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01 SEP- 15 SEP 2013

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What is beyond mind?

Whenever we attempt an answer for something then immediately the mind questions the very source of that argument or reason thereby taking itself on an endless path. This makes only thing logical that the TRUTH cannot be reasoned by mind. One has to move beyond.

ENGINEERING QUOTIENT

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UFO

FORTNIGHTLY

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DEBATE

Going beyond Can we reach the absolute TRUTH by using the mind, an instrument made by the nature?

Science?

On page 7 Send Y (Yes) or N (No) to 8890753400, hellosciencepaper@ gmail.com

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Yes: 80 %

Last debate result

No: 20%

Can some other planet or celestial body in our solar system hold life in future?

Guess the word _IQ_I_ Hint: Indefinite shape definite volume Turn to Page 4 for further hint

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ENGINEERING QUOTIENT

01 SEP- 15 SEP 2013

MYSTERY

U.F.O.

.

Editor’s note

Dear readers, History of UFOs has been shrouded in mystery. Unexplained aerial observations have been reported throughout history.

UFOs have been subject to investigations over the years that varied widely in scope and scientific rigor. Terms like Ufology or Ufologist have been devised in order to give UFO story a professional name. It is still not very clear as to what were actually seen in the name of UFOs. They might have been optical illusions or some other phenomena. Actually, the curiosity and romance around the stories regarding UFOs have made it a controversial topic.

The more we discuss about it the m o r e controversia l it becomes.

Actually, whoever said to have seen UFOs f i n d i t difficult to support t h e i r argument because of various reasons like lack of knowledge, absence ot proper evidence or due to government control.

What best sources could be arranged are told stories and pictures taken about the UFOs. By any name, however, flying saucers and UFOs have continued to puzzle us in the half-century since the end of WWII. Once regarded as almost exclusively an American phenomenon, like hamburgers and baseball, UFOs have now been reported from virtually every country in the world.

In 1957, American Astronaut Gorden Cooper claimed to have seen a saucer shaped aircraft which he believed truly of alien origin. But the tape went missing after it was handed over to Government officials. Actually, government have always feared such revelations as it might lead to public panic.

Ths idea about UFOs have led to another idea about extra-terrestrial life. The scientific community has shown very little support for the Extra Terrestrial Hypothesis, and has largely accepted the explanation that reports of UFOs are the result of people

misinterpretin g common objects or phenomena, or are the w o r k o f hoaxers.

T h o u g h Government claims that they have no evidence that any life exists outside our planet, or that a n extraterrestria l presence has Photograph of an alleged UFO in New Jersey, contacted or taken on July 31, 1952 engaged any member of the human race, efforts like NASA are going on to look evidences or hints of alien life. The response noted "odds are pretty high" that there may be life on other planets but "the odds of us making contact with any of them—especially any intelligent ones—are extremely small, given the distances involved.

Open your eyes Are you still waiting for someone to guide you?

It is very convenient that we look for someone’s advise for assigning task for us. Actually, this is our psychological escape from taking up our own responsibility. This will never help us in the long run.

Awake, rise and stop not We have to come our of sleep and take our own responsibility. Identify current situation, assess the things needed, devise and action plan and start executing it. Be it study, project, or life.

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MEDICAL QUOTIENT

01 SEP - 15 SEP 2013

BIOLOGY

Why food is delicious It's not all from our mouth, or our mouth and the back of our nose, or our mouth, and nose, and taste cells in the intestine. Deliciousness comes from our mother, our childhood, the room we are eating in, the plates we are eating on and the friends we are eating with. It's mental as much as chemical.

Taste is not what you think. Every schoolchild learns that it is one of the five senses, a partner of smell and sight and touch, a consequence of food flitting over taste buds that send important signals—sweet or bitter, nutrient or poison?—to the brain. Were it so simple.

Deliciousness is both ingrained and learned, both personal and universal. It is a product of all five senses (hearing included) interacting in unexpected ways, those sensory signals subject to gross revision by that clump of nerve tissue we call the brain.

Food enters your mouth, meets your teeth and begins to be broken down by enzymes in your saliva. The morsel soon moves over your papillae, the few thousand bumps that line your tongue. Each papilla houses onionlike structures of 50 to 100 taste cells folded together like the petals of a young flower about to bloom—taste buds, we call them. These cells have chemical receptors attuned to the five basic tastes—bitter, sweet, sour, salt and umami.

These five tastes are enough to help determine if the thing we just put into our mouth should go any farther—if it's sweet or savory and thus a probable source of nutrients or if it's bitter and potentially poisonous. Yet they can't get close to communicating the complexity of the flavors that we sense.

For that, we turn to the nose. As you take in a piece of

food, a little air is forced up passageways at the back of the mouth, where scent receptors in the nasal cavity detect thousands of volatile chemicals that add up to complex flavors.

Your brain knows where your smell signals are coming from—through your nostrils or from your mouth. And in the case of the latter, it ropes them together with the signals from the taste buds. Retronasal olfaction produces a completely unique sense—neither smell nor taste alone but a hybrid that we call flavor. It's a process as transformative and irreversible as turning fuel and oxygen into flame.

Our sense of taste doesn't end at the mouth. In recent years scientists have found taste receptors all over the body, discoveries that have solved some long-standing mysteries. For 50 years scientists had been trying to figure out why eating glucose produces a much sharper insulin release than injecting the same amount of glucose directly into the bloodstream. In 2007 they discovered that cells lining the small intestine also contain taste receptors. When these intestinal sweet sensors detect sugar, they trigger a cascade of hormones that ultimately ends with a squirt of extra insulin into the bloodstream.

Our sense of taste isn't just limited to the gut. For example, your nose is lined with cells that sense bitter chemicals. If there's poison in the air, they reflexively stop you from pulling it into your lungs. If the poison does get to the throat, bitter detectors in the trachea trigger cilia to help clear the airway.

How intelligent are animals?

Unlike humans, ants don't build a unified map of the world.

Instead, specialized systems, including the ability to learn from recent experience, create complex navigational behavior Despite centuries of effort by philosophers, psychologists and biologists, the question remains unanswered. We are inclined to tackle this question using a top-down approach.

It seems intuitive to start with our own assumptions about human intelligence, and design experiments that ask whether animals possess similar

anthropomorphic abilities.

Do animals have a language, or a personality? Do they feel empathy or achieve abstract reasoning? This approach does suit the study of animals closely related to us, like apes. But is it relevant when studying animals such as insects?

Insects certainly display complex and apparently intelligent behavior. They navigate over long distances, find food, avoid predators, communicate, display courtship, care for their

More on Page 8

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SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & NEWS

01 SEP - 15 SEP 2013

Sun’s 8.2 billion year old twin

Astronomers have discovered an 8.2-billion-year-old solar twin that offers a peek at how our Sun will look like in future.

A team led by astronomers in Brazil has used ESO’s Very Large Telescope to study the oldest solar twin known to date.

Located 250 light-years away, the star HIP 102152 is more like the Sun than any other solar twin — except that it is nearly four billion years older.

This older twin may be host to rocky planets and gives us an unprecedented chance to see how the Sun will look when it ages, researchers said.

“For decades, astronomers have been searching for solar twins in order to know our own life-giving Sun better. But very few have been found since the first one was discovered in 1997. We have now obtained superb-quality spectra from the VLT and can scrutinise solar twins with extreme precision, to answer the question of whether the Sun is special,” said Jorge Melendez (Universidade de Sao Paulo,

Brazil), the leader of the team and co-author of the study.

The team studied two solar twins — one that was thought to be younger than the Sun (18 Scorpii) and one that was expected to be older (HIP 102152).

They found that HIP 102152 in the constellation of Capricornus (The Sea Goat) is the oldest solar twin known to date.

It is estimated to be 8.2 billion years old, compared to 4.6 billion years for our own Sun. On the other hand 18 Scorpii was confirmed to be younger than the Sun - about 2.9 billion years old.

New light on Black Holes A black hole's gravitational force can be measured by X-ray emissions, which show the amount of heat generated.

Astronomers say they may have solved a cosmic mystery: why gravitational monsters known as black holes are inept at swallowing their prey.

A black hole can form in space when a large star dies and its matter gets crunched into a much smaller volume. The resulting gravitational pull is so great that even light can't escape. Given this power, one theory was that black holes indiscriminately consumed everything that passed within their reach. www.helloscience.in

However, scientists recently observed that this scenario isn't always the case—and they now believe they understand why.

When researchers had previously looked at black holes' X-ray signals, they were surprisingly faint, suggesting that black holes weren't generating large amounts of energy in the form of radiation.

The latest research provides an answer based on actual data from a space-borne X-ray telescope, known as Chandra, operated by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

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A distant star thought to be almost identical to our own sun is providing scientists with the chance to see how our solar system will look in four billion years time.

Student Journalist

Oil consumThe world consumes about 90 ption million barrels of petroleum each day. One barrel equals 158.9 Liters.

Mukesh Hello Science welcomes you to be a part of our news collection and reporting.

Please send your news entries with full details to 08890753400; hellosciencepaper@gmail.com (Write NEWS in the subject)

_ IQ_ID Guess the word Hint: Indefinite shape definite volume Answer on page 5

NEWs digest 8000 Indians queue up for Mars As the deadline for registration nears, over 8,000 Indians have so far signed up for the one-way trip to Mars and settle down on the red planet

Dinosaur fossil unearthed in China Chinese archaeologists have again unearthed more than 130 fossils, including bone and egg remains at a site in Laiyang City, in east China's Shandong Province. www.helloscience.us

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SCIMAGINATION

01 SEP - 15 SEP 2013

EDITORIAL

DID YOU KNOW What are virtual particles?

Greater purpose

COMMON SENSE

You should always keep in mind the bigger purpose involved in learning All particles are real and there can be no virtual i.e., Understanding life. particles.

We are always occupied in some task or the other.

When we are awake our life energy is always involved in some work whether it is job, home work, exercise or even thinking.

Therefore, we should need to ask a fundamental question as to what all is this for? Why we are doing this or that? It may appear immediate or important what is its purpose in the larger perspective. Simply put, what role it is going to play my life.

When all of us know that our lives are limited then what should be the best way we should devote all our time and life energy?

This is the most relevant question in life. And in some form or the other everyone is looking for this answer. But do we reach the answer? Or do

we seriously take a halt and observe where things SCIENCE are going. We might become stressed and worn A virtual particle is a transient fluctuation that out but this question needs to be put exhibits many of the characteristics of an ordinary forth every time our precious life particle, but that exists for a limited time. Virtual energy is at work.

There must be some bigger purpose particles do not necessarily carry the same mass as in life without which the life is just the corresponding real particle. meaningless. Isn’t it?

So what do we do towards that end?

Do we seriously think? Actually not. SCIENTOON I thought I was Most of us are involved in mad races and don’t care as to where the life is interested in going. uncertainty but now I’m One day everything will be finished and all that has been done remain not so sure. futile if the life purpose is not explored. The biggest purpose in life is to understand it. For this, we just need to turn inside and we will definitely get an answer.

- EDITOR Werner Heisenberg

GAMES AND FUN WORD MAZE

WE R E HR I SE G RE SCIENCE SCRAMBLE

SCIENCE-QUOTIENT Arrange the following countries in the increasing order of area.

Identify the hidden sentence.

N from top left. Go up, E Starts down, left, right without any cross.

N Uncertainty B Hint:Principle Identify the words and use the encircled letters to fill in the blank.

Australia, US, Russia, China LET’S SPELL

I F R U T

Make words of 2 or more letters using each letter once with each having the central letter.

LETTERS & NUMBERS Make a phrase out of the following.

E

I

R

25 = F P of F

DEER, LIT, APE. Rivers forms DELTA at coast.

WERNER HEISENBERG

LET’S SPELL

LETTERS & NUMBERS

Russia>China>US>Australia

25 = Fifty Percent of Fifty

RUT, FUR, TURF, RIFT, FIR, FRUIT

Inspiring thought

READERS’ QUESTION Samarth Agrawal, Delhi

What changes happen in body in space?

"Bad times have a scientific value. These are occasions a good learner would not miss.”

Ralph Waldo Emerson

HS Answer

In space, the body begins to adapt to the Foreign translation microgravity environment. Release of Calcium by English: I am busy. bones, weakening of muscles, fluid shifts, decrease Dutch: Ik ben bezig in the size of heart, slight increase in the height of French: Je suis occupé astronauts occurs. The inner ear, which is sensitive German: Ich bin beschäftigt to gravity, no longer functions as designed. Italian: Sono occupato Astronauts can experience disorientation, space Spanish: Estoy ocupado motion sickness and a loss of sense of direction. Swedish: Jag är upptagen

Guess the word LIQUID Answer

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Anonymous I want to know the work in cosmology by Dr. Jayant Narlikar and his books.

Anonymous I am glad to have this newspaper as my study partner. It is a virtual teacher.

Jyoti Singh

Dear Reader, We have published a report on UFOs Like MQ, Jupiter’s moon Europa may hold life. on page 2 in this edition.

Anonymous Editor Like LTR. The Math tricks given helped me get rid of the tension of slow calculation speed. Thanks Hello Science.

Send you ideas to: hellosciencepaper@gmail.com editor@helloscience.in Via SMS: 8890753400

BAPU’S COLUMN

SOLUTIONS SCIENCE-QUOTIENT

Hello science is an awesome paper for science lovers and student,i really like it.

I have a request that please publish about UFO and aliens ,i am too much interested in UFO and life on other planets.

Priyadarshi satyam class-11,VIBRANT ACADEMY,KOTA

Hint: %

River forms _ _ _ _ _ at coast.

WORD MAZE

PEOPLE SPEAK

Thrown out of Ist class Gandhi left for South Africa in April 1893. At Maritzburg, a white passenger was upset to see Gandhi in the same coach. He reported to the railway constable who pushed Gandhi and his luggage out of the train. This was the turning point in Gandhi’s life.

EINSTEIN UNPLUGGED

Einstein’s relation with Gandhi

With Mahatma Gandhi, Einstein forged an intimate relationship. He viewed the Mahatma as true practitioner of Christian For Counseling virtues, namely peace, Call 09887611939, 08890753400 tolerance, non-violence Or email at: hellosciencepaper@gmail.com and concern for mankind. He continuously editor@helloscience.in monitored Indian freedom struggle.

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COUNSELLING

Hello Science Learning, Testing and Retention (LTR)

01 SEP - 15 SEP 2013

Highly Effect ive Study Habits

Students face many issues in their lives, and because of all of the competing things for your attention, it’s hard to concentrate on studying. The key to effective studying isn’t cramming or studying longer, but studying smarter. You can begin studying smarter with these ten proven and effective study habits.

Think positive

Bring everything you need nothing you don’t

Aim to think positively when you study, and remind yourself of your skills and abilities.

Unfortunately, when you find an ideal place to study, sometimes people bring things they don’t need. For instance, while it may seem ideal to type notes into a computer to refer back to later, computers are a powerful distraction for many people because they can do so many different things. Don’t forget the things you need to study for the class, exam or paper you’re focusing on for the study session.

Nothing is more time-consuming and wasteful than having to run back and forth regularly because you forget an important book, paper, or some other resource you need to be successful.

Avoid negative or absolute thought Instead of thinking, “I’m a mess, I’ll never have enough time to study for this exam,” look at it like, “I may be a little late to study as much as I’d like, but since I’m doing it now, I’ll get most of it done.”

Instead of thinking “I always mess things up,” the more objective view is, “I didn’t do so well that time, what can I do to improve?”

Stop comparing Avoid comparing yourself with others, because you usually just end up feeling bad about yourself.

Outline or rewrite your notes The important thing to remember in writing outlines is that an outline only words as a learning tool when it is in your own words and structure. Every person is unique in how they put similar information together. So while you’re welcomed to copy other people’s notes or outlines, make sure you translate those notes and outlines into your own words and concepts.

Failing to do this is what often causes many students to stumble in remembering important items.

When you study is imp

Finding an ideal study place is important. Make sure to choose the quiet areas in these places, not the loud, central gathering areas.

Practice by yourself or with your friend

Use memory games/nemonics

The old age adage, practice makes perfect, is true. You can practice by yourself by testing yourself with either practice exams, past quizzes, or flash cards. If a practice exam isn’t available, you can make one up for yourself and your classmates. If a practice or old exam from a course is available, use it as a guide.

The key to such memory devices is the new phrase or sentence you come up with has to be more memorable and easier to remember than the terms or information you’re trying to learn. These don’t work for everyone, so if they don’t work for you, don’t use them.

If your like this article, send <Like LTR>. Also send your queries if you want them to be discussed on this platform. Send your responses to: hellosciencepaper@gmail.com; editor@helloscience.in. 08890753400

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Special Coverage

Beyond Science

01 SEP - 15 SEP 2013

Moral judgments, aesthetic judgments, decisions about applications of science, and conclusions about the supernatural are outside the realm of science. whether it is right or wrong to terminate those events is determined by cultural and social rules--in other words, morality.

The science can't help here.

Note that I have not said that scientists are exempt from consideration of the moral issues surrounding what they do. Like all humans, they are accountable morally and ethically for what they do. Finally, science can't help us with questions about the supernatural. The prefix "super" means "above." So supernatural means "above (or beyond) the natural." The toolbox of a scientist contains only the natural laws of the universe; supernatural questions are outside their reach.

We have to go beyond mind?

If answers cannot be found from outside then we will have to turn inside. This is called observation of the very instrument that nature has given us for observing external world, the MIND. A long tradition of inquiries in philosophy, religion, psychology and cognitive science has sought to develop an understanding of what mind is and what are its distinguishing properties.

Consciousness in mammals is an aspect of the mind generally thought to comprise qualities such as subjectivity, sentience, and the ability to perceive the relationship between oneself and one's environment. It is a subject of much research in philosophy of mind, psychology, neuroscience, and cognitive science. Research over the past few years has suggested that certain states of consciousness brought about by meditation techniques appear to evoke specific brainwave patterns. These states are now being created by electronic and auditory stimulation of the brain, and they can be learned through biofeedback. But there is going to be a great misunderstanding in scientific circles, and it has a certain basis. The basis of all misunderstanding is: When the being of a person is in a state of meditation, it creates certain waves in the mind.

These waves can be created from the outside by technical means.

But those waves will not create meditation - this is the misunderstanding. Meditation creates those waves; it is the mind reflecting the inner world. You cannot see what is happening inside. But you can see what is happening in the mind. It is not a question of sitting silently, it is not a question of chanting a mantra.

It is a question of understanding the subtle workings of the mind.

As you understand those workings of the mind a great awareness arises in you which is not of the mind.

That awareness arises in your being, in your soul, in your consciousness. Meditation transforms. It takes you to higher levels of consciousness and changes your whole lifestyle. It changes your reactions into responses to such an extent that it is unbelievable that the person who would have reacted in the same situation in anger is now acting in deep compassion, with love - in the same situation.

Mankind has never devised a better tool for solving the mysteries of the universe than science. However, there are some kinds of questions for which scientific problem solving is unsuited. In other words, science has limitations. There are three primary areas for which science can't help us answer our questions. All of these have the same problem: The questions they present don't have testable answers. Since testability is so vital to the scientific process, these questions simply fall outside the venue of science.

Science can't answer questions about value. For example, there is no scientific answer to the questions, "Which of these flowers is prettier?" or "which smells worse, a skunk or a skunk cabbage?"

And of course, there's the more obvious example, "Which is more valuable, one ounce of gold or one ounce of steel?" Our culture places value on the element gold, but if what you need is something to build a skyscraper with, gold, a very soft metal, is pretty useless. So there's no way to scientifically determine value.

Science can't answer questions of morality. The problem of deciding good and bad, right and wrong, is outside the determination of science. This is why expert scientific witnesses can never help us solve the dispute over abortion: all a scientist can tell you is what is going on as a fetus develops; the question of www.helloscience.in

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Miscellaneous

Hello Science 01 SEP - 15 SEP 2013

Intelligent animals

From Page 3

However, they have a tiny brain, and probably because of assumptions about the limitations of tiny brains, researchers generally avoid seeking human abilities in insects. In his 1969 book, The Sciences of the Artificial, Herbert Simon contemplates an ant wandering on the beach: Viewed as a geometric figure, the ant’s path is irregular, complex, and hard to describe. But its complexity is really a complexity in the surface of the beach, not the complexity in the ant.

Simon explains that the complexity observed in the behavior is not necessarily in the ant, but in the interaction between the ant and the surrounding complex environment. This idea has allowed scientists to avoid any idea of an anthropomorphic intelligence, by looking instead for the simplest solutions to explain complex behavior.

Decades of bottom-up research

Hello Science

have passed since Simon looked at his ant on the beach, and Simon himself would be surprised at how complex, and intelligent, insects are. The change of perspective that allowed him to profess the ant’s simplicity has, in fact, revealed an alien complexity, one not driven by anthropomorphic considerations.

We now know that the path produced by a navigating ant is based on sophisticated mechanisms.

Ants use a variety of cues to navigate, such as sun position, polarized light patterns, visual panoramas, gradient of odors, wind direction, slope, ground texture, step-counting … and more.

Indeed, the list of cues ants can utilise for navigation is probably greater than for humans. We need to keep in mind that this is only our current level of understanding.

Even insect brains are far too complex to be fully understood in the near future.

Embrace science in your life.

Read and subscribe Hello Science An initiative by IIT alumni and professors to develop scientific temper among children.

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“A scientific mind makes the personality of a child and prepares it for the challenges of life.”

CHLOROPHYLL

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