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The Hermes Herald The Trip To A Foreign Land
Ben English One routine ship’s departure changed our nation forever. A few decades ago, a ship set sail to the Mediterranean with tools and pottery ready for trade.
Darius Dies By Christian Quiñones In 486 BC, Darius I died and passed down the responsibility and power of the Persian Empire to his son, Xerxes. In 480 BC, Xerxes led the Persian army to the Battle of Thermopylae, with one of the largest ancient armies ever assembled. After becoming aware of the Persian defeat at the Battle of Marathon, Darius I began planning another invasion against Athens. This time, Darius I would command the imperial armies. Darius I had spent three years preparing men and ships for war when a revolt broke out in Egypt. See Darius Dies on pg. 2
Captain Nikon and his crew were headed towards Egypt when a massive storm hit. Based on Nikon’s stories he went through a very black sea and then hit land. He hiked the mountains in an effort to return home. For weeks on end, Nikon lived off the land and what the gracious locals gave him. One day he came across an interesting city with large plots of land with a huge palace in the middle. (see A Foreign Land on Pg #2)
Gallic Celts and Italians Dylan Richmond
Around 390 B.C. Germanic tribes started to migrate down into Gallic Celtic lands. This forced Gallic Celts, more specifically the Senones, to seek settlement further south into Italy. The Senones ended up settling next to the city of Clusium.
The Clusians felt threatened by the Senones and called to Rome for help. (Continued on Pg. 3#)
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Darius Dies, cont. from pg. 1 This revolt in Egypt worsened his failing health and prevented the possibility of his leading another army. Soon after, Darius I died. In October 486 BCE, the body of Darius I was embalmed and entombed in the rockcut sepulchre that had been prepared for him several years earlier.
World News Darius sends troops to Athens Christian QuiĂąones Darius I has sent an expedition, under Artaphernes and Datis the Mede, across the Aegean Sea to attack the Athenians and the Eretrians. Hippias, the aged extyrant of Athens, is on one of the Persian ships in the hope of being restored to power in Athens. After the revolt in Ionia, Darius I has wanted to punish the Athenians for helping the Ionians. In 498 BC, supported by troops from Athens and Eretria, the Ionians marched on, captured, and burnt Sardis. See Darius send troops on pg. 3.
A Foreign Land cont. from pg. 1 Nikon decided to stay for a couple of years to study this new society. They called their territory The Zhou Empire.. He looked for similarities and differences between that culture and his own at home. During his stay he learned a little bit of their language and culture. The Zhou philosophers really caught his attention. Their thoughts on the world and how people reacted to those thoughts were mind opening to him. When he finally wanted to return home, the Zhou people gave him a gift basket, a ship, and a route home. Nikon said that the return home was very long, but he saw many new lands and met many new people along the way. He recently returned to the harbor, and all the information in this article and the ones that follow came from an interview with him the day after his return.
The Ups and Downs Of Dynastic Rule Ben English. The Pros of Dynastic Rule If you are the king, you have power until you pass it on or until the day you die. So, if a great ruler comes along, he is in authority for as long as he lives. It is impossible to vote against him or try to overthrow him. If the king has a son, he will succeed him and hopefully have the same virtues as his father. Dynasties also create tradition. The same process happens over and over again, so nobody is surprised by what is happening.
The Persian War has Ended Tess Gregory Just recently the Persian War has come to an end. After three battles our Greek soldiers have pulled out a victory. The first battle was the Battle of Marathon which took place in 490 BC. During this battle our soldiers were severely outnumbered by the Persians and the hope of us coming out on top was very small. As the battle continued to go on the Greeks won because of their use of the phalanx. The hoplite soldier Pheidippides ran 26 miles from the Marathon Plain to Athens to tell the people of the great victory. See Persian War on pg. 5.
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World News
Death of Leonidas Tess Gregory
Gallic Celts and Italians Cont. The Romans in response sent ambassadors to settle the issue. When the delegations went sideways, the Clusians sent a force to remove the Senones from their land. The Roman ambassadors fought against the Senones also, resulting in the death of a Senone Chieftain. This resulted in a break in the “law of nations” (rules that ambassadors must follow). The Senones backed off and thought about the issue. They sent ambassadors to Rome to demand that the ambassadors that fought against them be given to them and justice be served. Some Romans thought to hand the ambassadors over was the right thing to do, but the majority of the people mocked the Senones, thus leading to the Battle of Allia. This battle was fought between the Senones, with a force of twelve thousand men, and the Romans, with a force of twenty-four thousand men. The result was a disaster for the Romans. Gallic Celts were thought of as “savages” and “Gauls” to the Romans. Although, the Celts did live in a much more primitive way, compared to Rome’s civilized society, they still had roads and villages and were actually more militaristically advanced. While the Romans were still using bronze, the Celts were already masters of Iron. The Celtic warriors were much more aggressive in hand to hand combat
and fought with passion and courage.
Athens and Sparta have joined a Hellenistic League against Persia.
Darius send troops, cont. from pg. 2 However, on their return journey back to Ionia, they were followed by Persian troops, and decisively beaten at the Battle of Ephesus. Darius has organized the empire by dividing it into provinces and placing satraps to govern. He has organized a new monetary system, along with making Aramaic the official language of the empire.
Persian
Leonidas was a Spartan king who led the Greek army at the Battle of Thermopylae. At the time he had just become the new king of Sparta, and he knew of the consequences of going into battle because the Greeks were greatly outnumbered. No one was able to stop him because he controlled all military decisions. Leonidas was a courageous leader who willingly led 300 Spartan soldiers into battle with the knowledge that he would die.
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Philosophers: Modern Day Thinkers Ben English Philosophers have the ability to change the way we see daily life. They share new ideas about life and how people should live it. There have been many famous philosophers throughout the ages, but few have been more influential than Laozi and Confucius, who lived during the Warring States Period in the Zhou Dynasty. The Warring States Period was a time of mass corruption in the Zhou civilization. People were going hungry, and nobody had faith in the government. Captain Nikon interviewed a Chinese citizen, and the person (unnamed) had this to say: “This place is awful. Everybody is fighting against
Leonidas
World News each other even though we are one empire.. It makes me want to write a song called, “ Why can’t we be friends.” Most people have lost all faith in the government and are treating society like it is every man for himself. If this keeps up, I do not think there will be a Zhou Kingdom anymore. We will have a lot of smaller territories that will fight against each other for land and power.
Socrates - the great Athenian philosopher
The government is not and will not be fair. One king rules all and nobody else has much power. We need change. That is why I am helping spread the words of Confucius. He has great ideas on how the government should be run, and how to make a society thrive.” ********** While philosophers in Greece are busy changing the way we look at daily events, Chinese philosophers like Laozi and Confucius have been working for many years. Laozi has many famous writings, including the book The Way. Laozi’s ideas have changed the Zhou people. His set of beliefs is called Daoism.
Jesse Lauze
The basic principle of Daoism is that people are only a small part of nature, so why should we try to change it? His thoughts were so influential that many people left society to live in solitude with nature as hermits. There was a period of time where many works of art reflected Daoism and the basic idea that nature is a lot bigger than us humans.
Confucius, one of the Chinese Philosophers
One of the most memorable warriors of all time was Leonidas. He was a Greek warrior king. He ruled the city state of Sparta. He wasn't the leader of the first Persian War, but he lead the Spartan troops for in the Second Persian War. He was born in 540 BC, and died in 480 BC at the Battle of Thermopylae. He was born into Agiad Dynasty Leonida’s parents both died at a young age, so he had to start fending for himself. By doing this he became a great warrior. Not only that, he eventually became the king of Sparta. Not only was he the king, but he also led the Spartans army. (Cont. on pg 5)
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World News
In the Battle of Thermopylae, the Spartan troops were outnumbered. They put up a fight but sadly Leonidas was killed. In honor of this warrior king, Herodotus is writing the history of his life all the way from his birth to becoming the king and even dying in the battle.. In the center of Sparta, artists are casting a life size statue resembling his last day as king. It is a great honor.
Herostratus Burns down the Temple of Artemis Dylan Richmond The Temple of Artemis stood 110 meters tall by 55 meters wide. Although it was magnificent in size, it was also very famous for the amazing and creative artwork painted on it. The temple was built at Ephesus by the king of Lydia, Croesus. All of these great things were destroyed by a madman named Herostratus in 356 BC. (Continued Pg. 6)
The Magnificent Runner Tess Gregory Pheidippides was an Athenian runner who ran all the way from the Marathon Plain to Athens to announce the victory of the battle. However, tragedy struck because he died right after he gave the news. Our people admire him for the courage he had to run that far with no water and without stopping. He was remarkable person who will be missed.
Persian War has Ended, cont. from pg. 2 Themistocles, one of our brave leaders helped Athens prepare for the second phase of the Persian War. Our Greek vision of attack was to surround the Persians on 3 sides which made the Persians have to retreat which in return helped us win the war. At the Battle of Thermopylae, Xerxes led the Persian army. King Leonidas lead the Greek army into battle, knowing that he would not come back alive. However, it was his decision to go into battle knowing what would be the outcome. Xerxes led the Persian army because he wanted revenge after losing the Battle of Marathon. The outcome of this battle ended with the Persians winning and Xerxes succeeding in his mission. The battle was completely on the Persians side since they had 300,000 to 2 million soldiers while the Greeks only had 300 soldiers. For 5 years before the battle, Xerxes worked on planning the invasion with the goal of burning Athens to the ground. Though our Greek soldiers lost this battle, it allowed other Greek forces to organize and prepare for another battle - the Battle of Salamis.
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Herostratus burns down the Temple of Artemis Cont. Herostratus said he did it to make a name for himself and after being executed, officials destroyed all records of him. The Temple was rebuilt and now it is even more magnificent as before.
Athens and Sparta have joined a hellenistic league against Persia. The Delian League was formed in 478 BC. It was an association of Greek city-states with members numbering between 150 to 173. (Continued Pg 7)
World News Sparta gets help from the Persians Dylan Richmond The Peloponnesian War was fought between the Delian League and the Peloponnesian League. Athens had been leading the Delian League, which was formed after the last Persian War. Athens soon used the league and its money to build her city and empire and made many other city-states in the league angry. In order to counter the Delian League and its growing power, Sparta formed the Peloponnesian League. The Peloponnesian League was basically formed for everyone who despised the Athenians. As a result of the two leagues, a war began. After years of Athenian domination, nearly all of the city-states, especially Sparta, were sick of it. (Continued Pg. 7)
Battle of Leuctra Dylan Richmond After the Peloponnesian War ended, another war between the city-states soon began. Thebes had refused to sign a peace treaty in 371 and in result the Spartans marched towards Thebes. Eventually the Theban and Spartan armies met next to the town of Leuctra. The Thebans were considerably outnumbered, with only 6,000 to 9,000 soldiers. Sparta had about 10,000 infantry and 1,000 cavalry, made up Spartans along with Peloponnesian allies. A typical Spartan phalanx was 8 to 12 men deep, this number was considered the best balance in between depth and width on the battlefield. In a traditional battle, the phalanx had inexperienced and weak soldiers on the left and veterans along with commanders on the right. The Thebans knew of this and instead of doing the same for their phalanx, they stacked the left side of their formation with around 50 men in depth. The Theban left charged into the far outnumbered Spartan right and soon killed 1,000 men along with the Spartan King, Cleombrotus I. (Continued Pg. 7)
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Battle of Chaeronea Dylan Richmond The Macedonians with a force of 30,000 infantry and 2,000 cavalry, met the allied Greeks who had a force of 35,000 infantry. King Philip of Macedonia, along with 18 year old Alexander fought against the Greeks at the Battle of Chaeronea. Supposedly, Philip made a false retreat, making the inexperienced Greeks break formation and take advantage of the retreat. This opened a hole in the formation and Alexander charged through it with his cavalry causing havoc. It is said that the Sacred Band of soldiers from Thebes fought to the very last man.
World News Sparta gets help from the Persians Cont. The main contributors to the war were Sparta and Athens. Athens with its magnificent fleet could not use it due to Sparta being inland. But Sparta, with its powerful army marched to Athens and laid siege. Pericles, the leader of Athens, had all Athenians enter the city, but due to this overcrowded situation, a sickness soon started. The sickness weakened the Athenians and killed Pericles. Eventually the Spartans, with the help of the Persian army defeated the Athenians. Despite calls from their allies, the Spartans did not burn Athens to the ground.
Battle of Leuctra Cont. This was the deciding maneuver in the battle and the Thebans had soon won. The Spartans used to known as being unbeatable and was ancient Greece’s superpower, but after the Battle of Leuctra, they lost a lot of respect. The Thebans gained supremacy in Greece for a little while, but were interrupted by the invading Macedonians.
Persian War has Ended, cont. from pg. 5. They were under the leadership of Athens, whose purpose was to continue fighting the Persian Empire. After the Greek victory in the Battle of Plataea, the Second Persian invasion of Greece was over.
300-500 B.C.
Parthenon Grand Opening by Jack Morton
Upon the acropolis there shall rise a new temple to Athena, patron god of our native Athens. This grand temple is the idea of our glorious leader, Pericles. It is a spectacular monument to the eternal wisdom and grace of See Parthenon pg. 9 Athena. The Parthenon on display at the Grand Opening
Death of Ageispolis I Could Lead to Chaotic War with Athens by Olivia Ellis The Spartan King, Agesipolis I, has just died of a fever he was struck with only seven days ago. He has died in the town of Aphytis, just days after succeeding in overthrowing Toroni. Reports say they are immersing his body in honey and bringing him back to Sparta. See Ageispolis I, pg. 2
Execution of Pivotal Philosopher by Junjie Zheng Socrates was put on trial and executed in 399 B.C. He was put on trial because people thought that he was corrupting the youth and failing to respect the gods. Those reasons were the result of him questioning the way of peoples’ lives. He used the Socratic Method to ask people in the street about their beliefs and make people question them. See Socrates pg. 3
Palace of Knossos By Jack Morton The Palace of Knossos, discovered three weeks ago on the island of Crete, is now available to for rent as a vacation destination. Built by the ancient Minoan civilization, there are over 1,300 rooms available, decorated with beautiful hand painted frescoes depicting Minoan life. See Knossos pg. 7
300-500 B.C.
Ageispolis I, cont. from pg.1 The honey serves as a preservative for the corpse. Many cultures actually do this, such as the Egyptian Civilization. So, when he is buried, he’ll be fresh. Agesipolis I was king for 14 years, and the Spartans will surely miss his triumphant rule. With his death, this means only one king is left controlling Sparta until further notice. Agesilaus II, the small statured king, will be continuing his conquest of Asia Minor states regardless of Ageispolis’ death. The five ephors will oversee everything King Agesilaus II does until instatement of Agesipolis’ brother. His brother, Cleombrotus I, will be taking over leadership in Sparta, ruling beside Agesilaus II. This will cause tension between the Athenian and Spartan rivalry. Sparta has become weakened and vulnerable by this tragedy, and Athens may take advantage of this. If Athens were to attack Sparta while they are changing leadership, a war could break out or Sparta could fall. Athens is ruled differently than Sparta. Although Sparta could retaliate if anything were to happen, Athens would have to consult the people first. Athenian rule is democracy, which means the people vote for laws and the government takes action, otherwise the government could do what they did with the Ionian Revolt: attack. Athenian democracy only started about 50 years ago. It was started by a statesman Solon and soon proposed to the government officials by Pericles. Pericles has kept it strong to this day, although it has made many of their decisions slower and more calculated. This may be a good thing,
Death of Ageispolis I Could Lead to Chaotic War with Athens
but it could also be the cause of destruction. The Spartans are on high vigilance while they transfer their late king’ s body. Fifteen years ago, the Spartan army attacked and destroyed the confederacy that Athens, Corinth, Thebes, and Argos created. Because of this, the tensions have been simmering beneath the surface, even though Thebes helped Sparta conquer the Mantinea only five years ago. The city-state of Mantineia is one of the provinces of the Arcadia Prefecture, with Poseidon as their patron god. Yet in 382 B. C.E, Spartan troops seized the citadel at Thebes. These city-states know they aren’t strong enough, but this weakened government gives them a small advantage. Athens is still irritated by Sparta for creating the Chalkidian League which allowed Olynthus, and other smaller cities, to break away from Athens. Athens has become arrogant with their sociability and persuasion of allies. They have many
city-states supporting them, but who’s to say they won’t leave right when this commotion begins. From the looks of the possible crisis, the anger and tension will be high and evident. If you and your family were planning a trip to the great city of Sparta, you may wanna hold off on that until after the funeral.
300-500 B.C.
Socrates, cont. from pg. 1 Socrates was a famous philosopher. His major idea is called the Socratic Method. The Socratic Method is a series of questions directed toward the people. For example, Socrates asked people on street about their beliefs. He used this method to help people seek the truth. One of Socrates' students is Plato. Socrates is also famous for his contributions in ethnic fields. Socrates was executed by being forced to drink hemlock. During the trial he had opportunity to escape because his followers were able to bribe the prison guard, but he didn’t. He believed that if he had escaped, it would show that he was afraid of death, which no true philosopher would be. He also believed that even if he had escaped this country and flew to another country, he would continue to do what he did before and face the same trial. Lastly, he thought that if he escaped prison because his friends told him to, they would become liable. In the trial Xenophon explained how Socrates would be glad to circumvent them and be sentenced to death. This means that Socrates wanted to die because he thought that this was his right time to die. Just before Socrates died, he spoke his last words to Crito: "Crito, we owe a rooster to Asclepius. Please, don't forget to pay the debt." Asclepius is the Greek god for illness, which means that death is the cure for freedom.
Execution of Pivotal Philosopher
Temples
By Junjie Zheng The Temple of Athena Nike is on the Acropolis of Athens and was built in 420 B.C.E. This temple is an ionic temple, and it is a tetrastyle ionic structure with a colonnaded portico at both the front and rear facades. This means that this temple has four ionic columns at the front and also at the back of the temple. The temple is 27 feet long, 18.5 feet wide, and 23 feet tall, and the ratio of height and the diameter of the columns is 7:1. This temple used white pentelic marble as its material, and it was built because the war lacked funding. This temple belongs to a winged victory goddess Nike. She is the daughter of the Titan Pallas and the goddess Styx, and the sister of Kratos, Bia, and Zelus. She is a goddess that represents luck and success on the sports field. The Temple of Zeus is in Olympia, and it was built around 460 B.C. The temple was built by Libon.
He carved metopes, triglyphs, and friezes (three friezes, two perfect and one divided). At the top there is a pediment filled with severe style sculptures which is the early classical Greek style of sculptures. The temple was built with local limestone, so it has poor quality and is unattractive. As a result, they coated the temple with a thin layer of stucco. The Temple of Zeus houses the Statue of Zeus, which is about 43 feet tall and made by sculptor Phidias at the sanctuary of Olympia. The Statue of Zeus was a chryselephantine sculpture, which means that the sculpture is made with ivory and gold panels on a wooden substructure.
300-500 B.C.
Education Change
By Olivia Ellis Education has recently been opened up to young women in many citystates all over Greece. This is a new revelation and very different from the past. Not only that, but in each city-state they have different ways of teaching their people. For example, education is very different in Sparta than it is in the other Greek city-states. In hundreds of other Greek city-states, the purpose of education is to produce good citizens. All the men are trained to be good soldiers. They are also trained in music, art, literature, and politics. In Sparta the purpose of education is to produce good soldiers. In Athens, for example, boys are taught at home until they are about six years old. Then the boys go to school, where they learn to science, math, reading, writing, and other literary skills. They even learn the poetry of Homer. They also learn to play a musical instrument(s), usually the flute or the lyre. They learn how to debate and how to give a persuasive speech for possible futures in government or high military placement. After high school, they attended military school. Boys do not graduate from all the schooling they are required to take until they are about 20 years old. Girls did not go to school, until recently. They can be taught at home by their mothers, but, if their mother can read and write, they teach their girls how to do the same, as well as teaching them how to cook and sew and run a household. Education in Sparta was completely different. The purpose of education in Sparta is to produce and maintain a powerful army. Sparta boys enter military school when they are about six years old. They learn how to read and write, but these skills are not considered very important except for
HAS EDUCATION CHANGED FOR BETTER OR WORSE?
messages. Military school is tough on purpose. The boys are often hungry. They are often beaten. They sleep away from home, in the barracks, with the men. If they cry, they are beaten, sometimes by their own parents. They are taught how to steal and lie and get away with it. These skills could save their lives someday. Nearly everything in the Spartan educational system is about war and battle. Spartan girls also learn to be warriors. Their school is not as brutal, but all girls in Sparta can wrestle, fist fight, and handle a weapon. They are taught how to kill, just like the men. The Spartans believe that strong women produce strong babies. Besides, the women might have to defend the city if the men are away at war, which is quite often. No great works of art come out of Sparta, not to say that there are no works of art. However, most of the other Greek citystates want Sparta as their ally. They may be rough, but Spartans have honor. The Spartans are great friends
to have in times of war. Most Athenian girls have a domestic education, meaning from a parent or male slave. The most highly educated women are the hetaerae, or courtesans, who attend special schools or academies where they learn to be interesting companions for the men. Education is changing and it looks like our country is welcoming this with open arms and opportunities.
300-500 B.C.
Obituaries Alexandros Philippou Makedonon Alexandros Philippou Makedonon, originally born in Pella, Greece, recently died in early June in 323 B.C.E. in Babylon, Iraq at the age of 32. Alexandros, better known as Alexander the Great, was the King of Macedonia. He died because of his drinking. While he was planning his next quest, he decided to drink with his peers. Then, later on that night, he complained that he did not feel well, so he went to bed. As the days went by, he kept feeling weaker and weaker. In his final day a few days after that, he passed away due to his alcohol consumption. When he was 20, he was already an experienced soldier. Alexander won his first victory against the Persians at the Granicus River, and then he began his massive campaign to expand his empire. Alexander’s energy to travel and conquer was out of this world. He strived to explore different parts of the world controlled by the strangest of people and deathly monsters. Alexander was a great conqueror.
Nikos Angelos: Nikos Angelos was born in Acanthus, Egypt. Nikos Angelos, 55, had two children, Laius Angelos and Alaya Angelos and a wife, Maia. They were all very sad to hear that Nikos recently died in a horse accident in Apamea, Turkey. Maia says, “He will be dearly missed with all of our hearts. We will be with him again someday.” The cause of his death was when he was riding his horse at high speeds down a trail he shouldn’t have been on, he then at high speeds hit a sharp corner and got wildly thrown off of
Alexandros Philippou Makedonon
Nikos Angelos
the horse. He then proceeded to hit his skull off of a nearby tree. Two civilians then proceeded to find him within two days of his death. The horse was found far from his owner and needed food. Also, the horse was quite skinny when he was found in a nearby town. The horse was not harmed otherwise.
Anthony Markos: Anthony Markos, born in Apollonia, Sicily, died today due to a murder. He was murdered early this morning at 7:50 in his home in Sicily. He was found dead in his bed by his wife when she came home later that day. Ria Markos, wife of Anthony then got their neighbors help as soon as she got home. A local hoplite soldier named Ander Anatoli walked into Anthony’s home when he was sleeping and jabbed him repeatedly with his spear until Anthony bled out. Anatoli is still unfound but is still around the city of Apollonia. If he is found, you will be
Anthony Markos
rewarded 100 Drachma. The nearby neighbors helped them get Anthony out of his home. Markos’ funeral will be tomorrow, Wednesday the 26th, in his hometown. His wife and daughter Ourania will be welcoming anyone who knew him.
cont. on page 6
300-500 B.C.
Continue from page 5 :
Herostratus: Herostratus’ birth date and date of death are unknown. He lived between 300-400 B.C. E.. Herostratus’ crime was that he burned the Temple of Artemis in the town of Ephesus just to get a name for himself. His death occurred due to his actions in burning down the temple. He was sentenced to death as soon as people found out that he had burnt the temple. The Temple of Artemis, before it was burned down, was considered one of the 7 Wonders of the World. The burning of this temple occurred on the same day that Alexander the Great was born. Andelia Broos: Andelia Broos was born in the town of Tegea in Arcadia, Greece. Her death was caused by the unfortunate act of food poisoning. She had eaten a potato that she had been growing in her garden, the potato was unluckily eaten, and also not ready to eat and wasn’t properly cared for. The potato was not fertilized and eaten too early in its growing process. She then ate it when it wasn’t clean. It was eaten in her home a few days ago at dinner time. “She had complained to me earlier in the week that she had felt sick,” said her husband Chronos Broos. “I then noticed that she had been getting weaker, pale, and skinny. Something was wrong. I came home from training and noticed that she was lying in bed. I went to check on her and she was…. Dead.” Her funeral will be held privately and in her hometown. Only family members and close friends will be attending.
Obituaries
Herostratus
Andelia Broos
Zoltar Jeno: Zoltar Jeno was a Greek native born in Athens, Greece. He was killed in the Battle of Marathon recently. Zoltar had told people that he wanted to serve and protect his people before he had passed. People say he is a hero of the century. People say he is a hero because he protected a commander named Miltiades. A spear was thrown by one of the Persian soldiers, and he jumped in front of it so Miltiades would not die in the war. He still had to lead a battle that should be going on for months on end. (Benjamin Feldman)
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Zoltar Jeno workers never besmirch. Our clothes may be expensive, but they are handcrafted by the most skilled village women. We have chitons, a simple tunic garment of lighter linen, that comes with a free kolpos or belt. We also now sell chlamys, a seamless rectangle of woolen material worn by men for military or hunting purposes, in a variety of sizes. Customization is available if you want a bright and colorful decorative border. Also, to spice up your outfit, try adding an accessory. For example, we have petasos, a broad-brimmed hat. Or try something less conspicuous and wear some jewelry. We have amazingly carved gold ornaments and fresh new make-up for those special occasions. (Olivia Ellis)
300-500 B.C.
Real-Estate SalesContinued from pg. 1 The rooms are already fully equipped with advanced plumbing technology exclusive to this palace. There are updated and renovated shrines, banquet halls, artisan rooms and more. If you need a break from everyday life, come stay at the beautiful, ancient Palace of Knossos. The Palace of Knossos covers over 6 acres and is complete with a theater. In parts, the Palace is up to five stories high. There is a beautifully crafted Minoan fresco in nearly every room.
The Palace of Knossos
Oracle of Delphi
Greek Temple of the Week by Jack Morton
The Future, as Told by the Oracle of Delphi
This week’s best rated temple is the Temple of Hephaestus in Athens. This temple to the god of metalworking and craftsmanship is built entirely of marble, save for the base step. The ends of the temple face east and west and have six columns each. The sides face north and south and have thirteen columns each. Inside the larger outer columns there is another colonnade with three columns on the ends, and five on the sides. The friezes are beautifully decorated. One such frieze is of the Battle of Theseus, while another frieze shows the battle between Centaurs and Lapiths. Two bronze statues are located in this temple, one of Athena and one of Hephaestus. They are believed to have been built by Alkamenes. This magnificent temple is located at the top of the Agoraios Kolonos Hill.
Cadmus: The Oracle said to Cadmus, “If you are a Cadmus, you're very fierce and competitive. You always have to strive to complete your job or whatever you have your mind set on. You always push until you complete your task at hand without giving up.” After Cadmus heard this from the Oracle, he became a professional athlete and competed in the annual Olympic Games. He was said to be one of the best athletes of his day. Diamon: The oracle said to Diamon, “If you are Diamon then you are very gentle and caring. You care about your family, friends, and your community around you. You always seek to make someone happy. When someone is down, you help them back up. You are a naturally happy person that also makes others around you happy.”
Diamon then became one of the most helpful and caring person in his community. He helped around in peoples’ gardens, he cleaned around town, and did all the public and happy acts you can imagine one doing. Karen: If you are Karen, you are a very straight forward and honest with everyone. You do not intend to make people mad, but with your honesty you may make them mad. You cannot control how honest you are with people. Since you are honest with everyone, people may take you as not a good person. Karen then became a salesperson and succeeded in her life because she was upfront and honest about peoples’ bids on buying land.
300-500 B.C.
Zeus
Zeus is the father of gods and men, and he ruled the Olympians of Mount Olympus. Zeus is also the god of sky, lightning, thunder, order, laws, and justice. He is the child of Cronus and Rhea, and he is youngest brother of Poseidon, Hades, Hera, Demeter and Hestia. Zeus’s father Cronus overthrew his father Uranus’ rule, and before Uranus died, he said that one day one of Cronus’ child would overthrow him. When Cronus and Rhea had kids, Cronus swallowed them. When Zeus was born, his mother Rhea didn’t want that to happen, so she used a stone to replace Zeus. After Zeus grew up, he opened his father’s body and released his siblings. They were all up against their father and the Titans. During the war Terra told Zeus to release cyclops and hekatonkheires. As a token of their appreciation, they gave Zeus the thunder and thunderbolt, they gave Poseidon tridents, and they gave Hades the helmet that can makes him invisible. Zeus and his brothers used those weapons and helped form Hekatonkheires to win the war. In the meantime Terra gave birth to a monster called Typhon, and it became a big threat to the world. Zeus put him into Mount Etha. After a long long time, Terra was very angry about Zeus because he gaoled her son, so she instigated the king of the Gigantes Alcyoneus to against Zeus. Heracles and all the gods helped Zeus and they won, and then they put Alcyoneus in hell. Zeus became the king of the gods and ruled the whole universe. He separated the whole world among his siblings. Zeus rules the heaven, Poseidon rules the ocean, and Hades rules the underworld. (Jun Jie Zheng)
Parthenon Grand Opening
continued from page 1
Come, gaze upon the golden statue of Athena, housed in a beautifully crafted temple. Constructed by Phidias, this wonderful gold and ivory statue of Athena Parthenos is one of a kind. Athena, standing upright, is adorned with a tunic that reaches all the way to her feet. Her helmet is decorated with a sphinx in the middle, and two griffins on the side. In her right hand she holds a statue of Nike, the goddess of victory. Her left rests upon a Greek shield. Carved upon her breast is the head of Medusa. Two serpents act as a belt for her peplos, and their tails intertwine in the back. This grand statue is made of multiple materials. The structure itself is made upon a wooden core. This wooden core is covered with shaped bronze plates and subsequently gold plates. However, the Athena Parthenos’ face and arms are made of ivory. This gold and ivory style is called chryselephantine. The Athena Parthenos is not the only spectacular feature. The temple itself is amazing as well. The Parthenon is of the peripteral octastyle architecture. It is primarily a doric temple, yet it contains several ionic features. There are columns all the way around the building, 17 on the sides. At either end there are two rows of columns; the outer row has eight columns, and the inner row has six columns.
The columns and resulting colonnade surround the inner temple. This is a masonry structure that is called the cella, and it is divided into two parts. Located in the cella is the aforementioned Athena Parthenos. The Parthenon is quite a large temple. With base dimensions of 69.5 m by 30.9 m it is huge. The cella is 29.8 m long by 19.2 m wide. Although much smaller than the base, the cella is still quite large, with an area of 572.2 sq. m. Throughout the temple, there are beautiful carvings, painted in bright colors. For example, along the exterior walls of the cella, there is an Ionic frieze. Carved upon this frieze is the annual panathenaic procession held in honor and celebration of Athena. The carvings show the procession starting at the Dipylon Gate in the Kerameikos, all the way to the acropolis. Carved upon the east pediment of the exterior of the Parthenon itself, is a depiction of Athena’s creation. This pediment illustrates how Athena was born from Zeus’s head in full armor. The west pediment displays the battle between Athena and Poseidon for patronship of Athens. The newest temple to Athena is spectacular and will forever change your worship of the goddess of wisdom and courage.
February 29, 467 B.C.
Odysseus: The Oracle says, “If you are Odysseus, then you are wrathful. You are not always angry, but you are very intimidating. The look on your face is intimidating, but his does not mean you're mad or dislike someone.” Odysseus then became a powerful leader in his field of war. He lead his army through thick and thin and won almost all he fought in. His armies were almost always more developed than other armies. (Benjamin Feldman)
The Temple of Athena Nike
The Temple of Zeus
Weather: We are currently in the cold season. Today’s weather is cold, and the outside temperature is 8℃. The sun rose at 6:30 this morning and the sunset will be at 6:20 pm. There will be heavy rain from 3 pm to 9 pm. There will be a big wind coming with the heavy rain this afternoon at approximately 19 mph. Tomorrow’s weather will be cloudy. The sun will rise at 6:50 am in the morning and sunset will be at 6:50 pm. The average temperature will be 6℃. This time of year is cloudier, and it will be partly cloudy tomorrow. Also, tomorrow will be a little foggy, the visibility will be 70% to 80%, so be careful going out. (Junjie Zheng)
Temples: The Temple of Athena Nike is on Acropolis of Athens and it was build on 420 B.C. This temple is an ionic temple, and it is tetrastyle ionic structure with a colonnaded portico at both front and rear facades. This means that this temple has four ionic columns at the front and also the back of the temple. The temple is 27 feet long, 18.5 feet wide and 23 feet tall, and the ratio of height and the diameter of the columns is 7:1. This temple used white pentelic marble as its material, and it was built because of the war’s lacking of fundings. This temple belongs to a winged victory goddess Nike. She is the daughter of the Titan Pallas and the goddess Styx, and the sister of Kratos, Bia, and Zelus. She is a goddess that represents luck and success in the sports field. The Temple of Zeus is in Olympia, and it was built around 460 B.C. The temple was built by Libon. He carved metope, triglyph friezes( three friezes, two perfect and one
divided), and at the top it has a pediment filled with severe style sculptures which is the early classical greek style sculptures. The temple was built by local limestone, so it has poor quality and it is also unattractive, so they coated with a thin layer of stucco. The Temple of Zeus housed the statue of Zeus which is about 43 feet and made by sculptor Phidias at the sanctuary of Olympia. The Zeus was a chryselephantine sculpture, which means that the sculpture is made with ivory and gold panels on a wooden substructure. By Junjie Zheng
Sports And Recreation No Women Here
Alert! Criminals at Past Olympics By Daniel Halloran This is a statement released by the Olympic board: By any means, may no woman who is married be in attendance. If you are married and are caught in attendance, a higher authority will throw you headfirst off Mount Typaion. This is opposite the stadium, so in other words a fatal punishment will be reinforced. This law wouldn’t be enforced if had not been for Kallipateira. She is the mother of two champions which is most likely why she was spared. She had gotten away with it until she celebrated hard after hearing about her children’s victories. This is also why you have to show up to the games naked. At the end of the day, you can thank Kallipateira for the draft you feel while you're cheering your favorite athlete on.
Milo The Wrestling Champion By Daniel Halloran The Olympics are back in town here at Olympia. This only comes every four years, and I can tell this one is going to be special. We have a very talented wrestling veteran out of Kroton, Greece, who is a five time champion looking for his sixth wreath: Milo, the man who could eat an entire ox. I had the pleasure to sit down with Milo and ask him a series of questions. continued on page 2
by Summer Yu
A great statesman in Greece, Pericles states this about women in his funeral oration: “Fame will be great...for the woman whose reputation for excellence or blame is least known among males.” As far as we knew, women were even restricted from appearing in public in Ancient Greece. It was common for women to be eliminated from the list of athletes in the most famous festival in Ancient Greece, the Olympics. It was against the law even for women to be spectators in the field. If a woman was caught seeing the game or participating, she would be thrown off the cliff of the Mount Typaion. Continued on page 3
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Sports And Recreation Spartan Woman Milo The Wrestling Champion By Daniel Halloran
DH:Is it true that you could tie a cord around your forehead and then break it by making you forehead veins bulge? M: True indeed. I am a very strong man, with an appetite of a lion. DH: What are your thoughts on the last Olympic games? M: What can I say, that was my fifth consecutive victory. I mean, not to brag, but the competition is not at the level it use to be. Let’s be real, a 40-year-old man beating kids that are 20 years old. I mean, they should be in their prime, they train all their life to lose to an old champion like myself. DH: Do you think there is going to be another wreath of Olive branches hanging at your home in Kroton? M: Is that even a question? There is no one that can last one minute in a match with me. No one has seen a wrestler as talented as I. DH: What are your thoughts on being tied for fifth in most Olympic Wreaths won? M: What can I say. It took a lot of hardwork and dedication. I’m sure you heard about how every day I would lift a calf until it became a bull. That was all leading up to this. So, let me turn the interview. Do you think I deserve it? Let me answer that for you. Of course, I am Milo. I should no longer be considered a champion. In fact, call me Milo the Hero.
By Daniel Halloran
Spartan woman are never at rest. They are always hitting the gym and pumping iron. Instead of having a New Year’s resolution, they are pushed by the fact of your child being killed if he is born weak. It was thought that you had a better chance of your baby being born healthy if the mom was in better shape, and if you were the strongest, your baby would become strong. Spartan women live like no other women. They had no restraints on how they eat and could drink wine like men. They attended school and studied mainly with knowledge of the arts, music, war, and philosophy. Spartan women didn’t have it that easy. However, they could inherit land and run a household if men were at war. I was sent out to interview Helen of Sparta herself. She is drop-dead gorgeous and is the child of the Zeus and Leda. Kidnapped from Troy, she is here to give us her thoughts on how women's rights are in Sparta. DH- Is there anything you would like to change about women’s rights in Sparta? H- Yeah, why do I have to work out? I mean, this face started wars, I don’t think you would need to change that. It’s not even worth it to get pregnant. For example, pregnancy is hard enough. Just imagine going through all that and then your baby is born fat. Then your kid is as dead as a doornail. I think you should be allowed to keep your children. DH- What do you think about the food? H- The food is ok. I get that I can eat as much as I want, but quality over quantity. The food in Troy is delicious, even if it means I can have one bite. DH- Woman are allowed to drink as much as they want! What are your thoughts? H- Wine is great. It’s a way to get rid of all your problems in one night. Then, of course, you suffer the next morning. I have a great story with Theseus on a Friday night. We went out for a drink with our allies in Athens, and let’s just say I had a little too much. I didn’t make it home that night because I crashed my chariot into a tree. DH- Overall, would you rather be known as Helen of Troy, or Helen of Sparta? H- I would much rather be known as a Spartan. Just think about it, when my husband is gone I can run a house while he is in a war. As I explained earlier, I have to exercise, but that will only help with my beach body. That is all I have to say for the day.
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Sports And Recreation Women joined in! by Summer Yu No Women Here！ by Summer Yu
However, there was one exception from this strict rule, a woman called Kallipateira. She wanted to see her boys’ performances on the field, so she imitated a man, and when her boy won first prize, she got so excited that her robes were open. Apparently, people discovered that a woman was at the games, but they did not punish her because of her son’s victories. However, they changed the dressing rule for the athletes after. Every man in the game needs to be naked in order to prevent other women from imitating men on the field.
However, the Olympic games are not only for men now. Our statesman is holding some games for female athletes in the Olympics, which are called the Heraea Games. It has the name because the game is to memorialize the goddess, Hera, for her great accomplishments. By the 6th century B.C, Hippodameia gathered a group called the “Sixteenth Woman.” They are women who were sixteen or less than sixteen. They are divided up in three groups, which were children, adolescents and young women. The women in the Olympic Games need to be unmarried. However, there is an exception to this strict rule, the priestess of Demeter. She is a married woman, but last year she attended the game with the permission from the board, because her temple is at the center of the stadium, and her position as a priestess is honorable. Men and women follow different rules in the Olympic Games. The most apparent difference is that men in the Olympic Games need to be nude whereas women need to wear short chitons* to cover their bodies.
*chiton: A cloth that Greek women usually wear in sports. It is down to the breast.
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Sports And Recreation New Pastimes
by Hadwin Belcher
You may have given your kids the top or yoyo that you had when you were their age, but now there are new things for them to play with! Some new things for them to do are play harpaston or keep away with a leather ball called a palla. This keeps them moving around trying to get the ball and nurtures their fighting side. Some games to keep their competitive edge up are apporhaxis and ourania. Apporhaxis is a game where you dribble a ball and count how many dribbles you get and try to beat the other people. Ourania is played by throwing a ball up and the rest of the team tries to catch it. When a player gets it, they have to throw the ball against a wall as many times as they can without dropping it, and then the winning team can tell the others what to do. If you are not into the physical games, you can compete with singing. Sing at the same time as your friend and try to outdo them! It is easy and everyone can do it, unlike jumping in and out of moving chariots like our heroes do in their free time. So kids, don’t try that at home, and try harpaston instead!
Anatolius: The Record-Breaking Runner by Hadwin Belcher Anatolius: The Record-Breaking Runner In 788 B.C., for our 4th annual Olympic Games, a hero stunned us all with his incredible show in the stade. His name was Anatolius, and he completed the race in record time. We asked him for an interview when he first won and he denied, but now that he is settled back home a year later, he agreed to set up an interview. Continued on page 9
Abantes by Shamus Sullivan Died at age 52 Abantes was a wealthy man and owned a very modest house. Abantes made all of his money in the Olympics. He was a runner and was the best of his time. He would take in and care for street boys that have been running their whole lives from people that they would steal food from. Abantes saw the potential in these boys and gave them a place that they could run without the fear of being caught. Abantes died peacefully doing the things he loved, which was training the boys for the Olympics.
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Sports And Recreation Anatolius: The Record-Breaking Runner by Hadwin Belcher Interviewer: So, Anatolius, tell us. What is your secret for your incredible speed? Anatolius: I don’t have a secret; I had a goal that I wanted to reach and I did anything I had to to complete it. After the second Olympic Games when I was 12, I knew I wanted to compete. My father told me that it would be selfish to leave them there with the hard work on the farm, but I had to. Unfortunately, he passed away a couple of months prior to my win, but I know he would have supported me if he were still here. My mother was so pleased when I came home to tell her I had won and that I was now a hero of Greece. Interviewer: I bet that was a very proud moment for her. Did she change her mind about not wanting you to leave to follow your passions? Anatolius: She had always supported my decisions, whether they were good or bad. When I told her I was leaving to go into the city to compete, she wished me luck. When I came home after winning, she cried. She said she was so very proud of me and that was the best feeling ever. Interviewer: So, how did your daily life change at home after your big win? Anatolius: It didn’t actually change that much. Before, every morning I would go out and do all the chores and start work on the fields early. I still do this just to keep my family going without the riches I acquired from winning. Everyone in my town reveres me and wants to be around me, but before I never really had many friends. I had one or two that I would see on occasion when I brought crops or other things to sell into town. Now that everyone wants to know me, it is stressful going off of my land. Interviewer: I see. Is there a special someone at home so you’re not always alone? Anatolius: -laughing- Oh no. I have always been more comfortable by myself, and I don’t expect to be changing that anytime soon. The more simple my life is, the happier I am and I’m okay with that. For now, I have my mind to keep me company. Interviewer: That makes sense. Keep a clear mind and you will do well. So, Anatolius, do you have any final words of wisdom to tell the people of Greece? Any tips? Anatolius: Oh, you know, I cannot give away any tips for running or there would be many people who could beat me! Interviewer: Sure, sure. Anatolius: I would just say, do what makes you happy. And when you find that thing that gives you great joy, follow that passion. Only good things can come from doing what you love.
Sports And Recreation Why doa the Heraea games matter? by Summer Yu
Woman Joined In! by Summer Yu This different fashion in dressing at the Olympic game represents the different social status of man than woman. Men’s beauty in our society is superior than women beauty. If women and men follow the same rules in Olympic game, the citizens will not accept them. Moreover, part of the reasons the board let women attend the game is that the game creates some chances for young women to find their potential lovers, so even prostitutes can join the game as well. The board plans the games for women to be not the same as men’s. The men have various programs in their games, but the only program in the Heraea game was the footraces for past years. Soon, they are going to add other games like javelin toss and rude wrestling for women who want to play intersex sports. The champions could receive a portion of the cow sacrifice to Hera and crowns of olive as before.
The allowance of women to participate in the Olympics Games is a huge symbol for the release of women’s freedom. It suggests that women are having more social status and rights than before. Their lives were mostly indoors before, because they needed to manage family affairs and slaves in the house. Women lived a secluded life until they had an opportunity to participate in one of the most major festivals in Ancient Greece which is the Olympic Games. However, it is rare to see woman in the game. Only women in Sparta have the chance to train for sports and only women in Sparta are encouraged to attend the Olympics. Because women are expected to give birth to healthy and competitive young generation for the country, they must have some necessary exercises.
Pioneers of the Heraea game by Summer Yu Cynisca, a princess of Sparta, becomes the first woman who won the Olympics. She inherits parts of her father’s land and horses, so she has enough prestige to enter the horse game. She wins the chariot race of the Olympics in 4 B.C. Besides, she tries again next year and she wins again. She is allowed to place her statue in Zeus’ sanctuary. After Cynisca wins twice at the Olympics, women are being more active. Another essential woman who participated in the Olympics is Billistishie.
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Sports And Recreation Obituaries by Shamus Sullivan Haemon Died at age 24 Haemon lived a full life according to his family and his friends. Haemon participated in the last olympics and he won the crown in discus throwing. He had the farthest throw which was measured at 30 lanths. Haemon was killed training for this years olympics he had devoted his life to training for the olympics. Haemon at an early age attended a training academy for the highest of the suitable boys. Even though Haemon was not wealthy he was accepted. Haemon was killed while he was training. He was out on the field and an amature diskus thrower threw a disk and it struck Haemon in the head and he had died instantly. Damascus Died at age 15 Damascus was a boy who was foreseen to be one of the best runner that Greece has ever seen at age 11. He came in second for the amount of awards that he won. He was concerned royalty at 15. Damascus trains for about 8 hours in the day and he is only seen out of his compound when he has to. Many of his other fellow runners come and train with him. Damascus died while he was running. They believe he had a sudden heart attack, but some believe that the other runners had poisoned his drink. Many of these runners are under investigation and if they are found guilty they will either be killed or sentenced to lifetime in slavery.
Wagner died at age 26 Wagner was a soon to be champion in the sport of boxing. Wagner was trained since the age of 12, and his personal trainer said, “[Wagner] was the nicest kid, and he would not hurt anyone who he was not scheduled to fight.” The personal trainer told us this story, “Once we were walking the streets looking for food because it was bulking season. We heard a voice behind us wanting Wagner to fight, he charged Wagner and all Wagner did was block the punched and shove the discouraged man to the side then continued on with his day.” Wagner died from too much head contact for the countless hits to the head that he was receiving.
Anex - age 22 Annex Died while he was running and training for the games this year he was running and he lost time and he wound up in the middle of the desert and it was the night. His family Spoke highly of him. His friends were a large part of his family and he treated them like his brothers. Hs friends says that he would look out for them and if they were having money problems that he would help them out and figure things out.
Sports And Recreation Obituaries by Shamus Sullivan Nayus - Died at 27 Nayus lived a full and confident life he was an avid jumper and after blowing his knee out during the last olympics he has retired from jumping. He loved jumping and he has done it for his whole life. He started jumping when he was a child his mother said. He loved jumping and he has loved doing it every time he was jumping it bringed happiness to his face and the energy that he had doing it was unforgettable. He was an amazing jumper and I can't believe he is gone. He is really not gone though because he is always there when i see the places where he used to jump. I can imagine him having so much fun it brings so much love and warmth to my heart. Anaxis Died at age 68 - Anaxis was a wealthy runner he gained all his wealth for running in 2 of the olympic game. Anaxis lives out in the country with his family. He has 5 kids and they are all avid runners just like their father was. Anaxis’ family spoke very highly of him and the dead he was a very dedicated father and husband. He would always make time for his children to train them in the right technique to run and what the most efficient way to run is. They said that he never was scared of death they said that he was ready to go he says and I quote “I have no regrets�.
Antinous Died at age 36 A couple of you might remember Antinous from the games eight years ago unfortunately he was killed on his way to the games this year. He was coming to watch the games with his family. His family said that he died tragically from falling off of the horse. His family and friends spoke very highly of him and what he stood for. He stood for a olympic games that did not include separation between men and women. He believed in a games that included all of the sexes and that they should be able to watch their family. Antinous will always be in our hearts.
Iros died at age 50 Iros was renowned jumper, and he had gained many awards. Iros grew up as a poor boy and he first learned that he could jump when he was 10 when he was running from the people that he had stole bread from. He came to a six foot gully and he ran and jumped. He easily cleared it with about four feet to spare. Iros still currently holds the records for that jumping and no one is close to beating him. The closest contender is still 6 feet from the record. Iros died of old age and he had a peaceful rest of his days in his mansion right next to that gully where he learned that he could jump.
Nys was a wrestler that beat every component that he faced. He did not have any family; they all passed away when he was Nys Died at Age 36 young. He had died during a wrestling match in which he broke his neck and died instantly. His trainer spoke very highly of him and he said that he was the best fighter that he had ever trained. He had nothing to say but good things about Nys. Nys Grew up on the streets because his parents had died while he was very young. Nys is a single child and he had no one to take care of him. He grew up fighting on the streets to survive and he became very good at it. He looked out for the smaller kids that who could not look out for themselves and he was like a father figure for them. We could not track down any of these children but these things he said to his trainer while they sent many countless hours together.
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Sports And Recreation Superstars of Past Olympics
By Sean Kimura
Astylos of Croton
Melankomas of Cornia
Astylos of Croton participated in his third Olympics and won his sixth olive wreath. He ran for Croton is his first Olympics but decided to run for Syracuse in his last two. Since he had started competing for Syracuse instead of for Croton, the citizens that once looked up to him have destroyed his statue and turned his house into a prison.
Melankomas of Cornia has just been named the Olympic boxing champion. He also exceeded in other sports that he took place in. In boxing he was quick and light on his feet. In all of his time fighting, he was never hit and never threw a punch. He dodged the punches thrown at him and tired the opponent out until he couldn’t fight anymore.
Kyniska of Sparta Kyniska is the first woman to win in the Olympics. The daughter of King Archidomas who won in the four-horse chariot race. She has broken the tradition where only men are allowed to participate in the Olympics and is now the first woman to ever win an Olympic wreath.
Milon of Croton The most famous Olympian Milon of Croton finally lost. After much success in the Olympic games Milon of Croton was surprisingly beat by Timasitheus. The six-time Olympics wrestling champion was surprisingly defeated by a younger opponent. Milon is know as a winner as he has had much success in wrestling growing up. He won seven times in the Pythian Games, nine times in the Nemean Games, ten times in the Isthmian Games, and he has won five times in the men’s wrestling. He unfortunately could not win all his matches and Timasitheus proved that he can be beat.
Leonidas of Rhodes Leonidas of Rhodes just won three consecutive races for the fourth time in a row. He won the stade race, the diaulos race and the armour race, making it a total of 12 victory wreaths in the past four Olympiads. Leonidas is one of the best runners and is a extraordinary role model for the kids. He is very well known and he is looked up to by many citizens. His achievements are going to be hard to beat for the upcoming runners and it will take a very skilled and determined athlete to beat him.
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Sports And Recreation Pioneers of the Heraea games by Summer Yu She is an Ionian and she is also one of the victors in past years of the Heraea games in the Olympics. More and more festivals that men can participate in, women can join them as well. There are women who play sports like driving a chariot, playing with a ball, swimming and wrestling. It is more and more common to see women play sports in the state. It is beneficial for our society to have more strong women to support our daily lives.
Recreation for Women by Summer Yu Other than the Olympic Games, women do have some other activities for sports. We all know that women are restricted to be in public because of the superior status of men. They have fewer recreational activities than men do. Women even cannot go to the theater to see drama. Instead of going out, they have to spend most of their time taking care of their children, husbands and fathers. They are not expected to be involved in politics or public life. Recently, there are more and more dissatisfied women that advocate that they want more freedoms. The activities that are available for women are playing checkers, staying at home to play with their children, and managing the servants in the house. Besides, most Greeks live on the farm to work, and women are in charge of most of the work on the farm because men are constantly in the war. Even women that are born in a noble or wealthy family have to obey this strict rule. Surprisingly, women who are poor have more recreational activities than wealthy women because they have to go out to sell things in the market to support their families and they have more chances to encounter some good men than other women. The poorest women have to be prostitutes to live a life. They have the most freedoms of all women. They can learn how to play musical instruments and how to sing if they have the talent. Furthermore, some women have some activities such as fishing and hunting providing the family for enough food. Besides, the recreation for Spartan women is mostly associated with sports because of their need for possessing the abilities to compete. Even Plato suggests that women need to be equal to men. They have to receive the same education as men in order to reduce the inequalities in society, and eventually to facilitate the culture of the society and enhance the happiness of women.
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323 B.C.
Phidias By Eliza Beaudin In the year 490 B.C. the career of Phidias flourished. Phidias was the artist in charge of the creation and building of the Parthenon. It was believed that he saw the exact images of the gods, and that he was able to recreate them in perfect form. He discovered the ideas to carve Athena and Zeus, and quite frankly, he created them himself. In his early life, Phidias worked with Pericles. Pericles created a building program and assigned Phidias as the Director of the Arts. Phidias created famous monuments to Athena: the Athena Promachos, the Lemnian Athena, and the Colossal Athena Parthenos for the Parthenon. He also carved the
Arts colossal seated Zeus in Olympia. Unfortunately, none of the original forms of these statues survived, but they were attempted to be recreated. The first was the Athena Promachos. This was one of Phidias’ s earliest works. It was made out of bronze and was put in the Acropolis in 456 B.C. It was 30 ft tall (9 mt) high. At the time, it was one of the largest statues in Athens. The next was the Lemnian Athena. This was given by some of the Athenian colonists. This statue was originally bronze, but in Bologna and Dresden, artists tried to recreate the statues using marble. Lastly was the Colossal Athena Parthenos. This statue was made for the Parthenon. She was completed and dedicated to the Parthenon in 438 B.C. She was made out of gold and ivory and was 38 feet tall. The statue stood erect and wore a tunic, aegis, and held a Nike, which is a Greek goddess
symbolizing victory. The statue had an extended left hand, and in the right hand she held a spear. This statue also included a decorated shield and a serpent by her side. Varakion, which was a Roman copy of the sculpture, and also Hellenistic artists tried to recreate this statue, because again, the original form didn’t survive.
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Parthenon - Is it a Mistake? By: Tyler Swanbeck Eight years ago, construction on a monument called the Parthenon began. This monument, presumably dedicated to Athens, has stopped construction due to revolts from workers. These workers went on strike due to a lack of trust in higher official leaders. These workers are blaming the men who came up with the blueprint to create the Parthenon, Iktinos and Kallikrates. Iktinos and Kallikrates are some of Greece’s best architects. Kallikrates is known for designing the temple of the god, Nike, and Iktinos is known for designing the temple of Apollo at Bassae. The workers say that the conditions to create the Doric columns are too dangerous and the design is faulty. Many workers have died working this risky job because the columns have broken apart, fallen, and crushed them. The columns are made up of sections that are stacked upon each other. The rate of success of completing a stacked column is higher than the rate of failure because the main architects, Iktinos and Kallikrates, designed a way to stack one upon each other
to keep them stable. The design shows that the sections have a small hole on the top and bottom so a block can slide into place and hold the columns together. Now, it isn’t just the workers who are questioning the reason for the creation of the Parthenon. Many citizens of Athens are furious that the monument is even being built. Some say that it is ugly, and it is a disgrace to Athens. Others say that it is only being created to show the glory of the high officials of Athens that came up with the idea. For example, we interviewed citizen Helen Cranosus and she said, “Pericles is only making the Parthenon to show his glory as a leader. To be honest he needs to be punished for his prideful ways.” She is right in some ways about the morals of Pericles. Pericles is creating the Parthenon to show the glory of Greece to others. Pericles is the leader of Athens, and has brought them into many great times. These times include the Golden Age of Athens, where the Athenian civilization has thrived for many years. Pericles has been a trustworthy leader of Athens and has ruled them for many years. Throughout his time as leader he has led Athens through times of success. This includes the Golden
Age that they are going through right now. Is Pericles to blame for the fails of the Parthenon? Many of his political opponents have tried to stop the construction of the Parthenon. Thucydides, not the historian, has tried to take down Pericles along with his project. He has done this by telling lies and faulty information to the citizens of Athens about Pericles and his morals for the creation of the Parthenon. At his last public conference Thucydides said, “Pericles is only creating the Parthenon for the glory of himself. All the hard workers that have died, have died not knowing that they were working for a faulty cause.” Now do we know if this is true, not really. Thucydides has been known to tell lies, and because of his lie telling he is up for ostracism at the next vote. There are also some people who are all for the completion of the Parthenon because there are many great qualities that represent what accomplishments in art and architecture Athens has made. The Parthenon is valued because of its great architectural features, art, and because it is home to our patron goddess, Athena. Throughout the temple, there are many examples of great Athenian architecture. The columns create a colonnade with their
alignment of an 8 by 17 grid with the roof over it. The columns are Doric, which is a type of column where there is little to no detail among a column. The columns were made out of marble, which is a whitish gray color. Marble is a great architectural choice because of its great color and heavy mass that keeps each column standing.Then, on the top of the columns there is colorful artwork that is around the barrier of the top of the Parthenon. Inside the columns is where the cella is. The cella is the large room inside the outer columns where there are beautiful statues of leaders, paintings, and the statue of Athena. The cella is surrounded by two walls, and a row of 6 columns on each side next to the walls. If you were to walk in, there is another set of columns that create a hallway leading to the statue of Athena. These columns are different from the ones that make up the outer perimeter of the Parthenon because they are Ionic. Ionic columns are different than Doric columns because of the amount of artistic detail they have on them. A Doric column has little to no detail, but ionic columns have detail among most parts of the (Conituned on page 5).
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The Battle of Marathon By Trevor Sours A lot of people ask why the Battle of Marathon is called what it is. Well, according to Herodotus, it was a run that Pheidippides performed from Athens to Sparta to tell the Spartans about the victory. It was a run of roughly one hundred and fifty miles. Marathon was a battle that took place in 490 B.C. The Athenian leader at the time was Themistocles. The battle was caused due to Darius I, the Persian leader at the time, wanting revenge because the Athenians helped the Ionians in the Ionian revolt. The Athenians won this fight, even though the odds were not with them. In September of 490 BC, the Persians, with around six hundred ships with a total of twenty thousand troops, landed just north of Athens on Greek territory. Since the area around where they landed was flat, it gave the Persians an advantage due to their cavalry, because of this, the Greeks delayed. In history this battle matters. People believe that this victory was crucial to the Greeks winning
the Persian War. If the Greeks lost this battle, today there might be a Persian Empire. This battle witnessed around ten thousand Greek farmers become a trained military of heavy infantry who fought against twenty five thousand Persian soldiers. The Persian Empire as we know it today was the largest, richest, and the most powerful o empires in the world. Compared to the Persians, Greece was tiny. They should have lost the Battle of Marathon. But how did they win? Well, here is one possible factor. Twenty years ago, the Athenians had an overthrow of their government. This created a mass participatory democracy. When the Athenian military marched into the Battle of Marathon, they did it as free men which had personally made each troop want to fight in the war. Even though there are many factors, there are some things that are not clear to us about this battle. Part of the battle’s outcome was determined by a head-on collision of many thousands of armed men from both sides. This made it so each man had no room to fight. So, the fight was in a space of furious frenzy with hacking and stabbing. In this fight, however, the mobility of Persian cavalry, and the arrow storm of their archers, was not used in the
battle. However, the Athenians used some tactics in the fight. The Athenians allowed the Persians to push forward. When the Persians did so, the Athenians attacked them from behind. Not only that, some of the Persians were stunned at the fierce hand to hand combat that was put up by the Athenians.
Ten thousand Athenians used huge shields and very sharp spears and charged into the Persian line. Each man fought beside kinsmen, friends, and neighbors: the men that they have lived with their entire life. If any man backed down, they would be considered a coward.. Each man fought because they wanted to. Each man fought to defend their home, the revolutionary democracy which had given things to the poor. It is that each man was free, each man was
was fighting along with his friends, to collide on the field against the Persians in the Marathon Battle.
The Battle of Thermopylae By Trevor Sours The Battle of Thermopylae, was the second of the three major battles in the Persian War. The Battle of Thermopylae took place in 480 B.C. After word from the oracle that the Spartans had to sacrifice one of their kings to win the war, Leonidas stepped up. Leonidas wanted to die in war anyways. He and three hundred men, of which already had kids so that their blood would not be lost, went into a battle they were sure to lose. On the other side, the Persian King Xerxes, wanted revenge from the Battle of Marathon, a battle the Persians should not have lost. The Greeks were able to hold off the Persians for three days, but in the end, they lost. The Persians did win this war, but the Greeks gained something out of this. When the war happened, the Spartans chose Thermopylae. For the Persians, Thermopylae was not the only path, but it was the easiest. Not only (Continued on page 5).
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Phidias Continued from Page 1 Many believe the downfall of Phidias began in 430 B.C.. The temple of Zeus the Olympian was believed to be his masterpiece. This colossus became one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The Temple of Zeus was in fact Phidias’s masterpiece. Zeus is seated on the throne with a Nike in his right hand and sceptre in his left. Truly a man of power as you can see. He had ivory flesh with drapes of pure gold. The throne back came up over his head and had decorations surrounding the statue that were richly decorated. This statue was seven times the lifesize image of Zeus and stood 42 feet tall occupying the temple. Zeus displayed power and strength, which is why this statue was enormous and looked as if it overpowered everything else surrounding it. From here the story of Phidias is one big mystery. Some believe he was accused of stealing gold from the Parthenon in 432 B. C., but he was able to disprove the charges. He was then later accused of putting portraits of himself and Pericles on the shield of Zeus. He was in fact found guilty for this and was thrown in prison. Some believe he died in prison
Discobolus By Eliza Beaudin Discobolus was a statue created by the famous Greek sculpture, Myron. The career of Myron reached its peak in 480 B.C. and fell in 440 B.C. He was more of an older sculptor in comparison to Phidias. The ancients thought he was the most versatile and innovative of all Attic sculptors. He was born in Eleuthera, a small town between Attica and Boeotia. However, he lived mostly in Athens, and he was the first to receive a lifelike representation in art. It was known that he was the first Greek sculptor to combine “mastery movement with his gift for harmonious composition.” He worked mostly with bronze, and he was able to become famous for his others believe he was exiled to Elis. studies of athletes in action. He was There he worked in his “workroom” able to capture one “moment on terra-cotta drapes for Zeus and the finished, waiting for another to creation of Zeus the Olympian. occur.” For example, in the sculpture There was lot taken from the of Discobolus, he was able to capture work of Phidias. When movement the thrower who just completed the in his work occurred, the statue-like backswing, just before hurling the feeling in his work remained. He discus. was the man that in a way created The statue Discobolus was idealism and the belief of portraying Myron’s most famous work, and it man in perfect form. This style was the most celebrated during the distinguished art in the 4th and 5th period of Western Sculpture. The centuries. period of Western Sculpture was from 500 to 450 B.C.
Myron
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Parthenon - Is it a mistake? (Continued from Page 2). Once you look down the hall of columns there is the magnificent statue of Athena. The statue of Athena is made out of gold and silver, created by Greek sculpture Phidias, and is one of the most valued statues in all of Greece. This statue does live up to all of its hype because of who made it and what it’s made of. This statue is valued at 469 talents. Then, behind the statue is the treasure of the Delian league. This is a risky move on the part of Athens because of them having the treasure in their home-city has made some of the other allies mad, and they question their allegiance to the Delian League. This is so because the treasure is made up of much of the wealth of the other allied city states, and Athens has basically bullied them with their power into storing their treasure in the Parthenon.
There have been rumors going around Athens that some of the neighboring allies are going to revolt because they think that Athens is breaking their alliance agreement. This is part of the reason why the Athenian people are either for or against the completion of the Parthenon. Based on this information, are you for or against the building of the Parthenon? Choose a side!
Obituaries for the Parthenon Workers
the columns, under construction, broke apart and fell to the ground, crushing workers under it. Alexios was a baker before he became a worker at the construction site. He was one of the most well known bakers in all of Athens, he came up with new types of pastries, like honey bread and other treats. Alexios was a good man and will be missed by the city of Athens, close friends, and his family.
Battle of Thermopylae
Continued from page 3 that, the invader was not able to get over the mountains to take the By Tyler Swanbeck defenders from behind. They also Kaputalis Achaikos, 41, died at 6:15 chose this spot because it was so narrow, it limited how many Persians at the building site of the Parthenon yesterday. Kaputalis was a part of the could attack at once. Even though the Greeks lost, this battle gave them ancient Athenian army that won the much more time to prepare and help Battle of Marathon. After the battle, evacuate the city of Athens. Kaputalis moved to the city of Athens from his farm village right outside the city. After living in the city of Athens for 15 years, he began Obituary on Herodotus By Tyler Swanbeck to work on the construction site of the Parthenon. Then, one tragic day Herodotus he was caught in the wrong place at Known as the “Father of the wrong time when a column fell on him. He was a good man and will History�, Herodotus, in the Western world, went beyond the normal be missed. listing of names of rulers and retold Alexios Gaiane, 37, died last night at real events. . Prior to writing The Persian Wars, Herodotus traveled far 6:15 pm along with many other and wide, collecting as much construction workers, at the site of information as the Parthenon. He died when one of
possible from people who remembered what happened. After all, Herodotus used the term called historie, which means inquiry, to define his work. The definition today means the recording and study of past events. Herodotus put a critical eye on all of his sources. Other than his care for detail and accuracy, his writings reflect his own view of the war. His view in the Persian Wars was apparently a clear moral victory of Greek love and freedom over the Persians tyranny. Herodotus also invented conversations and speeches from those of the past. Herodotus set standards for future historians.and stressed the importance of research for our future generations.
Laocoon and his Sons By Eliza Beaudin Laocoon and his Sons is a famous Greek statue that used Greek Hellenistic Bronze. The statue was discovered in 1506 in a Rome vineyard. One of the first experts Continued on Page 6
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New Playwright Sophocles with the Next Most HeartWrenching Tragedy? Play reviewed by famous critic, Ella Fields. ★★★★☆
A new play was released this month entitled Oedipus Rex, written by the new and criticallyacclaimed playwright, Sophocles.
It is about the tragic story of how an infant with a prophecy sealed by fate was doomed to inevitably kill his father, King Laius, and marry his mother, Queen Jocasta. When his parents
heard this horrid news from an old prophet by the name of Tiresias, they planned to have infant Oedipus thrown off a cliff. This part of the play captures not only the desperation of the future king's parents but also their ignorance, as a prophecy is known to always come true, no matter what someone may attempt for the change of a fate. One question that may be asked by an audience would be, "Why didn't Laius and Jocasta kill Oedipus themselves or have him killed on palace grounds? Would they think of this as unethical? And if so, wouldn't be killing their own baby unethical as well?" Oedipus wasn't dropped off of a cliff. The man hired to kill him brings him to Corinth and gives him away to another man who gives him to a family, the King Polybus and Queen Merope of Corinth. They raise poor Oedipus, with him never finding out that this royal family isn't his, nor is Corinth the kingdom he was born in. When he is grown, he goes out one day and a random drunken man tells him that the royal family of Corinth aren't his parents and that his parents are back in Thebes. He decides to make his way there, to find out if this information is true. He listens to this man and decides to travel back to Thebes to find out if this information is true. Some may wonder why he listened to this
intoxicated man out on the streets, but he did which shows that Oedipus is a curious man but also may not have common sense. Why would he leave the perfectly familiar family with whom he had been raised to love? Did he have hopes that the other family was better than this one? To find out if the information from the drunk man was true, he consulted the famous oracle of Delphi, who gave him answers, but only vaguely. The oracle told Oedipus that he was destined to kill his father and marry his mother. He also said that the death of the well-liked king would bring great sorrow to the city. Oedipus still decided to flee to his birthplace, vowing never to return again as he thought that the oracle was speaking of Polybus and Merope. But destiny would of course unfold the way it always does as the royal family of Corinth were indeed not Oedipus’ real parents, and he was on his way to becoming a murderer. On his journey, he is escorted by heralds in a chariot. When growing up, he was always used to being treated as royalty because of his parents. When he refuses to pull over for another passing chariot, he jumps the men inside and kills them. Was he really as ignorant as to be going on a journey to try and escape from his prophecy of killing his father and then going and killing random
men? Didn’t he think first? Wasn’t he aware that one of these men could be the one that he was destined to kill? This really shows how much of a big head he has and how much hubris he harbors. When he finally makes it to Thebes, he travels to the kingdom where he was born, which, of course, he doesn’t know is his birthplace yet. What will happen to poor Oedipus next? To find out, purchase tickets and go see this emotional play! I would give it four out of five stars keeping in mind that there were many twists and turns, but we all knew what would happen in the end because of the prophecy. Of course, the prophecy needed to be in there to make the story but there were no true surprises, I feel. Thanks for reading, check in next week for another review. Laocoon and his sons Continued from page 5 to visit the site was Michelangelo a famous renaissance sculptor. Pope Julius at the time ordered the statue to be brought to Vatican right away. It was placed in the Belvedere Court Garden. This statue was known to be “superior to all works in painting and bronze.” Many experts thought this statue had Continued on Page 7
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a significant impact on Italian Renaissance art and also Renaissance sculptors. It was the most studied ancient art to ever be put on display. Since the discovery many copies have been made including bronze versions by Baccio Bandinelli and Francesco Primaticcio. Increase in fame caused the statue to later be removed from the Court Garden in 1799. It was then placed in the Louvre in Paris.
In 1906 the right arm which had been missing from the original statue was found. The missing arm was found by chance in a Roman building yard by Ludwig Pollak. It was donated to Vatican, where it stayed for over 50 years. It took experts this period of time to figure out it belonged to the original Laocoon statue.
The statue stands 8 feet tall. This statue is a combination of 7 interlocking pieced. The completion and construction date is still unknown. It was thought to be in 42 B.C., but experts are still unsure. Also still unknown is that if the statue found in 1506 was the original Roman sculpture or a copy of an earlier Greek statue.
The mythology behind this statue is that Laocoon was a Trojan priest. When the Greeks were holding Troy under siege they left their famous Trojan horse on the beach and Laocoon didn't want to it to get trapped. Athena, the Greek goddess punished Laocoon for his interference of him and his two sons attacked by 2 giant sea serpents, Porces and Chariboea. In the statue one of his sons has escaped the snakes, and is looking over to see his brother and father being killed.
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Lifestyle Womens Roles in Athens and Sparta By Bradley Sperl Between Sparta and Athens, two of the biggest city-states in Greece, there is a real difference in society, the biggest being the difference between the way women are treated in both city-states. Let’s take Athens, for example. In Athens women stay in their homes away from society and only come out for festivals and special events. When they come out of their homes they are beautiful and glorious. Some women have a problem with the way they are treated and some don’t. I met with Macario of Athens, and he said, “I have no problem with the way that women are treated in our society, and my wife doesn’t either. I like that she stays at home because I know that she is always safe, and she takes care of our two year old son. I go to work in the morning, and on my way home I pick up food at the market for dinner and the next day’s breakfast. Odelia, Macario’s wife, says, “I quite enjoy staying at home. Sometimes it gets a little lonely, but I have my twoyear-old son to keep me company. I also like the idea of the safety of being in my own home. Also, Macario and I couldn’t afford a babysitter even if I went out during the day.” Some people are happy with the way women are treated in society, but some aren’t as Cajsa explains. She says, “I hate the way women are treated. I have to stay in my home to not be looked upon as an outcast. I can’t go out and work or do things for myself. I hate to think that my daughter will have to be treated like this when she grows up.” There are definitely different outlooks on the life of women in Athens, but in Sparta the attitude from the poulus is very much different. Continued on Page 3
Greek Hoplite Armor
Army Life in Athens and Sparta
By Brian Vieten Army life as an Athenian or Spartan soldier is extremely tough. I will explain to you what these men go through on a daily basis and what they have to do to become a killer warrior. Athenian hoplites are barely trained and are only part timers. They build their own equipment because full armor suits are very expensive. The wealthiest citizens deck themselves in the finest armor to show who they are. They try to show off by having the nicest set of gear. Athenians and Spartans are similar in their equipment and their fighting tactics. Hoplites dress in heavy bronze armor to protect themselves from swords and spears. Continued on Page 2
Greek women in Ancient Clothing
Aphrodite’s Fashion Column
By Rachel Brouwer This is Aphrodite’s fashion column giving you the latest on trends, what’s in, and what’s not! The newest hot trend has been stylish and colorful brooches. We are all used to pinning our tunic and cloaks around our bodies with brooches on our shoulders. But, what if our brooches weren’t just plain brown like the normal ones are. Stylish brooches could add a little flare to everyone’s closets. This spring season, bright colors and intricate designs are very in style. The small details like geometric designs or scenes of normal life are what really make the dress. Although dyeing the dress intense colors takes longer, it might just be worth the wait! Continued on Page 5
The Lifestyle Section King Leonidas By Johnny Lang In August 480 BCE, when Xerxes commanded his 300,000 soldiers to pass through Thermopylae and invade Greece, our hero, the king of Sparta Leonidas, led his army with only 300 men to fight against the Persians. Even though he knew he might die, he still had his brave heart and fought without fear. In the Battle of Thermopylae, the army roughly killed 20,000 enemies during the battle. When Leonidas was young, he was just like other Spartans. He had gone through the same education process as other Spartan boys. He studied soldiers’ warrior attitudes and learned basic strategies in battle. He later became the king of Sparta, and received an important order to stop Persians at Thermopylae, where the Greeks had geographic advantages on stopping the enemy. Persia, as we know, is a great empire in Asia. The country is wealthy and giant, and Persians have a strong army and navy. In 490 BC, because of the help from Athens for the rebellion against Persia, Persia started the invasion of Greece quickly. We won the Battle of Marathon. However, we faced another problem, the second invasion led by Xerxes. At this time, Leonidas got the order to stop the Persians from Thermopylae. Even though he knew he would die, he resolutely left as the first one. “The Spartans sent the men with Leonidas on ahead so that the rest of the allies would see them and march with no fear of defeat,” said Herodotus. Leonidas and his men stopped the Persians passing through Thermopylae for two days with a significantly smaller number of soldiers than the Persians. After several days one of the local residents, Ephialtes, betrayed the Greeks and told the Persians a small path led behind the Greek lines. When Leonidas was outflanked, he dismissed most of his army in order to save the power Greek for the next battle. The Persian forces came from both sides. Leonidas was killed, but, his body was retrieved and protected by Spartans. Xerxes’s order was to have Leonidas’s head cut off, and his body was to be crucified by a stake. The order was not only sacrilegious but also showed the fear of Persian on Leonidas’s army. Continued on Page 3
Army Life in Athens and Sparta Continued from Page 1 They also have helmets, greaves which are leg armor, a large shield, a spear, and an iron shortsword. The soldiers used to wear heavy bronze armor but now the bronze is lighter. This helps the soldiers move more quickly, and it is easier for them to get around the battlefield. Can you imagine fighting with such little protection and all you have is a sword, spear, and a shield? These men were warriors, so they were trained to fight without fear. They fight in a tight formation called a phalanx. They use a long spear as a primary weapon. This formation makes it hard for enemies to attack and makes a mass of shields and spears that make a wall. When the phalanxes advances, each man has a shield on his left forearm and a spear in the other hand. Spartan male children are toughened up by nature’s elements like walking barefoot in winter. The Spartans make their kids walk in the winter outside with no shoes on so that they toughen up. At the age of seven they start military training and are put in barracks where they eat and sleep. They are even kept away from women for the next 10 years. At the age of 20, they officially can join the army. By this time they can marry but don’t see their wives very often. All this to make tough warriors! The Athenian naval warfare is very good, and they are known for their naval warfare. The ships they use are called triremes, and it takes 170 men to row these ships. These 170 men are the biggest and strongest guys on the ship so they can make the ship go faster if it needs to smash into another ship. A trireme usually carries ten armored marines and four archers. Their ships are very cramped because of all the men if took to row the ship. Because of this there is only a three day supply of food and water for these men. A very cool fact about these ships is that a skilled helmsman and a disciplined crew can ram an enemy vessel or ride over their oars, making it unable to fight back. That is amazing that they use their own transportation as a weapon. Did you know that campaigns were fought by city-state citizen armies? A number of helots accompanies the army on its march. Foraging and preparing food is an important part of their duties.
LS.2 These people are slaves and do things for the soldiers when they are needed and help prepare for battle. The defeat of the Persians is a tribute to the courage and fighting skills of the Athenian and Spartan citizen soldiers. The Greeks had an estimate of 35,000 soldiers and only 5,000 Spartan warriors. Wow, no, that’s not a fair ratio! There was no way that the Spartans could win. This was the biggest setback for Sparta. It hurt them a lot because lots of men died because of this. From 337 B.C.E the Greek city-state was under the dominance of the Macedonian rulers, and then, because of all of this, Hoplites became crucial. In ancient Greece warfare was very symmetrical. For example, when two Phalanxes ran into each other they would look exactly the same. There would be a same wall of shields and the same amount of spears from each side making they look the exactly the same. In the Battle of Salamis in Saronic Gulf in 480 B.C.E., Athenians fled to Salamis after the battle of Thermopylae. They fought because of an alliance of Greek city-states and the persian empire. The route that they took would make the army of xerxes to travel through Thermopylae. The Battle of Marathon was in 490 B.C and started from a Greek soldier Pheidippides. Pheidippides ran 25 miles to Athens for the start of the Battle of Marathon. The Peloponnesian War occurred from 431 to 404 B.C.E. The alliances formed from two of the same powers during this period involved almost all of the Greek city-states. The Greeks had many fighting qualities. Hoplites were put thoroughly to the test when large Persian armies invaded Greece. The first time they invaded them was in 490 B.C.E and then again another decade later. The first one was when a Athenians force clashed with a way bigger Persian army, including cavalry.
King Leonidas
The Lifestyle Section Women’s Roles in Athens and Sparta Continued from Page 1 In Sparta women are treated with much more dignity and respect and are given more freedoms. Some of these freedoms include the ability to roam free in the city and take care of estates while their husbands are away. Calandra of Sparta says, “I like the way that I am treated in Sparta. My main job is to have offspring that can fight in the army, because Sparta is a military city state. I am forced to stay fit so that my offspring will be fit and healthy as well. I also like that if my husband dies fighting in glorious battle, I am not left to be on my own. I can run my husband’s finances and estates so that I can continue my life.” This is the same outlook that most women in Sparta have and the men feel the same way. They feel that if they fall in battle that their sons will be taken care of by their wife, and their name will still continue on. This is what a hero would like to know as they die on the battlefield, knowing that their name and offspring will live on. These are the differences between the lives of women in Athens and Sparta. Some people like the way that women are treated, but only time will tell if any changes in society occur.
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King Leonidas Continued from Page 2 Leonidas helped stop Persians for two days, which also helped all city-states to ally and prepare for the next battle. Leonidas was not afraid of death. Instead, he only cared about his soldier's lives and killing enemies. His fearlessness is the symbol of Sparta. He is the standard for all Greeks. Leonidas and his army killed thousands of Persians with only a small amount of people. He influenced all the Persian troops in attitude, and their will to fight. Many Persians were afraid to fight with the strong army of Greeks. However, Leonidas dismissed most of his army in order to save power for a further battle. Leonidas was killed, but his body was retrieved and protected by Spartans. The remaining soldiers still held back four attacks from the Persians. Persians used a lot of arrows to kill the remaining army. Eventually, Leonidas and his army died with great honors.
In order to make all the generations remember Leonidas’s great leadership, we will start a hero cult at Sparta. His brave behaviors will always be remembered and recorded in history. Although he was defeated and killed in the battle, he is still the hero that represents the symbol of all the Greeks. His brave heart and behavior inspired all soldiers.
Greek Women The Beautiful Helen of Troy
By Johnny Lang In Greek mythology Helen of Troy, also known as Helen of Sparta, was the daughter of Zeus and Leda, the queen of Sparta. She was considered the most beautiful woman in the world in Greek myths. A whole war, which lasted for ten years, was fought over her. Her beauty inspired artists of all time to represent her, frequently as the personification of ideal beauty. Her face was regarded as the cause of launching thousands of ships. Two Athenians, Theseus and Pirithous, thought that since they were the sons of gods, both of them should marry the daughters of Zeus. Therefore, they helped each other abduct the two daughters. Theseus chose Helen, and Pirithous wanted to marry Persephone. However, the husband of Persephone, Hades, pretended to offer them hospitality and then caught both of them when Theseus and Pirithous kidnapped Persephone. Helen was young at that time, about seven to ten years old. Her beauty attracted different people, and everyone wanted to marry her.
LS.3 When it was time for Helen to marry, many kings and princes from different countries came to seek her hand. Helen’s father, Tyndareus, had to choose a husband for his daughter. However, he was afraid to offend other suitors of Helen’s. Odysseus helped Tyndareus out by making the suitors swear not to retaliate after the decision. Menelaus was chosen to be the husband of Helen. Menelaus and Helen later became the rulers of Sparta, and they ruled for at least ten years. Paris, the prince of the Trojans, came to Sparta and saw the most beautiful woman, Helen. He fell in love with her and wanted to take her away. Although Helen is sometimes depicted as being kidnapped by Paris, whether her subsequent involvement with Paris is an abduction or a seduction is ambiguous. Herodotus claimed that Helen was abducted. However, the Cypria simply mentioned that after Paris gave Helen gifts, he brought Helen, who was willing to leave, to Troy. When he discovered that his wife was missing, Menelaus found his wife in Troy. He called all the suitors to begin the Trojan War. Most of suitors sent their ships to Troy to join the war. That’s why we say Helen’s face launched thousands of ships. She simply started a war with her beauty. This was the one romantic causes of the Trojan War recorded in history. The story itself became a myth written in different books in ancient Greece. However, was this the real cause of the Trojan War? Was Helen willing to leave her child and go with Paris or was she kidnapped? Was the story only made up by writers? There is no historical proof about them. Helen displayed very little emotion and no remorse. She seemed unaffected by the outcome of the war.
Helen of Troy
The Lifestyle Section The Normal Greek Diet By Johnny Lang In Greece bread, wine and olive oil make up most of what Greeks eat. They also eatcheese if they can get it. Greeks love vegetables, especially lentils, chickpeas, green peas, and other beans. They eat grains, wheat, barley, fruit, vegetables, breads, and cakes everyday. In summer months, Greeks have plenty of fresh vegetables and food. In winter months they eat dried fruit and food they store, like lentils and apples. Because most Greeks live near the sea, they also eat fish, squid and shellfish. Fish is the main source of protein in the Greek diet. Beef and pork are expensive, so they are only available during religious festivals. Wine is the main drink in Greece. Greeks also make their own wine from the grapes they grow. The diet of ancient Greeks is healthy.
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Q: What will I do when my husband is not here to make important decisions for our family? A: As the new head of the household you will need to make the decision that you think is best for the family. If the problem is based on money or trade, consult a male family member or an important male figure in the town. Q: Will my kids be affected by not having their father in the house? A: It’s very important for boys especially in Sparta to grow up around a strong male role model. Have their grandfather around or bring them to a strong male leader in the town often. Q: How do I balance my time now that I will have to not only cook, but run the household? A: You can always look for help with other ladies. Let one of them do all the cooking, and one lady can do all the looking after the kids.
Remember the 300
Are Women Meant to Take Over? By Rachel Brouwer In these times of war and conflict many wives are left at home when their husbands go to war. As women we haven’t been responsible for the household in the past. Now that our husbands our gone we must step up to provide and take care of our families. I will be answering sent in questions about household problems.
By Bradley Sperl The 300 Spartans are one of the most remembered groups of people in the history of our society. They are remembered for their actions in the Persian War by holding off the Persian Army so that the rest of Greece could evacuate their cities and assemble their armies. The Spartans risked their lives for the people of Greece and to die gloriously on the battlefield. We all know the story of the 300 Spartans. The great Spartan King Leonidas volunteered to lead the entire Spartan Army to Thermopylae and fight off the Persians. The Spartan officials were very skeptical about the idea, and didn’t want to risk so many troops. Leonidas was given 300 soldiers to go and fight off the Persians so that the Spartan Army could meet up with Athenian Army and fight the Persian troops head on. Because Athens and Sparta knew that the 300 couldn’t defeat the Persians, they evacuated their cities and towns so that their citizens would be safe. The 300 Spartans marched to Thermopylae knowing that they would never return home to see their families.
LS.3 But they would end up lasting longer than anyone had ever imagined, which allowed Athens and Sparta to later finish and win the Persian War.
Greek Horoscopes Zeus- May your glorious rulers make wise decisions, and your kinsmen follow in their steps. Hera- May your spouse treat you with respect and dignity. Poseidon- May your ship sail straight and the winds blow at your back, so your journey will be swift and smooth. Ares- May the sons that you have sent to battle reign victorious on the field, and defend your lands with pride and dignity. Dionysus- May the wine that fills your pitchers be ever so sweet, and the joy that fills your home never cease. Athena- May the wisdom of your elders never fade, and the discoveries of man progress. Hermes- May your messengers be swift, and your words understood. Hephaestus- May the tools that you rely on stay sharp and work for you as they were designed. Apollo- May your hospitals stay clean, and may your doctors perform their magic of healing for all. Demeter- May your harvests be plentiful, and the crops from the harvest feed your soul. Artemis- May the game from your hunt stay fresh, and feed your family well. Hestia- May the fire in your house never go out, and the fire in your heart burn forever. Aphrodite- May the longevity of your life never fade, and your youth flourish.
The Lifestyle Section Fashion, cont. from pg. 1 The pop of intense red or blue will catch anyone’s eye. You will stand out from the bland tans and browns that everyone else is wearing. Most women are now wearing strophions and epiblemas. The strophion being the band worn around our waists to accentuate our waists. Epiblemas are the shawls worn over our normal dress. For older women showing less skin is appropriate. These are a great way to where a great dress without feeling uncomfortable about showing too much skin. The himation or the overcloak can also have stylish accents like design or color. Headbands are also a beautiful accent to any outfit. Braided fabric is a good choice, but it is also very basic. If you want to go more intricate, you could use flowers or branches. This gives an earthy look that is also very colorful. Long dresses are still the staple of every woman's wardrobe. They might seem to get old, but we have some ways to spruce them up. Although the classic dress is a plain white fabric ruched by the strophion, there are ways to wear an appropriate dress that catches an eye. Fabric overlays on the shoulder and around the neck add a unique touch. As for footwear, sandals are really in. They classics come in two different styles. The first style is the woman's style that is wrapped just around the foot and toes, and attached to the sole. The second is the more manly version. These are wrapped all the way up to mid-calf or knee. They are then wrapped down to the soles. These shoes are sometimes worn in battle as well. Although these are the classic shoes they are still in style. Plus, they go with everything! Some of us Greeks that do not value fashion prefer to be in the nude or have minimal clothing. In our culture nude is accepted, and it is not looked down upon. Some people less fortunate will find ways to be stylish with less clothing on. I hit the streets of Athens to ask some people on their views on nudism. I came across a man who only had a small cloth around his groin. His name was Naowarat. I asked him his opinion on nudism. He said “It’s not about the fashion for men, we are out here doing labor everyday. If it’s hot I’m going to go with less clothes, if it’s cooler I’ll put more on” In this way, we as a society are more focused on comfort and convenience rather than style. For those women out there who do value fashion, keep reading!
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Opinion and Editorials Are Persians as great as everyone thinks in the military?
Opinions of Art and Architecture By Grace Keneally
By: Katya Fons Persians are famously known for their great, powerful military, but is that the case when the Greeks won the Persian war, defeating them in two out of the three battles? In some cases the Greeks were known to be smarter than the Persians, so that is why they won. But what is everyone else’s opinion on this statement?
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This picture shows the fierce Persian Army during the Persian Wars. Womens Rights Article: By Avery Jurek
Argument: Athens vs. Sparta, of which should a woman prefer to live in? The inability for women of both Athens and Sparta to leave their homes without the escort of their man has become an even more strict policy in Greece. This issue took some looking into, so a group of Athenian scientists and myself, Adonis, recorded the actions of women in both Athens and Sparta, the most abundant city- states. This expedition’s purpose was to determine the behavior of women inside and outside of their homes. This experiment included five other team members and endless diaries filled to their last pages of women’s behavior. Our results concluded one thing, women’s behaviors differed greatly between the two city- states. The question we ask now is, given the harshness of women’s treatment in both, considering the different factors, which city state as a women of Greece would YOU choose to live in? Continue on page 5
Drama is a very important part of our Greek culture. The Greeks fight with each other and many surrounding countries but theatre is a way for us to put our problems aside and laugh together for a while. Drama is separated into two genres, comedy and tragedy. Drama and theatre are very important parts of our developing Greek history because the plays we perform are a way of telling stories. Drama is a big part of today’s culture and many people enjoy watching plays or being in them. Without the Greeks, we would not have drama to the extent that we do today. In fact we might not have the concept of performing stories live for entertainment at all. Also, in looking back on old Greek plays we are able to get a better understanding of Greek culture and beliefs. Continue on page 3
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Opinion and Editorials No:
Yes: Yes the Persians are better: Even though the Persians lost the Persian War, they still had a strong military. As we all know, Persia outnumbered the Greeks with the amount of soldiers, who are all skilled at battle their strategies and fighting techniques. Persians had thousands of trained soldiers and horses that would crash into enemy lines and divide the enemy, which was called cavalry. After the cavalry crashed into enemy lines and then retreated, the archers would let go of many arrows at their enemy. The Persians defeated the Greeks at the Battle of Thermopylae. This showed that the Persians were still in this. Overall, the Persians are known for their powerful military, and just because they lost one war does not mean they are a weak army. It meant they have to improve and win their next battle.
This is a statue of a Greek warrior in heavy bronze armor.
During the Persian War, the Persian soldiers outnumbered the Greek soldiers by a few thousand. Athens knew the Persians were coming to attack them. They were waiting with their ships in a straight line, so when Persia arrived, they immediately attacked in the middle of the Athenian line of soldiers. This allowed for Athens to surround Persia, and Persia could not escape even though they had many more soldiers. The Greeks won the first battle known as the battle of Marathon. Many people say the Greeks were just lucky that they won because there were 30,000 Persians versus 10,000 Athens, but the Greeks outsmarted the Persians. During the battle of Thermopylae, it was estimated that Persians had about 100,000 troops and Greeks had about 30,000. In the battle, the number of troops did not matter, but the strategy that was used against the enemy matters because the Greeks won that way. The Strait of Salamis is where the Greeks lured the Persian ships and then smashed them using battering rams. The destroying of ships meant destruction of the supply line. The Persians had to retreat and later were defeated on land. This was a huge victory for the Greeks. The Greeks won the Persian War, which made the Persians not the greatest and most powerful army. The Greeks are now known as the greatest army, and not the Persians.
Opinion and Editorials
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Opinions of Art and Architecture In ancient Greece only men could take part in theatre. Women were allowed to watch the plays on special occasions but it was mostly a masculine thing to participate in. Women not being allowed to participate in theatre was relevant to Greek culture as well because Greece was a male-dominant country. It would not have made that much of a difference in today’s plays if women could be in them, but it shows how little power women had back then compared to men. Over time, women started to participate in plays as small roles. These small roles evolved into lead roles as women’s superiority to men decreased. Eventually both women and men had equal rights when it came to theatre. Greek theatre also contributed to how we set up our stage today. Now a days the audience's seats are on a slope and the stage is flat so everyone can see, but in ancient Greece it was the opposite. This caused a lot of problems with the actors trying to perform and keep their balance, so over time the Greeks decided that it would be more useful for the stage to be flat and the audience to be on a slant. Today we have stadiums that are set up in this way. A famous Greek play was Oedipus Rex written by Sophocles. Oedipus Rex was about a man that killed his father and married his mother without knowing. This play teaches about fate, and about the Oracle of Delphi who predicted the future. Oedipus Rex demonstrates how the Greeks thought, talked, and acted. Also, at the beginning it shows how the gods wanted power by having the goddess Hera go to the human world and threaten the town unless someone could answer the sphinx’s riddle. Oedipus answered correctly and became king of Ithaca. This play is still taught today since it is significant to Greek history. Without this play we wouldn’t know as much about Greek civilization. This story is not only helpful with understanding Greek culture but it helps us understand how the Greeks spoke to one another, and how one with authority would speak down on someone, showing superiority over all. Another way that we are able to recall Greek history is through paintings and sculptures. The paintings that Greeks painted on walls, pots, and buildings tell stories about all that happened back then.
This is a picture of the Greek amphitheater, where men would preformed plays or fighting scenes.
These are important because they provide a visual of what happened in ancient Greece instead of just historical writings. These paintings tell stories of the gods, wars, and agriculture. We would not know as much about Greek civilization without these paintings. Although most of these paintings are ruined with the science and technology we have today as we try to enhance them, we are able to tell what type of paint they used for them and what they looked like thousands of years ago. The stories they would tell have helped us in many ways as we are able to recall stories of the Greeks and their gods with them. Sculptures in ancient Greece were mostly of the gods. These sculptures help us understand what each god did, and how they were significant. Without these sculptures we would not know as much about the gods and how they helped keep Greece safe. Continue on page 4
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Opinion and Editorials Opinions of Art and Architecture Continued: These stories of the gods and goddesses have been a big contribution to today’s culture and society. We use old stories of the gods and making them more modern and popular. These stories have portrayed an image of what the gods looked like and did. The gods were used to explain things like weather, how things grow, the stars, the planets, and what happened after people died. This helped give Greeks an understanding of the natural world. Ancient Greek architecture is very important to modern architecture because many of the buildings we have today are based off of the Greek structures. The columns, arches, and designs can be seen on the government buildings in Washington D.C. They help support the building and add an elegant look to it. Without this inspiration for building our homes now we would not have as much support as they should and would not stay up. This style of decorating is used also to show how rich someone is. Someone with a lot of money is more likely to have columns and arches in front of their house than someone who is not as well off. We use them to show wealth now because back in ancient Greece columns and arches were used in temples, palaces, government buildings, and anything else of high power or dedication to the gods.
A famous building with the columns is the Parthenon. The Parthenon is a temple in Athens dedicated to the goddess Athena. The Parthenon is surrounded with decorative columns and shows a lot of the Greek architecture. This building is important because it is a dedication to the gods and it is very sacred. The Parthenon is on top of a mountain and the columns are building blocks stacked on top of each other. This helped us in today’s society because we use ideas like that to help build more modern buildings. Without the ancient Greeks we would not be as skilled as we are with building things and using devices like a lever or the pulley. We wouldn’t know how to keep the buildings upright and secure. Without these few things, in todays society we would not have the same amount of arts and entertainment. We use many of those ideas in more ways than people think like, movies come from theatre and architecture helps us keep our houses up. Theatre, art and sculptures, art and architecture are only a few of the many ways that the Ancient Greeks play a big part in todays society.
Daily Crossword
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Opinion and Editorials Women Rights Article: Sparta: Athens: The Athenian domination was but of course held in the male population. When it came to education, the men could begin schooling when they were small children only if they could afford it. Women however, were not given the option to receive an education at all under no circumstances. With education given to the men of Athens, the many options for a successful future presented itself to them. But what did the women have to aspire to? Become a housewife in most cases. The women of Athens managed the entire household when the men were at home as well as away. They spun and wove for their children and served as the house chef as well. Womens existence in public was secluded to none as they spent their days caring for the children and only leaving under certain circumstances. In Athens. this circumstance was for religious purposes. Women played a significant role in religion and political life. This was the only situation they were free to leave their homes. But heres the catch, they were only able to leave when escorted and guided places by their man. Now, the elephant in the room, would you chose the live inferior to your man?
In contrast to male superiority in Athens, women’s roles in the world of Sparta were different but equally unfair. Women of Sparta had a rigorous upbringing, expected to produce healthy children, sons in particular. This expectation, in preparation for war, meant the mother of the child had to be in top shape, alongside their husbands, in the hopes that their newborn child would resemble the two of them at birth. Besides being a woman of absurd muscle quantity, Spartan women were also expected to be of obedience to all men. They had rights to inherit property because that was their duty while the men were away at war, and also running the family estates, women could not do all as they pleased. In comparing the two we see that in Athens the freedom is limited as women are looked upon as fragile beings. Whereas in Sparta, the women are required to be strong and of perfect health when and even when not carrying a child. Now for the question of the hour. If this were you, a women of Greece, would you choose to be inferior to men as a fragile mother who laid low and cared for your children, or would you prefer to be inferior to men as a warrior? Continued on page 6 with an interview
Woman of Athens
This is a woman from Athens watering beautiful plants because there job is to take care of the house while their husbands fight in war.
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Opinion and Editorials Persian War Is won! By Ryan Kappelmann We Greeks have had our ups and downs with the three battles and now we have finally won! We defeated Darius I in Marathon, where we give all credit to the Athenians for their hard work and the strategic use of the Phalanx. In Thermopylae, Xerxes was a wild man and defeated us, but we rallied back knowing they would return. We give all our credit to Thermistocles, our hero who encouraged us to build ships in preparation for Salamis. Our preparation served us well as we successfully defeated the Persians. In an interview with Themistocles, I asked him “What gave you the idea to build ships?” He responded with, “The oracle of Delphi told me to build a wall of wood. I knew he wanted us to build ships for when the Persians attack again. We then started building and eventually, we had our war ships. Then they attacked and we won” “What is it like to be a hero to Greece now?” I asked “It is quite the honor, people are always wanting to talk to me and thank me,” he said. “Is there anything that you don't like about it?” I later asked him. “ It is kind of annoying that I always have people with me and never time on my own, but it is worth it. I love being a hero, it’s legendary!” He said. Continue on page 7 with a picture from the war
New movie film coming out this Friday called Explore Ancient Greece.
Women’s Rights Interview: To get an inside look on the lives of a women in both Athens and Sparta we interviewed two women, Adelpha of Athens, a mother of two with a husband currently away at war, and Callidora, a Spartan woman carrying a child and also with a husband at war. Journalist: So, Adelpha, you are a mother of two, the caretaker of your home, and a wife to a warrior, how does this all tie together? Adelpha: Um, well I would not say it is the hardest time for me, but it is certainly not easy. I do have two children yes, a seven year old boy and a four year old girl. My husband is not home for the majority of our years because there are wars after wars occurring that he is called to duty for. Journalist: Right, right, and during those long time periods of which he is away, how do you manage the kids, the house and the inability to leave? Adelpha: Well, you see it isn't that I can't leave my house entirely. If need be, I may leave for the sake of my children in an emergency. It is entirely a respect concept of which I am inferior to my husband when he is home as well as when he is away. Our culture is based solely on the respect regarding the standards of superiority between the men and the women. Journalist: Aha, I see now. So Adelpha, would you mind giving us an inside scoop on what a typical day in your life looks like? Adelpha: Well sure, but you have to pick either a day when my husband is home or when he is away because you see they are very different. Journalist: How about a day when he is away, so we can understand the immense physical and mental strength you must have. Adelpha: Chuckles. Well you see, I wake up in the morning by my mental alarm clock and check on my two sleeping children. Then, I tend to the goats and the cattle while they sleep in until about 8. When they wake up I have breakfast made which usually consists of a piece of bread and some hummus. Then as the morning progresses they wash themselves and I walk them to the school in town. On the walk home in the heat I stop to replenish our water jugs. When I return to our village there are chores to be done around the house, cleaning to avoid sickness, and food to be prepared for when the children return. I typically spend my late morning and into the afternoon doing these.
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Opinion and Editorials Kallipateira is caught!!
New Olympic Games
By Ryan Kappelmann By Ryan Kappelmann
The Greeks have just begun a new activity called the Olympics. So far, these Olympic games seem like a good idea. The stade is currently the only event in these games. This 200 yard foot race is entertaining, but it does get boring after awhile. The person in charge of creating the games, Zarek Alexios, needs to add more events. There is one competitor who is looking very good in the race, he goes by the name Kallipateira. He is looking very strong and could end up winning the Olympics. He, just like all the other strong competitors, is thought of as a hero to Greece. He is competing in a
robe/tunic along with all the other Olympians. This is a good idea that they compete in these tunics. They are not too warm, but allow some protection from the sun. These games are for men only. What would keep a woman who wanted to compete from dressing up as man? Funny, Kallipateira has very long hair. He almost looks like a girl. There are two younger boys who are also very fast and looking good in the games as well. We do not know there names, but they look a lot like Kallipateira, maybe he is there father? The next race is Saturday, and we will see if the big man Kallipateira can keep winning! Stay tuned for more more to come.
Kallipateira has just won another race, and the two other boys finished second and third. But, just after Kallipitatera won the race, his robe fell off and his disguise was gone. He is a woman!!!!She was
This is a picture of the few surviving Persians and Xerxes in the front as they watch in agony the Greeks destroying everything that they have in the Battle of Salamis
This shows the Stade being set up for the Olympics as the crowd get settled ready to cheer.
immediately disqualified and the two other boys who turned out to be her sons were the winners. What an embarrassment and dishonor! This is not right because she knew the rules and she didn't follow them. She should be severely punished. Some say, she should be thrown off the top of the stadium. It is obvious that women want to compete, so they should create an Olympics just for women. They deserve a chance to compete, get there own games and have their time to shine. Show them they deserve more! I had a chance to speak with her after she was caught. “Did you think this was going to work?� I asked her. Continue on page 8
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Opinion and Editorials Kallipateira is Caught: “I did, I thought it was a good idea and a good way to watch my sons compete. They worked really hard and now me, not being smart, might take away from their hard work, ” she said. “What do you think will happen to you now?” I then asked. “I have no idea. It is not looking good. I'm either going to jail for life, my sons are going to pay a penalty or I might be killed. This was an awful idea, but I feel as though I've taken a stand for womankind” She said Her trial starts tomorrow, and we will see if she still lives then.
Agrippas Papageorgiou, a 7 year old boy who was Kallipateira number 1 fan shows his disappointment after she was found to be a woman.
Kallipateira is Saved By Ryan Kappelmann
Just yesterday, Kallipateira was thought by some to be thrown off the stadium. We just got the word that she will be spared from death because her sons were champions in the games and there will be no penalty whatsoever. This was a good idea that she wasn't killed,
but there should be a smaller penalty, like jail, payment or have the olive branches taken away from her sons. I spoke with her right after her trial. “So, you're alive, no penalty and your sons are still champions. How happy are you right now?” I asked. “ Zeus was on my side today! I am so lucky. It was my fault. Me and my sons should have had some type of penalty, I could've been killed! This is the greatest day of my life. I'm alive and my sons are still champions like they deserve to be. My little heroes saved my life, and I love them so much,” she responded. Another new addition to the games is that the men now must compete naked, no tunics or anything. I do not agree with this. This is not smart, nor safe for the contestants because they could get seriously hurt. They should have to wear a smaller tunic so people can tell the competitors are men. Also, the Heraea Games have just been created. These are Olympics just for woman that celebrate the goddess Hera. This is great, its about time! Women have waited patiently and wanted to compete in the games, and now they finally can, good for them! This is a great start, but in time, I would like to have men and women competing in the same games.
Kallipateira’s son shows his excitement that his mother is alive.
New Games Added to Olympics By Ryan Kappelmann New games have just been added to the Olympics, it is no longer just the stade. They have just added pankration, boxing, wrestling, chariot racing and the pentathlon, which includes javelin, discus, long jump, a sprint and wrestling.
Continue on page 9
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Opinion and Editorials New Games Added to Olympics
Daily Weather Forecast 490 BC
This is just what the Olympics needed! What an improvement! You could tell the Olympics needed more because people were getting tired of just the stade. Its like the Olympics creator Zarek Alexios could hear us and listened! The new Olympics have been even more entertaining than before.. It is almost magical, seeing everyone competing for their city-state with a smile on their face and having a great time. Way to go Olympics! Can’t wait for the next games to take place! This only changed in men’s Olympics, the Heraean Games a still only have multiple foot races. Over time, hopefully, these will change too. Women’s games are just as important as men’s so they should have the same events as well.
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Persian War & Battle of Marathon
Created by: Katya Fons Greek Olympian Ofilius Kanopolis competes in the new Olympic games