LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT Chapter 9
Defining: Sex ...proper:es of a person that determine their classifica:on as male or female
• Gene%c: Males = XY / Females = XX • Hormonal: Estrogen / Androgen (testosterone: most common) • Anatomical: external genitalia
secondary sex characteris%cs
Defining: Gender …the sociocultural dimension of being male or female Gender Iden:ty à a person’s psychological sense of being male or female – Masculinity – Femininity – Androgyny (both)
Gender Role à the behaviors, aDtudes, and personality traits that are designated as either masculine or feminine according to culture – Stereotypes
Gender Iden:ty: Social & Psychological dimensions of being either Male or Female
Gender on Development • Social Learning Theory • Gender Schema Theory
Social Learning Theory Gender roles are learned through reinforcement, punishment, and modeling • Males and females are treated differently from birth • You are rewarded for gender appropriate behavior and are punished for gender inappropriate behavior
Gender Schema Theory Once kids know their own gender label, they selec:vely watch and model their own sex
Gender-‐role stereotypes Men: dominant, aggressive Women: nurturing, weak