Undergraduate Research Thesis - Interior Design_CEPT University_2019

SECOND HOME

Reflection of changing aspirations from primary home

By Helie Langalia Guided by Supriya Kukreja Faculty of Design, CEPT University

Declaration This work contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other Degree or Diploma in any University or other institutions and to the best of my knowledge does not contain any material previously published or written by another person except where due reference has been made in the text.

I consent to this copy of thesis, when in the library of CEPT Library, being available on loan and photocopying.

Student Name & Code No : Helie Langalia | Ui1214

Signature of student:

Date:

FACULTY OF DESIGN

Student Name & Code

:

Helie Langalia | Ui1214

Thesis Title

: Second home - Reflections of changing aspirations from primary home

APPROVAL The following study is hereby approved as a creditable work on the approved subject carried out and presented in the manner, sufficiently satisfactory to warrant its acceptance as a pre-requisite to the degree of Bachelor of Interior Design for which it has been submitted.

It is to be understood that by this approval, the undersigned does not endorse or approve the statements made, opinions expressed or conclusion drawn therein, but approves the study only for the purpose for which it has been submitted and satisfies him/her to the requirements laid down in the academic programme.

Name & Signature of the Guide

Dean, Faculty of Design

KASTURBHAI LALBHAI CAMPUS T +91 79 26302470 UNIVERSITY ROAD, NAVRANGPURA WWW.CEPT.AC.IN F +91 79 26302075 AHMEDABAD 380009. GUJARAT, INDIA

Acknowledgement

First and foremost I would like to thank my guide, Supriya Ma’am without whom my thesis would not have been possible. Her guidance, encouragement and genuine criticism helped me evolve through my thesis.

I am grateful to Krishna ma’am, KP sir, Amal sir, Jay sir, Snehal ma’am, Parantap sir, Hamid sir, for constantly endowing me with their wisdom, insight and experiences.

I thank them for helping me throughout my five and a half year journey at CEPT, which made me a better thinker and designer.

I specially thank Sanal sir and Sameera Rathod for providing me material and helped me to have a clear perspective for my research.

I am specially thankful to my amazing senior Kaveesha for her suggestions and guidance for choosing this topic. Helpful suggestions and valuable comments from Niti, Harsh Vyas, Divya, Shailja are invaluable.

I am especially grateful to Aashna and Parth for being constantly with me throughout my research and thank you for answering my calls for the discussion during odd hours. Also, discussions with Palak, Roma, and Anshumi provided me with some valuable inputs. A loud shout out to my entire 2014 batch without which my journey at school wouldn’t have been the same.

A special thanks to all my family members who agreed to participate in my thesis without whom this research would not be possible.

Lastly, but most importantly, I would like to mention that I am most indebted to my parents and my brother Harsh for unconditional love, continuous support and patience throughout all my years at school. I wouldn’t have been where I am today without you.

Author’s Note My five year stint at School of Interior Design, is mostly studio, lectures, design discussions, theory reading and field trips...

I’ve been to quite a few field trips during my tenure to varied geographical location from Kargil to Jodhpur, which gives me opportunity to peep in to the lifestyle, culture, custom, longing of people of my country.

When I look at people and their surroundings with the lens of design I started thinking...studying...identifying...analyzing... and suddenly realize how important it is to understand the basic needs, dreams and aspirations of people before you go to your drawing board !

Design is a journey from identifying intangibles....raw, tender desires and convert it in to tangible, fulfilling, self realizing spaces. Isn’t it?

As a design student, it is important to understand people’s life style and thought process. Important is... what they have today and what they are desiring for tomorrow and how to keep balance and provide what is best for them.

Table of Contents Introduction

01

Aim and objectives Scope and limitations Methodology CHAPTER I Understanding the concept | Dwelling, House and Home 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

Idea of dwelling Primary home Home in multiple places Aspirations Qualities of spaces

CHAPTER II ­ Second home | Definition and Meaning 2.1 2.2 2.3

30

‘Le Cabanon’ The ‘Machan’ house The ‘Experimental’ house ‘Eye on the lake’ The ‘Hermitage’

CHAPTER IV Case-studies 4.1 4.2

20

Defining second home Concept of Second home in West Concept of Second home in India

CHAPTER III Literature studies 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5

08

52

List of Primary case studies | Primary and second home Framework of case studies Kamdar family, Ahmedabad Kadam family, Bhopal Pandit family, Pune Salot family, Ahmedabad Mistry family, Ahmedabad

CHAPTER V Conclusions 5.1 5.2

144

Comparative analysis of second homes Second home - A result of changing aspirations

Bibliography

157

INTRODUCTION I vividly remember....my father purchased a plot in a plotting scheme “Suramya Abode” on Sanand-Nalsarivar road just 40 min drive from our home at Nehrunagar in city of Ahmedabad.

I heard him excitedly discussing his plans of making a small farmhouse on that plot with garden and spending Sunday’s there. I went to the site and enjoyed clubhouse made at site and cherish the openness, greenery and amenities like swimming pool, mini golf, indoor game rooms, restaurant, mini theatre etc.

Few months passed…. my maternal uncle purchased a plot at “Gulmohar greens” and built a farmhouse with sprawling garden. We used to go there occasionally, two-three families together and just chill out ourselves....talking endlessly, playing badminton, barbecuing in the garden. The overall feeling is very satisfying, fulfilling, and blissful.

While choosing my thesis topic, I promptly picked this subjectSecond homes, gleefully….as it interests me to the core and provide me opportunity to explore it further.

So...What is second home?

“Second“ in above term implies someone must have their first home already! While, “home” in the same term implies sharing or exploring the feeling ‘at home’ also at the second home. In essence…Is second home- a home away from home?

Or an escape from first home routine? Or, an effort to explore one’s self or carrying some emotional attachment at second home? This form the base of my thesis- to understand, explore and identify the underlying aspirations for owning a second home.

Actually, the idea of second home is not new. Concept of second home prevails since ages for want of different needs.

It dates back to centuries, when the needs of creating second home were very basic like royalties built summer and winter palaces to counter harsh weather of their kingdom. Whether it is hunting, climate or luxury, properties were developed during pre-Mughal, Mughal and British era in India.

While moving across centuries, it’s evident that with changing times, aspirations for second home evolve and change. After technological advance, climate control is available to all and

1

is not an aspiration anymore. After globalization and rapid urbanization, it makes possibilities of second home highly feasible. Free spirited and affluent Indians are also longing for second home since last few decades for varied needs and aspirations.

Worldwide, second home is described with broad consensus.

This term, second home is still unclear and debatable, but it is widely used and hence used in this thesis. Globally many different names are used in place of second home like vacation homes, summer homes, recreation homes, cabins, lodges, cottages, huts, flats, apartments, chalets, villas, farmhouses and in ancient times palaces.

This research will lead to a better understanding of the idea of second home by inquiring and evaluating varied definitions of second home.

To elaborate term second home....Researchers’ world over, tries to get into the psyche of the second home owner and re-examine in light of the stories that people tell us about the way they use these homes and in what ways they are same and different from the primary home.

Thus, there is a scope of examining this simple notion of second home by exploring the life of family in both the homes, their meanings attached, and their way of using second home through the lens of aspiration. This thesis will identify and extract inferences which are the initiators and possibilities that one might choose to look into while designing a SECOND HOME for their clients.

2

AIM The thesis intends to inquire and evaluate the differences in requirements and needs of people aspiring to make their second home.

OBJECTIVE • Identifying the possible reasons of people owning their second home (other than economy) and the different ways they use them. • Analyzing the variety of experiences second home owners are having and/or seeking in their lives. • To investigate the possibilities a designer might choose to look into, which can trigger to design a second home for a family to achieve the desired living experience.

3

SCOPE AND LIMITATION • The research investigates lifestyles, desires and aspirations of families. Hence data collected is subjective to individual’s responsiveness and revelations to inquiry.

• The family members came from a variety of backgrounds and occupation. The study is not limited to a particular family system or social section. These families belong to upper middle class segment of the economic strata.

• This study attempts to map the aspirations of people owning a second home. Here, the focus is to identify collective aspirations of a family rather than individual’s.

• The purpose of the study is to understand the meaning of second home and defining it in present urban context of India. The main scope lies in defining first and second home in this thesis.

• This research will limit its study on second homes as detached, non-mobile, privately owned, single family dwellings for secondary use, having an active usage by the family and not considered as a place for work or employment.

• Whereas, the primary home of each family in this research is defined as a place where they live presently and not studying their matriarchal/patriarchal home.

• Providing perspective based solutions instead of design solutions.

• Evaluation is not on the basis of economic reasons but concentrated on studying second home post-buying. The study is based on the quality of time spend at second home.

4

METHODOLOGY Qualitative research method is used to make cited inquiries.

The Mosaic approach is adapted to bring together different pieces or perspectives of families in place.

The Mosaic approach is a multi-method approach in which photographs, tours and drawings can be joined with the conversations and observations to gain deeper understanding of people’s perspectives and thought process.

This approach combines the traditional methodology of observation and interviewing the individuals. There are two stages in this approach. Stage one focused on gathering material using varied methods like- Observations, Interviews, Informal conversations and taking photographs. In stage two, these pieces of documentation were brought together supported by th quotes of family members from the interview.

Process: The research starts by discussing the idea of Dwelling, house and home to understand the interconnections and differences between them. Further extracting multiple definitions of second home explained by different authors and categorize them in order to create a foundation for literature studies and primary case studies.

A total of five families were interviewed for the thesis. In each family, I spoke to alteast two-three members, to understand their collective idea of second home. To know people’s thought process on their aspired second home, a very interesting interactive sessions were conducted. For that, I visited both of their homes; Primary as well as secondary home where I spent weekends with the family to get into their relaxed mind and understand underlying aspirations.

Each case study is further analyzed and represented in visual format. In order to draw conclusions all five second homes are compared to understand emerging idea of second home and its relationship within each family structure.

5

Understanding the concept

Existing

Primary Home Understanding Dwelling House & Home

DEFINING & DERIVING

?

Second Home

Data collected from books, articles, websites and illustrated through writings, photographs and diagrams

Multiple definitions/motives of second home by authors Extracting key words and categorizing them

Primary Home

Literature study

Second Home

Primary Case Study IDENTIFYING

Kamdar family

Kadam family

Pandit family

Salot family

Mistry family

METHODOLOGY

Informal Conversations with family

Guided-tour

(Spending weekends with families at second home)

Data-collection & Analysis

(Photography, sketches & plans)

Occupational, Lifestyle & Spatial Observations

ANALYSIS

Background (Family information & structure)

Family’s idea of second home

Activity Mapping

Qualities of spaces

Conclusions - Comparative analysis of all second homes - Derivatives from each study - Summary of theories 6

7

Chapter 1 | Understanding the concept Dwelling, House and Home

8

1.1 The idea of dwelling The pursuit of happiness is the ultimate goal of every human life. Happiness is a state of mind. For happiness to be experienced, a peaceful state of mind is basic need.

Heidegger (1993) in his essay of building, dwelling and thinking says, Dwelling means to reside or to stay at peace, to be content or “at home” in a place. He says basic feature of dwelling is sparing. He added, sparing from fourfold namely earth, sky divinities and mortals, brings peace in a dwelling. Such idea of dwelling invites peace.

Whichever activity we perform, if we are at peace, we dwell.

For example, whether we work, we do business, we travel... we dwell in that activity. We dwell in process because we are at peace in doing what we like. To be at peace, to be brought to peace, to remain in peace is a process of dwelling.

Dwelling is a place for habitation by human beings which could be house, home, building or a structure. Dwelling could be of many different types ranging from small cottages to huge palaces. The dwelling is seen as an element of spatial definition in the context of culture and change. It remains the place of expression of the thoughts, the lifestyle of the individual inserted in the communal life. In essence, where a person feels “at home” anywhere…is to dwell.

Massey (1993) also add to the idea of dwelling as notion of ‘rootedness’- of being in place.

House and home The house is a precise geometrical formation of spaces by floors, ceilings, walls, doors and windows but home is not just physical formation but psychological and social processes embedded in relation to its decoration, personalization and use. From this perspective it is possible to answer the question ‘what makes a house a home?’

9

A house is commonly ascribed as an economic value, an exchange value, an aesthetic value, and its use value. Whereas if there is an addition of sentimental and symbolic value in the same category, it becomes home. From our perspective, material and site characteristics are an important component of the physical characteristics of the house. Basically houses are spatially organized building materials on particular sites.

Any study of house and home is not complete without making form and influences of these spatial arrangements accountable. The spatial characteristics of house and the ways in which the meanings of home are formed, vary in myriad ways.

House are commodities, produced and marketed in many contemporary societies for financial profit within particular economic and technological constraints. A house is nothing but a hollow shell. A shell really is everything a house or any structure has, in which human beings live and work.

When a house emanates the warm feeling of security and familiarity that we experience at a family level, it becomes home. House is a symbol of strongly bounded and enclosed space but when instilled with warmth of emotion it becomes home.

Saegaert (1985) states: The notion of dwelling highlights the contrast between house and home. First it does not assume that the physical housing unit defines the experience of home. Home connotes a more active and mobile relationship of individuals to the physical social and psychological spaces around them.

Whereas, Creighton 01 says, Homes are not made when pieces of wood and bits of stone and sheets of glass are put together they result from people living comfortably and pleasantly in attractive surroundings.

House implies utilitarian and functional aspect of any structure. It just supports one’s daily mundane work and bodily functions. While home supports expression of emotions as well as enjoyment of family interaction within four walls.

10

Mere physicality of any structure serves as a shelter but only the color of emotion makes it a home.

Maslow’s hierarchy of housing needs are further modified

by Cooper (1975), providing the list of basic human needs.

Cooper enlisted both conscious and unconscious human motivations and personality. In brief, this hierarchy of needs are as followed: 1. Physiological needs (Climate control, cooking-dining, bedroom activity).

2. Safety needs (security, stability, protection, devoid of fear, anxiety and chaos) 3. Psychological needs (Inter personal relation with family and neighbor) 4. Esteem needs (reputation, prestige, status symbol, glory, recognition, attention, importance, dignity and appreciation) 5. Need for self-expression 6. Cognitive capacities (creating opportunities for exploring basic human needs) 7. Aesthetics needs (need for order, symmetry, closure, system and structure) Going through all seven categories of basic human needs it is evident that physiological and safety needs are just enough to make a house whereas, home needs much more than that including psychological, self-expression, aesthetic, esteem as well as cognitive needs.

To sum up these theories on house and home, home is multidimensional and more meaningful dwelling than house because; here resides not only a basic human need but their aspirations, emotions and interactions between spaces, elements and people.

11

1.2 Primary Home Perkins et al. (2002b) elaborates ‘home’ as... ...A site of freedom where residents can ‘be themselves’ and create a sense of self and identity.

Home deeply influence who we are, in a sense it shapes our behavior and personality also. It also provides us freedom to express, freedom to dream and freedom to achieve what we want.

Home is a primary space in relation to the journey of life in the world. It provides a person a position in society and make personal relationship with other home owners. From home, a person gets his identity, memories and personal image.

Home not only provides shelter from the outside force, but is a space in the psyche of the human mind. Gradually, a space in which we live begun to influence us profoundly and shape us somehow. The space we define as home, is a sanctuary, a refugee from outside world. Physical nature of space can affect a person’s feeling and perception. A confined space make a person uncomfortable and stifled. While an open space make him comfortable. We take on characteristics of our home imperceptibly. Thus, home provides us with an idea of permanence.

Further, ‘Home’ is defined by Perkins and Thorns (this volume, Chapter 5): ‘as the major site of family social relations and kinship interaction, a place to carry out the everyday routines of family life … The home is also private … a site for work … for leisure … for creativity, personal expression and achievement… establishing identity and in the presentation of self.’

That explains the primary home is where one spend the major part of their life with regularity, repetition as well as pattern of living. It provides comfort, livability and happiness.

12

According to Cohen and Taylor (1978), home after sometime becomes a habit and routine of daily life and sets in boredom.

For some people, being at home is a comfortable acceptance of arrangements and conventions of everyday life. They accept the reality and routine as rituals and they religiously followed it with pleasure and satisfaction.

But for some, responsibilities of daily life are a burden and routines a prison. In that case, individual resort to the psychological strategies of ‘observing’ and ‘self-distancing’.

When these strategies doesn’t work, they look elsewhere, they want to escape to an area where they can temporarily stay to assemble their identity in peace and feel ‘at home’.

In recent time, fast paced life and stress of daily activities make it difficult to be at peace, at primary home. According to Relph’s opinion, this concept of primary home or dwelling is considered to be under threat from commodification, advanced technology in communication and mobility and other globalization, which dilutes the original meaning of dwelling- keeping a person feel homelessness, placelessness and incomplete (Relph, 1976). Our modern life does not mean fulfillment of all the inner desires and aspirations. In this modern time, fast paced life with daily pressure of work makes a person stressful and striving for escape from routine and wanted to recharge their inner energy with something basic as peace, relaxation, leisure and novelty of place, time and activity.

1.3 Home in multiple places We explore the process of living in multiple places through a variety of contexts and practices. Here we seek to provide a conceptual overview of the influences involved, and how these influences are impacting our understanding of home, place and identity.

Muller states, in recent times, demand for second homes has increased significantly, enhanced by growing societal affluence, as well as by technological and transport advances and the economic growth associated with globalization.

This growth of second homes increases manifold with the reason being easy accessibility, easy mobility and efficient communication facilities.

13

In terms of human mobility, there is now a growing awareness of how circulation between different places no longer represents an aberration from ordinary, settled life, of primary home but rather has become for many a normal part of contemporary lifestyles (Olwig 1997).

Many people live and spend time in more than one place, moving between locales on a recurrent basis (McHugh, Hogan and Happel 1995: 251).

So day-by-day increase in movement between primary and second homes is one of the example of how mobility has become an increasingly normal part of contemporary living.

To enjoy different spheres of life like work, recreation, leisure and self-expression people nowadays begin dwelling in multiple places.

‘Multiple associations with places that contribute to a balanced, meaningful existence such that people can feel “at home” in more than one place’ (Quinn, 2004, p. 127).

Places may mean different things to different people, and meaning of places are continually defined and redefined.

Now a days people associate themselves with more than one place. Increased mobility and easy communication make them live their life at different places seamlessly, comfortably and efficiently. So finding peace at more than one place is possible for modern man.

Second home is associated with location, experience and time. Location through scenic beauty, nativity, landscape and experiences through relaxation, peace, inversion and time through leisure as well as pleasurable activities.

Segmented life-spaces and corresponding timeshare is a way of living for contemporary owner of multiple dwellings.

They tend to develop deep attachment with the places they belong. With time and frequent visit to the places of their choice, they try to find meaning in their activities there. With technological advances, modern men find more leisure time from routine life and have control over that time, utilizing it meaningfully at varied locations.

14

1.4 Aspirations According to oxford dictionary, An aspiration is “steadfast desire or longing for something above one” Elaborating the above definition, it can be said that, aspirations are long term and have a stronger basis of effort and perseverance upon which a desire is realized. It always makes a person long for more positive and meaningful goal.

Aspiration is yearning to achieve something. Aspiration is a fuel to drive a person to realize his desire. Aspiration resides deep inside - and sometimes buried, inside our heart. Small or large, simple or profound, elegant or grand, it is present in everyone. It is like a voice that urges us to use life well and to make the best out of whatever gift, passion or talent one possesses.

Aspiration drives a person from dream to its realization.

Aspiration moves an idea, a thought, and an inner desire... from virtual to real.

Aspiration channels our time and energy in a way that brings meaning and satisfaction. It helps us do things differently and play an active part in creating a better world. It connects us with like-minded people and helpful guidance that will help us realize our dreams.

Aspiration can vary according to the person, place, time and situations. At personal level, one’s intelligence, sensitivity level, commitment level, and capabilities shape a person’s aspirations. According to sherwood (1989), aspiration can vary according to the time, effort, and money one willing to invest. To fulfill aspirations, individuals make efficient choices to maximize their satisfactions and minimize their dissatisfactions.

Desire + Willingness (time, effort & money ) = Aspirations

15

In depth understanding of aspirations through interview will reveal the exact need and desire of a person. From that perspective a designer can create living spaces and provide elements and make a space livable. ‘Life is rich, always changing, always challenging, and we architects have the task of transmitting into wood, concrete, glass and steel, of transforming human aspirations into habitable and meaningful space.’ - Arthur Erickson This is the best an architect/designer can contribute towards the aspiration of second home owner. It transforms the intangible emotions into a tangible physical shape. Such aspirations increase scope for a designer to get under the skin of person’s actual emotional spectrum and have an opportunity to convert that into a well customized design.

16

1.5 Qualities of spaces Prevalent notion of dwelling spaces consists of drawing room, kitchen, bedroom, toilet/bathroom. Other spaces like living room, TV room, more than one bedroom, Pooja room, dining room are added. As per the need of the inhabitant, the scale and proportions of these spaces increases or decreases.

This scope may extend to outside spaces also in the form of verandah, garden, courtyard, if the size of the house and surrounding area permits.

Francis Dk Ching (2007) explains qualities of spaces extensively in his book form, space and order.

The qualities of space as listed below in table influence the properties of enclosure and it results in a product befitting the aspiration of inhabitants. Perception of these qualities is often influenced by culture, past experience, personal interest.

The degree of enclosure of space is defined by the configurations of elements like openings and it affects the perception of form and orientation.

17

Properties of Enclosure

Qualities of space

Shape

Form

Surface Edge

Color Texture Pattern Sound

Dimension

Proportion Scale

Configuration

Definition

Openings

Degree of enclosure View or outlook Light

The quality of spaces in a home, influences a person to remain happy and live comfortably. To understand why people feel at home at more than one place, it is necessary to understand the qualities of spaces in both the homes.

These principles mentioned by D. K Ching can be reinterpreted in a different manner more or less as per the inhabitant’s requirements. Characteristics of a house or a dwelling can be understood by these parameters.

Form and organization Proportion of spaces Openings (size, view, degree of enclosure, light & ventilation) Spatial relationships Relationship between inside and outside Circulation Land-building relationship

18

19

Chapter 2 | Second home

Definition and meaning

20

2.1 Defining second home Internationally, the most widely used term to describe the phenomenon of people owning or utilizing some sort of dwelling for secondary purposes is a second home.

According to Norman McIntyre (2006), the concept of a second home is many a times difficult to tie down. The term second home constitutes a range of types with having different location, function and character.

Worldwide, many different terms are used to describe second home. Examples such as vacation homes, summer homes, recreation homes, cabins, lodges, cottages, huts, flats, apartments, chalets, villas, sports cabins and farmhouses, etc. Other types of dwellings that are essentially used in the same way and are sometimes labeled as second homes include caravans, tents and boats. Broadly, three groups of second homes may be recognized: Stationary, semi-mobile; and mobile (Hall and Mßller 2004, p. 5) as shown in the table below. This suggests myriad varieties of form, function and activity based structure available across the globe catering to people’s inner needs, desires and aspirations. Many researchers uses a pragmatic approach in determining and defining second home, hence the primary focus is on nonmobile second homes.

Second home characteristics: Type Non-mobile

Structure Houses and Apartments

Semi-mobile

Camping

Mobile

Boats

21

Buildings/vehicles Solitary cottages and houses, Apartment buildings, cabins, lodges, villa, farmhouse etc.

Trailers/Mobile homes, Recreational vehicles, tents, caravans Sailing boats

What is second home?

Second homes consists of different forms as houses, cottages, cabins and condominium (having varied forms and being recognized by various names throughout cultures and across the countries) that are located in the countryside (usually riversides, lake-shores and beach-fronts) and urban locations, and also used more or less for recreation and other activities. The essence of second home definitions is that the owners of a second home must have their primary home somewhere else, where they spend the majority of their time. (Tombaugh, 1970; Ragatz, 1977). Whereas, Coppock describes second home as ‘a property owned or rented on a long lease as the occasional residence of a household that usually lives elsewhere’. For some people, there is a very clear difference between their primary and second homes. They spend almost all of their time living in their primary home and go to their isolated ‘rustic’ self-built second home for brief periods, perhaps long weekends, and for longer periods in the summer or winter, depending on their recreational interests. Some people prefer second home to acquire many of the comforts of their primary home and situated somewhere outside the urban settings.

Though there are differences in defining second home as a phenomenon, some similarities between the terms and definitions are direct and clear; A second home is a dwelling used for temporal visits by the owner or someone else, and is not the user’s permanent place of residence.

We realize that these definitions simplify an increasingly complex and varied set of physical, spatial, social, cultural and symbolic forms and experiences enclosed in the notion of multiple dwelling.

In the course of defining second home it extremely becomes important to define primary home. In this context, we define primary home as the house in which family members reside for maximum time of their day, largely occupied by employment and family commitments.

22

Why have a second home? | Motives There are multiple researchers trying to define second home with their different lens. Placing all of their views together, few common factors have been derived which can be identified as the driver of second home ownership.

From the above chart, some prominent and acclaimed researchers like McIntyre, Coppock, Fountain & Hall, Timothy, Jaakson, Williams and Kaltenborn, Muller and Hall, Chaplin, Cohen and Taylor provides their valuable views on this subject.

From their extensive studies some common motives/factors of second home ownership are evident as below.

Lifestyle/Leisure Context/Location Self-development Identity Escape These multitude of motives suggests people’s involvement in owning and utilizing second home. There are numerous other literature available which leads us to the unexplored factors other than what is derived above. But the above mentioned factors are broadly addressing the subject.

Thus the implication to be drawn out of above mentioned definitions and motives is that life at the second home is an extension of life at primary home.

Life at second home is nothing but mere manifestation of desires “unfulfilled “, due to rushing routine of first home.

Second home, is somewhere complimenting the primary home. It recharges a person enough to make his life at primary home productive and efficient.

Williamson and kaltenborn (1999) summarize the practice as both escape from, and extension of, modernity. Sense of placelessness and insecurity associated with time-space constraints of modern life can be countered by second home ownership. It is facilitated by effluence and mobility. Longing for multiple dwelling for carrying out different spectrum of activities, in modern practice is to increase the perception of life to the fullest.

23

DEFINITIONS (Fountain & Hall, 2002; Timothy, 2002) Different dimension of lifestyle at second home.

Travel-decision making and second home.

More interaction with family members and togetherness at second home Daily routines and projects of individual family members are less complex and more interwoven with other family members in second home

(Jaakson, 1986; Williams & Kaltenborn, 1999), ‘Back to nature’ and adapting nature to their liking Following simple rural rustic lifestyle in second home

(Jaakson, 1986; Halseth, 1992)

Seeking refuge in nature at second home

Seeking identity through creative work not only as property maintenance but also as a means by which owners can express their identity.

Amenity-rich landscapes irrespective of the travel time.

Attractiveness of the location.

(e.g. Giddens, 1991; Williams and Van Patten, this volume, Chapter 3).

Seeking identity through second home ownership representing emotional connections with places of childhood, family or ancestry

Due to adverse influences of modernity, which have radically restructured time– space relationships.

To correct problematized traditional notions of place, home and identity

(Shurmer-Smith and Hannam, 1994,Giddens, 1991).

The need to ‘become’ – to engage in the modern project of self-development.

A retreat; a place to escape from the pressing realities of modern life.

CASE-STUDY SELECTION

- Where the family is living presently - Permanent place of residence - A place to carry out the everyday routines of family life - A site for work, employment and family commitments - Not recognized as owner’s patriarchal or matriarchal family

Quest for the authentic and the real life as a motivation in second home

SELF-DEVELOPMENT Daily life responsibilities- a burden, and the routines- a prison.

Self-distancing

In a study by Chaplin (1999), To escape from all the pressures and competitiveness of modern life.

(Jaakson, 1986; Halseth, 1992) •

Escaping Modernity

Temporarily absent ourselves from the paramount reality, to assemble our identity in peace or with new and more powerful symbolic resources

ESCAPE

- Removal or inversion from everyday life (Wolfe, 1951; Jaakson, 1986; Williams and Kaltenborn, 1999) - The experience of informality and relaxed everyday lifestyles (Jansson and Müller, 2003) and related themes – escape (Chaplin, 1999a) - A ‘return’ to nature (Jaakson, 1986; Williams and Kaltenborn, 1999) - As an investment (Clout, 1972) - Associating with ideas or ideologies about rurality (Jaakson, 1986; Geipel, 1989; Müller, 2002b); - Personal identity (Jaakson, 1986; Kaltenborn, 1997b; Löfgren, 1999).

- Identity management (contrast to modern, everyday life, status symbol) - Recreational and psychological ‘maintenance’ (contact with nature, social networks); and - Pragmatic reasons (capital investment, life phase, child-friendly, relatively inexpensive holidays).

DEFINING PRIMARY HOME

As Kaltenborn (1997a) observed,

To create or recreate a more authentic self.

KEY WORDS

Kaltenborn (1998) suggested:

Filter

The need to ‘be’ or to ‘dwell’ – to develop attachment to a specific place

(Cross, 1992; Chaplin, 1999a; McIntyre et al., This volume, Chapter 8)

(Cohen and Taylor, 1978, p. 94).

IDENTITY

Resultant

(Heidegger, 1993)

CONTEXT/LOCATION

(Jaakson, 1986). (Kaltenborn, 1997a, 1997b; Löfgren, 1999).

Two of Giddens (1991) identity dilemmas

Amenity-rich regions such as mountains, lakeshores, coastlines and forests.

KEY WORDS

Exploring identity through creative work on the property like gardening or outdoor activities such as hiking.

(Tombaugh, 1970), (Hall, 2004b)

Climate as key attraction at second home.

LIFESTYLES/LEISURE (Jaakson, 1986; Müller, 1999), Chaplin (1999)

(Aronsson, 1989; Müller, 2002a)

KEY WORDS

Definitions from literature

Leisure and second home.

(Jaakson, 1986)

CASE 1: KAMDAR FAMILY, AHMEDABAD CASE 2: KADAM FAMILY, BHOPAL CASE 3: PANDIT FAMILY, PUNE CASE 4: SALOT FAMILY, AHMEDABAD CASE 5: MISTRY FAMILY, AHMEDABAD

DEFINING SECOND HOME - Owners of a second home must have their primary residence somewhere else - Temporary place of residence - Detached from primary home - Non-mobile - Privately owned - Single family dwellings for secondary use

CASE STUDY ANALYSIS FIRST HOME

ASPIRATIONS

SECOND HOME

24

2.2 Concept of second home in West Concept of second home in western countries is not new.

Second homes were spreading around the continent of Europe and Americas since ages. For instance, the well-todo individuals in old Rome had their country villas in the surroundings of the empire’s capital, the Russian tsars had their winter palaces and the eighteenth century Parisians had their maisons de plaisance (Clout, 1972).

In many western countries, ownership of second home as Fig 2.2.1 Winter palace for Russian recreational as well as vacationing activity has a prolonged Tsars in St. Petersburg, Russia. history dating back even before the roman era. The increase in the scale of second home ownership in most western countries is a new development in recent decades (Dijst et al, 2005).

In Europe, the tradition of second homes is quite old, particularly in the northern European countries (Norway, Sweden and Finland), summer cabin ownership is owned by many, and second homes are frequently handed over down the generations (Jaakson, 1986; Kaltenborn, 1998; Müller, 2002a; Flognfeldt, 2002). New buyers of second home are on the increase. Second homes have also been an important part of social life along the Mediterranean coasts of Southern Europe (Gosar, 1989).

In Norway the concept of hytte, meaning a cabin also known as cottage, has for many years been taken to understand the concept of a ‘second home’. Through generations, Locations of second home is ranging from coast-lands to forests, mountains and even on the fringes of farmland. It’s an escape from urban environments, engaging in recreational activities and alternative lifestyles.

In Finland, 25% of the households own a cottage and even more have access to one, since cottages are increasingly used by extended families. For many Finnish people, the primary home in the city and summer cottages shares half of their life and home activity equally. Most summer cottages in Northern Europe provided escape from the everyday environment of city, town and village life, and gives shelters during hunting and herding sheep and cattle.

25

Fig 2.2.2 Sanssouci palace Summer palace (French: Maisons de Plaisance) of Fedrick the great, king of Prussia, near Berlin.

Fig 2.2.3 Cottages at the shoreline of Lake Muskoka in Ontario

The situation of second home ownership in the United States is not as old as in Europe, although today it is becoming more common phenomenon. Second home development in United States is primarily located in areas having aesthetic beauty besides lakes, seas, and in mountain areas, where there were more opportunities for recreation (Clout, 1970, 1972). While in United States, some of the second homes were built for hunting and herding, while most of it were built as a result of climatic conditions. People in hot climates built homes in higher altitudes, in mountainous region to escape harsh summer heat, while people in colder climate built them to shelter them from the bitter cold of winter.

The scenario of second home in Canada is almost entirely associated with recreational activities and vacationing.

While a number of terms are used to describe these second home properties, including chalet, cabin, camp, or cottage, it is commonly identified as ‘cottages’. Canadians have been escaping to the countryside, usually the lakes, for over a century (Wolfe, 1951), so the second home has been widely popular and a common phenomenon in western Canada.

However, second home development happened relatively at well-defined area of lake and river systems and also concentrated in and around Mountain national park and the provincial park systems. It is very evident that amenity landscapes have been strong elements in the creation of cottaging country in Manitoba, and multiple-use water bodies have been particularly effective in attracting cottagers and cottage communities. For many Manitobans, the cottage vacation is an extremely important part of their lifestyle, an elemental expression of their roots and a valuable means of maintaining kinship ties.

Fig 2.2.4 Vacation Cabins, Fishing Cabins, Hunting Cabins, Family Vacation Cabins and Bird Watching & Ecotourism Cabins on Lake of the Woods, Ontario, Canada

Running across the Europe and American continent it is observed that second home is acquired, keeping in mind the consumptions of scenic beauty, creating leisure activity, opportunity along lake fronts, sea fronts and getting hunting and trekking activities.

26

2.3 Concept of second home in India Concept of second home is not only for comfort, but need based during British era and before. Only affording class like, royalty and few rich businessmen including British can afford second home. Climate control and comfort of today‘s home were not available during that era. So, they developed summer and winter retreat homes and palaces at different places in India. Summer home at Shimla, Ooty... were very popular in those times.

To escape from the sweltering heat of summer in the plains of Ganges, Britishers developed Shimla, as a summer retreat hill station. The concept of whole city being a place for summer retreat was becoming popular during the British era. Some other examples include Mahabaleshwar and Panchgini.

Shimla, then known as ‘Simla’, became the summer capital of British India in 1864, and were also the headquarters of the British army in India and many department of the government. The ideal climate of Shimla encouraged many British soldiers, merchants, and civil servants to migrate here to escape from the heat during summer. Command house, Gaiety theatre, Town Hall, railway board building, Gorton castle, vice regal lodge are some of the architectural work still present, representing the era.

During this era, India’s green cover is vast and dense and, inhabited by range of animals. Royalty as well as British people enjoy gaming and hunting in these jungles frequently.

Hunting home is a resultant product of this activity. Royalties along with Britishers, hunting guides and escorts usually went into forest for gaming/hunting for weeks together. For this, they need some kind of shelter where they can visit frequently.

Ghanerao jungle lodge, near Ranakpur, Rajasthan; Shikarbadi hunting lodge of the royal family of Mewar, at the foothills of Aravalli mountains; Sawai Madhopur lodge, near Ranthambore national park which once existed as a historical lodge where Rajahs and Maharajas of Jaipur used to stop whenever they needed some rest in between their hunting trips. These are some of the examples of grandeur of hunting homes during princely states.

27

Fig 2.3.1 Sawai madhopur lodge near Ranthambore national park

Fig 2.3.2 ‘Shikarbadi’ hunting lodge in outskirts of Udaipur, Rajasthan Former palace plus hunting lodge, presently turned into hotel

During that era, polygamy was prevalent amongst royalties.

For leisure and comfort of their queens, King develops palaces in closer proximity to their kingdom. Hawa Mahal of Jaipur and Shanivar-wada of Pune are few of the examples of second homes.

Fig 2.3.3 Hawa mahal, Jaipur

In Indian context, trending aspiration of second home is to own a home at some distance outside city limit and encompassed with nature. This is recognized as farmhouse culture in second home category and is seen very prevalent and popular in Ahmedabad city. In Mumbai it is witnessed that tight urban spaces and fast paced life makes them reach out to areas like Alibaug and Lonavala as their preferred second home destinations.

Fig 2.3.4 Ghanero jungle lodge, Rajasthan

The Viceregal Lodge Shimla is commonly known as the Rashtrapati Nilayam (the President’s House) and the reference is to the era between independence to the mid 1960’s when Indian Presidents used the lodge as their summer retreat. The Viceregal Lodge was the summer residence of the Indian Viceroy, the British Raj leader who governed the whole of the Indian subcontinent between 1888 until 1946.

Fig 2.3.5 Viceroy’s lodge in Shimla

28

29

Chapter 3 | Literature studies

Literature studies are carried out to understand different ideas involved in making of second home, to understand how second home spaces are, their characteristics and elements utilized in second home.

The second homes taken for the understanding: ‘Le Cabanon’, Paris The ‘Experimental’ house, Finland The ‘Machan’ (Tree house), Lonavala ‘Eye on the lake’, Khadakwasla dam The ‘Hermitage’, Kasauli 30

3.1 Le corbusier’s Le cabanon

Fig 3.1.1 Le corbusier at work besides le cabanon

MOTIVES TOWARDS SECOND HOME

How often?

Use/ Purpose?

Le Corbusier and his wife Yvonne During summer holidays - Spend days in Christmas.

- To rest and work together.

- Also when Corbusier used to travel, his wife visits alone to relax.

Reasons/needs? - Maximum detachment to worldly goods to seek solitude with nature.

- To spend quality time together.

Le Corbusier famously noted: “On December 30th 1951, on a table corner in a little snack bar on the Cote d ‘Azur, I drew- as a birthday present for my wife, the plans for a small holiday house, or cabin, which I built in the following year on the end of a rock lapped by the waves. These plans(my own) were drawn up in threequarters of an hour. They are final; nothing has been changed; the little house was built from a clean copy of these drawings.”

33

BRIEF The studio apartment designed in the year 1931 by renowned architect Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret, his cousin and associate, the building called “24 N.C.”, located at rue Nungesser-et-Coli, at the border between Paris and Boulogne is architect’s own residence.

The studio apartment occupies the last two floors of the apartment block and houses his painting studio.

In 1952 Le Corbusier gave his wife Yvonne a little wood cabin, “le cabanon,” as a birthday gift. It is a small vacation abode and their favorite spot to have a glance at the Mediterranean shore line and spent time together for their summer holidays within the gorgeous vistas of the sea and its infinite shades of blue surrounded by green cover. For him, this second home was so comfortable and the location being very rewarding, two years after the completion of le cabanon, Le Corbusier decided to add a small studio in 1954, where he could study, write and draw while gazing at the sea.

Primary Home

Fig 3.1.2 Studio apartment, Paris

Second Home

Fig 3.1.3 Le cabanon, Cap-Martin, S.France

34

Second home with the idea of

Location

Primary home Le Corbusier named his studio apartment as “One of the finest sites in Paris�

Fig 3.1.4 Location map

Fig 3.1.5 Le Corbusier in his studio

Alloted functional spaces in primary home

Fig 3.1.6 Dining room

Fig 3.1.7 Sanitary elements in the bedroom

Fig 3.1.8 Corner with chimney/Living

35

Fig 3.1.9 Painting studio

Second home

1. Eileen Gray’s villa 2. Unites De Camping 3. Restaurant Letoile De Mer 4. Le Cabanon 5. Baraque De Chantier

Fig 3.2.10 Site plan Le Cabanon is in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin on the cote d’ Azur in the south of France, near the French/Italian border.

It’s location is somewhat secluded and is relatively unknown, till today. The location is such that one needs to walk the trail on the pedestrian footpath from the train station to reach the Cabanon, As there is inaccessibility by automobiles and devoid of traffic noise, it allows one’s mind to re-adjust, to distance oneself from the cityscapes, mentally and physically, and away from everyday worries. It is placed on the contour of the local topography facing south-west towards the Mediterranean Sea.

Fig 3.2.11 A narrow pathway leading to Le Cabanon

Fig 3.2.12 View to south-west over the roof of Le Cabanon

36

Second home with the idea of Minimalism Le Corbusier published Le Cabanon on two pages in his (Euvre Complete, Volume V) with a simple text stating: “Application of the modulor. Single room of 366x366 cm floor area and 226 cm height, prefabricate at Ajaccio. This type of construction has proved to be most satisfactory.�

The space, in which the couple live in, is reduced to minimum with no elements other than essentials, yet surplus and enough to satisfy him. Corbusier focused in making an optimum design with modest dimensions.

Everything is made in the simplest way and adequate to meet the basic needs. A working area, a resting area, a wash-basin, a lavatory, a table, storage, a coat-rack, all are organized into a square cell beneath a single slope roof. The various zones are clearly organized in a sequence of nautilus shell. Also, Le Corbusier incorporated his Modular, a proportioning system of measurements where he argues about harmony of man with the built environment. This small weekend house is a beautiful contradiction to all the buildings he has created which are finely crafted them with spatial manipulations, whereas Cabanon is handmade and rustic in character.

It is clearly evident from the above plan that a spatial harmony is created in his cabin by smartly organizing various zones of its living arrangement with sleep area, dressing area and a work zone.

To avoid cluttering in the space, a clever move of connecting the interior door of Le Cabanon to the interior of the restaurant was taken by Corbusier. So that he could have an access to the interior of the restaurant, its pantry and refrigerator. The Modulor living was untouched and kept pure by creatively outsourcing the mundane daily living activity of kitchen.

Fig 3.1.13 The door at the entrance hall connecting the interior of the restaurant L’etoile De Mer

Here, in Cabanon, his idea rests in living a simpler life in this home, resting and working in a peaceful environment which is comfortable and satisfactory.

Fig 3.1.14 Interior view of Le Cabanon 37

Fig 3.1.15 Plan, Le Cabanon

Fig 3.1.16 Cross section looking Northwest

“I adore this nook. And I always wanted to build a little house. The idea came to me during a 15 day cruise I took. My cabin measured 3m x 3m with a dresser and a bathroom. Not a square centimeter was wasted. A little cell in the realm of human existence where every eventuality had been foreseen. My ‘cabana’ in Cap-Martin is a little smaller than my luxury Cabin on board [the ocean liner] was. What especially scandalizes my visitors is that the toilet fixture is in the middle of the room.

It’s really one of the most good looking objects that our industry has manufactured…..” -Le Corbusier

Fig 3.1.17 Interior view of Le Cabanon 38

Second home with the idea of Material/colour/texture/aesthetics/openings Wood is used majorly in this cabin, for construction as well as in the interiors for cladding and for all the storage and furniture elements. The Cabanon is a prefabricated module made of timber-frame construction and fully assembled in Ajaccio, Corsica, in the workshop. It was then dissembled in parts and transported to its destined location. All the parts were then reassembled on site. The interior is cladded with sheets of plywood. The furniture is kept along the boundaries of the cabin to have a clear circulation space.

The openings are kept smaller in size which frames the view of mountains and sea outside. The window shutters are mirrored which expanse the view towards outside when opened. The proportion of the window openings are small in size so that he can use the inside surface of wall to the fullest.

The exterior of the Cabanon is cladded with horizontally arranged pine wood slabs.

The Cabanon possess beautiful aesthetic value in the form of attention to details which is evident in the window handle.

Overall the Cabanon gives a raw, rustic feel due to the texture of wood protected by dark brown stain.

Fig 3.1.19 Southwest facing window with mirrored window shutter, Le cabanon

39

Fig 3.1.20 Window handle detail

Fig 3.1.18 Interior view of Le Cabanon

Inference Lifestyle, according to Giddens (1991), is not just a choice and practices an individual carries out to fulfill basic needs, but express their inner-self and to explore inner-need. Dwelling in multiple places is also a reflection of same quest to achieve more than one aspect of their lifestyle , in the complexities of modernity. Multiplicity of lifestyle choices make them segment or differentiate their lifestyle sphere into “work”, “home”, “second home”...

Gidden also further that, with modern advances, it is possible to envision an “integrated lifestyle” in which all the three (work, home and leisure) are merged and make an individual feel “at home” at all three spaces.

From huge volume and alloted functional spaces of studio/ work space, big living spaces, separate kitchen, lavish bathrooms and roof garden, all in different places in his studio apartment back in Paris, Corbusier shrinks himself down to live a different life where there is a small studio/ work space, a small resting area devoid of service spaces like kitchen, and even more small lavatory- all clubbed together in a single space.

Here, in Cabanon, Corbusier is experiencing an integrated lifestyle, very different than what he has in his primary home.

Fig 3.1.21 Le corbusier at work, outside le cabanon

40

Fig 3.1.22 Le Corbusier peeping outside from a window of Cabanon

“I’m so comfortable in my Cabanon that I’ll probably end my days here.”

- Le Corbusier

41

42

3.2 The ‘Machan’ house

Pavan hooja says“ I want to stay in a habitable space in the woods without cutting down trees. The living areas would also have to make the most of the spectacular view of the valley and flanking hills in the distance. ” Fig 3.2.1 The heritage Machan house

Brief A Mumbai-based retired person Pavan Hooja, had a real Machan on a wild fig tree on a 25 acre land since 18 years.

The Tree house meaning ‘Machan’ in Hindi is located in this site of pristine western ghat forest in Jambuine near lonavala, two and a half hours away from Mumbai. The architect and interior designer for this second home was lonavala-based architect- Shabbir Unwala. This house was recently being converted from a family weekend home to an eco-friendly resort. The Machan is completely self-sufficient, generating all its power from wind turbines and solar panels and using only natural spring water. It’s the perfect way to escape from the busy urban city-life and nestle between lush greenery around.

Fig 3.2.2 The living room

43

Fig 3.2.3 Sectional elevation

Second home with the idea of Indoor-outdoor space interactions

Fig 3.2.4 The courtyard with wild fig tree

Fig 3.2.5 Living-dining-bedroom

The tree house is 35-45 feet above the ground, directly over the forest. The structure is placed on steep slope so that one can feel a part of the forest. To minimize the cutting of trees, the entire footprint of the house was restricted and was built around a natural wild fig tree. This tree becomes the focal point and space turns out to be central courtyard which filters in light inside the spaces. Whether it is sleeping on the bed, reading book in a corner of the house, or seating in the living space, one can cherish the lush green view of the dense greenery and valley outside with senses of floating above the ground.

The house is designed where spaces like living, dining and bedroom on upper level are clubbed together. There aren’t too many walls or partitions placed to achieve unhindered natural view. It is a unified long space with one wooden screen placed for the bed.

Two cozy balconies offer a view over the forest and also bring in air from different directions. To make the most of the view it involved big sheets of glass for window openings on all four sides.

To heighten the experience, two bedrooms, one at a higher level and another suspended from the main floor of the living space. The bedroom on the upper level looks like an attic from where one can look over tree tops on all three sides.

Whereas, the lower bedroom looks like hanging glass box watching the trees growing up.

Fig 3.2.6 The balcony

Fig 3.2.7 Hanging bedroom

95 percent recycled materials like steel, glass and wood are used in this house. The clients doesn’t want to cut any tree or even a single branch to build this house. It shows their love for nature.

Thus, the Machan house reflects the family’s aspiration of being as close to nature in all possible ways, be it courtyard placed centrally, large heighten windows to have a panoramic view, a hanging bedroom from the main floor or a balcony jutting out. The materials are used accordingly to respond to the site fully. Their second home provided them the opportunity to explore and expand their love for nature.

44

3.3 The ‘Experimental’ house

“ I believe that, architects should have the opportunities to try out new ideas, as in a laboratory to test series of architectural experiments.”

- Alvar Alto Fig 3.3.1 The internal part of courtyard with square pit in between

Brief The architect’s primary home is located at an isolated surroundings in helsinki, finland. Designed in the year 1934, the Aalto House is a cozy, intimate building used as both, a family home and an office, using simple uncluttered materials.

Alvar dediced to own a second home near a lake shore at the island Muuratsalo, finland in 1952-53. This summer house serve both as a leisure home as well as an experimental site for him.

Second home with the idea of Experimentation The architect’s experimentations in this house are reflected through materiality, architecture construction and philosophies.

The core of this house is the courtyard which looks inward towards the living spaces. One of the experimentation is on the walls of courtyard. These walls are building’s main feature, used to test patchwork of fifty different types of brick which are arranged in various patterns to check the aesthetics as well as its reaction to rough climate. Here reinforced masonry was used which makes this structure unique and staying apart from the traditional bonding patterns.

45

Fig 3.3.2 The courtyard

Aalto’s unusual and innovative use of brick extends to the ground itself. The materials are used effectively as paving and frame one of the house’s most valuable features: the fireplace.

Fig 3.3.3Exterior view of his summer house

The diversity that is found in the wall’s construction also portrays a visual collapse within the surrounding landscapes.

According to Alto, landscape plays a vital role in the experience of the architecture. The architect accentuates the contrast between artificial and natural aesthetics of different finishes on wall. Boulders and stone which are covered in lush green bushes contrast the reddish brown bricks and white colours of the house. Unlike the exposed brick wall in interior courtyard space, the brick wall on the external surface is painted white. These textures seems to blend with the surrounding landscape. The architect has not only explored in terms of materials but has also tested with colours and texture.

He also constructed small harbour for the boat below his summer house. He designed the boat ‘Nemo propheta in patria’ in 1954 for commuting to his second home.

This second home shows Alto’s playful attitude towards building a home. Thus, this home allowed him to express and channel his precision and intensity. All in all this second home is like a brain child for Alvar alto.

Fig 3.3.4 The unusual use of brick bonds are visible throughout the surface

Fig 3.3.5 Courtyard plan showing brick paving patterns

46

3.4 ‘Eye on the lake’

“ Arathi saysI believe that we are always looking at an opportunity to connect with nature without having to travel too far outside the city.

The serenity and calmness of this place is relaxing and rejuvenating. Its a great place to just take off...and its so close to the city.”

Fig 3.4.1 Seated on the edge of the lake, this structure is an appropriate response to the context and programme.

Brief Arathi Parigi, an architect & story teller who spent several years of her childhood, had a fond memory of the very spot where this unique structure stands. Renowned Architect Shabbir unwala build this weekend house in year 2010. It is located on the backwaters of khadakwasla dam, just 45 min away from the Pune city. Recently this second home has been opened up for outside public who want to experience the backwaters of khadakwasla dam and escape temporarily from the pressing realities of urban city life of Pune.

Second home with the idea of location This house is sensibly designed with beautifully crafted landscape around. This house sits on the edge of large lake which supplies water to Pune. From the point one may stand inside the house and look at it, one can see the water till the horizon. Three-sided glass walls gives unobstructed view of the surrounding with a beautiful panoramic view of the lake. The intention is to make the inhabitants feel one with the surrounding.

Fig 3.4.2 The balcony overlooking the lake

47

Fig 3.4.3 Site plan

Second home with the idea of Minimalism

Shabbir (Architect) says, “The whole idea was to build it minimally, to make it as much sustainable as possible. It is a completely ‘nut and bolt’ structure. I normally tend to use most of the material which is recyclable.”

To make the most of design minimally and optimally, they created a seating space situated at the intersection of the structure and the land that gives a controlled view of the beautiful surroundings. Each element and spaces seems measured to eliminate unessential design.

The furniture elements are bare minimum, functional and with aesthetics. A living space consists of centrally placed bed, cabinets, curtains, a small pantry and toilet aligned at the western edge next to the entrance. Living space leads straight out to a balcony which overlooks the lake. Patterns of light and shadow accentuates the design and maximize the compact space.

Fig 3.4.4 The internal play of light and shadow

Fig 3.4.5 A seating negotiated under the canopy of the structure – framing views of the vistas beyond

Fig 3.4.6 The living space

48

3.5 The ‘Hermitage’

“ A wonderful home away from home! Absolutely loved the place. A perfect way to commune sitting in the lap of luxury. Truly aesthetic interiors, warm hospitality, peaceful environment along with lovely weather.”

Fig 3.5.1 Exterior view of villa

Brief The Hermitage is an exclusive residential villa located at Kasauli hills. The villa has been designed to serve as a retreat place and bring residents closer to nature. With unobstructed views of the Dhauladar & Greater Himalayan ranges, the villa offers a perfect way of living in harmony with nature and aesthetics along with all modern amenities.

Fig 3.5.2 Interior view of villa 49

Fig 3.5.3 View showing surrounding landscape

Second home with the idea of Modern amenities/luxury/recreation The interiors in this Villa are latest and provides all modern facilities such as home automation, luxurious fabrics, wooden paneled ceilings and contemporary furniture elements.

Wooden flooring in bedrooms and the use of imported porcelain tiles in bathrooms adds to the grandeur of the space.

The Hermitage offers accommodation with a garden, a shared kitchen, and a shared lounge. This property provides access to a pool table. The holiday home has all four air-conditioned bedrooms and 3 well appointed bathrooms.

Fig 3.5.4 Interior views

Recreation include plethora of indoor and outdoor activities.

Walking trails, meditation and star gazing as well as pool table, chess, board games, card games, music library, DVD library and books & magazines library are available.

Thus this Hermitage acts as a home where contemporary design is complementing with the natural landscape, giving luxury a whole new meaning.

Fig 3.5.5 Recreation room 50

CASE STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA Keeping in view the objectives and scope of this study, following are the criteria adopted for the selection of the case studies: In order to churn out new meanings, the second homes should fall under the categories derived from the literature study and established definitions.

The occupants should be the owner of first and second home.

They should have been staying for a certain period of time.

The occupants should be the active users of both the homes.

In order to compare the study better with respect to use of/meanings of second home and its frequency of use the distance between first and second home should vary.

Families with different background having varied lifestyles and daily routines with profession, different level of commitments are taken into consideration.

Residences taken under the study will be specified to economically elevated families.

51

Chapter 4 | Case - studies

52

4.1 List of Primary Case-studies Primary home

2011

Kamdar family

Silicon Valley Duplex Apartment Shivranjini, Ahmedabad

Plot in a gated community Dev dholera village

1997

Kadam family

Housing scheme Adarsh nagar, Bhopal

House on a farm land Ratibad village

2010

Pandit family

Independent ‘Wada’ (Bungalow) Narayan peth, Pune

Housing scheme Pashan area, Pune

2015

Salot family

Bungalow Navrangpura, Ahmedabad

Bungalow Navrangpura, Ahmedabad

2016

Mistry family

53

Second home

Pol house Bapa shashtri ni pol, old city of Ahmedabad

Residential Villa Applewoods, Ahmedabad

4.2 Framework of Case-study

The study explores variety of second homes of people from different cities. It covers an array of examples which gives variety of outlook in what kind of people in second home have been living through in present scenario of Indian context.

Background

Profiling the second home users by drawing out basic descriptive information like family’s structure, occupational status, life stage, preferences, nature as these are important factors to understand how the relationship between residents and their homes are worked out.

Also, providing a brief about their primary and secondary residence.

Family’s idea of second home

Identifying the aspirations that family has for second home, be it tangible or intangible. Tracing and portraying their idea through photos, sketches and supported by quotes narrated by the family.

Activity mapping

Mapping the activity and identifying space usage as observed at each family home and their second home to understand their way of living in primary and secondary home.

Qualities of spaces

Determining relationships between spaces from derivative of plans/ sections/elevations in both the homes.

54

KAMDAR FAMILY

FAMILY STRUCTURE & MOTIVES TOWARDS SECOND HOME

Real estate developer Civil engineer & Real estate developer

Aman Kamdar | 27

Parag Kamdar |52

Sarika Kamdar | 51

Sapna Kamdar | 25 Financial advisor

Akash Kamdar | 27

Housewife

Akriti Kamdar | 27

Risk advisory manager

Civil engineer & Real estate developer

An interview with individual family members PARAG

SARIKA

AMAN

For special occasions, festivals and family gathering.

Partying Partying Friends/ Friends/ with friends/ with friends/ family family getfamilies families get-togeth- together er

How often? Three-four times Three-four a month

Use/ Purpose?

To play golf

Once or times a month twice a month

Family get-togather and special occasions and festivals.

Reasons/ needs?

To experience a life different than that in first home

First Home Second Home (Particularly for post festival celebrations) 57

AKASH

Once or twice a month

SAPNA

Once or twice a month

AKRITI

Once or twice a month

Play tennis, Play tennis, badminton in badminton the outhouse in the outhouse To experience a life different than that in first home

Move away from the daily routine and work place

Move away from the daily routine and work place

FUNCTIONS/FESTIVALS celebrated in both the homes Rakshabandhan

Marriage ceremonies, Diwali, anniversary celebrations, parties, Christmas parties, Holi, reunions, night stays, etc...

To enjoy the nature and greenery.

To enjoy the nature and greenery.

FAMILY INFORMATION

A Jain-Gujarati family of six, Kamdar family currently lives in an apartment in center of the Ahmedabad city. They have been living in this house since last 22 years now. Their affinity for sports like golf, tennis, swimming is obvious from various medals and trophies that adorn the walls of their primary home. Mr. Parag Kamdar is fond of playing Golf, which becomes one of the primary reason for the family to aspire a second home.

In 2007, Mr. Parag Kamdar and his wife decided to own a second home in the outskirts of Ahmedabad. For Kamdar family, the second home is an isolated self-built second home for brief period, mostly for long weekends, depending on the recreational interests of individual family members.

Primary Home

Second Home

58

TANGIBLE FACTORS FOR DECODING ASPIRATIONS

Second home with the idea of Accessibility and Location

“ Normally, we would like to have our second home enough away that it gives us a different surrounding which is not more than 2 hr drive which can make us feel away yet close enough to the city. ” Location of second home in the city or close to the city is an important factor. Mr Parag Kamdar, a real-estate developer and Sarika, his wife, believe that distance from primary home should be a consideration.

To overcome the travel time problem for second home they travel less often on weekdays and prefer to travel on weekends to stay at least for a night at a time. It is the cultural and environmental contrasts that they are able to achieve by getting away from the urban city-life as well enjoying the other part of the city within this comfortable distance between their both homes.

Their primary home is located in the prime location of the city, right on the corner of cross roads.

59

Their second home is situated within schemes of renowned kens-ville golf and country club.

View from their second home’s terrace with endless vision of greenery with no built structures nearby.

Second home with the idea of Hobbies-Recreational/Sports activities “ We wanted an all-in-one kind of place where everything; restaurant, golf course, clubhouse, sports facilities like badminton, gym is available. We like to chill out at our second home along with enjoying playing golf, eating at restaurant, mingling with people at clubhouse. It’s all extempore, unplanned activity “.

Golf course

Club House Second home

Gym

Restaurant

Kamdar family is fond of sports and have also won various medals and championships in sports activities like tennis and golf.

The family wanted to have an outdoor as well as indoor recreational space to spent time with family together.

TV room

Kamdar family have purchased the second home and they are maintaining it to pursue cultural and recreational experiences in areas having high amenity values which fulfills their love for sports. Kens-ville is a fully developed project where one can get gym, restaurant, living spaces, sports all at one place.

In their primary home, the family do not get time to watch TV together because of their busy schedules, they aspired to have a space in second home which provided them to watch TV together. Also, in their primary home, the TV room is placed adjacent to parent’s bedroom. Due to which other family members use TV room less often and prefer to use their individual room in order to maintain privacy of parent’s sleeping space.

Recreation space in the outhouse

60

Second home with the idea of an Image/Materiality/Elements

Front facade of their second home

One of the building in CEPT University

There is a good amount of resemblance observed in both the buildings. This resemblance is reflected in terms of materials, through proportions and outdoor spaces of built, though the construction system is different in both the building.

Also, the way their second home opens out towards the large garden space is similar to that in the CEPT building.

This family’s preferences and inclination towards aesthetics of the interior is visibly observed in their primary home and that visibility is translated through choice of interior furniture, materials and detailing in second home. In first home it is observed in a rather smaller form while they were able to explore more in their second home depending on individual likings.

Materials like kota stone which is maintenance-free is applied on flooring throughout all interior spaces of second home.

While wood and metal is used for openings and plain white colored plaster on all vertical wall surfaces to make it look simple and soothing.

61

The owner, Mr Parag kamdar says, “I used to study in L.D engineering college which is in a close proximity to CEPT university. Me, along with my friends used to visit it’s canteen a lot of time. I loved the campus.

I loved the materiality of the buildings there. Those exposed brick and concrete used to fascinate me a lot. I always wanted to have similar open and green spaces at my own house.”

Maintenance-free kota stone is Wax polished, used throughout all the interior simple wooden spaces flush door without lamination.

The wooden folding doors are placed in between the living area and verandah and between courtyard and living room which expands the space and they flow into each other.

Attention to aesthetics and form in ancillary furniture elements is observed.

Metal rod embedded Wooden box section

All window and door safety grill bar Bathroom manufactured keeping in mind the aesthetics. detail In order to unsee mundane steel safety grill rod, square hollow section was specially made with circular MS bar being embedded in side.

ventilation

Wooden logged shaped table and seating element placed in the semi open verandah with lush green view towards the outdoor garden space.

62

INTANGIBLE FACTORS FOR DECODING ASPIRATIONS

Second home with the idea of Space multiplicity to an activity pattern Primary home

Mrs. Sarika says“ I love to have my first cup of tea with my husband (parag)watching the early morning sunrise in the courtyard. �

Internal courtyard

key plan

In their primary home they have converted a space into courtyard which was earlier a bedroom, to achieve openness and filter in more light.

The open internal courtyard in this house is the only place from where their day starts and ends with. This is the place where they find abundant light and ambiance to perform their daily activities from having breakfast in the morning to having group conversation at night with everyone in the family.

The space has enough connection with the adjacent spaces.

The metal and glass sliding window in the living room provides a visual connection overlooking the courtyard. Also this window forms a seating space at low sill level inside the courtyard where one can seat and cherish the space. The opening behind the swing remains close most of the time because of the traffic noise.

Elements like the swing, low seating space, cane chair, little mirror work on the walls and the old columns from old city, provide them multiple experience in a particular space.

63

Second home This family, in their second home aspired to have multiple spaces to perform activities. Verandah is a transitional space between inner spaces and outer greenscapes and provides openness and leisure activities. Even in living spaces, creating larger openings in the walls seems to be a conscious attempt to remove visual obstacles. Entry of air and light is very welcoming everywhere.

“ In this home we have variety of places which are flexible and allow us to seek variety of experiences. “

Comparing all three spaces like living area, verandah and gazebo one by one it is observed that at every step barring the ceiling, walls are falling off creating complete openness at gazebos.

Semi-open verandah overlooking garden

D

Semi-open gazebo housed within the garden

S/D

A

W1

VERANDAH

UP

O

GYM/TABLE TENNIS

1

.36

VERANDAH

OPEN TO SKY COURTYARD LIVING/DINING/KITCHEN

R

TOILET

V1

SH.

OPEN SHOWER

BEDROOM

1

D2

PANTRY

GAZEBO

D1

TOILET

W3 W2

.11 TOI. 1.49 X D5 1.22

W2

D3

.23

key plan

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

D5 BATH 1.49 X 1.22 .11

SERVANT 2.82 X 2.44

W5

.23

Living area

They can have lounging activities at all three spaces but according to the time of the day they provide variety and appropriateness. Around sunrise and sunset time, gazebo and verandah are perfect place to enjoy morning and evening siesta time but during the noon heat family can reside into the living space for better shed and coolness. Due to the large openings in the living space, openness is not being compromised.

All three spaces provide variety of experiences for the same activities as well as create opportunities for different activities. It is clearly observed that there is a combination of covered, semi open and open spaces in their second home where inside and outside relationship is evident.

64

Second home with the idea Indoor-outdoor space interaction (a) The family aspires to have openness in space and maximum connection with the nature outside.

Openings make the relationship between inside and outside stronger. This relationship is strongly addressed in their second home. In this home, the openings are designed and placed in a manner that they give a feeling of connection with the outdoor environment. They are placed in same axis and the size of all the internal and external doors is kept same throughout the spaces to achieve maximum ventilation in the house. The windows in the bedrooms are larger than its nominal size. The windows are a combination of fixed glass with wooden shutters covered with window blinds. High lintel levels and low sill levels of openings are evident in this house in order to achieve more transparency and connection with the outside environment.

The openings allow the movement pattern happening in inside spaces to connect itself with the outside visually and in some places, physically. Even the openings of bedroom are bigger in size as there is no issue of privacy due to availability of land on all the three sides. The opening is being designed to occupy an entire wall of a space. Opening extends vertically between the floor and the ceiling planes.

As the opening expands in size, it opens a room up to a broad vista. The large social scene occurring outside in the verandah dominates the space and serves as a backdrop for the activities within it.

There are lots of large openings by way of window and door in the main frame wall. Folded door provides bigger opening as well as unrestricted movement around it and also highlights the feeling of openness. The openings are strategically located keeping in mind the air circulation and cross ventilation. South-west location during planning of second home creates air circulation in summer and winter season plausible.

65

a’

a

key plan

“When I wake up in my primary home, there is a formality that I can feel in the air which calls me to do my daily activities and to follow my schedules, while... in second home I wake up to a view where my bedroom leads me to the balcony through a huge door opening to a view of never ending green jungle with huge trees and cool breeze around. It’s the view for which I want to come back to this home every weekend.”

Section aa’ Large openings providing a panorama of lush green nature outside

66

Second home with the idea Indoor-outdoor space interaction (b) The family aspires to have a space which is merged together to have maximum interaction with other family members while performing activities.

Here, the family wants to cook and have an interaction with their extended family members while cooking hence the living-dining-kitchen space are combined together and openings to the verandah are designed comparatively larger in size which provides a big panorama of lush green nature outside.

The space allows them to have a free movement between spaces. The spaces are composed in a manner in which they are related to one another by function, proximity or a path of movement.

All the three functions are different yet they are clubbed together to have interaction with the family members without any vertical or horizontal planes coming in between and which also allows a free movement for the user. And because of bare minimum furniture being used and more circulation spaces, one can pause and have a look towards the outside verandah space on one side and towards the courtyard on the other side.

The experience of spaces change according to the scale and volume change in the house. One side it has huge volume with skylight above and providing a complete open space and ample light within the house. While on the other side there is a semi-open verandah space which provides a big panorama view of lush green nature outside.

67

“ On special occasions or in a planned get-to-gather, we love to have meal in varied time of the day quite often with all my and Parag’[her husband] extended family members at our farmhouse.

We plan to cook together for 20-25 people and carry the stuff needed for cooking to that house. Everyone helps with the meal preparation in second home which involves immeasurable enjoyment especially when we get an unhindered view to interact with everyone and it is quite unlike the same activity in our primary home where we have cooks to prepare food for us. “

View from kitchen towards the living room

LIVING AREA

VERANDAH

DINING AREA

KITCHEN

Position of user

Ground floor plan

Panoramic view of kitchen-living-dining

68

SPACE USAGE BY FAMILY MEMBERS INDIVIDUALLY AND COLLECTIVELY | PRIMARY HOME 5:00 AM TO 9:00 AM TO 1:00 PM TO 5:00 PM TO 9:00 PM TO 9:00 AM 1:00 PM 5:00 PM 9:00 PM 1:00 AM

LIVING AREA DINING AREA BEDROOM 1 BEDROOM 2 BEDROOM 3 KITCHEN COURTYARD TV ROOM TERRACE

Excluding Mrs. Kamdar, remaining five members are working and follow a rigid schedule throughout the day. In the early four hours of morning Mr. Parag, his wife Sarika and daughter in law Sapna and Akriti managed to have their breakfast in courtyard together.

Sarika being a housewife spends most of her day at home utilizing different spaces like her bedroom, living, TV room and courtyard.

Courtyard 69

Aman and Akash prefer to have their lunch in the afternoon with their mother in the dining space whenever time permits. This family try to find time together post work. They make it a point to take their dinner together and spend some time in the courtyard to distress from the day’s work. Each member of the family retires early to their respective bedroom.

Dining

SPACE USAGE BY FAMILY MEMBERS INDIVIDUALLY AND COLLECTIVELY | SECOND HOME 5:00 AM TO 9:00 AM TO 1:00 PM TO 5:00 PM TO 9:00 PM TO 9:00 AM 1:00 PM 5:00 PM 9:00 PM 1:00 AM

LIVING AREA VERANDAH BEDROOM 1 BEDROOM 2 BEDROOM 3 KITCHEN GAZEBO VERANDAH 2 (OUTHOUSE) TV ROOM

During weekends, holidays or any special occasions they prefer visiting their second home. Here, each member of the family, try to seek variety of experiences possible in all the spaces. Being an early riser, Mr. Parag leaves bedroom space early to play golf in Kensville golf and country club. As seen in the table, later part of the morning till noon, family members tend to occupy verandah

Verandah 2 (outhouse)

and kitchen in different groups. Members are seen using different spaces like bedroom, gazebo and TV room together at different time intervals. In late evening till night, Akash and Aman prefer playing badminton, tennis and other outdoor activities in their outhouse where their wife Sapna and Akriti joins them.

While Parag and Sarika spend some quality time in living area.

Verandah

Kitchen 70

INFERENCE After looking at their activities at both homes, their activities can be broadly divided into family spaces, individual spaces and kitchen services in order to compare better. Family spaces comprised of living area, dining area, courtyard and Tv room. Whereas, individual spaces comprised of sleeping spaces namely bedrooms. The utility area includes kitchen.

All the family members follow a uniform routine in primary home during the day time. Whereas, randomness is seen in their activities in second home in different spaces and time.

Keeping first and second home side by side, comparison of space utilization during the day suggests a distinct and different pattern in first home than the second home.

In the first home, all members of the family tend to spend time in their individual spaces more than family spaces due to constraint of work routine.

Their family spaces are sparsely utilized “together� in first home. While in second home, they gain more freedom in the form of time and rigidity of their work schedules so major part of the day is spend together, interacting with each other at family spaces like gazebo, verandah, TV room and living area as much as possible.

Confined in restricted spaces in their primary home, the family wants to explore the openness and enjoy their second home to the fullest, together.

As the family prefer to travel on weekends to stay at least for a night at a time, the individual space usage in both the home seems neutral.

In primary home rigid schedule don’t allow them the opportunity to cook while in second home, female members of the family prefer to engage in kitchen and cooking as it is very fulfilling for them to enjoy cooking together.

71

5:00 AM TO 9:00 AM TO 1:00 PM TO 5:00 PM TO 9:00 PM TO 9:00 AM 1:00 PM 5:00 PM 9:00 PM 1:00 AM

Verandah

SECOND HOME

Gazebo Tv room

Outhouse verandah

Living-dining/ Verandah

Family spaces FIRST HOME

Living Courtyard

SECOND HOME

Bedrooms

Tv room

Dining

Bedroom

Individual spaces FIRST HOME

Bedrooms

Bedrooms

SECOND HOME Kitchen/services FIRST HOME

Legend 1 unit = 1 hour

PARAG

SARIKA

AMAN

AAKASH

SAPNA

AKRITI

STAFF 72

OBSERVATIONS/ INFERENCES

In their primary home, minimum circulation is found due to compact spaces comparatively to their second home. The spaces in this home are situated in such a way that it doesn’t allow the user to experience the transition between spaces.

The idea of relaxation is not bounded by such spaces like bedrooms or living rooms but it’s the transition that makes it more meaningful which is quite evident in second home.

The circulation pattern in second home seems to be informal because of the longer circulation paths with bare minimum furniture. It allows the user to stop wherever wanted and have a glimpse of outside environment as well as seek a different experience. It also allows user to have a casual movement while passing from one space to another.

The proportion of private spaces like bedrooms are observed normal in both the homes, which fulfills the only activity of sleeping.

Primary Home

STORAGE

BUILDING LIFT

OPEN TERRACE

BUILDING LIFT

ENTRANCE

OPEN TERRACE BALCONY (WASH AREA)

KITCHEN

DN

UP BALCONY BED ROOM 1

STORAGE

TOILET

BED ROOM 3

DINING AREA

TV ROOM

DRESSING

MANDIR

OPEN TERRACE TOILET

LIVING AREA

BED ROOM 2

OPEN TO SKY COURTYARD

TOILET

BALCONY

8th floor plan 73

OPEN TO SKY COURTYARD

9th floor plan

ROOF COVERED

Whereas the size of bathrooms in second home is larger than the bedrooms with a walk-in dressing room attached along with keeping in mind the luggage area for the guest.

Bathrooms in their first home are at a bare minimum size while in second home they are elaborated with a huge tub and a separate cubicle of shower.

The proportion of balcony in individual bedrooms is larger than those in their primary home which helps the movement pattern happening in inside spaces to connect itself with the outside visually and physically.

Proportion of open spaces like courtyards varies in both the homes. Courtyard in their primary home is relatively similar in size to its other spaces but it is smaller in comparison to their second home.

Second Home ENTRANCE

3

2

4

5

6

7

8

9 10

1

UP

LIVING AREA

OPEN TO SKY COURTYARD

VERANDAH

DINING AREA BEDROOM 1

PANTRY

BATHTUB

SHOWER KITCHEN

TOILET DRESSING

STORAGE

Ground floor plan GROUND FLOOR PLAN

MANDIR

TV ROOM

3

4

5

6

7

8

9 10 11 12

DN

21

20

19 18

17

16

15

14

13

BALCONY BEDROOM

BEDROOM SHOWER

BATHTUB

DRESSING

DRESSING TOILET STORAGE

SHOWER

TOILET STORAGE

First floor plan FIRST FLOOR PLAN

74

OBSERVATIONS/INFERENCES Primary home There are open, semi-open and closed spaces where closed spaces are private areas like bedrooms and washrooms.

Semi-open spaces are for public and semi-public areas like living, dining and kitchen and open spaces are courtyard and terraces. The spaces in their primary home are rather more divided than connected to each other. Kitchen and dining are placed at a closer distance having a visual connection while living area is completely separated from the two with a physical barrier of glass partition making it a space dedicated for the guests.

In their primary home, courtyard is the only medium of getting ample light and comparatively it is the most open space than other spaces. There are seating spaces organized in courtyard where the family members love to sit and cherish that space.

Second home

Internal open courtyard space

Spatial relationship in their second home is very well worked out followed by interesting spaces connected with outside and internally as well. In this house, living, dining and kitchen are grouped together as a cluster of social purpose in a single bay overlooking the verandah on the left and courtyard on the right. They have no physical barrier coming in between to disturb the overlap and expansion of the spaces into each other. All these spaces together make a big space for social gathering rather than small and divided spaces like those in the first home.

In this house, courtyard is centrally placed dividing two bays on left and right. Where the left bay consists- Living area, kitchen, and dining and right bay consists of a staircase leading to the first floor and a guest bedroom. The courtyard here is more for circulation purpose. Private spaces like bedrooms open up completely to the central courtyard and have a clear vision straight to the verandah, which makes the space semiopen than being private.

75

Internal open courtyard space

The primary home of this family is an apartment where the house grow vertically and the floors are stacked on top of one another, hence there is no land-building relationship as such found.

While the second home is a bungalow and its form is such that it is weaved with the surrounding landscape. The design seeks to fuse itself with the nature. The house is placed at the far end of the plot followed by a long passage surrounded by trees on both the sides and away from the noises from main street. The form is symmetrical in nature with one bay facing the lush green landscape and other is on the rear end of the plot. The low plinth of the built and its proximity to the outdoor landscape makes the land-building relationship stronger.

76

‘Best of both the worlds’

77

KADAM FAMILY

FAMILY STRUCTURE & MOTIVES TOWARDS SECOND HOME

Civil engineer

Nishikant Kadam | 60

Rekha Kadam| 59

An interview with individual family members How often?

Use/ Purpose?

NISHIKANT & REKHA

Three-four days a week

Marriage functions, to check for maintenance of farm and animal husbandry, to have lunch/dinner, meditation sessions with friends.

Reasons/needs? To experience a life different than that in first home, To pursue their quest for nature, To cater to farm related activities.

81

Chief chemist in water testing lab

FAMILY INFORMATION:

A renowned Kadam family, currently living in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, is a true-blue nature lover couple. Deep love and concern for nature make them incorporate natural ways of living in their life itself. Despite of living in government flat for 22 years (1984-2006) along with their two daughters, they started shaping their plan of owning home right from 1985, when they bought a plot for their primary home.

Their love for nature make them buy a farm plot in 1986, where they have developed organic farming to grow vegetables, fruits, wheat, lentils etc for their in-house use instead of selling it for monetary purpose. This house was made ready to use by 1997, even before they built their primary home, which they started building in 2001.

Time passed, and both of their daughters got married. Since 2006, both husband and wife are staying together in both of their homes actively. Their love for nature comes to fore at both their houses and reflected effortlessly in their practices.

Primary Home

Second Home

82

TANGIBLE FACTORS FOR DECODING ASPIRATIONS

Second home with the idea of Accessibility

Within 7 km radius

The location of the primary home is in the city near Hoshangabad road, Bhopal, within a society full of independent bungalows. Whereas, their farm house is in outskirts of Bhopal in a closer proximity to the city in Ratibad village.

Nishikant and Rekha Kadam, both are nature lover couple who found their second home in a farm land, four km away from Bhopal city. Mr. and Mrs Kadam says:

Primary home

‘Best of all, our farm house is less than 30 min drive from my office, which provides me an opportunity to make a visit directly from the office for frequent and short stays.’

She adds saying that: ‘when our children were small, the primary home was preferable and convenient because of the proximity to school and child related activity within city limits. But now, both our daughters being graduated and living their married life, the situation is such that my office is almost equidistant from both the homes which makes it advantageous for us to use both the homes equally according to our needs and desires’.

83

Second home

Panoramic view showing surroundings of primary home

Panoramic view showing surroundings of second home

84

Second home with the idea of an Image-house in a farm Kadam duo is passionate about their love for nature and concept of organic farming. Their primary home only gives justice to their desire to live amongst the natural surroundings.

But to follow their passion of practicing organic farming and recycling, compels them to buy second home as they need to scale up the area of land they acquire.

Scale Restricted by unavailability of scalable land as well as social restraint as their primary home is located in the city area, their farming aspiration cannot be satisfied there. This compels them to acquire a larger land mass in the outskirts of the city.

Their quest for activity in/for nature started at first home with development of plantation in available outdoor land space. They have developed a small vegetable garden in the front yard as well as fruit plantation scattered around the landscape. But the area of open landscape restrict their activity in nature to just gardening as well as giving them green ambiance.

They aspire to develop a farm land where they do actual organic farming and recycling their products to satisfy their inhouse needs. Natural activity like farming, animal husbandry, ecological activity requires bigger space which makes them purchase 2 acre farm land. Manure creation without the use of fertilizer, land enrichment activity, animal and livestock shed, organic farming and recycling everything needs large scale of land availability to cater this farm related activities.

Closely looking at first and second home it is clearly evident that the proportion of the build-up area remains same at both the place around 900 square feet but total land mass increases from the proportion of 1:4 to 1:100 that itself suggests that Kadam family is highly interested in farm activities. This observation supports their love of nature as well as their aspiration to surround themselves with natural landscapes. Aspirational activity at both the house is different though commonly related with nature.

85

Nature is our biggest wealth “ The idea is of living a simpler life, or at least a life different from the one at the ‘primary home’. As Mrs Kadam described second-home experience: ‘It’s like stepping back in time…There’s a simplicity to it.’ It’s like the old days….It’s like 30 years ago for me. Actually my father is a forest officer…. I grew up watching trees….nature is within me which makes me feel much more relaxed and laid back and reliving my childhood memories in an open environment. “

Second home on a big farm land

Primary home

1:4

Second home

1:100

86

INTANGIBLE FACTORS FOR DECODING ASPIRATIONS

Second home with the idea of Inside-outside space interaction The house is placed in the center of the large farm land approached by long pathway of about 200 feet from the main road, in order to disconnect with the outside world.

Kadam family, even in their daily routine like to visit their second home. The couple aspire to be close to nature while performing any activity throughout the day. Whether it is performing yoga or meditating or listening to kabir’s doha in the morning, having lunch in the afternoon, having a conversation on phone, or having a cup of tea in the evening, or bathing dog, the couple seek to view their own cultivated dense greenery outside.

“ We don’t need extravagant living spaces in my house…just to fulfill one’s basic need is enough.

I seek design in nature rather in my house. So, my house looks more utilitarian than stylish. Our house is just a shelter nestled in a thick layer of greenery.”

Beyond standardized living spaces of home Their passion and their idea of second home is beyond living spaces. The entire ground floor is dedicated to a single hall space with large window openings at all the four sides. Low sill level windows give them unobstructed view of their farm at all sides. Spartan furniture kept abreast wall just for seating purpose frees lots of spaces for variety of activities. For them, this space acts as a void from which they generate lots of activity and liberate lots of feelings. Being Osho disciples they meditate, dance and introspect here. They invite friends and spend time with them here. This space gives them immense joy. This hall has a multipurpose use for events and social functions like marriage. It acts as a venue for get-to-gathers, social events like marriage and other celebrations.

This hall provides them flexibility of space usage in multiple ways. Whereas primary home is smaller in size comparatively and utilitarian in design, so it lacks in providing enough space for social activities.

Dining area inside guest room

Living room

87

Multipurpose hall on ground floor

Ground floor plan of second home “ I love the idea that I can roam in my entire farm without knowing what time is it and doing what I want – spend hours at the hall meditating, listening to kabir’s doha at a higher volume, performing these activities whenever and wherever I feel like.”

88

Second home with the idea of Interaction with the outside space/elements Nature lover Kadam family wanted to be amongst nature.

Their choice of furniture elements and their placement confirms it. Whether it hammock, swing or chair, it all gives them direct access to nature and green. Confined spaces in first home limits their activities and curtails their desire.

Their sprawling second home with big farmland provides them ample opportunity to place furniture elements as their heart leads everywhere, their primary goal of fulfilling their nature love is amply achieved at second home.

The family is more inclined to use light weight, portable and hanging furniture in outdoor spaces to relish nature all around.

Moving around in natural vista, tending to their dog, cow, hens is integral part of ecosystem they develop at their second home. Outdoor furniture elements at all their functional spaces make their work and leisure efficient and fulfilling.

Their indoor living spaces like multipurpose hall and other spaces carry sparse furniture elements as compared to outside spaces Their daily activity like meal preparations, having breakfast which needs indoor spaces, is often extended in outdoor areas confirming their inclination for outdoor spaces and nature.

Primary home

89

When asked how his life was different at his second home compared to his primary residence, Mr. Kadam responded: “ It’s just a totally different feel here. I mean it’s the trees, woods, cows; hens go by, birds chirping, meditating in my hall in ground floor, so I think one can see things and feel things differently. It’s not that there aren’t trees or birds in our home back in the city…but it’s just that you have a different focus. At our farm, it starts looking and feeling different.”

Second home “ Whenever time permits, we pack our afternoon meal and prefer having it at our farm while cherishing the green cover surrounding us...�

90

SPACE USAGE BY FAMILY MEMBERS INDIVIDUALLY AND COLLECTIVELY | PRIMARY HOME 5:00 AM TO 9:00 AM TO 1:00 PM TO 5:00 PM TO 9:00 PM TO 9:00 AM 1:00 PM 5:00 PM 9:00 PM 1:00 AM

LIVING AREA BEDROOM 1 BEDROOM 2 BEDROOM 3 (daughter/ guest) KITCHEN GARDENSIDE OPEN VERANDAH This chart depicts space usage by an elderly couple, still working and they are at the cusp of retirement. Their activity revolves mostly around their living area and outdoor garden. As shown in the chart, this couple is an early riser using their bedroom space for meditation and yoga activity. It also suggests utilizing kitchen and garden side verandah during later part of the morning

for preparing and consuming breakfast.

Rekha Kadam and Mr. Kadam have flexible working schedules. If time permits they take lunch together often. They are together throughout the day whether it is cycling in the early morning, walking/trekking in the evening or gardening.

Most of their daily routine activities taking place in garden-side open verandah space 91

SPACE USAGE BY FAMILY MEMBERS INDIVIDUALLY AND COLLECTIVELY | SECOND HOME 5:00 AM TO 9:00 AM TO 1:00 PM TO 5:00 PM TO 9:00 PM TO 9:00 AM 1:00 PM 5:00 PM 9:00 PM 1:00 AM

LIVING AREA DINING AREA/ BEDROOM BEDROOM 1 KITCHEN MULTIPURPOSE HALL FARM LAND

Frequent visit to second home makes their second home very vibrant and full of activity.

Couple’s love for farm, nature and their inward, self-realizing activity like yoga, free dancing, listening to music and mediation.

Morning activities are usually centered around their farm land and multipurpose hall. Their farm land activities include tilling the land, sowing seeds, crop yielding as well as manure

Mr. Kadam taking walk around his farm

making and grossly speaking recycling all farm produce and farm waste in an Ecofriendly manner. Animal rearing and poultry provide them their daily supply of milk and egg. Taking any part of the day chart suggest their movement is mostly for their farm land activity and their multipurpose hall.

Meditating/dancing in hall

Mrs. kadam relaxing in living room 92

INFERENCE After looking at their activities at both homes, their activities can be broadly divided into Indoor and outdoor spaces in order to compare better.

Most of the time in their first home, they prefer to stay outside in garden area and the indoor spaces are used less often, only need-based. Whether it is a daily activity of cutting vegetables, a cup of tea in the morning or reading newspaper, they occupy outdoor garden space in their first home.

Whereas, indoor and outdoor both spaces are equally used in their second home. The indoor space being the multipurpose hall is used maximum. The couple spends most of their time performing various activities and cherish the view of farm from inside. Whereas outdoor spaces are equally used for activities like having lunch, social gatherings etc.

Comparing outdoor spaces of first and second home, it shows couple’s love for openness, physical activities and nature.

Similar to first home, even at second home, the scope of using outdoor spaces is becoming manifold. Having a large farm land space and huge single multipurpose hall provides them to pursue their aspiration of being in nature and commune with it through meditation and yoga becomes the main stay of their activity at second home.

93

5:00 AM TO 9:00 AM

9:00 AM TO 1:00 PM

1:00 PM TO 5:00 PM

5:00 PM TO 9:00 PM

9:00 PM TO 1:00 AM

Bedroom/dining

SECOND HOME Indoor spaces Excluding bedroom FIRST HOME

SECOND HOME

Multipurpose hall

Living

Living Farm-land

Outdoor spaces FIRST HOME

Garden

Legend 1 unit = 1 hour

NISHIKANT REKHA

STAFF

Note: This chart provides a broad orientation regarding the spaces depicted. Wide blank spaces in the horizontal bar is suggestive of randomness in their work schedule and extra-curricular activity which also include their visit to second home. This family do not follow a very rigid daily routine because they move in and out throughout the day.

94

OBSERVATIONS/INFERENCES Both the homes are independent self-built bungalows. One is placed in a scheme of several residential units while other is in an isolated farmland. The land building relationship is strongly addressed in both the houses. The low plinth level in both the houses develops a better relationship with the ground.

A connection to the outside environment is a continuous theme observed in both the houses. Both houses are placed on the rear part of the plots where a long path is connected to the main door from the main entrance. By delaying the entry it gives feeling and visuals of the outside environment as well as different experience. The relationship between inside and outside is found to be well thought of in both the houses, yet it is more elaborately seen in their second home.

Openings in this house are well positioned on all four sides of the built to provide connection with the outside all the time no matter in what corner of the house you are.

There are no corridors or transition spaces in their primary home. All the spaces are at close proximity to each other.

Entering the main door one would directly land in the living area. Few steps further would lead one to the kitchen on the right, one bedroom on the left and one bedroom in the front.

While in their second home on the upper floor, they have longer circulation paths which become the event paths for

Primary Home

Ground floor plan 95

the users while passing from one space to other as they give glimpses of outside vistas as well as different experience.

In both the houses, the constructed spaces are bare minimum as the family wanted to create landscape more than built spaces. All the interior living, kitchen and sleeping area are kept bare minimum size so as to provide a bigger and open space for gardening and landscaping. Except the sleeping area, privacy is not an issue due to available land on all the sides.

In primary home, it is observed that there isn’t a particular, dedicated dining space allotted. Rather the family would love to eat outside the built, within nature using their portable furniture in place. Most of the activities in their primary home happen outside the built which is clearly suggestive of their love for nature. Similarly in second home, dining space is undefined. A table is placed inside guest room as that place provides them view towards outside nature. Hence, it is evident that there does not exist any standardized living spaces in both the houses.

Second Home

Ground floor plan

For them the spaces should be functional and utilitarian irrespective of the aesthetics of space but they are very aware of aesthetics of nature.

First floor plan 96

Primary home- ‘Farm in house’ Secondary home- ‘House in farm’

PANDIT FAMILY

FAMILY STRUCTURE & MOTIVES TOWARDS SECOND HOME

Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeon

Shrirang Pandit |67

Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon

Jayshree Pandit | 64

Vikram Pandit | 30

Eye Surgeon

Pratibha Pandit | 30

Pediatric & Preventive Dentist

An interview with individual family members How often?

Use/ Purpose?

Shrirang

Once a week

Once a week

For special occasions like birthdays and family gatherings.

Check for maintenance

Reasons/ needs?

Jayshree

Vikram

Pratibha

Partying with friends/ families

Partying with friends/ families

Twice a month

Twice a month

Friends/family get-together Friends/family Friends/family get-together/Party get-together/party

Move away from Move away from the daily the daily routine routine and Clinic just to and Clinic just to relax relax

Move away from the daily routine and Clinic

Move away from the daily routine and Clinic

To park the extra cars due to space constraints at primary home in old city

To spend time with my wife and relax

To spend some time with my husband and relax

To cook non-veg food which is otherwise not possible in primary home

Primary Home Second Home

101

FUNCTIONS/FESTIVALS

Diwali, Rakshabandhan, Ganesh chaturthi Parties, reunions, marriage ceremonies etc..

FAMILY INFORMATION Pandit family comprising of four actively practicing doctors currently living in central part of Pune city, lead a very active and hectic lifestyle. They inherited their current home from their parents which was bought in 1930’s. The family have been living in this house since then. Their profession being highly demanding, large chunk of their daytime is spent in their clinic attending patients, emergencies and surgeries.

Such tight work pattern on workdays makes them longing for some relaxation during weekend, which becomes their primary reason of owning a second home. Some 20-25 years back, they bought a plot near hill side as an investment purpose. As that area started developing, they constructed their second home in 2010 for the sole purpose of breaking away from breakneck speed of their professional life and for some recreational activities.

Primary Home

Second Home

102

TANGIBLE FACTORS FOR DECODING ASPIRATIONS

Second home with the idea of Accessibility and Location

Clinic and hospitals

Within 2-3 km radius

For this family, location of second home in the city or close to the city is an important factor. The way they mention about the time and distance of their travel it clearly suggests the family start their association with the second home from a considerable distance.

To overcome the travel time problem the family decided to own a second home nearer to the city yet in a locality completely different than their primary home.

Their primary home is located in the inner city of Narayan Peth area in Pune where roads are famously narrower. Their house is placed in a densely constructed locality, from heavy traffic congestion on main roads to a maze of alleyways leading entry to their house. Their professional and social activities mostly revolve around their primary home within a close proximity.

Whereas their second home is located in the Pashan area of city besides the hills. Very crowded streets and dirty.

Whereas, second home is clean.

103

“ We are in the central part of the city and it’s like the heart of the city. Our clinic, hospitals and everything is very much nearby within 2 km radius.

And our second house takes around 20-25 min on a busy time while on Sundays we take only 10-15 min. It’s not in the outskirts but it is near the hills… and all the greenery around and just the bungalow with the society. The locality is completely different than our primary home. “

Panoramic view of alley leading towards primary home

Panoramic view of terrace of second home overlooking the hills

104

Second home with the idea of Surrounding spaces Primary home Primary home of Pandit family is located in center of Pune city. It has enough living spaces in proportion, with a small garden.

Their first home being the only remaining low rise structure surrounded by high rise flats on thee sides giving a feeling of enclosure. There is no space between boundary of bungalow and flats next to it on all three sides.

Human eye perceive space and openness through their horizontal line of vision, which is suddenly blocked off, creating feeling of being enclosed. Garden facing window openings give very limited view, again quickly blocked of by vertical barriers of surrounding apartment walls. Even views from outward facing windows of bedrooms is nothing but a wall.

Air circulation down at ground floor level is compromised by sheer structure of flat on three sides. They don’t have the privilege to enjoy sunrise and sunset from their first home.

Only two hour window of sunlight in whole day is available.

Densely constructed structure with no in-between space and approachable only by an alleyway creates perception of lack of open space and enclosure.

Organization of built

Plan

Elevation

105

Second home Openness with the idea of surrounding/less constructed space around.

Their second home is a society of bungalows overlooking a small hill and green vistas.

Here, at human eye level, there horizontal views are completely unobstructed and vast overlooking green pasture and hillside. Here, all bungalows were constructed with leaving ample space in between. Also, they were placed to make three sides open to surrounding. Air circulation and cross ventilation is easily achieved through large openings on all sides. Sunlight filtered in throughout the day at their second home. Thus, second home provides what they miss in their first home, openness.

Plan

Elevation

106

Second home with the idea of Openings/view/light Primary home First home openings in common living spaces are facing garden, providing them limited feeling of openness as view of a small patch of green immediately cutoff by vertical structure of flat.

Pandit family are busy during most of their day time at clinic and only able to use their common living spaces for very short duration.

Their personal spaces i.e. bedrooms are more in use in first home. Bedroom openings are nominal in size and give absolutely zero view outside as nearby flat wall is closing in.

There is negligible natural light and circulated air available in their bedroom spaces. Even during daytime they need to provide artificial light in that spaces.

Outside view from bedroom window 107

“We get sunlight only 2hrs a day when we are not in the house. We do not receive light in the bedrooms at any time of the day. Only getting light from the garden area. It filters in light only in the common areas that too for only 2 hrs a day while the bedrooms remain dark the whole day.�

Second home Pandit family openings in

make it a point to create larger their second home, Vrundavan.

At first floor and second floor level, they created window openings larger in size and number. In effect, it creates a long horizontal slit openings in two adjacent wall giving a panoramic view of outside hill and nature .

Bedroom open in to a large balcony with just a transparent transition wall create a huge feeling of openness and perceive it as oneness with nature.

All three levels of their second home and openings were placed such that, from ground floor, they have a view of plantation; from first and second floor they can view surrounding trees and from terrace they have a complete panoramic view of hillside.

Openings at all three levels

Outside view from bedroom window 108

SPACE USAGE BY FAMILY MEMBERS INDIVIDUALLY AND COLLECTIVELY | PRIMARY HOME

5:00 AM TO 9:00 AM TO 1:00 PM TO 5:00 PM TO 9:00 PM TO 9:00 AM 1:00 PM 5:00 PM 9:00 PM 1:00 AM

LIVING ROOM BACKYARD GARDEN (courtyard) BEDROOM 1 BEDROOM 2 BEDROOM 3 (Guest) KITCHEN DINING

The chart above shows daily routine at their primary home running with round the clock precision. All members follow similar routine of leaving for clinic in the morning and returning back home in the evening. Hence, their daily activities are mostly centered around morning and late evening at their primary home. Dr. Srirang invariably spends his morning time in his backyard garden tending to his plants and pots. Jayshree,

Dining 109

Living

Vikarm and Pratibha spend their morning hours in their individual bedroom space.

Kitchen space is mostly occupied by staff and occasionally by Jayshree. All of the them have their breakfast and dinner together in dining space at a fix time. Infrequently, if time permits, they enjoy afternoon siesta in their respective bedrooms and have lunch in dining area. Only Dr. Srirang has an inclination for watching TV at night.

Backyard garden

SPACE USAGE BY FAMILY MEMBERS INDIVIDUALLY AND COLLECTIVELY | SECOND HOME

5:00 AM TO 9:00 AM TO 1:00 PM TO 5:00 PM TO 9:00 PM TO 9:00 AM 1:00 PM 5:00 PM 9:00 PM 1:00 AM

LIVING ROOM 1 + DINING LIVING ROOM 2 (recreational space) BEDROOM 1 (parents) BEDROOM 2 KITCHEN

TERRACE

Here, chart suggests their activity is centred in the living area throughout the day.

Compulsory freedom from medical practice during weekend helps them stay at their second home overnight many a times.

Afternoon activity, as chart suggests is done by both doctor couple whenever they find some “escape” time from their clinical practice.

Except from close friend’s get together during weekend, they are very reclusive in their

Kitchen

Living

attitude at their second home. This is their escape mechanism from the fast paced daily routine. They also prefer climbing the hill and go for hiking.

Terrace 110

INFERENCE While comparing the graphical representation of activities at both the homes, it is clearly evident that individual spaces of primary home are majorly utilized and their work do not allow them opportunity to use the common space for much of the time.

Whereas, the living spaces like terrace and living room of their second home are majorly utilized. Panoramic view of the surrounding hill and green vista makes them spend time on their terrace during sunset.

Their second home is quite an escape for family. Whenever find some ebb in otherwise hectic schedule of their clinic practice....they invariably went to their second home for respite. Dr. Shrirang and Jayshree visit their second home more often then their son-daughter in law couple. During weekdays and during weekends they enjoy their small escape from nonstop routine and often they stay overnight. While Dr. Vikram and his wife Pratibha usually visit their second home in weekdays and weekends but rarely stay overnight there. Their second home visit is usually in pair. Reason being to gather always, all day at clinic...they don’t feel deprived of family time. Weekends, when they invite friend there, their second home become virtually a party house.

In primary home, rigid schedule don’t allow them the opportunity to cook often. Also, in order to follow specific ritual and customs of not cooking non-vegetarian food in primary home, Pratibha and Vikram fulfills their love for nonveg food in their second home. Hence kitchen in both the homes is found to be used actively.

111

5:00 AM TO 9:00 AM TO 1:00 PM TO 5:00 PM TO 9:00 PM TO 9:00 AM 1:00 PM 5:00 PM 9:00 PM 1:00 AM

Living/Dining/terrace

SECOND HOME Family spaces FIRST HOME

Dining

living

Backyard garden

Bedrooms

SECOND HOME Individual spaces FIRST HOME

Bedrooms

SECOND HOME Kitchen/services FIRST HOME

Legend 1 unit=1 hour

SRIRANG

JAYSHREE

VIKRAM

PRATIBHA

STAFF 112

OBSERVATIONS/INFERENCES The land-building relationship is considered weak in their second home, because the building is raised vertically. The entire ground floor is dedicated for the parking. Because of parking restraint in the first home, they make it a point to create ample parking space available in the ground floor area of the second home. Whereas, the land building relationship is strongly addressed in their first home where the building spreads horizontally on the ground floor.

In both the house, minimum circulation is found. There are no corridor spaces in both the house, as they find it a waste of space. Rather than having transitional spaces they want spaces fully dedicated to the activities happening inside with view towards outside. The circulation is observed to be very simple and straight forward.

Except for the kitchen, the interior spaces in both the homes are found in same proportions. The kitchen is found bare minimum in second home whereas in first home it is rather more elaborated due to its daily use. Private spaces like bedrooms are observed normal in both the homes while bathrooms are rather more elaborated in their second home in terms of transparency as well as materials.

The spatial relationship is very well worked out in their second home. Kitchen, dining and living are spatially well connected.

They do not have any physical barrier in between to allow overlapping and expansion of spaces into each other. All these spaces together make big space for gathering rather than few small and divided spaces. In their second home, there are two family spaces (living room) in second home, one on each floor. Private spaces like bedrooms are placed along the periphery while main focus is their living family spaces.

Their idea of relaxation is limited to garden space in first home. While in their second home they have multiple layers of spaces to relax.

113

Primary Home

KITCHEN

GARDEN

Ground floor plan

Second home

Ground floor plan

First floor plan

114

‘Escape is the way’

117

SALOT FAMILY

118

FAMILY STRUCTURE & MOTIVES TOWARDS SECOND HOME Jaya Salot |89

Rupesh Salot |52

Heritage conservationist & Construction business

Sneh Salot | 24

How often?

Use/ Purpose?

JAYA

Jewellery Designer

Swayam Salot | 17

Working at CEPT Research Development Foundation

RUPESH

MEETA

SNEH

Student

SWAYAM

Once in a month

Twice a month

Three-four times Two-three times monthly monthly

Twice a month

Birthday celebrations and family gatherings.

Check for maintenance

Partying with Friends/family get friends/ families to-gather

To study for boards

Friends/family get-together

To entertain guests

Friends/family get to-gather

Client meetings/ broker (Rarely)

Dance practice

Reasons/ needs?

Primary Home Second Home 119

Meeta Salot | 50

Space constraints in first home (scarcity of guest room)

Dance practice

Move away from Individual mental the daily routine space, First home and work place is socially active and hence the level of noise bothers No open place Proximity plays a Beautiful property for social key role for sneh. having strong resemblance of gatherings to She like to go often Parsee culture in the occur as it is at a very short distance interiors. It has good heritage reference and value attached.

__

First home is socially active and hence the level of noise bothers

FUNCTIONS/FESTIVALS Diwali

Rakshabandhan, theme parties, Christmas parties, Holi, reunions, dance rehearsals, night stays, marriage ceremonies etc..

FAMILY INFORMATION A Jain-Gujarati family of 5, the Salot family spans over three generation currently lives in a bungalow in Ahmedabad city.

They have been living in this house for past 50 years in a close knit neighborhood consisting primarily of extended family.

Mr. Salot is staying in this house since he was 3 years old.

This place carries huge emotional value for Mr. Salot and his mother because of the familiar neighborhood and association with the place.

Both, Mr Salot and his wife are busy with their respective thriving businesses. Apart from other two offices of Mr. Salot, away from his home, he established his own office on the top floor of the house, along with his wife’s office on the first floor. Domestic staff, office staff and frequent guests visits makes this house active throughout the day. So, in a way, their primary home is a nerve center of all their daily activity.

This socially active and people loving family decided to own a second home which provides respite from hustle-bustle of their constantly busy primary home. It’s proximity to their primary home makes it very easy, practical and convenient for them to cater social functions, festival celebrations, small get together and individual mental space.

Primary Home

Second Home

120

TANGIBLE FACTORS FOR DECODING ASPIRATIONS Second home with the idea of Accessibility

Their primary home is located in university area of Navrangpura. The area consists of several societies having a mixture of apartments and bungalows in close proximity.

Their home is in a familiar neighborhood consisting of primarily of extended family. This home is a nerve center for all their daily activities.

The family start their association with the second home with consideration of distance and having it in a similar locality to their first home. Their second home is located just 2 km away. Unlike other second home, their home is not meant to be far from city. The proximity of their second home ‘lily’ is so approachable that no one in the family carry a second thought to reach there. Their second home is also placed with several other residences overlooking a huge planar ground with trees right opposite to their home.

The frequent short stays by the owners of this family demonstrates the prevalent use, attesting to the genuine requirement of second home near by.

121

“ Ahmedabad doesn’t have those kind of spaces where one can sit for hours without eating outside food. If our second home would be in Shilaj [in outskirts], than for that matter no body among us would bother to long commute. Everyone is like….no we have to save our time irrespective of knowing we have a lot of time. We want to be in that nearer location, where we can just quickly come and quickly go whenever we want to and feel like. “

Second home with the idea of Heritage value/Elements House owner Mr. Rupesh Salot and family are the third owner of this bungalow.

Their second home was a primary home for a Parsee family.

‘Naursee’ khambhata Parsee family built this house long back which was then occupied by a family from London by Mr. Ashok Vikhlani who is one of the directors of leading soft drink brand named ‘Rasna’. After few years they migrated to stay near Sanand area of Ahmedabad.

Being a heritage conservationist and builder himself, Mr. Salot find multiplying value in purchasing, preserving and utilizing this house. It is a beautiful house having strong resemblance of Parsee culture in the interiors. It has good heritage reference and value attached.

Elements -

Second home is a bungalow and its design has typical Parsee influence. Stone cladded magnificent facade, long spacious veranda in front, pop-out bay windows, Interiors with arched transitions passages, stained glass windows, intricate wooden carving on railing of staircase....all carries priceless heritage value to it.

122

Second home with the idea of Big social gathering space

Swayam says “I always yearned for the peace and quietness in a place during my exams…..between all busyness and activeness of our primary home, I found a place where I can achieve complete concentration in silence and focus to study as well as relax….”

Mr. Salot says “Sometimes, my office spaces at first home is not fit for certain class of clients. I choose to entertain them at my second home where the living room is spacious and comfortable”

Meeta says “My social circle is quite big and get-together happen frequently. I like to invite my friends in second home where I find exclusivity and privacy.”

Sneh says “I visit my second home whenever my mood and time permits. Being close to my primary home, second home is my chosen place for my frequent visits. .”

123

Second home has more common living spaces.

Two living rooms with the upper floor living room with direct access to the terrace is very apt for their social functions. Living room in ground floor and adjacent verandah is also very well used for their individual purpose

Living room 1

Living room 2

Verandah

Terrace 124

SPACE USAGE BY FAMILY MEMBERS INDIVIDUALLY AND COLLECTIVELY | PRIMARY HOME 5:00 AM TO 9:00 AM TO 1:00 PM TO 5:00 PM TO 9:00 PM TO 9:00 AM 1:00 PM 5:00 PM 9:00 PM 1:00 AM

LIVING ROOM FORMAL DINING KITCHEN+DINING BEDROOM 1 BEDROOM 2 BEDROOM 3 OFFICE 1 OFFICE 2 WAITING AREA TV ROOM VERANDAH

Living room 125

Bedroom 3

Office 1

SPACE USAGE BY FAMILY MEMBERS INDIVIDUALLY AND COLLECTIVELY | SECOND HOME 5:00 AM TO 9:00 AM TO 1:00 PM TO 5:00 PM TO 9:00 PM TO 9:00 AM 1:00 PM 5:00 PM 9:00 PM 1:00 AM

LIVING ROOM 1 LIVING ROOM 2 + TERRACE DINING KITCHEN VERANDAH BEDROOM 1 BEDROOM 2 BEDROOM 3 GARDEN

Dance rehearsals in living room 1

Living room 2 126

Primary home Salot family, a family of 5 with army of staff/helper around running their primary home like a tight ship. Dual purpose of the work and home makes it bustling with activity.

Mr. and Mrs. Salot both busy with their work at their primary home makes office and waiting area from late morning till early evening. Their office and household staff also occupies the space more often. During morning hours activities are slow including yoga in the waiting area by Sneh along with her dad, following which Rupesh, Meeta and Sneh have their morning tea together. The family time seems to be in the verandah in the morning and more inclined in TV room in the evening. Apart from that everybody is busy in their own personal domain. A constant presence of granny Jaya is felt in her bedroom throughout the day. One other significant aspect of activity rises due to the office staff, and guest’s frequent visit during the day time.

Second home Meeta being a socialite often invites her guest post work in their second home and engage in social activities in living room. Likewise her husband, and children enjoy company of their friends and relatives in living room space in second home. When get together has more number of people they occupy their second living room on the first floor as well as terrace which is connected with it. They also offer bedrooms of their second home to their guest for overnight stay. Mr. Rupesh visits their second home in the early part of the day to check for maintenance as well as having a walk with his dog.

INFERENCE Having said that, the primary home is an overlapping work and living space together. It is very active, busy and noisy space. Primary home is visited constantly visited by clients, guests and constant movement of office staff and household staff makes it a hotch-potch of activities. This couple is very active socially and often hosting get together with multitude of their friends and relatives. Primary home is lacking in the guest room and space to hold large number of people. So as an extension of their lifestyle and activity is overflowed in their second home.

127

5:00 AM TO 9:00 AM TO 1:00 PM TO 5:00 PM TO 9:00 PM TO 9:00 AM 1:00 PM 5:00 PM 9:00 PM 1:00 AM

Living 1&2 + Terrace

SECOND HOME

Verandah

Family spaces

Living

FIRST HOME

Verandah

Kitchen/dining

Tv room

Bedroom

SECOND HOME Individual spaces FIRST HOME

SECOND HOME Kitchen/services FIRST HOME

Legend 1 unit = 1 hour

RUPESH

MEETA

SNEH

SWAYAM

JAYA

OFFICE HOUSEHOLD STAFF STAFF/GUEST 128

‘More the merrier!’

MISTRY FAMILY

FAMILY STRUCTURE & MOTIVES TOWARDS SECOND HOME

Bhanuben Mistry |76

Furniture manufacturer & Interior designer

Dipesh Mistry |51

Housewife

Amisha Mistry | 47

Vrushik Mistry| 22

Housewife

Architect

An interview with individual family members Bhanuben

Dipesh

Amisha

Vrushik

Once a How month often?

Use/ __ Purpose?

Once a month

Once a month

Once a month

Friends/family gettogether

Friends/family gettogether

Friends/family get to-gather

Reasons/ needs?

To experience a change To increase family from the professional bonding setup at primary home

133

__

To play tennis and use all other amenities provided in that gated community

FAMILY INFORMATION A family of 4, Mistry family currently lives in old city of the Ahmedabad. Their house is intact since last 100 years now. A typical pol house consisting of two floors is made with mainly wooden column/ beam and stones in an ancient traditional architectural way. Situated near the heart of old city, Manek chowk, it’s a typical pol house. Their primary home houses commercial furniture show room shop named, “Yash furniture”. This showroom is since 1948. Pol culture and their living style are unique as they live as a big close knit family.

They are very cooperative and very considerate people. Such virtues and their professional setup in their first home make them professional setup prevents them to leave this area. For want of enjoying modernity and latest amenities offered by new age structure and different lifestyle, they bought a villa house in apple-wood on SP ring road, as their second home.

Primary Home

Second Home

134

TANGIBLE FACTORS FOR DECODING ASPIRATIONS

Second home with the idea of Location

Their first home is located in Bapa Shastri pol, near Manek chowk in the heart of old walled city of Ahmedabad.

Pol houses are generally situated in a very tightly placed, close community. The adjacent houses are at an arm’s distance.

Their primary home is placed in a very confined pol area.

In pols, the road between the opposite residential houses are very narrow without any pavement. Usually adjacent houses share a common wall. Thus spaces in pol house are a very sparse commodity. Parking spaces are very difficult to get by here.

Primary Home

Whereas, their second home is placed in modern forward community in the other part of the city across the river in villa schemes of apple-wood on SP ring road.

Mistry family aspire to have a second home with the scope of having enough parking in the front, small garden in the back as well as well defined transitional space between adjacent villas.

135

Second Home

Panoramic view showing surrounding spaces with alley leading towards primary home- Pol house

Panoramic view showing surrounding spaces of second home 136

Second home with the idea of Amenity-rich facilities In contrasts to their primary home where constraints of space makes their living restricted to only work and routine without ant possibility of recreation. Whereas, at second home, at apple-wood they have well-planned amenity rich area available including common swimming pool, gym, club house etc. Their leisure activities are being fulfilled here.

Swimming

Club House Second home

Gym

Table tennis

Second home with the idea of Spatial planning/Similar functional spaces In their second home, it is observed that they prefer the design style similar to their primary home so that their transition to the newer place would be smooth and easy.

Open to sky courtyard is suggestive of this design.

The spaces in their primary home are in close proximity to each other with minimum transition space. While transition spaces are well-defined in their second home between their living spaces.

At their second home, a very spacious courtyard with a skylight brightens the space making it more lively. It works as a core element which connects vertically as well horizontally with all the spaces. The courtyard in their second home is of much larger scale than that in primary home. This suggests their strong connection for having a courtyard in a much elaborated manner in second home.

Courtyards at both the homes, verbally and visually connect spaces and family members very easily. Unlike in their first home, the courtyard in their second home is in a much larger scale.

137

Primary home

Panoramic view showing centrally placed courtyard connecting adjacent spaces

Second home

Panoramic view showing centrally placed courtyard connecting adjacent spaces 138

Second home with the idea of Different lifestyle/modernity This is an ideal case depicting the changing aspiration because of the stark cultural differences between the lifestyles at two homes.

Long years of living in the pol house made this family adapted to their ways of living. They are living in a very old traditional cultural lifestyle. Being in a gated community, they live in a close-knit environment. So they prefer not to abandon their primary home but at the same time they wanted to experience an “alternate� lifestyle in their second home.

They seek completely opposing lifestyle at their second home. Here at second home, their indoor living space are very contemporary. Materials used in the first home are mostly wood and stone. While in their second home contemporary materials like, glass, concrete, brick, polished surfaces. Tools of comforts like spacious well equipped bathrooms, kitchen and other living spaces are readily available at their second home. This makes them feel renewed and refresh from their old ways of living at pol house.

At their primary home they use the living spaces according to availability and use them with adjustment and adaptation while in second home living spaces are well-defined with allocated functions.

Work/living space together in primary home makes their life very engaging throughout the day. While at second home, they wanted to live in community but with some personalized private space for themselves.

Their longing for modern amenity rich lifestyle is aptly satisfied in second home.

There is no scope or space for greenery in the first home, but here in second home they have a sizable lawn in the backyard.

139

Primary home

Second home

140

‘Family-in-transit’

143

Chapter 5 | Conclusions

144

5.1 Comparative analysis of five second homes in each study In the course of all the studies, it is observed that the meanings attached to Second home and use of second home differs depending on various factors like its distance from first home and how frequently one is able to use and occupy it.

ACCESSIBILITY An examination on the accessibility of the second homes by the owners demonstrates the frequency of use. Each family being studied in this research believe that distance of second home from the primary home should be a consideration.

After analyzing all the case studies, accessibility can be broadly divided in- within city limits and outside city limits.

In case of kamdar family, they visit second home on alternate weekends and travel less often on weekdays as their second home is outside the city limits about 50 kms away from their primary home. In contrasts to that, despite of having second home near Bhopal border, 25 km away from primary home, kadam family is the most active user among all other cases.

Their love for nature and aspiration to live amongst the nature compels them to visit more frequently.

In other cases, Salot family start their association with the second home with a distance less than 3 kms and having it in a similar locality to their primary home within the city limit, which makes their visits frequent and short. Also in case of Pandit family, accessibility to second home within the city limits is the prime factor taken into consideration which enables their visits to second home flexible and frequent.

Mistry family is a stand-alone case, being occupied with their work/life activity back in pol house, they visit their second home less frequent as they are very much grounded in their pol house culture.

While looking at this analysis two important observation are pointed out. As the distance increases and crossing city limits built area of second home reduces in size and open outdoor spaces increases. These observations suggests more inclination towards nature and indoor spaces becomes more functional than elaborative, blurring boundaries between interior spaces.

As the distance decreased and it is within city limits, built area increased compared to outdoor spaces and indoor spaces are more elaborative providing aesthetics and utilitarian value.

All places are segmented and alloted spaces.

145

LAND VS BUILT

LOCATION

DISTANCE FROM PRIMARY HOME

FREQUENCY OF USE

(Average of all family members)

KADAM FAMILY, BHOPAL

Outside city limits

25 km

Three days a week

KAMDAR FAMILY, AHMEDABAD

Outside city limits

50 km

Twice a month

SALOT FAMILY, AHMEDABAD

Within city limits

2 km

Once a week

PANDIT FAMILY, PUNE

Within city limits

8 km

Thrice a month

MISTRY FAMILY, AHMEDABAD

Within city limits

15 km

Once a month

Most frequent

Least frequent

146

FAMILIES

TANGIBLE AND INTANGIBLE FACTORS IN DECODING ASPIRATIONS | SECOND HOMES Indoor - Outdoor space interaction/nature

KAMDAR

• Indoor-outdoor space interaction is strongly addressed through large openings and centrally placed courtyard.

• Family space like living room opens out into verandah space and further opens into flat party lawn on one side and other side opens out into the internal courtyard.

• Merger of interior family spaces with no barriers in between to achieve maximum interaction • Bedroom opens out to a huge balcony.

Family Space/Common living space Multiple spaces to perform similar activities.

Verandah overlooking outside

Outside view from the living Internal centrally placed courtyard room

• Family enjoy having lounging activities at all different spaces (gazebo, verandah, livingdining-kitchen, outhouse verandah), as according to the time of the day they provide variety and appropriateness.

• Different types of furniture in all spaces.

Semi-open gazebo

Closed living room space

Semi-open verandah overlooking open flat lawns

KADAM

• Multipurpose hall is kept very much open from all the sides, with big openings and glass ribbon-styled window. The hall is visually connected with outside farm.

• Viewing outside no matter in which corner of the house you are in.

• All spaces like bedroom, kitchen, living and guest room opens out towards outside through balconies attached to all four spaces which opens out in all directions.

PANDIT

One space to perform multitude of activities.

360 degree view of farm

• The relationship between inside and outside is achieved through openings.

• The living room space on both the floors are visually connected to outdoor space through long horizontal slit openings in two adjacent walls giving a panoramic view of outside hill and nature.

Multipurpose hall space

• Aspire to have a multipurpose indoor space which allows to perform variety of activities (like dancing, meditating, yoga, listening to music, evening tea/ coffee, chatting).

• Bare minimum furniture in space.

Multipurpose hall space

A big living room space whit maximum amount of light filtering inside • Barely used living room in first home while aspire to have two living rooms spatially placed one on each floor.

Living room on the ground floor

147

Image/Elements/materiality

Recreational sports activity/Amenities

Image of second home lies in its architectural form materiality • Strong idea of image • Resemblance observed between second home and CEPT in outer shell/exterior as well as interiors • Resemblance through choice of materials.

• An inclination towards detailing and furniture elements is observed

• The family is fond of sports • The family wanted to have a outdoor as well as indoor recreational space to spent time with family together. (Outdoor: table tennis, golf, gym)

Club House

Golf course Second home

Mr. Parag kamdar’s second home

One of the building in Cept University

Especially creating and utilizing recreation Gym space in outhouse

Restaurant

Image of second home lies in farm land and outdoor spaces • Extreme love for nature • Image is reflected through their maximum usage of outdoor spaces as well as furniture elements and their activities majorly revolving in outdoor spaces.

• Land vs built ratio- 1:4 (Primary home) Land vs built ratio- 1:100 (second home) • This itself suggests that they wanted to have an extension of their aspiration of being with nature in their second home.

House in a farm land

Maximum usage of outdoor spaces

• Indoor + outdoor recreation space • (Indoor: tennis, carom, board games and outdoor: hiking, trail on hill)

Living room on first floor dedicated to various indoor games overlooking the outside greenery

Hiking on hill right opposite to their second home

148

FAMILIES

TANGIBLE AND INTANGIBLE FACTORS IN DECODING ASPIRATIONS | SECOND HOMES Indoor - Outdoor space interaction

SALOT

MISTRY

149

Family Space/Common living space • A big social gathering space which is otherwise not available in first home due to space constraints.

• There is a huge courtyard placed centrally inside their second home.

A small entrance passageway opens out into huge volume of covered interior courtyard space.

Image/Elements/materiality

Recreational sports activity/Amenities

• Already designed-ready made bungalow having parsee influence attracted Mr Rupesh bhai (a heritage conservationist) and he found multiplying value in purchasing, preserving and utilizing this house as a second home. • Strong resemblance of parsee culture reflected through interior architectural elements- pop-out bay windows, Interiors with arched transitions passages, stained glass windows, intricate wooden carving on railing of staircase, wall lamps etc

Modern facilities In contrasts to their primary home where constraints of space makes their living restricted to only work and routine without ant possibility of recreation. Whereas, at second home, at applewood they have wellplanned amenity rich area available including common swimming pool, gym, club house etc. Their leisure activities are being fulfilled here.

Swimming

Club House Second home

Gym

Table tennis

INFERENCE All five second homes placed together make an interesting comparative study. From individual case studies, tangible as well as intangible factors were narrowed down into four groups here to decode deep rooted aspirations for owning a second home.

While studying each group it is observed that common living space is prominently used by every second home owner but other group of factors are not followed uniformly by all second home owners.

As study suggests Kamdar family is driven by the image of their second home while kadam family is more inclined towards nature. Here notion of image is reflected through form and material of the built. While Mistry family do not consider image as their major aspirational factor. Image of Parsee influenced

heritage house is important for salot family. Having observed a group of recreational activity/amenity, Mistry family, kamdar and pandit family are inclined towards it but, for salot family and kadam family other factors are more important. Kadam family, Kamdar family and Pandit family are vouching for nature and maximum interaction with outdoors, while salot and mistry family look inwards and enjoys indoor spaces.

Thus it can be said that, there are myriad forms of aspirations.

There is no proven set of aspirations driving people to own a second home.

Some second home owners are more inclined towards image and recreation group while others are more inclined towards outdoor/indoor with overlapping family spaces. Family spaces is a common thread for all the second home owners.

150

Comparative Analysis | changing aspirations Five families, five second homes, three different cities, varied locations, equally different lifestyles and variety of living spaces are an interesting mix to study and to dig out aspirations. While going through each case and looking at them together in order to compare, it is observed that there are few interesting facts that comes to fore.

Salot family’s second home was pre-owned by a Parsee family as their primary home. Their second home- ‘lily bungalow’ carries heritage value in terms of beautifully crafted interior architectural elements including antique furniture pieces, artistic decorative wall lamps, traditional floral motifs featured on staircase railing, stained color glass windows etc. Mr. Rupesh salot, being very rich and affluent owns a number of properties in the city. Being a heritage conservationist himself, he was inclined and attracted by this gorgeous Parsi-styled home. His second home is being used frequently, unaltered, preserving all the Parsi architectural and interior elements intact.

In contrast to that, Mistry family lives in old city of Ahmedabad, having a potential heritage value of their pol house. As the old walled city of Ahmedabad, being rich in heritage and recently being enlisted as world heritage city, people have started appreciating and restoring it for various uses. Residing in 100 year old pol house, Mistry family decided to own a second home in modern-urban location at Apple woods to seek modernity.

While Salot family enjoys their heritage-rich house as second home, Mistry family is moving out to taste the urban modern lifestyles and pleasures of amenity-rich region.

While considering urban location, Kamdar family is pretty modern in their lifestyle and living in posh urban locality of Ahmedabad where all the amenities are in proximity. Here, in their primary home they enjoy all the latest comforts of life. But, they aspired to build their second home at a faraway distance in the outskirts of the city (Rural area), some one and a half hour drive. Their second home is at a calm serene place away from the hectic urban routine. They use it mostly for long weekends.

151

Second Home Salot family

Primary Home

Mistry family

Mistry family

Heritage Value

Kamdar family

Kamdar family

Modernity

Pandit family

Pandit family

Rural

Kadam family

Kadam family

Nature

In contrast to that, Pandit family enjoys their second home at a nearby hill side from which their primary home is just 20 min away in Pune city. Being in a tight schedule of medical practice they wanted some respite. Their second home revitalizes and recharges them aptly. Located at hill side and surrounded by green cover they enjoy being with nature.

Trekking around hill area and watching sunset from the terrace are their favorite activity.

For Kadam family, being surrounded by nature is their second nature. They live in Bhopal city at their primary home virtually surrounded by thick green cover. Being a nature lover, their primary home is minimally built and all its living spaces are designed outwardly to enjoy natural surroundings.

Yet to optimize their inclination towards nature, they decided to own a second home in a farm land. All the farm related activity as well as Eco-friendly organic farming gives them maximum satisfaction.

Thus, after analyzing a set of case studies, it can be stated that there are multitude of aspirations driving people to own second homes. Every aspiration is an exploration or consumption of desires, either partly fulfilled or unfulfilled, at their first home. Second home seems to manifest out of these desires namely, escape from routine, revitalize after stressed professional activity, to socialize, to be one with nature, going back to the roots, or embracing modernity.

A notion that second home is for leisure or nature is not entirely true in context of modern people owning second home. The people living in contemporary urban spaces are leading their fast paced productive life at primary home. They are living in the world full of technology and recreational tool at their disposal. So, new aspirations arise out of advances in lifestyles and basic need. Nowadays, aspiration are not confined to leisure or recreation alone, is what this study states.

152

5.2 Second home: A result of changing aspirations Second home Is it home away from home?

Is it extension of home?

Or, is it a new home?

Second home is a scope, an opportunity, a space, where you can chase, fulfill and integrate multitude of aspirations.

It provides a new dimension or a different meaning to a lifestyle.

Through this whole study of understanding people’s thought process of deliberating, owning and utilizing a second home shows multiple dimensions of aspirations, activities, spaces, location and accessibility. Based on the study few groups of aspirations can be extracted out of an emotional spectrum of a human mind.

Ranging from recreation just to refresh a life, to satisfy the inner need through feeling one with nature, these journey of emotions leads one to have quality time with family and support desire of imitating some notions of images, materials as well as elements in their second home. Certain facades, certain style of space design makes a lasting impression on human mind. Certain furniture elements also make an attachment with desire and recreating them or preserving them in their second home is important to some.

Approaching greenery and nature is utmost important for some people. They develop their second home keeping nature in mind.

Recreation is a way of escaping or revitalizing after daily stressful urban life. This leads to the formation of retreat like second home. Here spaces and elements were created for relaxation.

153

To be one with family requires some exclusivity of time where their routine daily activities are absent. Idea of creating second home here is centered on spending some quality time with family.

Owning a second home needs a person to invest time, effort and money. Usually affluent class of society have an access to all these three means together. People’s aspirations are so strong that they have to get it translated in form of their second home.

One has to understand a person and his lifestyle at their primary home completely to derive aspiration for second home. One needs to understand their first home to identify aspirations for second home. Primary home is sometimes not providing conducive surrounding, enough space or time to support aspirational activities. Daily routine activities and urban spaces sometimes don’t support work/life balance in primary home. Second home provides a medium or a means to support aspirational activities.

Aspirations being derived through these case studies are varied and doesn’t relate with the usual notion of leisure attached with second home. Apart of leisure, second home can be related at a deeper level, expressing senses of belonging, family and place, and ideas of heritage.

After interviewing, it is realized that people can derive their aspirations from their past (relive), present (upgrade) and future (embrace). From case study it is observed that Kadam family draws their aspiration from the past. As Mrs Kadam grew up amongst nature as her father being forest officer.

So she relives her aspiration of being close to nature in their second home. Salot family being very active socially could not accommodate their activities at primary home. Their second home upgraded their socialite status presently. Whereas, Mistry family just tasted their aspiring modern lifestyle at

154

their second home. They decided to access their second home more frequently in future to enjoy the contemporary life in contrast to their pol culture.

Aspiration drives a person from dream to its realization. It moves an idea, a thought, and an inner desire, from virtual to real. After understanding dynamics of aspirations it needs to be fulfilled by aligning/syncing it with the appropriate space creation and design element. Second home space requires flexibility in space planning, elements and design to cater to the specific aspiration. Thus the second home has to be more flexible a space. Designer need not demarcate spaces as standard living room, dining, bedroom etc. Second home gives one, a flexibility of eliminating the formality.

After understanding different aspects of human aspirations one thing comes out loud and clear. After being contented at primary home and settling down with it, human mind started aspiring for second home‌ It is a continuous process.

Aspirations never rest. Human mind never settles. Designing, creating and managing, new spaces come out of this unending quest of aspirations.

Aspiration resides in human mind and it can manifest at any place, be it primary home, secondary home or any other home. Aspiration is an attempt to create a space where the can dwell at peace.

155

156

Bibliography Published References McIntyre, N. (2006). Multiple dwelling and tourism: Negotiating place, home and identity. Oxford: CABI Pub. Hall, C. M., & Müller, D. K. (2004). Tourism, mobility, and second homes: Between elite landscape and common ground. Clevedon, UK: Channel View Publications.

Lane, B. M. (2007). Housing and dwelling perspectives on Modern Domestic Architecture. New York: Routledge.

Ching, F. D. (1979). Architecture: Form, Space & Order. Nostrand.

Norberg-Schulz, C. (1980). Genius loci: Towards phenomenology of architecture. London: Academy.

Candilis, G. (1976). Planning and design for leisure. Stuttgart: Kramer.

Heidegger, M., & Krell, D. F. (2011). Basic writings: From Being and Time (1927) to The Task of Thinking (1964). London: Routledge Classics. Article- Building, Dwelling, Thinking Lawrence, R. J. (1987). Housing, dwellings and homes: Design theory, research and practice. Chichester: Wiley.

Flückiger, U. P. (2016). How much house?: Thoreau, Le Corbusier and the sustainable cabin. Basel: Birkhäuser.

Marjavaara, R. (2007). The Displacement Myth: Second Home Tourism in the Stockholm Archipelago. Tourism Geographies

Online articles and Journals Sherwood, R. A., Jr. (1989). A Conceptual Framework for the Study of Aspirations. Research in Rural Education,Volume 6, 61-66.

Perkins, H. C., & Thorns, D. C. (n.d.). Home away from home: The primary/second-home relationship. Multiple Dwelling and Tourism: Negotiating Place, Home and Identity,67-81.

Quinn, B. (2004). 8. Dwelling Through Multiple Places: A Case Study of Second Home Ownership in Ireland. Tourism, Mobility and Second Homes,113-130.

Toyama, K. (2017). Design, Needs, and Aspirations in International development. 24-32.

157

Unpublished thesis Patel, K. (2011). Architectural approaches in contemporary farmhouse and its departure from ‘dwelling’: Examples of Ahmedabad. Ahmedabad: CEPT University Modi, R. (2017). Defining spaces in a dwelling with dissolved boundaries. Ahmedabad: CEPT University Singhal, N. (2017). Home : Where do memories reside? Ahmedabad: CEPT University Patel, M. (2014). Home : a setting for memory. Ahmedabad: CEPT University Kabaria, D. (2002) . Living spaces : reflection of changing aspirations. Ahmedabad: CEPT University

Websites http://www.16guidelines.org/explore/browse-the-guidelines/how-we-find-meaning/aspiration https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipu_Sultan%27s_Summer_Palace https://www.owlgen.com/question/explain-the-meaning-of-aspiration-and-achievements-in-context-of-personality-development https://www.themachan.com/img/news/businessstandard.pdf

158

List of Figures Chapter II Second home | Definition and meaning Fig 2.2.1 - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182147#/media/File:Winter_Palace_Panorama_3.jpg Fig 2.2.2 - https://www.victors.de/en/hotels/berlin/leisure/schloss-sanssouci.html Fig 2.2.3 - https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-in-ontarios-cottage-country-theres-anew-sound-of-summer-shhhh/ Fig 2.2.4 - http://www.harrishillresort.com/Lake-of-the-Woods-Ontario-Cabins Fig 2.3.1 - https://www.viajeselcorteingles.es/ficha/hotel/vivanta-by-taj-sawai-madhopur-lodgeu5bsg2xm Fig 2.3.2 - https://www.booking.com/hotel/in/shikarbadi.en-gb.html Fig 2.3.3 - https://www.allposters.com/-sp/Hawa-Mahal-Palace-of-Winds-Built-in-1799-Jaipur-Rajasthan-India-Asia-Posters_i10513584_.htm Fig 2.3.4 - https://www.tripzuki.com/hotels/ghanerao-jungle-lodge-rajasthan/dining/ Fig 2.3.5 - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Viceregal_lodge_Shimla.jpg

Chapter III Literature studies Fig 3.1.1, 3.1.21 - Retrieved from https://www.admagazine.fr/art/sorties/diaporama/agenda-de-lasemaine/6132#agenda-de-la-semaine-4 Fig 3.1.2, 3.1.6, 3.1.7, 3.1.8, 3.1.9 - Retrieved from https://www.dezeen.com/2018/11/07/lecorbusier-paris-apartment-home-immeuble-molitor-refurbishment/ Fig 3.1.3, 3.1.17 - Retrieved from https://www.masculin.com/lifestyle/11419-cabanon-le-corbusier/ Fig 3.1.4 - Retrieved from http://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/CorbuCache/2049_4187.pdf Fig 3.1.5 - Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/904426/le-corbusiers-restored-parisianapartment-opened-to-the-public/5bcdba77f197cc4e40000218-le-corbusiers-restored-parisianapartment-opened-to-the-public-photo Fig 3.1.10, 3.1.11, 3.1.12, 3.1.13, 3.1.15, 3.1.16, 3.1.19, 3.1.20 - Retrieved from a book: How Much House? Thoreau, Le Corbusier and the Sustainable Cabin by Urs Peter FlĂźckiger Fig 3.1.14 - Retrieved from https://www.dezeen.com/2016/07/20/le-corbusier-french-holidayhome-cabanon-17-buildings-unesco-world-heritage-list/ Fig 3.1.18 - Retrieved from https://in.pinterest.com/sousaines/le-corbusier-cabanon/ Fig 3.1.22 - Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/769009/pompidou-centre-hosts-lecorbusier-the-measures-of-man-exhibition/5589f1f7e58ece4107000022-pompidou-centre-hostsle-corbusier-the-measures-of-man-exhibition-photo Fig 3.2.1, 3.2.5 - Retrieved from https://www.designpataki.com/design-pataka-22-the-machanparadise-by-shabbir-unwala-2/ Fig 3.2.2, Fig 3.2.3, Fig 3.2.4 - Retrieved from https://www.themachan.com/tree-house/heritagemachan.php

159

Fig 3.2.6 - Retrieved from https://www.tripadvisor.co.za/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g608474d1737216-i29610547-The_Machan-Lonavala_Pune_District_Maharashtra.html Fig 3.2.7 - Retrieved from https://lbb.in/pune/rise-problems-escape-lonavala-treehouse-weekend/ Fig 3.3.1, 3.3.2- https://www.themodernhouse.com/journal/house-of-the-day-experimental-houseby-alvar-aalto/ Fig 3.3.3, 3.3.5 - https://architizer.com/blog/inspiration/stories/architectural-details-elissa-andalvar-aalto/ Fig 3.3.4 - https://www.design-is-fine.org/post/142969541374/elissa-and-alvar-aalto-patchworkwall-of-bricks Fig 3.4.1, 3.4.2, 3.4.3, 3.4.4, 3.4.5, 3.4.6 - https://www.archdaily.com/408478/over-water-designworkshop Fig 3.5.1, 3.5.2, 3.5.3 - http://www.hermitagekasauli.com/gallery/ Fig 3.5.4 - https://www.airbnb.co.in/rooms/12218273?guests=1&adults=1&sl_alternate_dates_ exclusion=true&source_impression_id=p3_1558787207_qfpmAW3%2Fefp4Su%2Bb Fig 3.5.5 - http://www.hermitagekasauli.com/package/

Chapter IV Case studies Note: The photographs in primary case studies are taken by the author including all the plans, sections and sketches of both the homes.

160

Review Feedback Review 1 - 22/01/2019 • • • •

Define the meaning of first and second home.

Understand the duality and the paradoxical situation that exists between first and second home.

Derive a road map of methodology.

There are many aspects like typologies, organization etc. involved in this topic. Identify and list down these various aspects and find out different examples from it.

• Try to look at the opposite aspect of your thesis topic also, where it may contradict the original.

Reflection In order to define primary and second home, intensive reading on various definitions of second home stated by variety of authors were studied to create strong foundation. Qualitative research method was used as a method to make the cited inquires.

Review 2 - 19/02/2019 • • • • • •

Derive the difference between first home and second home.

Define user and space relationship by formulating a method for case study.

Question and investigate the difference between property and second home.

Derive the hierarchy in the categories of second home listed.

Try to understand the life in first home and life in second home.

Figure out, apart from activity mapping what are the other things to study in first and second home

Reflection Case study selection begun based on the multiple definitions categorized in key words like location/ context, Image, Identity, leisure etc. In order to understand life in primary and second home, framework of case study was derived where family background, their idea of second home, qualities of spaces and activity mapping were analyzed.

161

Review 3 - 19/03/2019 • • • •

Validate the points like image/notion of second home.

Prioritize the derivatives of case studies.

Understand what is an active usage of home.

Identify the focus- Is the focus on the spatial links which leads to make a second home or is it comparative analyses of both the homes.

• What will one gain after finding the differences in both homes.

• Evaluate probable conclusions.

Reflection To validate the intangible and tangible aspects variety of literature studies were undertaken to study second homes of famous architects and designers. All the second homes from primary case studies were compared in order to evaluate conclusions and list derivatives.

162