Limbe Facility: Examining Performance by Heather Martin

Limbe Facility: EXAMINING PERFORMANCE

Examining Performance_Design of the Limbe Medical Facility

by Heather Martin

Project presented to the Faculty of the Department of Architecture College of Architecture and the Built Environment Philadelphia University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE Design 10: Research and Design Faculty Chris Harnish

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania May 2015

THESIS: C R E AT I N G A H I G H P E R F O R M A N C E P R O G R A M T H AT R E A C T S T O T H E N AT U R A L L I G H T A N D V E N T I L AT I O N I S A C R I T I C A L S TA RT I N G P O I N T T O T H E D E V E L O P M E N T O F A M E D I C A L FA C I L I T Y.

ta b l e o f C o n t e n t s 01

T H E S I S S TAT E M E N T / A B S T R A C T

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

I N V E S T I G AT I V E M E T H O D S

D E S I G N O B J E C T I V E S a nd design b r ie f

s I T E A N A L Y S I S an d d o c u m entati o n

e n v i r o n m e n ta l a s p e c t s

PROGRAM STUDY

p r o c e s s D OC U M E N T A T I O N

f i n a l d o c u m e n tat i o n

critique

works cited

T H E S I S S TAT E M E N T / ABSTRACT 1. “Malawi,” World Renew, 2015, Web, 12 May 2015, http://worldrenew.net/malawi.

T H E S I S statement complete abstract

The intent of the project was to continue to enhance the design of the Limbe Medical Facility from Design IX in the Fall of 2014. As it left off the project had reached the schematic phase in the design process and through this semester it will continue to grow into the design development phase. The program adjacency plays a major role in the success of the building and a reexamination of this first pass layout will create a stronger flow through the campus. In closer connection with the client in Malawi, the program and phasing will be enhanced from not only from a programmatic point of view but also from a person that is familiar to this culture and the necessary layout needed to achieve cohesion throughout the facility. Once an agreed upon layout can be achieved from both the client and architect, investigation of environmental factors will need to be reexamined to inform the building form and orientation along the site. Utilizing the natural ventilation and daylight will reduce energy consumption through the use of passive thermal strategies. In addition, the implementation of high quality day lighting systems assists in the reduction of electrical lighting and further reduces dependence on the unreliable energy grid established in Malawi. The incorporation of cross ventilation through the interior spaces not only provides for passive cooling and cuts down on energy consumption, but it also keeps the interior air clean of static germs by continually cycling fresh exterior through the spaces. In order to present this information in a comprehensive, logical manner, a methodology was created to choose two main program spaces to focus on and achieve careful detailed analysis. This information could then be broadened throughout the rest of the campus as a foundation for the layout of the windows and shading structures needed to keep each space thermally comfortable. This presentation style will focus on who the energy performance studies will carry through to the elevation design and thus to the floor plan layouts of each space. Through focusing on the energy performance side of the building, it has provided backing for the design strategy of last semester and created a reliable research that shows each space achieving the necessary thermal comfort of each interior need.

1.1

user flow analysis diagram

1.2

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 2. “Malawi: The Warm Heart of Africa,” The Friendly Gecko, May 2014, Web, 21 May 2015, http://www.friendlygecko.com/guesthouse/malawi/malawi.html.

research o b j ecti v es

The early research consisted of several e-mail conversations with the client on what changes needed to be made from last semesters program layout to achieve a more successful campus design. Recognizing and designing for the clientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s needs allows for more precise results in accommodating the particular and overall design. Having the close communication with the client also provides for further understanding of the culture and the people that will be using the facility on a daily basis. Room sizes, exterior connection, and the need for privacy are key elements that can not be researched but must be learned through real life experience within the culture. The client provides this side of information that will enhance the design and layout for the medical clinic. The second layer of research is much more in depth and detailed. Through the introduction of a energy performance software known as Sefaira, extensive analysis was done on two main program spaces. The analysis mainly consisted of day lighting within the interior spaces, and cross ventilation for thermal comfort. The Limbe Facility hopes to eliminate as much use of electrical lights and HVAC as possible so this analysis will be key to optimizing the natural day lighting and ventilation throughout the program. Each room has a specific program need, and based off of it a certain amount of lux must be reached throughout the day to achieve the correct amount of lighting. In terms of cross ventilation, a calculation based on form and square footage of a space can be achieved to determine the amount of operable windows needed to successfully cool the interior program. With this information the research will support the design of each facade and consequently begin to layout the furniture within each room. The software allows for several iterations of window placement and size, roof materials and angles, amount of shading along each facade, etc., until an optimal design is achieved. After each iteration a breakdown of numbers is calculated to see the results it has on the energy consumption within the space. Once the goal number is achieved the numbers are reflected back onto the elevation and floor plan of each space and a more cohesive and research supported master plan will ensue.

2.1

precedent: butaro hospital3

3. â&#x20AC;&#x153;The Butaro Disrict Hospital,â&#x20AC;? Mass Design Group, 2015, Web, 12 May 2015, http://www.massdesigngroup.org/portfolio/butarohospital/.

2.2

I N V E S T I G AT I V E METHODS 4. “Malawi People and Culture,” Web, 12 May 2015, http://galleryhip.com/malawi-people-and-culture.html.

in v estigati v e metho d s The cumulative initial research done by Sean Carlin and Heather Martin last semester served as the starting point to further delve into particular energy performance and architectural design. The important steps to determining which program spaces to focus on when performing the energy simulations came down to three main factors. The first factor was the program needs for the interior space. Depending on how strenuous the task is within will effect the amount of light intensity needed within the space. The next factor correlates with the orientation of the building. Since the campus is comprised of several different buildings, each one sits different along the site and thus the suns path through the space differs from one program to the next. Focusing on two buildings that sit perpendicular from each other will allow for analysis on both ends of the spectrum when it comes to how the light and ventilation move throughout the room. The final factor is the amount of privacy needed for the program. If a higher privacy is required, this will affect the amount of windows along the elevation. After these three factors were established the two program spaces chosen were the administration and non-emergency. The administration sits along the public courtyard and runs along the East-West axis of the site, while the non-emergency sits perpendicular to it and becomes one of the front entrances to the campus. A more critical analysis for the non-emergency space window layout, due to the needed privacy in the exam rooms, causes this to be a key program to study in terms of lighting, while the administration sits so only the prevailing winds it the two short ends of the building, and a strategy must be implemented to allow for thermal comfort within the offices. The key to digesting this information has been to synthesize this research and determine appropriate diagramming strategies to deliver the information and display the design elements within a singular project. The information must be presented in a manor that can be easily understood by anyone so the numbers must be converted into diagrams that prove to the client and investors that each design change was beneficial to cutting down the energy consumption and thus cost to keep the campus running.

3.1

design strategies

3.2

DESIGN OBJECTIVES

d esign o b j ecti v es

The design objectives of the project looked to address the clientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s needs while to keeping in mind the emphasis to achieve a high performance building with the use of passive strategies. This means that the need for natural ventilation was a primary factor to insure the reduction of disease incubating spaces. This passive strategy also looked to help insure thermal comfort. The project looks to also incorporate day lighting strategies to eliminate the use of artificial lighting. Due to the wide range of programming on site, the campus is divided into three different phases that would be constructed as the funds came in. When left off last semester the phases moved from East to West and would have caused difficulty in terms of construction and circulation as each new phase was built. With this in mind, the phasing now moves from south to north up the elevation change of the site so that construction can always sit hidden behind the earlier phases, and no views are blocked to the views to the south. This phase change affected the entire layout of the program and was one of the first modifications focused on during this semester. Having the connection with the client allowed this process to move smoothly as constant e-mail were exchanged to get his opinion on each layout choice before moving on to the next. In general, the campus looks to address the high heat and manage rainwater appropriately. The exterior gardens are intended to be organizing spaces which respond to the program placed on its perimeter. The building style looks to implement low-tech sustainable systems while acknowledging the local vernacular and creating a faĂ§ade rhythm with exposed structure.

4.1

hospital connection

4.2

S I T E A N A LY S I S

fin d ings

site location

Blantyre Malawi in the context of Africa

5.1

s i t e a n a ly s i s

BLANTYRE

LIMBE

LIMBE MEDICAL FA C I L I T Y site location in comparison to Blantyre

5.2

fin d ings

site location

surrounding context of site

5.3

s i t e a n a ly s i s

site commercial taxi rink residential

RO AD U UZ ND DU main site access

5.4

e n v i r o n m e n ta l aspects

F in d ing S

solar conditions

Solar Conditions: Due to the proximity to the equator, Limbe experiences an unique solar condition. During the cooler, wet months, the Sun remains mostly in the Northern sky. However, in the hotter, drier months, the sun will rise and fall in the Southern sky.

10:00 AM

Like the prevailing winds and precipitation swings, the Sun has a polar difference to the site at different times of the year. As designers, it is necessary to identify this shift from a lower hanging cool season sun and the directly overhead, warm season sun.

105째

June 21st This will mean taking extra care in shading overhead spaces while providing overhangs solar path section diagram5 and natural light openings to acknowledge the Northern sun. The shift in the sun location will provide the challenge of protecting the fcility from Southern sun during the warm months and still receiving the reflected southern light during the cool months.

6.1

e n v i r o n m e n ta l a s p e c t s

E 76째 W Limbe

December 21st

5. Revit 2015 Energy Analysis - Chileka Weather Station

sun angles determine the depth of the exterior circulation across the site

6.2

sol u tion

solar conditions

JUNE 21

MARCH 21

NOVEMBER 21

axonometric solar paths: administration

6.3

e n v i r o n m e n ta l a s p e c t s

JUNE 21 MARCH 21 NOVEMBER 21

axonometric solar paths: non-emergency

6.4

FINDINGS

wind analysis N

Wind Analysis: The need for passive cooling is apparent while examining temperature and humidity trends and focusing on creating comfort. The annual wind distribution shows a solid split between Northeast and Southwest winds. In order to utilize cool air movement through a space and insure passive cooling, in the warm months, designers will want to accept the Northeastern wind and allow air movement towards the Southeast. However, in the cooler months, designers will look to block chilled air from causing drafts, that means limiting air from the Southwest during May, June, July and August.

12%

10% NW

NE 8%

4% 2%

wind speed (km/h) 34+ annual wind speed distribution6

26-30 21-26 13-21

6.5

e n v i r o n m e n ta l a s p e c t s

0-13 6. Revit 2015 Energy Analysis

N 40KM/H

32 NW

NE 24

4 10 W

2 3

Month 1.january 2.february 3.march

4.april

5.may

6.june 7.july

8.august

9.september 10.october

)

11.november S

12.december

monthly wind frequency (prevailing winds): administration

6.6

FINDINGS

wind analysis and temperature N

Lim Co te de th th ex ye th th

40KM/H

32 NW

NE 24

4 10 9

1 2 3

Month 1.january 2.february 3.march

4.april

5.may

6.june 7.july

8.august

9.september 10.october 11.november

monthly wind frequency (prevailing winds): non-emergency

6.7

e n v i r o n m e n ta l a s p e c t s

12.december

A co w te oc

A m Ja

mbe Climate: ompared to North America, Malawi has a very emperate climate. Malawi’s atmospheric conditions efine it within a Tropic Continental climate. This means hat it is relatively dry and strongly seasonal. As seen by he temperature charts (right) the need for heating only xists for short time spans over about a quarter of the ear. While these passive heating needs will be minimal, he necessity for cooling exists nearly year round due to he naturally hot climate of Limbe.

cool, dry winter season can be seen within the ompiled data (right). Though the temperatures drop, the winter varies mainly from 48°F to 68°F with occasional emperatures falling to 40°F. In isolated areas, frost may ccur in June and July.

hot, dry season lasts from September to October but moves towards a hot, wet summer ending between anuary and March.

53 58 58 60 60

68 70 73 77 77 77

january february

wet season

march april may

dry season

june

48 68

77 80 july august

september

dry season

october

november december

wet season

monthly temperature averages 1950-20007

7. Revit 2015 Energy Analysis

6.8

PROGRAM STUDY

Solution

client desires medical clinic

dental/ vision

maternity ward

cafe/ conference

education

laboratory

housing

administration

phasing 1

program requirements

7.1

program study

phasing 2

phasing 3

Key Manipulations: _softer edge at front corner of site _change program phasing to make a more cohesive campus after each phase _One main entrance or one entrance per phase _Maternity moved to back of site for a quieter space _Dr. Office moved to right front of campus _Dr. Office, Reception, and Administration on the same side of courtyard _Laboratory and Dental across from the Administration _Conference Center and Cafe at the end of the courtyard clients program requirements

7.2

Solution

client desires

building form manipulations

7.3

program study

main entry approach to clinic

7.4

Solution

client desires

front entrance

7.5

program study

Key Manipulations:

PHASE TRANSITION

phasing 1

phasing 3

phasing 2

_softer edge at front corner of site _change program phasing to make a more cohesive campus after each phase _One main entrance or one entrance per phase _Maternity moved to back of site for a quieter space _Dr. Office moved to right front of campus _Dr. Office, Reception, and Administration on the same side of courtyard _Laboratory and Dental across from the Administration _Conference Center and Cafe at the end of the courtyard

clients program requirements

7.6

Solution

client desires

phase one

7.7

program study

phase two

7.8

Solution

client desires

phase three

7.9

program study

Key Manipulations:

clients program requirements

7.10

solution

client desires Key Manipulations:

_softer edge at front corner of site _change program phasing to make a mor cohesive campus after each phase _One main entrance o one entrance per phas _Maternity moved to back of site for a quiete space _Dr. Office moved to right front of campus _Dr. Office, Reception, and Administration on the same side of courtyard _Laboratory and Dental across from the Administration _Conference Center and Cafe at the end of the courtyard clients program requirements

7.11

program study

Key Manipulations:

re r

or se

maternity

clients program requirements

7.12

solution

client desires

Key Manipulations:

reception

administration

doctorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s office

clients program requirements

7.13

program study

Key Manipulations: dental and vision

administration laboratory

clients program requirements

7.14

solution

client desires

Key Manipulations:

cafe conference center

clients program requirements

7.15

program study

dental and vision

reception housing

administration non-emergency

laboratory

r conference center cafe education

maternity

program layout on site

7.16

p r o c e s s D OC U M E N T A T I O N

solution

methodology

Casual: 50-100 lux Ordinary: 200-300 lux Moderate: 500-750 lux Difficult: 1000-2000 lux

f 1 2 3 lux requirements for each interior program

8.1

p r o c e s s d o c u m e n tat i o n

administration

non-emergency con ference ce n ter

cafe no n - e m erge n c y

factors: 1. orientation 2. public vs. private 3. program needs methodology for program focus

8.2

solution

Sefaira interior day lighting analysis

NOVEMBER 21 @ 8 A.M.

MARCH 21 @ 8 A.M.

JUNE 21 @ 8 A.M.

NOVEMBER 21 @ 8 A.M.

MARCH 21 @ 8 A.M.

JUNE 21 @ 8 A.M.

NOVEMBER 21 @ 12 P.M.

MARCH 21 @ 12 P.M.

JUNE 21 @ 12 P.M.

NOVEMBER 21 @ 12 P.M.

MARCH 21 @ 12 P.M.

JUNE 21 @ 12 P.M.

NOVEMBER 21 @ 4 P.M.

MARCH 21 @ 4 P.M.

JUNE 21 @ 4 P.M.

NOVEMBER 21 @ 4 P.M.

MARCH 21 @ 4 P.M.

JUNE 21 @ 4 P.M.

0 lux TARGET AREA

200 lux 400 lux 600 lux

pre- and post- lighting studies for administration space

800 lux 1000 lux

8.3

p r o c e s s d o c u m e n tat i o n

percentage of year that space reaches 300 lux: 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% annual lux analysis

8.4

solution

Sefaira interior day lighting analysis

NOVEMBER 21 @ 8 A.M.

MARCH 21 @ 8 A.M.

JUNE 21 @ 8 A.M.

NOVEMBER 21 @ 12 P.M.

MARCH 21 @ 12 P.M.

JUNE 21 @ 12 P.M.

NOVEMBER 21 @ 4 P.M.

MARCH 21 @ 4 P.M.

JUNE 21 @ 4 P.M.

0 lux pre- and post- lighting studies for administration space

TARGET AREA

200 lux 400 lux 600 lux

8.5

p r o c e s s d o c u m e n tat i o n

800 lux 1000 lux

percentage of year that space reaches 500 lux: 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% annual lux analysis

8.6

F I N A L D O C U M E N TAT I O N

solution 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3

. . . . . . . . . 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2

CAMPUS RECEPTION CASHIER REST ROOM DRESSING/INJECTION ROOM RECEPTION VISION ROOM D E N TA L E X A M R O O M STORAGE DOCTORS OFFICE . L A B O R AT O RY . H E A LT H S E RV I C E S M A N A G E M E N T . PHARMACY . CONFERENCE ROOM . LOUNGE/ KITCHEN/ OFFICE . DRESSING/ INJECTION ROOM . O B S E R VAT O R Y R O O M . V I TA L S I G N S R O O M . SOILED LINENS . EXAM ROOM 32. . N E O N ATA L W I N G . M AT E R N I T Y D E L I V E RY R O O M 32. 32. 31. . M AT E R N I T Y R E C E P T I O N . C O N S U LTAT I O N R O O M 32. 31. . M U LT I - P U R P O S E R O O M 32. . CAFE/LOUNGE 32. 31. . KITCHEN 31. . E X T E R I O R D I N I N G S PA C E . . . . .

CONFERENCE CENTER E X T E R I O R S TA G E T E R R A C E D S E AT I N G KITCHEN BEDROOM

32.

8. 9.

32.

6. 6.

4. 2.

5. 3. 3.

10. 10. 10.

31.

32.

14.

10. 31. 32.

13.

31.

32.

30.

16. 16.

11.

29. 28.

3. 3.

27. 26.

25.

17.

24.

23. 23. 23. 3. 3.

18. 19.

20.

22. 16. 21. 21.

site plan

8.1

15.

12.

f i n a l d o c u m e n tat i o n

program layout

8.2

solution

patients fa m i l y/ v is i tors d o c tors circulation

8.3

f i n a l d o c u m e n tat i o n

exterior public spaces

8.4

solution renderings

maternity private space

8.5

f i n a l d o c u m e n tat i o n

dental/ vision private space

8.6

solution structure

DOUBLE TEE LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE

WOOD LOUVERS

LOCALLY SOURCED LAVA ROCK

SOIL STABILIZED BRICK W/ STUCCO

structural breakdown

8.7

f i n a l d o c u m e n tat i o n

At the main ends or entrances of each program the wall material is slightly different to draw the client through the campus. This material change allows for 3 width blocks and eliminated the vertical elements along the facade

structural layout based on program

8.8

solution

administration updated design

north west elevation

8.9

f i n a l d o c u m e n tat i o n

LOUNGE

DOCTORS OFFICE PHARMACY

CONFERENCE ROOM

KITCHEN

floor plan

8.10

solution

non-emergency updated design

west elevation

8.11

f i n a l d o c u m e n tat i o n

VITALS AND DRESSING ROOM

EXAM ROOMS OBSERVATION ROOM

LINENS

STORAGE REST ROOMS

floor plan

8.12

solution details

GUM FIXE POL REL STO CO MAX RET

MED

DRA

courtyard section

8.9

f i n a l d o c u m e n tat i o n

FINISH STUCCO LAYER GUM WOOD BASEBOARD SSBRICK LAFARGE MOISTURE BARRIER ROUGH STUCCO FINISH FLASHING ANCHOR BOLT VCT TILE WITH SIKA LAMINATE

M WOOD COLUMN ED STEEL CONNECTION LISHED CONCRETE LIEF/ DRAINAGE CUT ONE SILL TOP ONCRETE RETAINING XI SSBRICK FINISH TAINING TIE BACK

CONCRETE FLOAT SLAB

DIUM COARSE AGGREGATE

AINAGE PIPE

footer detail

8.10

solution details

administration cross ventilation

8.11

f i n a l d o c u m e n tat i o n

CORRUGATED METAL ROOFING MOISTURE BARRIER ALUMINUM FLASHING FASCIA BOARD DOUBLE TEE LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE VERTICAL LOUVER FRAME WOOD LOUVER LOUVER SUPPORT BRACKET ALUMINUM WALL CAP FINISH STUCCO LAYER FURRING STRIPS SSB MOISTURE BARRIER ROUGH STUCCO LAYER

louver detail

8.12

Solution renderings

non-emergency

8.13

f i n a l d o c u m e n tat i o n

maternity ward

8.14

Solution details

cafe

8.15

f i n a l d o c u m e n tat i o n

cafe/ conference

8.16

solution renderings

administration

8.17

f i n a l d o c u m e n tat i o n

campus reception

8.18

solution renderings

entry sequence

8.19

f i n a l d o c u m e n tat i o n

8.20

CRITIQUE

r e s p o ns e

review on project

Reflecting upon the project, it is apparent that the goal for the semester truly came to be a two-fold focus on both a second pass of the master plan based more focused on the clientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s needs, and the energy performance of the interior spaces. Due to the constant iterations of the master plan and phasing strategy, and waiting for a response from the client, attention became slightly diverted from the amount of work on the energy performance of the campus. This attention shift resulted in only achieving two full understood program spaces instead of reaching all of the program spaces in the first phase. The goal of continuing a project from last semester was to be able to get to the details and performance of the building faster. Unfortunately this was set back because of the need for a successful and approved site layout for the client because the form and positioning of each building was key to understanding an accurate analysis of each space. The method of using Sefaira was very effective in gaining quick analysis on several iterations, but since the program was through SketchUp, all changes had to then be completed again in Revit for the final drawings and renderings. The final result was a very successful presentation of each program space and the layers of information that were tested to achieve the final design. However due to the extensive amount of iterations needed only two program spaces were able to be fully developed. While the other program spaces did not get analyzed, the information gained from the analysis of the administration and non-emergency buildings created a foundation for the design of the other building elevations and floor plans. Following the response of the program arrangement from the client, attention shifted towards the environmental aspects of the site. The nearly constant heat, high sun altitude became mainstays in the thought process that drove the interior design. Building orientation and window placement and sizing looked to provide cross ventilation and natural day lighting through the spaces. Roof overhangs answered the high altitude sun by providing plenty of shaded space for circulation and helping to reduce the amount of direct solar gain.

9.1

critique

Looking to the programming, it is apparent that the new phasing relationships can be built more successfully independent of one another. Once the first phase is built the construction material can be tucked up the hill and stored till funds accumulate for the next phase. In addition views are not blocked to the south by the machines or materials, and the campus feels like a whole even during the first phase. The clinic has a strong relationships to the entry sequence while the maternity shifts to the back portion of phase one to create a more private and nurturing space. The administration and education create the northern end of the first phase and the one side of the public courtyard. The secondary implementation of the labs and the dental/vision programming form the other side of the public courtyard and create the second flanking courtyard. The kitchen and cafĂŠ create the destination point at the end of the public courtyard. Finally the housing is incorporated in the third phase and completes the northern edge of the campus and sites above the terraced water filtration gardens. The combination of several smaller and rectangular buildings housed below a larger roof that encompassed several buildings under one, created multiple secluded exterior spaces for patients and families to relax at while at the campus. The semester allowed for a very real world design situation. Starting with the constant communication with the client to make a functional and user friendly design that the client approved allowed for a glimpse of what it would be like on an actual project. The design must not only make sense to the architect but also to the person or people that will be using it daily and also conforming it to the surrounding culture and context. In addition the extensive amount of iterations achieved with the two program spaces highlighted provided an understanding of thermal comfort within a space and the needed attention to faĂ§ade layouts. It is not possible to do one iteration for day lighting analysis that will successfully work for cross ventilation purposes. It is a constant bouncing back and forth between each environmental aspect that affects the building, to achieve the ultimate design and layout of the space. This understanding slowed down the process of moving from one program analysis to the next, but allowed for strong design decisions within the program spaces highlighted.

9.2

r e s p o ns e

review on project

As mentioned prior, though the other program spaces did not get developed and fine-tuned, the project remained true to its original intent. The program was redesigned with the clientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s needs and construction ease in mind, in order to make sure the building actually functioned well. The locally sourced stone, wood, and soil stabilized block in combination with the addition of concrete double tee structural elements, all attributed the campus style back to the local vernacular, while maintaining a westernized profile, resulting in integrated building form. Sustainable goals were achieved in the administration and non-emergency program spaces and can be easily transferred throughout the rest of the site. The project as a whole was responsive to the client and climatic issues of the Malawian culture. The final project did a good job of rationalizing the programmatic changes as well as expressing the elevation decisions based on the in depth analysis of each program space. The goal was not only to create a building focused on the clients desireâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s for functionality, but also create a high performing medical facility achieved through the use of passive strategies.

9.3

critique

Comprehensive animation for the project available at: Limbe Facility: Designed to Build - http://youtu.be/HGxj3lzDxls

9.4

works cited

“Malawi People and Culture.” Web. 12 May 2015. http://galleryhip.com/malawi-people-and-culture.html. “Malawi: The Warm Heart of Africa.” The Friendly Gecko. May 2014. Web. 21 May 2015. http://www.friendlygecko. com/ guesthouse/malawi/malawi.html. “Malawi.” World Renew. 2015. Web. 12 May 2015. http://worldrenew.net/malawi. Revit 2015 Energy Analysis - Chileka Weather Station. “The Butaro Disrict Hospital.” Mass Design Group. 2015. Web. 12 May 2015. http://www.massdesigngroup.org/ portfolio/ butarohospital/.

10.1

works cited

10.2

Lim

mbe Facility: EXAMINING PERFORMANCE

Heather Martin - D10 B.ARCH Spring â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;15 - Philadelphia University - Professor Chris Harnish