Humanities History - Ancient Greek Newspaper

Athenian Tribune World News Interview with Leonidas and Themistocles By: Boden Dock

As you can see Leonidas was brutally honest throughout his interview, but in the end the true winner of the battle of Thermopylae was the Persians.

The Battle of Salamis and Thermopylae were a big part of the Persian war. There were big players in these wars. Leonidas and Themistocles are big leaders in the wars, we will get up close and personal, and ask them a few questions about their positive and negative experiences during their times in the war. First, let's talk about the battle of Thermopylae. Leonidas was the leader of an army of 300 men and we got to have a chance to ask him a couple of questions.

There were many effects after the Persian War. Some of these effects were that the Greeks after winning the war got an enlargement on their egotistical ways. The Greeks now thought the gods were on their side. Also Athens emerged as the new leader of the Greek world. Then the Delian League was created, the league was created and led by the Athens with other city-states. They were led to the Athenian Empire. Athens also used other city-states money to rebuild themselves after the war.

This picture is from the battle of Salamis which was won on water. The Greeks used boats and lured the Persians in a small body of water and used their boats to ram the Persians to the ground, when they did this the Persians started to run out of supplies and needed to head back home to regroup.

Leonidas of Sparta Press: Good Evening Leonidas Leonidas: Thanks for having me, it’s an honor.

Let’s get this thing going.

Press: Leonidas why did you lead an army of 300?

Leonidas: I led this army because it was a job.

I knew that these men were going to die anyway, but they knew what they signed up for.

Press: That’s a great answer, it was not expected but I liked it.

Leonidas: I am brutally honest person.

Press: Next question, what were some positive things that you saw during your time in the war?

Leonidas: Umm, that’s a very good question, there was a lot of great people I met during my time in the war. Even though most of them died at some point.

Press: So it that a mostly positive experience?

Leonidas: Sure you could say that.

Press: Any negatives?

Leonidas: The whole war was a negative.

Many of my friends died. Who ever said there was no such thing as a stupid question is a moron. I’m done no more questions.

Press: Thank you for your time.

Leonidas: Thanks for wasting mine.

The battle of Salamis was a battle like no other. There were great strategies and a great leader named Themistocles. He was the almighty leader who created a great army to take down the Persians. In the end, the Greek Alliance won the fight using various strategies on water. The Greeks lured ships into a small canal and took them out with battering rams.

We got a chance to interview the great Themistocles and ask him a couple questions about him and this war and we got some great responses, they were than Leonidas and his answers.

Press: Themistocles thank you so much for coming in for an interview.

Themistocles: It’s my pleasure to inform today’s society on my success.

Press: So let’s start with the basics, why did you think you could create a fleet and beat the Persians?

Themistocles: I thought I could create a fleet to beat the Persians because I am the greatest of all time, and it’s not so hard to beat a bunch of Persians.

Press: Are you throwing some shade at the Persians because they lost.

Themistocles: Totally because the Persians are trash.

Press: That is a bold statement. Next question, what are going to do now that the war is over?

Themistocles: I’m going to settle down, and find a forever home, get married and have children.

Press: That is very interesting, thank you for your time.

Themistocles: Anytime.

Delian League, founded in 478 B.C. To end this fantastic article I’m going to leave you a few questions. What would our society look like today if the Greeks lost the Persian War? The answer to this is quite simple, our world would be a mess, the world today would have no peace.

There would be no sports, no art, and no education. The next question is, if Leonidas and Themistocles were not alive during that time, would that have impacted the war at all, would the Persians have won the war or would the Greeks still come out on top? I think that the if those leaders were not alive that the Greeks would have lost the war and our world would look completely different. I feel like our world would feel like being in prison.

Themistocles of Athens

World News Shang Yang’s Reform —- A great reform which had great impact on society and history.

Jolie Chen Athenian Tribune

I’ve been working in China as a correspondent and was sent by a Greek news agency for almost two decades. Because Chinese is my second language, it made it much easier to work in China. During the warring states period, The state of Qin was unified and entered the Golden Age in which the economy and politics improved. I witnessed lots of great changes taking place in China. The prosperity of Qin couldn’t be separated from the contribution of a politician.

When I first came to China, this person was already famous. I heard about crowds of people talking about him when I worked in Xianyang, the capital city of Qin, which made me wanna know more about him. After doing lots of research, I eventually knew who he was. His name was Shang Yang, who tried many times to persuade the leader of Qin to listen to his advice on enriching the national power and making China rich with military power. Soon, Shang Yang became the official of Qin government.

Shang Yang’s portrait.

In 356B.C. Qin Xiaogong, the leader of Qin, wanted to reinforce reform, but he was concerned that citizens would oppose his ideas. So he asked all his officials to negotiate the reform in order to find a solid ground to work with. Shang Yang came up with several good suggestions which were appreciated by Qin Xiaogong.

Hence, he led Shang Yang to take control on the reform. In order to improve my resident journalism career in China, I decided to make lots of effort to do well on this topic and make my boss proud.

A

s I needed to get more detail information about Shang Yang’s reform, I spent a lot of time asking my friend who worked in Qin’s government to help me update the news of Shang Yang’s plan. A week later, Shang Yang held a “press conference” in Xianyang. He issued and published a decree which opened the prelude to the reform. Its main contents were: stimulating agricultural production, restraining business development, remodeling social values, weakening privileges of the nobles and officials, and implementing a unified tax rent system.

The story of the wooden stick.

So I went downtown to inquire more about the contents of the reform.

When I passed by a market, there was a bunch of people surrounding a tall wooden stick. Stepping closer, a man was standing in front of the stick and said, “If someone moves this stick to the north gate of this market, I will give him ten taels gold!” But nobody trusted him. “Ok! 50 taels of gold!”

He said louder. A young man stepped forward charily and carried the heavy stick to the north gate. He immediately was given 50 tales of gold. The man who gave him the gold was Shang Yang. I promptly thought of his intention of doing this which was trying to show citizens that he could suit the action to the word."Only 50 taels of gold! The fact caught the attention of the public and help him to gain the trust from crowds. Shang Yang was such a clever man! If we do well in this topic, It will be the best column in our newspaper!” I said to my partner.

Shang Yang is reading his reform.

In the eyes of the Greeks during that period, it seemed not to be wise to impose restrictions on business development, but it was definitely a good choice for China at that time. For farming system, people with some experience in agriculture could easily estimate the harvest of this year after watching the growth of farmers’ crops and how much tax they should pay.

However, for businessmen, it was not so simple during that time. Going on business trips was required for them which made their annual income very unstable and reduced people’s living standard.

Continued on page 2

World News This was certainly a detriment to the country’s economic interests.

Moreover, businessmen who were abroad for a long time would naturally be influenced by foreign ideas and institutions. When they returned to their own country, they would probably be threatened by the rule of the government.

I noted that his act of restraining commercial development was for a reason. Once the circulation and sales of commodities were controlled by the unofficial, a significant amount of exchangeable material would be accumulated in private hands, and a civilian force would threaten the central government.

This shift of power would disrupt the official state economic system and substantially weakened the state's control over the civilians. Therefore, people’s choice was very limited.

Life was monotonous, but the resources and wealth have been highly concentrated at the national level, thus forming an unparalleled external power.

I still remembered the days after the decree was promulgated, it led to a great impact on the society. All the news agency in China reported the reform and put as the headlines. My friend worked in the Qin’s government told me Qin Xiaogong were really happy with the results of the reform and the Shang Yang might implement the second reform.

As expected, on the basis of the first successful reform, Qin Xiaogong ordered Shang Yang to continue the reform which was a step forward.

People were arguing the reform

This time, Shang Yang was more focused on agriculture. He announced the government would radically established the private ownership of land and reward farming and weaving which helped bring vitality to the agricultural production of Qin, and it also provided continuous supplies for the army of Qin. In military, government would greatly improve the combat effectiveness of the Qin. Unified measurement and balance system was also a part of the reform. This not only improved the development of the Qin industry and agriculture, but also provided many unified standard weapons for the army. Shang Yang reached his goal. The reform has greatly promoted people to work for the country in order to survive and develop.

T

hrough the reform, the state of Qin abolished the old system and established a new system to adapt to the social and economic development.

However, in the process of executing the reform, Shang Yang despised teaching and advocated the heavy punishment of misdemeanour, which aggravated the exploitation and oppression of the people, and brought enormous suffering to the public.

In any case, I think Shang Yang’s reform was still successful. In my opinion, the success of the reform is not only attributed to Shang Yang's ability to govern, but also the full support of Qin Xiaogong. Another important factor is that the Qin didn’t rely on the aristocracy and didn’t give them real power. At that time, some states like Wei and Chu were implementing reform too. However, their aristocracy controlled the military and political power which led it to its dead end in their own hands.

Shang Yang talked about the second reform

Shang Yang’s reform was a feudal movement in the warring states period which conformed to the trend of the development of feudal history and promoted the transformation of slave society to feudal society. I think the reform conformed to the interests of the new landlord class as well, and also greatly promoted the progress of the society.

Shang Yang and Qin Xiaogong

World News Learning about a popular religion called Hinduism - What is it and how is it celebrated in India?

Morgan Bussiere Athenian tribune I have been working for the newspaper for many years, and I have traveled many places learning about different countries and cultures around the world. In September, I was on a boat on my way to Japan to learn more about their culture, and way of life. It started off as a beautiful clear day but that soon changed. The waves started to get higher, and very rough. All of a sudden, the boat started sinking. I looked towards the stern of the boat, and saw it slowly sinking. The captain told us that a rescue boat from India would help us get to shore.

This was something that I was really scared of, me and the other passengers were given life jackets and were told to jump off the side of the boat if we wanted to live. So, I jumped and landed in the surprisingly warm water, and waited for the other boat to come help us safely to shore. After an hour, the rescue boat found us, and helped us get to mainland to get something to eat and drink. It soon began to get dark out as we were setting up where we were staying overnight.There were people laughing and celebrating something that me and the other passengers could not figure out. It was late in the evening, and I could only see people chanting and yelling and women dancing in big colorful dresses. The whole town was colorfully decorated. There were many sculptures of people that were also very colorful and were very tall.

I only spoke some Hindi, and I finally worked up the courage to ask someone what they were celebrating.

She said that they were celebrating all the manifestations of the goddess Durga, who is also known as Devi and Shakti.”

I soon learned that this is a very popular Hindi festival. I was eager to learn more about this very popular religion, but I needed to rest after the long and stressful day.

The next day I decided to meet up with a someone who practiced Hinduism. I was told to go to a Hinduism temple, which was extremely tall with very vibrant colors. It was very decorative, and had many sculptures of people who wore very strange bright colored costumes. It was called the Meenakshi Hindu temple. I interviewed many Hindu people about how they practiced their religion.

the Meenakshi Hindu temple

I asked a women about the meaning of Hinduism, and she said that Hindu people have an advanced system of philosophy, meaningful rituals, theology, and ethics. Hinduism is labeled by a belief in reincarnation called Samsara. They also told me about a big collection of spiritual laws that have been discovered at different points in its long history.

The laws aren’t written down yet, but they are passed on orally. I also learned that the Hindu festival that I experienced was not the only one, and that there are actually many other festivals too. I continued to make my way through the temple and saw more people praying and worshipping their gods. I approached a woman and asked her what gods she was worshipping and praying for.

Woman praying in a temple

She said that she is praying for many different gods. She also said that people can have different beliefs for different gods. I asked her if Hindi people were required to attend the temple and pray or worship a certain way, and she told me that temple attendance, the study of certain texts, and knowledge is not required.Worship can be conducted anywhere and there are no rules. I suddenly realized what Hinduism is really about. It’s about freedom, and to have freedom in what you believe in and which god you choose to worship. It’s amazing how a religion can mean so much to these people. I really loved learning about Hinduism and I loved the Indian experience. I’m actually not that mad that the boat had sunk, and that me and other passengers had to jump out. It was definitely worth the experience.

One of the Hinduism symbols

World News Learning about Buddha - Who was he and what did he do?

I have recently traveled to India to gather news to add to this newspaper. While gathering information I heard many people speak of a man by the name of Siddhartha Gautama. This interested me so I approached the group of people discussing the subject and questioned them. They told me that they don't have the details about the great Siddhartha Gautama but can supply me with some info. They told me he was born in Lumbini, Nepal and that he was known as the Buddha and that his teachings were the core of Buddhism. They also said that their community was founded by Siddhartha Gautama himself. I asked them what had happened after he had died. They said that after he died The community slowly started to evolve into a religious-like movement.

I was really determined to get more information so I went in and asked for the man the people spoke of.

They told me he was on break and to meet him at the back of the building. I went there and found him, he must have been a doctor by the look of his outfit. I approached him and said that people recommended me to see him about Siddhartha Gautama. He chuckled and said that there is not much really to say. He said that there was not really any information and that the information that was there was scarce. I sighed and said okay almost ready to leave when he stopped me. He said to wait because there was information just not much of it. So I stayed and was ready to listen. He started off with why he decided to become a doctor. He said that Siddhartha Gautama was a prince and never really experienced anything in the out side world. He had never really seen disease, death, or people with illnesses. That was until Siddhartha Gautama was seen someone dying was concerned. He wanted to help people and make cures for all illnesses and human suffering and what caused it.

I asked the man where he went in search for this cure. He chuckled and said that he went and sat under a tree until he found perfect enlightenment.

Siddharta Gautama sitting under the tree

That is when he became known as Buddha. That is where the man's knowledge came to and end about Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha). I left India that day knowing who Siddhartha Gautama was and was very grateful that Alex knew as much information as he did.

The great Buddha statue in India A statue of the Buddha

I tried to get more information out of the group of people but they had no further knowledge about the subject. They sent me to a man by the name of Alex who had spent his life researching Siddhartha Gautama. So that is where I went the next day. I met Alex at a hospital in India, it was a strange place to meet someone but I thought passed that.

Siddharta Gautama sitting on his throne

That is what inspired me to become a doctor‌ to help people, save lives and figure out the reasons for illnesses. Hearing this made me even more curious, I wanted to know more.

Interview of Alexander the Great

World News

Page 6

Alexander- Well I think the key to our By: Nat Barber

victory was our heavy cavalry as well as Alexander- Well Mr. Barber the thing

our use of the phalanx formation, which

Mr. Barber- Hello Alexander how are you doing today?

Alexander (seen left)-

is that during this time I was pretty

historically these two things have not been

overwhelmed, I mean I just became

used together. Also looking back to the

king of an empire and as you can

Greco-Persian war, the Persians did not do

Well Mr. Barber I’m

probably imagine I was utterly

well against the phalanx, it was true then

doing great.

confused. When I started conquering

and it is true now.

Mr. Barber- Oh that's great, so I have a

other places, most of what I was

Mr. Barber- So on the topic of past

couple questions for you, are you ready?

thinking was, I want to make my

battles, what were you feeling during the

Alexander- Ready as I’ll ever be.

father proud, I want to continue his

Siege of Tyre, how frustrated were you?

Mr. Barber- Perfect, so to start things off,

legacy and I want to make

Alexander- The Siege of Tyre was hard on

I heard something about you being taught

Macedonian great.

me and my men. They didn’t accept my

by Aristotle for 3 or so years, could you

Mr. Barber- Can you talk a bit about

negotiations, and so I commenced the

talk a little bit about that and just sum up

the Gordian Knot?

siege. For seven months we fought, and I

what you learned and how this impacted

Alexander- This is one of my favorite

ended up building a kilometer long

your life?

subjects personally. I think that it is

causeway to try and reach the island where

Alexander- Well that is a great question

interesting that nobody thought to cut

Trye was. Once we got close to the walls

actually because I think that Aristotle

or use a tool to figure it out. I don’t

the water got deeper and it became harder

changed me in ways I could never have

think I cheated, there weren’t really

to make the causeway. They started sailing

imagined. When I first started taking

any rules, it was just stated that

fire ships towards the causeway that we

lessons from him, I was bored, but as time

anyone who could unravel the knot

had and they made it increasingly hard to

went on got me to develop a love of

would be destined to rule all of Asia.

reach their walls. After recognizing that I

learning, reading, and writing. He also

Now I think that I am doing well

wasn’t going to capture the city without a

introduced me to philosophy and politics,

moving towards that goal.

navy, I mustered a navy from surrounding

and I’m glad he did because I have been

Mr. Barber- In the

cities and towns and finally captured the

using these skill often since then. Aristotle

Battle of Issus

city. It was a very stressful and annoying

and I kept in touch after I became King,

between you and

time and in a fit of anger, I destroyed half

and I think of him as a good friend.

Darius III (seen right) could you talk

of the city of Tyre.

Mr. Barber- Now I heard that you

about the strategy you used to defeat

Mr. Barber- That is very interesting, now

inherited the throne of Macedonia when

the Persian army even when they had

you were 20, what were you thinking at

superior numbers?

what about the final battle between you

Continued on page 7

World News

Page 7

and Darius III, what happened and

gave him the funeral of a king.

Mr. Barber- This is good to hear, I

how did the Persians, who had every

Mr. Barber- You are honorable, do

can’t wait to see the Macedonian

advantage, lose?

you think that comes from never

Empire expand. Well, Alexander, it

Alexander- Well I think it is

having lost a battle in your life?

was wonderful talking with you, and I

important to remember that the Battle

Alexander- I think that being

look forward to talking with you again.

of Gaugamela was an important time

undefeated is a huge factor of how

Thank you for your time.

for my army. They were ready to

honorable I am. If I had lost battles

Alexander- It was my pleasure.

crush the Persians, and it also

before then I would have been spiteful

important to note that the Persians

and less respectful of the enemy, but

were tired, and had been up all night,

now I do not have any grudges against

waiting for a night attack. My men,

my enemy, every one of my enemies

however, were well rested and fed. I

fought honorably, and should be

Shortly after this interview Alexander

think the decisive factor was when

treated like the heroes that they are.

the Great died of an unknown disease.

Darius III sent his scythed chariots

Mr. Barber- These things you are

towards the center of my lines. When

telling me, unfortunately, we are

our ranks opened and merely

going to have to wrap this interview

enveloped them and defeated them so

up, but before we do I have one more

easily, I think Darius III seeing this

question for you?

fled the battle, which destroyed the

Alexander- Ask away

morale of his men. That is the reason

Mr. Barber- Alexander you are 31

we won the battle, because of the

years old, what do you plan on doing

capability of Macedonian officers and

with your empire, will you continue

troops, and the superior tactics of my

your campaign?

army.

Alexander- I don’t want to stop until

Mr. Barber- I admit I didn’t know

the world is under the control of

much about this battle, but it seems to

Macedonia, and so my next plans will

me like it was a glorious victory.

involve conquering Arabia, and then

Alexander- I agree, and I think that it

moving on to the rest of the world. I

is important to note that my army did

do not see my campaign ending until I

not disrespect the dead king. After

die, which I’m sure will not be for a

finding the body of Darius III I

long time.

Mr. Barber- Well thanks again and good luck on your invasion of Arabia, I’m sure you won’t need it.

Alexander the Great’s Empire at the time of his death.

He never did get to conquer Arabia.

World News What causes to violence in civilizations, rebellions, religions, or even in locally in towns around the world?

By: Lily Bisbee

Upon research, for the majority,

violence is caused by influence and outside circumstances. Most protest groups, peaceful or violent, are started when a leader, or group of people want to change something, and want to be heard. Occasionally, some want change so badly that they’re willing to become uncontrollable and could hurt people in order to get what they want, whether it’s something like protesting for your rights, or starting a new society based off of your own ideas on how things should be run.

Recently, I traveled east on a boat to a region called Latium, and found a strange civilization in a place they called Rome. They called themselves the Romans, and live very strangely.

Upon interviewing them, I found that they are allies with Persia, and are very violent and are driven by their efforts in training for their troops.

I interviewed a small group of people for a while, and besides the odd differences in our cultures, the thing that stuck with me the most was when they recounted the legend of how their country was formed - the legend of Romulus and Remus.

Romulus and Remus being saved from a local shepherd.

Romulus and Remus were twins who were thrown in the river as babies, in order for their relatives to keep power as they grew up.

Traveling up the river, they were founded and raised by Shepherds, and eventually founded a town where they were saved. They were savage, and had no remorse for killing family members, if it meant that they could win, and have their way.After building a wall around the city that Romulus chose, Remus jumped over it and was brutally killed by his brother for betrayal and mockery of the wall.

Romulus and Remus fighting over where to start their new civilization.

Knowing their origin, we have some evidence of their morals as a society are definitely different than ours, and that they could be a serious threat to us. After I traveled to Rome, I also visited Veii, a small town nearby. There, I met another group of people, who called themselves the Etruscans. Their origin is still unknown to them, but they know that the founders were either settlers from Anatolia, or northern Europe. They honor 3 types of gods; Greek, Italian, and their own gods, and derived lots of practices and ideas from the Greeks.

These people lead fascinating and diverse lives like ours, and we can learn a lot from it. They wore semicircular cloaks draped over their left shoulder, and participated in sacrifices and rituals to commemorate the gods, like dividing a sheep’s liver into 16 regions for each deity or heaven.

Their traditions and values are mostly derived from other cultures and civilizations, similar to ours.

Example of Etruscan art.

The etruscans can be violent, and often sacrificed prisoners to the gods, but are also artistic. They made sculptures in terracotta, and different kinds of bronze, like wall paintings, or printings.

Most of their work, sport and art, connected to their religion, and most of their actions were done from their dreams and hopes of the afterlife, and their cherished gods.

Etruscans seem to be somewhat peaceful people, and don’t seem like they could be a threat to us in the nearby future. Unlike the Romans, they are not allies with Persia, and aren’t hazardous to our society, but if they can sacrifice their own people in order to please their gods, we don’t know for a fact that they are or are not harmless to

Etruscan war helmet.

Continued on Page 9

World News Understanding Zoroastrianism By: Lily Bisbee While doing research for writing this article, a fellow journalist brought to my attention that a new religion is beginning practice in the Persian empire. It’s called Zoroastrianism, and has an original outlook on the world and human fate. People who follow Zoroastrianism believe in one god, and is overall an optimistic religion, despite the unavoidable negativity of human struggles and the maltreatment of its followers.

Ahura Mazda; god of light, and pureness.

Zoroaster, an intelligent prophet, is the man who founded this religion, and says that there is only one god, Ahura Mazda, who originally created and is currently maintaining the universe.

They also believe that Ahura is allowing humans to make their own choices; therefore making themselves responsible for whatever mistakes they make. However, Ahura will forgive their followers for their sins if the people confess them, and realize their wrongdoing. They also believed that Angra Mainyu was extremely evil, and was the god of darkness and cruelty; the complete opposite of Ahura.

It also meant that negativity and suffering is their fault too - not based on the god’s choices.

I walked in, and stood in the back corner with someone resembling a priest. He explained to me that the ceremony was an initiation for a young child, around the age of 7, accepting the faith of Zoroastrianism. I sat quietly and watched as he finished reciting a prayer that I didn’t recognize.

Angra Mainyu; the god of darkness and

Unlike other religions that currently exist, Zoroastrianism is based on the independence of the people who follow it, unlike those that judge your decisions and force you to follow specific rules and practices that you may not like. Hearing about this new religion, I dropped everything, and took the next boat to Persia. I was scared about them finding out that I’m from Greece, and that they could imprison me, but I took the chance to try to learn more about what it’s actually like to live a Zoroastrian lifestyle. When I got there, I traveled for days trying to discreetly find somebody who could tell me something unique about it.

I finally came across a small building that looked similar to places of worship back home in Greece. I knocked on the door, and asked the person hiding behind the door if I could come in and have something to drink, and although hesitant at first, he opened the door for me and welcomed me with hospitality despite the fact that I was interrupting an important ceremony. Zoroastrians lived by “Humata, Hukhta, Hvarshta”, which translates to “Good thoughts, good words, good deeds”. This emphasizes Zoroastrians independence in the universe, and that their experiences of goodness and happiness depends on how they live their lives.

Another man wearing an all white uniform approached the boy, and handed him a shirt sewn in the front and back, with a pouch around his neck, and under his chin. The priest called it a Sudre, and it symbolizes the past and future of all Zoroastrians, and also brought out an individual’s awareness of time, and opportunity.

Next, he handed him a thin scarf called a Kusti, that was made of 72 strands of a lamb’s wool that each had a

Navjote Ceremony: ceremony accepting faith of Zoroastrians.

respective purpose.

The ceremony soon ended, and I talked to many of the people who were involved, and why they followed Zoroastrianism, and what they cherished the most about it. I learned a lot from these people, and how much they admire their gods for allowing them to be pure, and lead happy and peaceful lives with chances to have incomprehensible amounts of freedom. Unlike the Romans, these people are very unlikely to harm us, and we can learn a lot from their culture and beliefs.

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Local News Weather Forecast By: Grace Skelton

WEATHER-Surprise surprise, today is going to be hot and dry, again. The temperature will be around 35ºC. Try to stay out of the sun and drink lots of water. This week’s forecast shows that we will be receiving a heatwave this coming weekend. Temperature will soar to 43ºC with highs of 46ºC. Until then there will be scattered clouds. If you were planning on doing any activities outside this weekend, I suggest you do them before the high temps arrive. The nights will thankfully drop down a little to 21ºC. Watch out for those sunburns and try to stay cool in the shade.

There is a heatwave coming which will only make it more dry than it already is.

New Local Bakery By: Grace Skelton

There has recently been a new shop added to the Agora of Athens. It is situated in between the shoemakers and the fish sellers. The new shop will be a bakery. The owners are fairly new to the city.

They used to live farther out beyond the city walls in Kessariani. The couple, Darius and Meagan, decided to make the move specifically to open up this baked goods shop. The two both grew up baking around their houses with their mothers. When they met seven years ago they bonded over their mutual love for this activity. Often Darius would help Meagan bake the goods at night and then in the morning, he would go off to his job trading in the marketplace.

During the day, Meagan would clean the house and sell as much of the bread as she could by going to the potter’s market.

This is a photo of barley bread that Darius and Meagan made.

Now they will both get to work in the bakery selling their pastries. We got a chance to talk to the two of them and asked them what they were most excited about. They answered, “I think the thing we’re most excited about is the chance to run our own business and getting the chance to make money off of what we love. There aren’t many people who get to combine their hobby and making money.” The bakery is planning to open in less than 14 days. Darius and Meagan would like to encourage everyone to stop by and try some of their delicious treats, especially their specialty, barley bread.

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House Fire By: Grace Skelton

ATHENS- There was a large fire on the edge of town last night. We were able to get in touch with the owners of the home, Iola and Tristan Zenon.

The two think that the fire started because their slave was not tending to the stove carefully enough and then that led to a small fire.

We asked their slave, who would like to remain anonymous, why she thought the fire escalated from just a small little oven fire to one that destroyed her whole home. She responded, “Well my first instinct was to put out the fire.

But I didn’t have any water handy, the first thing I grabbed was a broom. Which I then started whacking the fire with. As you can imagine this broom made of straw and wood only made the fire burn brighter. I tried my hardest to extinguish it, but the next thing

The Zenon’s house burned down after their wood oven caught fire.

I knew, the whole house went up in flames around me. My masters were in their bedroom getting ready for bed and had no idea what was going on. I remember them coming out of their room but not being able to go anywhere because of the flames. I thought that that was it, I was just going to be stuck in the middle of the house dying while they were stuck in their room unable to escape through a window or door. But then all of a sudden there was a pounding on the wall and in ran a large man. He had two large pails of water that he was using to put the fire out around

He was coughing a good deal as he carried me out and laid me on the gently on the ground. He turned around and charged back inside to get my masters, the Zenons. Everything was a blur to me after that.”

It appears that no one was seriously injured only some basic smoke damage and small burns.

The one-story house now lays in a pile of rubble on the ground. The Zenons said, “No we will not punish her for the mistake she made. She has been loyal to our family for many years and she doesn’t deserve it.”

The couple is now living with his parents until they can rebuild their house. They are thankful to the man that saved them. After he saved them, he immediately left. They would now like to know who he is. If you have any information please let the Zenons know.

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Obituaries Obituary of Lilith Floros

Obituary of Nestor Linard

By: Grace Skelton

ATHENS-Lilith Floros died on July 15, 407 B.C. after giving birth to her daughter.

Beloved wife of Adrian Floros, who was by her side through everything. Lilith enjoyed singing music, gardening, and being in nature. She was born in Sparta, the youngest of four with three older brothers.

Her mother too, died while giving birth to who was supposed to be Lilith’s younger sister. Lilith grew up being the woman of the house while all of her brothers went to school and training. She met her husband Adrian when she was 13. Just 6 months later the two were happily married. Another happy 2 years went by. The two were content doing what they loved, which was spending time together and enjoying being the outside world. Then Lilith got pregnant. Going into her birth, it looked like she was successfully going to give birth to a child. But sadly Lilith passed, though her child survived. Lilith’s kind spirit will be missed by all in the community and not seeing her outside in her garden will be sad.

By: Grace Skelton

Nestor Linard age 23 was killed this past week.

Lilith Floros died giving birth to her daughter yesterday.

ATHENS- Nestor Linard was killed on July 12, 407 B.C. Linard was 23 when he was killed by Davos Mavros. The two had gotten into an argument while at a local bar. They were fighting over a woman. It quickly escalated and Mavros ended up stabbing Linard.

Linard grew up in a household with 3 other people, his parents and younger sister. He attended schooling through all grades. Once he finished school he went on to become a fisherman. He was very successful at that. Linard was known around town as one of the greatest fishermen. He knew the correct places to go to get the most fish possible. He was predeceased by his father Cylon Linard. He died of a heart attack at age 40, two years ago. His mother Calliope Linard is currently living with her daughter, Theia, who is recuperating from these two loses. Linard will be missed by all.

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Obituaries Continued

By Cora Younk

ATHENS- Diadromes Anastos, was killed at the young age of 33 years old. He died in the battle of Salamis and his body had been found recently on July 12. The battle of Salamis took place in the Strait of Salamis where the Greeks fought the Persians. Diadromes died young, risking his life for us in battle. The ship he was on sunk, leaving many people at the bottom of the sea. Diadromes lived his whole life in Athens.

He was a proud supporter of everything Athens does and was enthusiastic to work for the city he loved. He had a wife and two kids who live on the outskirts of the city. Diadromes loved his kids very much and he will be missed by them. His son, having survived the battle mourns the loss of his beloved father and is thankful for knowing him as long as he did.

His wife, Adrasteia and daughter, Aglea are also very upset, saying, “It’s very tragic how someone so great has passed. He was not only a proud warrior, but a great father and husband.” He will be missed and may his memory live on. A burial ceremony will be held this coming weekend at 2:00 pm in the west cemetery, here in Athens. It is open to all.

Help Wanted

By Cora Younk

Baker and Cleaner Needed A new bakery has opened between the shoemaker's shop and the fish sellers place (for more information see the article). The bakery is called “Cafe Athens”. We are looking for people to work part or full time. We need another baker because we currently only have one. We also need two people who can clean the kitchen after we are done for the day and prepare the bread and other goods to be sold. Also, we need two people to run the cart in the town square.

This bakery is owned by a couple that is new to town and are hoping to do well with their bakery in Athens. The date set to open is July 26 and we are hoping to have a full staff by then. If you would like to apply, please stop into the shop, once again it is between the shoemaker and the fish shop. We hope to see many new faces there.

Transportation Assistant and Waitress Needed Dionysus’ Trading co.is currently down some people and are looking for some new staff members.

Our shop is located two shops down from the new bakery opening. We have been there for two years and just lost people who do very important jobs. We need people to serve the wine to the customers in our local shop. As well as that we need people working in the trading warehouse. We need delivery men for the wine who are willing to take it to the people we trade with. The distance may be far, but we are offering good money for your travels and free wine. The places we trade with are: Crete, Rhodes, and Lesvos.

If you are interested in working at “Dionysos’ trading co.” Please come to our shop and put in your name.

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Upcoming Events Festivals in Athens

By Cora Younk

The most recent festival that passed was the festival to honor the beautiful Athena: the Panathenaea. It had been four years since the last one and the anticipation had been building up.

Everybody brought their sacrifices and the ceremony was full of lively people who are excited to watch the Olympic Games. There were many sacrifices brought and we are hoping that Athena will graciously accept them from us and everyone. Even poor people have brought wonderful sacrifices. The women of Athens are excited to be out of the house celebrating and honoring Athena. We heard from a lot of brilliant speakers during this festival while they read their epic poems and sang of tales from long ago. We’re hoping we have pleased Athena. This holiday may have been entertaining, but the latest festival

taking place in Athens is for the harvest. The festival starting this week will be to praise and celebrate Demeter, who we all know as the goddess of the harvest. It will last 21 days and the festivities will begin with a sacrifice of a pig on this Monday. The march through the cities will be entertaining and there will be a race held, along with singing competitions, plays and speeches read to honor the gods.

The race will be held in the town square. We have many racers this year competing to entertain the gods. The newcomer is named Cratinus and is in his 20’s. He seems to be a

promising runner and we hope that he will win the race, entertaining the gods and blessing our harvest for this year. The contest for the singing competition will be held in the building in the west corner of the town square and will we will hear from many wonderful voices.

Good luck to all who participate.

We are hoping from this festival that Demeter the wonderful goddess of the harvest will bless our crops for this season. The competitions will hopefully entertain our wonderful gods that look down upon us with great happiness, leaving us with a wonderful and plentiful harvest this year.

(Towns people enjoying the festivities in Athens)

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WARS The Battle of Salamis

By Cora Younk

After the first two battles in the Persian wars, Marathon and Thermopylae the third one has turned out to be one of the most successful for the Greeks.

Having been defeated before, the outcome of this battle did not seem to be in our favor. The battle of Salamis though, could be one of the best fights ever fought, all men in this battle are truly outstanding.

They have sunk the Persian ships, making it look easy to the rest of us. Using their skills of battle, they lured the Persians into a narrow waterway: the strait of Salamis where it is difficult to escape quickly.

With the use of underwater bartering rams, they proceeded to sink the Persians ships in the waterway where they were trapped. Xerxes, the Persian leader, son of Darius watched as his fleets sunk deep into the bottom of the sea.

(A map of the where the war took place)

We can all thank the God, Poseidon for this beautiful win along with Ares for this wonderful victory that has been brought upon us.

Not only have we won a great battle, but we have also ended the Persians invasions and attacks on us. Xerxes has been forced to return back to his land, having been defeated, in what should be the last attack from the Persians.

Hopefully Xerxes has learned to stop invading, because most of the time the city-states will stand up for each other.

The Persian wars are believed to be over and now we can focus on the festival coming up and the Olympic Games.

There has been many lives lost in this war and there will be a ceremony for them this coming week. We are hoping to honor the fallen soldiers from the Persian wars. If you would like to come, we strongly encourage you to bring your friends and family because it is open to all. We thank all who have served and we are thinking about the families that have lost their loved ones in these wars.

POLITICAL NEWS The First Democracy By: Jamie Ray

Cleisthenes, the champion of Athens, has just announced that he has set up the council of 500 people. All members will be ordinary citizens over the age of 30 and they will be chosen randomly. The council will review laws considered by the assembly and supervise the whole government in Athens. This will be the first real legislature, or group that debates laws before deciding to approve or reject them. People think this is a great step forward in the path towards a good government. They also believe that Cleisthenes deserves a statue to commemorate his contribution to this great cause. How great would it be for so many people to have a voice in government and be able to pick their candidates and decide on laws. Even poor people can finally be represented and happy about their government.

Cleisthenes has made a huge impact in this fight to achieve democracy. However, this government is still only a limited democracy. The only people who can participate are citizens, and citizens can only be landholding men. What about women, slaves, and merchants? Have we simply decided that they don’t matter?

Our society would not function without them and we can’t take them for granted. Some citizens think that this is an issue that Cleisthenes must address soon.

They also believe every human deserves the same rights and representation in government. It doesn’t matter who their parents were, where their family is from, or if they own land. All that matters is that they live in Athens and they deserve more rights.

A sculpture of Cleisthenes

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The women, slaves, merchants, and farmers cannot participate in government. However, our city has recently been trying to give them a greater voice in other aspects of the Athenian society. There have been many new opportunities for the farmers lately. More loans and land have been given to the farmers in the past couple of years. The rich elite of Athens have been stealing from them for too long and the farmers deserve it more than anyone else, because they work the hardest.

Another great opportunity has recently been created for the poorest people of Athens.

New building projects have given them many jobs. These recent projects have been very successful in empowering the poor and they have been able to contribute to the economy and live happier lives. We should continue to take power from the rich landowners and give more to the farmers and poor. Then we can finally get rid of our outdated aristocracy that ruined the lives of everyone except for a few elite, rich Athenians.

Criminal News Local Criminals By: Jamie Ray

#1 Basil, a local farmer, was recently caught stealing bulls from a neighbor. He is being held in the prison for the night until the trial tomorrow. He has admitted to stealing three bulls so far. This means that he will probably get a light sentence of paying for the bulls and possibly debt slavery if he cannot afford that. There has been a increase in crime lately in Athens.

Everyone should be careful and protect themselves. #2 A foreign

merchant named Adonis has just been found guilty of three murders in Athens. He waited until the women were alone in their houses then snuck up and stabbed them. They were all Athenian citizens and the city has been in an uproar.

The jury has decided that he will face the death sentence in a public execution. Until then he will be held in the dirtiest cell of the jail. Athens is much safer with this guy off the streets.

#3 Nestor, a local statesman, has been brought in as a suspect for the horrific bathhouse murders. Two weeks ago two people were strangled and drowned in the bathhouses. Nestor was one of the people who was there when it happened and he never came forward as a witness. He will come before the jury and attempt to proclaim his innocence in a couple days. Until then he will be held in the jail. #4 Stavros,

a local warrior has just been found guilty of adultery.

He was caught in bed with a slave girl. The jury decided that he will be fined heavily and lose political privileges. He will never be able to vote on laws again.

Local Jail near Athens

#5 Last night a slave was murdered. The slave's name is Bemus. His body was found this morning by another slave. So far there are no suspects and nobody knows who did this. If you know any enemies of Bemus or anyone who might have had another motive to kill him, please walk down to the guard barracks and tell us. Any information on this murder would be very helpful, even if you don’t think it's important. If we don’t catch the person who did this, they might kill again. Their will be a mandatory curfew set by the government next week in order to keep the people of Athens safe.

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Houses for Sale By. Kai Proctor

Real Estate Ad House One: Has three bedrooms, a master bedroom with a bathroom attached to it. The bathroom has a brand new clay tub. The storage room is large. It is perfect for everything that you do not need at that time. The courtyard is perfect for you to sit and relax in because of the nice shade. There is also a woman sitting area and men’s sitting area. The best part is the library.

There is also a large kitchen.

House Two: Has four bedrooms one master bedroom and one guest and two for the family. There are two bathrooms. One is a full bathroom with an elegant clay bathtub and the other is a half bathroom. There is a very large kitchen with an island made of marble. There is a small library on the east side of the house.

There are also two sitting areas one for the men and the other for the women. Then a nice

House Four:

This house is a picture of house Two from the front side.

House Three: Has two bedrooms they are the same size. One newly renovated bathroom. A Courtyard with a pond and a flower garden perfect for relaxing in. The two sitting rooms have lots of natural light from the windows. The kitchen is very modern with marble countertops. The storage room is nicely sized to fit a large amount of thing in it. The library is small but perfect for a good afternoon read.

This house is located near the wonderful city of Athens. The house is perfect for a family that is growing.

This house has a large courtyard. It’s perfect for the children to play in. The courtyard is filled with lovely flowers and trees and a bench to relax in under the shade. The house has rooms. One master bedroom and three bedrooms for the kids. There is a bathroom for the kids with 2 sinks and a clay tub. The other bathroom is connected to the master bedroom and has a very modern look to it because of the marble floors and the elegant clay tub. The sitting rooms for the men and the women are large and perfect for entertaining the guest.

The storage rooms are large and the perfect size to hold the kids toys and a lot more.

Buy now if you have a family.

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Vases for Sale and Predictions By. Kai Proctor

Vase one: Is a small vase that is black with pictures that show the life of a child growing up. It starts with him being born and then you get to watch him learn in school. He then gets married and has kids

Vase two: Is a large vase showing the building of the Parthenon. The first image shows the worker slowly adding to it. It starts with them putting in the base and then working on the columns and then putting the roof on and then bringing in all the decorations. This is a one of a kind piece of art that you can get now. You can but this vase for $111.02 send a

Daily predictions from our favorite oracle of DelphiToday she predicted a young man's future. She said he would become a husband within the month. His wife would be the prettiest woman he has ever seen. They would then a day after meeting would get married in the most extravagant reception we have seen this year. These two lovers will be inseparable after being married.

Our favorite prediction of today is about Athens and how she said it would thrive. Quote “Athens will thrive and everyone in Athens will be equally treated no matter wealth or political ranking” If you would like to see are oracle go to Delphi and find out your future and see if it will be good or bad.

The next person she made a prediction for was an old man who asked how much longer he will live if he will see his grandchildren grow up. She answered and said he will live for 12 more years maybe more.

Then she said he will she most of his grandchildren grow to be young adults and be independent and learn the ways of our culture. He then thanked her and went on his way happy as could be.

Vase three: This vase is perfect for decoration because of the small size and it is very portable to move around your house to make your guest jealous of you. This vase shows the making of the Earth from being a burning ball of fire to a lovely place of peace.

Buy it now only a few left in stock. You can buy it for only 4 payments of $100.23. Get it now.

The last person she made a prediction for was a young woman. She asked if she would ever see her husband again because he hasn’t returned from war. Her response was she will see him but not in this life but in the next life she lives.

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Architectural News The Parthenon is Being Built By: Chaz Trott

An announcement was made today in the Greek city of Athens. The first step to the building the new Parthenon building is in progress.

Architects have already started to build the Parthenon.

In the building there will be the statue to represent our honorable goddess, Athena, the goddess of wisdom and war. While talking to some of the architects today, they told me in an interview that, “The Parthenon is going to have a simple greek architectural design to it.” Another architect told us, “It will include Doric columns, plasters, Mutles, and a Frieze as well.” Next fall, for the first time in Greek history of Athens will have the Parthenon completed on the top of the Acropolis. The Parthenon will be open to the public so that people can imagine themselves in a few more months standing on top of the Acropolis, where the parthenon will be built. What Athen’s does not know at the moment is how long the Parthenon is going to take to build, “it can take a very long time. Almost five years or so” says a local greek citizen. The biggest question that many people have is what exactly will the building be used for other than worshipping Athena?

Many Athenian people have been speculating about what it might be used for, but there have been no confirmations as of yet. Many people are very excited about this new building along with many others, and it is definitely top news today. Speaking to the civilians today a local man said, “I am glad that this building is being built in our society at this current time. The Athenian empire is currently at its prime and I hope it stays that way.”

The Parthenon being built

In the picture to the left it shows that there are people working on the construction of the parthenon building. “It is very evident that this is building is going to take a lot of hard work and dedication for these men to build it.” This is what another local athenian citizen had to say on the matter. Speaking to Phidias one of the builders of the building spoke on how hard the job is. The response was very shocking.

“The parthenon may look like it is hard to build but in actual fact it is very easy to build because there is a lot of us and we are all working together to build it as a team and as long as we work together as a team then we have no problem building it at all.” This was shocking to many people because most expect the job to be rather difficult since the parthenon is said to be a quite a large building. The parthenon actually replaced a much older building of Athena that got destroyed during the great Persian invasion in 480bc. Greek architecture is Supposed to convey and represent a sense of harmony and balance and that is exactly what the parthenon represents.

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Religious News People are Losing Faith in the Gods

By: Chaz Trott

In other Greek news today, the weather in Athens has been very poor for the majority of the week and it shows no signs of stopping. People are starting to wonder why this is happening.

Many people are starting to blame the God, Zeus, himself. Zeus is the king of the gods and he also controls the rain, lightning, and thunder.

When things go wrong with the weather then that's who majority people turn to. Zeus has not been answering anybody's prayers lately and is continuing to give Athens terrible weather. “This is ridiculous! Does he not care about us at all his children? I know he is a God and all but does he not care for mortal life?”

This is what a local had to say on the matter.

The gods have watched over the Greek people for a long time. It is their religion, but people are starting to lose faith in the gods because they are seemingly not answering anybody's prayers. “This is not the first time this has happened Zeus and the other gods do not care about us were on our own praying is not going to do anything for us.” The weather recently has caused many people to come down with a terrible sickness that has a quarter of the population out of commission. Because of this, the Athenian people are starting to question their religion and everything they believe in. This is a crucial time for the Athenian people. The Greek religion and has been around for a long time.

Zeus causing bad weather

If this weather continues and doesn’t get any better, then the greek religion will not be around for that much longer. The night before, there was a Greek citizen that was traveling along the Aegean Sea and reportedly had gone missing. Could this have been the work of the mighty god Poseidon? People are still wondering, ‘What on earth could have happened to him?’

Poseidon is the Greek king of the sea and if it wasn't him, then why didn't Poseidon protect him? These two incidents have caused major controversies in the Greek city-state of Athens.

The man was reportedly on his way to the island of Crete to do some business. His boat was hit by a huge tidal wave “this definitely sounds like the work of a god” said a Greek citizen.

“It definitely was just a coincidence but it doesn't explain why Poseidon couldn't protect him,” said another Greek citizen.

Sports And Recreation Five Day Training Course Article by: Savanah Boucher

I was able to see how these amazing Olympic When the afternoon came it was time for the athletes trained over the last five days. Most pentathlon which includes five events which of these athletes were on special diets and were: discus, javelin, jumping, running, and were in a lot of pain from training too much. wrestling. After a tired two days with day On the first day, it was amazing to see all the three just over the hills, I went to go watch athletes and how the opening ceremony went athletes run in their running event called the along. When all the athletes came out they dolichos, which is the longest running event were not dressed in any means at all!. They all in the Olympics. After the long two hours, I stood one by one next to each other waiting to walked over to go watch the many athletes worship Zeus to say that they would play by compete in all throwing events. On the fourth the rules and not cheat in day I went to watch any way. By day two, I wrestling and watched all had to wake up even the people around me earlier to see the athletes cheer for the people they participate in the first supported. By midday events of the Olympics boxing came and I almost which were: hippodrome, lost it when they started chariot racing, and horse fighting and didn’t stop racing. They all raced until one was almost dead. horses but they all went Then finally day five came different lengths (in and I was pretty exhausted miles). The Hippodrome myself, even though I was a large oval track in didn’t participate in the which the athletes went Olympics. I got to see the This is a vase with all the different sports in the Olympics. It shows what the people wear and what they use in the only three-quarters of a most amazing thing ever, Olympics. mile. When I watched which was the closing chariot racing, it had me on ceremony of when the the edge of my feet. It was so physical and judges were giving out the olive wreaths to rough that I was scared for the athletes that put on the winners of the Olympics. By the were playing in the games. This time the ceremony was over it was was the longest horse race from night and many athletes went home two and a half miles long to eight without a wreath but many were miles long. Horse racing was the successful and had a olive wreath shortest of them all and was also on their head. the least violent of them all. Horse racing was less exciting because they could not hit each other.

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The object that the woman is giving the athlete is an olive wreath that is for when an athlete has won the event that they participated in.

Sports And Recreation Behind Team Rhodes Article by: Savanah Boucher This team has trained long and hard to win the Diagoras was training different/y while Olympics. Team Rhodes has many Leonidas was training on running and spectacular athletes who can win olive working on upper body, Diagoras was on the wreaths. When we saw one of the other side of the gymnasium shadow best athletes compete in three races, it boxing and punching a punching bag. was amazing and inspirational. One Diagoras also has his personal trainer of their best athletes was Leonidas of to help him if he gets unfocused.

Rhodes. He won three races, which Watching Leonidas and Diagoras train were the stade, the diaulos, and the they both kept focus but still had very hoplitodromos. Leonidas is huge as strict training schedules. Also, they an athlete and we are very excited to both were training for four days. On see him in the Olympics. Leonidas the first day they did exercises and was one of the many amazing athletes warmups to get ready for day two. On on the Rhodes team. Another person the second day they trained very hard that has made many accomplishments in the gymnasium. They both rested on in the past Olympics was Diagoras. the third day, which meant they did Diagoras has won many wreaths nothing but rest their bodies and in the past Olympics and many tried to not be sore for day four.

This is Leonidas with his armor on ready to go a games such as: the Pythian When day four came they went race in the hoplitdromos race. He has trained his upper body to carry the shield and all the body games, the Isthmian games, back to training but not as hard armor. and the Nemean games. Us as day two. The Rhodes team non-athletes would love to see takes the Olympics seriously and if Diagoras is going to take the they train extra hard for this wreath or if he is going to walk moment. By watching these out with nothing but athletes train, we are very excited disappointment. I spent four to see these athletes perform in days with the Rhodes team to the Olympics and to see them win see how they trained and how olive wreaths again. By watching they got ready for the Olympics. these athletes compete it has Both athletes trained in different made it hard for other athletes to ways. Leonidas trained in the win against them. We are very This is Diagoras being lifted by his sons after gym with a professional trainer excited to see Leonidas go they won wrestling in the Olympics. They took after their father that is a famous wrestler in the watching him workout. He also against other athletes and win a Olympics. kept a lot of focus on his olive wreath. Diagoras is very training, which made him have skilled and we would love to see a lot of self-discipline. When training, him also win another olive wreath.

Leonidas used halters to work on his arms and shoulders which helped when holding armor for his hoplitodromos race.

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Sports and Recreation

Team Sparta Going Into This Years Olympic Games

By Emmett Grover

Sparta is also This year at the looking good, Olympic with some laurel Games, Team threats in almost Sparta is all of the other looking events. Chionis is especially one of the strong. They greatest sprinters have a couple of our time, of strong teams winning first in entered into the the stadium and equestrian diaulos the last events, and one A painting of Cynisca‘s team of horses winning the four horse chariot two olympics. is even owned race.

This longevity in by a women. any Olympic Cynisca of event is unprecedented, not to mention the Sparta has bred and trained her horses and margin by which he has been winning. In the they are looking to be one of the strongest past few Olympics, no one has come close to laurel contenders this year. Her team is threatening him for a laurel. There are a few looking to win in the four horse chariot race. new entries that have run fast qualifying Cynisca is a Spartan Princess, daughter of the times, but they aren’t projected to be any Spartan king Archidamus II. She was raised challenge to Chionis. With two more wins this through the typical Spartan training system, year, he will add to his record 4 consecutive and is a master equestrian herself. Spartan laurels, and make it nearly impossible for women are some of the only in all of Greece anyone to dominate like this ever again. Other that have the opportunity to enter their teams than sprinting events, Chionis has set records into the games, as their training focuses more in the triple jump. Last year he jumped for a on athletic development than that of other city record 52 feet, almost 10 feet more than the states. She says her inspiration to train and previous record holder. His dominance from enter her team came from her brother, the track must help him, as the score of 52 Agesilaus, and her own love for horses. Her feet is absolutely legendary. The gods must team managed to win four years ago in 396 have propelled him because it is doubtful that B.C., her first laurel and the first laurel for even Chionis himself will be able to match his any women in the Olympic Games. Even record from last year. These two tremendous though she isn’t allowed to be in the arena to athletes are spearheading the Olympic effort see her team compete, her team comes into from Sparta. these games favored to win. The rest of team 3

Sports and Recreation An Introduction to The Olympic’s Most Exciting Event, The Pentathlon

By Emmett Grover

6 kilograms, and is made of bronze. They This year the pentathlon is looking like a have five attempts to throw the discus, and close race. There are almost a hundred their longest throw is counted. Four years ago, athletes competing, including Herektes of Tethacles threw his discus 3 feet less than the Sparta, Tethacles of Athens, and Carceros of winner of the laurel in the stand alone Ionia. These three are the laurel favorites this competition. The final qualifying event is the year. Herektes is probably the best athlete of long jump, and Carceros is the favorite to win them, and he has won a laurel in the stade, a by a mile. His form in this discipline is 200 yard sprint. This is the first event in the unparalleled, and he set a record in the pentathlon, and it he doesn’t appear to have previous Olympics of any real challengers in 12 yards. The athletes the sprint. It takes have 5 jumps, and the place in a building total of them added that gave its name to together is their final the race, the stadion. distance. The person The winner of the with the longest individual race is distance is the winner. often considered the They athletes start overall winner of the standing, holding games, as Herektes weights of up to 2 was four years ago. kilograms in each The second event is hand. They use these the javelin throw. weights to give them a A photo of a vase that depicts the Ancient Greek pentathlon.

Tethacles is greater distance in their considered the jumps, swinging them favorite in this event, forward when they started their jump, and as he is one of the strongest men in the entire releasing them at the apex of their jump. The Games. This event takes place in the middle final event, wrestling, is the final part of the of the track, with the athletes using javelins pentathlon. The top athletes from the first made of wood. The javelins themselves are events qualify for wrestling, and the best almost 2 yards long, and have a leather strap wrestler is awarded the laurel for the attached to them to help the athletes stabilize pentathlon. The athletes score points when the projectile when throwing it. The javelin their opponents shoulders touch the ground. isn’t a stand alone sport, but in some of the They need 3 points to win a match, and there other local sports competitions there is a is no time limit. There are also no weight challenge to see who is most accurate from classes, so stronger athletes like Tethacles are horseback. The third event, discus, is another favored. The only real question is whether event that Tethacles specializes in. His Tethacles will be able to be competitive massive strength helps him with the enough to qualify for the final. specialized rotation needed to throw the 17 to 23 inch discus. The disk itself can weigh up to 4

Sports and Recreation A Look At This Year’s Pankration

By Emmett Grover

This year’s Pankration is shaping up to be one of the most brutal events of the Olympic Games. Agias, the winner of 2 consecutive titles, is the favorite going into the games, but anything can happen in the Pankration. The combat is brutal, with the athletes restrained from gouging each other’s eyes out and biting. Other than that, they can pretty much fight however they like. The two main fighting techniques implied by the fighters are wrestling and boxing. Some fighters who are good boxers like to punch with a fist, one of the most basic attacks in the Pankration. Kicking is also a trademark part of the Pankration, giving the athletes a longer range. The only way to win is by forcing the other competitor to surrender. This is where the wrestling portion of the competition comes in. The athletes use different holds to subdue their opponents, and this is the part of the fight that Agias excels at. He is one of the best wrestlers in the world, but is agile and fast enough to be a threat during hand to hand combat. This year’s Pankration is going to be an amazing spectacle, despite who wins.

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Two athletes competing in the Pankration

Sports & Recreation Boxing, Wrestling, and Felony Shawn Allen

Last night in boxing, Alcibiades Bion of Athens took on Daedalus Hermes of Sparta. Bion struggled in the first 2 rounds as he threw 17 punches, and only landed 4. Hermes threw 13 punches and landed a dominant 9. Hermes is known for being a more strategic boxer and it showed as the former champion dominated the young 18 year old. The third round began with Bion landing big uppercut on Hermes, followed by a 5 punch combo from Hermes. Punches were being thrown back and forth.

With 8 seconds left on the clock, Bion dodged a left and right jab combination before delivering a heavy right punch on the forehead of Hermes, causing him to bleed and knocking him into the ropes. Going into the fourth round Bion had momentum from his patience in round 3.

Bion landed a total of 13 punches on Hermes while he only landed 7. 14 seconds into the fourth round Bion landed a huge uppercut on Hermes knocking him of his feet. Judge Ivo began the 10 count, with 2 seconds left on the count, Hermes got back on his feet. Immediately Bion took a furious swing at Hermes. The swing sent Hermes crashing to the floor in the blink of an eye, knocking him out. Bion wins by KO picking up his first win of the the preliminary round and giving Hermes his first lost after 9 straight wins in the Olympic games. Hermes won the laurel 4 years ago in 396 B.C. Bion is now 1-1 as he takes on Alexander Yannis(0-2) of Corinth tomorrow morning. Bion could be the youngest to ever win a gold medal at 18 years and 57 days. Bion could also give Athens the gold in boxing for the first time ever. This was truly a David vs Goliath battle, and the legacy of Alcibiades Bion continues.

Team Thebes has been ruled out of all sporting events for the following actions in the chariot race last night.

Kyros has been fined with a death penalty for representing a Greek city state that he was not born in.

Kyros was originally born in Corinth, and his real name is Cosmas. Cosmas had a tryout with Corinth for chariot racing 4 years ago. Cosmas was one of fifteen people that went to the tryout.

There are only 4 spots on each chariot race team. 2 spots were left as Zanos and Theron still had there spots from when they got an olive wreath in the last olympics 4 years ago.

Cosmas was the final of three people with only one to be cut. Cosmas was the one to be cut. Cosmas was outraged and demanded that he fight to the death against the other two that made the cut. Zanos and Theron had him thrown out of the arena. Cosmas left Greece and journalists have it as told, “Cosmas left Greece and lived in Rome for 2 years.

While he was there he claimed to be the a very important merchant. Although he did not have any evidence to prove this, the Etruscans believed him. Cosmas trained secretly for chariot racing as he knew he would once return.

Cosmas returned 14 months right before the tryouts.

Cosmas changed his name to Kyros and tried out for team Thebes. The captain of Thebes’ chariot team knew about Kyros fake identity, but decided to keep it a secret because “Kyros” was so good. The olympic committee found about Cosmas when they could not find a birth witness for a man named Kyros Kleon. The win will be taken away from Thebes will be given to Athens, who came in second.

Second place will go to Sparta as they originally came in third, and so on. Thebes will also be disqualified for all events that they are in, and all athletes will have to prove their birth."

! Sports Player Profile- Milo of Croto

and Recreation

Remembering Milo of Croton

by Tea Miles

was a wrestler known for his

Milo could eat over forty pounds of meat and bread and

larger-than-life feats of strength, and having a great

drink eight quarts of wine in one sitting. It

appetite. Milo won the Olympic title six years in a

increased Milo’s muscle mass and strength.

row, from the year of 536 to 520 B.C.. Milo also won

Besides wrestling, Milo led people of Croton to

seven crowns at the Pythian games at Delphi, won

a military victory over the neighboring city of

ten at the Isthmian games, and nine at the Nemean

Sybaris in 510 B.C. Milo lived close to a farm

games. Milo was defeated during his attempt for his

in his younger ages and one day a baby calf

seventh Olympic title in 516 BCE by a young

was born. One day Milo decided to go to the

wrestler from Croton. His hometown was known for

farm, pick up the calf, put it on his shoulders

producing famous athletes. Even after he turned 40,

and walk back home. Milo would repeat this

Milo was able to win wrestling matches at the highest

everyday for the next four years, until it was a

level. Milo loved showing off his strength in public,

fully grown calf, and it wasn’t safe anymore to

for example, he would grasp a pomegranate in his

pick it up. Milo had to work out everyday, and

hands and have others try to take it away from him.

go to the boxing rings if he wanted to continue

Another one of his moves was tying a cord around

his routine of carrying the ox back and forth

his forehead and holding his breath, waiting for his

everyday. If he didn’t workout everyday he

veins to expand and snap the cord. Milo was also a

would lose his strength and get weaker. Milo’s

hero, as he saved the Pythagoras’s life when a roof

death is still a mystery, but people believe that

was about to collapse on him. A myth about Milo is

he was splitting a tree in half and his hand got

that he may have married the mathematician’s

stuck. A pack of wolves came upon him and ate

daughter. One last example of his strength was he

him alive. This article is dedicated to the life of

would put his thumb up and people would try to push

the great Milo of Croton.

it down.

Nobody could ever bend Milo’s thumb.

This is a picture of Milo of Croton carrying the ox.

This is a picture of Milo getting eaten alive by wolves.

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! Sports

and Recreation

Olympic Recap of this years Chariot Racing - by Tea Miles Game/match recap- Chariot Racing was one of the most popular events in ancient Greece.

Racing was very dangerous for both drivers and horses, and they usually suffered injuries and even death during the races even though they wore protective gear during their races.

People believed that this added excitement to the races. Usually most accidents happened on the corners of the track. Chariot Races could be watched by women, but they could not watch a lot of other events. It is unknown when chariot racing in Greece actually began, but people say it may be as old as chariots themselves. The participants in this early event were Diomedes, Eumelus, Antilochus, Menelaus and Meriones. The first Chariot racing was added to the Olympics in 680 B.C.. The largest track for Chariot Racing was in the city-state of Olympia.The track is six-hundred- twenty meters long, and one hundred and eighteen meters wide. The seating in the stadium was not built until 190 BC. The stadium was not only used for Chariot Racing, it was used to celebrate the other holidays the Greeks citizens celebrate.

There are a twelve Chariot races a day at the Olympics, and each year the number is going up.

The Olympic stadium has two long sides parallel from each other and the sides are rounded. There are stalls for the horses and starting boxes.

Usually the races last seven laps, and in order to win the race you had to be light, which made it dangerous for the drivers. The Chariots are organized into four main teams, red, white, blue, and green. Each of the teams have their own coaches to find talented drivers. The very successful racers for Chariot Racing could become rich. The most famous Chariot Racer was Gaius Appuleius Diocles, who has won 1463 races. At the sound of the trumpets blasting, the horses take off, and the drivers would whip the horses to make them go faster. The races travel in a clockwise direction of the track.

This is a picture of the white, blue and red Chariots.

This is a picture of several Chariots racing against each other.

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Sports and Recreation

Team profile for Sparta By: Lillian Bergeron

What the temple of Zeus looks like inside

It's looking to be a great year for watching the Olympic games. The Spartan team is very strong in all of the upcoming events they are participating in. A few of the athletes are looking exceptionally good.

Chionis of Sparta, has so far won the Stadion race in three consecutive Olympics - the 29th, 30th, and 31st games. What a great runner he is. Sparta must be proud to have Chionis as a Spartan athlete. He’s also won the Diaulos and Stade games before, Diaulos is an eventful race that is two laps and athletes run 384 metres (420 yards), around the track, The Stade is a well known event that was one of the first events added in the Olympic games in 776 BC. The Stade is where runners sprint on a straight track that is 192 meters long (210 yards). Chionis of Sparta isn't just known for his running ability, he is also known for his incredible long distance jumping ability.

Chionis is able to jump about 15.85 metres (52.0 feet) in the triple jump. The triple jump is a track and field event, that is similar to the long jump. The athlete runs down the track and then they jump into the sand pit. His jumping records show that he can jump over seven meters in only one jump!

For this upcoming season it is going to be all eyes on Chionis to see if he can win yet again in the Stadion event for the fourth time in a row, and out run all the competitors in Diaulos and the Stade running events. Another athlete for Sparta is Acanthus. Acanthus so far has won two types of foot races, the Diaulos and the Dolichos. Dolichos is a long race, that was introduced in 720 BC. The length of the race was about 18-24 laps (about 3 miles long) around the stadium. The Dolichos race always starts and ends in the stadium, but the competitors often run through the Olympic grounds around important shrines and statues in sanctuaries. Many times athletes pass by the Nike statue and Zeus’s temple before finishing the race. Fun fact about Acanthus is that he was one of the first men to run naked in the Olympics after the event where Kallipateira tried to dress up as a man to go and watch her sons compete in the games. After one of the racing events got done, she was so excited that her robe fell off. Everyone noticed that she was a woman not a man. The judges didn’t punish Kallipateira, because her sons were champions. Women weren’t allowed to go to the Olympic Games, so after they made all men and athletes who attend the Olympics nude.

Sports and Recreation

The street performers By: Lillian Bergeron

Walking outside the Olympic stadium, music could be heard in the streets.

Looking around, I saw men and women heading towards the sweet, mysterious sounds, echoing through The vase of Hagia Triada the city. A big crowd gathered around five performers, that were making the beautiful melodies. Three women were singing, and a man and a women were playing a musical instrument. After a few songs, I was able to sit down and meet the performers to conduct an interview with them. My first question to them was why are they here playing music? The first women, Agata said that, “Since we are women, we can’t go and watch the Olympic events. We just stay at home and are expected to do house work, while all the men go and have fun enjoying all the Olympics events.” The next women, Gaia’s answer was, “I just enjoy singing, and there's really nothing better to do.”

The third singer, Talia said, “Women can't watch the Olympics, so I just enjoy coming out to sing to all the other Greeks that are in the same position as me.” Letty the woman who played an instrument told me about how she got into playing music.

She told me about this vase she saw when she was a little girl. The vase she was talking about was made for a sarcophagus of Hagia Triada. There’s a drawing on the front, of a women playing music.

After seeing that vase, Letty started her music career. She taught herself everything that she knows now. Letty has played music for fifteen years. The other musicians name was Obasi, he responded saying, “I personally enjoy playing an instrument and then playing a sport in the Olympics.” The second question I asked was about the instruments that the two musicians were playing. Letty replied saying, “that the Lyre is a string instrument, that looks like a small harp, and has seven strings. This instrument dates back 2,000 years! Obasi described his Cretan Lyra “as a pear-shaped, three stringed bowed instrument, it is also called Aegean Lyra.” When I finished my interviews, they went back to playing more songs, a little girl went up to Letty and asked if she could try the Lyre. Letty was so excited to see that the little girl was interested in it. It reminded Letty when she was younger and saw the vase for the first time. Letty taught the little girl how to play it, and after a few attempts the girl got the hang of it and learned a few song really quickly. Letty got a smaller worn out lyre from her bag and gave it to the little girl to have. The girl smiled and thanked Letty for the gift and ran home to show her mother the Lyre she just got and all the new songs she just learned!

Arts and Architecture Review of The Travels of Dionysus

By Olivia Newell

The play, The Travels of Dionysus, had its highly anticipated premiere last night at the theater in Athens.

This new open-air theater was built specifically for this play. It appeared to me that any of the wooden platforms for sitting had a great view of the stage in the center of the theater. Even the women and slaves way in the back seemed to have an equal view as I did in the Choregos (the closest area to the stage, where the wealthy sat). It seemed that all of the fourteen-thousand seats were filled. The first thing I took notice to, before the play even began, was stage equipment and scenery. The background was slightly more complex than the average rough pieces of art that turn on axles. I quickly noticed the usual cranes and cables for our gods to fly across the stage and got a pang of excitement waiting to see this happen.

The new theater in Athens, built specifically for The Travels of Dionysus.

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I was also impatiently waiting to see the famous Belen play the main character.

He is one of the few actors who doesn't play multiple characters using a mask to change personalities. This play has also stirred up quite a commotion by having the first female actress in theatrical history.

Previously, it has always been tradition that no women were included in the plays, instead having the men dress as the women. I personally think that allowing this actress to perform is a huge step in given women similar rights to men.

The first scene of the play opens with a monologue given by Dionysus, our great god of theater. The play quickly transitions to showing the travels of Dionysus as he moves from city to city watching and listening to our festivals praising him. I got quite a laugh out of a hilarious scene performed entirely out of Dithyrambs (a dramatic hymn sung between the character and a chorus) depicting Dionysus attempting to cross the Styx but repeatedly falling in and having to request help from Hades. This was not the only funny scene, as there were others that poked fun at our current politicians and universal issues left after the recent Peloponnesian War. The play closed on an image of Dionysus watching a group of Spartans performing the traditional songs and dances seen during our usual festivals to honor him.

Overall, this play was very well performed by its cast and the hysterical jokes made the whole crowd erupt in laughter. I would recommend everyone takes a visit to Athens to see The Travels of Dionysus.

Is Red the New Black?

By Olivia Newell

Everyone knows the most famous kind of pottery. For the last hundred years black-figure pottery has taken our culture by storm. These vases improved our economy by becoming a huge demand export. Everyone from Spain to Asia wants our vases! The superior quality clay beds in Athens let our native potters create the highest quality vases in the world. It is also the complex three step process to turn the clay black that makes our vases so special. Our local potters spend hours trying to put the perfect amount of air into the kiln to get the deep black against the bright red background. Despite this fame that the black-figure pottery has, it is being pushed out of the spotlight by a new style of pottery.

A vase with traditional black-figure images on it.

Red-figure pottery is quite the opposite of the previous style. The new pottery has black backgrounds and the scenes depicted are the natural red color of the clay.

This change in style allows artists to add much more detail and lifelike movement the scenes they paint. This new type of pottery is becoming so popular so quickly because of the fact that it uses the same methods and processes as black-figure pottery. This allows current potters to produce these ceramics equally as fast as the black-figure pottery.

Many people say that they prefer the red figures because it makes the pottery more eye-catching because of the blazing red against the black.

This shift from black-figure to red-figure has left a lingering question in the art world.

Will red-figure pottery be the next big thing?

From the ever high demand of Greek pottery and the new positive things that red pottery brings to the table, it seems that red-figure pottery will become the next wildly large and influential art form in the pottery world.

A piece of pottery showing the more detailed redfigure pottery.

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Popularity Contest; Columns

By Olivia Newell

Doric columns took the Lavra Consensus crew by surprise. They are the most popular and common columns in Greece. They are the oldest of column styles and are recognized and know for their plain capital. They become popular in seventh century BCE and dominated through 545 BCE. They are usually very sturdy, which makes them a necessity to buildings that need a lot of support. People also tend to like the simplicity of the drum compared to the more complex frieze, with the metopes and triglyphs. Doric columns can be found at the Temple of Apollo, Temple of Athena Pronaia, and Hera of Argos temple. Doric columns make their biggest and most famous appearance on the Parthenon. 22% of public buildings and homes incorporate Doric columns!

Columns are a huge part of Greek architectures identity. Ionic columns are praised for their beauty and are loved for their uniqueness. Corinthian style may not be the most wallet-friendly but their complex details make them a sight to see. Perhaps their influence may spread more with time. As shown in the survey, Greeces’ favorite column in the Doric. It’s simplicity and practicality make it ideal for most purposes.

They’ve been around forever and will hopefully never go out of style.

The Lavra Consensus recently sent out a survey to most people in our nation with the intent of finding out the most common type of column in Greece. They received hundreds of thousands of responses. The expected results of this survey were thought to show that Ionic columns were the most popular, Doric coming in second, and Corinthian least popular.

The predictions of the survey were correct about the popularity of the Corinthian columns. These columns are the most ornate and have the most complex design. They do share some similarities with the Ionic columns. They have the same kind of base and entablature. Corinthian columns recently originated in Corinth and have not yet fully spread to become popular in Greece. The newness of this design also contribute to the small number of them in Greece. They are also the tallest and hardest to create, making them the most expensive. Although us Greeks don’t favor the Corinthian columns, our Roman neighbors are very fond of them.

These are the reasons why it is not a surprise that Corinthian columns are the least popular, with only 6% of homes and public buildings showcasing them.

The second most popular column came as a surprise to the survey senders. Their predictions were incorrect. The result showed that Ionic columns are not the most popular columns. This column style originated in Ionia and made its way to our country in fifth century BCE. Ionic columns are known for their grace and charm. The Ionic columns are also special because of the running frieze incorporated in them. Other columns, like Doric, have their friezes composed of metopes and triglyphs. Many famous building, including the Parthenon and the Erechtheion, have Ionic columns included in their architecture. The survey showed that 12% of public buildings and homes have Ionic columns on them.

Examples of the types of columns included in the survey.

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Frescoes

By Dominic Zimmel

Frescoes are an important part of our culture because they can be used to worship the gods and show very important events. The origin of these paintings is from the island of Knossos. They show our day to day lives and how extravagant they are. They range from our Olympic games, bull jumping, festivals, gods and goddess, and great voyages. To paint a fresco isn’t very easy, because no matter how hard you try you can not rub the paint off as it virtually sinks into the wall. To paint a Fresco, the steps are easy, all you need to do is prepare some plaster a few days before you want to paint. Then put three coats of that plaster on the surface you want to paint. Then you will need to grind your colors into a water-based paint and seal them in containers.

Next, you begin to paint the fresco after your plaster has set. An easy way to tell that your plaster is set is by pressing on it with one of your fingers and if it dents when you finger pushes on it you will have to wait longer for it to set. Frescoes have been painted by Greeks from the beginning of our society, making the beautiful paintings a big part of our history.

An example of a frescoe that depicts our Greek gods.

This is a famous frescoes depicting a Greek boy jumping a bull at one of our festivals.

For Sale

By Olivia Newell

This oinochoe (wine pouring vase) has been sitting at my house for months. It is perfect for pouring wine and has beautiful black-figure art on it. It is said to have been made by the best kerameus (potter/painter) around. The practical shape is one of the most common seen on a vase and was sculpted from the best keramos (clay) in Greece. Of course it was handmade on a potter's wheel, not from a mold, making it one of a kind. 110 Drachma or best offer.

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The beautiful black-figure vase that is for sale.

I also asked what was the temple made out of and they told me they had created it out of 22,000 tons of marble. As I went inside of the building there was a huge golden statue. I asked them who made it, and what goddess it was supposed to honor. They then answered me and said, “This statue is of Athena. It was created by the artist Phidias who was also the artist for the carvings of the building. Many people find it interesting because the statue is not just made of gold, it is also made of ivory.� I was amazed by the art and technique that was put into making this amazing statue it really helped me get an idea of what Athena really looks like. I had never seen something like this in my life.

The Parthenon Trevor Swanbeck Yesterday I had the chance to interview the creators of Athens most famous building, the Parthenon. The Parthenon was a project that went along with the creation of the acropolis, and it has been being built with the guidance of Pericles of Athens. This project has been built by the architects Ictinus and Callicrates and the art is by the artist Phidias. I asked Ictinus and Callicrates if they could give Greece some information, and insight about there incredible creation. Looking at this amazing temple, it seems so complicated for our time. Even though we have already made so many amazing statues and buildings, this seems to top them all.

I first asked Ictinus and Callicrates who the temple was created for because then, as I looked to the west side of the Parthenon, I noticed that on the pediment there was a picture of Athena beating her uncle in battle.

They then told me the story of how Athena had fought for the city of Athens, against her Uncle Poseidon, and when she had won, they were tasked to creating a temple for her.

My next question for the architects was about the dimensions of the temple. I asked about this because the Parthenon seems so much larger than all the other temples I had seen. They told me that the building was 230 feet by 100 feet. They also told me that most Doric temples have six columns but since the Parthenon was so wide that he was able to fit eight columns. On the north and south side of the building there are 17 columns on each side.

The Parthenon When we got inside the building it was very dark, because it was closed on the sides, and the only light that came through for me to be able to see was from the doorway, and from the cracks in between the blocks. The inside did not have to much for them to show me, so we went back outside to keep observing because I still had some questions. One question I had was that the building looked very shiny, and I asked why it did. They told me that the building had a lot of refinements and that made it look shinier.

Sadly the tour of the Parthenon was over, but I was so fascinated at what I had seen. It was definitely one of my favorite tours I have gone on. I definitely recommend others to come, and see Greeks newest building the Parthenon.

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The Acropolis Trevor Swanbeck

This just in - the acropolis is finished! I personally made it to the opening, and I will be telling you about it so that you can learn about it.

After this, maybe you can even come see it yourself. The word acropolis is a word that is translated to acro meaning high, and polis meaning city. Each Greek city has an acropolis.

The word first came from the city of Rome and its famous series of buildings on high elevation.

By far, the most famous and most notable acropolis, after seeing it for myself, is the acropolis of Athens. It has multiple large sized building including the Parthenon, on top of the hill of the muses. The acropolis was created to show Athens power because at this point Athens is at its peak of success. The Athenians have paid no attention to money while building this city.

They have hired some of the greatest architects and sculptors of Greece. The beginning of this construction started on the 28 of July 447 BC during the Panathenaic Festival, when Pericles put down the first stone on the mountain.

The acropolis sits 490 feet in the sky on top of the mountain with 7 acres of area to build. This plot of land has not been inhabited since the Mycenaean period which was about 800 years ago, so there was plenty of space to build. There were already multiple structures built on top of the acropolis. After Xerxes had burnt down some of the temples, and structures on the acropolis of Athens so as a gift to victory against Xerxes the Athenians decided to build some new buildings for the complex.

In total I saw that there was twelve structures on top of the mountain. The three main buildings on top of the mountain were the Propylaea, the Parthenon, and the Erechtheion. I can talk about the two buildings that I thought were important excluding the Parthenon because there is already an article about this that you can read about.

The Propylaea was the entrance building that I had to walk through to see the rest of the buildings. It was originally designed to be a monumental entrance to get the people walking into the acropolis excited for the rest of the complex it certainly excited me because of how amazing it was.

The Erechtheion was named after the Greek god Erechtheus. This building was very religious because of its wooden statue of Athena. Even though there was a much better looking statue in the Parthenon this statue was kept because of its strong connection religiously. This buildings most remarkable and noticeable attributes was its sculptures in the sides of the Caryatid.

At the end of this tour these buildings were not the only great buildings, they were just my favorite ones. I highly encourage that you come and find your own favorite structures.

The Erechtheion 6

Interview with Epigonus Adri Roy

Interviewer: So, Epigonus, you have created the first life-like statue ever. How does that feel for you?

Epigonus: It’s unbelievable! I would have never guessed I would be the first to do such an amazing thing.

Interviewer: When did this new and improved style of sculpting and art develop?

Epigonus: Well, other artists and I have come to notice how, although our original art is good, it doesn’t look real, which is our goal. So to answer your question, quite recently. As you know, my sculpture is the first to be so advanced.

Epigonus: The sculpture took about 2 years to completely perfectly.

Interviewer: When is your statue going to be open for the public to see it?

Epigonus: It’s going to be revealed at the Parthenon tomorrow night.

Interviewer: We all can’t wait to see what you’ve done!

Epigonus: I can’t wait to show everyone!

Interviewer: That’s really great. What is your sculpture called?

Epigonus: I’ve named it ‘The Dying Gaul’ Interviewer: And why did you choose that name?

Epigonus: Well the sculpture shows a dying Gladiator, with a stab wound in his chest and a sword by his hand. It represents victory.

Interviewer: What is this amazing sculpture made out of?

This is an image of ‘The Dying Gaul’ sculpted by Epigonus

Epigonus: I sculpted and carved it out of marble.

Interviewer: Why did you choose marble?

Epigonus: I chose it because it looks better and in my opinion is easier to work with Interviewer: Interesting, when did you start this sculpture, and when did you finish it? How long did it take you until it was completely finished?

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Importance of Pottery Adri Roy

Another thing that has evolved over time is that we used to only paint black designs on red pots, but now we also paint red designs on black pots. Once the vases are done, many things can be done with them. We give them as gifts, keep them, use them as decoration, storage, and sell them.

Selling them is the most common because they bring in so much money for us. There is a demand for our vases all over the world. Also, painting and carving vases is an art that will survive for a very long time, unless they break. We don’t need to worry about anything fading off. Today, we paint mostly scenes of everyday life and portraits of our gods and goddesses.

Pottery is a very large part of our Greek life. We get ideas for the designs of our pots, from Egypt. We call clay keramos and pottery kerameikos. We use pottery for a variety of things, from art to storage to transportation.

The way we make our pots is by getting the clay which comes from settling tanks that are used to separate types of clay. The most used clay, is called attic clay. It has a red-orange color to it. Once the clay is shaped, we decorate it (if wanted), then put it in the kiln.

After it’s completely heated and set, the pot gets designs painted or carved into it. Designs a long time ago, started as only basic geometric shapes.

This is an example of a modern 5th century pot,.It shows a battle scene.This a very recent and advanced painting, so prices are pretty high on these. and and it was a muscle in mass

This is an example of an older Greek pot. It has detailed geometric shapes that were carved. I still have a few of these in my home, although old, they are still beautiful and serve the same purpose.

8

Statue of Zeus at Olympia Adri Roy

‘The statue of Zeus at Olympia’ is a very famous statue. It was made by the Greek sculptor, and my good friend Phidias. The statue is 13 meters tall, and took my great friend 12 years to complete. It is made of wood, and covered in ivory and gold. The statue shows Zeus sitting, with a scepter in one hand, and the goddess Nike in the other. The reason behind this, is that Zeus is the greatest god, and the people wanted to honor him.

To make my statue so accurate, Phidias had to draw Zeus sitting holding a scepter, then sculpted it to a much much bigger scale. It took him only two days to finish the drawing, What a talented friend I have. I was very anxious to see how the sculpture would turn out. Over the years I’ve had my doubts, I would go to take a look at it, and would be disappointed. But as time passed, I really saw it coming together and grew to love it. Once the final product was finished, I was shocked. I’d never seen anything that spectacular in my life. If you haven’t seen the statue, I really think you should go see it!

This is the statue of Zeus at Olympia. It is surrounded in ionic columns to keep it protected and closed in. As you can see it is mostly made of goals and wood. To protect the wood from

The picture above, is another angle of Zeus’ statue at Olympia. This an above angle. Once again you can see it is closed in

This is a different view of the same statue of Zeus at Olympia. It shows how big the statue actually is compared to a person.

9

Greek Poetry Dominic Zimmel

Poetry is a major part of our literature. Poetry can be humorous, tragic, about great journeys, wars, and they can also be philosophical. Our poetry has changed over the last hundred years. During the first stage of our poetry, the poets were usually presented at festivals and big gatherings. They usually focused on myth, folklore, and history. Some of the best examples of these are the epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey by the author Homer, who is considered one of the best poets of our time. The Iliad describes the final year of the Trojan War. A conflict between the Greek-city states and the city of Troy. The Odyssey follows the Iliad right after the Trojan War and it tells of the Greek hero Odysseus and his journey back to Ithaca, his homeland. Sadly, he is delayed by trials, mythical monsters, storms, and angry gods.

The next type of poetry is lyrical poetry which was drama and plays. We used them not only to entertain but also to educate our people and also look at problems in society. The plays are performed in outdoor theaters and are parts of religious festivals. There are usually only three actors and they would wear masks. One of the best examples of this kind of poetry is the play Oedipus the king written by the poet Sophocles.

The play follows Oedipus shortly after he has become the new king of Thebes for he killed the original king, Laius. There is a terrible plague in the city, and the people crowd around Oedipus’ palace and ask him to fix the problem. Oedipus unaware that he is the one who killed the king declares that he will set out and find whoever committed this crime because when he or she is found the plague that has risen in the city will be gone.

What happened after this stage was the mass spread of our literature to other countries around us this period also produces lots and lots of poets. Some of the more notable ones being Callimachus, Theocritus, Apollonius.

Callimachus migrated to Egypt and become a librarian and wrote more than 800 poems. Then Callimachus’ student, Theocritus worked with him in the library and wrote only 30 poems. Apollonius also lived in Egypt and wrote four books.

That is what our literature has turned into so far, and I can't wait to see what it will be next.

10

War heroes Dominic Zimmel

They go off into war Only to come back and be placed On a platform high in the air Two gold pieces over their eyes So they can pay the toll To cross the river styx

A fragment of a poem by Sappho.

God gossip - Darius

LifeStyle

Dress to impress - Darius This week in the fashion section we will be

Hades vs Zeus

focusing on what to wear for different occasions, If you are going on a night out.

There are some eye-opening rumors

Men need to wear chlamys. This is stylish

about Hades being jealous of Zeus.

and it will attract the ladies. They will not

The reporter named Chryseis Walter

take their eyes off of you. For the ladies,

overheard Hades saying, “Why is Zeus

if you are going on a night out and you

so famous, why can’t I be up there with

want to dress to impress, you can’t go

all the other gods? But instead, I have

wrong with a stola. It’s a nice dress with a

to be down here with all the dead

white wool. You will have all the men

people. I should be the ruler.” Zeus

chasing after you. You will never worry

replied, “Hades we all have our jobs

about them leaving you with this on.

and we all need to do them. They all are equally important and if Hades wants

If you want to go out for a walk and

to come and visit me he can give me a

still look good, men need to wear a Palla .

shout.” As you can see there is a little

These are easy to put on and they are

bit of jealousy coming from Hades.

very comfortable. And don’t worry about being hot because they let in a lot of air,

Apollo vs Demeter There are rumors that say Apollo and Demeter are also having a problem.

so you can also do sports in them.

Women, if you want to go for a nice walk A family that is dress to impress

The reporter Giorgos Trott reports

looking. It is also very comfortable, and

not giving enough sun for her harvest.

you can do sports in it. It gives a lot of air

Apollo rsaid, “ I like how gods always

and you don’t have to worry about style.

comment on other god’s jobs. They need to focus on their own job.”

That will be all for this week. Next week,

Demeter replied, “Maybe if you did

we will be talking about what to wear to

your job, I could do mine. There is no

the Olympics and what not to wear. We

harvest without the sun.” Apollo

also will talk about what the kids should

replied, “I give you the same amount of

wear, so your whole family will look

sun every year and now you start

fantastic. Like I alway say to be the best,

complaining.” and this is all we have for this week for your weekly gods gossip

you need to wear chiton. It is easy to wear but beautiful. It will keep the men

that Demeter is mad that Apollo is

We will have more gossip for next week,

to the The Acropolis and look around

you need to look the best. See you next Apollo son of Zeus

week.

and god of sun Page 1

Army life - Darius Today in army life we will be talking to Agafya. Her husband was in the Peloponnesian War, and we will hear her story as a wife and mom during the war.

“Hi my name is Agafya. I am a wife and

Luckily we have more about agafya son “Hey, everyone, I am Agafaya’s son Belen. When my dad went to war it was a hard time in my life because I had to work every day nonstop to take care of my family when my father wasn't there. My mom tries to do what she can to help but she couldn’t, I was my family's only

a mom of two beautiful children - one

hope. At the time I didn't want to work

daughter and one son. During the

because I was still young, but I remembered

Peloponnesian War, it was hard on me

what my father told me that one day I will

and my family to go without my

have to take care of my family. I didn't

husband. My husband Aesop was in

know it was going to be so early. I prayed

the war. He is alway there when we

to Ares everyday that he would make it

need him and he is the only one that

through the war but he never came home.”

works , so I can take care of the family.

So we were stressed out because we had no more money. I wasn’t able to work so I had to send my son to work and he hated it. He comes back tired,

Thanks Belen for talking, I know it was Two soldiers battling in the Peloponnesian war

and he wouldn’t be able to play with his friends because he had to work. It was a big sacrifice for him but he has to do

week we will be back next week for more.

Anthesteria Festival -

we will win the war and pray that my husband doesn’t die in war. War is the

Molly Skelton

worst time of my life. Everyone came back from war, and I was looking for my

Coming up next week is the Anthesteria

husband and I didn’t find him. He died

Festival. This article is where you will find

at war as a hero. He will never be

that my son had to work full time. My daughter and I had to work in the house and cook we will alway miss my husband. Thank for listening to my story.”

Wow that must of been hard Agafya.

You and your family have been through a lot and your son had to work for the family he is a brave boy. That was amazing story.

your childhood. It’s good that now you

family. that was a powerful story . This is all we have for this

We always pray to Ares and hope that

news we all started crying. That meant

about the war. You lost your father and you lost understand that you had to do it for your

for his family so we can live and eat.

forgotten. When I told my children the

probably hard for you to tell your story

all the information you need to know Anthesteria festivals

about this spring celebration. This festival, in honor of Dionysus, starts exactly one week from today and it will last for three days. On the first day we will make libations to Dionysus with last years wines. The second day is going to be one big party.

There will be wine drinking contests in which

everyone, even some slaves and kids, will be able to participate. The third day is a festival of the dead, this is when we will be offering pots of seed to the dead. Come out and celebrate this lively spring festival with us and celebrate our culture and the gods.

Page 2

LifeStyle

This week on Celebrity News we will be focusing on the private lives of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, the three famous philosophers. Socrates’ father’s name was Sophroniscus, and his mother's name was Phaenarete. His mother Phaenarete was a midwife, and he often compared his work to hers: she helped women give birth to children, and he helped people give birth to the truth. Although Socrates wasn’t the most attractive man out there, he was married to a younger woman named Xanthippe. Together they had three sons named Lamprocles, Sophroniscus, and Menexenus. He made a living off of sculpting and teaching his philosophy to students, and he served in the Potidaea, Amphipolis, and Delium battles.

Plato was born into a wealthy and prominent family around 482 BC. His father’s name was Ariston and his mother, Perictione, is a descendant of Solon the Athenian lawmaker. Plato received a good education early on, and showed an interest in Philosophy. He started following Socrates and learning his philosophy.

When Socrates was sentenced to death in 309 BC, Plato left his home and traveled all around the world.

After this period of travel and education, Plato returned home to Athens, where he started The Academy. At The Academy students would be taught philosophy, mathematics, art, music, astronomy, and other subjects. You’ve probably heard all about his ideals, but have you heard his latest ideas on knowledge? He claims it isn’t a matter of observation or learning, but a matter of remembering. According to his beliefs there are two worlds: the real one, and the one we live in. These two worlds are parallel, and in order for us to learn something we must only remember it from the real world.

The last Greek philosopher that I will be reporting about is Aristotle. He was born at Stagira, Halkidiki in 284 BC to Nicomachus and Phaetis.

Aristotle went to study at The Academy when he was 18, he continued studying at The Academy for the next twenty years. In 347 BC, the year Plato died, he traveled to Asia Minor, where he visited his friend Hermias. Aristotle ended up marrying Hermias’ adopted daughter Pythias, together they had a baby girl. Philip II, the King of Macedonia, asked Aristotle to teach his son Alexander the Great. In 335 BC, Aristotle started his own school back in Athens called Lyceum, he taught there for about 12 years. Meanwhile Pythias, Aristotle's first wife, died and he remarried to Herpyllis who gave him a son. Aristotle and his philosophy were accused with disrespecting the gods. This accusation led Aristotle to leave Athens and move to Halkis, which is where he remains today.

Academy students would be taught philosophy, mathematics, art, music, astronomy, and other subjects. You’ve probably heard all about his ideals, but have you heard his latest ideas on knowledge?

He claims it isn’t a matter of observation or learning, but a matter of A photo of Plato.

remembering. According to his beliefs there are two worlds: the real one, and the one we live in. These two worlds are parallel, and in order for us to learn something we must only remember it from the real world.

The last Greek philosopher that

I will be reporting about is Aristotle. He was born at Stagira, Halkidiki in 284 BC to Nicomachus and Phaetis.

Aristotle went to study at The Academy when he was 18, he continued studying at The Academy for the next twenty years. In 347 BC, the year Plato died, he traveled to Asia Minor, where he visited his friend Hermias. Aristotle ended up marrying Hermias’ adopted daughter Pythias, together they had a baby girl. Philip II, the King of Macedonia, asked Aristotle to teach his son Alexander the Great. In 335 BC, Aristotle started his own school back in Athens called Lyceum, he taught there for about 12 years. Meanwhile Pythias, Aristotle's first wife, died and he remarried to Herpyllis who gave him a

And a painting of Aristotle.

son. Aristotle and his philosophy were accused with disrespecting the gods.

This accusation led Aristotle to leave Athens and move to Halkis, which is where he remains today.

LifeStyle Women’s Life In Greece -

Marriage for Women

Social Life for Women

Young women are expected to

Women are restricted from

marry as a virgin and also

participating in outside events in

marriage is usually manipulated

which men were involved. While men

by their father. All women are expected to marry. There is no

Every women has different role

are outside the house training and working the fields, women remained

role in Greek society for single

in their houses. The house is

mature females. Marriage is

considered a sacred place.

considered as one of the most

Inside the house, a women’s job is

important decisions and events

basically to take care of the children

in a woman’s life, but a woman

and do some house work. The

has no direct control over it,

functions of wife and mother that

Motherhood in Greece

unlike a man. A man can

women perform are necessities and

choose his wife based on two

their duty, Needless to say, it is very

things: dowry, which was given

hard to live in Greece as a woman. It

by the father to the groom; and

is totally different for men because

her skills, such as weaving.

men can go out everyday to training,

Many women were married by

making friends and also discussing

the age of fourteen to sixteen,

politics.

while men commonly married around the age of thirty. In the family home, women are expected to raise children and manage the daily requirements of the household. They will receive the help from slaves, if the husband could afford them.

This women is watering plants

Page 4

Political life - Jerry Men have the chance to vote for the ruler and government and also they can attend some politically related events if they are not training in the military. Men can watch dramas that they could relate to, including tragedies and comedies. These often involved current politics and gods in some form. Women were not allowed to watch theatre or perform at the theatre, although male actors did play women roles. Women do not have the chance to vote and speak publicly about the ideas of government or rulers.

There are differences between the roles of ancient Greek goddesses and Greek women, which we can call Life vs. Myth. Women have very low social status but goddess does not.

A interesting fact is that the first Greek god was actually a goddess, she is Gaia. Women in mythology are very powerful and important. There is also another important goddess which is Athena. She is the daughter of Zeus. Athena is the goddess of wisdom and handcrafts. Overall, goddesses are very different from normal women. Â Â Page 5

LifeStyle

Advice Column - Kaila Mank Dear Abby, What is your opinion on Zeus? I mean he has all these other wives so why can't I be one?

Hey Jocasta, Have any of you ever met Zeus? Well if you haven't then good for you and stay away. If you have met him then don't get too close because he will take over and you will regret it soon. Zeus is a god who sees a woman and takes advantage - just think about how many wives he has had, and how many of them he has had children with. Just think do you want to be one of those wives? Now you might not believe me about this, but if you go against me on this I promise, you will regret it and find yourself wanting to get out of the situation. That’s my advice to you - take it or leave it.

Dear Abby, If I'm unable to stay with my family for more than four months because I ate the food of the dead, and Hades has also requested to marry me - should I just go with it?

Hey Persephone, I think that you should take into consideration what you really want. I mean do you really never want to see family again, or think about if you really only want to spend four months a year with your family. Also consider do you really want to be the wife of someone who never sees light and doesn't have love, or do you want to be someone who finds love and sees light everyday. My advice to you is to you is to take things into consideration and find out what you really want. Just my advice to you take it you leave it.

Dear Abby, Why does my brother have more rights and is able to leave the house to vote, fight, and build while I am stuck in the house watching the children unable to do much of anything else other than household chores?

Hey Aphrodite, Your brother can leave the house and do more things then you can because of the the world we live in today. Out society has laws against women doing manual labor work. The laws state that man are more fit to do physical work, and women are more fit to stay home and take care of the children.

Now, some among us do not believe in this

Write To Abby

statement but there is not much we can do. So my advice to you is to fight back if you feel it will make a difference in our world, and I promise you that you will have support from all sides. Just my advice to you take it or leave it.

Page 6

Decorating Your House - Kaila Mank Looking to decorate your house inside and out? Not sure what to do? Well look here. Now go outside, find a spot on the middle of everything and think of everything you see.

The design of the outside and if they are similar or different. Now looking they all

Out side and Inside view of what a house could look like.

look the same right? Well your right if you said yes and here is where you are going to learn how to build one just like that from the bottom.

For Sale by Owner

Now to start, you want to find a place

for your house (This is the easy part ). Next, you are going to want to

visually

LifeStyle

think about what you house is going to look like. In general you would have a two story house with a rectangular shape down the middle for a garden. Your first floor would have something along the lines of, a stone room, an andron, a kitchen, a bathroom, a bedroom, and a work room. Your second floor would not be around the whole house but would only be around the back rooms and the left side of the house. This would look something like: a bedroom, a gynaikon, and two more bedrooms. This concludes our tour of a general Greek home. I hope this has helped you to figure out what you want your house to look like. If you need anymore help Page 7

Daily Crossword- Molly Skelton

ANSWERS

Page 8

Sunday Comics- Molly Skelton

Page 9

Herodotus Interviews Themistocles

Opinion

By: Alaina Bonis

(Herodotus, (at right) and Themistocles (at left))

What are your thoughts on the Greeks victory in the Greco-Persian war?

Well, I believe that it is a victory well deserved, that Greece, and especially Athens, has come together to strategize, plan, and conquer the mighty Persians. I believe that it is no surprise we won this war, the Greeks are civilized and strong and much more advanced that the Persians. They simply didn’t have the power to conquer us.

Herodotus is a Greek author born in Halicarnassus in the year 484, he is currently studying the Persian war, and writing extensively on the events that have taken place, and the cultures of these people. His book is titled The Histories and is still in progress. Today, we have an exclusive interview between Herodotus and Themistocles, our Athenian leader.

Herodotus wishes to gain insight into the Athenians thoughts on the Persians, and to gauge their understanding of their culture.

Herodotus question are written in bold, and Themistocles answers are recorded in regular text.

Do you believe the Persians are less advanced than us Greeks, that they are behind us? Even though their empire is so much larger than ours?

Yes, I do. I believe they are behind in warfare--

And what would you say to the people who are surprised, even baffled, by Greece’s victory?

How could they be behind in warfare when they have conquered lands over three continents?

I’m not sure who is saying that, surely not people from this proud country. No Greek would question the victory of their own people. Maybe foreigners, or the Persians themselves. The Persians were so proud and so sure that they would come in here and conquer out lands, taking us for fools. When they themselves were defeated, it was a blow to their pride, and their reputation. They should be ashamed of themselves, believing they could defeat us, the almighty Greeks.

Maybe they should think before they act, and properly gauge who they are actually going up against. We may be small in numbers, but we make up for it in every other aspect of warfare.

They fight with might, with numbers and firepower. And yes, those strategies may work on some countries, in some situations, but if you are to truly win a war, you need to be very smart. You need strategy, and plans, and preparation. Persia simply has not mastered that the same way we have, we won the war because the Persians were so set on just wiping us out, that they didn’t pay attention to all of our opportunities to trick them.

So I believe they are behind in warfare because they have reckless habits, and underdeveloped strategies. Greece on the other hand, has far surpassed that level of fighting.

1

How so? What specific tactics do the Greeks utilize that the Persians lack?

Opinion

Well for one we have the phalanx, which is extremely effective and catches our enemies by surprise. You know what it is, because of your research, but I will explain for those who are unaware. The phalanx is a mass of footsoldier, marching in a rectangular shape, holding large spears at the back, and shorter spears with increased armor and shields in the front. The phalanx then surrounds the enemy on all sides, and traps them, wiping them out. This technique was created not only to increase our advantages in times of war, but also to reduce class lines and unite the people.

We also take advantage of the brute strength of the Spartans, they are incredible warriors, trained for fighting and death almost since birth. They can defeat even the mightiest of militaries. The Persians lack these things, which is why we beat them against all odds.

What about as a culture, their customs and practices, do believe those are savage as well?

I never said the Persians were savages, I said they were behind, not yet reaching their full capacity… I do not believe they are savages, I believe they are not as intellectually advanced as us. They have no images of the Gods, no temples or places of worship, and they do not believe they exist in the same nature as men.

Which is both disrespectful, and uncivilized. There is no ceremonial sacrifice, the Persians simply cut the flesh of their victim, offer praise to whatever God they worship, with a Magi present of course, then do with the flesh as they please. Very primitive, in my opinion.

Another practice I have heard of, is that a Persian male is never buried before being left out in the open and ripped apart by some feral animal. Either a dog, or a bird of prey typically. Can you imagine, disrespecting the dead in such a way? And have you heard of their practice that involves drinking obscene amounts of wine before holding council?

I have. I’ve also heard that the Persians believe that this practice will help enhance their awareness and consciousness, that drinking before important discussions will offer new insights into their topic of discussion. What are your thoughts on this?

Herodotus Interviews Themistocles Continued from pg. 1

I think that is an act of sheer folly. Wine muddles the senses, and is used in times of celebration, or carelessness. Wine is something to be enjoyed, not a form of enhancing one's capacity to communicate. The Greeks use wine during festivals, or feasts, to drink when good things have come about. During council, or an important debate, one must have a clear mind, and smart words. With wine in one’s system, especially excessive amounts of it, you cannot make important, political decision. Making decisions at your countries expense while drunk, is careless leadership and profoundly ill-mannered.

It is difficult to assess a people’s practices when we are born of such different cultures. Do you think that all cultures should adopt Greek ways, or that Greeks are so profoundly superior that all other cultures are inherently inferior?

I think that Greece is superior, yes. Which means that other countries are inferior, but not in a bad, or offensive way. It is simply a fact that Greece is far more developed and advanced than other countries of this time. We have more developments in technology, architecture, writing, education, warfare, and culture, than many other surrounding civilizations. Greece has flourished, and continues to flourish. It will proceed in it’s advancement at a much more rapid pace than that of other civilizations.

Is it our worship of the Gods that places us higher than the Persians?

Yes, the Gods rule our lives and guide us through them, determining our success, or our failure. I mentioned the Persians lack of worship and their almost nonexistent image of Gods or Goddesses.

Without the guidance of a higher power, a civilization cannot thrive. Without the Gods, the Persians are existing without purpose or direction.

Without sacrifice, or ceremonies, or a deeply ingrained level of respect for the Gods, the Persians cannot possibly be as advanced as 2

Do you know what, if anything, the Persians worship?

Opinion

Herodotus Interviews Themistocles Continued from pg. 2

The Persians are very focused on nature, and being in touch with the natural world. The basic principle is to be one with your surroundings, to be in touch with the universe and it’s elements. They worship the sun, the moon, and the earth. They offer to fire, water, and wind, and much of their worship is done on mountains, or outside in open air. Out of all annual holidays, the one they celebrate the most is their own birthday, they feast all day long and drink excessively. The richest families feasting on many large livestock, and the poorest families eating small livestock or rodents.

Well thank you for your insight, I think we’re reaching our time limit, do you have any final thoughts?

(Above, fighting during the Greco-Persian war)

I would just like to thank you for your research and for your documentation of this glorious war. The work you are doing is very important and I am glad we have such an educated man filling the role. I hope you continue your work, and become very successful.

(Depicted below, an example of Persian worship, two Magi around an alter or temple) 3

Gods & Goddess Everyone must wonder about the gods and goddess in the world. They must wonder who is the most powerful, the most beautiful, and so much more.

Well it’s your lucky day because that’s what I am going to be writing about today. Let’s see, in my opinion, I think that Zeus is the most powerful god. For many reasons such as he is the god of all gods, he can create thunderstorms, but he can also hurl thunderbolts. He is very intimidating because he is can create thunderstorms that are worse than anything you could imagine. If you don't think that is powerful then I don't know what powerful means.

Opinion goddess. People always feel like they have to paint a portrait of her because she is the goddess of beauty, therefore she is the subject of some amazing art pieces. Now do you see why I think she is full of herself.

(This is Aphrodite)

(This is Zeus, the God of all Gods)

Hades is the creepiest of them all.

I mean come on you are the god of the underworld were you expecting anything less. He practically kidnapped Persephone, which is not very godlike. I don’t know how that is ok, but Zeus must not have a problem with it Let’s get to a happier god which would be Aphrodite. She is the goddess of love and beauty. To me she seems like someone who would be very full of herself, but she does also seem like the nicest god out there. In some locales she was a war goddess.

Anyway, people always ask me who I think is the biggest pig of them all. I 100% would have to go with Zeus.

The reasons why I think he is the biggest pig of them could go on for decades. For starters, he has had multiple wives. One of them being his sister Hera. But, that’s not all, he has also had many affairs as well. he has many children. With Hera his queen he had Ares, Eileithyia, Hebe, Hephaestus. with Metis he has Athena.

Since he had an affair with Leto and accidentally got her pregnant with twins, he has now added Apollo and Artemis to the crazy clan.

Hera went crazy when she found out about Leto.

By: Paige Bourgoin

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I would have too because it’s not like this was his first time cheating.

We see you Zeus. You can’t hide anymore. We know what you have done to these poor innocent women and we won’t take it anymore. This world wants you to start treating women with the respect that they deserve and have greatly earned. I think we should move onto a more happier god/goddess. Athena actually has a heart. She is the goddess of wisdom and war. This would make her caring and still protective. She is protective because she is the goddess of war, but she is caring because she is the goddess of wisdom. With war and wisdom combined this make for a powerful god. She must get all of her power from her father Zeus.

She also earned the title of patron goddess. She was competing with Poseidon to become the patron deity of Athens. They both gave a gift to Cecrops and in the end he felt that Athena’s gift truly represented the city-state of Athens. Poseidon was not happy when he heard this news, therefore he cursed the city so that they would never have enough water from then on.

(This is Athena, the Goddess of war and wisdom)

Gods & Goddesses

Opinion

Poseidon is the most destructive. He is the god of sea and he also has the power to create earthquakes. He is not a god you want to mess with. When someone makes him mad he either creates a gigantic flood or he creates a deadly earthquake. I guess you could die from both, which is kind of an issue. His children will grow up and probably follow in his footsteps. I would watch out because no one is safe with them in the world.

(This is Poseidon)

There are twins, Apollo and Artemis. Artemis is the goddess of hunt and wilderness, but after she helped her mother give birth to her brother, she became the goddess of childbirth.

When she became the goddess of childbirth, she ended up replacing Eileithyia. Eileithyia is the one that used to be the goddess of childbirth. Artemis strikes me as someone who is very active. She loves to be outdoors with animals. Artemis would do anything to protect the animals of the wilderness. Her twin brother Apollo is the god of sunlight, music, and poetry. I guess you could say he takes after his father because he had many love affair. Anyways, Apollo to me is considered non-violent because he offers ritual purification to those guilty of murder.

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Another reason is satyr Marsyas challenged him to a music contest, instead of an actual fight. Satyr Marsyas used his flute against Apollo’s lyre. The muses were the ones judging the competition and they agreed that Apollo should win over Marsyas.

As you can see that is not a person who could want to harm anyone in any way, unless it was absolutely necessary. They are complete opposites, but balance each other in a way that normal siblings would not be able to do. That is a really good thing to have when your a god because you can help them make the right decisions or help them make up their mind. Apollo and Artemis are the only set of twins that Zeus has. Everyone must wonder who the most jealous god is. That one is obviously going to be Hera. You would think she would be one of the nice goddesses, given she is the goddess of marriage and family and is considered the most powerful queen. But everybody has their ups and downs. She is married to Zeus. Zeus just happens to love to cheat and Hera does not approve in anyway. Whenever he cheats on her she always gets revenge against his lover. That is the definition of jealousy.

As you can see there are so many different gods and goddesses who have different characteristics.

Some are just naturally mean and some are kind of nice. I hope that you can relate with my opinion and see that I am probably right. With all of these gods running around no one is safe or no one is free to do what they want to do.

(This is Apollo and Artemis)

Opinion Pg.6 Fashion// building

Arius Zoonocker has came out with his new clothing line for the summer of 401B.C. It has men, women, and children in the clothing line. The clothesline features 5 new designs, and one design has a new design called a hood that goes over your head.

Mens clothing Arius is also rumored to be having a jewelry set dropping to match the women’s clothes line. The jewelry is said to contain bracelets, necklace, and headbands.

They are rumored to have beautiful jewels on a nice gold surface. The jewelry line will release a couple days after the clothing line.

I sat down with Arius to Jewelry interview him about his new clothes line.

Me: What inspired you to create this new line?

Arius: It came to me on a sleepless night I felt like the regular clothes everyone wears needed a new update to it so I did it and put it in the clothing line.

Me: How do you rate this line to others in the past?

Arius: I would say this is one of my more favorite lines, because it is so different than anything else I have created or anyone else has created with all the new looks and materials.

Me: Thanks Arius for talking with me today.

Arius: No problem, thank you for having me.

I went and tested the men’s wear that was in the line. I am impressed by most things about the clothes. I like the new material he used, it’s called Greek-fit, and the material is really soft and stretchy. It’s also good for on those hot days when I’m working it was wicking sweat pretty well. Some complaints I do have are the straps, don’t seem very sturdy and seem like they could rip.

Also, I don’t know the function or how I am suppose to use the hood on the robe. Besides that, I really like the new clothing line and I will definitely be getting some more when it comes out.

Shoes

King and queens crown

Military design

Erechtheum

Miltiades Hestro is creating a new design shoe that will be more comfortable and more durable for everyday use and a material that goes on your feet that you slip into your shoe to make it more comfortable and not as much rubbing on hot days. The shoe Miltiades is creating has a higher cut that will help with ankle support and help stop ankle injuries, as well as a super durable sole for the shoe that will not rip or tear on sharp rocks or other objects and will also be able to have a life span that will be a lot longer than any shoes or sandals on the market. The shoe will be worth 15 Drachmas per pair. The new material that goes on your feet will be tight around your foot to be almost like an extra skin and to also be able to slip into shoes at ease. The shape of the material looks like a foot so it will fit better and not slip down and be uncomfortable when you are walking. The socks will cost 5 Drachmas and will come in a pack of two.

The shoes and foot materials here will be introduced to the public a day before the next town market. They will then be able to be bought at the town market the next day.

In other news, Today the kings family gets new crowns today. Alexander the Great's new crown is 24k gold and has 400 shiny diamonds and rubies all around the crown. The queens crown is solid silver with one giant musgravite on the front. The crowns were created by Cleo who has done there crowns many times before. I got an up close look at the crowns really noticing how bold they were.

The military got an updated rough draft of a new suit yesterday. It has a better metal that is lighter and will stop the piercing of a sword making the soldier more confident. The suits design is different than the suits that the soldiers wear now. It has sleeves with metal, shin guards with metal and a reconstructed helmet that gives a better peripheral to the soldier. The suit is said to cost somewhere between 300-400 Drachma per suit.

A new temple is going up in Acropolis. The temple is going to be called Erechtheum and is going to be dedicated to Athena, the wonderful goddess of wisdom, daughter of Zeus. It is going to be iconic in style and it is going to have a unique porch with six Caryatids holding it up having an extreme amount of details. Right now we are not sure how long it will take to build but it won’t be soon. We do have an estimated price for the building. The building is rumored to cost 100,000 Drachmas.

Ancient Greek Olympic Athletes Updates Today we are going to update you on some of our most gifted and skilled Olympic Athletes. Enjoy!

Beast of a Boxer The boxer that never threw a punch.

Recently a new fighter has surfaced and is yet to be beaten. The handsome, strong and sly boxer from Caria has a style, unlike any other fighter.

Melankomas is the only fighter that has yet to throw a punch in a fight, his strategy is to block, deflect or simply dodge the punches thrown at him. His opponents soon tire and become frustrated. Melankomas does not use up as much strategy as his opponents throwing punches left and right which allows his fight all day, it is even said that he has kept his arms up for two straight days. His fans watch fight after fight, will Melankomas ever lose? Well we will have to keep watching.

Melankomas Warming Up For a Fight

Leonidas with Another Win.

Breaking news! Leonidas of Rhodes has won his third Olympic race. He has yet again earned the title of a more triple.

He's done so in the station, diaulos and the longer hoplitodromos. The stadion is a 200-meter sprint, the diaulos a 400meter sprint and the hiplitodromos is a 400-meter dash carrying 50 pounds of armor.

Opinion

By: Cynthia Rose

Melankomas Throws his First Punch

-Good morning boxers and fans.

-Today the two most skilled fighters will face off.

Melankomas and Krater, who both yet to lose a fight, today is the day one will see defeat.

-Both fighters are in impeccable shape and train rigorously, however, their technique and style of fighting differ immensely.

-Krater is an aggressive fighter and throws forceful punches that have broken the jaw of a previous opponent.

-Melankomas has never thrown one punch in a fight, he instead blocks, deflects or simply dodges the punches thrown at him.

-Will Melankomas be quick enough to avoid Krater's punches and will Kraters be able to keep his cool if the only opponent he hits is air? We will be back soon enough, for the fight.

- Ding Ding, Fight.

- The fighters shuffled around in a circle facing one another, with their arms up in fists blocking their faces.

-Melankomas unexpectedly throws the first punch!

Not only of the fight but of his entire boxing career.

- Smack//Gasps (From crowd) -Krater's struck on his right shoulder, his dominant and stronger arm. He lets out an Oof. -His face becomes red with anger, Melankomas smiles slyly.

-Katers moves in closer to Melankomas and throws two quick punches, the first is deflected, the second is dodged.

-Kraters lose his balance because his punches were so strong and tumble to the floor.

-Melankomas quickly attacks and kicks him in the head, he then draws back -Kraters get up in a daze -Everyone wonders whether or not he is concussed or okay.

- Kraters, with everything he has left throws rapid punches at Melankomas. Up down, left, right. Not a single one hits him.

-Kraters livid looks at Melankomas you can almost see the steam streaming from him like a teased bull.

-Kraters lower his arms, then lays down on the floor.

-Everyone is confused. One of the best fighters given up so easily and quickly.

-Melankomas is thrilled, he has kept the title of undefeated.

- Will the two face off again?

What's Clitus's Story?

Eutropius Clitus is one of the greatest chariot racers of Athens.

Clitus began racing when he was only 18 years old. He was forced to race by his slave owners, who were also on the Athens chariot team as well. Clitus was one of the stronger slaves of his group, that's why he was chosen to be on the chariot racing team. Clitus lead Athens and his owners to gold the first year he was apart of the Olympics. Many people were impressed with Clitus.

So much that people protested that he should no longer be a slave and live his own life. The owners did not go through with this until it went to court. The Olympic committee won the case and Clitus was freed. Clitus lived in a house with the president of the Olympic committee. This was worn Clitus would train and breed horses for team Athens. Clitus ended up winning 3 more gold medals and 1 silver. Clitus married Zoe Roxane and had 3 children with her. Clitus continued to be apart of the Olympics as after he retired he became an official. Later Clitus became President of the Olympic Committee. Clitus died at the age of 65. His kids would continue his legacy as they participated in the chariot race in 333 B.C. Olympic games. Maximus, Kallisto, and Ambrosia all won gold 4 years later in 329 B.C. Clitus legend continues to carry on in the Olympics as his legacy still inspires little kids all over Greece. He has impacted the sport and world so much that chariot racing might not exist today if it wasn't for him Till next time-Cynthia Rose from Greek News.

Opinion By: Gonzalo Moreno

Today we are going to be interviewing Greek pedestrians to learn more about Greek food.

What is the most common food?

In my opinion the most common food is fish. It’s a very healthy meal with a lot of variation. It’s very common especially in the places near the sea. There's many recipes to cook fish. You can eat it cooked or sometimes without eating.

What typical foods do you know?

There’s many common foods in Greece, all of them made by different ingredients. For example, Souvlakia is a very common plate. It is tiny chunks of pork, that are flavored with lemons. They are served with tzatziki, a refreshing mixture of creamy yogurt, cucumber, garlic and mint.

Does your family eat together ?

No, we don’t usually eat together. The men eat in one room or at one time, and the woman eat in another or at another time. The men usually play games, ate, drank and talked about philosophy for hours. This type of dinner was called symposium.

Which meal would you describe as the most important meal of the day?

In my opinion, breakfast would be the second most important meal. It gives me the energy to go and work . Lunch is the third most important meal, I don’t really consider it to be a meal because it’s just a break to get some food and get back some energy to keep on working. For me, dinner is the most important meal of the day. It is where I join my friends and have dinner and have fun. It also is a good meal after a long day of work.

What different types of bread is there?

There is paximadia it’s twice baked bread. We also have koulourakia this are sweet plain roles. This breads are less sweet that the others. There are olive rolls with herbs, pita bread and tsoureki. These are all breads eaten during festivals.

Why isn’t meat a common food?

The soil by the sea was not as rich as on the plains, so the Greeks use irrigation and crop rotation to keep the soil relatively fertile. In some of the larger Greek city-states, meat could be purchased in cook shops. Meat is rarely eaten as the Greeks felt that just killing and eating a domesticated animal (like goats) was wrong. The Greeks would often sacrifice the meat to the gods first and then might eat some of the meat.

What type of food did the non wealthy eat?

They grew olives, grapes, figs and wheat they also had goats that they used to get milk and cheese. They are a lot of bread, fruit and vegetables especially in the summer. Many of the Greeks lived near the sea and ate lots of fish, squid, jellyfish and much more seafood.

What breakfast do you usually have ?

Breakfast is the first meal of the day and we have to eat well to gain energies for work.We also eat tenganites which are made with wheat flour, olive oil, honey, and curdled milk topped with honey or cheese (similar to pancakes).

What lunch do you usually have?

Lunch is the second meal of the day it’s when we stop working and we take a break to have a small meal to eat light foods like figs, salted fish, cheese, olives breads.

These plates are similar to a Spanish plate called tapas.

If you are rich and if you want to be an athlete you will have to eat a diet that consists mostly of meat.

Bread is used sometimes as napkins by the wealthy people. The people that are poor and can’t afford meat will only get to try it in the festivals when they do the sacrificing to the gods.

Opinion

By Gonzalo Moreno

What do you drink when you’re having meals?

We drink water and wine. Wine would be watered down so it wouldn't be too strong.

We sometimes drink a thick gruel called kykeon, which includes water, barley, and herbs.

We drink wine from a large shallow cup called a "kylix." Sometimes the kylix has picture at the bottom of the cup that gets revealed the more wine we drink.

Melizitanes

What would be a common Greek food menu?

What dinner do you usually have?

The traditional Greek first course would be a selection of medesses, snacks. It would be followed by meat or fish served usually with salad. For example, Choriatiki salata combines tomatoes, cucumber, onions, herbs, capers and feta cheese. In the second course, we could have Melitzanes imam baildi.

This would be aubergines filled with ragout of onions, tomatoes, and herbs.

Ntolmes would be on the sides of the plate they are parcels of vine leaves tightly stuffed with currants pine nuts and rice. For the third course, mousakas is made of layers of fried aubergine and potato, spicy minced meat and savoury bechamel sauce, topped with cheese. For dessert, we will have Giaourrti Kali meli this would be a yougurt with honey.

Dinner is the last meal of the day, it’s the final and the appetite has grown everyone is usually angry after a hard day of work.

We gather with friends and discuss about philosophy .

Wheat plates like eggs, meat if you can afford it, legumes, fish. We also eat the vegetables that grow in that season like asparagus, cabbage, arugula.

Here are some interesting facts that we've found about Greek food. The Greek people don’t drink milk. They only use it to make cheese. The meat can only be afforded if you’re rich and if you want to be an athlete you will have to eat a diet that consists mostly of meat. Bread is used sometimes as napkins by the wealthy people. The people that are poor and can’t afford meat will only get to try it in the festivals when they do the sacrificing to the gods.

Ntolmes

Giaourti Choriatiki