P ta Pa t rei Merekindlus/ Battery Sea Fortress-Prison Tallinn, Estonia
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Introduction The project is a study for a contemporary architectural transformation of the Battery Sea Fortress-Prison in Tallinn, Estonia for inhabitation and public use. Battery building is a big structure very loaded with historical memory located in NorthTallinn, 2 km from the city center. The building was completed in ca 1840 as a Sea Fortress, but converted into a prison in 1920 and stayed as a prison until 2002. The massive limestone structure of Battery has been standing empty ever since.
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Battery buildings are owned by the State Real Estate of Estonia, who has been repeatedly unsuccessfully trying to sell the structure to investors. There are constant discussions on public media and amongst historians, architects and other specialists on future visions and desicions of the Battery buildings and the surrounding site. Thediscussions have been introducing programmes as Military Museum, Estonian Academy of Arts, hotel, etc. Since the Battery is so special structure and since it is so vast, all of those visions failed. At this moment Battery Sea Fortress-Prison is inpatiently waiting for its uncertain future. The building is ca 40.000 sqm, it consists of 3 main parts – Gorge building, Fleche building and Communication building, and several smaller structures mostly added during the Soviet area [book, page 11]. The site is surrounded by Seaplane Hangars where a Maritime Museum opened in 2012, abandoned Old Fish Harbour and a fastdeveloping Kalamaja residential area.
CONTENTS
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4 6 18 24 30 36 42 46 52 62 66 86 90 100 104
table of contents mapping culture kilometer limestone site photos drawings movement structure sketches model photos 19 stories media idea 001 idea 002 references
MAPPING
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Tallinn, Estonia
TALLINN Latitude 59° 26’ North and longitude 24° 46’ East Area 159.1 km2 Islands (1) Aegna 3.04 km2 Lakes (2) Harku 1.7 km2, Ülemiste 9.4 km2 Sea coast ast 46 km Land border order 59 km The highestt point i in Nõmme is 63.6 m above sea level. Tallinn is comprised of eight city districts, and, nd, as of 1 April 2012, the population is 416,470. Population density 2,618 p people per er km2
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Tallinn
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area around Battery
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9.00 am
3.00 am
N
N W
O
O
W
S S
10
9.00 pm
3.00 pm N
N W
O
W
O S
S wind rose, Tallinn
A B C D E F
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January February March April May June July August September October November December Year
monthly mean temperature in Tallinn (ยบC) 1971-2000 monthly mean precipitation in Tallinn (mm) 1971-2000 monthly mean humidity in Tallinn (%) 1971-2000 monthly mean wind speed in Tallinn (m/s) 1971-2000 monthly mean cloud cover in Tallinn (in tenths) 1971-2000 monthly mean sunshine in Tallinn (in hours) 1971-2000
A
B
C
D
E
F
-3,8 -4,6 -1,4 3,8 9,8 14,3 16,6 15,6 10,7 6,1 1,1 -2,1
51 34 35 36 37 61 77 83 75 76 69 61
87 85 81 75 69 73 77 80 83 84 87 88
4,5 4,2 3,9 3,9 3,8 3,5 3,2 3,2 3,6 4,0 4,3 4,4
7,2 6,2 5,1 4,2 3,1 3,5 3,8 4,1 4,9 6,0 7,5 7,6
24,0 54,8 122,3 185,0 286,8 291,5 293,6 240,2 147,6 89,3 30,2 17,8
5,5
693
81
3,9
5,3
1783,1
monthly mean weather statistcs
Tallinn Marina Days ´12
er
kopt
Heli ce n Ra
nukid
e evad urla Vedtsushow n ta
Tallin
en Vesil
Lava
koda
Valu
Lava
ce n Rak Tallin ipar d a a p
ud ohvik
ek
Suv
12
m
da gosa Tan inn Tall
neri
less Nob rtal kva
atla
urik
u Kult
Aed
atel
uurik
Kult
City
M
a Lavid ud asõ Laevala e Last b a Clu arin
ppela e hü Last sõidud d a laev hi Aida mad Koc Pike ud asõid a Laev roop u E ll Hote
mapping the area
PORT NOBLESSNER P B R
SEAPLANE E HANGARS
BATTERY
TALLINN AL L CITY Y CONCERT T HALL
THE CULTURE HU T HUB
OLD CITY HA HARBOUR
12
00
m
13
00
m
BALTIC C RA RAILWAY LW STATION OLD TOWN THE CR CREATIVE CITY
ROTERMANN MAN QUARTER
CH
BEA
LJA
ports & beaches of Tallinn
Ä ERIV
M
PIR
ITA B
EAC
H
PIR
ITA H
ARB
OUR
“TO
P”
VENE-BALTI HA
RBOUR
KAK
UM
ÄE
BEA
O
UR
CH
RB
ÄE
M
KU
KA
HA
BEKKER PORT MEERUS MARIN
A
KOPLI STR
BEACH
OO
MI B
EAC
H
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R OU R UR UR RB OU BO BO A B H R AR AR A H A H E IP E H R AM NI ND AR OU R AD AVA UR OU R HU SSA RB AS AR J BO RB NE HA K A O R J S S UR A E L A S PA BO I H E H LE AN UR TR MIN OB APL AR E H N E BO H S PE AR RT UR FIS H O P Y D BO ER OL AR TT NA Y H I A B KAD AR CIT RIO M RU TY OLD BEA CI CH D L O
Battery Buildings
GO M
M
UN
IC
AT I
ON
BU
ILD
IN
G
FLÊCHE
15
E
CO
BUILDIN G RIGHT
WING
LU NE TT E
RG
G
IN EFT W ING L D IL U HE B
FLÊC
F Y O R X TTE BO A LL B PI TAR R O
M
BER HAM C GLE NG SIN BUILDI
BUILT BETWEEN 1829-1917 BUILT BETWEEN 1920-1940 BUILT IN SOVIET TIMES
approximate areas on Site
total: 37.847 m² + 3209 m² + 1193 m² + 30 m² + 2853 m² = 45.132 m²
H
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37.847 m²
2853 m²
H
3209 m²
1193 m² 30 m²
H
approximate areas in the Building
4875 m²
2477 m² 231 m²
231 m² 950 m²
17 2573 m² 1070 m²
one level: 8427 m² + 5050 m² = 13.477 m² three levels: 25.281 m² + 15.150 m² = 40.431 m²
1070 m²
CULTURE KM.
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Culture Kilometer ´12
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CULTURE KILOMETER
ideas from Tallinn City Forum I (27.-28.10.2009)
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1 2 3 4 5
Bastion Belt interceptions connected Bastion Belt Esplanade Culture Kilometer Beach Promenade
6 7 8 9
connections new City Pattern opening city to sea temporary space usage/ time
(Suur T천ll; concerts; beach; park; Fish Market; EKKM; viewing platform; parking; tourists)
Culture Kilometer ´12
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CULTURE KILOMETER
culture kilometer; where else?
KALAMAJA CEMETRY PARK-SEAPLANE HANGARS-BATTERY
CULTURE HUB-OLD FISH HARBOUR-BATTERY-SEAPLANE HANGARS
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CULTURE KILOMETER
CREATIVE CITY-KALAMAJA-NOBLESSNER
CREATIVE CITY-KALAMAJA-BATTERY OLD TOWN-RAILWAY STATION-KALAMAJA OLD TOWN-CULTURE HUB
connection = entrance?
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LIMESTONE
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North Estonian Klint - selection of rocks
Kukersite – the Estonian oil shale.
Lasnamägi limestone.
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Kunda limestone with abundant nautiloids.
Iron-ooid-containing Aseri limestone.
Dictyonema shale at Pakri Peninsula.
Limy sandstone with kerogene (brown) of Pakri Formation.
Variegated limestone of Tõrvajõgi.
Glauconite sandstone of Leetse.
North Estonian Klint
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Tallinn Klint
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Interval 0,0-0,7
Abs. height 2.1 m
0,7-1,4
Description
Interval
Filling soil, clay sand – sand clay, limestone gravel, brick crumbs. Blackish g
0,0-0,7
Abs. height 7.2 m
Description Humus, coarse sand, including gravel and constructio Beige-like grey.
0,7-1,4
1,4-2,0 0,8--1,5
Filling soil, sand clay, including gravel and brick pieces. Very damp.
1,4-2,0
Filling soil, moraine, incl construction waste, greyish.
1,2--3,0
Aleurite sand, very even. Yellowish beige.
1,5--3,0
Filling soil, sand clay, sand fraction is of coarse up to average granular, inclu gravel and brick pieces, wet. Bluish grey.
3,0--4,5
Blue clay, dry.
Interval
Interval
Abs. height 3.0 m
0,0--0,8
Filling soil, sand clay, dirty grey, incl chippings and bric pieces.
0,8--1,5
Filling soil, sand clay moraine, incl brick pieces and chippings, dry and dense.
1,5--3,0
Interval
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Description
Abs. height 2.3 m
Description
0,0--0,8
Filling soil, clay sand – sand clay, limestone gravel, brick crumbs. Blac grey.
0,8--1,5
Filling soil, sand clay, including limestone and brick pieces.
1,5--2,0 Moraine, sand clay, with limestone pieces. Greenish grey. 20 30
Moraine, sand clay, including coarse sand and grave Bluish grey, dry and dense. Abs. height 5.7 m
0,0--0,5
Filling soil, consists mainly of sand, incl gravel and bric
0,5--1,5 1,5--2,5
Filling soil, sand clay moraine, including also chippings gravel.
2,5--3,0
Filling soil, sand clay moraine, including also gravel, c grey. Surface layer polluted with oil products, smells s
Interval
Abs. height 3.2 m
Humus-rich technogenic surface
0,7-1,4 1,4-2,0
Fine includes sand and gravel moraine, sand clay, including sandstone p
Interval
Abs. height 3.4 m
0,0--0,8 Abs. height 3,8 m
Description
0,0-0,7
Coarse crushed limestone chippings.
0,7-1,4
Limestone-rich clayish, mud-like. Bluish grey, very damp.
1,4-2,0
Clayish, probably humus-rich material. Blackish grey. Damp clay moraine. Greenish grey, dense, dry.
Interval
0,0--0,2 0,2--0,8 0,8--1,5
Abs. height 7.5 m
Description Humus, same type sand. Beige-like grey. Aleurite sand, very even. Yellowish beige. Aleurite sand. Whitish beige.
Description Filling soil, sand clay, dirty grey, including chip brick pieces. Filling soil, sand clay moraine, including brick hi i d dd
1,5--3,0
Abs. height 3.6 m
Description
0,0-0,7 0,7-1,4 1,4-2,0
Interval
Description
0,0-0,7
0,8--1,5 Interval
Description
Humus-rich technogenic surface, fine. Clay sand, includes gravel granules, blackish g
Boreholes results from site
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SITE PHOTOS
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photos from around the Site
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exterior photos from courtyard
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exterior photo os from around the Building
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photos from around the Site
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interiorr pho otos (Gorge Building)
DRAWINGS
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ground floor plan
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first floor (partial) plan
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second floor plan
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plans & sections
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sketch for site plan
MOVEMENT
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GATES
GORGE entrances / all from ground level, south
COMMUNICATION B. entrances / ground, 1. & 2. level
FLECHE B. entrances / ground & 1. level
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access
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circulation
STRUCTURE
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rethin nking the Gorge G
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rethinking the Communication Building
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rethinking the FlĂŞche
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rethinking the Building
SKETCHES
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rethinkin ng the Building g
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rethinking the e Building
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rethinking the Building
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rethinking th he Building
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rethinking the Entrances
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rooms with vaulted ceilings in the Building
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~
21
m
~ 10 m
typical room in Gorge Building
60 6 0
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space & material studies (Gorge Building)
MODEL PHOTOS
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typical ce eiling in G Gorge building
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typical room m in Gorge building
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Batte ery building
19 STORIES
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collage “memories of the Battery”
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collage “Battery Apartment”
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collage “Battery Art Studio”
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collage “Battery Arts & Architecture School”
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collage “Battery Theatre”
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collage “Battery Fitness Center”
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collage “Battery Museum”
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collage “Battery Office”
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collage “Battery Spa”
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collage “Battery Broadcasting”
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collage “Battery Hostel”
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collage “Café Battery”
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collage “Battery Fishmarket”
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collage “Battery Christmas Market”
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collage “Battery Station”
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collage “Battery Marina”
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collage “Battery Beach”
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collage “Secret Gardens of Battery”
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collage “Battery Concert Venue”
MEDIA
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Google search for “Battery prison” in Estonian
“The Evil of Battery Prison set the house of art historian Juhan Maiste on fire”. Postimees, 23.02.2012
Selection of newspaper articles on the topic of Battery Sea Fortress-Prison from the year 2012.
88 “Urmas Reinsalu: Battery 2020 - something for everyone”. Eesti Päevaleht, 01.09.2012
“Battery prison is on sale with a starting price of € 3 million”. E24, 27.04.2012
“The War Museum would like to relocate itself to Battery”. Tallinna Postimees, 16.12.2012
89 “Mati Mandel: Battery into sufferings and resistance museum!” Postimees, 16.05.2012
“Evelyn Sepp: National merchandising of sufferings should be ended”. Postimees, 26.08.2012
IDEA 001
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“UNFINISHED BUSINESS” 91
Battery Sea-Fortress Prison as a new Culture Hub of Tallinn as a project of combining: cultural heritage and cultural program & empty buildings and homeless projects.
a selection of “homeless” programmes in Tallinn
Estonian Public Broadcasting
92 Estonian Academy of Arts
Theatre NO99
need for space
Marina
Estonian Public Broadcasting ~21.000 m²
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Estonian Academy of Arts 26.738 m² Theatre NO99 ~5000 m²
re
ltu
Cu lom
Ki er et
Academy of Arts by SEA + EFFEKT, 2008
the old building was demolished; various problems occured before starting to build the new one
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Estonian Broadcasting by Nobel Arkitekter, 2007
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various problems occured before starting to build the new building
NO99 Straw Theatre by Salto, 2010
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NO99 Straw Theatre by Salto, 2010
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a temporary theatre of NO99 does not exist anymore
Tecnical Facilities Hall G- Stage Blacks:
14 legs 3 borders 4 borders 4 borders 4 borders 1 backdrop (2 pieces)
BXH 3,5 x 7 m 17x1,5 m 16 x 0,5 m 16 x 1 m 16 x 1,5 m 9x7m
1 1 housecurtain (2 pieces, pleated) 9 x 7 m Projekcionscreen Studio (grey) 16 x 6 m 1 7-layered accoustic curtain over the whole width
Halle G is a theatre that NO99 is thriving for
Traveller tracks 2 Trumph 95 incl. accessories Stage elements 40 stage elements 200 x 100 cm (500kg/m2)
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Seating rake seating rake for 336 people (incl. 4 wheelchair spaces) - 16 rows front segment can be removed (rows 1-6) Technical grid grid iron in seating rake and stage area Marley marley “Vario” for stage area of 16 x 16m black/grey Stage floor sprung wooden parkett flooring Truss aluminium truss Litec QD 30 á 15 m black Chainhoist 10 chainhoists DM Lodestar SWL 500kg (D8) 8-time controllsystem Hand winch bars (BGV-C1) 5 bars á 15m long, SWL 100kg distributed load Availability of additional materials can be arranged subject to prior reservation.
Halle G, MQ, Vienna
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IDEA 002
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Helsinki–Tallinna-tunneli verrattuna muihin Helsingi–Tallinna tunnel teiste tunnelitega võrreldes
tunneleihin
Päijännetunneli Päijännetunnel
120 km
92 km
Helsinki–Tallinna-tunneli Helsinki–Tallinna tunneli
St Gotthardt St Gotthardt peatunnel
-päätunneli
57 km
Kanaalitunneli Kanalitunnel
50 km
Helsingin metroverkko * Helsingi metroovõrk *
35 km
* Ma a n a l a i n e n os u u s 2 0 , 4 k m * Ma a a l u n e os a 2 0 , 4 k m
101 Kaksoiskaupunki Kaksiklinn mere all
meren
alla
Pasilan ratapiha-alue Pasila depoo
Uppoluoto (Gråskärsbådan) Pinnaalune laid
Helsingin matala Helsingi madal
Tallinnan matala Tallinn madal
Kansainvälinen Rahvusvaheline laevaliin 0
Muuga Muuga
laivaväylä
m
–50
–100
–150
–200
–250 92
80
Kova
kallio Kõva kalju
Pehmeä
kallio Pehme kalju
Meri
Meri
Metroasema
Metroojaam
60
40
20
0
km
Talsinki 2010-2050
90
HELSINKI HELSINGI
80
Uppoluoto uppoluoto
70
60 Helsingin matala Helsingi madal
50
102 40
Tallinnan matala Tallinn Madal 30 Uus uusmadal
matala
20
10
Helsinki–Tallinna-tunneli Helsingi–Tallinna tunnel Vanha junarataverkko vanha raudteevõrk TALLINNA TALLINN
Talsinki 2010-2050
Helsinki-Vantaan Lentoasema
Vantaankoski
Mellunmäki
Leppävaara
Itäkeskus
Vuosaari
Pasila
Kivenlahti
Helsinki Rautatientori
103 Kopli
Tallinna, Balti jaam
Muuga j. Polska
Ülemiste Lilleküla Tondi
Metroasema Metroojaam Klooga-rand
Aegeviidu
Juna-asema Rongijaam Raitiovaunupysäkki Trammipeatus
Baldiski
Juna/metro Rong/metroo Maan Maa all
Riisipere
alla
Raitiovaunu Tramm Rakentamatta Ehitamata
Talsinki 2010-2050
REFERENCES
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references
BATTERY: TALLINN:
http://www.patarei.org/eng/ http://www.tallinn.ee/eng/
WWW: 1 http://www.arhitektuurikeskus.ee/linnafoorumid/tallinn1/arenduskonseptsioon 2 http://pilt.delfi.ee/search/?query=kultuurikilomeeter&pageimg=1 3 http://www.sirp.ee/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13398:tallinna-teadmistepohine-merepiir&catid=20:arhitektuur&Itemid=25 4 www.nobel.dk/ 5 http://www.effekt.dk/ 6 http://www.lethgori.dk/ 7 http://pohuteater.no99.ee/pohuteater 8 http://www.salto.ee/ 9 http://www.klint.envir.ee/klint/eng/index.html 105 10 http://www.geoeducation.info/geoturism/index.php 11 http://www.emhi.ee/index.php?nlan=eng 12 http://www.artun.ee/index.php?lang=eng 13 http://news.err.ee/ 14 http://no99.ee/eng/ 15 http://talsinki.net/ BOOKS: 1 PATAREI merekindlus ja vangla Tallinnas; Juhan Maiste,David Vseviov; Tallinn 2011
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