not just his company and its liquefied natural gas export facility.
“Any project reliant on NEPA (National Environmental Policy Act) permit — pipelines, transmission lines, power plants, solar farms, wind farms, roads are vulnerable. The court could say the technical experts aren’t right” and vacate the permits, he said.
The first phase of the Rio Grande facility would be comprised of three trains, with the first LNG deliveries overseas planned for early 2027. Almost all of the natural gas would come from the Permian Basin, Keane said.
More than 60% of the facility’s buyers are in Europe and watching events closely, he said.
“Once you sign the agreement, they book the supplies. If the project is forced to shut down, Europeans are very concerned,” he said.
NextDecade reached a final investment decision in July 2022 to build the first phase of the project, which would include three liquefaction trains and be able to produce 17.6 million metric tons per year. The company had planned to reach a final investment decision on a fourth train by the end of the year, and the project was proposed to have a total of five trains with production capacity of 27 million metric tons per year.
ART WAGER/GETTY IMAGES
Keane said the company plans to file for a rehearing and is also requesting a rehearing before the full panel of 11 judges. If that is denied, he said NextDecade will take the case to the U.S. Supreme Court.
He said believes the judges relied on information from the Council on Environmental Quality, which was created to advise the president on environmental matters but lacks any authority to issue binding regulations.
“They’re usurping Congressional authority. That’s why we think our appeal will be successful,” he said.
The company intends to continue construction of the first phase, he said, noting there are 4,100 workers already on site and the project is creating 50 new jobs per week, with the workforce expected to hit 5,000 by the end of the year. Of the workforce, 74% of all craftworkers are from the Brownsville area and 92% are Hispanic. He said the project has a very robust advisory board comprised of city and school representatives, veterans and indigenous tribes.
FERC announced last month it plans to conduct an additional environmental review to address issues the court raised. The review is expected to conclude by the end of July 2025.
Current Media Partners co-founders
PHILANTHROPY INVOLVES MORE THAN JUST WRITING A CHECK
By Trevor Hawes Editorial Director
Being philanthropic isn’t as easy as you might think. Oil and gas companies in the Permian Basin are well-known for their giving spirit, but being generous involves more than writing a check. There’s quite a lot to consider.
“For the oil and gas companies we’ve worked with, it’s very important for them to be invested and involved in the communities in which they
operate because it’s where their employees call home,” said Britney Mann, one half of the team at Current Media Partners.
While it has grown into a full-service advertising agency, Current Media Partners’ roots are in community involvement coordination. Mann and fellow co-founder Christi Callicoatte have spent decades in the nonprofit space and have worked with dozens of oil and gas companies large and small, helping them achieve philanthropic success. But why should a company be philanthropic at all?
“Community involvement and philanthropy
Britney Mann, left, and Christi Callicoate.
COURTESY PHOTO
are incredibly impactful ways to build relations with key stakeholders, from the general public to a landowner they might want to do business with,” Mann said. “It’s also a great way to build strong relationships with your employees.”
There are many ways to be philanthropic. Monetary and in-kind donations are always popular, as are equipment donations, Mann said; however, volunteering can be highly impactful for everyone.
Whether a company quietly writes a check or wants to hold an event depends on the company’s goals.
“There’s definitely value in having an in-person event,” Mann said. “It can increase awareness of your donation not just externally for public relations purposes, but internally with employees and other key stakeholders you have. We’ve found many times that companies will be doing a ton of good in the community but that employees don’t even know about it.”
Some companies get really creative beyond a big check ceremony or ribbon-cutting.
“Golf tournaments, for example, get employees and vendors involved and shines a good spotlight on the beneficiary,” Mann said. “We’ve helped companies participate in school carnivals and have a lot of fun with dunking booths or pie-in-the-face games for fundraising. Companies even get competitive for the sake of doing good in the community through events like West Texas Food Bank’s annual Boom Town Showdown. It’s a point of pride to win the King of the Road trophy.”
But how should a company even get started being philanthropic? First things first: Look at your company’s mission and core values, Mann said. Then seek organizations that align with them.
“I can’t stress enough how important this is,” Mann said. “When the company’s mission and core values don’t align with the nonprofit they’re working with, the effort backfires — sometimes badly — and in the end it isn’t positive for either party. It can even harm a company’s reputation.”
Good matches can go bad when communication is poor on either side.
“Companies need to clearly communicate their expectations, including how they want their donation used and how they want to be recognized,” Mann said. “You never want anyone feeling like they’re in a one-sided relationship.”
Why be philanthropic in the first place?
“Philanthropy makes life fulfilling,” Mann said. It enables you to make a meaningful impact on the community you call home. Nonprofits make big impacts on the community, and companies can move the needle on issues.
“And it’s all the better when you get employees involved in your philanthropy. It creates a culture that both attracts and retains employees.”
THE DO’S AND DON’T OF BEING PHILANTHROPIC
Here are Current Media Partners’ tips on what to do and how to avoid pitfalls.
DO communicate donations internally and externally. Invite media to events. Send them press releases as well as photos and videos after the events. And be sure to also put this on your own social media to better reach those who are interested in the company. Share it with employees on your intranet, company newsletters, team emails, bulletin boards — whatever channels you use to communicate with your employees.
DO partner with organizations whose mission and values align with your own. You can find this information by checking their websites and even looking at their Form 990 tax returns, which you can find at sites like GuideStar and ProPublica’s nonprofit explorer. You should also ask your employees what organizations they might be interested in. Perhaps many send their children to the same school or take part in the same extracurricular activities.
DO ask what the organization needs; DON’T just assume.
DO communicate with the organization how you would like to be recognized. Do you want to be anonymous? Do you want your company mentioned? Do you want your branding placed anywhere? Communicate all of that up front. Also, communicate any restrictions on donations. Donor-designated funds will go toward what you specifically want to happen with your dollars, such as building a science lab in a school.
DO cover your bases with the IRS. Get the organization’s employer identification number (EIN) and Form W-9 and confirm whether it’s a 501(c)(3) or other type of nonprofit.
DON’T look at donations as one-time transactions. Being philanthropic is an opportunity to build relationships within the community. If you donated to a large project or program, ask for a tour and ask for a follow-up so you see your donation dollars at work.
DON’T chase donations opportunities just to donate. Look for opportunities to align your core values and mission with those of an organization. Don’t force a square peg into a round hole. Any time there is a natural tie, that’s where the magic happens.
The Texas Capitol is shown in this file photo. The Permian Electric Reliability Plan and updating oilfield waste rules are top topics for the PBPA
FEDERAL & STATE LEGISLATIVE ISSUES ‘COMING AT US RAPID-FIRE’
By Mella McEwen Oil Editor
From Austin west to Santa Fe and northeast to Washington, D.C., the Permian Basin Petroleum Association is monitoring a number of regulatory issues.
“Issues are coming at us in such rapid-fire succession,” commented Ben Shepperd, president of the PBPA.
PBPA members are watching the fate of the bipartisan Energy Permitting Reform Act, introduced by Sens. Joe Manchin, I-West Virginia, and John Barrasso, R-Wyoming. Shepperd said permitting and National Environmental Policy Act reform are critically important to the industry.
“It’s not across the finish line,” Shepperd said in a telephone interview. “There is some bipartisan support. I’m optimistic the next Congress will see a reform effort again. We are strongly in support of reform efforts and hopeful. We’re talking to
Energy permitting reform, the Endangered Species Act are among the top federal issues facing the energy industry, according to the PBPA
Democrats and Republicans, making a bipartisan effort to garner support.”
He theorized Congress is reluctant to address serious issues — which extend beyond oil and gas issues – in part because of a lack of consensus among members of the House and Senate.
“We know, no matter who has the majority, the majority will be slim with not a lot of wiggle room. That’s why we work hard on both sides of the aisle.”
A significant challenge for the industry comes from the Endangered Species Act, particularly the recent listing of the dunes sagebrush lizard as endangered, which impacts a significant portion of the Permian Basin. Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton has sued over the listing.
regulations, as well-intentioned as they may be, will result in a better environment.”
“I wonder if these issues will ever go away,” he commented. He cited the investment of millions of dollars and effort to help conserve the lizard and its habitat.
“The industry has put tens of millions of dollars into conservation efforts, which is more than the ESA has done. I think the evidence will show improvement. The industry will continue to do so; we feel it’s the right thing to do. I’m not sure who it benefits, halting a successful conservation effort,” said Shepperd.
He said the PBPA has also submitted comments on proposed emissions changes under the Clean Air Act, known as Quad O, as well as other initiatives aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and limit methane emissions.
“We support cleaner air, and the industry is investing millions, if not billions, to cap emissions,” he said. “I’m not sure some of these
Crime is also a topic, with Rep. Tony Gonzales, R-Texas, sponsoring the Protect the Permian Act of 2024, H.R. 9759, which would authorize the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation to establish a program to combat theft in the Permian Basin oilfields through the Permian Basin Oil Theft Task Force. It would also increase criminal penalties for stealing, transporting and selling oil and oil field-related equipment.
At a state level, Shepperd said the Permian Basin Electric Reliability Plan and amending the Railroad Commission’s Statewide Rule 8 regarding oilfield waste are also on the association’s radar. In New Mexico, the association will be watching legislation regarding produced water, state land leasing, PFAS or forever chemicals, and the ongoing Atencio lawsuit claiming New Mexico has failed to regulate oilfield pollution.
RISING AUTO, UMBRELLA INSURANCE COSTS CHALLENGE
OILFIELD SERVICE COMPANIES
By Mella McEwen Oil Editor
Oil and natural gas companies are facing several issues as they seek insurance coverage.
“There are several different issues in this space,” said Ryan Edgmon, managing director of the energy division at Higginbotham Insurance and Financial Services.
Edgmon first cited the rising cost of auto insurance for oilfield fleets. The industry has seen claim settlements soar from $50,000 10 or 15 years ago to $500,000 to $1 million today.
“Oil and gas carriers have a target on their back,” he said.
But the biggest pressing issue for oilfield companies is umbrella coverage, policies that Edgmon explained sit over auto, general liability and workers’ compensation coverage.
“A service contractor in the field working for a major operator is required now to carry $10 million in umbrella coverage. Five or 10 years ago, the operator required $5 to $10 million,” he said.
Service contracts are faced with not only increases in umbrella policy premiums, but decreased capacity in obtaining coverage. He said he had a large client carrying a $25 million umbrella policy now pays $1.85 million a year, up from $480,000 several years earlier, and it took four carriers to provide that $25 million.
Companies working in the completions sector may have difficulty finding carriers with an appetite for insuring them, he said. The same for water hauling companies or any business with a heavy truck because “you
Companies working in the completions sector may have difficulty finding carriers with an appetite for insuring them...
get in accident, and the first thing people do is call an attorney.”
An issue Edgmon sees on the horizon is cyberattacks. He said he’s had several clients fall victim to spoofing, which happens when a cybercriminal sends an email telling someone to send payment for equipment. At first glance, he said the email looks like it came from the chief financial officer, so the funds are sent and disappear with the cybercriminal.
Just as Texas passed tort reform in 2003 that capped damages victims of medical malpractice can receive, Edgmon said similar tort reform is needed to address the issues with auto and umbrella insurance seen today.
“The easiest way for everyone to win is for legislation to establish guidelines,” he said.
And he is hopeful. “This election cycle is the first time I’ve heard people talking about insurance.”
A tractor-trailer hauling liqiud from oil and gas operations travels near Lenorah in the Permian Basin in this 2021 file photo. THE OILFIELD PHOTOGRAPHER, INC.
PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARIES OF RAILROAD COMMISSION PROPOSED RULE CHANGES
Source: Railroad Commission of Texas SECTION SPONSORED BY
What follows are plain-language summaries of proposed rules by the Railroad
Commission of Texas.
16 Texas Administrative Code §3.70, Relating to Pipeline Permits Required, and Various Rules in Chapter 8, Relating to Pipeline Safety Regulations
The Railroad Commission of Texas proposes amendments to 16 Texas Administrative Code (TAC) §3.70 to align with changes being proposed at the same time to various rules in Chapter 8 which incorporate federal requirements. The proposed amendments to 16 TAC §3.70 also remove dates from the rule that no longer apply and add a procedure related to the filing of the Form T-4B, Pipeline Transfer Certification. The proposed amendments to Chapter 8 capture the federal Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) latest standards, clarify areas of the rules that Railroad Commission of Texas staff receives regular inquiries on, and clarify how pipeline operators should report and file various activities with Railroad Commission of Texas.
16 Texas Administrative Code §3.8 and Various Other Rules in Chapter 3; Proposed New Rules in Chapter 4, Subchapter A; and Proposed Amendments to Various Rules in Chapter 4, Subchapter B
The Railroad Commission of Texas proposes new rules in Chapter 4, Subchapter A, to incorporate and update the requirements from 16 TAC §3.8 of this title, relating to Water Protection, to align with new rules and amendments being proposed at the same time in Chapter 4. The new subchapter also ensures that Railroad Commission of Texas rules adhere to statutory changes made in recent Texas legislative sessions.
The Railroad Commission of Texas also proposes amendments and new rules in Subchapter B of Chapter 4, relating to Commercial Recycling, to incorporate legislative requirements and make updates consistent with the new rules proposed in Subchapter A.
The Texas Legislature has directed the Railroad Commission of Texas to encourage fluid oil and gas waste recycling (House Bill 3516, 87th Legislature, 2021), and it has also created the Texas Produced Water Consortium (Senate Bill 601, 87th Legislature, 2021) to make recommendations to the Texas Legislature on issues related to this potential activity. The Railroad Commission of Texas’ proposed rules address and support these developments. In addition to House Bill 3516, the Texas Legislature in House Bill 2201 (87th Legislature, 2021) directed the Railroad Commission of Texas to adopt rules governing permissible locations for pits used by commercial oil and gas disposal facilities and Senate Bill 1541 (85th Legislature, 2017) required the Railroad Commission of Texas to incorporate criteria for beneficial uses of recycled drill cuttings.
Please note that the Railroad Commission of Texas proposes that the new rules and amendments go into effect July 1, 2025, which is approximately six months after the anticipated default effective date. Many provisions are proposed with a later effective date of six months to one year from July 1, 2025, to provide additional time for compliance.
16 Texas Administrative Code Proposed New Chapter 6, Geothermal Resources, Subchapter A, Shallow Closed-Loop Geothermal Systems
The Railroad Commission of Texas proposes new rules in new 16 Texas Administrative Code, Chapter 6, Subchapter A, to implement the requirements of Senate Bill 786 (88th Legislature, Regular Session, 2023). Senate Bill 786 amended Texas Water Code §27.037 to transfer regulatory authority of closed-loop geothermal injection wells to the Railroad Commission of Texas from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality.
The bill provided the Railroad Commission of Texas with jurisdiction and permitting authority for these wells, while Texas Commission on Environmental Quality retains jurisdiction over ground-source air conditioning return flow wells, which are shallow open-loop geothermal injection wells. All other types of geothermal injection wells are now under the jurisdiction of the Railroad Commission of Texas.
TOP 50 OIL PRODUCERS IN TEXAS IN 2023
TOP 50 GAS PRODUCERS IN TEXAS IN 2023
WEEKLY US ENDING STOCKS OF CRUDE OIL SINCE 2018
(Source: EIA)
Measured by Barrels in Thousands
Jan 05, 2018 1,083,262
Jan 12, 2018 1,076,872
Jan 19, 2018 1,076,037
Jan 26, 2018 1,083,045
Feb 02, 2018 1,085,402
Feb 09, 2018 1,087,663
Feb 16, 2018 1,085,351
Feb 23, 2018 1,088,779
Mar 02, 2018 1,091,364
Mar 09, 2018 1,096,386
Mar 16, 2018 1,093,764
Mar 23, 2018 1,095,407
Mar 30, 2018 1,090,788
Apr 06, 2018 1,094,094
Apr 13, 2018 1,093,023
Apr 20, 2018 1,094,455
Apr 27, 2018 1,100,221
May 04, 2018 1,097,315
May 11, 2018 1,094,391
May 18, 2018 1,099,468
May 25, 2018 1,095,289
Jun 01, 2018 1,096,752
Jun 08, 2018 1,092,609
Jun 15, 2018 1,086,543
Jun 22, 2018 1,076,652
Jun 29, 2018 1,077,897
Jul 06, 2018 1,065,263
Jul 13, 2018 1,071,098
Jul 20, 2018 1,064,951
Jul 27, 2018 1,068,754
Aug 03, 2018 1,067,402
Aug 10, 2018 1,074,207
Aug 17, 2018 1,068,370
Aug 24, 2018 1,065,804
Aug 31, 2018 1,061,502
Sep 07, 2018 1,056,205
Sep 14, 2018 1,054,147
Sep 21, 2018 1,055,999
Sep 28, 2018 1,063,974
Oct 05, 2018 1,068,655
Oct 12, 2018 1,074,075
Oct 19, 2018 1,079,263
Oct 26, 2018 1,080,939
Nov 02, 2018 1,086,487
Nov 09, 2018 1,095,386
Nov 16, 2018 1,099,477
Nov 23, 2018 1,101,049
Nov 30, 2018 1,092,723
Dec 07, 2018 1,091,517
Dec 14, 2018 1,090,594
Dec 21, 2018 1,090,550
Dec 28, 2018 1,090,557
Jan 04, 2019 1,088,877
Jan 11, 2019 1,086,194
Jan 18, 2019 1,094,164
Jan 25, 2019 1,095,083
Feb 01, 2019 1,096,346
Feb 08, 2019 1,099,979
Feb 22, 2019 1,095,004
Mar 01, 2019 1,102,060
Mar 08, 2019 1,098,198
Mar 15, 2019 1,088,609
Mar 22, 2019 1,091,409
Mar 29, 2019 1,098,647
Apr 05, 2019 1,105,676
Apr 12, 2019 1,104,280
Apr 19, 2019 1,109,759
Apr 26, 2019 1,119,154
May 03, 2019 1,114,321
May 10, 2019 1,117,988
May 17, 2019 1,121,593
May 24, 2019 1,121,311
May 31, 2019 1,128,082
Jun 07, 2019 1,130,288
Jun 14, 2019 1,127,182
Jun 21, 2019 1,114,394
Jun 28, 2019 1,113,309
Jul 05, 2019 1,103,810
Jul 12, 2019 1,100,694
Jul 19, 2019 1,089,859
Jul 26, 2019 1,081,363
Aug 02, 2019 1,083,748
Aug 09, 2019 1,085,328
Aug 16, 2019 1,082,596
Aug 23, 2019 1,072,569
Aug 30, 2019 1,067,798
Sep 06, 2019 1,060,886
Sep 13, 2019 1,061,944
Sep 20, 2019 1,064,356
Sep 27, 2019 1,067,460
Oct 04, 2019 1,070,187
Oct 11, 2019 1,078,199
Oct 18, 2019 1,075,501
Oct 25, 2019 1,080,505
Nov 01, 2019 1,087,734
Nov 08, 2019 1,088,510
Nov 15, 2019 1,087,917
Nov 22, 2019 1,088,122
Nov 29, 2019 1,082,262
Dec 06, 2019 1,082,886
Dec 13, 2019 1,081,800
Dec 20, 2019 1,076,326
Dec 27, 2019 1,064,863
Jan 03, 2020 1,066,027
Jan 10, 2020 1,063,478
Jan 17, 2020 1,063,073
Jan 24, 2020 1,066,621
Jan 31, 2020 1,069,976
Feb 07, 2020 1,077,435
Feb 14, 2020 1,077,850
Feb 21, 2020 1,078,302
Feb 28, 2020 1,079,086
Mar 06, 2020 1,086,750
Mar 13, 2020 1,088,704
Mar 20, 2020 1,090,327
Apr 10, 2020 1,138,585
Apr 17, 2020 1,153,607
Apr 24, 2020 1,163,748
May 01, 2020 1,170,054
May 08, 2020 1,171,242
May 15, 2020 1,168,142
May 22, 2020 1,178,181
May 29, 2020 1,180,124
Jun 05, 2020 1,188,064
Jun 12, 2020 1,191,010
Jun 19, 2020 1,194,443
Jun 26, 2020 1,188,940
Jul 03, 2020 1,195,204
Jul 10, 2020 1,187,837
Jul 17, 2020 1,192,727
Jul 24, 2020 1,182,116
Jul 31, 2020 1,174,737
Aug 07, 2020 1,167,983
Aug 14, 2020 1,163,680
Aug 21, 2020 1,157,228
Aug 28, 2020 1,146,566
Sep 04, 2020 1,148,294
Sep 11, 2020 1,141,778
Sep 18, 2020 1,139,358
Sep 25, 2020 1,135,577
Oct 02, 2020 1,134,933
Oct 09, 2020 1,129,956
Oct 16, 2020 1,128,188
Oct 23, 2020 1,131,850
Oct 30, 2020 1,123,699
Nov 06, 2020 1,127,412
Nov 13, 2020 1,127,776
Nov 20, 2020 1,126,911
Nov 27, 2020 1,126,232
Dec 04, 2020 1,141,316
Dec 11, 2020 1,138,182
Dec 18, 2020 1,137,619
Dec 25, 2020 1,131,554
Jan 01, 2021 1,123,544
Jan 08, 2021 1,120,296
Jan 15, 2021 1,124,648
Jan 22, 2021 1,114,739
Jan 29, 2021 1,113,745
Feb 05, 2021 1,106,935
Feb 12, 2021 1,099,530
Feb 19, 2021 1,100,815
Feb 26, 2021 1,122,378
Mar 05, 2021 1,136,176
Mar 12, 2021 1,138,572
Mar 19, 2021 1,140,484
Mar 26, 2021 1,139,608
Apr 02, 2021 1,136,086
Apr 09, 2021 1,129,090
Apr 16, 2021 1,128,941
Apr 23, 2021 1,127,582
Apr 30, 2021 1,118,544
May 28, 2021 1,107,103
Jun 04, 2021 1,100,513
Jun 11, 2021 1,092,267
Jun 18, 2021 1,082,948
Jun 25, 2021 1,074,829
Jul 02, 2021 1,066,780
Jul 09, 2021 1,058,884
Jul 16, 2021 1,060,991
Jul 23, 2021 1,056,902
Jul 30, 2021 1,060,529
Aug 06, 2021 1,060,081
Aug 13, 2021 1,056,846
Aug 20, 2021 1,053,866
Aug 27, 2021 1,046,697
Sep 03, 2021 1,045,169
Sep 10, 2021 1,038,218
Sep 17, 2021 1,033,533
Sep 24, 2021 1,037,231
Oct 01, 2021 1,038,657
Oct 08, 2021 1,043,945
Oct 15, 2021 1,041,820
Oct 22, 2021 1,044,998
Oct 29, 2021 1,046,643
Nov 05, 2021 1,044,500
Nov 12, 2021 1,039,150
Nov 19, 2021 1,038,525
Nov 26, 2021 1,035,667
Dec 03, 2021 1,033,737
Dec 10, 2021 1,027,203
Dec 17, 2021 1,019,952
Dec 24, 2021 1,015,023
Dec 31, 2021 1,011,533
Jan 07, 2022 1,006,680
Jan 14, 2022 1,005,847
Jan 21, 2022 1,006,972
Jan 28, 2022 1,004,055
Feb 04, 2022 997,902
Feb 11, 2022 996,336
Feb 18, 2022 998,406
Feb 25, 2022 993,445
Mar 04, 2022 989,058
Mar 11, 2022 991,420
Mar 18, 2022 984,722
Mar 25, 2022 978,272
Apr 01, 2022 976,951
Apr 08, 2022 982,434
Apr 15, 2022 969,713
Apr 22, 2022 967,494
Apr 29, 2022 965,712
May 06, 2022 967,208
May 13, 2022 958,804
May 20, 2022 951,814
May 27, 2022 941,325
Jun 03, 2022 936,081
Jun 10, 2022 930,326
Jun 17, 2022 923,146
Jul 15, 2022 906,758
Jul 22, 2022 896,631
Jul 29, 2022 896,408
Aug 05, 2022 896,568
Aug 12, 2022 886,110
Aug 19, 2022 874,737
Aug 26, 2022 868,344
Sep 02, 2022 869,662
Sep 09, 2022 863,690
Sep 16, 2022 857,932
Sep 23, 2022 853,142
Sep 30, 2022 845,592
Oct 07, 2022 847,781
Oct 14, 2022 842,492
Oct 21, 2022 841,663
Oct 28, 2022 836,622
Nov 04, 2022 836,974
Nov 11, 2022 827,474
Nov 18, 2022 822,183
Nov 25, 2022 808,200
Dec 02, 2022 800,917
Dec 09, 2022 806,400
Dec 16, 2022 796,858
Dec 23, 2022 794,080
Dec 30, 2022 793,026
Jan 06, 2023 811,187
Jan 13, 2023 819,594
Jan 20, 2023 820,127
Jan 27, 2023 824,267
Feb 03, 2023 826,690
Feb 10, 2023 842,973
Feb 17, 2023 850,620
Feb 24, 2023 851,786
Mar 03, 2023 850,092
Mar 10, 2023 851,642
Mar 17, 2023 852,759
Mar 24, 2023 845,270
Mar 31, 2023 841,127
Apr 07, 2023 840,124
Apr 14, 2023 833,931
Apr 21, 2023 827,856
Apr 28, 2023 824,571
May 05, 2023 824,598
May 12, 2023 827,210
May 19, 2023 813,122
May 26, 2023 815,093
Jun 02, 2023 812,774
Jun 09, 2023 818,811
Jun 16, 2023 813,261
Jun 23, 2023 802,307
Jun 30, 2023 799,341
Jul 07, 2023 804,886
Jul 14, 2023 804,179
Jul 21, 2023 803,579
Jul 28, 2023 786,530
Aug 04, 2023 793,376
Sep 01, 2023 766,977
Sep 08, 2023 771,222
Sep 15, 2023 769,686
Sep 22, 2023 767,267
Sep 29, 2023 765,343
Oct 06, 2023 775,513
Oct 13, 2023 771,022
Oct 20, 2023 772,394
Oct 27, 2023 773,167
Nov 03, 2023 787,036
Nov 10, 2023 790,628
Nov 17, 2023 799,328
Nov 24, 2023 801,251
Dec 01, 2023 796,948
Dec 08, 2023 792,684
Dec 15, 2023 796,222
Dec 22, 2023 789,901
Dec 29, 2023 785,453
Jan 05, 2024 787,397
Jan 12, 2024 785,501
Jan 19, 2024 777,188
Jan 26, 2024 779,314
Feb 02, 2024 785,449
Feb 09, 2024 798,213
Feb 16, 2024 802,475
Feb 23, 2024 807,417
Mar 01, 2024 809,490
Mar 08, 2024 808,550
Mar 15, 2024 807,348
Mar 22, 2024 811,257
Mar 29, 2024 815,058
Apr 05, 2024 821,494
Apr 12, 2024 824,877
Apr 19, 2024 819,302
Apr 26, 2024 827,161
May 03, 2024 826,746
May 10, 2024 824,831
May 17, 2024 827,649
May 24, 2024 823,978
May 31, 2024 826,109
Jun 07, 2024 830,178
Jun 14, 2024 828,017
Jun 21, 2024 832,893
Jun 28, 2024 821,134
Jul 05, 2024 818,168
Jul 12, 2024 813,948
Jul 19, 2024 810,897
Jul 26, 2024 808,146
Aug 02, 2024 805,154
Aug 09, 2024 807,205
Aug 16, 2024 803,192
Aug 23, 2024 803,091
Aug 30, 2024 797,982
Sep 06, 2024 799,094
Sep 13, 2024 798,119
Sep 20, 2024 794,935
May 07, 2021 1,116,719
Jun 24, 2022 913,434
Aug 11, 2023 788,016
Sep 27, 2024 799,484
Feb 15, 2019 1,103,651
Mar 27, 2020 1,104,160
Apr 03, 2020 1,119,337
May 14, 2021 1,116,138
May 21, 2021 1,112,830
Jul 01, 2022 915,828
Jul 08, 2022 912,201
Aug 18, 2023 782,476
Aug 25, 2023 772,486
Oct 04, 2024 805,671
WEEKLY US FIELD PRODUCTION OF CRUDE OIL SINCE 2018
(Source: EIA)
Measured by Barrels in Thousands
Jan 05, 2018 9,492
Jan 12, 2018 9,750
Jan 19, 2018 9,878
Jan 26, 2018 9,919
Feb 02, 2018 10,251
Feb 09, 2018 10,271
Feb 16, 2018 10,270
Feb 23, 2018 10,283
Mar 02, 2018 10,369
Mar 09, 2018 10,381
Mar 16, 2018 10,407
Mar 23, 2018 10,433
Mar 30, 2018 10,460
Apr 06, 2018 10,525
Apr 13, 2018 10,540
Apr 20, 2018 10,586
Apr 27, 2018 10,619
May 04, 2018 10,703
May 11, 2018 10,723
May 18, 2018 10,725
May 25, 2018 10,769
Jun 01, 2018 10,800
Jun 08, 2018 10,900
Jun 15, 2018 10,900
Jun 22, 2018 10,900
Jun 29, 2018 10,900
Jul 06, 2018 10,900
Jul 13, 2018 11,000
Jul 20, 2018 11,000
Jul 27, 2018 10,900
Aug 03, 2018 10,800
Aug 10, 2018 10,900
Aug 17, 2018 11,000
Aug 24, 2018 11,000
Aug 31, 2018 11,000
Sep 07, 2018 10,900
Sep 14, 2018 11,000
Sep 21, 2018 11,100
Sep 28, 2018 11,100
Oct 05, 2018 11,200
Oct 12, 2018 10,900
Oct 19, 2018 10,900
Oct 26, 2018 11,200
Nov 02, 2018 11,600
Nov 09, 2018 11,700
Nov 16, 2018 11,700
Nov 23, 2018 11,700
Nov 30, 2018 11,700
Dec 07, 2018 11,600
Dec 14, 2018 11,600
Dec 21, 2018 11,700
Dec 28, 2018 11,700
Jan 04, 2019 11,700
Jan 11, 2019 11,900
Jan 18, 2019 11,900
Jan 25, 2019 11,900
Feb 22, 2019 12,100
Mar 01, 2019 12,100
Mar 08, 2019 12,000
Mar 15, 2019 12,100
Mar 22, 2019 12,100
Mar 29, 2019 12,200
Apr 05, 2019 12,200
Apr 12, 2019 12,100
Apr 19, 2019 12,200
Apr 26, 2019 12,300
May 03, 2019 12,200
May 10, 2019 12,100
May 17, 2019 12,200
May 24, 2019 12,300
May 31, 2019 12,400
Jun 07, 2019 12,300
Jun 14, 2019 12,200
Jun 21, 2019 12,100
Jun 28, 2019 12,200
Jul 05, 2019 12,300
Jul 12, 2019 12,000
Jul 19, 2019 11,300
Jul 26, 2019 12,200
Aug 02, 2019 12,300
Aug 09, 2019 12,300
Aug 16, 2019 12,300
Aug 23, 2019 12,500
Aug 30, 2019 12,400
Sep 06, 2019 12,400
Sep 13, 2019 12,400
Sep 20, 2019 12,500
Sep 27, 2019 12,400
Oct 04, 2019 12,600
Oct 11, 2019 12,600
Oct 18, 2019 12,600
Oct 25, 2019 12,600
Nov 01, 2019 12,600
Nov 08, 2019 12,800
Nov 15, 2019 12,800
Nov 22, 2019 12,900
Nov 29, 2019 12,900
Dec 06, 2019 12,800
Dec 13, 2019 12,800
Dec 20, 2019 12,900
Dec 27, 2019 12,900
Jan 03, 2020 12,900
Jan 10, 2020 13,000
Jan 17, 2020 13,000
Jan 24, 2020 13,000
Jan 31, 2020 12,900
Feb 07, 2020 13,000
Feb 14, 2020 13,000
Feb 21, 2020 13,000
Feb 28, 2020 13,100
Mar 06, 2020 13,000
Mar 13, 2020 13,100
Apr 10, 2020 12,300
Apr 17, 2020 12,200
Apr 24, 2020 12,100
May 01, 2020 11,900
May 08, 2020 11,600
May 15, 2020 11,500
May 22, 2020 11,400
May 29, 2020 11,200
Jun 05, 2020 11,100
Jun 12, 2020 10,500
Jun 19, 2020 11,000
Jun 26, 2020 11,000
Jul 03, 2020 11,000
Jul 10, 2020 11,000
Jul 17, 2020 11,100
Jul 24, 2020 11,100
Jul 31, 2020 11,000
Aug 07, 2020 10,700
Aug 14, 2020 10,700
Aug 21, 2020 10,800
Aug 28, 2020 9,700
Sep 04, 2020 10,000
Sep 11, 2020 10,900
Sep 18, 2020 10,700
Sep 25, 2020 10,700
Oct 02, 2020 11,000
Oct 09, 2020 10,500
Oct 16, 2020 9,900
Oct 23, 2020 11,100
Oct 30, 2020 10,500
Nov 06, 2020 10,500
Nov 13, 2020 10,900
Nov 20, 2020 11,000
Nov 27, 2020 11,100
Dec 04, 2020 11,100
Dec 11, 2020 11,000
Dec 18, 2020 11,000
Dec 25, 2020 11,000
Jan 01, 2021 11,000
Jan 08, 2021 11,000
Jan 15, 2021 11,000
Jan 22, 2021 10,900
Jan 29, 2021 10,900
Feb 05, 2021 11,000
Feb 12, 2021 10,800
Feb 19, 2021 9,700
Feb 26, 2021 10,000
Mar 05, 2021 10,900
Mar 12, 2021 10,900
Mar 19, 2021 11,000
Mar 26, 2021 11,100
Apr 02, 2021 10,900
Apr 09, 2021 11,000
Apr 16, 2021 11,000
May 28, 2021 10,800
Jun 04, 2021 11,000
Jun 11, 2021 11,200
Jun 18, 2021 11,100
Jun 25, 2021 11,100
Jul 02, 2021 11,300
Jul 09, 2021 11,400
Jul 16, 2021 11,400
Jul 23, 2021 11,200
Jul 30, 2021 11,200
Aug 06, 2021 11,300
Aug 13, 2021 11,400
Aug 20, 2021 11,400
Aug 27, 2021 11,500
Sep 03, 2021 10,000
Sep 10, 2021 10,100
Sep 17, 2021 10,600
Sep 24, 2021 11,100
Oct 01, 2021 11,300
Oct 08, 2021 11,400
Oct 15, 2021 11,300
Oct 22, 2021 11,300
Oct 29, 2021 11,500
Nov 05, 2021 11,500
Nov 12, 2021 11,400
Nov 19, 2021 11,500
Nov 26, 2021 11,600
Dec 03, 2021 11,700
Dec 10, 2021 11,700
Dec 17, 2021 11,600
Dec 24, 2021 11,800
Dec 31, 2021 11,800
Jan 07, 2022 11,700
Jan 14, 2022 11,700
Jan 21, 2022 11,600
Jan 28, 2022 11,500
Feb 04, 2022 11,600
Feb 11, 2022 11,600
Feb 18, 2022 11,600
Feb 25, 2022 11,600
Mar 04, 2022 11,600
Mar 11, 2022 11,600
Mar 18, 2022 11,600
Mar 25, 2022 11,700
Apr 01, 2022 11,800
Apr 08, 2022 11,800
Apr 15, 2022 11,900
Apr 22, 2022 11,900
Apr 29, 2022 11,900
May 06, 2022 11,800
May 13, 2022 11,900
May 20, 2022 11,900
May 27, 2022 11,900
Jun 03, 2022 11,900
Jul 15, 2022 11,900
Jul 22, 2022 12,100
Jul 29, 2022 12,100
Aug 05, 2022 12,200
Aug 12, 2022 12,100
Aug 19, 2022 12,000
Aug 26, 2022 12,100
Sep 02, 2022 12,100
Sep 09, 2022 12,100
Sep 16, 2022 12,100
Sep 23, 2022 12,000
Sep 30, 2022 12,000
Oct 07, 2022 11,900
Oct 14, 2022 12,000
Oct 21, 2022 12,000
Oct 28, 2022 11,900
Nov 04, 2022 12,100
Nov 11, 2022 12,100
Nov 18, 2022 12,100
Nov 25, 2022 12,100
Dec 02, 2022 12,200
Dec 09, 2022 12,100
Dec 16, 2022 12,100
Dec 23, 2022 12,000
Dec 30, 2022 12,100
Jan 06, 2023 12,200
Jan 13, 2023 12,200
Jan 20, 2023 12,200
Jan 27, 2023 12,200
Feb 03, 2023 12,300
Feb 10, 2023 12,300
Feb 17, 2023 12,300
Feb 24, 2023 12,300
Mar 03, 2023 12,200
Mar 10, 2023 12,200
Mar 17, 2023 12,300
Mar 24, 2023 12,200
Mar 31, 2023 12,200
Apr 07, 2023 12,300
Apr 14, 2023 12,300
Apr 21, 2023 12,200
Apr 28, 2023 12,300
May 05, 2023 12,300
May 12, 2023 12,200
May 19, 2023 12,300
May 26, 2023 12,200
Jun 02, 2023 12,400
Jun 09, 2023 12,400
Jun 16, 2023 12,200
Jun 23, 2023 12,200
Jun 30, 2023 12,400
Jul 07, 2023 12,300
Jul 14, 2023 12,300
Jul 21, 2023 12,200
Sep 01, 2023 12,800
Sep 08, 2023 12,900
Sep 15, 2023 12,900
Sep 22, 2023 12,900
Sep 29, 2023 12,900
Oct 06, 2023 13,200
Oct 13, 2023 13,200
Oct 20, 2023 13,200
Oct 27, 2023 13,200
Nov 03, 2023 13,200
Nov 10, 2023 13,200
Nov 17, 2023 13,200
Nov 24, 2023 13,200
Dec 01, 2023 13,100
Dec 08, 2023 13,100
Dec 15, 2023 13,300
Dec 22, 2023 13,300
Dec 29, 2023 13,200
Jan 05, 2024 13,200
Jan 12, 2024 13,300
Jan 19, 2024 12,300
Jan 26, 2024 13,000
Feb 02, 2024 13,300
Feb 09, 2024 13,300
Feb 16, 2024 13,300
Feb 23, 2024 13,300
Mar 01, 2024 13,200
Mar 08, 2024 13,100
Mar 15, 2024 13,100
Mar 22, 2024 13,100
Mar 29, 2024 13,100
Apr 05, 2024 13,100
Apr 12, 2024 13,100
Apr 19, 2024 13,100
Apr 26, 2024 13,100
May 03, 2024 13,100
May 10, 2024 13,100
May 17, 2024 13,100
May 24, 2024 13,100
May 31, 2024 13,100
Jun 07, 2024 13,200
Jun 14, 2024 13,200
Jun 21, 2024 13,200
Jun 28, 2024 13,200
Jul 05, 2024 13,300
Jul 12, 2024 13,300
Jul 19, 2024 13,300
Jul 26, 2024 13,300
Aug 02, 2024 13,400
Aug 09, 2024 13,300
Aug 16, 2024 13,400
Aug 23, 2024 13,300
Aug 30, 2024 13,300
Sep 06, 2024 13,300
Apr 23, 2021 10,900
Apr 30, 2021 10,900
Jun 10, 2022 12,000
Jun 17, 2022 12,000
Jul 28, 2023 12,200
Aug 04, 2023 12,600
Sep 13, 2024 13,200
Sep 20, 2024 13,200
Feb 01, 2019 11,900
Feb 08, 2019 11,900
Feb 15, 2019 12,000
Mar 20, 2020 13,000
Mar 27, 2020 13,000
Apr 03, 2020 12,400
May 07, 2021 11,000
May 14, 2021 11,000
May 21, 2021 11,000
Jun 24, 2022 12,100
Jul 01, 2022 12,100
Jul 08, 2022 12,000
Aug 11, 2023 12,700
Aug 18, 2023 12,800
Aug 25, 2023 12,800
Sep 27, 2024 13,300
Oct 04, 2024 13,400
SPOT PRICES FOR CRUDE OIL SINCE 12/2023
(Source: EIA)
Spot Price FOB - Dollars per Barrel
Dec 01, 2023
Dec 04, 2023
Dec 05, 2023
Dec 06, 2023
Dec 07, 2023
Dec 08, 2023
Dec 11, 2023
Dec 12, 2023
Dec 13, 2023
Dec 14, 2023
$73.70 $78.72
$72.73 $78.16
$71.95 $77.27
$68.98 $74.33
$69.00 $74.21
$70.87 $75.94
$70.95 $75.75
$68.27 $74.11
$69.09 $74.14
$71.21 $77.05
Dec 15, 2023 $71.05 $76.84
Dec 18, 2023 $72.16 $78.89
Dec 19, 2023 $73.23 $79.82
Dec 20, 2023 $73.87 $81.10
Dec 21, 2023
$73.59 $80.73
Dec 22, 2023 $73.29 $80.23
Dec 26, 2023 $75.84
Dec 27, 2023 $74.31 $80.97
Dec 28, 2023 $72.02 $79.04
Dec 29, 2023 $71.89 $77.69
Jan 02, 2024 $70.62 $76.24
Jan 03, 2024 $72.97 $77.18
Jan 04, 2024 $72.38 $75.79
Jan 05, 2024 $74.00 $78.31
Jan 08, 2024 $71.06 $75.47
Jan 09, 2024 $72.43 $77.97
Jan 10, 2024 $71.57 $78.46
Jan 11, 2024 $72.15 $80.21
Jan 12, 2024 $72.94 $79.89
Jan 15, 2024 $79.76
Jan 16, 2024 $72.63 $80.15
Jan 17, 2024 $72.79 $78.88
Jan 18, 2024 $74.32 $81.04
Jan 19, 2024 $73.69 $80.71
Jan 22, 2024 $75.26 $81.70
Jan 23, 2024 $74.72 $82.04
Jan 24, 2024 $75.48 $82.15
Jan 25, 2024 $77.91 $82.33
Jan 26, 2024 $78.45 $83.34
Jan 29, 2024 $77.25 $83.99
Jan 30, 2024 $78.30 $84.14
Jan 31, 2024 $76.28 $82.98
Feb 01, 2024 $74.36 $82.20
Feb 02, 2024 $72.72 $79.54
Feb 05, 2024 $73.21 $79.30
Feb 06, 2024 $73.83 $80.46
Feb 07, 2024 $74.26 $81.18
Feb 08, 2024 $76.67 $83.01
Feb 09, 2024 $77.26 $83.58
Feb 12, 2024 $77.34 $83.88
Feb 13, 2024 $78.28 $84.72
Feb 14, 2024 $77.09 $84.41
Feb 15, 2024 $78.47 $84.33
Feb 16, 2024 $79.65 $84.88
Feb 19, 2024 $85.52
Feb 20, 2024 $78.72 $84.78
Feb 21, 2024 $78.89 $84.77
Feb 22, 2024 $79.64 $85.84
Feb 23, 2024 $77.60 $84.18
Feb 26, 2024 $78.53 $84.01
Feb 27, 2024 $79.80 $83.80
Feb 28, 2024 $79.44 $84.08
Feb 29, 2024 $79.22 $84.57
Mar 01, 2024 $80.90 $84.82
Mar 04, 2024 $79.67 $86.58
Mar 05, 2024 $79.11 $85.82
Mar 06, 2024 $80.08 $86.59
Mar 07, 2024 $79.81 $84.88
Mar 08, 2024 $78.96 $84.29
Mar 11, 2024 $78.87 $83.44
Mar 12, 2024 $78.51 $83.66
Mar 13, 2024 $80.67 $83.95
Mar 14, 2024 $82.16 $86.16
Mar 15, 2024 $81.94 $85.39
Mar 18, 2024 $83.68 $86.47
Mar 19, 2024 $84.39 $87.36
Mar 20, 2024 $82.79 $85.77
Mar 21, 2024 $81.99 $84.92
Mar 22, 2024 $81.10 $84.87
Mar 25, 2024 $82.41 $86.18
Mar 26, 2024 $82.41 $85.91
Mar 27, 2024 $82.15 $84.94
Mar 28, 2024 $83.96 $86.17
Apr 01, 2024 $84.54
Apr 02, 2024 $85.95 $87.63
Apr 03, 2024 $86.22 $90.60
Apr 04, 2024 $87.37 $90.32
Apr 05, 2024 $87.69 $92.81
Apr 08, 2024 $87.24 $91.73
Apr 09, 2024 $86.04 $92.13
Apr 10, 2024 $86.98 $91.57
Apr 11, 2024 $85.79 $91.49
Apr 12, 2024 $86.46 $93.12
Apr 15, 2024 $86.21 $90.84
Apr 16, 2024 $86.15 $91.29
Apr 17, 2024 $83.58 $89.54
Apr 18, 2024 $83.50 $88.34
Apr 19, 2024 $83.79 $87.96
Apr 22, 2024 $83.82 $87.30
Apr 23, 2024 $84.17 $88.29
Apr 24, 2024 $84.09 $89.02
Apr 25, 2024 $84.92 $88.10
Apr 26, 2024 $85.38 $89.95
Apr 29, 2024 $84.26 $88.44
Apr 30, 2024 $83.49 $88.23
May 01, 2024 $80.70 $83.55
May 02, 2024 $80.59 $84.81
May 03, 2024 $79.65 $83.60
May 06, 2024 $80.10
May 07, 2024 $79.97 $82.69
May 08, 2024 $80.57 $82.44
May 09, 2024 $80.86 $83.27
May 10, 2024 $79.81 $83.39
May 13, 2024 $80.71 $83.18
May 14, 2024 $79.62 $81.00
May 15, 2024 $80.23 $79.98
May 16, 2024 $80.85 $81.65
May 17, 2024 $81.66 $82.24
May 20, 2024 $81.39 $81.91
May 21, 2024 $80.66 $81.22
May 22, 2024 $79.15 $79.90
May 23, 2024 $77.47 $79.25
May 24, 2024 $78.48 $78.92
May 28, 2024 $80.90 $81.34
May 29, 2024 $80.24 $81.50
May 30, 2024 $78.96 $81.42
May 31, 2024 $77.97 $79.41
Jun 03, 2024 $75.26 $76.45
Jun 04, 2024 $74.27 $75.33
Jun 05, 2024 $75.08 $75.41
Jun 06, 2024 $76.52 $77.62
Jun 07, 2024 $76.53 $78.12
Jun 10, 2024 $78.75 $79.59
Jun 11, 2024 $78.88 $80.15
Jun 12, 2024 $79.56 $80.52
Jun 13, 2024 $79.61 $81.44
Jun 14, 2024 $79.41 $81.49
Jun 17, 2024 $81.33 $82.45
Jun 18, 2024 $82.67 $84.79
Jun 19, 2024 $85.64
Jun 20, 2024 $83.34 $85.92
Jun 21, 2024 $81.71 $86.42
Jun 24, 2024 $82.63 $86.75
Jun 25, 2024 $81.97 $86.81
Jun 26, 2024 $82.19 $85.76
Jun 27, 2024 $83.04 $87.00
Jun 28, 2024 $82.83 $87.26
Jul 01, 2024 $84.70 $86.57
Jul 02, 2024 $84.09 $88.28
Jul 03, 2024 $85.19 $88.25
Jul 04, 2024 $88.34
Jul 05, 2024 $84.44 $88.66
Jul 08, 2024 $83.63 $87.15
Jul 09, 2024 $82.78 $86.48
Jul 10, 2024 $83.39 $86.55
Jul 11, 2024 $83.92 $86.49
Jul 12, 2024 $83.49 $87.35
Jul 15, 2024 $83.22 $86.42
Jul 16, 2024 $81.92 $86.60
Jul 17, 2024 $84.16 $85.76
Jul 18, 2024 $84.17 $86.26
Jul 19, 2024 $81.43 $85.19
Jul 22, 2024 $81.25 $83.44
Jul 23, 2024 $78.24 $82.20
Jul 24, 2024 $78.78 $83.01
Jul 25, 2024 $79.43 $82.58
Jul 26, 2024 $78.58
Jul 29, 2024 $77.27 $80.94
Jul 30, 2024 $76.17 $79.26
Jul 31, 2024 $79.36 $81.39
Aug 01, 2024 $77.74 $81.37
Aug 02, 2024 $74.99 $78.35
Aug 05, 2024 $74.46 $77.51
Aug 06, 2024 $74.60 $76.62
Aug 07, 2024 $76.68 $78.26
Aug 08, 2024 $77.64 $80.76
Aug 09, 2024 $78.28 $81.07
Aug 12, 2024 $81.45 $83.06
Aug 13, 2024 $79.81 $82.51
Aug 14, 2024 $78.47 $82.15
Aug 15, 2024 $79.66 $83.09
Aug 16, 2024 $78.05 $81.56
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug 26, 2024 $78.40
Aug 27, 2024 $76.50 $81.51
Aug 28, 2024 $75.49 $80.04
Aug 29, 2024 $76.90 $81.55
Aug 30, 2024 $74.52 $80.20
Sep 02, 2024 $77.82
Sep 03, 2024 $71.28 $76.46
Sep 04, 2024 $70.11 $74.67
Sep 05, 2024 $70.09 $74.47
Sep 06, 2024 $68.58 $72.82
Sep 09, 2024 $69.65 $72.37
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep 17, 2024 $72.16 $74.55
Sep 18, 2024 $71.87 $74.52
Sep 19, 2024 $72.86 $75.93
Sep 20, 2024 $72.72 $75.96
Sep 23, 2024 $71.33 $74.95
Sep 24, 2024 $72.34 $75.29
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Oct 01, 2024 $70.41 $75.30
Oct 02, 2024 $70.74 $74.86
Oct 03, 2024 $74.33 $77.57
Oct 04, 2024 $74.93 $79.32
Oct 07, 2024 $77.76 $81.74
SPOT PRICE CONVENTIONAL REGULAR GASOLINE SINCE 12/2023
(Source: EIA)
Conventional Gasoline Regular Spot Price FOB - Dollars per Gallon
U.S.
Dec 01, 2023 2.226 2.016
Dec 04, 2023 2.315 2
Dec 05, 2023 2.281 1.966
Dec 06, 2023 2.202 1.872
Dec 07, 2023 2.181 1.851
Dec 08, 2023 2.23 1.92
Dec 11, 2023 2.214 1.909
Dec 12, 2023 2.141 1.801
Dec 13, 2023 2.183 1.843
Dec 14, 2023 2.27 1.97
Dec 15, 2023 2.283 1.983
Dec 18, 2023 2.252 2.099
Dec 19, 2023 2.281 2.141
Dec 20, 2023 2.257 2.132
Dec 21, 2023 2.237 2.102
Dec 22, 2023 2.196 2.184
Dec 26, 2023 2.223 2.21
Dec 27, 2023 2.222 2.187
Dec 28, 2023 2.166 2.126
Dec 29, 2023 2.159 2.06
Jan 02, 2024 2.215 2.053
Jan 03, 2024 2.228 2.123
Jan 04, 2024 2.213 2.085
Jan 05, 2024 2.207 2.092
Jan 08, 2024 2.137 2.002
Jan 09, 2024 2.176 2.041
Jan 10, 2024 2.14 2.06
Jan 11, 2024 2.201 2.121
Jan 12, 2024 2.192 2.127
Jan 16, 2024 2.188 2.128
Jan 17, 2024 2.202 2.144
Jan 18, 2024 2.245 2.147
Jan 19, 2024 2.241 2.146
Jan 22, 2024 2.301 2.206
Jan 23, 2024 2.274 2.174
Jan 24, 2024 2.307 2.167
Jan 25, 2024 2.345 2.213
Jan 26, 2024 2.379 2.264
Jan 29, 2024 2.324 2.266
Jan 30, 2024 2.345 2.285
Jan 31, 2024 2.256 2.22
Feb 01, 2024 2.227 2.207
Feb 02, 2024 2.169 2.149
Feb 05, 2024 2.238 2.228
Feb 06, 2024 2.252 2.222
Feb 07, 2024 2.312 2.285
Feb 08, 2024 2.359 2.357
Feb 09, 2024 2.354 2.351
Feb 12, 2024 2.386 2.391
Feb 13, 2024 2.404 2.434
Feb 14, 2024 2.334 2.329
Feb 15, 2024 2.326 2.328
Feb 16, 2024 2.348 2.348
Feb 20, 2024 2.312 2.312
Feb 21, 2024 2.367 2.333
Feb 22, 2024 2.36 2.387
Feb 23, 2024 2.315 2.307
Feb 26, 2024 2.341 2.335
Feb 27, 2024 2.377 2.367
Feb 28, 2024 2.346 2.389
Feb 29, 2024 2.39 2.432
Mar 01, 2024 2.42 2.482
Mar 04, 2024 2.396 2.476
Mar 05, 2024 2.379 2.419
Mar 06, 2024 2.353 2.418
Mar 07, 2024 2.36 2.425
Mar 08, 2024 2.33 2.327
Mar 11, 2024 2.412 2.532
Mar 12, 2024 2.42 2.56
Mar 13, 2024 2.488 2.628
Mar 14, 2024 2.527 2.637
Mar 15, 2024 2.545 2.62
Mar 18, 2024 2.55 2.628
Mar 19, 2024 2.566 2.636
Mar 20, 2024 2.586 2.651
Mar 21, 2024 2.572 2.632
Mar 22, 2024 2.585 2.615
Mar 25, 2024 2.555 2.583
Mar 26, 2024 2.49 2.525
Mar 27, 2024 2.491 2.524
Mar 28, 2024 2.583 2.574
Apr 01, 2024 2.693 2.58
Apr 02, 2024 2.743 2.608
Apr 03, 2024 2.751 2.576
Apr 04, 2024 2.787 2.612
Apr 05, 2024 2.763 2.625
Apr 08, 2024 2.736 2.604
Apr 09, 2024 2.748 2.615
Apr 10, 2024 2.754 2.642
Apr 11, 2024 2.756 2.644
Apr 12, 2024 2.769 2.659
Apr 15, 2024 2.776 2.638
Apr 16, 2024 2.789 2.666
Apr 17, 2024 2.707 2.585
Apr 18, 2024 2.676 2.544
Apr 19, 2024 2.684 2.509
Apr 22, 2024 2.723 2.523
Apr 23, 2024 2.759 2.536
Apr 24, 2024 2.763 2.593
Apr 25, 2024 2.797 2.627
Apr 26, 2024 2.789 2.585
Apr 29, 2024 2.781 2.589
Apr 30, 2024 2.733 2.534
May 01, 2024 2.608 2.438
May 02, 2024
May 03, 2024
May 06, 2024 2.575
May 07, 2024 2.54 2.396
May 08, 2024 2.533 2.394
May 09, 2024 2.581 2.426
May 10, 2024 2.521 2.378
May 13, 2024 2.533 2.376
May 14, 2024 2.481 2.329
May 15, 2024 2.52 2.367
May 16, 2024 2.554 2.441
May 17, 2024 2.588 2.481
May 20, 2024 2.551 2.444
May 21, 2024 2.527 2.385
May 22, 2024 2.482 2.372
May 23, 2024 2.505 2.395
May 24, 2024 2.503 2.355
May 28, 2024 2.526 2.371
May 29, 2024 2.47 2.3
May 30, 2024 2.409 2.244
May 31, 2024 2.435 2.27
Jun 03, 2024 2.343 2.186
Jun 04, 2024 2.347 2.215
Jun 05, 2024 2.36 2.225
Jun 06, 2024 2.4 2.25
Jun 07, 2024 2.376 2.209
Jun 10, 2024 2.413 2.246
Jun 11, 2024 2.411 2.233
Jun 12, 2024 2.393 2.228
Jun 13, 2024 2.412 2.25
Jun 14, 2024 2.402 2.252
Jun 17, 2024 2.446 2.271
Jun 18, 2024 2.48 2.305
Jun 20, 2024 2.5 2.29
Jun 21, 2024 2.511 2.336
Jun 24, 2024 2.512 2.337
Jun 25, 2024 2.514 2.321
Jun 26, 2024 2.536 2.356
Jun 27, 2024 2.544 2.379
Jun 28, 2024 2.527 2.345
Jul 01, 2024 2.573 2.435
Jul 02, 2024 2.577 2.439
Jul 03, 2024 2.592 2.457
Jul 05, 2024 2.579 2.451
Jul 08, 2024 2.542 2.404
Jul 09, 2024 2.527 2.407
Jul 10, 2024 2.51 2.355
Jul 11, 2024 2.525 2.37
Jul 12, 2024 2.503 2.356
Jul 15, 2024 2.483 2.336
Jul 16, 2024 2.464 2.339
Jul 17, 2024 2.492 2.382
Jul 18, 2024 2.498 2.388
Jul 19, 2024
Jul 22, 2024
Jul 23, 2024
WEEKLY US ENDING STOCKS OF CRUDE OIL SINCE 8/2023
(Source: EIA)
August 1, 2023
$2.49
August 2, 2023 $2.43
August 3, 2023 $2.44
August 4, 2023 $2.53
August 7, 2023 $2.65
August 8, 2023
$2.77
August 9, 2023 $2.92
August 10, 2023 $2.83
August 11, 2023 $2.61
August 14, 2023 $2.74
August 15, 2023 $2.65
August 16, 2023 $2.55
August 17, 2023 $2.56
August 18, 2023 $2.44
August 21, 2023 $2.60
August 22, 2023 $2.58
August 23, 2023 $2.60
August 24, 2023 $2.42
August 25, 2023 $2.46
August 28, 2023 $2.60
August 29, 2023 $2.50
August 30, 2023 $2.48
August 31, 2023 $2.56
September 1, 2023 $2.70
September 5, 2023 $2.60
September 6, 2023 $2.49
September 7, 2023 $2.45
September 8, 2023 $2.53
September 11, 2023 $2.50
September 12, 2023 $2.72
September 13, 2023 $2.76
September 14, 2023 $2.81
September 15, 2023 $2.74
September 18, 2023 $2.54
September 19, 2023 $2.46
September 20, 2023 $2.78
September 21, 2023 $2.70
September 22, 2023 $2.63
September 25, 2023 $2.63
September 26, 2023 $2.55
September 27, 2023 $2.72
September 28, 2023 $2.74
September 29, 2023 $2.68
October 2, 2023 $2.70
October 3, 2023 $2.71
October 4, 2023 $2.92
October 5, 2023 $2.92
October 6, 2023 $3.30
October 10, 2023 $3.34
October 11, 2023 $3.19
October 12, 2023 $3.16
October 13, 2023 $3.11
October 16, 2023 $2.98
October 17, 2023 $2.94
October 18, 2023 $2.92
October 19, 2023 $2.84
October 20, 2023 $2.60
October 23, 2023 $2.65
October 24, 2023 $2.85
October 25, 2023 $2.86
October 26, 2023
$2.87
October 27, 2023 $3.24
October 30, 2023 $3.17
October 31, 2023 $3.34
November 1, 2023 $3.19
November 2, 2023 $3.12
November 3, 2023 $3.00
November 6, 2023 $2.71
November 7, 2023 $2.00
November 8, 2023 $2.18
November 9, 2023 $2.71
November 10, 2023 $2.71
November 13, 2023 $2.61
November 14, 2023 $2.69
November 15, 2023 $2.88
November 16, 2023 $2.91
November 17, 2023 $2.62
November 20, 2023 $2.49
November 21, 2023 $2.63
November 22, 2023 $2.72
November 24, 2023 $2.72
November 27, 2023 $2.74
November 28, 2023 $2.78
November 29, 2023 $2.70
November 30, 2023 $2.75
December 1, 2023 $2.63
December 4, 2023 $2.55
December 5, 2023 $2.72
December 6, 2023 $2.76
December 7, 2023 $2.52
December 8, 2023 $2.57
December 11, 2023 $2.39
December 12, 2023 $2.37
December 13, 2023 $2.33
December 14, 2023 $2.39
December 15, 2023 $2.44
December 18, 2023 $2.59
December 19, 2023 $2.44
December 20, 2023 $2.48
December 21, 2023 $2.48
December 22, 2023 $2.54
December 26, 2023 $2.50
December 27, 2023 $2.63
December 28, 2023 $2.55
December 29, 2023 $2.58
January 2, 2024 $2.56
January 3, 2024 $2.57
January 4, 2024 $2.83
January 5, 2024 $2.75
January 8, 2024 $2.72
January 9, 2024 $3.25
January 10, 2024 $3.25
January 11, 2024 $3.15
January 12, 2024 $13.20
January 16, 2024 $3.25
January 17, 2024 $2.86
January 18, 2024 $2.88
January 19, 2024 $2.70
January 22, 2024 $2.35
January 23, 2024 $2.15
January 24, 2024
$2.45
January 25, 2024 $2.56
January 26, 2024 $2.36
January 29, 2024
$2.41
January 30, 2024 $2.26
January 31, 2024 $2.19
February 1, 2024 $2.15
February 2, 2024 $2.01
February 5, 2024 $2.12
February 6, 2024 $2.10
February 7, 2024 $1.94
February 8, 2024 $1.74
February 9, 2024 $1.74
February 12, 2024 $1.76
February 13, 2024 $1.61
February 14, 2024 $1.51
February 15, 2024 $1.53
February 16, 2024 $1.55
February 20, 2024 $1.50
February 21, 2024 $1.58
February 22, 2024 $1.62
February 23, 2024 $1.52
February 26, 2024 $1.65
February 27, 2024 $1.52
February 28, 2024 $1.61
February 29, 2024 $1.67
March 1, 2024 $1.47
March 4, 2024 $1.48
March 5, 2024 $1.51
March 6, 2024 $1.67
March 7, 2024 $1.56
March 8, 2024 $1.54
March 11, 2024 $1.54
March 12, 2024 $1.57
March 13, 2024 $1.25
March 14, 2024 $1.26
March 15, 2024 $1.38
March 18, 2024 $1.54
March 19, 2024 $1.55
March 20, 2024 $1.58
March 21, 2024 $1.55
March 22, 2024 $1.50
March 25, 2024 $1.46
March 26, 2024 $1.48
March 27, 2024 $1.43
March 28, 2024 $1.54
April 1, 2024 $1.64
April 2, 2024 $1.65
April 3, 2024 $1.86
April 4, 2024 $1.78
April 5, 2024 $1.58
April 8, 2024 $1.73
April 9, 2024 $1.83
April 10, 2024 $1.90
April 11, 2024 $1.62
April 12, 2024 $1.36
April 15, 2024 $1.41
April 16, 2024 $1.38
April 17, 2024 $1.50
April 18, 2024 $1.59
April 19, 2024 $1.43
April 22, 2024 $1.64
April 23, 2024 $1.59
April 24, 2024 $1.60
April 25, 2024 $1.46
April 26, 2024 $1.40
April 29, 2024 $1.55
April 30, 2024 $1.68
May 1, 2024 $1.63
May 2, 2024 $1.66
May 3, 2024 $1.67
May 6, 2024 $1.88
May 7, 2024 $1.95
May 8, 2024 $2.01
May 9, 2024 $2.03
May 10, 2024 $2.14
May 13, 2024 $2.11
May 14, 2024 $2.14
May 15, 2024 $2.12
May 16, 2024 $2.32
May 17, 2024 $2.44
May 20, 2024 $2.52
May 21, 2024 $2.52
May 22, 2024 $2.51
May 23, 2024 $2.64
May 24, 2024 $2.22
May 28, 2024 $2.29
May 29, 2024 $2.20
May 30, 2024 $1.87
May 31, 2024 $1.78
June 3, 2024 $2.55
June 4, 2024 $2.58
June 5, 2024 $2.27
June 6, 2024 $2.30
June 7, 2024 $2.46
June 10, 2024 $2.61
June 11, 2024 $2.71
June 12, 2024 $2.80
June 13, 2024 $2.79
June 14, 2024 $2.74
June 17, 2024 $2.50
June 18, 2024 $2.43
June 20, 2024 $2.39
June 21, 2024 $2.44
June 24, 2024 $2.58
June 25, 2024 $2.61
June 26, 2024 $2.45
June 27, 2024 $2.55
June 28, 2024 $2.42
July 1, 2024 $2.21
July 2, 2024 $2.06
July 3, 2024 $2.02
July 5, 2024 $2.02
July 8, 2024 $2.10
July 9, 2024 $2.42
July 10, 2024 $2.40
July 11, 2024 $2.23
July 12, 2024 $2.17
July 15, 2024 $2.12
July 16, 2024 $2.10
July 17, 2024 $1.98
July 18, 2024 $2.00
July 19, 2024 $1.88
July 22, 2024 $2.19
July 23, 2024 $2.13
July 24, 2024 $2.00
July 25, 2024 $2.00
July 26, 2024 $1.98
July 29, 2024 $1.90
July 30, 2024 $1.81
July 31, 2024 $1.94
August 1, 2024 $1.95
August 2, 2024 $1.89
August 5, 2024 $1.83
August 6, 2024 $1.83
August 7, 2024 $1.96
August 8, 2024 $1.85
August 9, 2024 $1.94
August 12, 2024 $2.10
August 13, 2024 $2.16
August 14, 2024 $2.18
August 15, 2024 $2.19
August 16, 2024 $2.01
August 19, 2024 $2.12
August 20, 2024 $2.18
August 21, 2024 $2.14
August 22, 2024 $1.93
August 23, 2024 $1.82
August 26, 2024 $1.92
August 27, 2024 $1.91
August 28, 2024 $1.89
August 29, 2024 $1.85
August 30, 2024 $1.93
September 3, 2024 $2.01
September 4, 2024 $2.05
September 5, 2024 $2.02
September 6, 2024 $2.09
September 9, 2024 $2.03
September 10, 2024 $2.13
September 11, 2024 $2.13
September 12, 2024 $2.13
September 13, 2024 $2.25
September 16, 2024 $2.23
September 17, 2024 $2.33
September 18, 2024 $2.31
September 19, 2024 $2.24
September 20, 2024 $2.20
September 23, 2024 $2.40
September 24, 2024 $2.61
September 25, 2024 $2.62
September 26, 2024 $2.64
September 27, 2024 $2.53
September 30, 2024 $2.65
October 1, 2024 $2.67
October 2, 2024 $2.77
October 3, 2024 $2.75
October 4, 2024 $2.49
October 7, 2024 $2.51
October 8, 2024 $2.39
The DUG Executive Oil Conference, now in its 31st year, brings together the major players in the region as they lead the way in oil and gas production. They’ll share a comprehensive view of the region’s role in U.S. energy security, the impacts of the domestic economy on the industry, and the latest M&A activity in the basin.
November 21 | Fair to Midland Sponsored by:
• Offices
• Corporate housing & man camps
• Rental & move out make readies
• Post construction clean up
• Disinfecting (covid, flu, etc.)
• Floor stripping & waxing
• Supply service
• Windows
Insured & Bonded
• WTCC requires confidentiality agreements with employees
Customized Rates
• Plans based on your needs
Honest & Dependable Staff
• Report cards for every cleaning job
• Special packages & referral discounts available
• Mandatory drug tests & background checks
At Oil & Gas Direct, our advertising solutions are crafted to optimize your marketing spend, ensuring your campaigns are efficient and reach the ideal audience with the right message at the perfect moment. We focus on maximizing your impact while driving measurable ROI for your business.
Our digital display advertising delivers targeted solutions to elevate your brand in the oil and gas industry. With precise targeting and impactful messaging, we help you reach key decision-makers, driving engagement and maximizing ROI.
O&G Direct analytics and reporting delivers key insights to track and optimize campaigns in the oil and gas industry. Realtime data helps you measure engagement, refine targeting, and maximize your marketing impact.
SEM and PPC services expertly drive targeted traffic for the oil and gas industry. Through strategic keyword bidding and ongoing optimization, we ensure your brand reaches the right audience, boosting visibility, clicks, and overall engagement.
