Umweltdaten: Bericht 2008/2009 by HELLOGRAPH

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09

CONTENTS 1 Nature 2 Water 3 Climate Protection and Energy 4 Authorizations and Monitoring 5 Air Quality and Noise 6 Polluted Sites and Soil Conservation 7 Waste 8 Environmental Indicators 9 Public Relations Work 10 Administration

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09

5 37 73 83 91 99 105 113 117 123

FOREWORD

Dear Readers, You have opened the 17th edition of the Environmental Data Report from the Brandenburg State Office for Environment. In these 120 pages are collected the most important data and facts, study results and test series from various environmental media and specialties. As with any long-held tradition a little freshening up does a world of good. This collection of environmental data is the first to appear in the new bi-annual cycle. In addition, facts and results can be taken in at a glace and are worked up into 130 graphics and tables as well as 50 maps. Further and background information can be found on our Internet sites, to which we refer at the end of each chapter. We have retained the division according to the large areas of nature, water and technical environmental conservation with energy and climate, air and noise, authorizations, and waste. The results and trends reflect the environmental situation in Brandenburg from 2007 to 2009. In our selection we were guided by timeliness and significance for Brandenburg as well as by the scientific interests of the specialties. In Brandenburg, the federal state richest in rivers and lakes, the typical, insufficient precipitation continues to strain the water balance and therefore also the waterways, water bodies, and water quality. At the same time we must expect the occurrence of extreme situations brought on by droughts and floods. A great deal has occurred in the last two years in flood protection and prevention. The results of these efforts can be read about in the chapter on water, but one thing up front – dike relocation is increasingly becoming daily business. Following the large efforts to relocate dikes on the Elbe in Prignitz, the places on the Oder with natural flood plaines are being opened up. A word on dike reconstruction after the 1997 „flood of the century“: we are in the home straights with around three-quarters of all necessary reparations and new construction of flood protection facilities on the Oder, but also soon on the Elbe. We made a start in 2009 with the preparation of waterway and water body development concepts and are therefore a step closer to reaching the goals of the EU Framework Directive. 70 of the total 161 of these large-scale action programs should be finished by 2015. Climate and water are closely linked in Brandenburg. Both are used by the program for the conservation of the moors initiated by the State Office for Environment. You can find a stocktaking and the first results in this report.

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 FOREWORD

Brandenburg is at the forefront of renewable energy. The annual electrical balance more than doubled between 2004 and 2008. In comparison to conventional power and heat generation plants the amount of CO2 in 2008 was reduced by more than 9.5 million tons. More than 2 million readings per year are delivered by the 22 permanent measurement stations of the State Office for Environment regarding air quality in Brandenburg. 2009 was the first summer period since 1991 during which the 1-hour average ozone level never reached the point at which the public must be informed. The trend at large is also clear: the emissions from industry, trade, and traffic are decreasing. The levels of waste are sinking in the State of Brandenburg. The separate collection and use of raw materials is on the advance. Less waste means less transport effort, relieved waste depots, and lower fees for citizens. We have made progress in implementing the European program for protected areas Natura 2000. In the Nature chapter you can learn about the status of selected species, such as the Lesser Spotted Eagle and the Great Bustard, as well as about species groups such as bats and amphibians. Brandenburg‘s natural treasures are not kept locked up: the numbers of visitors in the large reserves, which we are developing as regional models of sustainability, demonstrate this. What we have done with and out of this natural inheritance and the brilliance the „table silver of the German unity“ has today will be appraised in 2010 – in the 20th anniversary of the „National Park Program of the GDR“ and the inception of the National Natural Landscapes of Brandenburg. I wish you both engaging reading and a balanced climate for 2010 and the future. Sincerely yours,

Prof. Matthias Freude President of the Brandenburg State Office for Environment Potsdam, December 2009

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 FOREWORD

Nature

1.1 Reserves, Natura 2000 1.1.1 Natural Environment Arrangement 1.1.2 Nature Reserves, Landscape Conservation, Large Reserve Areas 1.1.3 FFH and SPA Areas 1.2 Species and Biotope Conservation 1.2.1 Biodiversity and Conservation Programs for Brandenburg‘s Animal and Plant World 1.2.2 Brandenburg‘s Endangered Breeding Birds – Red List 2008 1.2.3 Breeding Areas for Waterbirds 1.2.4 Lesser Spotted Eagle Conservation 1.2.5 Great Bustard Conservation 1.2.6 Bat Fauna 1.2.7 Amphibian Conservation Program 1.2.8 Species Conservation Implementation 1.2.9 Cormorant Management 1.2.10 Wolf Management 1.3 Distribution and Population of Selected Protected Species and Habitats 1.3.1 Inland Salt Meadows 1.3.2 Population Development of Rare, Protected Plant Species in Large Reserves 1.3.3 Population Development of Rare, Protected Animal Species in Large Reserves 1.3.4 Ecosystem Environment Observation in the Biosphere Reserves 1.4 Landscape Planning 1.5 Conservation Law

5 5 8 10 12 12 15 17 18 19 20 22 23 24 25 26 26 27 31 33 34 36

1.1 Reserves, Natura 2000 1.1.1 Natural Environment Arrangement In Brandenburg‘s natural environment regions plateau and hill landscapes alternate with river valleys and glacial valleys. This extant relief, together with the respective soil types, determines the agricultural and forestry use that has characterized our landscape for centuries. Large parts of Brandenburg are defined by their sandy, gravelly substrates. The average elevation of Brandenburg lies between 30 and 50 meters above sea level. In the Kmehlen Mountains, on the state border with Saxony, the Kutschenberg with its 201 meters is the highest elevation. In the glacial valleys there are extended swamp formations; however, many of these lowland moors are severely damaged due to drainage and intensive use. The nature preservation goal is to maintain little damaged landscapes as habitats for endangered species and species that demand few disturbances as well as to sustainably maintain the special quality of the Brandenburg landscape.

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

Little Disturbed Landscape Regions

Map 1-1

Störungsarme Landschaftsräume

U c ke r mar k Elb e

Ky r

i t z -R u

ei d ppi n er H

e Sc h H

o rfheide

el av

Od er

Brandenburg an der Havel

Potsdam

Breitlingsee

F lä

Land Berlin

Frankfurt (Oder)

Schwielowsee

Os t b

Störungsarme Landschaftsräume Little Disturbed Landscape Regions acc. gem. Brandenburg Landscape Program Landschaftsprogramm Brandenburg Fluss River

Autobahn Motorway

See Lake

Federal Highway Bundesstraße

Siedlung Habitation

Regional Train Regionalbahn

Forest Wald

State Border Landesgrenze

r a nd e nburgi sches Schwielochsee

Baruther Urstromtal

He i de -

un d Se e ngebiet

Spreewald Spree

La u

Cottbus

Talsperre Spremberg

s i t z e r G re n z w a

Ne iß e

Quelle: Landesvermessung und Geobasisinformation Brandenburg, LUA, 2009 Source: Landesvermessung und Geobasisinformation Brandenburg, LUA, 2009

Examples of large, little disturbed landscape regions include the High Fläming, the Schorfheide, the terminal moraine areas in the Uckermark, and the East Brandenburg Heath and Lake Area. Around one-third of Brandenburg is taken up by forests; the largest contiguous forest areas are the Schorfheide and Kyritz-Ruppin Heath in the north, the extended forest areas between Frankfurt (Oder) and the Oberspreewald, as well as the the Fläming, northeast of the Baruth Glacial Valley, and the Lausitz Ramparts in the south. Transport facilities such as roads and train lines cut up ecologically functional units and isolate habitats. In addition, the recreational suitability of the landscape is impaired.

Further Information: Nature Preservation and Landscape Conservation http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/5lbm1.c.107783.deUH

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

Distribution of Flowing and Standing Waters

Map 1-2

ke r

Verteilung der Fließ- und Standgewässer

Uckerseen

Stechlinsee

We lse

Do s se

St e

Jäg li tz

Ruppiner See k an Rhin

Rhin . Gr

Havell. Ha v el

Oder-Havel-Kanal

l ve Ha

Ha up tk.

Hav elka nal

Land Berlin

Trebelsee

Beetzsee

Wannsee

Breitlingsee Bu ck au

Od er

Tegeler See Großer Müggelsee Sp re e

Od e rSchar- Ka n Sp ree al mützelsee

litz

i Nuth e

Pl a

Da hm

Ni ep -

Schwielowsee

Elb e

itz

pe nit z

mn Dö

Sp ree

Schwielochsee

Sp ree

Kle ine Elster

Talsperre Spremberg

River/Canal Fluss/Kanal

Quelle: Landesvermessung und Geobasisinformation Brandenburg, LUA, 2009

Senftenberger See Elb e

Landesgrenze State Border

er itz us iße La Ne

Lake See

Ma lxe

Pu ls n

Schwarze Elster itz

Source: Landesvermessung und Geobasisinformation Brandenburg, LUA, 2009

Brandenburg features an extended network of flowing waterways as well as over 3,000 lakes with an area of over one hectare. In addition there are approx. 50,000 smaller waters, so called ponded depressions that, like the lakes, were largely formed as a result of the last ice age. The Elbe, Oder, Havel, Spree, and the Schwarze Elster are the largest flowing waters in Brandenburg. A main watershed runs through Brandenburg. While a large percentage of the flowing waters empty into the North Sea via the Elbe, the river system of the Oder in Oderhaff flows into the Baltic Sea. The portion of the North Sea river catchment is over 81% of Brandenburg‘s land area. The largest lake is the Scharmützelsee with a surface area of over 12 square kilometers. The largest man-made lake is the Senftenberger See (10.6 km2) that was created by flooding a brown coal mining pit. The great wealth of waters underpins a species-rich and partly unique world of plants and animals.

Further Information: Water Protection and Water Management http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/5lbm1.c.107804.de Flowing waters in Brandenburg http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/5lbm1.c.171522.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

1.1.2

Nature Preservation, Landscape Conservation, and Large Reserve Areas Nature Preservation and Landscape Conservation Areas

Map 1-3

Naturschutz- und Landschaftsschutzgebiete

Uckermark

Elb e

OstprignitzRuppin

Prignitz

Oberhavel

ve Ha

Barnim MärkischOderland

Havelland Brandenburg an der Havel Breitlingsee

Od er

Land Berlin Potsdam

PotsdamMittelmark

Oder-Spree

TeltowFläming Nature reserve Naturschutzgebiet

DahmeSpreewald OberspreewaldLausitz

Cottbus ße ei

Elbe-Elster

schutzgebiet

Schwielochsee

LandschaftsLandscape conservation area

Frankfurt (Oder)

Sp r ee

Schwielowsee

Talsperre Spremberg

Spree-Neiße

Landesgrenze State border District border Kreisgrenze

Quelle: LUA, 2009 Source: LUA, 2009

The designation of nature (NSG) and landscape conservation areas (LSG) is taking place primarily for the legally required protection of Natura 2000 areas. In addition to the 453 current NSG and the 115 LSG, at this time 33 processes for designation or for revision of NSG are underway. → Table 1-1-1 For the LSG „Prignitz-Stepenitz Agricultural Landscape,“ a European Bird Sanctuary in the Prignitz district with around 32,000 hectares, the entire preparation of the map materials was conducted digitally on the basis of geographical information system data (GIS) – a first at this scale in Brandenburg. The further protection of bird sanctuaries is intended to follow a legal provision. ← Map 1-3

The 15 large reserve areas take up a third of the total state area. The eleven nature parks, three biosphere reserves, and the Lower Oder Valley National Park are regional models for sustainable commercial and living practices. Grouped under the countrywide umbrella of the National Natural Landscapes the administrations of the large reserves are actively involved in ecologically friendly regional development, nature tourism, and environmental education. The integration of conservation into land use is a focal point here. → Map 1-4

Further Information: Detailed information about the individual protected areas can be found at the electronic map service in the information portal http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/lbm1.c.292617.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

Large Reserves

Map 1-4

Großschutzgebiete

Uckermark Prignitz

Naturpark Uckermärkische Biosphärenreservat Naturpark Seen Elb Flusslandschaft Stechline Nationalpark Elbe Brandenburg Ruppiner Land Biosphärenreservat Unteres Odertal OstprignitzSchorfheideRuppin Chorin Oberhavel Naturpark Naturpark Westhavelland Barnim MärkischOderland Barnim Havelland

Ha ve l

Brandenburg an der Havel Breitlingsee

PotsdamMittelmark

Naturpark Hoher Fläming

Land Berlin

Potsdam Schwielowsee

Od er

Naturpark Märkische Schweiz

Dahme-

Sp r ee

OderNaturpark Spree Dahme-Heideseen

Naturpark Nuthe-Nieplitz TeltowFläming

Frankfurt (Oder) Naturpark Schlaubetal

Schwielochsee

Spreewald Biosphärenreservat Spreewald

Nationalpark National park

Naturpark Niederlausitzer Landrücken Elbe-Elster

Biosphärenreservat Biosphere reserve Nature park Naturpark

Naturpark Niederlausitzer Heidelandschaft

Landesgrenze State border District border Kreisgrenze

OberspreewaldLausitz

Cottbus N

Talsprerre Spremerg

ei ße

Spree-Neiße

Quelle: LUA, 2009 Source: LUA, 2009

Table 1-1-1

Nature Reserves and Landscape Conservation Areas in the State of Brandenburg (Status: 31.122009) Number

Area (ha2)

Nature Reserve (NSG)

Area

453

221,073

7.5

Landscape Conservation Area (LSG)

116

1,014,192

34.4

10,600

0.36

229,900

7.8

715,200

24.2

Lower Oder Valley National Park1 Biosphere Reserves Nature Parks 2 1 2

Percent of State Area (%)

Area already included in Nature Reserves The contained NSG/LSGs already included in the area figures of nature reserves and landscape conservation areas,

Source: LUA, 2009

Further Information: Nature and Landscape Areas http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/5lbm1.c.183316.de Natura 2000 – a Europe-wide reserve network http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/5lbm1.c.182169.de National Nature Landscapes http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/lbm1.c.323193.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

1.1.3

FFH and SPA Areas

Map 1-5

European Reserve Areas Europäische Schutzgebiete

Uckermark

Elb e

Prignitz OstprignitzRuppin

Oberhavel

ve Ha

Barnim MärkischOderland

Havelland Brandenburg an der Havel

Breitlingsee

Od er

Land Berlin Potsdam

PotsdamMittelmark

Oder-Spree Schwielochsee

TeltowFläming

FFH-Gebiet FFH area

DahmeSpreewald Cottbus Talsperre Spremberg

ße ei

OberspreewaldLausitz

Elbe-Elster

Vogelschutzgebiet Bird sanctuary

Frankfurt (Oder)

Sp re e

Schwielowsee

Spree-Neiße

Landesgrenze State border District border Kreisgrenze Quelle: LUA, 2009

Source: LUA, 2009

Table 1-1-2 Area

Natura 2000 Areas in Brandenburg Number

Area (ha2)

Percent of State Area (%)

Bird sanctuaries

648,638

22.0 *

FFH areas

620

333,136

11.3 *

* Bird sanctuaries and FFH areas partly overlap. The Natura 2000 areas in the State of Brandenburg cover an area of around 26 % of the total state area.

Source: LUA, 2009

In implementing the FFH Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora (Fauna Flora Habitat Directive 1992–92/43/EWG) and the EU Birds Directive from 1979 Brandenburg has brought 620 areas of communal use (FFH areas) and 27 bird sanctuaries (Special Protection Areas – SPA) into the European protection system Natura 2000. With the inclusion of all responses from the member states since the end of 2007 all Brandenburg FFH areas are now also part of the list of areas of communal importance for the Continental Biogeographic Regions and therefore „Sites of Community Importance“ (SCI). These areas must be protected according to Article 4 of the FFH Directive using suitable instruments under national and/or state law. ← Table 1-1-2

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

Status of Securing the FFH Areas (31.12.2008) • 305 FFH areas are contained within the established Nature Reserves (NSG). These include 136 of the so-called „Alt“ NSGs, in which the FFH goals have not yet been incorporated. The quality of these areas must still be checked and, if necessary, altered. • 203 FFH areas are contained within the landscape conservation areas (LSG). Here an appraisal will be undertaken to determine if conservation need be supplemented via management statutes, management plans, or recognition as a NSG. • 17 FFH areas are secured via management statutes that are contractually agreed to by the owners/occupants and include measures for the care and development of the habitats. The effectiveness and status of the measures will be determined by regular surveys. • 14 FFH areas are in the process of being established as NSG.

Birch forest with reindeer lichens in the FFH area Welsehänge Kunow (Photo: F. Zimmermann)

• 23 FFH areas should be secured as NSG. FFH areas should be secured with management statutes. The number of NSG designations currently in process and/or planned designations and management statutes is higher in total because in some instances multiple processes are necessary, or the protection of already secured FFH areas needs to be completed regarding the conservation goals. • 5 FFH areas, located on military training grounds, are supposed to be secured from the land cover plans of the German Armed Forces (land cover plans are planned uses and measures including nature conservation needs on German Armed Forces land). • 14 FFH areas include bat habitations that are currently not under any other protection. Necessary protection instruments will be checked.

Meadow sage in a dry grassland area of the Lower Oder Valley National Park (Photo: F. Zimmermann)

Further Information: Natura 2000 – a Europe-wide reserve network http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/5lbm1.c.182169.de Natura 2000 – Fauna-Flora Habitat Directive http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/5lbm1.c.182563.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

1.2 Species and Biotope Conservation 1.2.1 Biodiversity and Conservation Programs for Brandenburg‘s Animal and Plant World The conservation of biological diversity in the sense laid down by the CBD includes both conservation and sustainable use and therefore the most varied facets such as conservation of ecosystems, of species diversity and genetic diversity as well as agricultural diversity. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was enacted in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro and has thus far been ratified by 189 countries – including Germany. Biodiversity Brandenburg carries responsibility for the conservation of habitats and species as well as further core areas of biodiversity in the sense of the CBD both within Germany and, in particular instances, beyond. Habitats of special note are, above all, the nutrient-poor clear water lakes, kettle and terrestrialization moors, flatland flower meadows, subcontinental arid and semi-arid grasslands, as well as Baltic beech forests and their characteristic species. In spite of positive trends for individual endangered species and biotopes – thanks to the active conservation of nature and environment – Brandenburg is still experiencing serious declines among numerous groups of organisms and their habitats. Causes are still (or, again) increasing introduction of nutrients and pollutants into the ecosystem, a negative water balance in wetland areas, and the increasing parceling of land. The level of endangerment in the biotope is alarming: almost three quarters of all biotope types in the State of Brandenburg are endangered in comparison with Germany as a whole, even if to varying extents. Only among certain species groups and habitats is the level of endangerment assessed to be significantly less dramatic. On the one hand landscape changes and intensive land use are not so serious. On the other the rich geomorphology of the landscape elements and habitats that resulted from the ice ages (numerous lakes, small waters and moors, large proportion of forests) is the reason why many species still exist in Brandenburg – species that have elsewhere died out or become very rare. The assessment of the endangerment level for specific species is carried out according to a standardized reference key.

Examples of the Main Causes of Endangerment for Species and Habitats: The intensive agricultural and forest use, including high application of biocides and fertilization in agriculture, irrigation construction and maintenance, water pollution and eutrophication, the succession of secondary habitats through eutrophication/scrub encroachment, draining of small waters and moors, as well as altered land use forms and tasks. Aus diesen Gefährdungsursachen sind für Brandenburgs Schwerpunkträume spezifische Handlungsfelder und Forderungen für die Umsetzung der CBD und der Nationalen Strategie zur Biologischen Vielfalt abgeleitet worden. Specific Fields of Action The following goals apply to Brandenburg‘s areas of focus – continental arid grasslands, floodplains, mixed deciduous forests, species-rich flower meadows, and former military training grounds: • paramount is the conservation and restoration of the wetlands and flowing waters. • the landscape water economy is to be stabilized. • land and forest use must have environmentally-friendly orientation. • nutrient and pollutant deposition must be limited in sensitive ecosystems. • dissected elements (primarily main roads) are either to be avoided or made ecologically penetrable. • the protection and/or creation of connecting structures (e.g. wild animal corridors and stepping stone biotopes) should function at this time in the service of sensitive, state-wide, and regional concepts and implementation measures.

Bistort with a cistus forester in a wetland meadow in Havelland (Photo: F. Zimmermann)

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

Species Diversity For some species special protection programs have been approved (e.g white-tailed eagle, osprey, lesser spotted eagle; black grouse; European otter and beaver). Further species and/or groups of species (e.g. Great Bustard, reedbed breeders, European pond turtle) are the object of statewide and partly inter-state protection projects that are professionally coordinated and administered by the Brandenburg State Office for Environment. The evaluation of the Red Lists of Endangered Animals and Plants published between 1997 and 2009 shows differentiated population levels of many species. In total around 50% of all observed species are classified as endangered, of which • around 8% of all observed species are severely endangered and • almost 10% of all observed species in Brandenburg are in fact in danger of extinction. Several of these species could permanently disappear from our landscape in the coming years, if the main causes of endangerment are not mitigated. This would mean further losses to biodiversity. Positive Population Developments • increase in numbers of several birds of prey (e.g. whitetailed eagle, osprey, Montagu‘s harrier), • continuous increase of storks (both as breeding birds as well as during migration), • slight increase in numbers of Great Bustards by means of intensive management and population support, • reintroduction of a tree breeding population of Peregrine falcons, • increase in numbers of sedge warblers and bearded reedlings (via reed growth on abandoned wetland meadows), • local positive trends for several species of amphibian (e.g. European tree frog), • continuous positive population development for the European otter and beaver. Newly migrated or introduced (invasive) species assure, on the one hand, for the growth of the species‘ lists, but many of these „new citizens“ among the animal and plant species are problematic. Several of them, e.g. the raccoon and raccoon dog, even displace native species.

The Flachsee (Flat Lake) in the Nuthe-Nieplitz Lowland Nature Park with species rich wetland habitats

The former military training grounds in Brandenburg have special natural characteristics

The Painted Lady is a truly common species in comparison to other Papilionoidea (Photo: F. Zimmermann)

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

Scarlet dragonfly (Photo: F. Zimmermann)

Coenagrionidae (Photo: F. Zimmermann)

Negative Developments of Various Species/Species Groups • dramatic reduction of ground breeding species, especially of meadow breeders, • further reductions of lesser spotted eagles in spite of intensive protection measures, • population reductions of red kites (a special responsibility of Germany given that a majority of the European breeding population lives here), • reduction of bird species on arid-warm open habitats (hoopoe, tawny pipit), • increasing dependence of some building breeders on nesting aids, • further reductions is some amphibian species (e.g. European fire-bellied toad, great crested newt, Subarctic darner, dwarf damselfly), • dramatic reduction of plant species on nutrient-poor transitional moors, calcium-rich fens, and wetland meadows (e.g. bog orchid, liparis loeselii, Western marsh orchid) as well as of species on arid grasslands (e.g. small pasque flower, Scabiosa canescens), • severe reduction of plant species in nutrient-poor forests and further low competition forest types (e.g. wintergreen and club mosses as well as many lichens) as well as several, once more frequent Brassicaceae (e.g. lamb succory, forking larkspur).

Climate change has demonstrated significant effects in Brandenburg. Increasingly we are seeing species with Submediterranean distribution centers (e.g. scarlet dragonfly, scarce swallowtail, Italian locust). Species with boreal-alpine distribution centers and special habitat requirements (e.g. large white-faced darter) are clearly caught in a decline caused by climate change. An immediate intensification of species depletion as a result of climate change is to be expected in the future especially given the interplay with altered rainfall conditions and the anticipated intensification of summer aridity.

Polistine wasp (Photo: F. Zimmermann)

Further Information: Species and Biotope Protection http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/bb2.c.521105.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

1.2.2 Brandenburg‘s Endangered Breeding Birds – Red List 2008

ed in new Red Lists and lists of breeding bird species in Brandenburg (T. RYSLAVY & W. MÄDLOW with assistance from M. JURKE) that appeared in the journal of the State Office for Environment „Naturschutz und Landschaftsplege in Brandenburg“ („Nature Preservation and Landscape Conservation in Brandenburg“) as a supplement to the volume 4/2008. In addition to population sizes and short-term population trends, long-term trends will now also be given a higher significance. Modified evaluation criteria and detected population changes have led, in part, to considerable changes in contrast to the data gathers in the middle of the 1990s. The number of endangered species from 1997 (111) to 2008 (86) on the Red List is substantially lower, a change which above all has been affected by the modified evaluation criteria.

The new evaluation of the level of endangerment for breeding birds in the State of Brandenburg is based on a remarkably comprehensive database. • the annual breeding bird monitoring of common species for the years 1995–2006 (territorial mapping, Point Count Survey) and • annual monitoring of many rarer species for the years 1991-2008, • first-time, comprehensive population censuses in EU bird sanctuaries, • results of ordnance survey mapping of selected bird species, • results of data collection by the Plc Berlin-Brandenburg Ornithologists (ABBO) as well as the • consideration of current evaluation criteria from across Germany and abroad. The cooperation with more than 300 volunteer ornithologists and especially in collaboration with the ABBO result-

Table 1-2

Categories of the Red List of Breeding Birds: 0 extinct or missing

1 threatened with extinction

2 severely endangered

3 endangered

R extremely rare, species with geographic restriction

V Vulnerable

Comparison of the Red List of Breeding Birds in Brandenburg

Category

Red List 1992 Number of Species

Red List 1997 Number of Species

7 (6 %)

11 (10 %)

Red List 2008 Number of Species 14 (16 %)

29 (25 %)

35 (32 %)

23 (27 %)

20 (17 %)

19 (17 %)

22 (26 %)

29 (25 %)

29 (26 %)

20 (23 %)

13 (11%) 17 (15 %)

7 (8 %)

R I

19 (16 %)

(Vulnerable) Total

117 (100 %)

(14)

(20)

111 (100 %)

86 (100 %)

The percentage of species with the highest endangerment level (categories 0, 1, 2) has risen from 47% in 1992 to 69% in 2008

Source: Ryslavy & Mädlow (2008): Red Lists and Lists of Breeding Birds in Brandenburg

Changes between the Red Lists from 1997 to 2008 Upgrades for 29 Species into a Higher Category and 12 Species on the Vulnerable List

Table 1-3 Category

Species

1→0

Western Capercaillie, European Roller, Hazel Grouse, Hen Harrier

R→0

Red Wing

2→1

Jackdaw, Common Teal, Red-necked Grebe, Spotted Crake

3→1

Little Ringed Plover, Northern Wheatear

v→1

Common Pochard

3→2

Whinchat, Crested Lark, Rook, Turtle Dove, Sand Martin, Eurasia Wryneck, Meadow Pipit

R→3

Eurasian Siskin, Grey-headed Woodpecker, Common Rosefinch

v→3

Skylark, Barn Swallow

*→3

Linnet, Barred Warbler

*→R

Pied Avocet, Whiskered Tern, White-winged Tern

*→v

Tree Pipit, Eurasian Tree Sparrow, Common Redstart, Icterine Warbler, European Serin, Great Crested Grebe, Black-headed Gull, Red-backed Shrike, Yellow Wagtail, River Warbler, Eurasian Pygmy-owl, Common Kestrel

* no classification on the Red List 1997

Source: Ryslavy & Mädlow (2008): Red Lists and Lists of Breeding Birds in Brandenburg

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

Alterations between the Red Lists 1997 and 2008 Gradations for the 54 Species in Lower Categories or Removal, 10 Species from the Vulnerable List

Table 1-4 Category

Species

0→1

Ferruginous Duck

0 → **

Jack Snipe

1→2

Eurasian Hobby, Tawny Pipit, Common Sandpiper, Common Merganser, Little Crake, Little Owl, Black Tern, Peregrine Falcon, Montagu's Harrier, Little Bittern

1→3

Garganey, Eurasian Bittern, Black Stork

1 → **

Eurasian Oystercatcher, Great Grey Shrike

2→3

Bluethroat, Common Kingfisher, Common Tern, Barn Owl, European Nightjar

2→v

Grey Wagtail, Eurasian Sparrowhawk

2 → **

Corn Bunting, White-tailed Eagle, Common Quail

3→v

Great Reed Warbler, Northern Goshawk, Ortolan Bunting, Sedge Warbler, Little Grebe

3 → **

Bearded Reedling, European Penduline Tit, Osprey, Woodlark, Common Crane, Middle Spotted Woodpecker, Savi's Warbler, Common Goldeneye, Black Kite, Fieldfare, Eurasian Woodcock, Water Rail

R → **

European Bee-eater, Common Shelduck, Common Crossbill, Red-crested Pochard, Tengmalm's Owl, Gadwall, European Stonechat, Herring Gull, Common Gull, Green Sandpiper

v → **

Green Woodpecker, House Sparrow, Mute Swan, Common Cuckoo, Common Swift, Common House Martin, Tufted Duck, European Starling, Common Moorhen, Eurasian Collared Dove

** no classification on the Red List 2008

Source: Ryslavy & Mädlow (2008): Red Lists and Lists of Breeding Birds in Brandenburg

Northern Lapwing: the breeding stocks of the Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) (Cat. 2), although still a bird found all over the world a few decades ago, have been strongly impacted by habitat losses and, above all, insufficient reproduction. (Photo: St. Fahl)

Barn Swallow: Meanwhile reductions in livestock populations as well as an increasing shortage of nesting places have made the Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) (Cat. 3), a bird that largely breeds in buildings, relatively rare and it is now on the Red List for the first time. (Photo: St. Fahl)

Jackdaw: Nesting place shortages, the result of building renovations, has seriously reduced the population of jackdaws (Coloeus monedula) (Cat. 1). The species is now extremely dependent on population support measures (nesting boxes). (Photo: B. Kehl).

Further Information: Red List of Breeding Birds http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/bb2.c.521105.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

1.2.3 Breeding Areas for Waterbirds Significant Breeding Areas for Waterbirds

Map 1-6

Bedeutende Brutgebiete für Wasservögel

Stechlinsee

Ziegeleiteiche Zehdenick

Elbeniederung

Gülper See Untere Havelniederung

Grimnitzsee

Südteil

Od er

Abwasserteiche Nauen

Mittlere Brandenburg an der Havel Havelniederung BreitPotsdam

Mittlere Oder

Land Berlin

SchwieSp re e lowsee Nuthe-NieplitzGroß Schauener Niederung Rangsdorfer See Seenkette (mit Horstfelder See und Prierowsee) Nu the

Pla ne

Rietzer See

Gieshof Genschmar

Pritzerber See und Havelniederung bis Premnitz

lingsee

Nordteil Unteres Odertal

Werbellin- Parsteiner See see

l ve Ha

Linumer Teiche

Felchowsee/ Lanke/ Landiner Haussee

Teiche Blumberger Mühle

Do s se

St e

Elb e

pe nit z

Ober- und Unter-Uckersee

Frankfurt (Oder) Schlaubetalseen

Schwielochsee und Alte Spreemündung Schlepziger Teiche Byhleguhrer See, Byhlener See, Niederlausitzer Butzener See TeichFeuchtgebiet südöst. landschaft Lübben (Kokrowsberg) Peitzer Bärenbrück Teiche Stoßdorfer See Stradower Lakoma Teiche MulknitzCottbus Eulo Glinziger Teiche KathlowKolkwitzer Teiche Sergen Tal- Groß Jamno/ Tagebaurestseen Greifenhain sperre Klein Jamno im Entstehen Sprem- Östliche Meuro Sedlitzer Welzow-berg Cottbuser Klettwitz See Süd Teichlandschaft Skadower See Senftenberger See Kleinkoschener See Tagebaurestseen bei Senftenberg Spreewald

Brutgebiet Breeding areas Tagebaurestsee im Entstehen

Developing mining lakes

a hw Sc

See Lake

rze

River/canal Fluss/Kanal

Els

te r

Landesgrenze State border Quelle: LUA, 2009

Source: LUA, 2009

Of the species in Brandenburg on the Red List approx. 75% live in aquatic or semi-aquatic habitats. 30 of the most significant and valuable breeding areas for waterbirds in Brandenburg have been studied within the framework of the project „Ecological Characterization of Breeding Areas for Waterbirds in Brandenburg.“ This detailed, area by area, the ecological conditions of Brandenburg as a simultaneously water-rich and water-poor state, the categorization of the habitats for waterbirds, and the selection criteria for the most valuable waterbird breeding areas.

Further Information: Publication http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/media.php/lbm1.a.2320.de/bd_ q57.pdf State Bird Station http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/lbm1.c.218961.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

1.2.4 Conservation of the Lesser Spotted Eagle The Lesser Spotted Eagle, as one of the prioritized breeding bird species in Brandenburg, has been the object of varied and intensive conservation measures for more than 10 years. In addition to the ongoing conservation program, since 2004 the rescue of the second-born fledgling, which would naturally fall victim to the species-specific Cainism or „fratricide,“ is also being practiced. The second-born is taken immediately after hatching, raised by humans for several weeks, and then returned to the same nest once the aggressive drive has abated. Since 2007, and ongoing until 2011, this „Fledgling Management“ (JVM) is taking place within the framework of a project funded by the Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt and the Deutsche Wildtier Stiftung. Additional fledglings from Latvia will also the adopted as Brandenburg nestlings after intensive preliminary examination. Measurement of the success of the project will be conducted with the assistance of satellite telemetry, among other methods. In 2008 ten fledglings (six of which came from Latvia) were successfully adopted in Brandenburg. Two fledglings, for which no nests were available, were adopted from Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Two further birds adopted in Brandenburg went missing before the flight in Africa. Without these four birds 1.18 young left the nest from the 22 Lesser Spotted Eagle pairs in Brandenburg. This corresponds to an increase in the procreation rate through the management of 62%. In the years from 2004 to 2008 the JVM allowed 26 additional fledglings to leave the nest in Brandenburg, of which three perished before the beginning of the autumn migration. On average during the five years the procreation rate rose by 33%. The efficiency of the Fledgling Management is increasing over the years.

Fig. 1-1

The reproduction of the Brandenburg population (without the additionally adopted fledgling eagles) has demonstrated no negative influence of manipulation on the breeding rate. From 1993 to 2003 without the JVM it was at 0.64 fledglings per present pair (n=216) and from 2004-2008 with the JVM at 0.62 (n=116). In no case was it possible to link an abandonment to the removal of one of the fledglings. Six fledglings in 2007 and 17 in 2008 were equipped with GPS sensors in order to follow their greater fate; six adult birds were similarly equipped. The results to date show high losses during the first migration to the wintering grounds as a result of a broad spectrum of causes – from drowning and poisoning all the way to human predation. In addition a large distribution of the migration directions is apparent in an angle from the southwest to the southeast, in contrast to the very small southeasterly oriented migration path of the adult birds. The data on „unmanaged“ Lesser Spotted Eagles, which were fitted with transponders in addition to the above mentioned birds from the JVM project, show that young eagles migrate with less specific direction than adult birds.

Because of the size, dominance, and aggressiveness of the first-born the second-born, which hatches 3 to 4 days later, has no chance of survival (Photo: K. Graszynski & P. Sömmer)

Increase in the Procreation Rate through the JVM (in %) in Brandenburg

Source: LUA, 2009

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

1.2.5

Conservation of the Great Bustard

The three remaining territories of the Great Bustard in Germany lie in Brandenburg, in the Belziger Landschaftswiesen (Belzig Landscape Meadows), in the Havelländisches Luch (Havelland Bog), and, crossing the border to Saxony-Anhalt, in the Fiener Bruch (Fiener Swamp). In 2009 110 animals again live in these areas. In the middle of the 1990s the population, at 57 animals, was on the brink of extinction. They have only been able to survive thanks to

intense efforts to protect the bird and its habitats in these areas. In Brandenburg the sponsor of the project for Great Bustard conservation is the State Office for Environment with decisive support from the Förderverein Großtrappenschutz e. V. (Great Bustard Conservation Foundation), which is also active in Saxony-Anhalt. While efforts to hunt foxes and their ilk have not been able to improve the procreation rate, the fox-proof fences in the conservation areas have proven their worth.

Distribution of the Great Bustard

Map 1-7

Verbreitung der Großtrappe

NSG Havelländisches Luch

Elb

Brandenburg an der Havel SPA-Gebiet Fiener Bruch

Potsdam

ree

Frankfurt (Oder)

NSG Belziger Landschaftswiesen

Cottbus

iße

Quelle: LUA, 2009

Great Bustard (Photo: T. Langgemach)

Source: LUA, 2009

Fig. 1-2

Protection from Ground Predators in the Fenced-In Areas Supports the Increasing Reproduction

Breeding Success of the Great Bustard in the SPA „Havelländisches Luch“ 1990-2008

Fig. 1-3

Found breeding Recovered eggs

Fledglings

Released fledglings

Wild population

Source: LUA, 2009

Hatched chicks

Open land

Fledgling chicks

Protection fence

Source: LUA, 2009

Further Information: State Bird Station http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/lbm1.c.218961.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

1.2.6 Bat Fauna Map 1-8

Number of Bat Species

Anzahl der Fledermausarten

nachgewiesene Arten im established species in ordnance survey map quadrants Messtischblattquadranten 11 species Art 22-3 - 3species Arten 44-6 - 6species Arten 77-9 - 9species Arten 10 und or more species 10 mehr Arten

Messtischblatt Ordnance map State border Landesgrenze District border Kreisgrenze

Quelle: LFA für Säugetierkunde des NABU Brandenburg - Berlin, LUA 1990 bis 2007 Source: Landesfachausschuss für Säugetierkunde des NABU Brandenburg/Berlin, LUA 2007

18 species of bats in Brandenburg are being studied. The findings about their mode of life, endangerment, and the necessary measures for their protection are the first results of the nationwide implementation of state standards following the international Agreement on the Conservation of Populations of European Bats (EUROBATS) and the Fauna Flora Habitat Directive (FFH Directive). The material available for evaluation is highly variable for the individual species.

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

While there is ample Brandenburg-specific research data for certain bat species, such as the brown long-eared bat (Plecotus auritus), the grey long-eared bat (Plecotus austriacus), the greater mouse-eared bat (myotis myotis), the Common Noctule (Nyctalus noctula), and Nathusius‘ Pipistelle (Pipistrellus nathusii), other species, including the Northern bat (Eptesicus nilssonii), the Pond bat (Myotis dasycneme), and Bechstein‘s bat (Myotis bechsteinii) or the Soprano Pipistrelle – which was only morphologically separated from the Common Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) a few years ago – have not been sufficiently studied to date. → Fig. 1-4 → Fig. 1-5

Brown long-eared bat

Fig. 1-4

Grey long-eared bat (Photos: J. Teubner)

Distribution of the Brown (left) and Grey (right) Long-eared Bats in Brandenburg in Wintering Grounds

Elb e

l Ha ve

Od er

Land Berlin

l Ha ve

Spree

Landesgrenze State borders Coverage period: 1990-2007 Erfassungszeitraum: 1990-2007

Spree

Vorkommen im Occurrence in ordnance Messtischblattquadranten survey quadrants Landesgrenze State borders

iße Ne

Vorkommen im Occurrence in ordnance Messtischblattquadranten survey quadrants

Od er

Land Berlin

Erfassungszeitraum: 1990-2007 Coverage period: 1990-2007 Source: LUA, 2009

Fig. 1-5

Distribution of the Brown (left) and Grey (right) Long-eared Bats in Brandenburg in the Nursery Roost

Elb e

l Ha ve

Spree

Coverage period: 1990-2007 Erfassungszeitraum: 1990-2007

Spree

iße Ne

Landesgrenze State borders

Od er

Land Berlin

Vorkommen im Occurrence in ordnance Messtischblattquadranten survey quadrants Landesgrenze State borders

iße Ne

Vorkommen im Occurrence in ordnance Messtischblattquadranten survey quadrants

Od er

Land Berlin

Erfassungszeitraum: 1990-2007 Coverage period: 1990-2007

Source: LUA, 2009 Further Information: Zippelsförde Nature Conservation Station http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/bb2.c.520635.de Journal Nature und Landschaftspflege http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/lbm1.c.323058.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

1.2.7 Amphibian Protection Program 2009 The Brandenburg 2009 Amphibian Protection Program is particularly important for the European fire-bellied toad and the European tree frog. The European fire-bellied toad, European tree frog, and the great crested newt are representative of the amphibian populations that have also been shrinking in Germany for many years. • Circa 32% of the world‘s currently known amphibian species (n=5,743) are in population endangerment, • 43 % show significant population reductions. • 34 species are known to be extinct and around 295 others are thought to be extinct (IUCN 2006). The current mapping effort is demonstrating large-scale population losses in the Berlin outskirts and in all of Brandenburg. Most strongly impacted are the populations in Havelland, on the Granseeplatte, in the southeast section of the Branimplatte, in the area of Fürstenwalde, and in Lower Lusatia.

Fig. 1-6

Distribution of the European Fire-bellied Toad in Brandenburg and Berlin since 1990

European fire-bellied toad (Photo: LUA, archive)

Habitats of the European Fire-bellied Toad in Lower Lusatia since 1990

Fig. 1-7

DahmeSpreewald Spree-Neiße Peitzer Teiche

lxe Ma

Elb e

Sp ree

l Ha ve

Cottbus

Od er

Land Berlin

Oberspreewald Lausitz

Ne iße

Talsperre Spremberg

Sedlitzer See

ze war Sch ter Els

Spree

iße Ne

Vorkommen im Population in ordnance Messtischblattquadranten survey quadrants

Senftenberger See

Fundorte Habitat

State border Landesgrenze

Erfassungszeitraum: seit 1990 Coverage period: since

Coverage period: since 1990 Erfassungszeitraum: seit 1990 Source: LUA, 2009

Fig. 1-8

Flowing waters

Source: LUA, 2009

Distribution of European Fire-Bellied Toad Spawning Grounds according to Biotope Type in Brandenburg

Ditches

Lakes

Ponds/ Backwaters

Smaller Water Bodies

Artificial Ponds

Sand and Gravel Pits

Source: LUA, 2009 Further Information: Rhinluch Nature Watch http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/bb2.c.520969.de

Ordnance survey Meßtischblatt State border Landesgrenze District border Kreisgrenze

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

Peat Ditches

Marshes

1.2.8 Implementation of Species Conservation - CITES CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora • Immediately valid EU species conservation agreement and the federal conservation law with the federal species conservation regulation provide the legal framework. • For numerous vertebrates there are existing reporting requirements. • Trade in many strictly protected species is subject to the EU legal requirement for marketing authorization. • Obligatory identification and burden of proof for possession and trade in protected species must be observed.

breeders and owners of protected species in Brandenburg there are 155 pet stores, 54 zoos and animal parks, 43 housings for birds of prey, as well as 22 taxidermists, museums, animal nursing wards, circuses, and orchid dealers that are monitored by the LUA. To this one must add antique dealers, reptile leather dealers, caviar importers, Internet trade companies, including eBay Deutschland, whose trade in the parts and products of protected species is also subject to the species conservation regulations, as well as the trade in protected woods such as ramin or products that are traded under the guise of traditional Chinese medicine such as tiger bone powder or snake wine. Investigations into the Illegal Killing of Wild Animals In the period of 1990 to 2008 around 400 cases of illegal tracking and/or killing of protected wild birds were registered in the State of Brandenburg. 2008 also saw investigations into the illegal killing of birds of prey.

Registration 6,853 owners and breeders of protected species were registered in the Animal Population Register of the State Office for Environment as of January 1, 2009. Since the beginning of the 1990s the registration of new animal ownership and breeding has continually increased. In 2008 2,919 applications were registered. On the one hand this indicates the growing interest in animal ownership and breeding and, on the other, the improved compliance with the registration requirements as a result of checks and awareness work on the part of the LUA. Beyond private

In the role of agency for control, authorization, and prosecution for the trade in live and dead exemplars of protected plant and animal species as well as products derived from them the State Office for Environment is the contact for all application procedures, proof requirements, registrations, applications, and identification of CITES relevant species.

Small monkey species such as lemurs are unfortunately increasingly traded.

Snow leopards are also held in Brandenburg (Photo: LUA, archive)

Table 1-5

Benchmark Data for the Monitoring of Trade in Protected Species in Brandenburg 2000–2008

of which in 2008

Issued EC Marketing Authorizations

9,660

1,529

Issued Registration Certificates

12,544

1,390

approx. 120

Issuance of other authorizations, e.g. for identification exceptions, agreements of transfer, utilization certificates Performance of owner and dealer controls, incl. searches

415

Determination of offences

460

Initiation, accompaniment of criminal proceedings Seizures

live animals

compounds

150

28 parrots, finches, reptiles (as well as snake skins, crocodile leather bags, bird and mammal compounds, corals, sea horses, snake wine, small ivory parts)

130

bird eggs

9,000

hard corals

50 kg

Source: LUA, 2009

Further Information: Implementation of Species Conservation CITES http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/lbm1.c.228189.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

1.2.9 Fig. 1-9

Cormorant Management Breeding Population and Colony Numbers of the Cormorant in Brandenburg 2001-2009

Breeding pairs

Colonies

Source: LUA, 2009

In 2008 2,596 cormorant pairs bred in 11 colonies and thereby 14 pairs less than the year before • The number of fledglings between hatching and flying out of the nest declined in the colonies by an average of 0.89 fledglings per brood (41%), from 2.15 (n=674) to 1.26 (n=927) fledglings per breeding pair. • In three colonies no successful broods were registered, in other small colonies there were massive losses due to raccoons. What can not currently be determined is whether the clearly recognizable, sustained stagnation in the breeding population since 2001 is a sign of population saturation due to limited natural resources or if it is due to the effects of reduced reproduction from focused disturbances, increasing predation, or significantly more shootings. Also, in the country at large the population has remained stagnant since 2004.

Cormorant (Photo: St. Fahl)

Colony at Wochowsee, Storkow in the district Oder-Spree (Photo: L. Dettmann)

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

1.2.10 Wolf Management in Brandenburg 1990 Evidence of Wolves innach Brandenburg since 1990 Map 1-9Wolfsnachweise

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Uckermark Prignitz

1994

1991

Niedersachsen

OstprignitzRuppin

Elb e

SachsenAnhalt

1991

Oberhavel

Werbellinsee

Potsdam Brandenburg an der Havel

Land Berlin

Od 1991 er 1991 1993 Märkisch-Oderland

Frankfurt (Oder)

Sp r ee

Schwielowsee

PotsdamMittelmark

POLEN

Barnim

Havelland Ha ve

Uckersee

Scharmützelsee

Oder-Spree

2000 Dahme- Schwielochsee SpreeSpreewald Neiße Cottbus 2007 Oberspree2006 waldElbe-Elster Lausitz

TeltowFläming

iße Ne

geschossen shot überfahren run over gefangen trapped Territoriale Wolfsvorkommen in

Territorial wolf populations in BrandenBrandenburg und angrenzenden burg and neighboring states (2009)

Bundesländern (2009)

Forest Wald

Quelle: LUA, 2009

Sachsen Source: LUA, 2009

The wolf, eradicated since the middle of the 19th century, has established itself in Brandenburg again in the last few years. Since 2009 there is also a first pack with young in the south. The wolf is under numerous threats, for example from street traffic and illegal killings. It is protected by conservation law and cannot be hunted. Several attacks of wolves on sheep show that the resettlement in the country is not without conflicts. Livestock owners must resort to special measures to protect their animals in order to avoid attacks. The state has initiated an education and management program to facilitate the acceptance of life with the wolf. It includes compensation guidelines as well as support for pastures safe from wolves and for the purchase of herd protection dogs. A consultation, education, and damage report system is being developed.

Wolf (Photo: V. Bologov)

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

1.3 Distribution and Population of Selected Protected Species and Habitats in Large Reserves 1.3.1 Inland Salt Meadows in Brandenburg Inland Salt Meadows

Map 1-10

Binnensalzstellen

Prenzlau Uckermark Elb e

Prignitz

Biosphärenreservat Schorfheide Chorin

Ostprignitz-Ruppin l ve Ha

Naturpark Westhavelland Brandenburg an der Havel Breitlingsee

1 Salt meadowsam on Salzstellen Oberuckersee Oberuckersee 2 Rietzer RietzerSee See 3 Gröbener GröbenerSee See 4 Mellensee Mellensee 5 Zossen Zossen

Rietz

PotsdamMittelmark

Barnim

Oberhavel Havelland Potsdam Werder (Havel)

Schwielowsee

Od er

Märkisch-Oderland

Land Berlin

Sp r ee

Frankfurt (Oder) Storkow Oder-Spree

Ludwigsfelde Zossen

Naturpark NutheNieplitz

Naturpark DahmeHeideseen

Schwielochsee

Teltow-Fläming Luckau

Storkow und Philadelphia

6 Storkow and Philadelphia

DahmeSpreewald

Elbe-Elster

State border Landesgrenze District border Kreisgrenze

OberspreewaldLausitz

ße ei

8 Luckauer Meadows LuckauerSalt Salzstellen

Cottbus N

Naturpark Niederlausitzer Landrücken

Groß Schauener Seenkette

7 Groß Schauener Seenkette

Beeskow

Talsperre Spremberg

Spree-Neiße

Quelle: LUA, 2009 Source: LUA, 2009

The interior salt meadows are semi-natural habitats that first arose through extensive use of meadows and pastures. Since 2006 the Brandenburg State Office for Environment, together with the foundation NaturSchutzFonds Brandenburg and the Heinz Sielmann Stiftung, are implementing the EU-LIFE project „Securing and Developing the Interior Salt Meadows of Brandenburg.“ By the beginning of 2010 relevant measures will be taken at eight project areas to allow for sustainable land use and stable local water management. → Map 1-10 At selected points, strongly frequented by tourists, information boards provide information about the development, vegetation, water management, and the meaning of salt meadows in the Europe-wide conservation network of Natura 2000. For example, an 8.5 km-long „Storkow Salt Path“ in the Dahme-Heideseen Nature Park invites visitors to discover the significant interior salt meadows near

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

Storkow. An observation tower along this trail offers a broad view over the Marstallwiesen and the Groß Schauener Seenkette.

Flood Control Station Marstallwiesen (Photo: H. Rößling)

Measures • Eliminate succession: In some areas the salt meadows have disappeared under reeds and brush. The reed mowing and the removal of brush growth are the most important first aid measures there. They serve to support the less competitive plant species. • Rehabilitate the water balance: In many areas the water balance is strongly affected by interference in the hydrological conditions. In these places the water levels have been raised and the irrigation systems have be dismantled or altered. • Secure sustainable use: Management plans were developed to ensure the sustainable establishment of a suitable use. The goal is the establishment of sustainable and suitable forms of use. These also take into account the relevant agricultural aid programs. • Observe development, control measures: In addition a monitoring and control program has been carried out. It serves to better understand the hydrology and chemistry of the salt meadows (water levels and saline levels) and to systematically study the fauna and flora of the salt meadows. The control program will also make it possible to check the success of the project‘s measures. • Educate about salt meadows as habitats: All the project activities to protect the salt meadows have been made public. The project staff is present at regional events. In addition information can be found at the Nature Watch or in the participating large reserves. At selected point display boards inform visitors about the „salt meadow“ habitat.

1.3.2 Population Development of Rare, Protected Plant Species in Large Reserves The protection and care of semi-cultural formations such as wetland meadows and semi-arid grasslands, along with the indigenous plant and animal species, belongs to the „traditional“ conservation efforts, especially of volunteer conservation efforts. Often conservation groups or active individuals care for the numerous orchid wetland meadows over periods of years or even decades. This work is supported and made possible, as a rule, by conservation measures within the framework of contractual nature conservation. The results of this time-consuming labor, often done by hand, are seldom documented. Subsequently several examples of population developments of selected plant species in some large reserves will be presented.

Wild celery

Low weir bog meadows

Orchid meadows

Information board (Photos: H. Rößling)

Stocks of Large Pink, Devil‘s Bit Scabious, British yellowhead, and eight orchid species were observed on a limerich wetland meadow area in the Dahme-Heideseen Nature Park. The stocks of the Pyramidal Orchid go back to an earlier conservation culture from the 1980s of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Brandenburgische Orchideen (Brandenburg Orchid Working Group). In 1992 the area of the meadow was almost doubled by depositing lime-rich mineral clay, all within the framework of a conservation program. Today the area covers 0.25 hectares. Following the initial ruderals vegetation, the settlement of the „deposit area“ with orchids began in 2000. The stock of Western marsh orchid, once reduced to a count of five blooming exemplars, had grown a hundred-fold by 2008. The overall positive development due to professional management is clear to see, as it also is on the very basic transitional moor. → Table 1-6

Further Information: Project results www.mugv.brandenburg.de/info/salzstellen

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

Orchis (Photo: H. Rößling)

Table 1-6

Western marsh orchid (Photo: F. Zimmermann)

Liparis loeselii (Photo: M. Flade)

Stock Development of Orchids in Two Moors of the Dahme-Heideseen Nature Park 1985

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

176

459

300 5

200

302

150

200

509

418

644

281

429

551

2006

2007

2008

723

721

314

499

453

110

233

104

175

100

140

337

462

437

1,000

336

640

508

1,199

1,434

1,538

2,394

1,745

1,965

1,157

Lime-rich Wetland Meadows (Flower Meadows at Merkshorst) Western marsh orchid Dactylorhiza majalis

Old area Deposit area

Early marsh orchid Dactylorhiza incarnata

Old area

Deposit area Heath spotted orchid Dactylorhiza maculata

Old area

Military orchid Orchis militaris

Old area

200

Deposit area

Deposit area European Common Twayblade Listera ovata

Old area

Fragrant orchid Gymnadenia conopsea

Old area

Marsh Helleborine Epipactis palustris

Old area

0 8

250

290

612

850

Deposit area

Deposit area Sum

Deposit area Pyramidal orchid Anacampitis pyramidalis

2 556

Basic Transition Moor (Moor am Hintersee) Early marsh orchid Dactylorhiza incarnata

Marsh Helleborine Epipactis palustris

Liparis loeselii Common butterwort Pinguicula vulgaris Total

Oct 20

approx. 39

300

200

225

200

207

1,000

200

1,071

215

300

2,000

2,000 20

310

2,021

2,038

Source: LUA, 2009

The development of orchid stocks is being studied in the area of the Schlaubetal Nature Park, especially via conservation care measures. → Fig. 1-10 In this regard the stock development of three orchid species in the „lime beds“ is showing a clearly positive trend. The significant stock increases in the years 2006 and 2007

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

are seen as the result of alterations in the care measures, although in 2008 a clear decline was again noted. This single case is not representative of the orchid stocks in the nature park - in other areas the stock developments proceed with either fluctuating or even negative movement. → Table 1-7

Development of Orchid Stocks on Lime Beds in the Schlaubetal Nature Park 1997-2008

Fig. 1-10

Marsh Helleborine (Epipactis palustris)

Military orchid (Orchis militaris)

Early marsh orchid (Dactylorhiza incarnata)

Source: LUA, 2009, no count for the years 2001-2003

Survey of Orchids in the Schlaubetal Nature Park by the Nature Watch 2004-2008

Table 1-7 Area Ziegenlauch

Belenzlauch Nature Reserve

Belenzsee (Erlen)

Species

2004

2005

2006

2007

European Common Twayblade Listera ovata

424

300

200

148

150

Western marsh orchid Datylorhiza majalis

113

Early marsh orchid Dactylorhiza incarnata

Western marsh orchid Datylorhiza majalis

Early marsh orchid Dactylorhiza incarnata

2008

European Common Twayblade Listera ovata

Trail on Belenzsee

Western marsh orchid Datylorhiza majalis

Scheune Börner

Western marsh orchid Datylorhiza majalis

Teufelslauch

Western marsh orchid Datylorhiza majalis

Schwerzko

Western marsh orchid Datylorhiza majalis

375

428

435

542

412

Großer Kahntopfen

European Common Twayblade Listera ovata

271

220

151

203

Seerandterasse Henzendorf

European Common Twayblade Listera ovata

Große Fläche Seerandterasse

European Common Twayblade Listera ovata

Western marsh orchid Datylorhiza majalis

Western marsh orchid Dactylorhiza maculata

8 358

Kieselwitzer Mühle Zaun Lime bed

Hammersee

Military orchid Orchis militaris

220

900

2,800

Early marsh orchid Dactylorhiza incarnata

250

180

Marsh Helleborine Epipactis palustris

Red Helleborine Cephalantera rubra

101

200

European Common Twayblade Listera ovata

100

240

1 6

Kl. Schinkensee

Red Helleborine Cephalantera rubra

Möllenwiese Nature Reserve

Western marsh orchid Datylorhiza majalis

Early marsh orchid Dactylorhiza incarnata

324

100

Total Surveyed Stocks

Western marsh orchid Datylorhiza majalis

573

591

513

700

585

Early marsh orchid Dactylorhiza incarnata

339

419

115

294

Heath spotted orchid Dactylorhiza maculata

Marsh Helleborine Epipactis palustris

240

753

335

473

349

486

Military orchid Orchis militaris

220

900

2,800

358

Red Helleborine Cephalantera rubra

107

208

1,747

1,695

2,364

4,363

1,601

European Common Twayblade Listera ovata

Totals Source: LUA, 2009

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

It can be seen in figures 1-11 to 1-14, on the stock development of rare and endangered plant species in the Lower Oder Valley National Park, that the development has negative tendencies in the past few years. For some species, see here the Pheasant‘s Eye (Fig. 1-11), this reduction is connected to the constitution of the core areas and the difficulty of providing care there; the development

Fig. 1-11

Pheasant‘s Eye (Adonis vernalis) Stocks 1998-2008

therefore depicts the effects of a conservational conflict of interests that was decided in favor of natural development in the core areas of the national parks. In others, for instance for those species found in the Protection Zone 2 surrounding the national parks, it is clear that the conservation measures must be more intense or more specialized in order to maintain the stocks.

Fig. 1-12

Cross Gentian (Gentiana cruciata) Stocks 1998-2008

Plants (north)

Source: LUA, 2008

Martagon (Lilium martagon) Stocks 1997-2008

Source: LUA, 2008

Fig. 1-14

Three-toothed Orchid (Orchis tridentata) Stocks 1997-2008

Number of Plants

Fig. 1-13

Plants (south)

Source: LUA, 2008

Further Information: http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/lbm1.c.323193.de http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/lbm1.c.323212.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

Source: LUA, 2008

1.3.3

Population Development of Rare and Protected Animal Species in Large Reserves

In the large reserves data is collected by the Nature Watch as well as volunteer naturalists on the population development of selected rare and/or endangered animal species. The selection of species and the labor involved in surveying is highly dependent upon the local conditions and conservation goals as well as upon the available personnel. The survey methods utilized are very different depending on the species group. The following should provide a few examples of this. Amphibian Population in Large Reserves For amphibians, to begin with, the breeding ponds are charted annually (e.g. for the European fire-bellied toad Bombina bombina and the European tree frog Hyla arborea), while a further measure is to perform an annual count of the animals crossing the amphibian protection fences along the streets (carried over the street by helpers) in the large reserves. One example of this from the StechlinRuppiner Land National Park is given here. In total the numbers have increased dramatically - this is a typical effect in amphibian populations for which the loss-

Fig. 1-15

es due to street traffic are effectively mitigated for longer periods of time. Nonetheless these numbers are, as a rule, not representative of the total large reserve; other populations that are not intersected by streets can show different or even opposite trends. Mammal Monitoring Quantitative surveys are often difficult with nocturnal mammals. In these cases indirect proof or sample systems are necessary. One example of this is the monitoring of the European otter (Lutra lutra), which is run by the Nature Watch in all large reserves. Predetermined sample spots are checked, as a rule, four times annually for traces of the animals (foot prints, feces, etc.). In the table the results from the Schlaubetal Nature Park are given as an example. In spite of the relatively crude monitoring method it is clear that the European otter is in decline in the nature park. The number of sample spots with positive results has reduced to less than continuously since 2001. It is now the goal of special studies to determine the causes thereof and to introduce countermeasures (e.g. mitigation of frequently used street crossings through appropriate building measures)

Survey of Amphibians at Protection Fences along the Streets in the Stechlin-Ruppiner Land Nature Park

Common toads

Brown frogs (Moor frog, European common frog)

Common newt

Green frogs

Crested newts

Source: LUA, 2009

Table 1-8

Results of the European Otter Monitoring in the Schlaubetal Nature Park

Year

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Monitoring spots with evidence of otters Total detections Abandoned monitoring spots, formerly occupied

Source: LUA, 2009

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09â&#x20AC;&#x192; Nature

Survey of Breeding Birds in the Large Reserves For breeding birds a distinction is made between the standardized monitoring of common species via the methods of point count surveys or line mapping along predetermined routes and the exact population surveying of individual, rare and/or endangered species. For these species additional information about reproduction is of great value

Fig. 1-16

and is often necessary for the determination of the state of conservation. As an example figure 1-16 presents the population development of the white stork in the Spreewald Biosphere Reserve. The white stork belongs to those select species for which annual dependable and almost complete data on reproduction is available.

Development of the Breeding Population of the White Stork in the Spreewald Biosphere Reserve

Fledglings that left the nest

Nest pairs, absolute

Linear (fledglings that left the nest)

Linear (nest pairs)

Nest pairs with fledglings

Source: LUA, 2008

Further Information: Environmental Data Report 2008 http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/bb2.c.431775.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

1.3.4 Ecosystem Environment Observation in the Biosphere Reserves Observation Areas for Ecosystem Environment Observation

Map 1-11

Ökosystemare Umweltbeobachtung

4% 5% Biosphärenreservat Flusslandschaft Elbe 32% Elb e

Fläche: 533 km 2

34% 25%

Biosphärenreservat Schorfheide-Chorin

Anzahlof derobservation Beobachtungsflächen Number areas Wälder/Forsten: Forests: 88 Seen/Stillgewässer: Lakes/still waters: 00// 44 Fließgewässerabschnitte: 13 Sections of flowing waters: 13 Naturnahe Moore: Near-natural moors: 11 (Aufgelass.) Moorgrünland: (Abandoned) moor grassland: 11 (Aufgelass.) mineralisches (Abandoned) mineralized grassland: 5 Grasland: Total: 325 Summe:

Fläche: 1292

Breitlingsee

10%

48%

29%

Anzahl der Beobachtungsflächen Number of observation areas Wälder/Forsten: 21 Forests: 21 Seen/Stillgewässer (Sölle) 30/ 430 / 4 Lakes/still waters (ponds): Naturnahe Moore: 4 Near-natural moors: 4 (Aufgelass.) Moorgrünland: 3 3 (Abandoned) moor grassland: (Aufgelass.) mineralisches (Abandoned) mineralized grassland: 4 Grasland: 4 Field: 5 Acker: 5 Total: 71 Summe: 71

Land Berlin

Hav e l

km 2

Sp ree

Schwielowsee

Ode

Area percentages and Flächenanteile und observation areas since 1999

3% 8%

Beobachtungsflächen seit 1999 Wald Forest

38%

Cultivated land Ackerland

Grünland Grassland

Biosphärenreservat Spreewald Fläche: 475 km 2

Anzahlof derobservation Beobachtungsflächen Number areas Wälder/Forsten: Forests: 88 Fließgewässerabschnitte: 30 Sections of flowing waters: 30 (Aufgelass.)moor Moorgrünland: (Abandoned) grassland: 44 (Aufgelass.) mineralisches (Abandoned) mineralized grassland: 5 Grasland: Fields: 25 Acker: Total: 492 Summe:

Landesgrenze State border

ße ei

Siedlung/Sonstiges Settlements/other

24%

Schwielochsee

Waters Gewässer

27%

Talsperre Spremberg

Quelle: LUA, 2009 Source: LUA, 2009

The main goal of the ecosystem environment observation (ÖUB) in the Brandenburg Biosphere Reserves (BR) is the comprehensive, long-term survey, documentation, and assessment of the condition of typical regional ecosystems on representative sample areas. The data serve to assess the development of selected ecosystem types as well as being a reference for research and monitoring projects. To this end the ÖUB has a cross-medial orientation and includes both the observation of various protected goods and landscape and environment parameters as well as statements on nature conservation goals.

Within the framework of an environmental observation, the effort of which is divided between the three biosphere reserves and national partners, the division of the long-term observation areas into sections and ecosystem types to be monitored was carried out, as depicted in the map, while taking the particularities of the BR into account. Results from the first time periods in the Schorfheide-Chorin BR and the Spreewald BR are available for the 1999-2009 and are documented in technical papers (Issue 94 and Issue 112).

Further Information: Brandenburg‘s Natural Landscapes - Research/Projects http://www.mluv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/lbm1.c.339122.de Home page of the Fachhochschule Eberswalde http://lanuweb.fh-eberswalde.de/oeub/

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

1.4 Landscape Planning Status of the Landscape Framework Planning

Map 1-12

Stand der Landschaftsrahmenplanung

Uckermark Prignitz

Biospärenreservat Flusslandschaft Elbe Brandenburg

Biosphärenreservat SchorfheideChorin

OstprignitzRuppin

Nationalpark Unteres Odertal

Oberhavel Barnim Havelland

Landschaftsrahmenpläne für Landscape Framework Plans for the Counties, kreisfreie IndependentStädte Cities, Landkreise, and Large Reserves und Großschutzgebiete Landschaftsrahmenplan Landscape Framework Plan

Potsdam

Brandenburg an der Havel

Märkisch-Oderland

Land Berlin

Frankfurt (Oder)

PotsdamMittelmark

Oder-Spree TeltowFläming

inim development Entwurf established aufgestellt

DahmeSpreewald Biosphärenreservat Spreewald

Updating Fortschreibung

Bearbeitung ininprocess established aufgestellt

Großschutzgebietsgrenze

Elbe-Elster

Large reserve border

Oberspreewald Lausitz

SpreeNeiße Cottbus

Landesgrenze State border Kreisgrenze District border Quelle: LUA, 2009 Source: LUA, 2009

Landscape Framework Plans (LRP) are specialized plans for conservation and present the regional requirements and measures of nature conservation and landscape conservation. They are established according to § 6 of the Brandenburgisches Naturschutzgesetz (BbgNatSc hG) (Brandenburg Nature Conservation Law) for the area of a district, an independent city, as well as for the biosphere reserves and national parks; they also introduce the concerns of nature and landscape conservation into regional plans. As of November 2009 12 of the 14 districts and four independent cities have an approved LRP. Two districts have

updated the LRP for the whole district area. A reserve-specific LRP has been established for the three biosphere reserves Spreewald, Schorfheide-Chorin, and Elbe-Brandenburg River Landscape. According to the law regarding the Environmental Sustainability Test (UVPG) a Strategic Environment Test (SUP) must be conducted for landscape frameworks and landscape plans. Support for a nationally consistent implementation of the SUP is provided by the guideline „Reference on the Implementation of the Strategic Environment Test for Landscape Framework Planning in the State of Brandenburg.“

Further Information: http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/140444

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

Map 1-13

Status of Communal Landscape Planning/Area Pools

Stand der kommunalen Landschaftsplanung / Flächenpools

Uckermark

Prignitz OstprignitzRuppin

Oberhavel

Barnim Havelland

Landscape plan Landschaftsplan in inprogress Bearbeitung draft available Entwurf liegt

vor

established aufgestellt

Brandenburg an der Havel

Potsdam

Land Berlin

Oder-Spree

1. Fortschreibung

1st update in progress/in i.Bearb./i.Entw. development

1. Fortschreibung 1st update established aufgestellt 2. Fortschreibung 2nd update in progress/in development i.Bearb./i.Entw. 2. Fortschreibung 2nd update established aufgestellt

MärkischOderland

PotsdamMittelmark

Frankfurt (Oder)

TeltowFläming DahmeSpreewald

Flächenpool für Area pools for municipalities/ Gemein/Ämter gov’t agencies den in inpreparation Vorbereitung

SpreeNeiße

in inprogress Bearbeitung in inimplementation Umsetzung State border Landesgrenze District border Kreisgrenze

Elbe-Elster

Agency border Amtsgrenze

Oberspreewald Lausitz

Cottbus

Municipality border Gemeindegrenze

Quelle: LUA, 2009 Source: LUA, 2009

Landscape plan (LP) The local goals, requirements, and measures of nature conservation and of landscape conservation are represented for the entire area of the municipality in landscape plans by municipalities according to § 7 BbgNatSchG . The contents of landscape plans are taken up as representations in the area use plans with consideration taken for the other concerns. Landscape plans are established on the basis of the landscape program and the landscape framework plans. Area pools are modern, communal or regional concepts of nature conservation that are supposed to allow for the flexible and effective implementation of impact regulation.

According to § 14 BbgNatSchG those responsible for impacts to nature or landscape can meet their compensation requirement by having those executed measures of nature conservation and landscape conservation of their choice credited to them. These measures and the areas that are used for them are combined into measure or area pools. As of April 2009 86% of the state has landscape plans (LP). In Brandenburg there are 23 communal area pools, of which 19 are led by initiatives of the municipalities while four a handled at the agency level. Eight of the area pools have already been implemented and therefore are actively serving to overcome the effects of impacts.

Further Information: http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/bb2.c.521115.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

1.5

Conservation Law

The State Office for Environment, as the representative of public interest and as the state authority on nature and landscape conservation, is regularly involved in planning and authorization processes and makes recommendations. The recommendations for the consideration of nature and landscape conservation concerns are essential bases for deciding on the conservation law admissibility of plans for the authorization agencies. These include statements regarding • impact regulation according to §§ 10 ff. of the Brandenburgisches Naturschutzgesetz (BbgNatSchG), • special species protection under § 42 of the Bundesnaturschutzgesetz (BNatSchG) (Federal Conservation Law), • FFH impact assessment under § 26c and • the relevant reserve areas under §§ 19 ff. of the BbgNatSchG. In addition to the requirements for conservation and law that have been expanded in recent years according to EU plans, the total number of projects being followed has increased significantly in years past. While in 2004 around 1,000 official statements were given, in 2008 the number rose to a total of 1,466. Among these, authorization procedures according to conservation law (877) took precedence over counsel for official statements regarding urban development statutes (581). → Fig. 1-17 The number of official statements for 2009 (30.09.2009) for authorization procedures according to conservation law has already reached 734, with 419 for urban development statutes and 9 for other planning measures. In counsel regarding authorization procedures according to conservation law emissions control permits represent the majority of all official statement with 55%. Particular points of emphasis among the authorization procedures according to emissions control law are the authorization procedures for wind energy and biogas facilities, while highway construction was in the forefront of authorization procedures regarding highway regulation. Urban development statutes effect residential and commercial development, but increasingly photovoltaic facilities as well. The focus of the assessment of these projects and plans, along side the impact assessment, is on the species-specific regulations as well the evaluation of compatibility with the European reserve areas Natura 2000 in the framework of the FFH* Impact Assessment for the FFH and SPA** areas.

* FFH – Fauna Flora Habitat ** SPA – Special Protection Area Guidelines

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Nature

Percent of Official Statements according to Procedure Type in 2008

Fig. 1-17 Total 1,466, of which

Authorization procedures according to conservation law Urban development statutes Other plans

Source: LUA, 2009

Water

2.1 Water balance 2.1.1 Climate data 2.1.2 Groundwater data 2.1.3 The landscape water balance and low water management 2.1.4 Moor conservation in Brandenburg 2.2 Progress in implementing the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) 2.2.1 Evaluation of groundwater bodies 2.2.2 State of the surface waterbodies 2.2.2.1 Ecological state of the lakes 2.2.2.2 Targets for the nutrient content of lakes and watercourses 2.2.2.3 Watercourse contamination 2.2.2.4 Automatic gauging stations 2.2.3 Waterbody development concepts 2.3 Waterbody maintenance and hydraulic engineering 2.3.1 Waterbody maintenance 2.3.2 Hydrological engineering 2.4 Flood protection 2.4.1 Dike and hydrological engineering on the Elbe 2.4.2 Dike and hydrological engineering on the Oder 2.4.3 Ice conditions on the Oder 2009 2.5 Drinking water and sewage 2.5.1 Water conservation areas, water provision, water rates 2.5.2 Municipal sewage disposal, the sewage fee

2.1 2.1.1

37 37 39 42 46 48 50 52 52 53 54 56 58 60 60 61 62 62 63 66 67 67 69

Water balance Climate data

Brandenburg’s water balance is characterized by the geographical and climatic conditions specific to the north German lowlands. The influence of climate on the water balance is drawn from data and studies from the German Weather Service (Deutschen Wetterdienst - DWD) as Brandenburg does not operate an independent meteorological service. Average annual temperatures in Germany Evaluation of the measured data of around 130 DWD weather stations has shown that in comparison to the reference periods for Germany, the years 2007 and 2008 were too warm in almost all locations and partially too wet (2007 North East, 2008 North of the Mittelgebirge) and too dry; the sunshine duration of both years was above average in length. The intense low-pressure system »Kyrill« bringing wind speeds over Germany of over 120 km/h and heavy precipitation caused damage above all in the South of Brandenburg. At 9.8 °C, the annual average temperature in 2007 was 1.6 Kelvin over the comparison value; making 2007 the second warmest year since 1901. The annual average temperature for 2008 amounted to 9.5 °C, 1.2 Kelvin over the value recorded for the reference period. → Fig. 2-1

Sunshine duration in Germany Both 2007 and 2008 recorded six months with above-average sunshine and six months with sunshine deficits. It should be noted that in the majority of cases, the surpluses were usually higher than the deficits. April 2007 stood out as the sunniest April since 1951. The area averaged sunshine duration for Germany in 2007 amounted to 1,690.4 hours, i.e. 162.1 hours or 10.6% more than the reference period 1961 – 1990. The sunshine duration for Germany in 2008 amounted to an average of 1,626.7 hours, thus 98.3 hours or 6.4 % more than in the reference period 1961 – 1990. → Table 2-1

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 WaTer

Fig. 2-1

Annual average temperatures in Germany 1901–2008

Single value

Mean 1961–90

Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD)

Local precipitation for Brandenburg The amount of precipitation which fell in 2007 divided itself unevenly over the year. The driest April since 1901 was followed by the wettest May since the beginning of the 20th Century. The area-averaged amount of precipitation for Berlin-Brandenburg in 2007 amounted to 774 mm. That

Table 2-1 Period

amounts to 217 mm or 28 % more than the reference period 1961-1990. The average annual amount of precipitation for 2008 in Berlin-Brandenburg amounted to 598 mm. That represents 41 mm or 7 % more than recorded in the reference period 1961 -1990. → Fig. 2-2

1 Area-averaged values for the Berlin-Brandenburg area 1961–19901

1959–20082

1979–2008 3

2000–2008 4

2007

8.7

9.2

9.8

10.3

10.1

Amount of precipitation (mm)

557.5

565.6

572.2

597.7

774.2

597.9

Sunshine duration (hrs)

1,634

1,666

1,677

1,725

1,723

1,662

Air temperature (°C)

1 2

current international climatological reference period from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) the last 50 years 3 the last 30 years 4 the last 9 years Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD)

Area-averaged precipitation for Brandenburg in the years 2007 and 2008

Monthly precipitation (mm)

Fig. 2-2

Average 1961/1990

Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), LUA 2009

Further Information: Weekly Hydrological Report http://www.luis-bb.de/w/wochenberichte/ W7100038/default.aspx

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Water

2008

2.1.2 Groundwater data Groundwater level trends

Map 2-1

Ucke

Trend der Grundwasserstände

nitz pe Ste

Uckermark

Prignitz OstprignitzRuppin

Elb e

Do ss

Rh in

Oberhavel ve l Ha

Barnim

Havelland Alterations in the groundwater level Grundwasserstandsänderunbetween 1976-2005

gen im Zeitraum 1976 - 2005 / Jahr

Potsdam

Between - 3 and -1 cm / year

- 3 bis -1 cm / Jahr

Brandenburg an der Havel

Between - 1 and 0.1 cm / year

- 1 bis - 0,1 cm / Jahr

Consistent

gleichbleibend

Between 0.11and / year 0,1 bis cm1 cm / Jahr

PotsdamMittelmark Pl a

Over 3 / year

über 3 cm / Jahr

Frankfurt (Oder) Oder-Spree Sp re e

Nie pli

Between / year 1 bis13and cm3 /cm Jahr

Nut

TeltowFläming he

DahmeSpreewald SpreeNeiße

Dah

Interpolation of data from 1.183Messstellen measurement Interpolation von 1.183 points No long-term data available Keine langjährigen Daten

Märkisch-Oderland

Land Berlin

Under – 3 /- year unter 3 cm

Od er

vorhanden

Drainage basin of the Nuthe Einzugsgebiet der Nuthe Selected watercourses ausgewählte Fließgewässer

Elbe-Elster Landesgrenze State border District border Kreisgrenze

Oberspreewald Lausitz

Cottbus

ei ße

Schwarze Elster

Quelle: LUA, 2009 Source: LUA, 2009

Evaluation of the state measurement network “groundwater levels“ for the period 1976 – 2005 displays a predominantly falling groundwater level in the recharge areas. The lowland areas do not exhibit a significant trend for the groundwater levels as the level of the groundwater are subject to the influence of artificial drainage, dams or the discharge of the rivers. Regional special effects become visible, for example through the effect of the drainage of open cast mines, the cessation of sewage farming and declining conveyance from water works. In the areas occupied by the former sewage farms South of Berlin, the groundwater levels have changed by up to approx. -20

cm/a. The lignite mining areas to the South exhibit even higher values. The strongest natural alterations in the groundwater levels are to be found close to the watershed with approx. -6 to -10 cm/a. This implies an absolute decrease in groundwater regeneration within the tableau land of approx. 20 - 30 mm/a. In comparison, the decrease in the discharge rate is significantly higher and only partially explained by the decreased amounts of water drained from mines. A possible cause of this discrepancy is increased shrinkage in the areas with low groundwater corridor spacing. → Table 2-2

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 WaTer

Table 2-2

Alteration of the discharge rate of selected drainage basins (1976–2005)

Gauging point (waterbody)

Drainage basin

discharge rate (Mq (mm/a) Average

absolute trend

relative change (%)

Potsdam/Babelsberg (Nuthe)

1,804

137

-55

-33

Borgsdorf (Obere Havel)

3,144

133

-63

-38

Leibsch (Spree)

4,529

131

-136

-68

Havelberg-Stadt (Havel)

24,297

132

-85

-49

Source: LUA 2009

Reduced groundwater regeneration and increased shrinkage in the lowland areas is caused by the combination of increase in global radiation and constant average precipitation since the 1908s. An example: This increase is demonstrated for the Potsdam station. Increased global radiation results in an in increased potential evaporation. As the annual precipitation does not display a significant trend for the period 1975 -2005, the evapotranspiration (i.e. the actual evaporation from the plant community and the unfoliated / free land and water expanses) increases in areas with higher water availability. This results in decreased groundwater regeneration or increased shrinkage in the lowlands. → Fig. 2-3

Precipitation and global radiation of the Potsdam station

Global radiation (W / m²)

Precipitation (mm/a)

Fig. 2-3

Falling groundwater levels in the tableau land and decreasing groundwater regeneration poses the question as to a reduction of the water provision. An example is presented by a simplified balance of the drainage basin of the Nuthe on the basis of the reduced groundwater regeneration. The proportion of the groundwater withdrawal of the groundwater regeneration amounts only to c. 8 %. → Table 2-3 Comparable conditions are to be found across Brandenburg, although an exception is presented in the areas of the lignite mining. With the amount of water extracted by the water works in Berlin exceeding that of those in Brandenburg, Berlin should be considered separately. Also to be taken into consideration is the fact that the balance for partial areas can be equal, or even negative despite a calculated sufficiency within the overall drainage basin.

Source: http://www.klima-potsdam.de

Table 2-3

Simplified balance of the Nuthe Drainage basin (Gauging point Babelsberg)

Discharge rate

110 mm

Direct and surface discharge

33 mm

Sub-surface discharge

77 mm

Reservoir alteration

-4 mm

Groundwater regeneration

73 mm

Groundwater withdrawal

6 mm

Water works

5 mm

Remaining

1 mm

Proportion of the use of the groundwater regeneration

approx. 8%

Conclusion: Even with reduced groundwater regeneration, the available amount of groundwater provides sufficient resources for the purposes of water provision.

Source: LUA 2009

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Water

Measurement network groundwater levels

Map 2-2

Messnetz Grundwasserstand

Uckermark Elb e

Prignitz

OstprignitzRuppin

Oberhavel ve Ha

Barnim

Havelland Brandenburg an der Havel

Land Berlin

Potsdam

Frankfurt (Oder)

Sp ree

PotsdamMittelmark

Oder-Spree TeltowFläming

Grundwasserstandsmessstelle Groundwater level measurement points with an EU reporting commitment mit Berichtspflicht an die EU

Märkisch-Oderland

Od er

Elbe-Elster

DahmeSpreewald

Oberspreewald Lausitz

Cottbus

ei ße

Spree-Neiße

Landesgrenze State border District border Kreisgrenze

Quelle: LUA, 2009 Source: LUA, 2009

A well-established measurement network monitors groundwater and surface water levels. Approximately 2500 groundwater monitoring points and 500 monitoring points for surface water are operated to this end. The information gathered provides the basis for a number of activities ranging from flood warning and registration systems to decisions relating to the landscape water balance and measures necessary for compliance with the European water framework directive. The resource-intensive use of the measurement network is to be optimized by adapting it

to the new, specialized challenges which it is set to face, such as the European water framework directive and climate change. The superordinate goal of the optimization plan is to avoid significant information loss through a more effective use of resources. This is to be effected by reviewing the location and number of the gauging points and the measurement rhythm. Moreover automation of the gauging and the use of innovative data processing software should improve the internal administrative effort involved in processing the information.

Further Information: Cartographic service water framework directive (WFD) – monitoring programme http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/bb2.c.409190.de Groundwater http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/5lbm1.c.172347.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 WaTer

2.1.3 The landscape water balance and low water management Brandenburg is characterized as no other federal state by the combination of a large number of waterbodies and water shortage. The region is traversed by more than 33,000 km of watercourses, the majority of which are manmade. With some 3,000 lakes over 1 ha, Brandenburg has a great deal of surface waterbodies. Low precipitation and water supply is combined with a soft sandy soil. This produces a relatively high infiltration rate and a large aquifer; nevertheless, the low field-capacity in the topsoil results in a considerably high risk of drought. The problem is exacerbated through mining and lowland hydromelioration. Fertile soils are thus often concentrated in the locations in close proximity to the groundwater. Landscape water balance and climate change • Small changes to the climatic ancillary conditions have already been observed. In particular, precipitation, global radiation and the air temperature have relatively significant effects on the other elements of the water cycle. • Climatic alterations have a direct effect on groundwater levels and discharge into the watercourses via groundwater renewal. • Groundwater levels and discharge thus represent a reliable indicator for assessing the effect of climate change. However, it should be noted that other anthropogenic influences such as agriculture and water management also exercise a large influence on these variables. The water balance of inland drainage basins in the tableau lands are often subject to considerably less human influence. Indeed, their regional aquifers are often isolated from the largescale aquifers. At present, the large deficits in the groundwater levels result from human influence in the form of large-scale changes in land-use, for example the large-scale pine forestation after the Second World War, or the abandonment of openplan military training areas. The drainage of polder land, inland dike systems and dam management exercise a particular influence on lowland discharge and groundwater levels. In many cases, existing deficits (e.g. large-scale groundwater reduction within the scope of lignite mining or moor drainage) are only exacerbated through the effects of climate change. The development of individual parameters (air temperature, precipitation, potential evaporation, climatic water balance) makes clear that global climatic warming has already had clear regional effects. In addition to a temperature increase, an increase in extreme weather conditions is also to be noted.

The role and tasks of water management in climate protection • Gathering data as part of the groundwater level measurement network for observation of the groundwater level (larger than 1,000 groundwater level). Model calculation regarding the effect of land-use and changes in land management and drought prediction for the management of water shortages; processing the tasks within the framework of the EU water framework directive (WFD). • Observation of the parameters of the water balance such as precipitation, infiltration and discharge in relation to the river basin. • Stabilizing the landscape water balance and reducing greenhouse gases under intensified climatic conditions. Brandenburg possesses a moor area of approx. 210,000 ha (7% of the land surface, of which only 10 % is in a relatively near-natural state and 1 % in a natural state and growing); a progressive trend of drainage / drying out of the moor locations results in CO2 release via peat mineral-

ization. The drainage of Brandenburg‘s moors releases of 6.6 million tonnes of CO2 equivalents per year. In comparison, the CO2 discharge of road traffic in Brandenburg amounts to 5.6 million tonnes of CO2 equivalents per year.

The climatic water balance Die klimatische Wasserbilanz ist eine rechnerische Größe, die aus der Differenz von Niederschlag und potenzieller Verdunstung berechnet wird. Sie stellt dar, welcher Anteil des Jahresniederschlags zur Befriedigung des Verdunstungsanspruches der Atmosphäre maximal verbraucht werden kann. Jahre mit positiver klimatischer Wasserbilanz sind Überschussjahre, während eine negative klimatische Wasserbilanz defizitäre Jahre kennzeichnet. The climatic water balance is a mathematical figure, resulting from the difference between precipitation and potential evaporation. It represents the maximum proportion of annual precipitation which can be consumed to satisfy the atmospheric transpiration requirement. Years with a positive climatic water balance are surplus years, whereas those with a negative climatic water balance are referred to as deficit years. The data for the climatic water balance recorded by the Potsdam station since 1901 highlights strong fluctuations between the individual years. The period observed displays a decrease in the climatic water balance by an average of 0.3 mm/a. → Fig. 2-4

CO 2 equivalent = a unitary base of assessment for gasses with the potential to contribute to global warming with comparable effects as CO 2 .

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Water

Fig. 2-4

Hydrological period 1901 – 2008 with climatic water balance

Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), LUA 2009

Initial conclusions 1 As a region, Brandenburg registers what are some of the lowest precipitation figures in Germany. Other than other areas, the average amount of precipitation has undergone hardly any change in the last 100 years. In the long-term, figures for winter precipitation have increased slightly, whereas the summer precipitation has fallen to the same degree. Shorter-term consideration produces a significantly different picture. The average amount of winter precipitation has decreased by 17% since 1984. In the same period, the average amount of summer precipitation has increased by 19%. 2 Human activity in terms of land-use and water management is the main cause for the groundwater deficit. The climatic developments of the last 25 years have served to exacerbate this trend. This is made clear by the falling groundwater level and the significantly reduced discharge into the surface waterbodies. → Map 2-3 The future of water provision from Brandenburg’s groundwater for the purposes of human consumption is not under threat. However, the effects on the nature and land-use of reduced surface water availability and groundwater near to the surface are considerable. In view of the wide-spread nature of soil with a low holding capacity, agriculture and forestry is set to experience considerable restrictions (droughts) during the spring and (especially) summer dry periods.

3 In view of the impending changes to the climate, the scope for improvement of the landscape water balance is relatively large. Amongst other factors, this includes comprehensive measures in the area of water management and land-use. 4 One of the main landscape water balance management tasks to be carried out by the river authorities is the adaptation of the cross-section of natural and artificial watercourses to the real discharge rate at average discharge (MQ). 5 Water management should orientate itself more strongly around water retention and storage. This includes the introduction of a state-wide water shortage management plan for periods of water shortage. The administrator of this plan should be conferred with decision-making powers, conferring him with authority over all important water management facilities in periods of natural disasters, similar to periods of flooding.

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 WaTer

River discharge Trends

Map 2-3

Le ts

c Lö

itz

the Nu

Hamm fließ er-

in e

au pt

gr.

-1 -15 -% -1 bis up tounter less than 15%

Sp re e

l na ka te t No

ni tz Pla ne

-80 up less than 99% -80 bistounter -99- %

Landesgrenze State border

k Sc ha c

ör Fl itze . r aif en Fl ha i . ne r Gr

e e in

ße ei

Elster

-60 up less than 80% -60 bistounter -80- %

-50 up less than 60% -50 bistounter -60- %

-40 bistounter -50- % -40 up less than 50%

Malx

ud ri t

-30 bistounter -40- % -30 up less than 40%

Be rste

Dah

-15 bistounter -30- % -15 up less than 30%

Do br

au Bu ck

Abflussrückgang im Fall in discharge 1976-2005 Zeitraum 1976-2005

Te m

F Müre de h l e rs n fl d . .

Te lto wkana l

Hav

r be öb

Od er

Pla Mühtk owe r len fl.

Fino w

e Alt

Schwär ze

n- . he Gr sc e r Te o rf d

N gr ett a b el en -

Hav

St e

pe nit z

Lö c

Rhin

Elb e

le el hn Sc

itz

öm

Ucker

Trend des Abflussverhaltens der Fließgewässer

Föhrenfließ

Schwarze Elster

Quelle: LUA, 2009 Source: LUA, 2009

The discharge conditions of a total of 72 gauging stations were subjected to a trend analysis. The decrease in discharge lay predominantly between 30 – 60 % in the period 1976 – 2005. The areas of lignite mining demonstrated an even higher decrease. The Oder and Elbe demonstrate a significantly more stable discharge pattern as only a small proportion of their course flow through the Brandenburg drainage basin. ← Map 2-3 An example: The landscape water balance in the Schorfheide. A retreat in the groundwater levels of more than 2m can be observed in the Schorfheide area since the 1980s. Especially striking is the decrease in the water level of the lakes, the drying out of the moors and the reduced discharge of the watercourses. Similar observations have been made in other plateau areas e.g. the Lieberoser plateau or the Beelitzer Sander. A feasibility study from 2008 »Stabilizing the Schorfheide Landscape Water Balance«

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Water

(conducted by the Gesellschaft für wasserwirtschaftliche Planung und Systemforschung (DHI-WASY GmbH) models the interaction between the surface and groundwater in dependence on land-use and climate and derived measures to stabilize the landscape water balance which were then quantified in their effect. In the area modelled (442 km2, of predominantly forest land) it has been proven that the extension of the watercourse system and forestry use represent a significant cause of the negative groundwater trend. Only a reduction in the artificial drainage system and a change in the forestry use (increasing the proportion of broad-leafed deciduous trees) is it possible to produce significant improvements in the groundwater levels and discharge. Increasing real evaporation has been identified as exercising a real influence on the falling level of the lakes and discharge.

Fig. 2-5-1

The difference in groundwater levels between a »dry« climate scenario and reference values Difference inder the groundwater levels Differenz Grundwasserhöhen Variant 8 – variant 1 (m) Variante 8 – Variante 1 (m)

>> -0,25 -0,25 0.5 tobis -0.25 -0,5 -0,25 -1.0 tobis -0.5-0,5 -1,0 -1,5 -1.5 tobis -1.0-1,0 -2,0 -2.0 tobis -1.5-1,5 << -2,0 -2,0

Model area Modellgebiet Focus area Fokusgebiet Gewässer Watercourses

Source: The feasibility study »Stabilizing the Landscape Water balance of the Schorfheide« 2008 (DHI-WASY GmbH)

Uck

Prenzlau Unteruckersee

Naturpark Uckermärkische Seen el

Naturpark Stechlin-Ruppiner Land

2-5-2 Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reservation

Fig. 2-5-2

Garz

Oberuckersee

v Ha

If countermeasures are not taken, medium-scale climate change will cause the groundwater levels on the plateau to fall further, between approx. 1.5 and 2.2 m. → Fig. 2-5-1 → Fig. 2-5-2 In the period 2046-2055, the average groundwater regeneration is set to fall from 53 mm/a by approx. 47 % to 28 mm against the period 1996 – 2005. The central problem facing the landscape water balance in the Schorfheide is the climate-related soil water store deficits caused by falling groundwater levels, falling lake water levels and a reduction in discharge. This deficit can only be tackled using large-scale measures with the aim of re-filling the soil water storage.

Wels e

Biosphärenreservat Schorfheide-Chorin

Modellgebiet

Schwedt/Oder Angermünde

Grimnitzsee

Werbellinsee

er Od

Parsteiner See

Eberswalde

Naturpark Barnim

Oranienburg

Hennigsdorf

Hohen Neuendorf

Source: LUA, 2009 Bernau bei Berlin

Naturpark Märkische

Further Information: Hydrological data, Brandenburg watercourses http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/lbm1.c.213384.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 WaTer

2.1.4 Moor conservation in Brandenburg Moor stocks

Map 2-4

Moorbestand

Elb e

ve Ha

Od er

Land Berlin

Brandenburg an der Havel Breitlingsee

Potsdam Schwielowsee

Sp r ee

Frankfurt (Oder)

Schwielochsee

Cottbus

Moore Moor

N ße ei

Talsperre Spremberg

Forest Wald

Landesgrenze State border Quelle: LUA, 2009 Source: LUA, 2009

Moors and calcium-rich lakes are the eco-systems with the most positive material balance in Brandenburg, and act to improve the water quality of lakes and rivers. At the same time, as an area of cold air, they counteract the drying out or heating up of the landscape and through carbon accumulation, make a contribution to reducing CO2 emissions. They are habitats with high bio-diversity and have the highest proportion of endangered animal and plant species. Together with Lower Saxony and Mecklenburg Vorpommern, Brandenburg numbers amongst the regions with the highest expanse of moors in Germany. The main cause of considerable moor retreat is to be found in drainage measures. Some 75 % of all moors in Brandenburg are subject

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Water

to agricultural use, of which 65 % of which as grassland. Brandenburg once had 300,000 ha of moor; at the beginning of the 1960s, this number fell to 280,000 ha. The subsequent programme of complex land improvement resulted in the reduction of the moor stock through drainage, leaving approx. 210,000 ha. Brandenburg looses an estimated 15.4 million m3 of peat and potential water retention capacity through drainage. Should this level of moor retreat continue, in less than 40 years, Brandenburg will have lost 50% of its moor surface. This development is already well predictable following the extensive investigation of Rhinluch area. Assuming a continuation of current water management practices and the type and intensity of landuse, this area will loose over a half its current moor area by 2070. → Fig. 2-6

Peat accretion is currently possible only in 2.5% of Brandenburg’s moors. Brandenburg’s drained moors release large quantities of gasses damaging to the climate (6.6 m. tonnes of CO2 equivalent). Brandenburg’s drained moors are currently responsible for greater levels of pollution damaging to the world climate than its road traffic. With 5.5 m. tonnes CO2 equivalent, the share of agriculturally cultivated moors in contributing to this is particularly high. → Fig. 2-7 Implementation • Since 2005, with support from the LUA, the Brandenburg forestry commission has carried out a programme of forested moorland conservation. Over 60 projects have been completed, including constructing a moor nature trail, • 2006 – the NaturSchutzFond moor conservation plan has focussed on especially valuable, yet endangered moors,

• since 2007, the LUA project group “moor protection“ has implemented, supervised and initiated around 20 projects, including the • EU Life Project (an EU finance instrument for implementing EU environmental aims http://ec.europa.eu/environme nt/life/index.htm), and the »Brandenburg’s calcium moors« administered by the NaturSchutzFond Brandenburg (to be processed 2010-2015) • The conservation project “Uckermärkische Seen” to run until the end of 2010, with - 41 Moor rehydration plans in forested moors - raising the water level in 22 lakes • Successful, large-scale rehydration measures, for example in the Rietzer See and the »Nuthe-Nieplitz« nature park (the Nuthe-Nieplitz lowlands conservation project). • 2 million € per annum has been made available for measures of moor conservation from the Integrated Rural Development Fund (Integrierte Ländliche Entwicklung, ILE)

The Rhinluch bog in 1970 and the Rhinluch bog in 2070 following continued land-use patterns and water levels

Fig. 2-6

Wustrau-Altfriesack

Sommerfeld

Fehrbellin

Kremmen

Linum

Sommerfeld

Fehrbellin

Kremmen

Linum

Source: Lehrkamp, 2005

Emissions from Brandenburg sources 2008

Emission in m. tonnes CO 2eq / year

Fig. 2-7

Industry in 2008

Small consumers (household, business etc.) in 2008

Traffic in 2008

Moors per year

LUA, 2009 (Calculations for moor using the GEST model from the University of Greifswald)

Further Information: EU-Project Moor conservation in Brandenburg http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/bb1.c.174382.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 WaTer

2.2 Progress of the EU water framework directive (WFD) In accordance with articles 11 and 13 of the directive, all EU member-states are to draft action and management plans for all river basin areas by the end of 2009. According to § 25 (3) BbgWG, the LUA is responsible for all the sections of the Elbe and Oder located in Brandenburg. Management plan The management plans include a description of the characteristics of the respective river basin areas as well as significant contamination and conservation aims as well as a summary of the pertinent catalogue of measures, economic analyses and a cartographic analysis. Members of the public had the opportunity to respond to these draft plans by 22 June 2009 within the framework of a public hearing. The draft plans were adapted to incorporate the findings of these hearings and approved by the end of 2009. They were re-published in the internet under http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/info/wrrl.de Programme of measures A prioritized measurement plan of the action to be taken by 2015 was completed for the portions of the Elbe and Oder located in Brandenburg. It comprises - The development of waterbody development concepts - improvement of the flow properties and hydromorphologyin / on all priority Waterbodies - The reduction of contamination in especially polluted lakes and watercourses - Measures to stabilize the landscape water balance, - Measures related to mining - Necessary further investigations. The measures resolved upon by the state of Brandenburg within the scope of this programme relate to defined surface or groundwater waterbodies and are to be supported by concrete measures or planned measures in the coming years. → Table 2-4

Further Information: Water framework directive cartographic service http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/lbm1.c.396769.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Water

Measures for compliance with the EU water framework directive

Table 2-4 ID

501 505

State-wide conceptional measures

River basin area

Waterbody development concepts for 65 priority areas

Elbe

Oder

50 GB

13 GB

State-wide grant directive for communal sewage treatment

State-wide

State-wide grant directive for waterbody reclamation

State-wide

State-wide grant directive for landscape water balance

State-wide

Reduction of surface water charge (nutrients and pollutants) 5

Optimizing the operating mode of municipal sewage plants

RBA Elbe

RBA Oder

36 WC, 16 SWB

4 WC, 4 SWB

Optimizing the operating mode of mixed and rainwater plants

181 WC, 27 SWB

64 WC, 7 SWB

Reduction of the direct entry of nutrients from agriculture

254 WC, 24 SWB

82 WC, 5 SWB

River conservation strips for reduction of the entry of nutrients

113 WC, 26 SWB

67 WC, 6 SWB

Reducing the entry from erosion and scouring

113 WC, 26 SWB

67 WC, 6 SWB

Reducing the scouring-related entry of nutrients

254 WC, 24 SWB

82 WC, 5 SWB

Reducing the drainage-related entry of nutrients

254 WC, 24 SWB

82 WC, 5 SWB

508

investigative monitoring of priority substances

The reduction of hydromorphological charge

14 WC

2 WC

RBA Elbe

RBA Oder

Establishing flow

138 WC

47 WC

Initiation / facilitation of a self-perpetuating development of the waterbodies

80 WC

28 WC

Measures for habitat improvement in the waterbodies

63 WC

21 WC

Measures for habitat improvement in the river bank environment

100 WC

26 WC

Measures for habitat improvement on the floodplains

71 WC

24 WC

Connection of tributaries and bayous (cross-linking)

64 WC

23 WC 29 WC

Improvements to hydrological constructions

74 WC

Improvement of the bed load management

30 WC

12 WC

RBA Elbe

RBA Oder

Adapted watercourse maintenance 79

adaptation of waterbody management

State-wide

Guaranteeing the necessary minimum flow 61

RBA Elbe

Verification / updating water balances and water rights

Conservation projects 73,74 66,70,71,73,74

13 areas

RBA Elbe

RBA Oder

Lower Havel

Spreewald

28,65,66,72,93

NP Lakes in the Uckermark

Elbe

RBA Elbe

RBA Oder

Project Continental raised bog

in 3 DB

in 1 DB

Project Brown bog moors

in 5 DB

in 1 DB

in 4 areas

in 1 area

Preservation and revitalization of wetlands 93

RBA Oder

50 areas

Project Salt grassland

RBA Elbe

RBA Oder

Mining-related measures Reduction of the acidification of open-cast pit lakes

15 SWB

501

Scientific supervision of the development of open-cast pit lakes in

in 2 DB

Reduction of the punctiform rubbish dumping

2 SWB

After-treatment with watercourse inflow

1 SWB

Construction of a cut-off wall to avoid downstream flow

1 SWB

Restoration of the water balance, renaturation

52 WC

Support with cleaned groundwater

8 WC

Reduction of the mining-related groundwater acidification

1 GWK

Reduction of mining-related diffuse pollution

2 GWK

Reduction of water extraction

1 GWK

RBA Elbe

RBA Oder

Reduction of groundwater contamination from the addition of minerals 21

Securing and reclamation contaminated areas

1 GWK

Agricultural environment measures

7 GWK

10 GWK

505

Adapting the KULAP (cultural landscape) directives to the requirements of the WFD

7 GWK

10 GWK

Canal reclamation projects

in 2 DB

in 1 DB

508

investigative monitoring for diffuse mineral entry

5 GWK

9 GWK

ID identification number according to the catalogue of measures 2007 (States Hydrological Working Group - Länderarbeitsgemeinschaft Wasser LAWA) DB drainage basin WC Water course GWK Grundwasserkörper SWB standing water body

Source: LUA 2009

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 WaTer

2.2.1 Evaluation of the state of groundwater bodies Map 2-5

State of the Groundwater bodies Zustand der Grundwasserkörper Mittelelde Süd

Havel Oberlauf

Fürstenwerder

Randow Uecker

Elde Oberlauf

Stepenitz/ Löcknitz

Prenzlau

Hessenhagen

Dosse/ Jäglitz

Greiffen- Schwedt berg

Obere Havel Rhin

Elburstromtal und westbrandenburgische Endmoränen (Trübengraben)

Oder 3 Obere Havel Oranienburg

ElbeUrstromtal (Stremme) Burg-Ziesaer Fläming Moränen

Brandenburg an der Havel

Dahme BE

Potsdam

Frankfurt/ Oder

Fürstenwalde

Oder 8

Eisenhüttenstadt

Dahme

Nuthe

Ehle/ Nuthe

Grundwasserkörper Groundwater body in a good condition in gutem Zustand

Oderbruch

UntereSpree BE Bernau Untere Havel BE

Untere Havel 2

Buckau/ Plane

Oder 2

Hennigsdorf

Untere Havel

Untere Spree

Gruena

Lausitzer Neisse

Schlepzig

Südfläming und Elbtal (Zahna)

ElbeUrstromtal

Grundwasserkörper Groundwater body in ainpoor chemical schlechtem chemischen Zustand condition

Dahme 2

Mittlere Spree

Grundwasserkörper in schlechtem Groundwater body in a poor chemical chemischen mengenmäßigen and quantitiveund state due to the effects Zustand of mining aufgrund der Auswirkungen des Bergbaus Landesgrenze State border

Alte Oder

Lausitzer Neisse Bergbau

Schwarze Elster Koßdorfer Landgraben

Quelle: LUA, 2009

Gröditz Königsbrück

BernsdorfRuhland

Lohsa- Muskauer Nochten Faltenbogen

Groundwater body – a delimited groundwater volume within one or more aquifers (WFD Art. 2 No.12), as a primary unit for the capture and evaluation of its chemical and quantitive state.

Source: LUA, 2009

The state of Brandenburg has a share in 59 groundwater bodies in the Elbe and Oder river basins areas. The expanses of the 24 groundwater bodies are located entirely in Brandenburg; the rest are located across other states. Responsibility for management of 38 of the groundwater bodies belongs to Brandenburg. → Table 2-5 The data basis necessary to determine the chemical state was provided by the over 1,000 measurement points of the three state measurement networks: Groundwater characteristics, Spring analysis and the water provider’s pre-position measurement point as well as additional results provided by the WFD monitoring service (e.g. mining). Additional studies relating to the groundwater body were commissioned to evaluate the charge range from point sources. According to a 2007 definition from the Progress Report for the Implementation of the Groundwater Subsidy Directive (Sachstandsbericht zur Umsetzung der Grund-

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Water

wasser-Tochterrichtlinie) from the States Hydrological Working Group (Länderarbeitsgemeinschaft Wasser LAWA) , a groundwater body is deemed to be in a poor chemical condition when the extent of contamination exceeds 25 km², or in small, partially contaminated groundwater bodies (< 250 km²), at least 10% of the surface, or in low, diffusely contaminated groundwater bodies (< 75 km²), at least 33 % of the surface is contaminated. In summary: • 20 of the groundwater bodies are in a good quantitive and chemical condition. This corresponds to 78 % of Brandenburg’s land surface. • 18 of the groundwater bodies register a poor chemical and / or quantitive state, corresponding to 22 % of the land surface. • A poor quantitive standard was identified only in the groundwater bodies influenced by mining activities, due to

the extensive water removal undertaken in the course of mine drainage. • As only the groundwater body Eisenhüttenstadt was declared to be in a poor state due to its selective contamination, diffuse contamination represents the most common cause of the contamination of groundwater bodies in Brandenburg. • Measures to restore the groundwater bodies in a poor quantitive or chemical state should be implemented. → Table 2-5

Table 2-5 Name

Alte Oder Brandenburg a. d. H.

These measures are summarized in the river basin action plan for the river basin areas Elbe and Oder. ← Table 2-4

Characterization of the groundwater bodies evaluated by Brandenburg Size

Quantitive state

Chemical state

Km²

good

poor

good

2,550

954

2,000

1,446

Eisenhüttenstadt

Ehle / Nuthe

108

Elbe-Urstromtal

1,383

Frankfurt /Oder

Fürstenwalde

Buckau / Plane Dahme Dahme 2 Dosse / Jäglitz

poor

Type of contamination mining

selective

diffuse

parameter

diverse

Nitrate

Ammonium

Fürstenwerder

Greiffenberg

Ammonium

Gruena

Ammonium

Henningsdorf

Ammonium

Hessenhagen

113

Ammonium

Lausitzer Neisse

205

Lausitzer Neisse Bergbau

349

Mittlere Spree

562

Mittlere Spree Bergbau

1,748

Nuthe

1,475

upper Havel Oranienburg uppere Havel

X X

X X X

250

2,223

Sulphat

X X

Ammonium

Oder 2

100

Nitrate

Oder 3

Nitrate, Ammonium

Oder 8

513

Oderbruch

693

Ammonium

Potsdam

359

Nitrate, Ammonium

Ammonium

Prenzlau Rhin Schlepzig Schwarze Elster Schwedt

132

1,693

137

1,816

X X X

104

Stepenitz / Löcknitz

2,250

Uecker

1,379

214

lower Havel

2,228

lower Spree

2,634

lower Havel 2

Sulphat

Brandenburg groundwater bodies. Those of other states not considered

Source: LUA, 2009

Further Information: WFD evaluation report in the Brandenburg (C-report) http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/lbm1.c.297349.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 WaTer

2.2.2 State of the surface water bodies 2.2.2.1 Ecological state of the lakes Member-states are obliged to conduct monitoring programmes with the aim of monitoring the state of the water bodies in accordance with EU water framework directive. With its more than 50 ha of lakes, fishponds and open-cast pit lakes, Brandenburg has more than 222 water expanses. These are subject to EU commission reporting requirements. The open-cast pit lakes, currently the responsibility of the mining authorities will later be added to this. The state of Brandenburg monitors the lakes as part of a three year cycle. 34 lakes are currently classed as being in a very good or good ecological state. → Fig. 2-8 Measures are required to address those lakes in a moderate or poor state. The centralization of water treatment and the requirements of agriculture-related environmental measures means that given further consistent implementation of such measures, a large proportion (55%) of the lakes have a good chance of attaining a good ecological condition by 2027. The reclamation of the lakes in Brandenburg requires further measures after 2010 to reduce the entry of wastewater in the lake feeders, and measures to reduce the discharge of nutrients from agricultural land. The state of lakes is evaluated by comparing test results with values from undisturbed reference waterbodies. The lakes are classed into five ecological classes in accordance with the EU water framework directive. Lakes exhibiting a low deviation from the reference values are classified as being good (2). Greater deviation leads to the lakes being classed as moderate (3), unsatisfactory (4) Distribution of the monitored lakes in the five ecological classes in accordance with EU-WFD 2008

Fig .2-8 Number of lakes

shade

ecological class

or poor (5). The state of the lakes are also established using indicators such as the oxygen content and pH value, nutrient concentration (physicalchemical quality components), poisonous substances (chemical quality components) and selected groups of water organisms (phytoplanktons, higher water plants, diatoms, invertebrates and fish. The first measurements performed between 2006 – 2008 gathered data to enable evaluation of 188 of the lakes subject to the reporting requirement. Only 18 % of the lakes reached the EU environment targets and could be classified as being good or very good. → Fig. 2-8 In 82 % of the lakes, unacceptably high concentrations of nutrients in the feeder waters and the consequences of current or previous ecologically damaging forms of fishery resulted in significantly increased densities of Phytoplankton. These are often dominated by the extreme development of poisonous forms cyanobacteria which can darken the water and during creaming or the formation of layers under 0.5 m can result in swimming bans. The trophic distribution of the lakes investigated between oligotrophic (low productivity resulting from low levels of nutrients) to hypertrophic (exceptionally productive due to overburdening with nutrients) is summarized in figure 2-9. The Helenesee in Frankfurt (Oder) is currently the only oligotrophic lake in Brandenburg with a surface greater than 50 ha. Some of the lakes in the Lausitz area subject to the reporting requirement are currently still in the flooding phase or mining-related reclamation / after-treatment. As a result, they have not yet been included in the WFD monitoring programme.

Fig .2-9 Seenanzahl

Distribution between the trophic classes of the monitored lakes with a surface area > 50 ha in 2008 Farbton

ÖZK

1 = very good

o = oligotrophic

2 = good

m1 = weakly mesotrophic

103

3 = moderate

m2 = highly mesotrophic

4 = unsatisfactory

e1 = eutrophic

5 = poor

e2 = highly eutrophic

p1 = polytrophic

p2 = highly polytrophic

h = hypertrophic

Source: LUA, 2009

Further Information: Profile WFD lakes http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/bb2.c.546903.de Cartographic service for the water framework directive http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/lbm1.c.396769.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Water

2.2.2.2 Targets for the nutrient content of lakes and watercourses Water-quality according to WFD targets

Map 2-6

St ep en itz

Gewässergüte nach WRRL-Qualitätszielen

Uckersee

Stechlinsee

Dos

Elb e

Werbellinsee

Parsteiner See

Rhin

Od er

Land Berlin

Hav

Breitlingsee

Standing Standgewässer Watercourses Fließgewässer waterbodies

Schwielochsee

Da hm

Nu th e

Schwielowsee

Ecological Ecological Ecological Ecological Ökol. Ökol. Ökol. Ökol. state state Zustand state Potenzial state Zustand Potenzial

ee Sp r

gut good

e Neiß

moderate mäßig unsatisfactory unbefriedigend

Talsperre Spremberg

Poor schlecht

Senftenberger See

Landesgrenze State border

Schwarze Elster

Quelle: LUA, 2009 Source: LUA, 2009

The biological quality components for aquatic ecosystems constituting the focus of the European water framework directive (WFD) are a subject to the influence of the abiotic quality components and a pattern of complex mutual interaction. The ecological state of a surface waterbody is constituted by biological, hydromorphological, chemical and physicalchemical quality components: • In lakes, the plant nutrients phosphor (P) and Nitrogen (N) exercise a significant influence on the functionality of the entire system, thus constituting the management-relevant parameters of the physical-chemical quality components. With an increasing concentration, these “macro-nutrients” have a fertilizing effect i.e. increasing primary production (Algaes, cyanobacterias). In consequence, the transparency (depth of visibility) of the water is reduced and the material cycles restricted to such an extent that the biomass produced is subject to only incomplete re-mineralization.

• The concentration of phosphor, nitrogen, chloride and dissolved oxygen in the watercourses are currently the most important management-relevant physical-chemical quality components. The additional drying and acidification prevalent in mining regions are also management-relevant. In order to reach the WFD biological quality aims it is necessary to formulate quality aims for the named physicalchemical quality components. Imperative threshold values for nutrient concentrations (P and N) have been established as minimum standards. They have a probability of success of 50 %. The imperative threshold values for nutrient concentrations in lakes in Brandenburg have been derived in an object-specific fashion, including use of modelling techniques. (OECD 1982). → Table 2-6 → Table 2-7

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 WaTer

The physical-chemical quality targets for watercourses were derived in a type-related manner. According to previous results, the diatoms in watercourses react more sensi-

Table 2-6 Name

tively to nutrient over-concentrations than vascular plants (macrophytes). Thus the type-specific threshold values are based in the biological subcomponent diatoms.

Lake-specific imperative threshold values for average total phosphor concentration (TP) in the euphotic zone during spring time circulation (TPSp) and summer stagnation (TPSu) for the largest and deepest natural lakes in Brandenburg subject to survey monitoring. LAWA trophic index (Potential-natural)

LAWA trophic index (Management target 2015)

Object-specific Management target Ecological classification

Total phosphor concentration (μg/l) TPF

TPS

3.23

3.73

124.2

Helenesee mit Katjasee

1.28

1.52

12.8

7.3

Parsteiner See

1.64

1.87

19.8

15.5

Breitlingsee

Scharmützelsee

1.6

2.08

27.7

21.9

Schwielochsee

3.18

3.68

118.7

Stechlinsee

1.1

1.34

Talsperre Spremberg

2.67

3.17

45.8

58.5

Unteruckersee

1.97

2.45

48.1

43.3

Werbellinsee

1.31

1.79

19.4

11.9

States Hydrological Working Group (LAWA). The management target for reference waterbodies is the maintenance / re-establishment of a very good ecological state (class 1). The target for all other lakes has been set as a good ecological state (classification 2). The basis of assessment taken for the lakes subject to considerable modification was the lake type according to the current morphological and hydrological conditions. All other lakes were taken as being in a good (class 2) ecological state.

Source: LUA, 2009

Table 2-7 Watercourse LAWA-No.

Imperative threshold values for the annual mean value of the total phosphor concentration and the total nitrogen concentration in Brandenburg’s watercourse types Name of the watercourse type

Imperative threshold values for the total phosphor concentration (μg/l)

Imperative threshold values for the total nitrogen concentration (μg/l) 2,184

Organic brook

Organic stream

2,184

Sandy brook

2,184

Small sandy river

2,184

15g

Larger river

2,184

Shingly brook

2,184

Shingly river

2,184

Stream of river and flood plains

2,184

Stream

100*

2,184

Lake outlet

2,184

AWB_19

Lowland ditches

2,184

* Preliminary values from the States Hydrological Working Group (LAWA)

Source: LUA, 2009

2.2.2.3 Watercourse contamination The EU quality standards specified in the water framework directive (WFD) specify concrete monitoring criteria, especially for priority materials and further pollutants. The pollutants and substances specified by the WFD are ascribed a (waterbody) endangerment potential. They number amongst extremely different groups such as the halogenatous hydrocarbons, heavy metals or pesticides. In 2006/2007, the EU quality standards were exceeded in 16 lakes in Brandenburg. A monitoring investigation has been implemented to determine the causes of these developments. The most common pollutants found in the large watercourses are increased quantities of tributyltin / tryphenyltin. Smaller watercourses – the Malxe, Neuenhagener Fließ, Föhrenfließ – exhibit high concentrations of lead.

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Water

The monitoring of pollutants in Brandenburg comprises up to 220 substances, monitored at different measurement points within the scope of a number of monitoring programmes. The results of the monitoring process were projected on all the waterbodies defined by the WFD as such. It is hoped to generate an evaluation of its chemical state of every waterbody to provide the basis for its ecological evaluation and / or an overall evaluation of the state of the waterbody.

Pollutant measurement programme • Survey measurement points with twelve control investigations per year: Drainage basin Elbe four measurement points – Spree twice (Cottbus, Sandower Brücke and Neuzittau), Havel (Potsdam, Humboldtbrücke) and Rhin (Kietz) and in the drainage basin Oder two measurement points (Hohenwutzen), Neiße (above Guben). Three of the six survey measurement points are automatic measurement stations. • Special monitoring of the entrance of pesticides: Tests for 24 pesticides used regularly in Brandenburg and with a high potential for endangering watercourses is conducted at a further eleven measurement points in Brandenburg. → Table 2-8 • Heavy metals and organic material are monitored at a further 70 measurement points.

measurement points for monitoring the watercourses for pesticide residue

Table 2-8 Measurement station

watercourse

Elbe

measurement station Cumlosen

Stepenitz

Wittenberge

Dosse

Saldernhorst

Havel

Hennigsdorf

Schwarze Elster

Herzberg

Havel

Göttlin

Oder

Frankfurt (O)

Oder-Spree-Kanal

Wernsdorf

Dahme

Niederlehme

Nuthe

Mündung

Neiße

Ratzdorf

Source: LUA, 2009

Pollutant load in watercourses

Map 2-7

St e

pe nit z

Schadstoffbelastung Fließgewässer

Elbe TBT,TPT Stepenitz TBT Dosse TBT

Oder TBT,TPT,DBT, BDE,PAK,2.4-D

Rh in

Do ss e

Elb e

Rhin TBT,BDE

Hohenwutzen

bei Kietz Havel TBT,TPT,PCBs, BDE,PAK,Cu,Zn,Pb el Hav

ÜberblicksmessSurvey measurement point stelle

Neuzittau

Potsdam Nuthe TBT

Dahme TPT

Oder-SpreeKanal TBT

Od e r_ Sp

me Dah

Landesgrenze State border

Spree

oh. Guben

hydrocarbons (PAK) Kohlenwasserstoffe

(PAK) Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) Schwermetalle Blei (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Kupfer (Cu), Zink (Zn) 2.4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), Mecoprop (MCPP), Phenoxycarbonsäuren 2,4-Dichlorphenoxyessigsäure (2,4-D), Dichlorprop (2.4-DP) Mecoprop (MCPP), Dichlorprop (2,4-DP) Chloracetic acid CIES CIES Chloressigsäure Polybrominated diphenyl Total of the BDE’s Summe der BDE 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154 Bromierte Diphenylether (BDE) ethers (PBDE) Heavy metals

e iß Ne

Spree TBT,BDE,CIES

Polycyclic aromatic Total Benzopyrene (g,h,I pyrene) and indenopyrene Polycyclische aromatische Summe Benzo(g,h,i-perylen) + Indenopyren

-K a n al

Cottbus

Organic tin compounds Tributyltin hydride (TBT) Tryphenyltin (TPT), Dibutytin Organozinnverbindungen Tributylzinn (TBT), Triphenylzinn (TPT), (DBT)

Dibutylzinn (DBT)

ree

Neiße TPT,BDE,PAK

Nu the

Qualitätsnorm in Rhin Quality standard exceeded 2006/2007 TBT,BDE 2006/2007 im Gewässer überschritten

Od er

Spree TBT,BDE

Land Berlin

Schwarze Elster TBT,MCPP,2.4-DP

Phenoxy carbon acids

Schwarze Elster

Quelle: LUA, 2009 Source: LUA, 2009

Further Information: Watercourses in Brandenburg http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/5lbm1.c.171522.de The European water framework directive http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/5lbm1.c.173081.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 WaTer

2.2.2.4 Automatic measurement stations in Brandenburg The water composition of the watercourses is monitored continually in a 24 hour rhythm at six automatic measurement stations in Brandenburg (AMB). They are stations on the Oder in Frankfurt (Oder) and in Hohenwutzen on the Neiße / Oder estuary on the Havel in Potsdam and on the Teltow canal in Kleinmachnow. In addition to 24-hour continuous monitoring (usually in 10-minute intervals) and recording the material concentration and composition events, an AMB ensures compliance with the statutory specifications for the user of a watercourse. Infringement of these regulations triggers an immediate alarm and / or the despatch of information to the responsible statutory instance. The AMBs provide an important component in a disaster early warning system. → Map 2-8 Automatic water-quality measurement station

Map 2-8

Automatische Gewässergütemessstationen

Elb e

Cumlosen/ Elbe Hohenwutzen/ Oder Potsdam OT Groß Glienicke

Od er

l Ha ve

Potsdam/ Havel

Kleinmachnow/ Teltowkanal

Ratzdorf/ Neisse Spree

iße Ne

automatische Automatic water-quality Gewässergütemessstation measurement stations Measurement network HQ in the Messnetzzentrale im LandesBrandenburg State Department of the umweltamt Brandenburg Environment (Landesumweltamt Brandenburg, LUA) StateLandesgrenze border

Frankfurt/ Oder

Quelle: LUA, 2009

Source: LUA, 2009

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Water

Working within the framework of co-operation between the International Commission for the Protection of the Elbe (IKSE) and the Working Group for Pollution Control in the Elbe (Arbeitsgemeinschaft zur Reinhaltung der Elbe ARGE), the measurement station Cumlosen has been incorporated into a network of observation stations on the German and Czech side of the Elbe. Water-quality data 2008 based on the example of the AMB Cumlosen on the Elbe and the AMB Kleinmachnow in the Teltow canal The annual levels of dissolved oxygen in the Elbe measured at Cumolsen shows high concentrations and a supersaturation in the summer months. This is due to the predominance of oxygen-generating processes – Increases of the phytoplankton mass – in comparison to oxygen-consuming processes. The oxygen saturation reached an almost favourable value (100 %), which ensures oxygen provision for all higher organisms in watercourses. The value fell for a short time in autumn following plankton decomposition, but did not reach a critical minimum as a threshold value for the fish population. As the phytoplankton photosynthetic oxygen production is strongly (and naturally) dependent on the annual amount of light, the measured global radiation follows a similar annual course to the dissolved oxygen content. → Fig. 2-10-1 In the Teltow canal, a combination of higher water temperatures and biological decomposition processes result in an oxygen shortage in the summer months. An oxygen content below 3 mg/l is seen as critical for the ecosystem, especially for the fish population. → Fig. 2-10-2 The annual water temperature levels for 2008 (Tw) and global radiation measured at the sites on the Elbe at Cumlosen and the Teltow canal at Kleinmachnow were compared. Although the solar radiation is more intensive in Cumlosem, the Teltow canal recorded higher water temperatures of up to 5°C. This is unsurprising when taking into account the different sizes of the waterbodies, their speed of flow and the urban location of the Teltow canal. → Fig. 2-11

Measured value of the dissolved oxygen content (O2), oxygen saturation Elbe Cu = Cumlosen

W/m 2 and % saturation

Fig. 2-10-1

Cumlosen global radiation (W/m 2)

Cumlosen O2 saturation (%)

Cumlosen O2 (mg/l)

Source: LUA, 2009

Measured value of the dissolved oxygen content (O2), oxygen saturation Teltow Canal KM = Kleinmachnow

W/m 2 and % saturation

Fig. 2-10-2

KM global radiation (W/m 2)

KM O2 saturation (%)

KM O2 (mg/l)

Source: LUA, 2009

Fig. 2-11

Measured values global radiation, water temperature Elbe Cu = Cumlosen und Teltowkanal KM = Kleinmachnow

Cumlosen global radiation (W/m 2)

KM global radiation (W/m 2)

Cumlosen Tw °C

KM Tw °C

Source: LUA, 2009

Further Information: Measurement stations in the water-quality monitoring network (WGMN) http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/lbm1.c.366104.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 WaTer

2.2.3

Waterbody development concepts

Map 2-9

Watercourse development concepts (WDC)

Gewässerentwicklungskonzepte (GEK)

4 12

6 itz en ep St

18 20

10 17

ve Ha

44 64

71 79

Land Berlin

77 97

99 Pl an e

117

89 113

GEK-ID number according to table) (Identifikationsnummer lt. Tabelle) Gebiet

2015

Development of thedes WDC after 2015 Erarbeitung GEK nach

130 133

140

e a rz hw Sc te r Els

Development of thedes WDC by 2015 Erarbeitung GEK bis

2015

153 P

Landesgrenze State border

155

Quelle: LUA, 2009

144

u lsn it

160

104

111 119 139

128 127

154

Supra-regional priority Vorranggewässer watercourses überregionales

101

114

115

WDC-ID (identification

Sp ree

105

Priority area prioritäres

135

142

136

150 159

162

Source: LUA, 2009

The LUA has divided Brandenburg into 161 hydrologically separate areas in order to evaluate and discuss management targets, deficits and measures in a more specific and place-related fashion and to draw up an action plan. To facilitate this aim, the river basin area co-ordination areas / operation and planning units previously established were subject to further subdivision. A watercourse development concept (WDC) will be developed for these 161 areas in the coming years. These WDCs should be understood as a conceptional pre-planning stage, to include all necessary measures necessary to meet the aims of the WFD from both a hydromorphological and hydrological perspective, as well as the necessities of waterbody maintenance. Comparison with the nutrient and pollutant-related measures as well as the targets of flood protection and the natura 2000 management plans pursued with other areas and time-scales should also be undertaken.

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Water

For the purposes of prioritization, the 161 areas were evaluated in terms of their fish-biological significance (blockage), their biological / influence potential and their significance for the reducing the nutrient load. As a result of this process, 70 of these WDC areas have been established as priority areas. They should be processed by 2015 at the latest. In order to gather experience in the awarding and processing of the WDC, the LUA awarded five pilot projects for 2008. These projects comprise the areas of the Panke (SpU2_Panke), the Krummen Spree with the lake Neuendorf (SpU1_KrummeSp), the Nuthe (Nuth_Nuthe), the Rhin (Rhi_Rhin2) and the Platkower Mühlenfließes (OdU_Platkow).

Table 2-9

Watercourse development concepts (WDC) in Brandenburg and other federal states (cross-border projects)

GEK-ID

WDC name (long)

113

Dahme (Source to Spree Dahme diversion channel)

Area with border crossing to

Dahme (Schmöldesee up to Nottekanal)

Storkower water bodies

153

Schwarze Elster (level Neuwiese up to minor Elster)

Saxony

140

Schwarze Elster (Minor Elster up to Drewisch moats)

Saxony-Anhalt Saxony

160

Große Röder

150

Hammer moats Lauchhammer

144

Minor Elster (source up to Sonnewalder Landgraben)

133

Minor Elster (Sonnewalder moats up to Schacke)

154

Minor Elster (Schacke up to Schwarze Elster)

155

Minor Röder

Saxony

162

Pulsnitz

Saxony Saxony

159

Ruhlander Schwarzwasser

136

Lausitzer Neiße (Räderschnitz up to Malxe-Neiße-Kanal)

Saxony, (Rep. Poland)

119

Lausitzer Neiße (Malxe-Neiße-Kanal up to Oder)

(Rep. Poland)

127

Cottbuser Spree (Tschugagraben up to Nordumfluter)

135

Greifenheiner Fließ

139

Hammergraben

130

Oberer Spreewald (Nordumfluter up to diversion channel Lübben)

142

Dam Spremberg

128

Südumfluter (Spreewald)

115

lower Spreewald (diversion channel Lübben up to Jähnickens Graben)

101

Beeskower Spree (Leißnitzsee up to Kersdorfer Schleuse)

111

Dammühlenfließ

Fürstenwalder Spree (Kersdorfer Schleuse up to Wehr Gr. Tränke)

105

Krumme Spree (Neuendorfer See up to Schwielochsee)

117

Pretschener Spree

114

Schwielochsee

Erpe

Löcknitz (lower Spree)

Berlin Berlin

Müggelspree (Wehr Große Tränke up to Dahme)

Berlin Berlin

Panke

Dosse (Glinze up to Havel)

Saxony-Anhalt

Jäglitz (Kyritzer Königsfließ up to Schöpfwerksgraben Kümmernitz)

Saxony-Anhalt

Upper Havel (Boberow up to Döllnfließ)

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Upper Havel (Döllnfließ up to Spree)

Berlin

Lychener Water bodies

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Tegeler Fließ

Berlin

Templiner Gewässer

Wentowkanal

Erster Flügelgraben

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Major Havelland channel (Schlaggraben moats up to Alter GHHK)

Major Havelland channel (Old GHHK up to Havel)

Lower Havel (Spree up to Havelkanal)

Lower Havel (Havelkanal up to Elbe-Havel-Kanal)

Berlin Berlin

Lower Havel (Elbe-Havel-Kanal up to Elbe)

Nieplitz

Saxony-Anhalt

Nuthe

Berlin

Buckau

Saxony-Anhalt

Plane

Minor Havelland main channel

Rhin (source up to Lindower Rhin)

Rhin (Lindower Rhin up to Kremmener Rhin)

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Rhin (Kremmener Rhin up to Havel)

Temnitz

Dömnitz

Karthane (Cederbach up to Elbe)

Löcknitz (Elbe)

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Stepenitz

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

104

Brieskower Canal

Alte Oder

Finowkanal

Hohensaaten-Friedrichsthaler-Wasserstraße

Platkower Mühlenfließ

Randow (Mühlenbach Grünz up to Welse)

Stöbber

Welse (source up to Sernitz)

Welse (Sernitz up to Alte Oder)

Quillow

Ucker (source up to Quillow)

Processing jurisdiction regional area South

Saxony-Anhalt

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Processing jurisdiction regional area West

Processing jurisdiction regional area East

Source: LUA, 2009

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 WaTer

2.3 2.3.1

Watercourse maintenance and hydraulic engineering Waterbody Maintenance

Map 2-10

Watercourse Maintenance

U cke

Gewässerunterhaltung

Strom

Lenzen (Elbe) Elb e

Passow Zabelsdorf

Perleberg

Neustadt (Dosse) Rhin

LUA-Hauptstandort LUA Primary location

Prenzlau

Rathenow

LUA-Nebenstandort LUA secondary location waterbody maintenance Gewässerunterhaltung association, assigned to zugeordnet zur

Alt Ruppin

Neuruppin

Nauen

Hav

Regional dept. West Regionalabt. West

Dobbrikow

Bad Freienwalde Seelow

Rehfelde Steinhöfel Mittenwalde

Großbeuthen

Golzow

Sitz des Gewässerunterhaltungsverbandes HQ waterbody maintenance zugeordnet zur association assigned to

Finowkanal

Bernau b. Berlin

Land Berlin

Regional dept. South Regionalabt. Süd

Oder-Havel-Kanal

Od er

Potsdam

Regional dept. East Regionalabt. Ost

Liebenwalde l ve Ha

Fehrbellin

Schwedt/Oder

Sp re e

Beeskow Frankfurt

(Oder)

Trebbin

Eisenhüttenstadt

e th Nu

Freiwalde Lübben

Regionalabt. Ost Regional dept. East

Luckau

Regionalabt. Süd Regional dept. South Regionalabt. West Regional dept. West

Burg (Spreewald) Sp ree

Sonnewalde

Deich Dike

UebigauWahrenbrück

Bundesgewässer 1. Ordnung 1. order federal watercourse Landesgewässer 1. Ordnung 1. order state watercourse

Cottbus

ei ße

Elsterwerda Schwarze Elster

Landesgrenze State border Quelle: LUA, 2008 Source: LUA, 2009

Waterbody maintenance comprises the maintenance / restoration of their operationality. A public legal obligation, for 1. order watercourses, it falls under the responsibility of the State Department of the Environment. All watercourse maintenance activities are carried out by the Watercourse Maintenance Association (Gewässerunterhaltungsverbände GUV), paid for by the state of Brandenburg.

The LUA is also responsible for maintenance and servicing of flood protection facilities and all water management facilities falling under its jurasdiction. The scope of the maintenance activities for 1. order watercourses is determined by the LUA on an annual basis and where necessary, can be adapted to changed needs. The control of and specifications for the 25 GUVs affected are formulated and implemented by ten LUA field offices. Maintenance costs for 2008 amounted to approx. 12,580,000 Euros.

State capacities in the LUA scope of responsibility

Waterbody

Flood protection facilities

Water management facilities

Approx. 2,000 km waterbody, of which approx. 566 km navigable state waterbody

Approx. 1,365 km dikes Approx. 325 Km dike drainage channels

10 / barriers /reservoirs 83 locks 32 pumping stations and pump facilities 516 Weirs / dams 163 dike openings

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Water

2.3.2 Hydraulic engineering Example 2008: Replacement weir “neue Mühle“ in the Buckau The weir system is fitted so that the water • is retained in dry periods in order to secure the groundwater levels, especially on the upper woodland areas, and to release water without causing damage upon the danger of a flood / to relieve the affected area. • The weir regulates the water flows in the Buckau until the next barrage located some three and a half kilometres at Mahlenzien. The adjacent fish ponds also benefit from the weir. • Operated manually, the weir is 16.5 m in length and 14.5 m wide. To maintain the appearance of the landscape, the old weir geometry of an overflow structure with a pronounced base step, fixed lateral beams and relatively small operator-protection for the regulation of medium and low water in the middle. A new feature of the weir is a steel bridge allowing visitors to cross the weir and thus giving them a view of the water feature. • An entirely new feature is the fish pass, specified by the European Water Framework Directive, in order to establish an ecological watercourse association in the Buckau. • A crab barrier was installed in the fish ladder to protect the local population of crayfish

Weir system with steel bridge (Photos: N. Albs)

Bukau area in Hoher Fläming

Map 2-11 Ha v

Trebelsee

Beetzsee

Brandenburg an der Havel Breitling See u

Wehr Neue Mühle

m Te

Bu ck a

Potsdam Werder Schwielowsee

nit z

Ve warlore s se nr

Pla

Naturpark Hoher Fläming Belzig Pla

Naturpark Nuthe Nieplitz

Jüterbog

Nuthe

Source: LUA, 2009

Further Information: Waterbody maintenance http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/5lbm1.c.172326.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 WaTer

2.4 Flood protection 2.4.1 Dike and hydrological engineering on the Elbe

Sc h

latb

ach

Deichsanierung der Elbe on the Elbe Dike an reclamation Map 2-12

MECKLENBURGVORPOMMERN Karstädt Lenzen (Elbe)

Elbe

Rudower See

Rückdeichung Lenzen

c Lö

Perleberg

i tz

Jee

Wittenberge

N I E D E RSACHS EN

Ste

Karth

El be

tze

nitz

ane

Bad Wilsnack

SACHS EN ANHALT

Progress of reclamation Sanierungsstand Completed abgeschlossen Planned in Planung No reclamation necessary keine Sanierung erforderlich Water stand=7.5 at Wittenberg BHW=7,45 am Pegel Wittenberge

10 km

Quelle: LUA, 2009 Source: LUA, 2009

A total length of 68.0 km from 76.4 km of the main dike on the Elbe in the Prignitz district was redeveloped by the end of 2008. A total of 55.9 million Euros from state, federal and EU funds have been invested in this project. (Figures based on the measured water level of 7.45 at Wittenberg).

Lenzen: stage 1 – View of the future flood plain (Photo: I. Marx)

Dike reconstruction planned for 2009 will be concentrate in the Prignitz district in construction section XI. between Gnevsdorf and Wittenberg, stage 9 – construction site Hinzdorf and in construction site X, dike retreat between Wustrow and Lenzen, and in the reconfiguration / opening of the old dike.

Lenzen: View from the harbour at Lenzen, upstream onto stage 2 (picture left) and the old dike on the (Photo: F.-H. Ulrich)

Rühstädt Bend: Levelling work on the land-side dike bank. (Photo: R. Schmidt)

Further Information: Flood protection http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/bb2.c.533843.de Dike retreat at Lenzen http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/bb2.c.533843.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Water

Table 2-10

Dike and hydrological engineering on the Elbe 2008/2009

Area name District

Dike section Dike Km development stage

Reclamation /construction measures

Construction period (month / year)

Value of action in M. Euro

Prignitz

Section X Dike retreat Lenzen Station 3+030 - 6+110 Stage 2

New dike

10/2005–11/2008

5.4

Section X Dike retreat Lenzen Stage 3

Transformation old dike

05/2009–12/2009

1.2*

Section XI Gnevsdorf – Wittenberge, Rühstädter Bogen D-km 2,396 bis 5,810 Stage 4

Reclamation old dike

08/2006–08/2008

3.5

Section XI Gnevsdorf-Wittenberge, Site Hinzdorf D-km 10+829 bis 11+218,5 Stage 9

New construction old dike and bulkhead with mobile Flood protection

04/2009–11/2009 (anticipated)

approx. 0.7

* Anticipated cost, funded by the Bundesamt für Naturschutz Source: LUA, 2009

2.4.2 Dike and hydrological engineering on the Oder The Oder programme comprises the reclamation of a total of 153.6 km of the Oder main dike, 34.03 km of backwater and summer dike as well as 44 flood protection installations such as pumping stations, draw bars, and dike openings. The dike constructions are divided into five regions – the Neuzelle Lowlands Ziltendorf Lowlands, Frankfurt/Oder, Oderbruch and Lower Odertal as well as a total of 97 development stages. Between September 1997-December 2009, 136.6 km of the Oder main dike (75 km in the Oderbruch), 4.7 backwater dikes and 21 flood protection installations were repaired / reclaimed within 71 development stages for a total cost of 217.69 million Euros. In 2009, the dike construction programme will focus on the Neuzelle Lowlands and the Lower Oder Valley.

heerd inland dike and the various flood protection structures as well as measures to protect the Seestraße) will continue into 2012. The focus of coming construction work rests on the repairs to the dike in polder 5/6 of the lower Oder Valley and completion of the repair work on the old dike in the Neuzelle Lowlands. At the same time, plans for the rearwards protection of the Neuzelle Lowlands in the Oder-Spree district and the repair of the stage in the Uckermark district possibly affected by the extension of the Hohensaaten-Friedrichsthaler waterway (development stage 58 in the polder A/B, stage 63 in polder 10 and stage 66 in the Schlosswiesen polder) will continue. Only 46.33 km of dike (of which 17 km is the Oder main dike) and 23 flood protection installations remain to be repaired or maintained.

The dike repair measures in the Oderbruch area were completed at the end of 2009. Construction work on subunit in the Ziltendorf Lowlands (the Brieskow-Finken-

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 WaTer

Deichsanierung der Oder on the Oder Dike an reclamation Map 2-13

Prenzlau Unteruckersee

Oberuckersee

We lse

Templin

Schwedt/O.

Grimnitzsee

Angermünde

POLEN

Parsteiner See

Eberswalde Od er

Bernau b. Berlin

BRANDENBURG A Od l te er

Straußberg

BERLIN Müggelsee

Spr ee

Frankfurt (Oder) Sp r Wa ee-O s se de r st rraß e

Scharmützelsee

Sanierungsstand Progress of reclamation Completed abgeschlossen

Beeskow

Under construction im Bau

er Od

KönigsWusterhausen

Fürstenwalde/ Spree

Eisenhüttenstadt

Planned in Planung

Schwielochsee

Flood plain Überschwemmungsgebiete Polder area Polderflächen

Quelle: LUA, 2009

Guben

30 km

Lübben Source: LUA, 2009

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Water

Table 2-11 Partial object Area Name and district

partial object 17 Neuzelle Lowlands Oder-Spree district

partial object 18 Zitendorfer Lowlands Oder-Spree district

partial object 18 Oderbruch M-O district

partial object 14b Lower Oder valley Barnim district

partial object 15 Unteres Odertal Uckermark district

Dike repair on the Oder 2008 and 2009 Dike section Dike-km stage

Reclamation/construction measures

Construction period from – to (month /year)

Value in M. Euro 2008

2009 *

D-km 0,200–1,300 stage 48 A

reclamation old dike, dike retreat, construction of an opening

06/2008–08/2009

1.8

0.87

D-km 1+985–3+890 stage 49

Reclamation of old dike, dike retreat

06/2008–11/2009

1.9

2.57

D-km 8,600–9,121 stage 52 A

Reclamation of old dike New cross structure, sewage pipe

07/2008–11/2008

0.72

0.15

06/2007–11/2012

1.4

4.05

D-km 0,000–1,870 stage 46

Reclamation of old dike Construction barrier construction Reclamation Pottaksiel

D-km 1,000–5,400 stage 1

Reclamation of landwards plant cover

08/2009–11/2009

0.54

D-km 5,400–9,800 stage 2

Reclamation of landwards plant cover

09/2008–12/2008

0.5

D-km 9,800–15,000 stage 3

Reclamation of landwards plant cover

08/2009–11/2009

0.61

D-km 15,000–19,340 stage 4

Reclamation of landwards plant cover

09/2008–12/2008

0.5

Jesargrabeninsel D-km 8,600–9,121

reclamation sluice construction

06/2008–09/2009

0.08

0.05

Güsterbies Old Oder inlet structure, Güsterbieser Alte Oder D-km 8,600

Construction of a new inlet

06/2008–09/2009

0.74

1.09

Dike grassing

Reclamation of landwards plant cover adaptation of the embankment slope

05/2008–10/2008

0.48

D-.km 84+650–86+935 stage 55 Lunow-Stolp Polder

Reclamation of old dike

04/2008–11/2008

1.88

D-.km 86+935–88+370 Stage 56 Lunow-Stolp Polder

Reclamation of old dike

04/2008–12/2008

0.83

D-.km stage 57c Lunow-Stolp Polder

dismantling construction road

06/2009–12/2009

0.62

D-.km 17+450–20+800 Stage 60 Polder A/B

Reclamation of old dike

06/2008–07/2009

0.57

D-.km 20+800 - 24+261 stage 61 Polder A/B

Reclamation of old dike Extension of the culvert

02/2007–07/2009

Intake structure km 681,4

Construction of ice deflector in front of construction

06/2008–07/2009

0.4

0.69

Source: LUA, 2009

1. Removal of the landwards slope stage 55 (Photo: U. Blüher)

2. Finished inlet construction Güsterbieser old Oder, view from the water (Photo: M. Oelze)

3. Construction of the sewage pipe at Dike-km 8+943 in the Neuzelle Lowlands, stage 52a (Photo: R. Kahlisch)

Further Information: Flooding of the Oder in 1997 http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php?id=172491&_siteid=800 First dike retreat on the Oder at Ratzdorf http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/bb1.c.171655.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 WaTer

2.4.3 Ice on the Oder 2009 Hydrographic characteristics In comparison to the other large watercourses in Germany, the Oder has the greatest and longest incidence of ice per annum. The low gradients in the river valley of the lower Oder reduces the transport capacity of drift ice from the mid-course and enables the Lake Damm to freeze over (Jezioro Dąbie). The ice covering on the Lake Damm prevents the drift ice from floating. Coming to a standstill, it freezes together. The resulting drift ice boundary advances upstream, usually producing an increase in the water level of between 80-180 cm. Higher local water levels can result from ice confluence or displacement. Changes to the water level resulting from stream-bed icing are neither local in their intensity nor are they operatively foreseeable or calculable. This makes them especially significant in relation to flood risk and flood protection. Situation at the beginning of 2009 Persistently low frost temperatures since the end of 2008 resulted in icing in the lower section of the border Oder after 5. January, the border of which developed up to the estuary of the estuary area of the Brieskow canal. Before the onset of the icing process, the levels of the border Oder varied on a low level within the long-standing middle low water / medium water level. The largest water level increase due to the influence of ice was registered at 2.22 m at the Frankfurt (Oder). The Oder discharged unrestricted after 9 February.

Dike breech and flooding of the Zehden polder. (Photo: Rehdorf 1940)

On the border Oder, the benchmark for alarm stages usually differentiates between free (unrestricted) and ice-influenced (restricted) discharge conditions. Upon the development of ice, the lower alarm level benchmarks apply to all German reporting gauging stations (The only exceptions are the levels at Stützkow and Gartz) than during unrestricted periods. The only ice situations which have not resulted in alarm levels being exceeded were those with a relatively low flow conditions prior to the onset of ice. A statistic analysis of the long-term winter water-temperature levels in the Oder which could provide the means for forecasting future ice water development have yet to be collected. It is estimated that the gradual increase in air temperatures could be compensated (at least in the short term) by the decrease in municipal / industrial wastewater discharge into the Oder and the reductions in the number of thermal power stations (e.g. in Brieskow-Finkenheerd above Frankfurt Oder).

Ice-breakers on the Border Oder. (Photo: WSA Eberswalde, January 2009) The three most recent dangerous Oder floods: 1940 dike breech with 70 M m3 water flooding onto the Zehden polder at Hohensaaten 1947 dike breech at Reitwein and the flooding of the Oderbruch, claiming several lives 1982, a major army operation prevented a catastrophe. A total of 2,000 helpers were involved in the emergency work on the Oder for several weeks.

Further Information: Public flood hotline http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/bb2.c.512353.de Hydrological data for the Oder drainage basin http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php?id=lbm1.c.213400.de&_siteid=800

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Water

2.5 Drinking water and sewage 2.5.1 Water protection areas, water provision, water rates Brandenburg’s government has established approx. 540 water conservation areas to protect the public water supply. With a surface area of 1,664 km2 they assume 5.6 % of the state land surface (see the Brandenburg guidelines for water conservation areas 2009). http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/media.php/2342/ wsg_leitf.pdf → Map 2-14 Water supply with drinking water Brandenburg’s drinking water supply is almost exclusively taken from the groundwater. Surface waterbodies are also fed from the groundwater, and marsh areas also owe their existence from a groundwater supply close to the surface. Protection and monitoring of the groundwater resources thus represents an important basis for the provision of sustainable water provision, river and lake protection and the preservation of valuable biotopes. Water consumption Despite regional and local differences, Brandenburg has sufficient groundwater reserves to provide its population with drinking water. According to official statistics, water consumption per inhabitant fell from 143.4 litres (l) in 1991 to 98.4 l in 2007. Price pressure after 1990 moved the population to take advantage of considerable potential for water saving. Brandenburgers consume approx. 20 % less water than the average German consumer.

Water provision in emergencies Brandenburg currently maintains 237 emergency water standpipes to guarantee water provision in a catastrophe. In recent years, standpipes for emergency situations were predominantly established in the urban municipality Brandenburg and the districts of Havelland, Elbe/Elster and Oberhavel The priority for coming years has been accorded to the state capital Potsdam and the immediate rural suburban zone around Berlin. 2008 saw an application in accordance with the Water Provision Securement Act (Wassersicherstellungsgesetz WasSG) to establish a further 125 standpipes, the pilot survey for five standpipes and one application for maintenance measures for a single standpipe. Of these applications, 34 new drilling processes, one maintenance case and five pilot surveys are currently underway. Water rates The collection and setting of water use rates for groundwater extraction and / or surface water use by industrial, agricultural, or commercial users, and use by water companies / other users is calculated on the basis of the Brandenburg Water Act 1994. → Fig. 2-12 The positive development registered in the income generated in the first year of assessment is mainly due to the rise in fees for groundwater extraction (beginning in 1994 with 0.05 DM/m³ to the most recent increase in 2000/01 to 0.20 DM/m³). The positive trend in income since 2001/02 is due to higher extraction levels and increasing user numbers.

Waterworks Natural water from springs is purified in 463 water treatment plants. A high number of small inefficient waterworks were closed at the end of the 1990s. Provision is now guaranteed predominantly from waterworks with larger capacities. This is confirmed by the figures: Waterworks in use

Total capacity of the waterworks (m³/d)

1993

776

1,431,491

2007

463

1,297,074

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 WaTer

Water conservation areas

Map 2-14

Wasserschutzgebiete

Uckermark

Prignitz

Elb e

OstprignitzRuppin

Barnim Havelland

Brandenburg an der Havel

Have

Land Berlin

Potsdam

Breitlingsee

Sp r ee

Schwielowsee

PotsdamMittelmark TeltowFläming

Od er

MärkischOderland

DahmeSpreewald

Frankfurt (Oder)

Oder-Spree Schwielochsee

Cottbus N

Elbe-Elster

State border Landesgrenze

OberspreewaldLausitz

District border Kreisgrenze

Quelle: LUA, 2009 Source: LUA, 2009

Fig. 2-12

Water use rates 1995–2008

set

actually paid

Designated amount in 1995–2009. The fall in income in 2000 was due to rebates (WNE 1990-93/PWA) Source: LUA, 2009

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Water

Talsperre Spremberg

Spree-Neiße

ße ei

Water Conservation area Wasserschutzgebiet

2.5.2 Municipal waste-water disposal, sewage charges Sewage plants larger than 10 000 PT

Map 2-15

Kläranlagen größer 10.000 Einwohnerwerte Prenzlau

Prignitz Elb

Wittenberge e

Wittstock/ Dosse Pritzwalk

OstprignitzRuppin

Perleberg

Neuruppin

Templin

Uckermark

Schönermark OHV Zehdenick

Angermünde

GrünebergHallegraben Neustadt (Dosse)

Size range in PT

Größenklassen in Einwohnerwerten über 10.000 bis Over 10,000 - below unter15,000 15.000 15.000 bis 100,000 15,000 - below

Liebenwalde

Fehrbellin

RathenowNord MFKE Premnitz

Uckersee

Fürstenberg/Bredereiche

Oberhavel Wansdorf BWB

l ve

Joachimsthal Eberswalde O d

Barnim

Schönerlinde BWB

Roskow

Werneuchen

Altfriedland

MärkischOderland

Land Berlin

PotsdamNord

Münchehofe BWB

BrandenburgBriest

Kemnitz Stahnsdorf BWB Lehnin PotsdamLudwigsfelde Mittelmark Brück- Beelitz TeltowHackenhausen

Waßmannsdorf BWB

Luckenwalde

unter 100.000

Fürstenwalde

Alt-Schadow

DahmeSpre e Spreewald

over 150,000 über 150.000

Herzberg

Frankfurt (Oder)

Lübbenau/ Spreewald

Eisenhüttenstadt

Beeskow Schwielochsee

Lübben Burg

Spree-Neiße Peitz

Elbe-Elster

Landesgrenze State border Kreisgrenze District border

ße

Flussgebiet Oder nach WRRL River basin Oder according to the WFD

Forst i Ne

Vetschau Oberspree- Cottbus Finsterwalde wald Lausitz Lindena SprembergUebigau GroßNord räschen LauchBad hammer Liebenwerda Brieske/ Senftenberg BASF Elsterwerda Schwarzheide

Flussgebiet Elbe nach WRRL River basin Elbe according to the WFD

Manschnow

Storkow

Kasel-Golzig

Jüterbog

unter 150.000

Seelow

Oder-Spree

Zossen Tandem-KA

Fläming

100.000 bis150,000 100,000 - below

Wriezen

Havelland Nauen Jeserig

Schwedt/ Oder

Quelle: LUA, 2009 Source: LUA, 2009

Sewerage and sewage works are present in all municipal areas in Brandenburg (sewage plant disposal area) with more than 10,000 PT. In 2008, all sewage works facilities satisfied the EU communal sewerage directive completely. As such, in addition to all mechanical and biological purification stages, they are also fitted with the equipment to eliminate the plant nutrients nitrogen (N) and phosphor (P). Municipal areas larger than 2,000 – 10,000 PT are fitted with a sewage network as far as this is justified. By the end of 2007, the majority of the sewage works of this size (60 / 65 units) were fitted with further purification stages.

1999, this means an increase of almost 6 %. The number of municipal sewage works operated in Brandenburg declined continually between 1997 and 2007. The wastewater of Berlin’s 3.4 million inhabitants is processed by all of the sewage works in the environs of Berlin (including that in Ruhleben in Berlin) with an extendable capacity larger than 150,000 PT. → Map 2-15 As of 12/2007, 84.2 % of the population of Brandenburg are connected to the Berlin-Brandenburg municipal sewage network via canalization. This corresponds to 2.1 million inhabitants and thus 40,000 more than 2005.

In Brandenburg, a total of 252 sewage plants with a total size of more than 3.54 million PT (Brandenburg share) were in operation by 31/12/2007. In comparison to the total size of the 295 municipal sewage plants in operation in

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 WaTer

Access to sewage in the municipalities

Map 2-16

Anschluss an die Kanalisation in den Gemeinden

Prenzlau

Prignitz

Uckermark

Perleberg

Oberhavel

Neuruppin

Barnim Eberswalde

Ostprignitz-Ruppin

Oranienburg

Rathenow

Havelland Brandenburg Potsdam an der Havel

Anschluss of der Connection the population Einwohnerinin%%

MärkischSeelow Oderland

Land Berlin

Frankfurt (Oder)

PotsdamMittelmark

00 11–bis under 25 25 unter

Belzig

25 under 50 50 25–bis unter

Beeskow Luckenwalde

Teltow-Fläming

50 under 75 75 50–bis unter

Oder-Spree Dahme-Spreewald Lübben (Spreewald)

75 under 100100 75–bis unter 100 100 District town Kreisstadt

Herzberg (Elster)

State border Landesgrenze

Elbe-Elster

District border Kreisgrenze

OberspreewaldLausitz

Cottbus

Forst (Lausitz)

Spree-Neiße

Senftenberg

Municipal boundary Gemeindegrenze

Quelle: LUA, 2007 Source: LUA, 2009

Around 12 % of the population accumulate their waste water in closed pits. Public agencies then transport this water to the sewage works to be processed. As of the end of 2007, the waste water from over 96 % of the population of Brandenburg was processed in municipal processing plants. The waste water of less than 4 % of Brandenburg’s inhabitants was processed in small-scale sewage plants.

Table 2-12

In 2007, Brandenburg’s sewage plants achieved a reduction of approx 89.2 % in the total phosphor and approx 81.1 % of the total nitrogen relating to the incoming water. This represents a significant contribution to improving water-quality in our watercourses. Reduction of the nitrogen content has not been possible since 2001. Nevertheless, in terms of single, smaller watercourses, the closure and extension of sewage plants enabled a significant improvement of waterquality.

Total number of sewage plants and the number of facilities per size class for the years 1997–2007

Size range of the sewage works

Number of sewage works in the year 1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

> 100,000 PT

> 10,000–100,000 PT

2,000–10,000 PT

100–< 2,000 PT

163

156

148

122

120

119

Total number of sewage works

301

295

288

264

255

252

Source: LUA, 2009

2007

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Water

Number of sewage works

Fig. 2-13

Year of commissioning / the last significant refitting

Municipal waste water directive comes into effect

Source: LUA, 2009

sewage plant capacities in M. PT 1997–2007

Size in M. PT

Fig. 2-14

100–< 2,000 PT Mechanical-biological, N- and P-reduction

2,000–10,000 PT Mechanical-biological, P-reduction

> 10,000–100,000 PT Mechanical-biological, N-reduction

> 100,000 PT mechanical

Mechanical-biological

Available capacities grouped by plant size, subdivided according to the type of water treatment. Source: LUA, 2009

Fig. 2-15

Load from Brandenburg’s municipal sewage works including the municipal share of the two largest commercial / industrial sewage works in the waterbodies

Source: LUA, 2009

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 WaTer

Fig. 2-16

Sewage Charges 1996–2008

set

charged

to pay

Source: LUA, 2009

Development of the sewage charges in Brandenburg to 2008 Fees are usually billed for different assessment years within a single calendar year. Lower tariffs set in one year thus appear over-proportional in comparison to the following year. Simulation of a continual annual cycle on the contribution curve makes a tendency clearly identifiable. The State Department of the Environment issues 400 letters of notification pertaining to sewage charges. They also issue 500 notifications regarding the “small discharger” fee and approx. 200 settlement requests. Appeals against the precipitation water yield fee include approx. 400 “old” objections. The efforts directed towards the refitting, improvement and construction of sewage treatment plants undertaken in the first years of the programme have brought clearly noticeable and positive results in reducing the pollution of the water in Brandenburg.

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Water

As all sewage works (predominantly waste water treatment facilities) are currently working to the state of technology, sewage charges in Brandenburg are much lower than they were at the beginning of the 1990s. These environmentally and economically favourable developments have produced a situation in which the sewage fee will level out at around between 4 and 6 million Euros per year. According to current legislation, the sewage fee and the precipitation water yield fee will always be collected, albeit set at a moderate level. ON the other hand, the “small discharger fee” is set to fall to zero. Environmentally damaging waste disposal will be abolished within the next five years. Those citizens not able to dispose of their sewage in the central network will be served by a mobile solution or via an authorized small wastewater processing system.

Climate protection and energy 3.1 Climate protection in Brandenburg 3.2 Sources of energy-related CO2 emissions 3.3 Renewable energies in Brandenburg 2004–2008 3.4 Emissions trading 3.5 The use of surrogate fuels in energy generation

73 74 76 80 82

3.1 Climate protection in Brandenburg Effective precautions to protect the climate is one of the pillars of sustainable development. Human activity has resulted in the average rise in the global air temperature at ground level of 0.7 Kelvin (K) in the last 40 years. At the same time, global sea level has risen by between 10 and 25 cm. The scientific consensus is that this trend has been caused by the release of climactic gasses from the combustion of carbonaceous, predominantly fossil energy sources. With a dwell time of approx. 100 years, the by-product, Carbon dioxide (CO2) is responsible for 50 % of the world-wide anthropogenic greenhouse gasses. In view of its history of CO2-intensive lignite-fuelled electricity generation, and its supra-regional significance as an electricity generator, Brandenburg has a particular responsibility to make an effective contribution to climate protection. In consequence, the Brandenburg state parliament compiled the state »Action Plan for Climate Protection and Adaption to the Implications of Climate Change« and with the Energy Strategy 2020. In doing so, Brandenburg has set a target of reducing energy-related CO2 emissions by 40 % by 2020 and by a further 35 % by 2030 (in comparison to 1990 levels). 75 % of total CO2 emissions in 2008 were produced by the refining of primary energy sources for the production of electricity, district heating and other coal and mineral oil products. Two-thirds of the associated products were exported from Brandenburg. These exports accounted for almost 45% of nation-wide CO2 emissions. The majority of this figure was attributable to electricity generation. A 40 % reduction of CO2 emissions by 2020 requires considerably greater efforts. In 2008, energy-related CO2 emissions contributed an estimated 60.9 million tonnes. The reduction rate in comparison to 1990 amounted to approx. 33% → Map 3-1

One of the most important means for implementing these aims is increased reliance on renewable energy. Responsibility for this lies with the department of the environment. Increasing the use made of renewable energy in primary energy consumption has been established as a target of the state. In this respect, Brandenburg is working to increase the share of renewable energy in primary energy consumption by 20 % (= 120 PJ). Current use of renewable energy in Brandenburg has resulted in the avoidance of 9 million tonnes of CO2. A further not inconsiderable aspect of involved in the attempt to increase the use of renewable energy is the retention and expansion of jobs with a secure future and regional valuecreation. The front-runner in the renewable energy sector in Brandenburg remains wind energy. A further element key to realizing Brandenburg’s ambitious climate targets is the expansion of environmentally-friendly methods of biogas generation. This is making a growing contribution to replacing fossil fuels and reducing the dependence on imports. Furthermore, this market segment is set to secure income and employment in rural areas. The number of biogas plants in Brandenburg has undergone exponential increase since 2004. → Map 3-1 The impact on the water balance, agriculture and forestry Climate change could result in the loss of Brandenburg’s characteristic landscape of extensive lowlands, moors and bog areas and their environmental function. This would have a negative effect on the water balance and the attractive appearance of the landscape. Observations, surveys and investigations are presented in chapter Water 2.1.3 landscape water balance.

The remaining 7 % mean that Brandenburg is facing a considerable challenge in the coming decades.

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Climate protection and energy

3.2 Sources of energy-related CO2 emissions Carbonaceous fuels The combustion of every carbonaceous fuel, whether coal, oil, gas or biomass, currently produces CO2 emissions. The combustion of lignite, mineral oil, gas and black coal was the cause of more than 95% of all energy-related CO2 emissions in Brandenburg. Local lignite resources account for the largest proportion of this amount, and its combustion caused almost 60% of emissions in 2008. In recent years, the CO2 emissions resulting from the combustion of lignite varied between 37-39 million t/a. Coal accounted for 2 million t/a; the combustion of mineral oil products accounted for between 11-13 million t/a and that of gasses between 8-9 million t/a. → Fig. 3-1

1 Energy-related CO2-emissions by sector

CO2 emissions in millions of tonnes

Fig. 3-1

Sectors of consumption Energy conversion and distribution accounted for almost 75 % of CO2 emissions in Brandenburg. These result from the production of prepared fuels such as electricity, district heating, motor fuels, fuel oil and many others for both local consumption and export. Raw lignite, oil and natural gas were used for this purpose. The level of emissions from the consumption sector is determined by the carbon content and quantity of the fuels used as well as the effectiveness of the facilities. In the last ten years, power stations and refineries alone produced emissions of around 46 million tonnes per annum. The emissions of the other consumption sectors lay between 4 and 6 million. t/a. → Fig. 3-2

Energy conversion and distribution

Industry

traffic

households and small consumers

* preliminary

Source: LUA, 2009

Energy-related CO2 emissions by fuel type

CO2 emissions in millions of tonnes

Fig. 3-2

Lignite

coal

mineral oil

gasses

other fuels

Source: LUA, 2009

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Climate protection and energy

* preliminary

Emissions indicators The progress achieved in climate protection and sustainable development is documented by the indicator »Carbon dioxide emissions« and other indicators. Brandenburg’s inhabitant-related emissions (emissions per capita) are the result of a disadvantageous mix of fuels in comparison to the national average, and the fact that Brandenburg exports approx. 60 % of all fuels produced in its refineries and power plants. → Fig. 3-3

Energy-related CO2-emissions per inhabitant

CO2 emissions in tonnes per inhabitant

Fig. 3-3

Brandenburg’s share of energy-related CO2 emissions amounts to an over-average 7.7 % share of total emissions in Germany. This is compared to a 2.2% share of the GDP. This is due to the economic structure of the state. → Fig. 3-4

Brandenburg (with electricity exports)

Brandenburg (excluding electricity exports)

Germany

* preliminary

Source: LUA, 2009

Energy-related CO2 emissions per unit of GDP

Tonnes CO 2 / 1000 € GDP

Fig. 3-4

Brandenburg

Germany

* preliminary

Source: LUA, 2009

Further Information: Energy balances http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/lbm1.c.212268.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Climate protection and energy

3.3 Renewable energies in Brandenburg 2004–2008

the proportion of renewable energies used in electricity consumption and gross electricity production. → Fig. 3-5

With its energy strategy 2020, Brandenburg has set the target of providing a minimum of 20 % (i.e.120 PJ1) of its primary energy requirement with renewable energy. Renewable energy forms already assume an ever-larger significance in Brandenburg’s energy mix, making a contribution to satisfying Brandenburg’s domestic demand for electricity, heat and fuels, as well as representing an important »export product«. The total contributions made to the electricity, heat and fuel supply by various energy forms are totalled using the energy balance and depicted as a proportion of primary energy consumption (PEC). Brandenburg’s energy balance can also be used to depict

• In 1990, the proportion of the PEC taken by renewable energies was practically zero. Brandenburg did not have any balance-relevant use. • Between 2004-2008, the contribution made by renewable energy to the PEC rose from 6.2 to more than 13 %. This represents an increase of more than 50 %. To fulfil the 20 per Cent target by 2020, it is necessary to achieve at least the same level of growth registered between 20042008. • The share of renewable energies in the PEC has registered the highest increase in the area of electricity generation. → Fig. 3-5

Renewable energies in Brandenburg – the contribution to energy generation 2004-2008

Proportion of renewable energies in %

Fig. 3-5

Target for 2020: 20%

Of energy consumption – electricity

Of primary consumption (total)

Of the gross electricity generation

Source: LUA, 2009

1) 1 PJ = 1 Petajoule = approx. 278 gigawatt hours = approx. 278 million kilowatt hours

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Climate protection and energy

Electricity from renewable energies Is generated with wind turbines, solar cells and water-power plants; in biomass plants as well as biogas, digester gas or landfill gas facilities. • Between 2004 – 2008, the number of facilities tripled and the installed capacity rose to 175 %.

Electricity generation from renewable energy sources – the development in Brandenburg 2004–2008

Proportion of renewable energy in %

Fig. 3-6

• The electricity yield and the emissions saved have more than doubled. Brandenburg is able to cover almost a calculated half of its electricity requirement from renewable sources. • Were this amount of energy to be produced by lignite fired power plants, Brandenburg would have emitted 8.7 million tonnes more CO2 in 2008. → Fig. 3-6

Number of facilities

Installed capacity in million Watt (MW)

Electricity yield in millions of KWh (GWh)

Emissions avoided in 1000 tCO2

The facilities for the co-firing of biomass, sourced predominantly from residual waste are not included in fig. 3-6 Source: LUA, 2009

Heat from renewable energies Is generated in biomass heating facilities or stations biomass co-generation plants as well as heat pumps, solar and geothermal plants and biogas, digester gas or landfill gas-fired facilities. • The plan to double the number of facilities to approx. 32,000 by 2008 predominantly involves the installation of many smaller solar power facilities and heat pumps; currently these make only a fractional contribution to warmth production from renewable energies in Brandenburg.

Wärmeerzeugung aus erneuerbaren Energiequellen – Entwicklung in Brandenburg 2004 –2008

Proportion of renewable energy in %

Fig. 3-7

• Until 2008 significantly less than 1% of all buildings in Brandenburg were fitted with climate-neutral warmth-generating plant fuelled by renewable energies. • The 36% growth in the provision of heat supply from renewable energy sources since 2004 resulted from increased use of biomass. • The installed thermal output of the plants listed above amounted to approx. 850 MW1 in 2008. This represents climate-relevant heat generation of well over 3,000 GWh2. → Fig. 3-7

Number of facilities

Installed capacity in million Watt (MW)

Electricity yield in millions of KWh (GWh)

Emissions avoided in 1000 tCO2

The facilities for the co-firing of biomass, sourced predominantly from residual waste are not included in fig. 3-7 Source: LUA, 2009

1) 1 Megawatt = 1 million Watts 2) 1 GWh = 1 Gigawatt hour = 1 million Kilowatt hours

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Climate protection and energy

Map 3-1

Biogas facilities

Biogasanlagen

Uckermark

Prignitz

14 8,6 15

19 11,4

OstprignitzRuppin

4,8

Oberhavel Barnim 10 5,5

Havelland Land Berlin

Potsdam

1 0,6 Brandenburg an der Havel PotsdamMittelmark 17

MärkischOderland

12 7,3

5,2

2,7

Frankfurt (Oder) Oder-Spree

11 Teltow- 22 15,5 Fläming

7 5,2 Dahme-Spreewald Cottbus

Number of facilities Anzahl Anlagen Electrical rating in MW in MW elektrische Leistung

7 3,9 Elbe-Elster

Landesgrenze State border District border Kreisgrenze

9 6,5 Oberspreewald Lausitz

Quelle: LUA, 2008

MW Megawatt = 10 6 Watts

Source: LUA, 2009

A total of 156 biogas plants with a rating of 97.7 MWel were in operation as of 31/12/2008, producing approx 686 million kWh electricity per year. A figure of 180 plants was calculated for the end of 2009.

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Climate protection and energy

3 1,5 Spree-Neiße

Map 3-2

Wind generating facilities

Windkraftanlagen

Uckermark

Prignitz

394 507 187 201

344 492

OstprignitzRuppin

Oberhavel

157 255

108 134 Barnim

Havelland Land Berlin

2 3 Brandenburg an der Havel

176 301

Potsdam 113 153 Oder-Spree

PotsdamMittelmark 133 255 Teltow- 190 305 Fläming

9 15 Frankfurt (Oder)

137 211 Dahme-Spreewald

Number facilities AnzahlofAnlagen Electrical rating in MW elektrische Leistung

MärkischOderland

32 64 Cottbus in MW

117 180 Elbe-Elster

Landesgrenze State border District border Kreisgrenze

79 140 Oberspreewald Lausitz

33 62 Spree-Neiße

Quelle: LUA, 2008

MW Megawatt = 10 6 Watts

Source: LUA, 2009

A total of 2,271 wind power units with a rating g 3,317 MWel were in operation in Brandenburg as of 31/12/2008. They produce approx. 5,800 million kWh per year. This information pertaining to the number and output deviates from the statistics from the German Wind Energy Institute (Deutsche Windenergie Insitute DEWI) as the LUA only counts those facilities covered by the Federal Emissions Protection act.

Further Information: Renewable energies http://www.mluv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/5lbm1.c.170959.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Climate protection and energy

3.4 Emissions trading With more than 1.600 facilities subject to emissions trading nation-wide, Brandenburg occupies ninth place in the state rankings. Brandenburg occupies second place in terms of total volume of emissions which it is permitted to emit. Emissions rights were awarded for 63 facilities at the start of the trading period 2008-12. Thus the state holds emissions certificates for 33.8 Mio. tonnes CO2 for the entire period. In 2008, the number of facilities subject to emissions trading rose to 66. → Fig. 3-8

With 22 facilities (each with a firing thermal capacity of over 50 MW), a third of all plants subject to emissions handle emitted approx. 42.5 m. t. CO2. This represents a share of 87% of all facilities participating in emissions trading within Brandenburg (49 m. t). The lignite-fired power stations Pumpe and Jänschwalde number amongst the ten largest CO2 emitters in Germany. These power stations generate three-quarters of all emissions subject to emissions trading in the state. → Fig. 3-9 → Fig. 3-10

Distribution of emissions certificate in Germany divided by stateat the start of the trading period 2008 – 2012 (in millions of eligibilities per year)

Fig. 3-8

Lower Saxony

North Rheine Westphalia

Source: LUA, 2009

Facilities subject to emissions trading by branch (as of 31/12/2008)

Fig. 3-9

Energy > 50 MW

Energy < 50 MW

Energy > 50 MW

Energy < 50 MW

Iron and steel industry

Oil refining

Iron and steel industry

Oil refining

Lime and cement

Glass, ceramics, paper

Lime and cement

Glass, ceramics, paper

Source: LUA, 2009

Fig. 3-10

CO2 Emissions 2008 by branch in million tonnes CO2 per year (as of 31/12/2008)

Source: LUA, 2009

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Climate protection and energy

Emissions rights awarded without charge and emissions in the period 2005–2008

Million tonnes CO2 per year

Fig. 3-11

award 2005–2007

Emissions 2005

Emissions 2006

Energy production

Emissions 2007 Energy and steel industry

award 2008–2012

Emissions 2008

Other industries

Source: LUA, 2009

The allocation legislation for the second trading period 2008-2012 establishes significantly more pressure to reduce emissions in this highly emissions-intensive branch. • Depending on their efficiency, coal-fired plants were awarded significantly fewer free emissions rights, of up to 50 % below the requirements of previous years. The need to purchase additional emissions rights (certificates), the shortage of available certificates and thus the increasing prices should generate an incentive to invest in new plant / upgrade to low-emission procedures (change in fuel, improvements in efficiency).

• Nevertheless, it has become clear that this impulse will be much reduced following the recession of 2008, as reduced production could also reduces the demand for emissions certificates and thus a fall in price for emissions rights. ← Fig. 3-11

Further Information: Emissions trading http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/info/emissionshandel

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Climate protection and energy

3.5 Surrogate fuels – energy generation Climate-protection requirements are acquiring increasing significance in energetic waste use, especially in the use of waste matter classified as climate neutral as a fuel in power generation plants or for the generation of process heat in industrial processes. This is especially significant for municipal waste used as refuse derived fuel (RDF) surrogate fuels. In Brandenburg; there are four plants which use such surrogate fuels. The energy balances are displayed only as anonymous plant data for reasons of data protection. → Table 3-1 → Table 3-2 In 2007, these four facilities used a total of 731,900 Mg RDFs of which 231,900 Mg originate from municipal waste generated in Brandenburg, i.e. from domestic households. Statistically, this corresponds to a capacity of 300 kWh per inhabitant, an amount of energy corresponding to 150 operating hours for a washing machine or 5000 operating hours for a television. Producing the same amount of energy from fossil biogenic fuels per year would require 1,090,550 Mg/a lignite, 234,450 Mg/a crude oil and 229,235,000 m3/a natural gas.

Table 3.1

Valuation of the amounts of substitute energy is conducted using the electrical / thermal energy produced by the facilities and the comparable heating values for lignite (8,650 MJ/Mg) crude oil (42,800 MJ/ Mg) and natural gas (36 MJ/ m3). The effectiveness (ŋ) (average values) for coal, crude oil and natural gas plants were researched, in order to calculate the mass balance via the energy amounts drawn from the RDF power plants. This was performed under observation of the state of technology for the calculations: • Coal-fired power plant with η = 43 % electric, η = 90 % thermal • Oil-fired power plant with η = 38 % electric, η = 90 % thermal • Natural gas-fired power plant with η = 58 % electric, η = 90 % thermal Three further RDF power plants began operation in 2008. Further facilities are planned for the coming years. With the savings of fossil fuels thus made, surrogate fuels make a significant contribution to climate protection in Brandenburg.

Energetic use of surrogate fuels – RDF amounts and substituted fuels substituted fuel

Number of plants in 2007 and the nature of the RDF *

RDF 2007 in Mg/a Amount used

amount of lignite used in Mg/a

gas in m³/a

Oil in Mg/a

Facility 1

combsutible waste / other waste

79,200

171,000

39,495,000

35,250

Facility 2

combsutible waste / other waste

391,600

490,250

87,518,000

112,000

Facility 3

combsutible waste / other waste

12,350

16,600

3,022,000

3,800

Facility 4

combsutible waste / other waste

248,750

412,700

99,200,000

83,400

731,900

1,090,550

229,235,000

234,450

Total ∑

* Combustible waste are fuels derived from municipal waste e.g. plastic, matured forest 1 MG = 1 t or 1,000 kg Source: LUA, 2009

Table 3-2

Energetic use of surrogate fuels – RDF amounts and energy produced Menge EBS 2007 in Mg

Number of plants in 2007 and the nature of the RDF *

Real ø lower heating

Energy produced in MWh

Of which from

value in MJ/Mg

Total

Brandenburg

Electrical

Thermal

Anlage 1

combustable waste / other waste

14,200 -

79,219 -

59,871 -

1,503 produced: 26,526

131,334 produced: 314,294

Anlage 2

combustable waste / other waste

13,568 -

391,600 -

126,313 -

503,362

6,586

Anlage 3

combustable waste / other waste

12,257 -

12,354 -

6,595 -

Anlage 4

combustable waste / other waste

14,000 15,400

186,508 62,247

70,443 11,598

16,040

2,311

process heat

Source: LUA, 2009

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Climate protection and energy

Authorization and Monitoring

4.1 Statutory pollution control authorization procedures 4.2 The holdings and monitoring of facilities subject to statutory authorization 4.3 Accident prevention 4.4 Other administrative procedures The state environment department issues permits in accordance with valid pollution control, water, waste and nature conservation legislation. The subsequent description of this matter restricts itself to those facilities requiring statutory authorization in accordance with the relevant provisions of pollution control legislation. In Brandenburg, these fall under the aegis of the of the Facilities Information System Pollution control (Anlageninformationssystem Immissionsschutz AISI) land registry. The AISI includes information regarding the operator, locations and type of the facility as well as data pertaining to the authorization procedure, monitoring and hazardous incidents.

Map 4-1

84 85 87 88

Regional jurisdiction The three regional departments of the State Department of the Environment were conferred responsibility for all statutory pollution control in Brandenburg and the monitoring of all facilities subject to statutory authorization. → Map 4-1

Regional jurisdiction for the authorization procedure Regionale Zuständigkeit für Genehmigungsverfahren

Uckermark Prignitz

OstprignitzRuppin Neuruppin

Schwedt/Oder Oberhavel Barnim

Regionalbereich West RW

Regionalbereich Ost RO

Havelland OT Groß Glienicke Brandenburg an der Havel

Land Berlin

Potsdam

Frankfurt (Oder)

PotsdamMittelmark

Oder-Spree Zossen OT Wünsdorf TeltowFläming

Regional area Regionalbereich

Märkisch-Oderland

LUA-Hauptstandort/ GenehmigungsLUA primary location Authorization station Monitoring verfahrensstelle/ department Überwachungsreferat

DahmeSpreewald

Regionalbereich Süd RS

LUA-Nebenstandort LUA secondary locationMonitoring Überwachungsreferat department

Elbe-Elster

Landesgrenze State border

Oberspree-

Cottbus Spree-Neiße

wald Lausitz

District border Kreisgrenze

Quelle: LUA, 2009 Source: LUA, 2009

Further Information: Länderverbund AIS-I http://www.infonet-umwelt.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Authorization and Monitoring

4.1 Statutory pollution control authori zation procedures A statutory pollution control procedure is required for every action involved in the establishment, operation and significant alteration to a selected number of facilities, determined for their potential to pollute or damage man and the environment. The appendix of the fourth ordinance pertaining to the Federal Pollution Control Act (4. BImSchV) specifies a catalogue of all plant types ordered by their technology group for which an authorization procedure is to be performed in accordance with the Federal Pollution Control Act (BImSchV). This is a concentrated authorization procedure, the scope of which also includes other necessary official decisions concerning the plant (e.g. the regular building permit). The legislator distinguishes between two types of procedure, a formal procedure, including the public, and the simplified procedure, which does not foresee any public participation.

Table 4-1

Preliminary test for UVP liability The alteration in the legal provisions relating to the environmental safety inspection (ESI) (Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung - UVPG), subsequent to the implementation of European legislation, introduced the preliminary test as an additional stage in the procedure to determine the necessity of an ESI. The UVPG now distinguishes between those proposals requiring an environmental safety inspection (ESI) and those for which the requirement for an ESI is to be determined by the responsible authorizing body is to be determined on a case-by case basis (preliminary test). → Table 4-1 The majority of ESI preliminary tests were required for facilities using of renewable energies, so that of the 91 preliminary tests conducted in 2008, 29 were conducted for wind energy proposals and 57 for biogas facilities. Authorization procedures Between 2004 – 2008, 1,250 pollution control authorization permits were issued in Brandenburg. → Table 4-2

Number of preliminary tests (PT) for permits applied for ordered according to branch, technology group, 2004–2008

Groups according to appendix 4 BImSchV

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

112

Stone and earth, glass, ceramics, building materials

Steel, iron and other metals including processing

Heat generation, mining, energy

Chemical products, medicines, mineral oil refineries and further processing

Surface treatment with organic materials, the production of lane-formed materials made of plastics; other processing of ores and plastics

Wood, cellulose

Foodstuffs, drinks and tobacco, fodder, agricultural products

25 13

Use and disposal of waste and other materials

Storage, loading and unloading of material and preparations

Other

142

137

170

155

Brandenburg total

Source: LUA, 2009

Table 4-2

Number of permits awarded ordered by branch, technology groups 2004–2008 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Heat generation, mining, energy

Groups according to appendix 4 BImSchV

142

138

Stone and earth, glass, ceramics, building materials

Steel, iron and other metals including processing

Chemical products, medicines, mineral oil refineries and further processing

Surface treatment with organic materials, the production of lane-formed materials made of plastics; other processing of ores and plastics

Wood, cellulose

Foodstuffs, drinks and tobacco, fodder, agricultural products

Use and disposal of waste and other materials

Storage, loading and unloading of material and preparations

Other

239

238

296

268

209

Brandenburg total

Source: LUA, 2009

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Authorization and Monitoring

The permits issued focus on the technology groups Heat generation, mining and energy; predominantly wind power units (WPA) with 54 wind energy proposals in 2008 and biogas plants, with 37 biogas plants in 2008 as well as waste use / disposal, the waste disposal plants. 39 % of the 1,250 authorized plants were subject to an ESI preliminary test. An environmental safety inspection was integrated in 6 % of the authorizations issued. The focus of

this work also concentrated on the WPAs; 37 of 78 environmental safety inspections (47%) were conducted in this area. In 201 procedures, building approv al was issued before authorization in order to speed up the building process. Between 2004 – 2008, in addition to the 1250 authorizations, 448 applications were rejected either due to failure to satisfy all the necessary requirements or a suspension in the procedure. → Table 4-3

Number of unsuccessful applications for authorization in Brandenburg 2004–2008

Table 4-3 Year

Suspended procedures

Applications rejected

Permits not issued

2004

2005

2006

2007

101

2008

102

Source: LUA, 2009

4.2 The holdings and monitoring facilities subject to statutory authorization The largest proportion of the facilities awaiting inspection → Table 4-4 is provided by the facilities for the use of renewable energies, especially WPAs. With 2,401 individual units, (2008) these represents almost half all such facilities. The clear increase in the number of units be-

Table 4-4

tween 2004 - 2005 is due to the legal amendment valid since 01/07/2005, according to which each and every individual WPA unit is subject to authorization; previous legislation foresaw the inspection of the wind farm as a whole.

The holdings of facilities in Brandenburg subject to statutory monitoring according to technology group 2004–2008 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Heat generation, mining, energy

Groups according to appendix 4 BImSchV

283

1,508

1,915

2,454

2,719

Stone and earth, glass, ceramics, building materials

176

175

171

147

136

Steel, iron and other metals including processing

Chemical products, medicines, mineral oil refineries and further processing

Surface treatment with organic materials, the production of lane-formed materials made of plastics; other processing of ores and plastics

Wood, cellulose

1,071

1,074

1,068

833

723 *

Use and disposal of waste and other materials

700

696

715

752

775

Storage, loading and unloading of material and preparations

220

215

216

210

200

Foodstuffs, drinks and tobacco, fodder, agricultural products

Other Brandenburg total

226

231

230

227

2,828

4,049

4,472

4,772

4,928

The new counting criteria are not applicable to the statutory authorization procedure as described in the previous chapter. When applying for authorization, the applicant has to decide how many individual units he wishes to include in the application. * reduced by the 2007 amendment

Source: LUA, 2009

Further Information: Statutory pollution control authorization procedure http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/lbm1.c.330810.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Authorization and Monitoring

Safety Engineering Example – the monitoring of biogas facilities

Biogas facility in Nennhausen, district Havelland, with elaborate lightening protection (photo: H.-J. Gareis)

The safety requirements placed on biogas facilities serve to guarantee effective protection against fire and explosions and health and safety protection during installation, operation, maintenance and servicing and even decommissioning. Potential danger is associated with the biogas produced and to a certain extent, stored as well as in dealing with various charge materials, products, machines. Other sources of danger include component failure and the influence of outside factors (lightening strike, tampering etc). Proof of observation of and compliance with the safety requirements is a component of the statutory pollution control authorization procedure. The application documents with the documented facility design and the subsequent permit constitute the basis for the subsequent plant monitoring by the authorities. The monitoring procedure begins with an initial inspection. Following the construction and commissioning of a biogas facility awarded a statutory pollution control permit; the State Department of the Environment conducts an initial inspection with revision as a final inspection by the authorities involved in the authorization procedure. During this process, all obligations imposed are then verified.

Deficiencies relating to the safety standards are often identified including: • alterations to the location and design of plant components as specified in the scope of the application (containers, emergency flare, transformer station) with a direct effect on safety requirements. • Incomplete realization of building-related fire regulations (fire insulation of piping and cable openings, absent bumpers for sensitive plant parts, proof of the fire protection class for the components used. • incomplete marking, unsatisfactory safety documentation regarding fire and explosion precautions and industrial safety • Incomplete implementation of the findings of expert inspections in accordance with § 29a BImSchG. The State Department of the Environment draws up a final inspection report to rectify the defects. This contains a concrete time-scale for completion of the remedial measures. The relevant authorities perform independent documented inspections soon after the report to ensure that the operator realizes the quality improvements on time.

Further Information: Renewable energies http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/170959

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Authorization and Monitoring

4.3 Accident prevention Map 4-2

Accident prevention

Betriebsbereiche nach der Störfall-Verordnung

Prenzlau Gerdshagen

Uckermark

OstprignitzRuppin

Perleberg Prignitz

Pinnow

Oberhavel

Märkisch Linden

Liebenwalde

Fehrbellin

Barnim

Oranienburg Oberkrämer

Havelland Premnitz

Wandlitz Velten

Nauen

Schwedt/ Oder

Werneuchen

MärkischOderland

Land Berlin

Gusow-Platkow

Dahlwitz-Hoppegarten Rüdersdorf Reitwein b. Berlin Fürstenwalde/ Erkner Groß Kreutz Brandenburg Spree Stahnsdorf Schönefeld an der Havel Beelitz Oder-Spree Frankfurt Potsdam- Linthe Königs(Oder) Zossen WusterMittelmark hausen Storkow/Mark EisenhüttenWiesenburg/ stadt Mark Am Mellensee DahmeSpreewald TeltowBetriebsbereich mitobligations Grundpflichten Operating area with basic Lübben Fläming Golßen Guben (Spreewald) Betriebsbereich mit erweiterten Operating area with extended obligations Pflichten Cottbus Vetschau/ Location with multiple operating Betriebsbereichen areas Standort mit mehreren Spreewald Potsdam

Landesgrenze State border District border Kreisgrenze

Elbe-Elster

Two operating areas are subject to monitoring by the State

Zwei Betriebsbereiche stehenand unter des Department for Mining, Geology RawAufsicht Materials. TheLandesamtes other für Bergbau, und Rohstoffe; übrigen Betriebsoperating areasGeologie are the responsibility of thedie State Department of the Environment. bereiche stehen unter Aufsicht des Landesumweltamtes

Röderland

Ober- SpreeDöbern spreeNeiße waldSpremberg Lausitz Schwarzheide

Quelle: LUA, 2009 Source: LUA, 2009

The safety of facilities having suffered a hazardous incident Those facilities at which the storage of large quantities of hazardous materials could result in accidents (hazardous incidents) are subject to particularly stringent requirements. Such locations, such as particular chemical plants, large tank farms or refineries are subject to the provisions of the Hazardous Incident Ordinance (Störfallverordnung 12. BImSchV) and are classified as operating areas. The map shows those locations of these facilities in Brandenburg classified as operating areas. ← Map 4-2

The nature and quantity of the dangerous substances determines whether an operating area is, in addition to basic obligations (avoiding hazardous incidents, taking precautions to reduce the effects of any accidents, reporting any events) is to be subjected to extended obligations (alarm and danger prevention, providing public information regarding safety measures etc.). The operating areas are subject to intensive, co-ordinated and inter-authority monitoring programmes in accordance with § 19 Hazard Ordinance (§ 19 Störfall-Verordnung). There were no hazardous incidents in Brandenburg in 2008 and 2009. The operating areas near to Poland are subject to the additional regulations agreed upon in 1992 at the UNECE Helsinki agreement regarding the cross-border effects of industrial accidents.

UNECE: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Authorization and Monitoring

4.4 Other administrative procedures Appeals proceedings A focus of the appeals proceedings placed by applicants, neighbours or facility operators is provided by neighbours who feel themselves to be affected by the effects of plants awarded statutory pollution control authorization. The appeals of those subject to administrative decisions subjecting them to (negatively perceived) rulings (e.g. upgrades to the facilities) or permits with additional conditional obligations are also processed. → Table 4-5 Land-use planning participation procedures Working within the scope of its enforcement powers, the LUA and other bodies scrutinize the municipalities’ landuse plans for their compliance with the requirements of pollution control legislation, water management and nature conservation stipulations, especially in terms of the requirements of maintaining biodiversity. → Table 4-6

Table 4-5

Inclusion of facilities within the scope of 26. BImSchV (electromagnetic fields) Facilities, which according to the provisions of the Ordinance Regulating Electromagnetic Fields (Bestimmungen der Verordnung über elektromagnetische Felder 26. BImSchV) need to be notified to the LUA, are all high-frequency facilities (fixed location transmitters such as mobile telephone technology) or low frequency facilities not approved elsewhere (e.g. particular energy lines) located in areas of human settlement. → Table 4-7 Supervision of waste management companies The State Department of the Environment is charged with monitoring the activities of waste management companies. Externally approved experts check these waste management companies and waste management associations and issue them with certificates which are then presented to the State Department of the Environment. The certificate can be revoked following any infringement of the law. The number of registrations and controls has remained relatively constant for a number of years. → Table 4-8 → Table 4-9

Number of appeals procedures conducted in the State Department of the Environment 2007 and 2008 Appeals lodged

Claims and applications for legal protection

2007

2008

2007

Regional area East

167

2008 18

Regional area West

142

Regional area South

341

LUA total

283

650

Source: LUA, 2009

Table 4-6

Regional area East

Regional area West

Regional area South

Involvement of the regional departments in municipal land-use planning in 2007 and 2008 Districts, independent cities, selected cities

2007

2008

Märkisch-Oderland, Oder-Spree, Frankfurt (Oder)

206

227

Barnim, Uckermark,Eberswalde, Prenzlau

190

185

Potsdam-Mittelmark, Havelland, Potsdam, Brandenburg a.d.H.

227

264

Oberhavel, Ostprignitz-Ruppin, Prignitz

223

225

Dahme-Spreewald, Teltow-Fläming

150

228

Spree-Neiße, Elbe-Elster, Oberspreewald-Lausitz, Cottbus

Brandenburg total

212

208

1,208

1,337

Source: LUA, 2009

Table 4-7

Processing notifications for facilities in accordance with 26.BlmSchV (electromagnetic fields) in the regional departments in the years 2007 and 2008 Low-frequency facilities

High-frequency facilities

2007

2008

2007

Regional area East

166

100

278

214

Regional area West

259

175

156

243

Regional area South

221

160

Brandenburg total

486

361

655

617

Source: LUA, 2009

2008

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Authorization and Monitoring

Table 4-8

Waste management companies subject to statuary monitoring Stand 01.01.2007

Stand 31.12.2008

Technical monitoring organizations located in Brandenburg

Waste management associations located in Brandenburg

Experts located in Brandenburg

Approved educational institutions located in Brandenburg

391

362

Collection

292

265

Transportation

303

272

Storage

209

195

Handling

207

192

Recycling

112

Disposal

Procurement

Certified companies Of which certified according to activity

Trafficking

Source: LUA, 2009

Table 4-9

Number of certified waste management companies (31.12.2008)

Stand 31.12.2008

Total 362

Of which Firms with a monitoring contract from one of the four Brandenburg-based technical monitoring organizations

127

Firms located outside Brandenburg certified according to 23 TÜO

103

Waste management firms with membership of one of the two Brandenburg waste management associations

Number of companies in Brandenburg supervising the 10 waste management associations with its headquarters in a different state

Number of waste management companies supervised by the Brandenburg TÜO und EU in 11 further states

118

Certified exclusive transport firms

133

Source: LUA, 2009

Administrative procedures for waste transport to a foreign country The State Department of the Environment conducts the administrative procedures necessary for the transport of waste to a foreign country. Both German law and international agreements prescribe a notification procedure with the recipient state. This process has undergone very little change in recent years. → Table 4-10

Table 4-10

Transport permits The State Department of the Environment issues transport permits (TP) for the commercial transport of waste. It processes the administrative procedures entailed by the necessity of monitoring of statutory obligations e.g. police motorway controls. → Table 4-11

Administrative procedures for the transport of waste to a foreign country 2008

Notification procedures for transport in a third country

141

Of which decided

107

Of which processed, but not yet concluded (e.g. with withdrawal)

Decisions at customs / Federal Dept. of Freight Traffic (Bundesamt für Güterverkehr - BAG)

Decisions for the differentiation between waste / not waste

Decisions within the scope of notification procedures with incomplete use

Decisions regarding illegally imported waste which cannot be returned

Return procedures for illegally transported waste

Collation of data sheets for cross-border waste transport

rd. 15,000

Source: LUA, 2009

Table 4-11

Administrative action concerning transport permits 2007 2008

Transport permits

2007

2008

138

174

Initiation of regulatory offence procedures

Decisions upon controls BAG

198

267

Monitoring procedures, controls and administrative assistance

Source: LUA, 2009

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Authorization and Monitoring

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09

Air Quality and Noise Pollution

5.1 Air quality measurement network in Brandenburg 5.2 Pollution selected components and measurement points 5.3 Emissions from industry and traffic 5.4 Air-quality conservation 5.5 Environmental noise pollution

91 92 94 97 97

The State Department of the Environment monitors the pollution situation in Brandenburg. Broadly speaking, three systems are used: • The Telemetric Air Measurement Network in Brandenburg (Telemetrische Luftgütemessnetz Brandenburg TELUB), • Non-telemetric level measurements with particulate sampling (PM 10/PM 2.5-particulate with an aerodynamic particle diameter of <10/<2.5 μm (particulate matter 10/2.5)) including substance content, dust-fall capture • Individual measurements (special measurements with time restriction, often with mobile measurement facilities). This measurement system ensures the availability of the necessary pollution data to enable the implementation of precautionary and hazard prevention schemes. Moreover, it helps satisfy the high requirements made by the EU Air Quality Directive. The extent of pollution is determined by the amount of emissions, the conditions of pollutant discharge, the orographic and environmental conditions (e.g. buildings). The meteorological conditions, transport direction, thinning, eluviation and chemical conversion of the air impurities during transport are also of great importance.

5.1 Air quality measurement network in Brandenburg The automatic stationary air-quality measurement network in Brandenburg comprises 22 permanent telemetric measurement points, of which five are traffic related. These TELUB measurement points register over 2 million reading per year. Approx 2.2 million individual readings were generated in 2008. This included approx. • 160,000 readings for sulphur dioxide (SO2), • 350,000 measured values for PM10/PM2.5 • airborne particulates, • 390,000 measured values for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), • 110,000 measured values for carbon • monoxide (CO) and • 300,000 measured values for ozone (O3), Moreover, manual samples of airborne particulate taken at ten measurement points were investigated for metal traces, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), soot and ions. In addition, the concentration of benzene and other lightly volatile hydrocarbons were investigated at seven measurement points. Additionally, the dust deposits and their substance content were analysed at 19 measurement points. → Table 5-1

Table 5-1

Air analysis from the BerlinBrandenburg State Laboratory (Landeslabor Berlin-Brandenburg LLBB)

Airborne particulates PM10/2.5

hydrocarbons

dust deposits

3,650 Gravimetry

450 Benzene

220 Gravimetry

1,250 trace metals

450 Toluol

1,800 trace metals

2,100 PAH, 150 Soot

450 Xylol

200 PAH

950 Ions

6,000 further

Source: LUA, 2009

Further Information: Details regarding the current state and development of emissions and pollution can be found in the LUA Air-quality report. http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/5lbm1.c.124304.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Air Quality and Noise Pollution

Map. 5-1

Measurement stations for air-quality monitoring Messstationen zur Überwachung der Luftqualität

Uckermark Prignitz

OstprignitzRuppin

Wittenberge Neuruppin

Schwedt/Oder Neuglobsow Oberhavel

Barnim Bernau

Eberswalde MärkischOderland

Nauen Havelland

UBA-Messstation UBA measurement station verkehrsandund/oder / or traffic-related measurement bezogenestation Messstation Schwefeldioxid Sulphur dioxide Schwebstaub Airborne particulate matter

Hasenholz

Land Berlin

Measurement composition Messkomponenten

Rüdersdorf b. Berlin

Brandenburg an der Havel Potsdam KönigsWusterhausen

Lütte Potsdam-Mittelmark

TeltowFläming

Nitrogen dioxide Stickstoffdioxid

Frankfurt (Oder) Oder-Spree

DahmeSpreewald Spreewald

Kohlenmonoxid Carbon monoxide

Eisenhüttenstadt Cottbus

Ozone Ozon Meteorological parameters Meteorologische Parameter

Elbe-Elster Elsterwerda

Landesgrenze State border District border Kreisgrenze

OberspreewaldLausitz

SpreeNeiße Spremberg

Quelle: LUA, 2008

Source: LUA, 2009

5.2 Pollution: selected components and measurement points Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) It is not yet possible to fulfil the yearly average target for nitrogen dioxide of 40 μg/m3 (Micrograms per cubic metre) valid as of 2010 on the congested and often closely constructed city-centre streets. It was also not possible to maintain the current (and reduced) threshold values valid

Nitrogen dioxide concentrations at selected traffic measurement points (average yearly values)

Nitrogen dioxide (µg/m3)

Fig. 5-1

since 2000 (which fell from 60 μg/m3 to 44 μg/m3 2008) at the Potsdam transport measurement point on the Großbeerenstraße, recording a level of 47 μg/m3 (2007). The target was only just met in the Zeppelinstraße. Should the pollution reduction measures outlined in other Brandenburg clean air plans be implemented, maintenance of the threshold values for NO2 in 2010 is to be expected. → Fig. 5-1

Source: LUA, 2009

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Air Quality and Noise Pollution

PM10 Particulate Until 2006, the annual average values for PM10 particulate measured at the four permanently operated traffic measurement points registered a steady increase in pollution subject to not insignificant metrological influence. The local focus rested in the Bahnhofstraße in Cottbus, where the threshold values of 40 μg/ m3 had been exceeded until 2006 and the short-term threshold values (35 daily average > 50 μg/m3) were exceeded until 2008. → Fig. 5-2 Against the background of a continued wide-scale high PM10 level (especially with long-distance transport) and only restricted realization of the core measures in the urban clean air plans, and in view of the need to meet the PM10 threshold values by 2011 at the latest, it is very important that these plans be continued as prescribed by the new EU air-quality directive.

PM10 airborne particulate matter concentration at selected traffic measurement points

PM10 airborne particulate (µg/m3)

Fig. 5-2

Ozone Since 1993, the trend towards exceeding the ozone limits of 180 μg/m3 in hourly average for informing the public displays a generally regressive trend, even if the especially good photo-chemical by-products from the ozone formation highlight individual years such as 1994, the especially hot 2003 or the warm summer of 2006. In the reporting year, state-wide figures show only a one hour violation of the limit of 180 μg/m3 at every second measurement point per summer season. Nevertheless, the long-term, constant ozone pollution recorded at 14 of 17 measurement points still exceeds the three-year mean threshold value of a maximum of 25 days per year of 8 hour mean > 120 μg/m3 valid from 2010 (calculated for 2006–2008). → Fig. 5-3

Less than 90 % of the measured values available

Source: LUA, 2009

Mean number of days exceeding the ozone threshold value per measurement point (> 180 μg/m³ hourly mean)

days (d)

Fig. 5-3

Source: LUA, 2009

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Air Quality and Noise Pollution

Mean air impurity index (annual mean for Brandenburg) Air pollution index

Air impurity index

Fig. 5-4

Range over all measurement points

Mean index

Source: LUA, 2009

Air impurity index The compact (in terms of the parameters) „mean air pollution index“ analysed the state-wide pollution situation, revealing a significant decrease in pollution since 1993 from values of 1.0 (amounting to almost blanket exceedance of today’s threshold values for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen diox-

ide, ozone and PM10 airborne particles) to 0.4 in 2001.

5.3 Emissions from industry and traffic

2) Facilities not subject to statutory authorization – this applies above all to household combustion plant, small commercial facilities and municipal facilities. Also included in this category are small business such as petrol stations, chemical cleaning and textiles equipment facilities, paintshops, printers, roasting ovens, wood finishing and processing plant and traffic. → Fig. 5-5.1 → Fig. 5-5.2

The total emissions came from the emitter groups: 1) Facilities subject to statutory authorization – plants which according to the ordinance regulating statutory authorization, fulfil or exceed particular outputs which require authorization. This predominantly applies to industrial facilities.

Fig. 5-5.1

Methane (CH4)

Since then, it has remained at this level, with only meteorologically-conditioned fluctuations. (2006: 0.44; 2007: 0.38; 2008: 0.38). Following a nation-wide applied classification, index values between 0.25 and 0.5 can be classified in a average pollution level. ← Fig. 5-4

Development of the emissions of selected pollutants according to PRTR

Carbon monoxide (CO)

Nitrous oxide (N2O)

Ammonia (NH3)

Volatile organic bonds without methane (NMVOC)

Nitrogen oxide (NOx als NO2)

Sulphur oxide (SOx als SO2)

Source: LUA, 2009

Further Information: Air quality http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/bb2.c.515809.de High ozone figures http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/lbm1.c.334123.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Air Quality and Noise Pollution

Particulate matter (PM10)

Fig. 5-5.2

Development of Metals emissions according to PRTR

Arsenic and bonds (As)

Cadmium and bonds (Cd)

Chrome and bonds (Cr)

Copper and bonds (Cu)

Quicksilver and bonds (Hg)

Nickel and bonds (Ni)

Lead and bonds (Pb)

Zink and bonds (Zn)

PRTR Pollutant Release and Transfer Register: The European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register is a database registering pollutant release into the environment. It is entirely open to the public.

Source: LUA, 2009

Emissions from industrial and commercial facilities have fallen considerably: Action in the area of large-scale combustion facilities (enforcing strict pollutant threshold values by mid-1996 and subsequently their incremental decommissioning) and the successful programme of refitting old plant according to the Technical Instructions Air Quality, it was possible to reduce emission levels significantly in comparison to 1996. The commissioning of new industrial facilities was effected with modern, environmentally friendlier and energy-efficient technologies. As a result, Brandenburg’s air quality has undergone considerable improvement in recent years. A particularly strong decrease has been registered in dust and sulphur dioxide emissions. These emissions sank by 99 % (dust) and 94% (sulphur dioxide) between 1990 and 2000. As a result, emissions of the »classic« pollutants dust and sulphur dioxide amount to only a fraction of that emitted 10 years ago.Calculation of emissions and verification of the functionality, proper installation and calibration of the emissions facilities lie with the specialist bodies specified by the State Department of the Environment (measurement institutes).

Measures for the reduction of motor traffic emissions The reduction in industrial and commercial emissions achieved by the mid 1990s was partially balanced by a strong increase in road traffic. Measures designed to address emissions from traffic such as particulate matter thus form a focus of further programmes of environmental conservation. These programmes seek to improve public health and the quality of life as well as serving global climate protection and forest conservation. Traffic reduction can be achieved through traffic-reducing planning measures on both the state and regional level, through improvements in public transport and fuel prices which also take into account external costs (environmental tax). The model project »environmentally friendly traffic« from the Ministry for Rural Development, the Environment and Consumer Rights (MLUV) and the Ministry for Infrastructure and Planning (MIR) represents but one contribution made to reducing levels of car traffic. → Fig. 5-6

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Air Quality and Noise Pollution

Development of automotive-related emissions 2000–2007

CO2 emissions kt

Kilometrage / b. km

Fig. 5-6

freight haulage

* preliminary

passenger traffic

freight haulage

* preliminary

passenger traffic

freight haulage

* preliminary

passenger traffic

freight haulage

* preliminary

passenger traffic

freight haulage

* preliminary

Particle emissions kt

NOx emissions kt

Benzene emissions kt

passenger traffic

combustion

road dust re-suspension and natural draft * preliminary

Source: LUA, 2009

Further Information: Traffic emissions http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/lbm1.c.236635.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Air Quality and Noise Pollution

5.4 Air-quality conservation 10 municipal authorities have established an air-quality conservation plan / action plan to implement the EU airquality directive in Brandenburg. The short-term PM10 threshold values were exceeded at traffic-related measurement points in 2005 and 2006. A further three AQPs were established following a state-wide model calculation of the traffic-related PM10 pollution figures in Brandenburg towns. Tests of the measures taken within the scope of the AQP /AP show that reduction of local traffic-related pollution has the potential to achieve noticeable pollution reduction. A further, potentially effective measure could be traffic management / co-ordination (progressive signal system). → Map 5-2

Map 5-2

Air-quality conservation plan

Luftreinhalteplanung

Neuruppin

Oranienburg

Land Berlin

Nauen Brandenburg an der Havel

Potsdam

Eberswalde Bernau

Teltow

Frankfurt (Oder)

Implementation of the Luftreinhalteplan/Aktionsplan air-quality conservation plan / in Umsetzung action plan

Cottbus

Landesgrenze State border Quelle: LUA, 2008

Source: LUA, 2009

5.5 Environmental noise pollution The EU Environmental Noise Pollution Directive 2002 with its extensive regulatory apparatus was incorporated into German law in 2005. On this basis, Brandenburg drew up a noise pollution map with a concrete action plan for selected towns and municipalities to be implemented by 18/07/2008. Further cartographic and action plans are to be drawn up in five year intervals. A strategy paper for the noise pollution action plan in Brandenburg will assist the municipal authorities in implementing the measures. The plan is based on a city-wide perspective, integrating noise pollution reduction planning with traffic development, urban land-use planning and air-quality conservation planning.

Table 5-2

158 municipal authorities have been included within the scope of the noise pollution mapping scheme, as a traffic density of more than 6 million vehicles per year makes it almost inevitable that these areas are affected by environmental noise pollution. The following overview evaluates the municipal areas with high traffic concentrations (traffic concentrations of more than 6 million vehicles per year). It displays the number of affected inhabitants in each 5 db1 band. When considering the whole road and rail network, the actual effects of noise pollution and aircraft noise has not been investigated, but according to nation-wide calculations, is greatly higher. → Table 5-2

Progress of noise pollution mapping in the 158 municipal authorities investigated in Brandenburg

Number of municipal authorities with noise pollution Exclusively federal motorway

108

Exclusively federal, state or municipal roads

Federal motorways and federal, state or municipal roads

All roads

158

Number of the municipal authorities affected by noise pollution mapping with building close to the immediate source of noise pollution Exclusively federal motorways

Exclusively federal, state or municipal roads

Federal motorways and federal, state or municipal roads

All roads

132

Number of those affected (day, evening, night) Noise pollution index N DEN /dB(A) 2 Area of investigation

> 55 - 60

> 60 - 65

> 65 - 70

> 70 - 75

> 75

52,300

23,200

11,300

6,800

1,600

> 50 - 55

> 55 - 60

> 60 - 65

> 65 - 70

> 70

35,900

16,200

7,900

3,500

100

Number of those affected (night, 22 – 06.00) Noise pollution index N NIGHT /dB(A) 3 Area of investigation 1 3

5dB level band = noise pollution range over which 5 dB 2 noise pollution index N DEN /dB(A) = calculated speaking level throughout the whole day (24 h) noise pollution index N NIGHT /dB(A) = calculated speaking level at night-time (22– 06 h)

Source: LUA, 2007

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Air Quality and Noise Pollution

These municipal areas have produced 83 notifications to be sent to the European Commission within the framework of the noise pollution plan. In nation-wide comparison, this represents a very good return rate of 62 %. These 83 notifications comprised a total of 562 individual measures. Following their verification for applicability (municipal decision over noise pollution action plan, agreement with the road traffic authorities etc.), 441 measures to address noise pollution in Brandenburg were determined and the EU informed. 2008 – realization of step 1: • 257 measures have already been carried out. • 106 planned measures were developed independently of the noise pollution action plan. • 78 measures from 49 municipal authorities are based on the noise pollution action plan with municipal decisionmaking in agreement with the road traffic authorities. Target 2012 – realization of step 2: Halving the traffic-use of the road sections to be mapped (from 6 million to 3 million vehicles per year) has increased the number of municipal authorities affected to 258, producing double the length of road to be mapped to approx. 200,000 km. The programme of mapping focuses on the state capital Potsdam as a conurbation, as well as (and for the first time) the airport Berlin Brandenburg International (BBI) due to the increased flight activity.

Fig. 5-7

Noise pollution reduction potential

Improved road surface (repair of a damaged asphalt surface) Improved traffic flow (at 50 km/h) Improved traffic flow (at 30 km/h) Lower speed limits (30 km/h instead of 50 km/h on cobbles) Lower speed limits (30 km/h instead of 50 km/h on asphalt) Less traffic (reduction of the amount of traffic by 20%) Less traffic (reduction of the proportion assumed by freight traffic from 10 % to 5 % at 50 km/h) Less traffic (reduction of the proportion assumed by freight traffic from 10 % to 5 % at 30 km/h) Larger clearance between road and house (15 m instead of 12 m)

Minimal reduction

Maximum reduction

Source: LUA, 2009 according to www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/verkehr/ tempo30/download/tempo30_nachts_flyer.pdf

Further information regarding noise pollution mapping: Kartendienst: http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/bb2.c.428641.de Municipal noise pollution: http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/lbm1.c.335207.de#gemeinden

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Air Quality and Noise Pollution

Contaminated Areas and Soil Conservation 6.1 Contaminated areas 6.2 Constant soil monitoring 6.3 Nutrients and heavy metals in sewage sludge The state department of the environment processes the specialist conditions for preventative soil conservation updates the methodology of the contaminated soil processing in Brandenburg (specialist implementation of EU and federal law in state law). It initiates, supervises and provides support for innovatitve projects and technologies, especially for the reclamation of contaminated areas. The Technical Information System Contaminated Areas and Soil Conservation is essential for conducting these tasks. This creates independent preconditions for a unitary, state-wide approach as well as providing planning and investment security for investors and state authorities. The State Department of the Environment also acts as the responsible enforcement agency in processing contaminated ground owned by districts and independent cities. It also enables the specialist processing of other important environmental questions such as indicators of climate change, soil management appropriate to land use (e.g. material use in agriculture) and the re-use of contaminated areas, all of which are important to the environment. The work of the preparatory and aftertreatment of soil conservation pays special attention to data collection and evaluation regarding the general soil contamination situation and condition of the soil in Brandenburg.

6.1 Contaminated areas Table 6-1 illustrates the evaluation of the information gathered by the Technical Information System Contaminated Areas from the municipalities, independent cities and the State department for Mining, Geology and Raw Materials (Landesamt für Bergbau, Geologie und Rohstoffe LBGR). The reclaimed surfaces (around 3,800) compare to a further 1,500 sites established as being contaminated, and a further 20,000 potentially contaminated areas. The danger which these areas present has yet to be fully evaluated. Special attention is paid to continuing the risk assessment of the areas believed to pose a hazard and the reclamation of the areas designated as such. The development of the data collection and reclamation of contaminated areas in the period 1990–2008 displayed in → Fig. 6-1 makes clear that despite a constantly increasing number of reclaimed areas, the vast majority is still being processed or has yet to be addressed.

6 99 102 103

Definition (§ 2 BBodSchG) Dangerous alterations to the soil as defied by this piece of legislation involve restricted soil functions conducive to producing dangers, considerable disadvantage or those which have considerably adverse effects for the individual or the general public. This legislation defines potentially contaminated areas as those falling under suspicion of being subject to damaging soil alterations. This law defines contaminated areas as 1. Disused waste disposal plants and all other sites on which waste was processed, stored or deposited (old waste deposits) 2. Sites of disused facilities and other sites on which environmentally hazardous materials have been handled. Exceptions include those facilities whose de-commissioning requires authorization according to atomic legislation (abandoned industrial sites) which can result in dangerous alterations to the soil or other dangers for individuals or the general public. This law defines potentially contaminated areas as old waste deposits and abandoned industrial sites under suspicion of exhibiting damaging alterations to the soil or which pose other dangers for the individual or the general public.

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Contaminated Areas and Soil Conservation

Fig. 6-1

Evaluation of potentially or established contaminated areas and dangerous material alterations to the soil in the period 1990–2008

Total PCA / CA / areas without classification

Reclaimed areas

Source: LUA, 2009

Table 6-1

Progress in the evaluation of potentially or established dangerous material soil alteration in Brandenburg (as of August 2009)

Contaminated areas (CA)

Abandoned industrial sites

Contaminated areas

1,006

Old waste deposits Potentially contaminated areas (PCA)

432

Abandoned industrial sites

12,799

Old waste deposits

7,288

Total Dangerous material soil alteration

21,525

Potentially contaminated areas (PCA) Dangerous material soil alteration

216

Dangerous material soil alteration

Total

249

Total

22,142

Un-classified areas Reclaimed areas

149 Reclaimed areas

Abandoned industrial sites

1,503

Old waste deposits

2,280

Reclaimed areas of dangerous material soil alteration

Total

3,791 Source: LUA, 2009

Table 6-2 Responsible authority

State of survey and reclamation of contaminated areas in districts / independent cities (as of August 2009) Contaminated areas

Potentially contaminated areas

Reclaimed contaminated areas

Total

Teltow-Fläming

337

3,555

174

4,066

Spree-Neiße

2,122

2,245

Havelland

2,154

2,205

Dahme-Spreewald

1,784

1,951

Elbe-Elster

230

1,405

256

1,891 1,883

Barnim

1,741

105

Uckermark

1,244

440

1,735

Oder-Spree

842

728

1,582

Prignitz

1,063

1,143

Märkisch-Oderland

752

374

1,140

Potsdam-Mittelmark

117

644

168

929

Ostprignitz-Ruppin

338

395

761

Oberhavel

645

178

892

LBGR*

618

226

207

185

Oberspreewald-Lausitz

385

183

615

Cottbus

453

581

Potsdam

172

128

386

Frankfurt (Oder)

278

361

Brandenburg a.d.Havel

303

324

* Brandenburg State Department for Mining Geology and Raw Materials Source: LUA, 2009

100

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Contaminated Areas and Soil Conservation

Map 6-1

Contaminated areas and their proximity to water conservation areas

Altlasten

Uckermark

Prignitz

OstprignitzRuppin Oberhavel

Barnim

Havelland Märkisch-Oderland

Brandenburg an der Havel

Potsdam

Land Berlin Frankfurt (Oder)

PotsdamMittelmark

OderSpree DahmeSpreewald

TeltowFläming

Contaminated Altlasten areas Potentially contaminated Fläche areas Altlastverdächtige

Altlast Contaminated area Sanierte Altlast Reclaimed contaminated area

Oberspreewald Lausitz

Elbe-Elster

Water conservation area Wasserschutzgebiet

Cottbus

Spree-Neiße

Landesgrenze State border District border Kreisgrenze

Quelle: LUA, 2009 Source: LUA, 2009

Potentially contaminated areas / contaminated areas located in close proximity to drinking water protection zones (DWPZ)* pose a particular hazard. The great majority contaminated areas located in DWPZ’s show that in addition to the need to protect human health and soil, the ground-

Table 6-3

water is of particular relevance for the processing of contaminated areas. The cartographic overview illustrates the contaminated areas found in Brandenburg. ← Map 6-1 → Table 6-3

Number of contaminated areas in drinking water protected areas in Brandenburg

Type of area

Number of areas in drinking water protection zones (DWPZ) I

III

III A

III B

IV/1

Contaminated area – abandoned industrial site

159

IV/2 0

Contaminated area – old waste deposits

0 0

Potentially contaminated area – abandoned industrial site

1,367

164

104

Potentially contaminated area – old waste deposits

526

141

Reclaimed industrial site

258

Reclaimed waste deposit

Potentially contaminated site – dangerous material soil alteration

Dangerous material soil alteration

Reclaimed areas of dangerous material soil alteration

* See: Guidelines »Water conservation areas in Brandenburg« http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/bb2.c.542295.de Source: LUA, 2009

Further Information: Contaminated areas and und dangerous material soil alteration http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/bb2.c.500461.de 10th anniversary of the Federal Soil Conservation Act http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/bb2.c.550930.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Contaminated Areas and Soil Conservation

101

6.2 Constant soil monitoring Map 6-2

Areas of constant soil monitoring Boden-Dauerbeobachtungsflächen

4 6

1 32

Uckermark

Prignitz 3

OstprignitzRuppin

Oberhavel

9 11

12 15 Barnim

16 MärkischOderland

Havelland

Brandenburg an der Havel

20 21

Land Berlin

Potsdam

PotsdamMittelmark Boden-Dauerbeobachtung auf Constant of soil areas Flächen monitoring mit of agricultural use landwirtschaftlicher Nutzung

7 8

TeltowFläming

Ackerland Arable land

25 Oder-Spree

Crop land Grünland

DahmeSpreewald

naturschutzfachlicher Nutzung

Conservation use

im Biosphärenreservat Spreewald und

The Spreewald Biosphere Flusslandschaft Reservation and im Biosphärenreservat the Elbe River Landscape Biosphere Elbe Brandenburg Reservation Brandenburg

28 Elbe-Elster

Landesgrenze State border District border Kreisgrenze

Frankfurt (Oder)

Oberspreewald Lausitz

Cottbus 29 Spree-Neiße

Quelle: LUA, 2009

Source: LUA, 2009

The Federal Soil Conservation Act foresees constant soil monitoring as an instrument for the long-term monitoring of the state and function of soil. The state project is based on the concept developed by the Federal / State Working Group for the “establishment and operation of areas constant soil observation.” The physical, chemical and biological soil parameters as well as land management details were collected at defined intervals for 33 representative locations, especially those with an agricultural landuse. This data enables recognition of possible alterations, the extrapolation of development trends and facilitates sustainable soil conservation measures. Evaluation of the interactive influencing of the state of the soil (e.g. humus content soil biology) and climate are gaining increasing significance and are having an effect in the design of the programme of investigation. Two areas subject to constant soil monitoring were incorporated into the nature conservation project “Dike Retreat on the Elbe at Lenzen” in 2008. In addition to the desired nature-conservation changes relevant to the revival of the floodplain location, the soil will also be affected by future flooding.

The constant monitoring programme investigates selected parameters to promote sustainable soil use and soil function retention. Aspects of soil fertility (determined via measurement of the organic storage of carbons) are just as significant for the humus balance and micro-biological biomass in relation to substance conversion and nutrient release as the investigation of damaging soil alterations, for example via aggregation of the soil or pollution with heavy metals (e.g. lead). The soil characteristics in fig. 6-2 show a clear dependence on the location characteristics according to the medium-scale agricultural cartography (Mittelmaßstäbiger Landwirtschaftlicher Kartierung – MMK locations). → Fig. 6-2

Further Information: Constant soil monitoring in Brandenburg http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/5lbm1.c.178215.de http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/178650

102

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Contaminated Areas and Soil Conservation

Average values of the physical, chemical and biological parameters of the top soil of various MMK* location groups

Fig. 6-2

Moor

Sand – deep loam

Sand (close to groundwater)

Deep loam (waterlogged)

Meadow clay

Deep loam

Sand (distant from groundwater)

Deep loam (waterlogged)

Meadow clay

Sand deep loam

Sand (close to groundwater)

Deep loam

Moor

Density (g/m³)

Organically stored carbons (%TM)

Lead (mg/kgTM)

Microbial biomass (μgCbiom/gTM)

Deep loam

Sand (distant from groundwater)

Sand (groundwater distant)

Sand – deep loam

Deep loam (waterlogged)

Sand (close to groundwater)

Deep loam (waterlogged)

Deep loam

Moor

Meadow clay

* Medium-scale agricultural cartography (MMK) Source: LUA, 2009

6.3 Nutrients and heavy metals in sewage sludge At present, 20% of the sewage sludge generated during sewage treatment is put to use on agricultural land. In terms of its nutritional content, the sewage sludge generated in Brandenburg and used in agriculture between 1993–

Fig. 6-3

2008 displays slightly increasing levels of nutrients (phosphor, nitrogen) and constant levels of organic substance. → Fig. 6-3

nutrients, organic substance and dry substance content of sewage sludge

Total nitrogen (g/kg TS)

Ammonium nitrates (g/kg TS)

Dried substances (%)

Organic substances in TS (%)

Phosphate (g/kg TS)

Source: LUA, 2009

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Contaminated Areas and Soil Conservation

103

Farmland with sewage sludge spread on it registers heavy metal content below the levels prescribed by the Federal Soil Conservation Ordinance. The use of sewage sludge may not be permitted to cause any long-term soil contamination on consumer protection and soil and water conservation grounds. The need for sustainably healthy food pro-

Fig. 6-4

duction requires action to prevent soil pollution. The operators of sewage works and farmers work together with the relevant authorities to ensure that the practices of wastewater treatment and sewage sludge monitoring and use undercut the minimum legal sewage sludge threshold values. → Fig. 6-4

Threshold value exploitation via heavy metals in the sewage sludge

Zinc

Copper

Lead

Cadmium

Source: LUA, 2009

104

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Contaminated Areas and Soil Conservation

Waste

7.1 Municipal waste 7.2 Dangerous waste 7.3 Landfill site management

105 109 111

7.1 Municipal waste The municipal waste balance 2008 in Brandenburg provides a detailed overview of waste generation and its disposal by the municipal refuse-disposal agencies. It provides comparison with the most important data from the previous year, as well as highlighting long-term tendencies. It enables the municipalities and interested general public to compare the type, amount, origin and destination of the waste disposed of by the municipalities. The total amount of waste left for municipal disposal has risen by 1% in comparison with the previous year. → Table 7-1 The main cause was the increased levels of building waste. In contrast, the specific amount of solid municipal waste per inhabitant (I) has fallen by 6%.

Table 7-1 Main group 2007 2008

Comparison of waste generation 2007/2008 by main group (t) 2007

2008

Solid municipal waste

596,754

560,523

Scrap

260,178

252,023

Problem materials Building waste Other waste Secondary waste Total

1,897

1,623

382,136

485,825

46,189

75,273

245,879

165,491

1,533,032

1,540,758

Source: LUA, 2009

Tables 7-2 to 7-2 show that the district of Ostprignitz-Ruppin disposed of the smallest amount of municipal waste per household inhabitants. The district of Potsdam-Mittelmark produced the lowest per capita amount, and the district of Spree-Neiße generated the lowest amount of bulky waste. Cottbus generated the highest amount of municipal waste (220 kg/E) and household waste (190 kg/E). The greatest amount of bulky waste from households was generated in the district of Ostprignitz-Ruppin. Although the landfill sites marked for closure in 2009 still stored relatively large amounts of waste, the amount of waste deposited has fallen by 43% since 2004. A large proportion of the municipal waste could be used directly (e.g. composted). A third of the waste produced was deposited in residual waste management facilities for later use as energetic or material use. The excess waste is then to be disposed of. → Fig. 7-1

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Waste

105

Table 7-2

Household waste in Brandenburg 2008

Municipal refusedisposal agencies

Household waste in Brandenburg 2008

Table 7-3

Total household waste generation 2008

Municipal refuse organization

Household waste generation 2008

(t)

(kg/E)

(t)

(kg/E)

Ostprignitz-Ruppin

13,397

127

Potsdam-Mittelmark

20,400

100

Potsdam-Mittelmark

28,467

139

AEV “Schwarze Elster”

20,546

103

AEV “Schwarze Elster”

28,844

144

Ostprignitz-Ruppin

10,817

103

Märkisch-Oderland

28,103

147

Märkisch-Oderland

22,751

119

Spree-Neiße

19,361

147

Spree-Neiße

15,738

119

Havelland

24,798

160

Frankfurt (Oder)

7,672

124

Oder-Spree

30,742

164

Havelland

19,529

126

Prignitz

13,994

165

Prignitz

11,637

137

Oberhavel

33,797

167

Oberhavel

27,673

137

Frankfurt (Oder)

10,737

174

Oder-Spree

26,025

139 150

Barnim

31,508

178

SBAZV

40,975

Uckermark

24,032

179

KAEV “Niederlausitz”

14,005

151

KAEV “Niederlausitz”

16,704

180

Brandenburg an der Havel

11,211

154

SBAZV

51,541

189

Barnim

28,216

159

Brandenburg an der Havel

14,388

198

Uckermark

21,369

159

Potsdam

31,602

208

Potsdam

28,612

189

Cottbus

22,465

220

Cottbus

19,396

190

424,480

167

Brandenburg

346,572

136

Brandenburg

Municipal refuse organization South Brandenburg Waste Association

Source: LUA, 2009

Table 7-4

Source: LUA, 2009

Household bulky waste in Brandenburg 2008

Municipal refuse organization

Bulky waste 2008 (t) 3,292

Märkisch-Oderland

2,990

Barnim

2,663

Oder-Spree

2,580

Oberhavel

4,717

Brandenburg an der Havel

3,623

KAEV »Niederlausitz«

2,358

Havelland

5,352

Potsdam

2,699

AEV »Schwarze Elster«

3,068

Prignitz

6,123

Frankfurt (Oder)

5,268

Uckermark

10,566

SBAZV

8,067

Cottbus

8,298

Potsdam-Mittelmark

3,178

Ostprignitz-Ruppin

3,064

Brandenburg

77,908

Source: LUA, 2009

106

(kg/E)

Spree-Neiße

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Waste

Fig. 7-1

Solid municipal waste and scrap in Brandenburg in kg/E

Scrap dual system

Scrap municipal waste organizations Other solid municipal waste Bulky waste Commercial waste similar to household waste

Household waste

Commercial waste similar to household waste

Bulky waste

Other solid municipal waste

Scrap municipal waste organizations

Scrap dual system

Source: LUA, 2009

Secondary waste 165

Problem materials 2

Building waste 486

Other waste 75

Scrap 252

Other forms of disposal 12

Solid municipal waste 561

Thermal treatment 36

Amount of waste and disposal routes taken by the municipal waste-disposal agencies in Brandenburg 2008 in 1,000 t (figures rounded)

Energetic use 53

Fig. 7-2

Residual waste processing 534

Composting 79

Direct dumping 638

Other use 173

Dump construction 18

Interim storage 2

Total quantities processed by the agencies 1,541

Further external treatment 53 Dumping following treatment 115 Loss to rotting 101 MVA 25

Energetic use 237

Source: LUA, 2009

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Waste

107

The average fees for private households have fallen marginally for the first time since 2003, amounting to 48 € per inhabitant (€/I). This was made possible by a reduction in costs for pre-treatment and waste recycling. → Fig. 7-3 With fees of 34 €/I in 2008, the district of Barnim registered the lowest costs per inhabitant; with 70 €/I, the town of Brandenburg levied the highest fees. → Fig. 7-4 Varying levels of fees do not enable us to draw any conclusions regarding the efficiency of the different agencies. The differences in the fees levied result from the specific local design and organization of the waste disposal, different contract forms, different transport costs, different ser-

Fig. 7-3

vice-provision in terms of scope and quality, differences in investment and costs for the maintenance and re-cultivation of landfill sites. Moreover, the fees actually levied can differ strongly from those specified in → Fig. 7-4. The actual level of the fees depends on the criteria specified in the fee schedule. These include the services actually claimed, the size of the household, variability of the container size and collection intervals. Householders can reduce the amount of fees they pay by taking full advantage of all the methods of waste reduction. This includes waste-avoidance, the division of recyclable waste and composting.

Average inhabitant-specific fees (€) for private households in Brandenburg 1999–2008

Source: LUA, 2009

Fig. 7-4

Average inhabitant-specific fees (€) for household waste disposal within the catchment areas of the various waste-disposal agencies in Brandenburg 2008

Source: LUA, 2009

108

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Waste

7.2 Dangerous waste A total of 823,200 t of dangerous waste was recorded in Brandenburg in 2008. This represents an increase of approx 95,000 t in comparison to the previous year. The recycling quota amounted to 32 % (2007:38 %). The quantitive increase was largely due to increased quantities of contaminated mineral building waste, due greatly to the extension of the inland waterways in Brandenburg. → Fig. 7-5

Development of other dangerous waste and contaminated mineral building waste in Brandenburg 1999–2008

(t)

Fig. 7-5

The Brandenburg disposal facilities processed approx. 1,013,200 t of dangerous waste, almost the same amount as the previous year. The recycling quota amounted to 37% (2007: 38 %). 71 % of the dangerous waste disposed of in Brandenburg originated from the joint disposal areas Berlin-Brandenburg. → Table 7-5

Contaminated mineral building waste

Other dangerous waste

Source: LUA, 2009

Table 7-5

Dangerous waste disposed of in Brandenburg 2007 and 2008

divided by area of origin in 1,000 t

2007

2008

Brandenburg

416.3

423.5

Berlin

283

296.2

Saxony Anhalt

139

119.1

Saxony

29.8

36.3

Hamburg

21.6

5.6

Lower Saxony

17.1

24.1

Other states

38.5

52.9

Abroad

68.6

55.5

1,013.9

1,013.2

Total waste disposal

Source: LUA, 2009

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Waste

109

Fig. 7-6

Dangerous waste generated and disposed of in Brandenburg

Waste generated outside Brandenburg 589,000 t

Waste generated in Brandenburg 823,000 t

Of which from Berlin 296,000 t

424,000 t

Other states 238,000 t Abroad 55,000 t Disposal outside Brandenburg 399,000 t Of which Berlin 79,000 t

Disposal in Brandenburg 1,013,000 t

Other states 309,000 t Abroad 11,000 t

Source: LUA, 2009

Map 7-1

Dangerous waste flows 2008

Ströme der gefährlichen Abfälle 2008

SchleswigHolstein 11,2 16,2 Hamburg 6,4 5,6 0,6

MecklenburgVorpommern 91,7 5,5

Bremen 4,3

Nieder- 25,0 sachsen 24,1 11,6 NordrheinWestfalen 12,6

2,3

36,3

Thüringen 2,6

42,4 36,3 Sachsen

RheinlandPfalz Saar0,6 land 0,6 2,6

Abfallströme Waste flows in 1,000 in 1.000 Mg Mg

1,3 1,9 BadenWürttemberg

National border Ländergrenze Federal border Staatsgrenze Quelle: LUA, 2009 Source: LUA, 2009

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Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Waste

Bayern

79,5

296,2 Brandenburg

Sachsen-119,1 Anhalt

3,3 Hessen

Berlin 66,2

12,6

4,3

11,0 55,5 Ausland

7.3 Deponiebewirtschaftung Following exhaustion of the recycling potential of waste and any necessary pre-processing, landfilling represents the last phase in the disposal of waste. A drawback however is that landfill sites cannot be used for other purposes in the long-term. The environmental effects of old landfill sites necessitate complicated, long-term post-closure maintenance. For this reason, one of the most important waste-management targets is the significant reduction of the quantity and harmfulness of waste and the reduction of new landfill site construction to a minimum. In 2008, the

61 landfill sites have been closed in Brandenburg since 1992. A further seven sites were closed in 2009 alone. This represents a total decline of 90%. In the future, only seven landfill sites will be operated all fulfilling extremely stringent environmental standards. → Fig. 7-8

Waste deposited in landfill sites by Brandenburg’s municipal waste-disposal agencies 1992–2008

in millions of tonnes

Fig. 7-7

municipal refuse-disposal agencies in Brandenburg disposed only approx. 20 % of the waste thus disposed of in 1992. The ban on disposing untreated municipal waste in 2005 represented a significant measure in serving to effect this reduction. The waste now deposited causes very low levels of long-term emissions. → Fig. 7-7

Building waste

Solid municipal waste

Secondary waste

Other waste

Source: LUA, 2009

Fig. 7-8

Number of land-fill sites in Brandenburg (not including company landfill sites)

Source: LUA, 2009

Further Information: Waste management report www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/109373#Abfall Mengenbilanz www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/lbm1.c.205417.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Waste

111

112

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09

Environmental indicators

Since 2000/01, working within the framework of the Brandenburg programme “Sustainable Development“, and in co-operation with the departments of agriculture, forestry and health, the State Department of the Environment updates specialist and inter-media sourced data for environmental indicators in Brandenburg. In terms of their methodology, the environmental indicators used in Brandenburg are almost identical with the core indicators recommended by the Joint State Core Indicators (Länderinitiative Kernindikatoren, LIKI) for nation-wide documentation of sustainable development. Energy productivity Energy productivity is a measure of the efficiency of energy consumption. This indicator does not display any unitary trend for Brandenburg. The figures for 2007 and 2008 are based on preliminary estimates. As the basis data is not affected by temperature, weathering influences can produce annual variation. The economic structure also has an influence on energy productivity (energyintensive production or services). → Fig. 8-1 After declining in 2003 and 2004, the level of Primary energy consumption has risen to over 670 PJ. Energy consumption stabilized at this level in 2007 and 2008; nevertheless, the data for the last two years are based only on preliminary estimates.

Energy productivity in Brandenburg

Millions of Euros per Petajoule (PJ)

Fig. 8-1

Source: LUA, 2009

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Environmental indicators

113

With the increase in the share of renewable energies in primary energy consumption to 10.4% within three years (measured against 2003) this represents an increase of almost 50%. This was achieved by the rapid expansion in the exploitation of wind energy and an increasing use of Biomass. ← Fig. 8-2

Energy consumption and the share of renewable energy since 1990

Share of renewable energy in %

Primary energy consumption in Petajoules per year

Fig. 8-2

Private households and small-scale consumers are responsible for a not inconsiderable share in the total energy consumption and thus the energy-related carbon-dioxide emissions. This area has a savings potential made possible through the use of more efficient energy use in order to counter the increasing trend of individual energy consumption (e.g. stand-by devices). → Fig. 8-3

Primary energy consumption

Share of renewable energy

Source: LUA, 2009

Energy consumption of private households and small-scale consumers since 1990

Petajoules per year

Fig. 8-3

Source: LUA, 2009 – Data 2007 and 2008 are based upon preliminary estimates

Emissions Road traffic caused some 90% of the traffic-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Almost every year since 1999 saw a slight annual reduction in emissions produced in the context of slightly falling road-traffic figures. 2007 and 2008 did not continue this trend. It should be noted howev-

114

er, that this data is the result of preliminary estimates. It should also be taken into account that these indicators only include the fuel purchased in Brandenburg. Emissions resulting from fuel purchased outside the state (e.g. from petrol tourism to Poland) were not taken into account. → Fig. 8-4

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Environmental indicators

Carbon dioxide emission from traffic since 1990

CO2 emissions in M. t/a

CO2 emissions from road traffic in M. t/a

Fig. 8-4

Traffic

Road traffic

Source: LUA, 2009

Nature conservation expanses Areas subject to strict conservation protection include the conservation areas (Naturschutzgebiet MSG), the National Park and the Core Areas of the Biosphere Reservations. These areas provide important areas of retreat for rare and sensitive species. They are of decisive importance for maintaining biodiversity. Since 2005, 7.2% of Branden-

Ecological agriculture 10% of Brandenburg agriculturally-cultivated land surface is farmed using ecological practices. → Fig. 8-6

Conservation areas and the share of Brandenburg‘s land surface1992–2008

Area of conservation in h/a

Proportion of the state land surface in %

Fig. 8-5

burg’s total land surface has been declared as a conservation area. This represents a 50% increase in comparison to 1997 (see chapter 1 page 9). → Fig. 8-5

Source: LUA, 2009

6 Development of ecological farming 1992–2008

% of the agricultural area

Fig. 8-6

Source: Ministry for Rural Development, the Environment and Consumer Protection 2009

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Environmental indicators

115

This sustainable management practices increases the natural fertility of the soil and protects the waterbodies through not using chemical pesticides and synthetic fertilizers. Both factors make a contribution to maintaining biodiversity. Unfortunately, it was not possible to increase this level, itself significantly higher than the national average. ← Fig. 8-6 Groundwater quality The quality of groundwater is reduced through the addition of materials. Nitrogen and fertilizers often produces an increased nitrate content, which if used as drinking water, can bring adverse consequences for human health. The

Fig. 8-7

proportion of measurement points registering values in excess of the EU quality standard of 50 mg nitrate / L has stabilized at 8% since 2004 and in 2008 sunk to almost 7%. The quality target set for Brandenburg was a maximum value of 25 mg/l. This is still exceeded at 12% of the measurement points (row 2). → Fig. 8-7 Municipal waste generation The amount of waste generated is an indicator for an environmentally-friendly, sustainable attitude to the use of nonrenewable resources. The per capita generation of municipal waste has sunk constantly since 1999. → Fig. 8-8

Nitrate content of the groundwater 1997–2008

% Measurement points > 50 ml/l NO3

% Measurement points > 25 ml/l NO3

Source: LUA, 2009

Development of municipal waste generation in Brandenburg 1999–2008

Kg per inhabitant

Fig. 8-8

Source: LUA, 2009

Further Information: Environmental indicators http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/bb2.c.511930.de

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Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Environmental indicators

Public relations

9.1 Public relations in the large conservation areas 9.2 Environmental education and Nature tourism 9.3 State education centres for nature and the environment 9.4 State Ecology Library 9.5 Exhibitions, events, publications, International partnerships

117 118 119 120 121

9.1 Public relations in the large conservation areas Map 9-1

Visitor information in the large conservation areas

Großschutzgebiete, Besucherzentren

A 20

Prenzlau

Lenzen Elb e

Wittstock

Pritzwalk

Menz

Naturpark StechlinRuppiner Land

Wittenberge Rühstädt

Biosphärenreservat Flusslandschaft Elbe Brandenburg

Naturpark Uckermärkische Lychen Seen

A 19

A 24

Templin

Biosphärenreservat Schorfheide-Chorin

A 24 RE 4

Brandenburg an der Havel A2

Werder (Havel)

Eberswalde RE 3

A 10

Have

Criewen

Naturpark Märkische Straus- Schweiz

Bernau

Nauen RE 2

Breitlingsee

Naturpark Barnim

Oranienburg

Milow

A 11

RE 5

RE 6

Rathenow

Nationalpark Unteres Odertal

Anger- Schwedt/ Oder münde

Joachimsthal

Neuruppin

Naturpark Westhavelland

A 11

Potsdam Schwielowsee

A 115

Land Berlin

Od er

berg

NE 26

Waldsieversdorf RE 1

Ludwigsfelde

Fürstenwalde/ Spree

Sp ree

Frankfurt (Oder)

A 12

KönigsStorkow Naturpark Wusterhausen RE 7 EisenhüttenBeeskow Glauer Tal Hoher Belzig stadt Naturpark Naturpark Fläming A9 Dahme-Heideseen Wirchensee Nuthe-Nieplitz Raben RE 5

Luckenwalde

RE 2

RE 3

A 13

Jüterbog

reservat Spreewald

Höllberghof/ Langengrassau

Landesgrenze State border Quelle: LUA, 2009

Herzberg (Elster)

Naturpark Niederlausitzer Bad Heidelandschaft Liebenwerda

Lübbenau Burg Cottbus

Wanninchen Fürstlich Drehna A 13 Finsterwalde

A 15

Senftenberg

Forst (Lausitz)

Talsperre Spremberg

ße ei

Beobachtungseinrichtung Observation facilities

Guben RE 11

Visitor information Besucherinformation

Naturpark Niederlausitzer Landrücken

Naturpark Schlaubetal

SchwieSchlepzig lochsee Lübben Biosphären-

Spremberg

Lauchhammer Elsterwerda

Source: LUA, 2009

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Public relations

117

Federal horticultural exhibition 2009 (Bundesgartenschau BUGA) in Schwerin – the UNESCO biosphere reservation

Daytime in the Spreewald cultural landscape

Presentation of old potato types from the Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reservation at the BUGA

In 2009, the Elbe River Landscape Biosphere Reservation and the Schorfheide-Chorin and Spreewald Biosphere Reservations exhibited their work with Biosphere weeks and other local events within the scope of the nation-wide “Biosphere Reservation Year 2009). They also organized a joint appearance at the BUGA in Schwerin.

With the 30th anniversary of the foundation of the first German biosphere reservation, this themed year aimed to publicize the impulses which these organizations provide for sustainable regional development. Politicians and the general public were also shown the rural beauty and biodiversity of these areas.

9.2 Environmental education and Nature tourism

gebiete) and its description of the 15 national natural landscapes found in Brandenburg is currently available in German, English and Polish. The 2009 brochure lists more than 300 events, almost a third of which are available throughout the year or during the tourist season.

With the continuation of the state tourism concept 20062010, Brandenburg has focussed on nature and cultural tourism. The International Tourism Exhibition 2009 (Internationalen Tourismus Börse ITB) was taken as the opportunity to develop and present the Guidelines for the Development of Nature Tourism, aimed at tour guides seeking to develop their product range in the area of nature tourism. The brochure “In NaTour – Brandenburg’s Large Conservation Area” (Lust auf NaTour – Brandenburgs Großschutz

visitor numbers to the large-scale conservation areas NP = nature park BR = Biosphere Reserve

visitors

Fig. 9-1

Visitor number to the visitor centres at the Brandenburg large conservation areas rose constantly 2004-2008. With almost 180,000 in 2008, the exhibitions and services provided by the visitor centre experienced a 30 % rise in demand in comparison to 2004. → Fig. 9-1

Source: LUA, 2009

Further Information: National nature landscapes http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/lbm1.c.323193.de Services http://www.luis.brandenburg.de/n/gsg/N7100030/ Ordering address for publications infoline@lua.brandenburg.de)

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Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Public relations

9.3 State education centre for nature and the environment Up to 5000 visitors per year take part in more than 100 events with around 300 event days in the LUA state education centre located on the Oderberg at Lebus. → Tab. 9-1 The LUA education centre hosts single or

Tab.9-1

multi-day education and training courses relating to topics of sustainable development and environmental conservation, both in Brandenburg and across the nation. → Tab. 9-2 → Tab. 9-3

Overview of events 2002–2008/09

Number

2002

2004

2006

2007

2008

Event days

217

208

210

211

184

120

Participants

4,060

5,109

2,637

2,802

2,230

1,662

Participant days

5,570

7,031

4,546

4,950

4,114

4,977

Multi-day events

Total number of events

121

113

111

Of which German-Polish

as of Oct. 2009

Source: LUA, 2009

Tab.9-2

Seminar topics 2008/09

Event topics, seminar information 2008 / 2009 ordered by subject

Number of events 2008

Number of events 2009 (as of October)

Nature and landscape conservation

Water

Technical environmental protection

German-Polish events Interreg IIIa

- Environmental training days with children and teenagers - Training days for staff from the large conservation area - Training schemes from certified nature and landscape conservation leaders

Other

Total

Source: LUA, 2009

More than 4000 visitors come to the “Adonisröschenfest” every April Views of the centre

View of the OderBergStation

Further Information: State education centre http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/lua/lebus Courses of further training http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/lbm1.c.392118.de

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Public relations

119

Tab.9-3

Highlights of the events calendar 2008/09

Training from certified German-Polish nature and landscape leaders National convention of the network EU-LIFE Projects Tree conservation in Brandenburg following the lapse of the Tree Protection Ordinance Further training for engineering consultants, nature conservation, water and soil authorities on the topic of “fish ladders” (reconstruction, dam construction and barrages) Water Framework Directive and Natura 2000 Cross-border projects: Sustainable raw materials International outdoor exhibition “Sztuka na Granicy- Art on the Border” (2008) „Adonisröschenfest“ / Open Day 2008 with the opening of the “Oder Berg Station“ German-Polish excursion days 2009: “Cultivated plants on either side of the Oder“ Practice seminar “Dry grass maintenance” in co-operation with the Collegium Polonicum Energy consultation and consumer protection Small sewage plants and water-hazardous substances Nation-wide bearded reedling programme – training programme for ornithologists and bat researchers and trainees.

Source: LUA, 2009

9.4 State Ecology Library Tab.9-4

Stock and facilities

Approx. 70,000 holdings 190 journals 120 loose-leaf collections Laws - EU, FRG, Brandenburg, former DDR and Prussia Technical regulations (DIN, VDI, VDE, etc.) 450 videos and countless DVDs (ecology and environment) 20 CD-ROM’s internet access, Relating especially to environmental, employment and administrative law Diverse topographic and thematic maps 60,000 monographs Facilities Reading room, open access stock, five reading places and photocopying Reading and microfiche re-enlargement facilities (reader printer) CD ROM / Online work station Electronic catalogue (OPAC) DIN catalogue on CD ROM

Source: LUA, 2009

LUA employees studying specialist literature

Further Information: State Ecology Library http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/lbm1.c.215358.de E-mail address landesumweltbibliothek@lua.brandenburg.de

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Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Public relations

9.5 Exhibitions, events, publications, international partnerships Tab.9-5

LUA exhibitions (selection)

National natural landscapes in Brandenburg – 15 regional exhibitions CITES – Species conservation and trade / 2008 Open-air exhibition OderBergStation Oderberge Lebus, 2008 Water in Brandenburg - river landscapes, marsh areas, lakes / 2008 EU Water Framework Directive / 2006 Water-quality structure in Brandenburg / 2003 EU Water Framework Directive / 2003 Water-quality structure map Berlin / Brandenburg / 2002 Selected forest and wetlands in Brandenburg / 2002 Landscape water balance in Brandenburg / 2001 Invasive animals – racoons, racoon dogs, American Mink / 1999 Osprey – portrait – lifestyle / 1999 Fire-bellied toad – distribution, lifestyle / 1998 The bat - population, lifestyle, endangered nature, protective bat box / 1998 Flood exhibition – dike damage, reclamation, tree-growth, retention areas, Reclamation of the Oder dike / 1997

Source: LUA, 2009

Tab.9-6

Events, LUA presentations Conventions (selection)

Conventions (selection)

location and date

Water levels and climate change

Potsdam, März 2008

The response to noise pollution

Potsdam, April 2008

Moor conservation

Lübben / Treppendorf, May 2008

3. Panke day

Berübau, May 2008 and Berlin, 2009

Improving the landscape water balance

Joachimsthal, September 2008

WFD – water body development concepts

Werder/Tauche, November 2008

Biogas Convention

Potsdam, November 2008 and 2009

Soil Day 2008, presentation of the Soil protection mobile (BodenschutzMobil)

Groß Glienicke, November 2008

Convention: 10th anniversary of the Federal Soil Conservation Act

Potsdam, June 2009

National Park Conference Lower Oder Valley

Schwedt, November 2008

Autumn Convention of the Elbe River Landscape Biosphere Reservation

Wittenberge, November 2008

Academic Congress of the Spreewald Biosphere Reservation

Lübbenau, November 2008, Burg, September 2009

Regional Nature Conservation Day at the Dahme-Heideseen Nature Park

Prieros September 2008, Storkow September 2009

Grünlandtag at the Niederlausitz Heath Landscape Nature Park

Maasdorf, March 2009

Academic Congress of the Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reservation

Angermünde, March 2009

Nature Conservation Day at the Stechlin-Ruppiner Land Nature Park

Menz, February 2008 and 2009

Nature Conservation Day at the Uckermärkische Seen Land Nature Park

Templin, November 2009

State Department of the Environment presentation at public exhibitions and events (selection) Internationale Grüne Woche

Berlin, 2008, 2009

Internationale Tourismusbörse

Berlin, 2008, 2009

Adonisblütenfest

Landeslehrstätte Lebus, 2008, 2009

Brandenburg Agricultural Exhibition (Brandenburgische Landwirtschaftsausstellung BRALA)

Paaren in Glien, 2008, 2009

Conference of the Ministers of the Environment

Mainz, 2008

Grüne Liga Environmental Festival

Berlin, 2008, 2009

Open day at the Federal Government

Berlin, 2008

Brandenburg Travel and Leisure Market

Berlin, 2008, 2009

Open day at the State Chancellery

Potsdam, Juli 2009

Source: LUA, 2009

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Public relations

121

Tab.9-7

LUA publications 2008/09

Frequently requested publications

Editor

Broschure “Lust auf NaTour” with activities throughout the year

LUA, annual

Journal Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege (NuL)

LUA, annual, 4 special issues

Red List and List of Brandenburg breeding birds

LUA, 2008, special edition NuL

Mammals in Brandenburg, Vol 1: Bats

LUA, 2008, issue 2/3 NuL

Poster: Protected species, leaflets about National Natural landscapes in Brandenburg

LUA, annual

Habitat maps Part 1 and Part 2

LUA, 2001 and 2006

Swimming locations in Brandenburg (map)

MLUV/LUA, annual

Living with the beaver

LUA, Mai 2008

Ecological characterization of the most important breeding grounds for water fowl in Brandenburg

LUA, 2008, Vol 57 studies and convention reports

The night bats – Bat protection in Brandenburg

MLUV, 2008

Species protection programme fire-bellied toad and tree frog

MLUV/LUA, 2009

The great Bustard - Brandenburg’s Ostrich

LUA, 2009

CITES – Stop the Sell-Out of the Species

LUA 2008

Environmental declaration of the State Department of the Environment Brandenburg

LUA, 2009

State Department of the Environment (LUA Landesumweltamt) MLUV – Ministry for Rural Development, the Environment and Consumer Rights Ordering address: infoline@lua.brandenburg.de

Source: LUA, 2009

Tab.9-8

International Partnerships

International Partnership

Partner country

Activities

German-Polish Border Waterbody Commission

Poland

Co-operation in five working groups: W1 Hydrology/Hydrogeology, W2 Water conservation, W3 Exceptional impurities, W4 Maintenance of the border waterbodies W5 Waterbody planning

International Commission for Conservation of the Oder

Poland

Co-operation in the working groups Management plan / Monitoring (-systems), Data management (GIS, HWSGIS), Flood protection, implementation of the action plan

International Commission for Conservation of the Elbe

Czech Republic

Co-operation for the implementation of the flood-protection action plan

International co-operation for the protection of endangered species

Member-states of the MOU (Memorandum of Understanding)

Co-operation for the implementation of international measures for the protection and re-introduction of the Great Bustard, the Lesser Spotted Eagle (chick management), tree-nesting peregrines, Osprey, Aquatic Warbler

Twinning project, partnership agreements for the conservation of the European natural and cultural landscape.

Netherlands

Partnership for implementing measures in accordance with the WFD and Natura 2000

International working groups for the treatment of contaminated ground / soil conservation

Switzerland Austria

Partnership programmes for soil conservation, especially the reclamation of contaminated land and damaging soil alterations

Membership of the UMK IMPEL network since 1998

Federal-State working group for optimizing the implementation of European environmental legislation and consultation between the enforcement agencies in topic-related events and concrete projects.

Poland, Wojewodschaft, Lebuser Land

German-Poland conventions, popular-science literature

European Network for the application, implementation of the IMPEL environmental legislation

Continuation of the INTERREG III A German-Polish partnership in environmental education

German-Polish environmental education including the OderBergStation, ecological camps, project days. German-Polish nature / landscape leader training scheme International open-air art exhibition „Art on the Border“

Source: LUA, 2009

Further Information: LUA Public Relations http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/bb2.c.515083.de Events http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/list.php/mluv_veranstaltungen Overview of publications http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/5lbm1.c.111478.de

122

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Public relations

Administration

10.1 LUA offices and employee structure 10.2 Budget overview 2008 10.3 Organizational structure

123 124 125

10.1 LUA offices and employee structure Map 10-1

LUA locations

Standorte des Landesumweltamtes

Prignitz

Lenzen

Rühstädt Gnevsdorf

Sitz des LandesLUA office umweltamtes Hauptstandorte Regional department der Regionalheadquarters abteilungen Secondary locations Nebenstandorte Am Standort vertretene Departments represented Abteilung at each location Ökologie, Naturschutz, Ecology, Conservation, Water Wasser Großschutzgebiete Large conservation areas

Milow

Menz

Regionalbereich West Buckow b. Nennh.

Brandenburg an der Havel

Schwedt/O*

Himmelpfort

Neuruppin* Oberhavel Neustadt (Dosse) Linum Havelland Parey

Angermünde Barnim Eberswalde

Buckow

Regionalbereich Ost

Trebbin

Baitz

Service Service

MärkischOderland

Bernau

Potsdam OT Groß Glienicke

Raben

Prieros

* Standort mit zwei Dienststellen * Location with two departments

Dobbrikow Wünsdorf DahmeSchlepzig TeltowFläming Lübben

Zuständigkeit Regionalabteilungen Responsibilities der of the regional departments

Elbe-Elster Bad Liebenwerda

Landesgrenze State border Kreisgrenze District border

Elsterwerda

Lebus

Oder- Frankfurt (Oder) Spree Wirchensee Spreewald

Regional- Lübbenau bereich Süd Fürstlich OberDrehna

Regional Department Regionalabteilung

Criewen

Bad Freienwalde

Land Berlin

Potsdam-Mittelmark

Technical environmental Technischer Umweltschutz protection

Uckermark

Lychen

OstprignitzRuppin Zippelsförde Stolpe

spreewald Lausitz

SpreeBurg* Neiße Cottbus

Bräsinchen

Senftenberg

Quelle: LUA, 2009 Source: LUA, 2009

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Administration

123

Development of the employment structure at the LUA 1991–2011 (as of 09/2009)

Budgeted positions / established posts

Fig. 10-1

2004 Incorporation of the OPC’s and SDLCA

1994 outsourcing of tasks + personnel WBV

OPC: former Offices for Pollution Control SDLCA: former State Department for Large Conservation Areas. Database of environmental pollution

Source: LUA, 2009

Number of employees

LUA Employee structure 2005 and 2009 (as of 09/2009)

Number of employees

Fig. 10-2

total

years

over years

total

male

female

Source: LUA, 2009

10.2 Budget overview 2008 The LUA expended a total of 119 million Euros to fulfil its duties in the accounting year 2008. The expenditure budget (figures rounded): - 41 million Euros personnel costs - 31 million Euros administrative costs

124

- 35 million Euros investment (construction) 7 million Euros investments (without construction) - 4 million Euros grants Income e.g. from water use fees and sewage charges are listed in chapter 2 Water ← Fig. 2-12 (S. 68) ← Fig. 2-16 (S. 72).

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Administration

Expenditure on official tasks including third-party funding secured (EU- and Federal funds)

Table 10-1 Water management

Expenditure (millions of Euros, figures rounded)

Water management planning for the implementation of the WFD and other tasks

1.3 Mio.

Investment in hydrological engineering from third-part funds (EU federal government)

35.6 Mio. 17.9 Mio.

Maintenance costs – water and soil associations for 1. order waterbodies

13.2 Mio.

Maintenance of waterbodies and hydrological facilities

2.8 Mio.

Waterbody reclamation (funds from the (Joint Coastal Protection Scheme Gemeinschaftsaufgabe Küstenschutz GAK)

14.7 Mio.

management, pumping

0.9 Mio.

Nature conservation Nature conservation planning for the implementation of the Natura 2000, care and development plans for the large conservation areas, expert reports and research proposals.

1.8 Mio.

Nature conservation by agreement

1.0 Mio.

contract nature protection scheme

0.2 Mio.

Promotion of large-scale nature conservation projects

3.3 Mio.

of which federal funds

2.7 Mio.

Financing the nature rescue

4.2 Mio.

EU-LIFE funded Project “Brandenburg inland halospheres”

0.3 Mio.

Technical environmental protection Planning, research proposals

0.1 Mio.

Environmental information and education Promotion of environmental education

0.2 Mio.

Source: LUA, 2009

10.3 Organizational tree Organizational structure of the State Department of the Environment (as of December 2009)

Fig. 10-3

President Prof. Dr. Matthias Freude Tel. (033201) 442-100 Deputy: Kurt Augustin

Department RW

Department RS

Department RO

Department S

Department TUS

Department ÖNW

Department GR

Regional Department West

Regional Dept. South

Regional Department East

Service

Technical environmental

Ecology, nature conser-

GSG, Regional development

Bodo Schwiegk

Wolfgang Genehr

Jörg Lieske *

Kurt Augustin

conservation

vation, Water

Dr. Hartmut Kretschmer

Tel. (033201) 442- 410

Tel. (0355) 4991-1300

Tel. (0335) 560 -3232

Tel. (033201) 442-103

Dr. Ulrich Stock Tel. (033201) 442-310

Tel. (033201) 442-210

Deputy: Peter Ludwig

Deputy: Günter Alpert

Deputy: Silke Petschick

Deputy: Dr. Sabine Hahn

Dep.: Thomas Avermann

Deputy: Barbara-Kerstin Müschner

To be named

Tel. (03334) 6627-24 Deputy: Eugen Nowak

RW 1

RS 1

RO 1

Ö1

GR 1

Authorizations

Personell Management

Facility safety,

Landscape development

Objectives Co-ordination

West

South

East

Silke Petschick

Technology

CITES

Nature Park North

Sebastian Dorn*

Sabine Trommeschläger

Günter Alpert

Dr. Berthold Wilck

Dr. Annemarie Schaepe

Dr. Martin Flade

Tel. (033201) 442-575

Tel. (0355) 4991-1410

Tel. (0335) 560 -3205

Tel. (033201) 442-170

Tel. (033201) 442-337

Tel. (033201) 442- 625

Tel. (03334) 6627-13

RW 2

RS 2

RO 2

Ö2

GR 2

Facility and environmental

Organisation, controlling,

Climate protection,

Natura 2000, Species and

Lower Oder Valley National

monitoring Region West 1

monitoring Region Süd 1

monitoring Region East 1

Structural development

Environmental monitoring

habitiat conservation

Park Administration

Barb-Kerstin Müschner

Berndt Buder

Dr. Stephan Böhme

Anke Herrmann

and toxicology

Dr. Matthias Hille

Dirk Treichel

Tel. (033201) 442- 458

Tel. (0355) 4991-1050

Tel. (0335) 560 -3154

Tel. (033201) 442-153

To be named

Tel. (033201) 442-223

Tel. (03332) 2677-209

RW 3

RS 3

RO 3

Ö3

GR 3 Schorfheide-Chorin

Facility and environmental

Finances

Area pollution control

Water provision

Biosphere Reservation

monitoring Region West 2

monitoring Region Süd 2

monitoring Region East 2

Dr. Marianne Czisnik

Noise pollution control

Waste water

Administration

Lutz Schetterer

Hans-Detlev Lintzel

Kerstin Tschiedel

Dr. Martin Kühne

Günter-Eckehard Hlubek

Constanze Knape*

Tel. (03391) 838-599

Tel. (033702) 73120

Tel. (03332) 441 741

Tel. (033201) 442- 609

Tel. (0355) 4991-1304

Tel. (033201) 442-251

Tel. (03331) 3654-31

RW 4

RS 4

RO 4

Ö 4 Water Framework

GR 4

River pollution control

Area-related pollution

Internal office

Air Quality

Directive Hydrology,

Spreewald Biosphere

Environmental law

control Environmental law

Property Management

Manfred Lotz

waterbody quality

Reservation Administration

Christiane Schröder

Peter Ludwig

Elisa Penndorf

Stefan Deinhart

Thomas Avermann

Eugen Nowak

Tel. (033201) 442- 463

Tel. (0355) 4991-1329

Tel. (0335) 560 -3290

Tel. (033201) 442- 623

Tel. (033201) 442-313

Tel. (033201) 442-288

Tel. (03542) 8921-12

RW 5

RS 5

RO 5

S 5 Environmental

Ö5

GR 5 Elbe River Landscape

Water management,

Water management, Hydro-

Water management,

Information, State

Waste control

Flood protection, hydraulic

Biosphere Reservation

Hydrology

logy Concept. floodprotect.

Hydrology

Education Centre Lebus

Elke Lentz

engineering, Construction

Administration

Katrin Kumke

Karin Materne

Dr. Romuald Buryn

Frauke Zelt

Thorsten Thaddey

Jeanette Fischer

Tel. (033201) 442- 434

Tel. (0355) 4991-1390

Tel. (0335) 560 -3400

Tel. (033201) 442-173

Tel. (033201) 442-344

Tel. (033201) 442-264

Tel. (038791) 980 -12

RW 6

RS 6

RO 6

Bird protection officer

GR 6

Flood protection,

Waterbody maintenance

Flood protection,

IT-Service

Contaminated areas,

Buckow

Objectives, Co-ordination

Waterbody maintenance

Operative flood protection

Waterbody maintenance

Dr. Siegmund Stiehler

soil conservation

Nature Park South

Norbert Albs

Dr. Manfred Kupetz

Dr. Romuald Buryn*

Dr. Sabine Hahn

Hubertus Meckelmann

Tel. (033201) 442-585

Tel. (0355) 4991-1030

Tel. (0335) 560 -3400

Tel. (033201) 442-142

Tel. (033201) 442-347

Tel. (033732) 506 - 0

RW 7

RS 7

RO 7

Conservation

Nature conservation

GIS HQ

To be named

Dr. Dorothee Bader

Rigo Vallet

Dr. Uwe Menzel

NP Nord

Tel. (0335) 560 -3171 Tel. (0355) 4991-1340

Tel. (0335) 560 -3242

As of: October 2009

NP SÜd

NP WHL

NP SRL

NP nn

NP US

NP BAR

NP dh

NP st

NP MS

NP nll

np nlh

NP hf

* with managerial responsibility

Anti-corruption

Chairman of the

Disabled persons liason

Equal opportunities

Centres: Potsdam, Cottbus, Frankfurt (Oder)

Ursula Howahl

personnel board

Dr. Thomas Schmiedel

Sylke Plock

Tel. (033201) 442-157

Peter Engert

Tel. (0331) 866 -7711

Tel. (033201) 442- 608

Tel. (033201) 442-200

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09 Administration

125

126

Environmental Data Brandenburg 2008/09

IMPRINT Publisher: Brandenburg State Office for Environment (LUA) Seeburger Chaussee 2 14476 Potsdam, OT GroĂ&#x; Glienicke Tel.: (033201) 442-171 Fax: (033201) 442-43678 www.lua.brandenburg.de EDITORIAL STAFF: LUA, Office of Environmental Information, Public Relations, Lebus County Teaching Facility The departments of the LUA are responsible for the content of the articles. The preparation of the cartographic state overviews was based on the digital data of the State Surveyor (GB-G 1/99). Title picture: ÂŠ Old arm of the Oder in the Lower Oder Valley National Park, F. Zimmermann Press date: December 2009 DESIGN AND LAYOUT: HELLOGRAPH | Kommunikationsdesign This pamphlet is published within the framework of the public relations work of the State Government of Brandenburg. It may not be used by political parties or by campaigners for the purposes of political campaigning. Furthermore it may not be passed on to a third party with the purpose of campaigning. All forms of reproduction are allowed only with the written permission of the publisher. ORDERING ADDRESS: infoline@lua.brandenburg.de TRANSLATION: Sydem Language Services & Translations, Berlin. Potsdam, December 2009

Ministry for Environment, Health, and Consumer Protection of the State of Brandenburg Brandenburg State Office for Environment Seeburger Chaussee 2 14476 Potsdam, OT GroĂ&#x; Glienicke Tel.: (033201) 442-0 Fax: (033201) 442-662 www.lua.brandenburg.de infoline@lua.brandenburg.de