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HaBepHoe, B ~ CTO P ~ ~ H OAH~ BC TaK C~JlbHO ~ Tal<- \lSI::TO H MeHS\­ IIICb B3rn,HA Ha np ~ MeHe H !:l III MeCTO aBlIlau,lillil B lilX crpvrrype, KaK 3TO 6blJlO B CCCP. Pe<!>opMbl, xoropue neplilOAW-leCK~ Ha'-llilHaJllilCb B 3TO~ coepe, npaKTlil'-leC K ~ scerna lilMeJllil crarvc KapA~HaJlbHbIX, HO aa-acryo nasana peaynsraru, npS1MO npOT~BOnOJlQ)KHble ~X HaMe'-leHHbIM L1,e­ JlS1M. A KorAa YAaBaJlOCb lilcnpaBlilTb no­ CJleACTBlilS1 O'-lepeAHO~ "pe<!>opMbl-3Kcne­ p~MeHTa», Ha ropaaoure y)l(e nOS1BJlS1JlaCb HOBaS1, sa-acrvo npaaonsuiaa K ell\e 60­ nee cepbe3HbiM nOCJleACTBlilS1M. Euie AO paasana COI03a, B nepuon C 1978 no 1986 r. B BC CCCP ~MeJla MeCTO M~ pa

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otinacrn aoeuaoro ynpasne­

HlilS1, KaK B ero crparerasecrou 3BeHe, TaK lil B oneparasuou. B KOHLI,e 1970-x rr. Ha­ '-IaJlOCb <!>OpM~poBaH~e rJlaBHblX KOMaH­ AOBaHlil~

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(TBA): 3anaAHoro, IOro-3a­ naaaoro, IO)I(Horo HanpaBJleHlil~ lil AaJlb­ Hero Bocroxa. B COCTaB Ka)l(Aoro KOMaH­ AOBaHlilS1 BXOA~JlO ~ vnpasneuae BBC, KOTOpoe .B03rJlaBJlS1Jl 3aMeCT~TeJlb rnas­ HOKoMaHAYIOll\ero BO~CK TBA no asaa­ L1,~~ - KOMaHAYIOll\~~ BBC BO~CK TBA B 3BaH~~ reHepaJl-nOJlKOBH~Ka lilJl~ Aa)l(e MapWaJla aB~au,~~. Ilepen ynpaanena­ S1Mlil BBC BO~CK TBA CTaBlilJl~Cb 3aAa'-llil no uearpanasauaa ynpasneuas, ooecne­ '-IeHlillO recaoro B3a~MoAe~cTB~S1 Me)l(AY aBlilau,~OHHbIM~ 06beAlilHeH~S1Mlil ~ Me)l(AY H~M~ lil 06beAlilHeH~S1M~ APyrlilx B~AOB BC. Ho Bce )I(e OCHOBHO~ np~'-IlilHO~ lilX

16

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OAHaKo B nOCJleAYlOll\eM BbJRCHlilJlOCb, '-ITO, COJAaB nOA06Hbie opraaa soeauoro ynp aBJl e H ~S1 , sacuiee soeaaoe pyKOBOACTBO He CMom o B nOJlHOM 06beMbi onpenemrr» lilX 3aAa'-l~, paapaoorars COOTBeTCTBYIOll\YIO HopMaT~BHYIO 6a3Y no lilX <!>YHKU,lilOHlilpOBa­ HlillO. 1103TOMy lilHorAa JlIOAlil, aocaeume ua CBO~X nne-ax O'-leHb 60JlbWlile 3Be3Abl, caMlil TOJlKOM He 3Han~, '-ITO xe OT HlilX, c06CTBeH­ HO, Tpe6yeTCS1. B KOHe'-lHOM lilTore, nocne roro, KaK nOAYJllil «serpu repeuea», B Ha­ xane 1990-x rr. lil CTaBK~ BO~CK aa TBA, ~ ynpaBJleH~S1 BBC 6b1Jl~ coxpauieau.

Ho ~3MeHeH~S1 KOCHYJl~Cb He TOJlbKO CTpaTer~'-IeCKOrO ypOBHS1 ynpaBJleH~S1: "AOCTaJlOCb» lil onepaT~BHOMY 3BeHy. B 1980 r. B soeuaux oxpyrax B3aMeH cy­ ll\eCTBOBaBWlilX AO sroro BA 6b1Jl~ C03Aa­ Hbl BBC aoeaaux oxpvros, a OCHOBHaS1 Macca OBnlil 06Bn 6blJla nepenaua ~3 BBC B COCTaB AA. TaK~M 06pa30M, <!>poHToBaS1 aB~au,~S1 ~ aB~au,~S1 I1BO 6b1Jl~ cseneua B BBC BO (rpynn BO~CK), nOA'-I~HS1BW~XCS1 lilX KOMaHAYIOll\~M (B BoeHHoe BpeMS1 ­ KOMaHAYIOll\~M <!>poHTaM~). I1Plil 3TOM 6blBw~e KOMaHAYIOll\lile BA CTaHOB~JllilCb 3aMeCT~TeJlS1Mlil KOMaHAYIOll\~X Bo~cKaM~

KOMaHAYIOll\lilM~ BBC BO. <t>POHTOBO~ KOMnJleKT BBC BO Haxo­

oxpyroa A~JlCS1

nOA uenocpencrseuaue vnpasne­

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KOMaHAYIOll\~X 06ll\eBO~CKoBbIM~

~ TaHKOBblMlil apMlilS1M~.

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nOA06HbiX npeoti paaosaaaa 6blJlO pasne­ JleHlile <!>OpMlil po BaHlil~ BBC no Ha3Ha'-leHlillO, '-ITO AOJl 0 6 b 83 A~CT~e O~ U,lillil C BOW K eo sanon Hlillil aaaas.

Kpo Me roro, B peaynsrare pe<!>opMbl A aJlbHS1S1 ABlilau,~S1 npeoepaaoaueanacs B ABe BA BrK CH (CTpaTe r~ '-IeC KO rO Ha­ 3Ha'-leHlilS1), KOTOpblM npanaaanacs ~ 6a A Ha Cy-24 (Hanp~Mep, 21-S1 6aA B COCTaBe 30-~ BA). TaK)I(e B 1984 roAY rJlaBHble KO­ MaHAoBaH~S1 BO~CK TBA B aoeauoe BpeMS1 nonysana B oneparasuoe nOA'-IlilHeHlile ABe C03AaHHbie BA BrK OH (oneparasao­ ro Ha3Ha'-leH~S1) - 4-10 (Jlerauua, I1HP) ~ 24-10 (BlilHH~u,a). B M~pHoe BpeMS1 BA BrK CH lil BA BrK OH nOA'-I~HS1JllilCb rJlaBHoMY KOMaHAOBaH~1O BBC. 3Aecb CTO~T OTMeT~Tb, '-ITO B aB \I1 a u,~ ~ I1BO nOA06Hbie 3KcneplilMeHTbi nposona­ Jl~Cb ~ paHee: B 1978 roAY Boc eMb lilan lil3 COCTaBa aB~au,lillil I1BO, AlilCJlou,~pO Ba B · uniecs Ha Tepp~TOp~S1X I1plilKapnaTcKoro ~ I1p~6aJlT~~CKOro BO, ua OCHOBaH ~ ~ Alil­ peKT\I1Bbl MO CCCP OT 18 H0S16pS1 1977 r. nepeAaBaJl\l1Cb B OnepaT\I1BHOe nOA'-IlilHe­ H\I1e BBC. Ocranu-ue xe \I1an 6blJl\l1 ne­ penasu B nOA'-IlilHeH\I1e KOMaHAYIOll\\I1M BBC BO Ha OCHOBaHlil\l1 A\I1peKT\I1Bbl rw BC CCCP OT 05 <!>eBpaJlS11980 r.

Hec MoTpS1 Ha TO, '-ITO rJlaBHO~ u,e­ JlblO pe<!>opM 6blJlO COBepweHCTBOBaH\I1e CTpyKTypbl BC lil C\I1CTeMbl ynpaBJleH\I1S1 lilMlil, A06~TbC S1 nOJlO)l(\I1TeJlbHblX pesvns­ TaTOB Ha:n OM nonpauie TaK \11 He YAaJlOCb: OH~ OKa3aJl\l1Cb '-Ipe3MepHO CJlO)l(HbIMlil, Aeu,eHTpaJllil30BaHHbIM\I1.

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Io1MeHoBaBwe~cSl «BO~CKOBO~ aB~aL(~e~ ».

B 1976 r. np~HSlTO peweH~e, B Ka4eCTBe SKcnep14MeHTa CepOpM~poBaTb Ha 6a3e OBO, nop,4~HSlBW14XCSl OA ~ TA B AanbBO, OBS on (orHeBo~ nOp,p,epl4<K~), HO Yl4<e C

MCp, ~ Tp,. YTO ~ 6blnO BbI­ nonaeso: B AanbBO noasanacs nae OBS on: B Senoropcxe 14 Eie3pe4HO~. OCHOB­ Hoe Ha3Ha4eH~e OBS on - uenocpen­ CTBeHHaSl oraesas nonaepxea BO~CK (B nepsvo o-epens, TaHKOBbIX) Ha none 6051.

3 Kcnep~MeHT 6bln np~3HaH ycnewHblM, ~ scxope aasanocs epOpM14pOBaH14e nonoo­ HblX crpyxryp no Bce~ Tepp14TOp~~ Co­ sercxoro COI03a.

Ho He ycnenn cnpaearscs C nocnea­ CTB~SlM14 BblweYKa3aHHo~ peepopMbl, KaK B 1986 r. 6blno Ha4aTO osepenaoe rpau­ p,1403Hoe npeoopaaosaaae: Ha crpoesue 4aCT~ crana soanararsca 6onbw~e 0651­ 3aHHOCT14 xacaevo OCBOeH14Sl TeXH14K14 Monop,blM neTHblM COCTaBOM, ocotieauo ­ B nnase 60eBoro np~MeHeH14Sl. Pauee ST~ 3ap,a4~ soanaranacs Ha UEin. KpoMe roro, npennonaranocs, 4TO 06cnyl4<14Ba­ H14e 14 TeKYLll~~ peMOHT 6yp,yT BblnonHSlTb cneuaansso coaaaeaevae asaauaonuue 6a3bl, a Ha lilAC aB14al..\~OHHbIX 4acTe~ p,Onl4<eH 6bln aoanararscs xonrpons npa­ B~nbHOCT~ arcnnvaraua» aB14aTeXH14K14. lil3MeHSln~cb 14 B3rnSlp,bl Ha nepsoua­ 4anbHoe neTHoe 06Y4eH14e B aB14al..\140H­ HblX BBY3ax: 60nbwe BpeMeH14 p,Onl4<HO 6blno yp,enSlTbcSl TeOp1414, a neraas non­ rOTOBKa ocyuiecranarsca no HeCKonbKO 143MeHeHHo~ cxeue, TaK, Hanp14Mep, B YepH~rOBCKOM BBAyn BO BTOPO~ none­ B14He 1980-x rr. KypcaHTbl aexoropax Bbl­ nycKoB OCBa14Ban14 2-3 T~na caMoneTOB (n-39, M14i-21, M~i-23), onasxo, npa STOM nporpaava 06y4eH14Sl Ha Kal4<p,OM ~3 H~X 6blna BeCbMa OrpaH144eHa, 14 np14 nepe­ xone Ha cnep,YIOLll14~ KYpC 06Y4aBw14~CSl npacrvnan K OCBOeH141O aosoro rana nA npaKT144eCK~ «CHynSl». C 1990 r. B Y414n~­ uie nepeurna Ha HOBylO cxeMy 06y4eH14Sl, xorna KypcaHTbl OCHOBHoe BpeMSl 06Y4a­ n~Cb Ha n-39, MaKC14ManbHO OCBa14BaSl n14nOTal4< 14 60eBoe np14MeHeH14e caMOne­ Ta, BKnlO4aSl noneTbl Ha 60eBoe MaHeBp14­ pOBaH~e napo~ 14 cTpenb6y HAP no Ha­ 3eMHbiM 06beKTaM, Ha npep,enbHo Mano~ BblcoTe, H04b1O np~ M14H14MYMe norop,bl', a Ha 4eTBepToM Kypce OH~ P,Onl4<Hbl 6bln14 np~cTyn~Tb K 06Y4eH~1O Ha caMoneTax M14i-29. Ho TyT HaCTan 1991 rop,...

B KOHl..\e 1980-x rr. BoeHHblM pyKO­ BOp,CTBOM 6blno np~HSlTO eLlle Op,HO p,o­ CTaT04HO npoT~Bope414Boe peWeH14e: ~3 COCTaBa aB~aL(I414 BbIBOp,~n14Cb Op,HOp,­ B14raTenbHble caMoneTbl M14i-23, M14i-27, Cy-17, BHe 3aB~C14MOCT~ OT rop,a BbtnycKa (a Bep,b Kpa~H14e npop,onl4<an14 CTP014Tb­ CSl 14 B 1990 r.!). np~ STOM p,enanOCb Bce STO B nonb3Y p,Byxp,B~raTenbHbIX Cy-24, Cy-25, M~i-29 14 Cy-27, KOTopble, no MHe­ H~IO PYKOBop,CTBa CTpaHbl (BoeHHbIX onSlTb 3a6bln14 cnpOC~Tb), 6bln~ SlK06bl 60nee 6e30naCHbIM~2. "nop, HOl4<» nown~ 14 4a­ CT~, ~MeBw~e orpOMHbl~ onblT 60eBO~ pa60Tbi B AepraH~CTaHe. npaKT~4eCK~ nonHOCTblO 6blna COKpaLlleHa ~cTpe6~­

TenbHo-60M6app,14pOB04HaSl aB~al..\14Sl (M~i-27 , Cy-17M), pe3KO YMeHbw14n~Cb 60eBbie B03MOl4<HOCT14 paaeeaaearens­ HO~ aB14al..\~14 (Cy-17MP), 3Ha414TenbHOMY COKpaLlleH141O nonseprnacs 14 6eCn14nOT­ HaSl aB~al..\14Sl . 3Ha414TenbHO YMeHbw~n~Cb B03MOl4<HOCT~ lilA no p,OCTaBKe TaKT~4e­ CK14X snepnux 60enp14nacoB. Ocranacs 6e3 nOnHOl..\eHHblX nOCTaHOBLll14KOB noaex 14 AanbHSlSl AB14al..\~Sl: Ty-16 ~ Ty-22 B ST~X BepC14SlX coxpauianacs, a p,OCTO~HO~ aa­ MeHbl 14M TaK ~ He aauinocs. np~ STOM cauoneru caasana nepero­ HSln~Cb Ha 6a3bl xpaHeH~Sl aB~al..\~OHHO~ TeXH14K~ (EiXAT), pacnonoxeuaue B Ky~­ 6blweBe (Ei06poBKa), Jlnneuxe, Pxese, CTen14, Cnaaropoae, TaM60Be, Tannsr­ KypraHe, Ye6eHbKax, -taraue (60nee 100 Ty-16), rne OH14 CTaB14n14Cb Ha xoucepaa­ I..\~IO C nocnep,YIOLll~M reoperasecxa B03­ MOl4<HbIM BBOp,OM B CTpO~. AnSl sroro Ha STO~ aB14aTeXH14Ke npennucusanocs npo­ BOp,~Tb pa3n~4Hble nepaonasecsae OC­ MOTpbl 14 pa60Tbi ennors no ra30BOK p,B~­ rarens. Op,HaKO Ha 06LlleM epOHe np06neM y "l4<~BbIX» nA (3an4aCT14, ronnaso, oecnv­ l4<14BaH14e) 04eHb CKOpO crane He P,O rex, xoropue 6bln~ Ha XpaHeH1414: C H~X Ha4an14 CH~MaTb 060pyp,oBaH14e 14 arperaru, a 3a­ TeM - YT14n~314pOBaTb , pa3614paSl, pa3pe­ sas, a ~Horp,a - npOCTO nonpuaas, nyc­ KaSl ~X Ha L(BeTMeT ~n14 rons B sone. TaK EiXAT, xoropue B nonHOM 06beMe onpas­ p,bIBan14 csoe Ha3BaH~e Bp,pyr14x crpasax, npeeparanacs B EiPAT (6a3bl pa3p,enK14 aB~aTeXH~KI-1), EiXYAT (6a3bl xpaHeH~Sl 14 YT~n~3aL(I-1~ aB~aTeXHI-1K~) ~ EiXnAT (6a3bl xpaueuaa 1-1 n~KBI-1p,al..\~1-1 aBl-1aTeXHI-1K~).

Ho scxope, Ha epOHe sceoouiero p,eepl-1­ uara aaaauaouuoro ronnasa, BbIBOp,~­ Mble ~3 ooeeoro COCTaBa nA nepecrana neperoaars naxe Ha 6a3bl, 0 KOTOpblX 6blno CKa3aHO saure, 1-1 crann YTl-1n1-131-1­ pOBaTb ~X npSlMO Ha 6blBweM aspop,pOMe 6a3I-1pOBaH~Sl I-1nl-1 npOCTO OTroHSlTb B ero "p,anbHI-1~ yron», rp,e MaWI-1Hbl nOCTeneHHO p,oxop,l-1n~ «p,o HYl4<HO~ KOHp,14I..\~I-1» caMO­ CTOSlTenbHO. ELlle op,Ha 6a3a "eCTeCTBeHHoro xpa­ HeH14Sl» OCTanaCb B YepH06blne, rp,e OKa­ 3anl-1Cb BepToneTbl, npl-1HI-1MaBWl-1e Y4ac­ T14e B n~KB~p,aL(14~ aBap14~ Ha YA3C. B np0l..\ecce cOKpaLlleH14~ 06bl4HbiX BoopYl4<eH~~ B EBpone He 060wnoCb 6e3 «BoeHHbIX X14TpOCTe~ » CO CTOpOHbl CCCP. TaK, nop, AorOBop He nonap,an14 aB14aL(14Sl BM<P, BB MBA, a TaKl4<e coep,~HeHI-1Sl ~ 4aCT14 , p,14cnOI..\14pYIOLll~ecSl 3a npep,ena­ M~ eBpone~cKo~ 4aCT14 CCCP. nOSTO­ My 132-51 6ap, 4-~ BA (3 nonKa Ha Cy-24) CTana 132-~ Mwap, Ei<P, 119-51 ~ap, 5-~ BA (nonK Ha M14i-23 ~ 2 nonKa Ha M14i-29) I Bcem no nporpaMMe 6b1no npeljYCMorpeHO OKO­ no 450 noneTOB C 06/ljIlM HaneTOM B 250~.

2 BCKope O~epeljb Ij owna IIIjO IjBYXIjBWarenbHblX MawIIH: yJKe B 1991 r. 6b1no cBepHyro npOll3BOljcrBOII

Mllr-29.

17

nepeoaaaposau B r,lJ,p. VlHorAa, YTo6bl y)l( COBceM aanyrars npOT~BH~Ka, MeH51n~Cb Ae~CTB~TenbHble Ha~MeHOBaH~51 aenauu­ OHHblX YaCTe~ . TaK , Hanp~Mep, 35-~ an~6 (LJ.ep6CT) nocne porauan ero 53-M rnan (UJayn51~) cran 53-M an~6, a ~cTpe6~­ TenbHbl~ nonx - 35-M ruan. npOAon)l(anOCb ~ nepesoopvxeaa­ ~e aB~al.\~OHHbI X YaCTe~ Ha HOBbie B~Abl aB~aL\~OHHO~ Te XH~K~ (Cy-27, M~r-29 , M~r-31) . A BTypKSO aaaauaouuue nonxa (152 -~ ~ 156-~) 6bln~ B aasane 1980-x rr. nepenasu ~3 COCTaBa aB~aL\~~ nso Bco­ CTaB aB~al.\~~ SSC. Bnocnencrsan 152-~ nan 6bln CHOBa BKnlOyeH B COCTaB aaua­ L\~~ nso, a 156-~ ~an 6bln nepeaoopv­ )I(eH Ha cavoneru Cy-17 ~ cran an~6oM .

C 1990 r. nonxu CHOBa 6bln~ nepenaau B COCTaB aB~al.\~~ nso, 156 -~ nonx CHOBa cra n ~cTpe6~TenbHbIM , HO BCTpeT~n pac­

BMeCTe C 841-M

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(Mepua,

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crana 119-~ M~aA LleP. Ta xe yyaCTb no­ crnrna 43-~ an~6 (Llo~6ancaH, MHP), CTaBW~M

43-M OMWan LleP (Fsapneacsoe) COCTaBa 36-~ SA (cr an 88-M osnuan CeP). 3T~ «MeTaMopcj>o3bl» npo~c xoA~n~, B OCHOBHOM, B TeYeH~e 1989 r. Scero TaK~M o6pa30M B COCTaB aB~aL\~~ SMeP 6blno nepenaso 10 aB~a­ L\~OHHbIX YaCTe~ ~ oxono 400 nA. KpoMe roro, 'c TO~ xe uenuo, ABa roan (52-~ ~ ~ 88-~ a n ~ 6 ~3

251-~ rBapAe~C K~~) 6bln~

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nepenasu

60eBbiXYaCTe~ BCOCTaB 43-ro LJ.6n.

KpOMe nposero, npononxanacs pe­

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a B ~ a L\ ~ ~

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~

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3 B 1991 r. non« cran 841'M otnnea, t.e. nOMeHRn M"r-23 Ha M,,· 14(!) - cny~aii tlOCTa TO ~HO yH"KanbHblii. A yJKe B 1992 r. non« COKpamn" .

18

CpeAHe~ A3~~. eA~HeH~51

TaK , B 1989 r. nocne 06b­

Cpenaeaaaarcxoro

~

Tvpxecr­

aackoro BoeHHblX oxpyros 49-51 SA ~ 73-51 SA 6bln~ cnaru B OAHy - 73-10, sourezi­ uivo B COCTaB Ivpxecranceoro BoeHHO­ ro oxpyra.

KpOMe roro, B nepnon C 1987 r.4 no aaxano 1990 r. 6bln ~ pacoopuapoaaua, KaK M~H~MYM, 29 aB~aL\~OHHbIX (sepro ­ neruux) nonxos.

TaK)I(e esmonasnacs 3aMeHa YaCTe~ , neTaBW~ X aa cavonerax Cy-24 B asaa­ L\~~ rcm; aa asaavacra, axcnnvarupo­ saaume cavoneru M~r-29, M~r-27 ~ Cy­ 25. TaK, Hanp~Mep , 3HaMeH~Tbl~ 368-~ owan nocne BblBOAa ~ 3 Acj>raH~craHa 6bln , B 3TO Tt ot; 6b1n Ha~a T eueon COBeTCKOii aB"a u"" "3 MHP, KOTOPblii oc/Jl1u"anbHOseeeoumnc« 25 ceHTR­ 6pR 1992r.

~Wll(] nanCCCP, ~Me51 Ha BOOPY)I(eH~~ ~ CaMO­ neru M~I-29, ~ Cy-17M3.

Ho BTO xe BpeM51 Ha ¢OHe aceoeuiero coxpauieuaa B 1989 r. 6bln~ C03AaHbi TP~ HOBblX aB~aLJ,~OHHbIX nonxa: 235-~ sran (Ceuia, AH-124), 144-~ oan APno (Way­ n51~) , 100-~ ~HCTPYKTOPCKo-~cnbITaTenb­ Hbl~

nonx (CaK~, aa 3HaMeH~TO~ HltlTKA).

B 1991 r. aa 6a3e 6blBwero 186-ro van (6YTypn~HoBKa) Sopacorneticeoro BBAyn 6bln C¢OpM~poBaH 186-(;1 uuran Ha Cy-25.

KpoMe roro, P51A ornensaux TpaHC­ nopruux 3cKaAP~n~(;1 nocne npaeva aB~aLJ,~OHHO~ TeXH~K~ ~3 ICB pa3Bopa­ Y~Ban~Cb AO WTaTOB aB~aLJ,~OHHbIX non­ KOB: Hanp~Mep, 177-51 rBOTa3, A~CnOLJ,~­ pOBaBwa51c51 B B~HH~LJ,e , B 1991 r. crana 456-M rsocan, 20-51 OTa3 (Cuoneuc«) C 7 Ma51 1988 r. crana 103-M orran 46 -~ BA BIK, a 142-51 ocaa CBepAnoBK (KonbLJ,OBo) B 1989 r. 6blna paaaepayra B390-(;1 ocan.

OAHaKo caMblM XYAW~M 51B~nOCb TO, 'ITO n~W~BW~Cb CBO~X a3pOAPOMOB B BOCTOYHO(;1 Espone, Ha~60nee nOArOTOB­ neHHblx, 3aw,~w,eHHblx ~ ocaauieauax, CCCP BblHY)l(AeH 6bln BbIBeCT~ CBOIO asa­ aLJ,~1O Ha MeHee nonroroaneuaue aspo­ APOMbl (aasacryo, Ha a3pOAPOMbi soeu­ HblXBY30B), a MTC - npaKT~YeCK~ «B Y~­ CTOe none». TaK, Hanp~Mep , 688 -~ oT6Bn (Jleraaua, nHP)6bln BblBeAeH B 6enopyc­ C~IO Ha rpYHTOBbl(;1 a3pOAPOM )f(enYAOK, 51Bn51BW~MC51 a3pOAPOMOM paccpenoro­ YeH~51 132-(;1 rtian, rae He 6blno H~YerO, KpoMe HeCKonbK~X W,~TOBbI X AOM~KOB. A yxe sepes nonrona nonx 6bln paccop­ M~poBaH ...

Bce 3TO He Morno He CKa3aTbC51 Ha 60ecnoc06HOCT~ aB~aLJ,~~ BC B LJ,enoM. Ho rnaBHoe - nIOA~ . TbIC51Y~ neTY~KOB oxasanacs nocne " C b I TO ~ MaTywK~-EBPO­ nu» norpY)l(eHHblM~ C ronosoa B peanua HOBO~ )I(~3H~ : ranouu , KynOHbl , osepena, nOBceMeCTHbl~ Ae¢~LJ,~T (B TOM Y~cne, KaK H~ CTpaHHO, ~ aB~aTonn~Ba) . OCTpO

,­

MeCTa HOBO~ Al1CnOKa4~U1 aBl1a41111 113COCTaBa rpynn COBeTCKl1X BO~CK

OTKyAa BblBOAI1JlI1Cb rAP' nHP BHP 4Cet:>P MHP Bcero:

06l1.\ee KOJlI1'leCTBO nOJlKOB 32

KYAa BblBeAeHbI

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PaC<popMHpoaaHbl ua MeCTe YKpal1Ha 6eJlapYCb Ka3axcTaH Y36eKI1CTaH AI1CJlOKalJ,1111 1 1 .2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 -

9 6

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CT051n ~ KBapT~pHbl~ sonpoc, nruoc no­ CT051HHble cospauieuas. YpOBeHb MO­ panbHo-nC~XonOr~YeCKOrO

COCT051H~51

aaaaropos (na ~ He ronsxo ~x) pe3KO no­ H~3~nC51 ... TaK, TOnbKO Creppnropua lAP 6blno BblBeAeHO 60nee 300 aB~aLJ,~OHHbIX yaCTe(;1 ~ nOApa3AeneH~(;1 paanasaoro Ha3Ha4eH~51 (60eBble ~ 06ecne4eH~51), 60nee 30000 4enOBeK n~4Horo COCTaBa, a BeAb nOYT~ 3a Ka)l(AblM ~3 H~X CT051na ew,e ~ ceMb51. no BocnoM~HaH~51M 04eB~ALJ,eB, B no­ cneAH~e AH~ nepeA OKOHYaH~eM cpOKa BblBOAa BO~CK ~3 ICBI CT051n HacTo51w,~(;1 aapan: Aa6bl ycners BOBpeM51, nepero­ H51naCb BC51 OCTaBwa51C51 aa npenenava CCCP aB~aTe XH~Ka. HeB3~pa51 Ha ee ~c ­ npaBHOCTb, MeTeoycnoB~51 ~ ypoBeHb nOAroTOBK~ 3K~na )j(e~ . Hano 6bln0 He YAa­ P~Tb B n~LJ,O nepen 3anaAOM, CKOTOpblMY CCCP aanaxaaanacs HOBbie OTHoweH~51 . no BocnOM~HaH~51M O¢~LJ,~anbHbI X npencraaarenea etJPI, OH~ He oxunan«, 'ITO CCCP peunrr BbIBeCT~ CBO~ Bo(;1cKa TaK 6blCTPO ~ 6e3 OC06blX ycnoB~(;1. OH~ AYMan~, 'ITO ace 3TO 6YAeT ocyuiecra­ n51TbC51 He roponscs, aanpnvep, no 3CKa­ AP~nbe B MeC51LJ" rOTOB~n~Cb CTPO~Tb B MeCTax BblBOAa BO(;1CK Ha repparopna CCCP BoeHHble roponxa ~ yny4waTb ~ X ~H¢paCTpY KTYPY . Ho pYCCK~e np~BbIKn~ «rvnsr s, TaK rynsrs», XOT51 , B OTn~4~e OT BHP ~ YCetJP, B lAP COBeTCK~e Bo(;1cKa HaXOA~n~Cb Ha COBepweHHO 3aKOHHblX

OCHOBaH~51X

- no norosopy OT 1945 r. ltl Morn~ 6bl HaXOA~TbC51 ~ no ce(;1 AeHb, KaK 3TO nenaior aMep~KaHcK~e aoacxa...

Kporae roro, scerna nopaxann xpaa­ HOCT~ , B «oropue opocanocs nonaruve­ cxoe, a cneAOM aa H~M - ~ soeaaoe py­ KOBOACTBO crpauu. Ecna y)l(e py6~n~ , TO nOA xopeus, ecna pacrnna - TO AO sefiec.

TaK, Hanp~Mep, BO BpeM51 Kapaficxoro Kp~3~ca orpaoaruaanocs paccpenoro­ 4eH~e aB~aLJ,~~ no a3pOAPOMaM C IBnn. ltl KorAa pesvnsraru oxaaanacs COBceM He TeM~, xoropue oxunanacs, Tpe60Ba­ H~e no B03MO)l(HOCT~ axcnnyarauaa "C rpyura» 6blno B03BeAeHO B paar nepsoo­ YepeAHblX, np~YeM npaKT~YeC K~ An51 scex caaoneros, B Y~cno KOTOPbl X nonann ~ COBceM aanexae OT peweH~51 nOA06Horo pona 3aAa4 MaW~Hbl. ltln~, KaK 6blno C Vln-28 , BbIB03~MbIX nocne Ky6~HcKoro Kp~3~ca C OCTpOBa CB060Abl, KOrAa paA~ nOKa3Ho(;1 orxpu­ TOCT~ nepen CWA, cavoneru ompaans­ n~Cb BCCCP np51MO Ha nany6axroproeux CYAOB. A 3aTeM B pesvnsrare B03Ae(;1cT­ B~51 MOPCKO~ BOAbl 60nbW~HCTBO MaW~H 6blno BblBeAeHO ~3 CTp051 . Ho 3aTO noxa­ 3an~ BeAb! Vln~ , xorna B 1991 r. AO nocneaaero T51Hynli1 C c06nlOAeHIi1eM xonasecr sa nA B 30He AO Ypana ~ n03ToMY B Kpa~Hli1e He­ Aen~ Ii1 AH~ rHan~ TYAa aBli1aTe xH~KY rno­ 6blM cnoc060M ~ Ha nlO6ble a3poAPoMbl, HO%IO ~ np~ YMn, n~Wb 6blycneTb...

19

Pa3Mel1.\eH"e aB"al4"OHHbIX (BepTOlleTHbIX) nOllKOB, 3CKaAP"11"~ " OTpSlAOB no repparopaav pecny611"K CCCP Ha CepeA"HY 1990 r. AO Ha'lalla MacwTa6Horo BblBOAa COBeTCK"X BOVICK "3 EBponbl OTAel1bHblX asaauaOHHblX (aepTOl1eTHbIX) 3CKaAPI-lI1I-li-1

OTAel1bHblX aal-la~I-lOHHblX (aeproneraex) orpsnoe (3aeHbea), asaarpynn

KOI1I-l~eCTaO

(aepTOl1eTHbIX) nOI1KOa

226 76 25 20

111 31 15 10

36 2

7

8

11

3

9 7

6 5

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7

3

Typ KMeHI-l~

6 4 3

1 2

12440 3855 1130 800 600 520 455 380 330 245 175 160 75

Pecny611111Ka CCCP

Aal-la~I-lOHHblX

PCCl:>CP YKpal-l Ha 6el1opyccl-l~

Ka3aXCTaH A3ep6ai-1AlKaH Y36eKI-lCTaH Jl a T a l-l ~

3 3

3

55

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403 MO~HO np~BeCT~

201 ~H­

0 TOM , KaK paanenuna Me~AY c060ill nO CTCOBeTCK~e crpasu aaaaumo 6bIBW~ X Ipynn BoillcK BCCCCP. KaK B~AHO ~3 Ta6n~u,bl, orono 7S% aB~au,~OHHbI X ~ seproneruux nonxos 6bln~ nepeoaanpoaaau Ha repparopmo PCcPCP/PcP, no 7-8% - Ha Tepp~Top~~ Y Kpa~Hbl ~ 5enapyc~. BblBOA asaaunon­ HblX 'lacTeill ~ nOApa3AeneH~iIl OCYLlleCTB­ nsncs: ~ 3 BHP - B 1989-1991 rr., lAP ­ 1991-1994 rr., MHP -1987-1990 rr., nHP­ 1990-1992 rr., YCcPP - B 1989-1991 rr.

CYAb6a AaHHblXaB~au,~OHHbI X sacrea, OAH~ X ~3 caaux 60eBblx, oxaaanacs He­ 3 aB~AHoill: y ~e B 1990-1994 rr. 23 ~3 H~ X 6bln~ coxpauieau. flo cne pacnana CCCP PcP nonv-uina np~MepHo S2% aB~aTe XH~K~ ~ 6S% n~'l­ aero COCTaBa COBeTCK~ X BBC, CTaB, B KOHe'lHOM ~Tore, eA~HCTBeHHbIM Ha nOCT­ COBeTCKOM npOCTpaHCTBe rOCYAapCT­ BOM , 06naAa1OLll~M caMoneTaM~ AanbHeill aB~au,~~ . B OCHOBHOM, BblBOA aB~au,~~ C repparopan 6bIBW~X pecnytinn«CCCP Ha Tepp~TOp~1O PcP npowen ycneun-o: KaK

20

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47

35 21255

HeCKonb KO A eC~T KOB -acrea 3AeCb caoe HOBoe MeCTO A~ C­ noxaua«.TaK, nonaocruo 6blna euaeneua rpvnnapoexa BBC, nBO, BMcP ~3 np~6an­ T~iIlcK~X pecnvtinu«, 34-~ BA ~3 3aKaB­ Ka3b~, 'laCT~'lHO - ~3 5 enapyc~ (serape roan, OA~H onpan ~ TP~ 6an), nO K~Hyn~ 3 KC - CO B eTCK ~ e MaW~Hbl Monnosv, Cpen­ HIOIO A3~1O ~ 3aKaBKa3be.

B 06Llleill cn O~ H O CT~, na TepP~TO­ P~IO PcP ~3 nO CT COBeT~~ 6blno BblBe­ AeHO 44 aB~ au,~OHHbI X ~ aepronernu x nonxa, ocranssue nocranacs 6blBWI1M pecny6nl1KaM CCCP. liI3 5enapyc~ 6bln~ BblBeAeHbl 8 113 24 nonxos, 113 A3ep6aill­ nxaaa - 3 113 6, IPY31111 - 8 113 9, Kaaax­ CTaHa - 3 113 lS , TypKMeHl111 - 2 113 6. nepe6a311pOBanl1Cb K HOBblM MeCTaM cny~6bl y~e Ha Teppl1TOpl111 PcP ece nonK~ ~3 np~6anTl1i1lc Kl1 x pecny6nl1K ~ TaA~~K~cTaHa . B TO xe apevs , He YAa­ nOCb H~'lerO B~BeCTI1 113 7 nonKOB B Y36eK~cTaHe ~ rpex - B Kl1pr1131111 . liI3 YKpal1Hbl B PcP nepenerena xacrs Ty-160 (60nee 30%) 184-ro rroan 11 I1Bn 113 CO­ CTaBa 8S9-ro Yl...l (Kava) , M~H~MYM , nonY'l~n~

npl1 3TOM BblBOA aBl1au,110HHb1X -ra­ crea C reppwropua A3ep6aillA~aHa 11 IPY­ 31111 6bln aasepuiea B 1992 r., 3CTOHI111 ­ 1993 r., 5enapycI1, kaaaxcrana, naTBI111, n~TBbl - B 1994 r. liI3 YKpa~Hbl Ty-160 11 Ty-9S nepenerenn B PcP B 2000-2001 rr., a 8S9-iIl Yl...l neperiaaaposancs B EiIlcK B 2009 r. ABa nonxa nOK~Hyn~ Teppl1TOp~1O TYPKMeH~cTaHa B 1992 ~ 1999 rr., a TaA­ ~ ~ K ~ CTa H a - B200S r. liI3 86 B~BeAeHH~ X B 1990-2009 r~ Ha repparopmo PcP aenasacrea (~3 Ipynn BoillcK ~ C TeppI1TOp~~ APyr~x 6bIBW~X pecnvoru« CCCP) OCHOBHa~ ~x Macca neperiaaaposanacs B MBO - 23, CKBO ­ 22 11 nYpBO - 18; 7 nomos ompaeanacs BneHBO, 4 - 3a6BO, no 2 - B AanbBO ~ CI16BO. Mecra BblBOAa eLlle BOCbM~ non­ KOB asropy He~3BeCTHbl, B03MO~HO, caM~ 'laCTI1 paccopuapoauaanacs Ha MeCTe, a I1X nA cpaav ornpaansna Ha 6a3bl xpaHe­ HI1~ ~ no APyrl1M 'laCT~M. 3a npenenava PcP OCTan~Cb 4 ner­ HblX BBY3a (YepH~roBcKoe, Xapsxoacxoe BBAyn, Jlyraacxoe BBAYW, cPpYH3eH­ CKOe AY) ~ , KaK M~HI1MYM, ABa 1...15n (H~­ xonaea, 5epA~HCK) ~ TP~ Yl...l (Ka-a, Mapbl, Jlvroaas). Ha YKpa~He octanes ~ ~cnbl­ TaTenbHblill ueurp, pacnonoxeaauti Ha a3pOAPOMe K~pOBCKoe. KpOMe roro, Ha Tepp~TOp~1O PcP 6bln~ BblBeAeHbl rons­ KO vnpaaneaas 12-iIl ~ 19-iIl OA nBO, a I1X aBl1aTe XH~Ka ~ sanacu MTC AOCTan~Cb reneps y ~e 6blBWI1M pecny6n~KaM CCCP. Ho He Be3Ae see npowno rnanxo: y~ Cnl1WKOM HeO ~I1AaHHbIM 6bln 3TOT nOBO­ POT BCYAb6ax MHOrl1X eceanocnvxauu- x, OKa 3aBW~ XC~ snana OT csoea I1CTOpl1'le­ cKoill POA~Hbl. n03TOMy-TO nOT~Hynl1cb euie ~ sepeaauu nlOAeill B norosax B noncxax ny'lweill, no ~ x MHeH~IO, ~ 11 3 H I1 ~3 OAH~ X pecnytinax 6blBwero COlO3a B npyrwe.

/!1cnonb30BaHbJ cpom AneKCaH/1,pa rOnbl..la, Itoncee 1-1 1-1 3 cem /!1HTepHeT

HI-1 KOna~

~WJll{]

tPopManbHO He3aSUCUMblM or KuraUCKOU UMnepuu ~UH rocy,llapCrBOM MOH­ ronu« crana B 1911 r. C 1911 no 1921 r. oro Henpu3HaHHoe rocy,llapCrBO, ynpaB­ nseuoe senUKUM xaHOM 6or,llo-f3r3HoM VIII (c'mrancfl MOHronbCKUM enenorot« ,Qanau·flaMbl 11 MecrHblM 3eMHblM eonnotuennet« 6YA,llbl), 6blnO nporeKTOpaTOM Bcocteee POCCUUCKOU HMnepuu, a 3areM, nerot« 1919 r., nocne Ha'lana B Poccne fpalK,llaHCKOH BOHHbI, MOHronulO, BKnlO'IaR ee cTOnl1LlY Ypry (HblHe YnaH-6aTop) oKKynupoBanu Kl1rauLlbl.

3HaKOB BBC ABP BMeCTO xpacau x nSH~­ KOHeYHbl X 3Be3A ~cnonb30Ban~ «pacuo­ C~H~e pOM6bl).

AaHHoe 3BeHO coaepumno HeCKonbKO AeCS1TKOB auneroa Ha paaaency ~ 60M­ 6eJKK~ OCTaTKOB "A3~aTcKo~ KOHHoill A~­ B~3~~ », sa koropue -erupe yYaCTBOBaB­ unix B 3TO~ ycneun-o aaaepumsureaca

3TO 6bln~ 4 cavonera (ABa -Consasa­ nonYTopOCTOeYHbIX", OA~H ePapMaH-30 ~ OA~H "CanbMCOH") ~3 COCTaBa aauauan ABP (AanbHeBOCTOYHaS1 Pecnytinvuca, nonaocrso noncoarponsuoe PCePCP, HO ¢opManbHO He3aB~C~Moe ,,6y¢ epHoe rOCYAapCTBO ", xoropoe 6blno C03AaHO B KOHu,e 1920 r. nocne Bbl XOAa YaCTe~ PKKA BOCTOYHee 5a~Kana AnS1 ynpouie­ H~S1 AanbHeillwe~60pb6blC S1nOHCK~M~ ~HTepBeHTaM~. ABP npocvurecracaana AO 1922 r., B kasecrae onoaaasarensaux

onepauau nanora ~ TP~ neruaoa nonyY~­ n~ opnesa 50eBoro Kpacsoro 3HaMeH~ .

B 1921 r.

KIt1Ta~u,bl 6bln~ ~3rHaHbl ~3

Ypru "A3~aTcKo~ KOHHO~ A~B~3~e~ "

(60nee yeM Ha 50% CocTOS1Bwe~ ~3 MOH­ ronos) 6enorBapAe~CKOro r euepana, oapoaa P.eP. ¢OH YHrepHa-WTepH6epra .

5YAYY~ nC~ X~yeCK~ He OyeHb 3AOPOBbiM YenOBeKOM, 6apOH YHrepH BeCbMa caoe­ 06pa3HO nOH~Man CMblcn csoea M~CC~~ B 3T~X «pasx (snocnencrsaa repMaHCK~e Hau,~cTbl CY~Tan~ ero "~CT~HHbIM ap~~­ ueu», nOTOMKOM KpeCTOHOCu,eB) ~ noaa­ yany Ao6~BancS1 pecraapauan MeCTHo~ MOHapx~~ , OAHOBpeMeHHo npensrcrsvs «coaet nsauaa MOHron~~ ". 3aTeM , B xa­ KO~-TO MOMeHT, OH nonsrranca vavpruipo­ sars ¢aKT~YeCKYIO snacrs B 3TO~ crpaue, OAHOBpeMeHHO H~ Croro, H~ Ccero 06b­ S1B~B 0 He06xOA~MOCT~ «cposuoro B03PO­ JKAeH~S1 ~Mnep~~ Lj~Hr~3-XaHa OT Tnxoro okeana AO Kacnas », OAHOBpeMeHHo Ha­ -aa 60eBbie Ae~CTB~S1 nporua COBeTcKo~ Poccnn. 3T~ ~Ae~ ~ Ae~cTB~S1 Yarepua He BCTpeT~n~ H~ Maneillwero nOH~MaH~S1 y MOHronoB ~ yJKe B MapTe 1921 r. COCTO­ S1ncS1 yYpeA~TenbHbl~ Cbe3A Mourons­

LjacT~ Yarepaa 6bln~ pasfiaru, caM 6apOH co CBO~M wTa60M nonan B nneu KPKKA, a B ceHTS16pe 1921 r., nocne noxasarens­ aero npou,ecca B Hosoaaxonaeecse (HblHe HOBOC~6~pCK) 6bln Ka3HeH. 5 H0S16pS1 1921 r. uaponsoe MOHronb­ cxoe npaeatensctao (AO cveprv xaua 50rAO-r3r3Ha VIII B 1924r. MOHron~S1 cop­ ManbHO c-urranacs MOHapx~e~) 3aKnIOY~­ no C PCePCP norosop 0 noopococencrax

CKO~ HapoAHo-PeBOnlOu,~oHHO~napT~~,

npencraewrenn

KOTOPO~

ofiparanacs aa KPCePCP. V1MeHHo B XOAe nocnenyiouu-x 60eB nporas 6apoHa Yur epua , B MOHronb­ CKOM He6e enepeue nOS1B~naCb aaaauns.

BoeHHo~ nOMO~blO

"C%>apMaHbl -30 . H . Co n H'I - n on YTo p aCTOe'l HbIH. BBC ABP Ha a3pOAPOMe B paHoHe CTaH4HI1 1920 r. B 1921 r, HMeHHO 3TH caMoneTbl y'lacTBoBanH B 60RX nporas "A 3I1aTc Ko H KOHHOH AHBH3HH' 6apOHa lj>OH YHrepH3 aa reppuropaa MOHrOnl1H

Tapbararaa B asrycre

21

Pa3BeA'II1KI1 P-l BYnaH -IiaTOpe. Ha CaMOneTaX HaHeCeHbl onoauaearensaue 3HaKI1 BBC PKKA, neTHO-TeXHII'IeCKIIH nepcosan MOHronbCKIIH. Ha ¢loTOrpa¢lI1RX cnpaBa II BHlt3Y Bl.leHTpe BItAeH COBeTCKItH ItHCTPYKTOp. CHIIMKIt nepltoAa 1927-1930 rr ,

OTHOWeHIt1Sl X. 26 HOSl6pSl 1924 r., nocne CMepTIt1 MeCTHoro MOHapxa 6blna06pa30­ saaa Mouronscxa« Haponsas Pecnyona­ xa (MHP), nocne sero Benl1KIt1i1 HapoAHbli1 Xypan (MecTHbli1 napnaaesr, <j)aKTlt1ye­ CKIt1 asanor Bepxosaoro COBeTa CCCP) npl1HSln Hanl1caHHYIO no copasuv PC<PCP KOHCTI1TYl.\1t11O MHP. 3aTeM COCTOSlncSl 3-i1 Cbe3A MOHronbcKoVi Haponao-Peso­ nlOl.\110HHoi1 napTIt1I1, Ha KOTOpOM 6blno 06bSlBneHo 0 He06xOAI1MOCTIt1 C03Aa­ HI1Sl pervnspaux aoopvxeuuux cun MHP, a raxxe 0 TOM, YTO MHP nonxsa It1MeTb aauaumo: KaK soeaavo, TaK It1 rpaxnauc­ KylO. B 3TOT MOMeHT Ha reppwropau MHP

aaxonanncs yaCTIt1 PKKA, Ha nououn, KO­ ropu x B <j)OpMlt1pOBaHI1I1 MOHronbcKoi1 HapoAHoi1 ApMlt11t1 It1 pacc-unueana MeCT­ Hble PYKOBOAIt1Tenlt1 .

Ho ecnn C06yyeHI1eM It1 OCHaLlleHlt1eM cvxonvraux sacrea (OCHOBOi1 MHA crana napa KaBaneplt1V1CKIt1X AIt1BIt131t1i1, oprauaao­ BaHHblX no COBeTcKoMy 06pa3l.\y, CnerKoi1 aprunnepaea Ha KOHHOVI rsre It1 MIt1HIt1­ MyMOM rsxenoro BoopYlKeHI1Sl) OC06blX np06neM He B03HIt1KnO , TO C BBC ace 6blnoHe TaK npocro.

25 MaSl 1927 r. B Ynaa-Earop C aru­ Tal.\1t10HHbIMIt1 l.(enSlMIt1 npunerena rpa co­ BeTCKIt1 X naccaxapcxax cauonera Ju-13

(no APyn1M AaHHblM Ju-13 6bln 0AIt1H, HO BMeCTe C HIt1M B MOHron1t11O nplt16blnlt1 rpa pa3BeAYIt1Ka P-1), xoropue BblnOnHlt1nlt1 PSlA noxaaarensuux noneros no acea repparopaa MHP, a C 1926 r. Ha rex xe Ju-13 a racxe cavonerax npyrnx Tlt1nOB 6blnb OpraHIt130BaHO OTHOCIt1TenbHO pery­ nspaoe B03AywHoe coobuieuue C MOH­ ronlt1ei1 . Pei1cbl BblnOnHSlnlt1Cb C reppu­ TOplt11t1 CCCP B Ynaa-Earop , a raxxe 1t13 Ynaa-Earopa B BOCTOYHble ai1MaKIt1 (06­ naCTIt1) MHP: nepeaoannacs naccaxupu, nOYTa 11 pa3nwmble cpo-u-ue, ueraca­ plt1THble rpyssr. 06 I1HTeHCI1BHOCTIt1 3TIt1X noneros cei1Yac TPYAHO CYAIt1Tb , HO, no Kpai1Hei1 Mepe, 1t13 CCCP B cronauy MHP crapanncs nerars He MeHee onaoro paaa B MeCSll.\, ecn« noasonsna norona It1 co­ CTOSlHlt1e TeXHI1KI1, BblnOnHSlSl peacu «no He06xoAIt1MOCTW>. A nepauv, KTO sunon­ Hlt1n pervnspuue «BHYTpIt1 MOHrOnbCKlt1 e" aaaapejicu cran COBeTCKIt1i1 nunor H. Jla­ nlt1H (npasna, 1t13 It1MelOLllIt1XCSl It1CTOYHI1KOB TOYHO He SlCHO Ha KaKOM It1MeHHO rune ca­ MoneTa OH neran), OAHOBpeMeHHO, B 1925-1926 rr. B paaose Ynaa-Earopa 6blnlt1 paaueuieau HeCKonbKO (06bIYHO rosopsr 03-5 MaWIt1­ sax, It1HorAa B AOKyMeHTax 3TO <j)OPMIt1­ poaaaue aasuaaor 3cKaAPlt1nbe(1) paa­ BeAYIt1KOB P-1 BBC PKKA. B 1926 r. yaCTIt1 Kpacaoa APMIt1It1 nOKI1Hynl1 MHP, 11 3TIt1 caaonetu nepeuina nOA MOHronbCKoe

rpynna MOHronbCKIlX aanaropoe , HarpalKAeHHblX 0PAeHaMItnocne «r aypaucxoro ItHI.lItAeHTa. 1936 r, Bo BTOpOM PRAY cneaa CTOIlT nanor A3M6epen It CTpenOK-neTHa6 AoplK.

22

Ilapaunomaa nOArOTOBKa nanoroe BBC MHP. 1937-1938 rr,

~fJThJ{j KOMaHAOBaHli1e, a COBeTCKIi1~ neTHbl~ Ii1 nepcouan ocrancs B MOH­ rOmlli1 BKa4eCTBe COBeTHIi1KOB Ii1 Ii1HCTpyK­ TOpOB. Co cnenvouiero, 1927 r., Ha oaae 3TO~ 3CKaAPli1nbli1 Ha4anli1 nOArOTOBKy MOHronbCKIi1X neT41i1KOB Ii1 MeXaHIi1KOB. nO-BIi1AIi1MOMY, Ii1MeHHO P-l crann nepBblMIi1 caaoneraua, Ha xoropue MO­ rna 6blTb aaneceua noxoxas Ha nli1paMIi1­ AY 3M6neMa BBC MOHron1i11i1 B BIi1Ae rocy­ napcraeauoro CIi1MBOna «coeuco» (4Ii1CTO 6YAAIi1CTCKIi1~ CIi1MBOn, rpa<!>1i14eCKIi1 060­ 3Ha4a1OLllIi1~ onaoapeveuaoe C04eTaHIi1e conuua, nyHbl , BceneHHo~, npownoro, uacrosuiero Ii1 6YAYLllero). KaK npasano, coevoo kpacaoro Ii1nli1 xerrroro ueera pn­ cosanacs Ha Kli1ne cavoneroe BBC MHP, B 1940-1950-e rr. CYLlleCTBOBan sapaaar 3TO~ 3M6neMbl, xorna Ha OKpaweHHOM B KpacHbl~ user Kli1ne cavonera , a Ii1HorAa Ii1 Ha HaKpaweHHblX Ha Kpblnbfl Ii1 <!>103enfl)l( xpacaux nonsx Ii1nli1 xaanpara x pIi1COBa­ IlIi1 coeM60 6enoro Ii1nli1 xerrroro usera. B OCHOBHOM, Ha xpunsax cavoneros BBC MHP coxpaasnace COBeTCKli1e xpacuue nflnlKOHe4Hbie 3Be3Abi (6e3 OKaHTOBKIi1, C 4epHo~ Ii1nli1 6eno~ oKaHToBKo~), xorcpue MOrnli1 nononusrsca xenroa OKaHTOBKO~ Ii1nli1 coeuoo , Hapli1COBaHHblM no ueurpv 3Be3Abi (H a HeceHHo~ Ha Kli1neBO~ 3Be3Ae Ii1nli1 acex Ii1MelOLllIi1XCfl Ha KOHKpeTHOM an­ napare 3Be3Aax). OT nmli1KOHe4HbiX 3Be3A BBC MHP OKOH4aTenbHO orxaaanacs rons­ KO B1997-1999 rr.

TeXHW~eCKIi1~

EiYAYLI\I1~ Mapwan aBl1a~1111 B. CYAe~ (cnesa) 11 KOM3HAI1P 3BI130TpRA3 BBC MHP Y. WarA3cYP3H (B uearpe). I1HTepecHo, 'ITO CYAeu HOCI1T MOHronbcKYIO BoeHHYIO <!>OPMY, 3 CTORLI\I1~ cnpaaa HeI13BeCTHbl~ COBeTCKI1~ neT'II1K 111111 TeXHI1K OAeT Brl1MHaCTepKY BBC PKKA. Yn3H-Ei3Top, 1938 r,

nnouianok «Ha 6YAYLllee,,), Ae~CTBYfl BIi1H­ repecax Ha3eMHbiX BO~CK. Cosepuian, nonuoueuuue 60eBbie BblneTbl B TOT nepuon He Tpe60BanOCb, XOTfl 06CTaHoBKy Ha rpaaauax MOHro­ nli1li1 TPYAHO 6blno Ha3BaTb cnOKO~HO~ .

Bo-nepBbIX, annors AO aasana 1930-x rr. ue-rrpansaas snacn, B cocensev KIi1Tae 6blna ocnafineua Ii1 ornensuue era ce­ BepO-BOCT04Hble npOBIi1Hl.\1i11i1 KOHTpOnli1­

posanacs reuepanawa-cenaparacraaa, «oropue HaXOAli1nli1Cb B COCTOflHli11i1 nep­ MaHeHTHO~ rpa)l(AaHCKO~ BO~Hbl npvr C npyrov , a KpOMe Taro Ii1Menli1 psn npe­ TeH31i1~ Kcocensv. B 4aCTHOCTIi1 K MHP Ii1 CCCP (AocTaT04Ho BCnOMHIi1Tb COBeTCKO­ KIi1Ta~CKIi1~ KOH<!>nIi1KT Ha KB)I()J, 1929 r.) Ii1

npli1BblKnli1 npli1MeHflTb BoeHHylO cli1ny 6e3 acsxoro nOBOAa. BO-BTOpbIX, Ha reppa­ TOpli11i1 MOHron1i11i1 npacyrcrsoaan «MeCT­ Hbl~ KOnOpIi1T " B BIi1Ae psna Ka3aXCKIi1X, MOHrOnbCKIi1X Ii1 MaHb4)1(YPCKIi1X(flnOHl.\bl Ii1MeHOBanli1 nocnenaux 6apryTaMIi1) xo-e­ BblX nneven , xoropue 1i13AaBHa He npa­ aaasana HIi1KaKO~ l.\eHTpanbHO~ BnaCTIi1 Ii1 rocynapcraeaaux rpanuu, TpaAIi1l.\1i10HHO )I(Ii1Bfl pa360eM, Bblpa)l(aBWIi1MCfl npexne scero Byrose Ii1 nponaxe.cxora. nopo~ Ha repparopan MHP npOHIi1Kanli1 AOCTaT04­ HO KpynHble Ii1 XopOWO OpraHIi130BaHHbie aoopyxeaaue 6aHAbl, BKnlO'lafl OCeBWIi1X B MaHb4)1(YPli11i1 PYCCKIi1X 6enorsapAe~l.\eB arauaaa CeMeHOBa. C nOArOTOBKO~ neruux Ii1 TeXHIi14e­ CKl1X KaAPOB Anfl BBC MHP Ha MeCTe neno He 04eHb aananunocs. aa TPIi1 rona COBeTCKIi1M Ii1HCTpyKTOpaM YAanOCb nOA­ rOTOBIi1Tb scero rpex-serupex nli1nOTOB Ii1 HeMHOrli1M 60nbwee 'lli1cno MeXaHIi1KOB Ii1 MOTOpIi1CTOB. 06Y'leHIi1IO Cli1nbHO Mewan fl3bIKOBO~ 6apbep (nepeBOA4Ii1KOB C MOH­ ronscxcro He xsarano, a re 'ITO 6blnli1, COBepweHHO He asann aBli1al.\1i10HHO~ Ii1 TeXHIi14eCKO~ TepMIi1HOnOrli1li1) Ii1 Kpa~He HIi13KIi1~ 06LllIi1~ yposeas 06pa30BaHIi1fl y MeCTHblX «KaAPoB". ,lJ,nfl Ii1CnpaBneHli1fl cli1Tyal.\l1li1 B 1930 r.

BCCCP, Ha Y4e6y Bneraux Ii1 TeXHIi14eCKl1X urxcnax BBC PKKA, 6blna aanpaaneaa nepaas rpynna MOHrOnbCKIi1X KypcaHTOB .

Y)I(e B 1932 r. B MOHron1i11O BepHynli1cb 10 xopowo nonrorosneaaux nli1nOTOB, B 41i1­ cne KOTOpblX 6blnli1 6YAYLlll1e iepoli1 MHP )J,. )J,3M63pen Ii1 Y. LUarAacYP3H. OAHoBpeMeHHo aasanocs nononae­ Hli1e aaaanapxa BBC MHP. ,lJ,nfl nonaep­ )I(KIi1 xaaanepan (a 60nbwero MOHronaM Ii1 He Tpe60BanOCb) BO BceM Mli1pe B TOT nepaon Ii1AeanbHblMIi1 C'lIi1TanIi1Cb MHoro­ uenesue OAHOMOTopHble 611nnaHbl-pa3­ BeA'll1 KIi1 , n03ToMY neTOM 1931 r. MOHro­ naM 6blnli1 nonaoeau Tpli1 pa3BeA41i1Ka P-5 (uexoropue Ii1CT04HIi1KIi1 YKa3bIBaIOT, 4TO 3TIi1 nepaue P-5 BBC MHP 6blnli1 B «3KC­ noprsov Ii1CnOnHeHIi1Ii1 ", T.e. MOrnli1 Ii1MeTb soopvxeaae 1i13 nyneraeroa «nbIOIi1C", a He )J,A Ii1 nB-l Ii1 MOTOPbl BMWVI, auanorwruo cavonerav sroro rnna, nOCTaBnflBWIi1MCfl B VlpaH. npaBAa, nOATBep)l(AalOLllIi1X 3TY I1CTpe611Teml 11-16 ran 10 70-ro I1An BBC PKKA Ha noneBOM aaponpove B p3~oHe peKI1 Xanxaa -Fon. rtero 1939 r.

)J,O 1931 r. P-1, Bnononueuue KKOTO­ pblM 1i13 CCCP nepenann HeCKonbKO Y-2, cocraannnn OCHOBy BBC MHP, xoropae B pasaux Ii1CT04HIi1KaX rex ner Ii1MeHYIOT Ii1nli1 « OTAe n b H O ~ 3CKaAPli1nbe~ " Ii1nli1 «asaao­ TpflAOM ". KpOMe Y4e6HbiX <!>YHKl.\Ii1~ BBC MHP 3aHIi1Manl1Cb CBfl3HblMIi1 nonerava 1'1 pa3BeAKO~ (B 4aCTHOCTIi1, nOIi1CKOM nOA­ XOAflLl.(Ii1X nonesux eaneruo-nocanosuux

nOABeCKa 60M6 nOA P·5BBC MHP. XanXHH-rOn . Jlero 1939 r,

~H<popMaL\~1O

<POTO HeT). Ha MOMeHT ~X

nocrvnneuaa. B eA~HCTBeHHOM aaua­ OTp51Ae BBC MHP «Cyxs-Bar op» Y~cn~­ noes 7 P-1 ~ Y-2. B nocnenvoume TP~ rona nOCTaBK~ P-5 (3T~ cauoneru Y)I(e nonHOCTblO COOTBeTCTBOBan~ CTaHAap­ TaM BBC PKKA) B BBC MHP 6bln~ npo­ AOn)l(eHbl. Yc~neH~e MHA nOTpe60BanOCb He cnyYa~HO - B MapTe 1932 r. 5lnOHL\bl OK­ xynnpoaana MaHbY)I(YP~IO, c03AaB Ha ee Tepp\l1TOp\l1\11 BaccanbHoe rocYAapCTBO ­ ~Mnep~1O MaHbY)I(oy-io. A npaanrenn ce~ nepxasu npereanosana y)l(e He Ha xa­ KylO-TO YaCTb, a Ha BCIO Tepp~TOp~1O MHP, KOTOpylO 5lnOHL\bl ~MeHOBan~ " BHeWH51 51 MOHrOn~51 " \11 MeYTan~ YB\I1AeTb ee B CO­ CTaBe CBO~X " B O C b M ~ yrnoa nOA OAHO~ Kpblwe~ " .

C\I1TyaL\~51 c~nbHO

OCnO)l(H51naCb TeM, 'ITO HayepTaH\I1e MOHronbCKO-MaHbY)I(YP­ CKO~ rpaH\I1L\bl He 6blno TonKOM nponn­ case B Me)l(AYHapOAHblX norosopax XIX ~ Hayana XX BeKOB ~ B npenunvume ronu OHa He AeMapK~pOBanaCb (no­ np06Y~Te 0603HaY~Tb rpaH~L\Y B rnvxoa crena , rne \I1CnOKOH BeKOB np0)l(\I1BalOT CKOTOBOAbl-KOYeBH~K~) . TaK~M otipa­ 30M, K CepeA\I1He 1930-x rr. B peruoae aaapesan yxe He npccro MenK~~ Me)l(­ AYHapOAHbl~ KOH<pn~KT, a HaCT051ll.\a51 nonHOMaCWTa6Ha51BO~Ha.

3KHnalK P-5 BBC MHP. XanxHH ·ron. Jle To 1939 r,

VlMeHHO n03TOMY B 1933 r. BMHA6bln B 3TO~ crpase oTAenbHbl~ 6poHeTaHKoBbl~ nonx \113 10 TaHKeTOK T-27 ~ 10 6poHeMaw~H 6A-27, a KpoMe roro MOHronaM 6blno nepenaso nonornurrensace KOn~YeCTBO aprunne­ p~~ He60nbworo Kan~6pa ~ nyneueroa B aB~aOTp51Ae "Cyx3-6aTOp" K 1934 r.

Y\I1Cn~nOCb nonropa AeC51TKa P-5 \11 He­ CKonbKO Y-2 (ynoM~HaH\I151 0 P-1 K 3TOMy BpeMeH\I1 nponanaior \113 AOKyMeHTOB. B\I1­ A~MO , nocnenune cavoners: aroro runa cnacann no ~3HOCY). npaBAa, BC51 60eBa51 TeXH~Ka MHABTOT MOMeHT excnnvarapo­ sanacs nOYT\I1 ~CKnIOY~TenbHO COBeTCK~­ M~ ~HCTpYKTOpaM~. B TOM xe aB~aOTp51Ae "Cyx3-6aTOp " 60nee nOnOB\I1Hbl nunc­ TOB ~ 60nbwylO -racrs rexnepcouana no­ npe>KHeMy COCTaBIl51n\l1 pvccxae.

A Me>KAY TeM KOH<pIl~KT He 3aCTaB~n ce651 >KAaTb. Y>Ke B aarvcre-ceurscpe 1934 r. AIl51 nOAaBlleH~51 aarnnpaearens­ CTBeHHoro M51Te)l(a B K06A03CKOM a~Ma­ Ke (HblHe ~ AO 1920-x rr. a~MaK XOBA, no Ha3BaH~1O OAHO~MeHHoro ropona ~ pexa) Ha cesepo -aanane MHP norpetiosanocs 3aAe~CTBOBaTb nsrepxy P-5 co CMewaH­ HbIM~ 3K~na>KaM~ (rpa COBeTCK~X ~ ABa MOHronbCK~X nunora, 60IlbW~HCTBO ner­ Ha60B - MOHronbl), KOTOpylO B03rnaBIl51n COBeTCK~~ \I1HCTPYKTOP B.A. CYAeL\ , 6YAY­ ll.\~~ Mapwan aanaunn.

C<POpM~poBaH nepBbl~

B 5lHBape 1936 r. aa-ranoce TO, 'ITO B ~nOH~~

aaasana

"Tay pa H c K ~ ~ ~HL\~AeHT"

(OTMeT/IIM 'ITO pa60Ty MCTOpMKOB, nccne­ )J,ylOlllMX tioeeue )J,eMCTBMfI ceoennnu XXeexe B 3TOM petnone CMnbHO ocnoxnu­ et TOT cjJaKT, 'ITO B flnOHCKMX MMaHb'l)/(YP­ CKMX «eotex Marnacax ucnonssoeennc» reorpacjJM'IeCKMe Ha3BaHWI, KOTopble He COBna)J,aIOT C npMHflTblMM B POCCMM, MOH­ tonn«, KMTae MflM Kopee M, no 3TOM non­ '1MHe, yCTaHoBMTb reorpacjJM'IecKylO «non­ Bfl3KY" toto MflM MHOro C06blT/llfl, nopoi1 )J,OBonbHO CflO)/(HO) - pe3KO aKT~B~3~PO­ sanacs Ae51TenbHOCTb 5lnOHO-MaHYb>Kyp­ CK~X BO~CK Ha rpaauue CMHP B BOCTOY­ HOM a~MaKe (B 1950-1960-e rr. - '-l0~6an­ CaHCK\I1~ a~MaK), B p-He r. Tauuar-Evnar ~ oaepa 6y~p-Hyp. MHOrOY~elleHHble CTbIYK~ CXopOWO Boopy>KeHHblM npOT~B­ H~KOM 3aCTaB~n~ pyKOBOACTBO MHP ne­ pefipocars B3TOT pa~OH BCe ~MelOll.\~eC51 pesepsu ~ 06paT~TbC51 aa BoeHHO~ no­ MOll.\blO KCCCP - y>Ke B 5lHBape 1936 r. B MHP np~6bln ~3 3a6a~Kallb51 oTAenbHbl~ cOBeTcK~~ MOT06poHeBo~ nonx, n03AHee pa3BepHYTbl~ B ocoovo 6poHe6p~raAY. B Y~cne npo-ero B Tauuar-Bvnax 6blna nepeopouieua 3CKaAP~llb51 P-5 ~ Y-2 BBC MHP B COCTaBe ABYX AeC51TKOB cavone­ TOB (B~A~MO, npaKT~YeCK~ see, 'ITO B TOT MOMeHT 6blll0 y MOHrOIlOB B neTHOM CO­ CT051H~~), TYAa xe YyTb n03AHee nepe­ 6poc~n~ B paMKax BoeHHO~ nOMOll.\~ ABa aB~aOTp51Aa BBCPKKA, aoopyxeunux P-5 ~ P-5W (aapna-rr CyeTblpbM51 nYlleMeTaM~ nB-1, YCTaHOBneHHbIM~ Ha H~>KHeM Kpbl­ ne). Y>Ke 7 5lHBap51 1936 r. MOHronbCK~e ~ COBeTCK~e P-5 HaYall~ BblnOnH51Tb aunersi Ha paasenry ~ narpvnapoaaane rpaH~L\bl. np~ 3TOM Ka>KAbl~ P-5 6pan scero napy 60M6 Kan~6poM AO 50 xr \11 nOIlHbl~ 60e­ aanac An51 nyneueroa - npn 06HapY>KeH~~ nporaaaaxaero arasosann npexae scero nyneMeTHblM orHeM, ~HorAa nenas AO 5-6 3aXOAOB Ha uens. IlpoT~B xaeanepan no­ A06Ha51 TaKT~Ka Bcrune nepBo~ M~POBO~ BO~Hbl BnOIlHe ronunacs, TeM 60nee 'ITO 60M6~11~ ~ COBeTCK~e ~ MOHrOllbCK~e 3 K ~ ­

Jl....iHblH COCTaB rpynnbl HO'lHbIX 6oM6apAHpoB~HKOB BBC MHP. XanXHH·ron. Jlero 1939 r,

24

na>K~

P-5 He OyeHb TOYHO.

~Wil{j

naxe

15 51HBap51 1936 r. rpynna MaHbYlKYP­

(300 caoens) It1 AeC51TOK COBeTC KIt1X 6po­

CKHX KaBaJlepHCTOB YIt1CJleHHOCTblO B He­

HeMaWIt1H 6A-3/6A -6 . BnpOYeM , 51nOHl..\bl

CKOJlbKO COTeH c a ti e n s nepe ce xna rpa­

He nuranacs AeL1CTBOBaTb o c06eHHO ax­

CaMOJleT npOTIt1BHIt1 Ka. 5lnoHcKIt1e It1CTOY­

HHU,y MHP Y o. Xap, HO 3aTeM yaCTH MHA

TIt1BHO, BpeM51 AJl51 60JlbWOM BOL1Hbl eL.l..\e

HIt1KIt1 He ynoMIt1HalOT HIt1 0 Ka KOM S03AYW­

npa

nonnepxxe

no AOKJlaAY ,lJ,sM6epeJla eMy

YAaJlOCb C61t1Tb OAIt1H It1 nOBpeAIt1Tb BTOPOM

aBHal..\HH OCTaHOBHJlH

He npIt1WJlO, It1 " Ta y p a HCKIt1 L1 It1HI..\It1AeHT»

HOM 60e B STOT AeHb. 3aTO Ha CJleAYIOL.I..\It1M

npOTHBHIt1Ka It1 nocne HeAeJlbHblX 60eB

6blJl AJl51 HIt1X scero JlIt1Wbcnocoeov «npo­

AeHb, 1 anpens 1936 r., rpa It1JlIt1 -ierupe

H nepecrpenox MaHbYlKypbl pernpoaa­

uivnars» npOTIt1BHIt1 Ka.

JlHCb Ha CBOIO repparopmo . 3 <!>eBpaJl51

601t1 HOCIt1JlIt1 x a p ax r e p OTAeJlbHbl X osaro­

orcrvnasurae

MaHbYlKYPCKa51 k a a a n e p n a , KOTOpylO Ha

BblX cruse«.

JlIt1 Cb arasosars COBeTCKlt1e 6poHeMawlt1­

:3TOT pa3

nonnepxuaana

VlMeHHO

noarouv

51nOHCKa51 ne­

TaK, 25 MapTa, B3BOA 51nOHCK0L1 nexo­

XOTa, nepeuina rpaHlt1l..\y MHP B p-He 6y­

Tbl Ha ABYX rpyaosaxax suuren K nOCeJlKY

JlaH-,lJ,epc .

Orpa xann

nOrpaHIt1YHIt1 KIt1 npa

ataxy MOHroJlbCKlt1e

nonnepx xe P-5,

npu

rpecra

«Moarnopuoa»

It1 MOHrOJlbCKOM

norpasaacrse y osepa 6ylt1p-Hyp . r10cJle

51nOHCKIt1X pa3SeAYIt1Ka, npaxpusas CBOIt1 K r paauue YaCTIt1, nura­

Hbl It1 rpY30BIt1KIt1 S paL10He IOrO -SOCTOYHee o . 6ylt1p-Hyp It1 AeL1CTBIt1TeJlbHO It1MeJlIt1 CTOJlKHOSeHlt1e C AByM51 ]:>-5 (TOYHO He1t13­ BeCTHO - COBeTCKIt1MIt1 It1JlIt1 MOHrOJlbCKIt1­

STOM npOTHBHIt1Ka TOlKe nonnepxasano He

KOp OTKOro 6051 snouuu 3aH51JlIt1

MeHee ABYX OAHOMOTOpHblX 51nOHCKIt1X ca­

3aTeM 51nOHl..\eB aTaKOBaJlIt1 ABa BbI3BaH­

MOJleTOB-pa3BeAYIt1KOB (ckopee scero, STO

HblX MOHrOJlbCKIt1MIt1 Ha3eMHblMIt1 BOL1­

Tlt1yeCKIt1 pa3seAYIt1KIt1 npocro 06CTpeJl51JlIt1

CKaMIt1 P-5. ABlt1aYAap 3aCTaBIt1Jl 51nOHl..\eB

npyr npyra C 60JlbWOM AIt1CTaHl..\lt11t1 It1 pa­

6blJllt1 61t1nJlaHbi

«Kaaacaxa-

KDA-2 It1JlIt1

sacraav.

KIt1-3). C nepeMeHHblM ycnexov 601t1 WJlIt1 AO 12

oeepana, nocne -rero

MIt1).

Ilpasna,

Ha3BaTb

npovaourenuree

S03AYWHbiM 60eM 6blJlO CJlOlKHO - <!>aK­

30WJlIt1Cb. K HayaJlY Ma51 1936 r. Ha rpaauue

51nOHO -MaHb­

YlKYPbl OroWJlH 06paTHo B MaHbYlKoy-io.

YCTaHOBHJlO Cb OTHOCIt1TeJlbHOe 3aTIt1Wbe .

3 MapTa 1936 r. rpauuuy MHP BHOBb

s:tnoHllbl CYIt1TaIOT, YTO It1M YAaJlOCb C61t1Tb

nepecexna AOBOJlbHO KpynHble CIt1Jlbl

pYlKeL1HO-nYJleMeTHbIM orHeM C 3eMJllt1

npOTIt1BHIt1Ka - He MeHee COTHIt1 MaHb­

rpa COSeTCKIt1X It1 MOHroJlbCKIt1X CaMOJleTa ,

YlKYPCKIt1 X Ka Ba Jle p lt1 CTOB H AO 600 COJl­ AaT H

ocauepos

It1 eL.l..\e rpa nOBpeAIt1Tb.

51nOHCK0L1 It1MnepaTOp,

0

CSOIt1X nOTep51X

nnouuu YMaJlYIt1BaIOT. COBeTcKO-MoH­

CKOL1 apMlt11t1 (no COBeT CKIt1M AaHHblM ­

rOJlbCKa51cropoaa npaasana norepio ASY X

neXOTHblL1 nOJlK , no 51nOHCKIt1M - yCIt1JleH­

MOHrOJlbCKIt1X P-5 (06a OT orH51 C 3eMJlIt1),

HblL1 6aTaJlboH) Ha 50 aBTOMaWIt1HaX, npa

paHeHIt151 nOJlYYIt1JlIt1 ABa COBeTCKIt1X JleTYIt1­

nonnepxxe

12 JlerKIt1X TaHKOB It1 TaHKeTO K

H He MeHee rpe x CaMOJleTOB -pa3BeAYIt1­ KOB. 5lnOHI..\bl nepepesana nopory MelKAY

norepn S XOA e 60eB di eapana-anpens

OTOMTIt1. Te nOTep51JlIt1 om-ore COJlAaTa

S 400 y61t1TbiX It1 paueaux, AO 40 aSTOMa­

-ersepux paHeHblMIt1 It1 6pOCIt1Jllt1 noapexnea­

,lJ,aHHble no nOTep51M 51nOHCK0L1 asaarex­

6a51H-TyMeHoM It1 TaMl..\ar-6YJlaKOM It1 3a­ H51JlIt1 napy He60JlbWIt1X nOCeJlKOB. npOTHBO CT051Tb TaKoMy KOJllt1 y e CTBY

xa, OAIt1H 1t13 KOTOp blX n03AHee CKOHyaJlC51

B nonere MOHrOllbCKI1Hcauoner CTallb-3 . <!lOTO cnenaso 113 Ka611Hbi P-5 B 1938 -1939 r r,

B rocru-rane . s:tnOHCKO-MaHbYlKYPCKlt1e 1936 r . COBeTCKlt1e It1CTOYHIt1KIt1 Ol..\eHIt1JlIt1

y61t1TbiM It1

BOI1CK npOTIt1BHIt1Ka MOHrOJlbl okaaanacs

ua MOHroJlbCKOM reppnropaa

He B COCT051HIt1It1 - 12 MapTa 1936 r. 6blJl

HblL1 nplt1 aanananere rpY30BIt1K .

WIt1H, ABa JlerKIt1X TaHKa It1 AO 8 CaMOJleTOB. HIt1KIt1 He COAeplKaT HIt1KaKOM KOHKpeTIt1KIt1

OnepaTIt1BHO nonnncaa " n p OTOKOJl 0 B3a­

K STOMy SpeMeHIt1 COBeTCKo-MOHroJlb­

It1 Bbl3blsalOT OyeHb 60JlbWIt1e COMHeHIt151, nOCKOJlbKY 06e CTOp OHbl B TOT MOMeHT He

It1MHOL1 nOMOL.l..\It1 MelKAY CCCP It1 MHP», B

CKlt1e SKlt1nalKlt1 anepsue HayaJlIt1 sunerars

COOTBeTCTBlt11t1 C KOTOpblM Ha repparopmo

Ha uens rpynnaMIt1 no 5-12 P-5 , It1HorAa

nplt1MeH51JlIt1 HIt1 It1cTpe61t1TeJlIt1 , HIt1 3eHIt1T­

MOHroJlHIt1 BOWJlIt1 AOnOJlHIt1TeJlbHble yaCTIt1

BblnOJlH5151 no Aec51TKY SblJleTOB B AeHb.

HylO

PKKA, 1t13 KOTOp blX n03AHee 6blJl 06pa30­

A 31 MapTa SKlt1nalK nunora ,lJ,sM6epe­

aprunnepao,

a

ncrepv

OT pYlKeMHO­

nyneueruoro orH51 He MOrJlIt1 6blTb CIt1JlbHO

kopnvc. Co­

na It1 crpenxa -neruatia ,lJ,op lKa (cavoner

BeTCKHe BOL1CKa nplt16blBaJllt1 MeAJleHHO,

P-5 C 6/H ,,5» ) 1t1 3 MOHrOJlbC KOro aBlt1aOTp51 ­

7 anpens 1936 r. MOHroJlbC KIt1M pyxo­

HO YlKe K KOHl..\y MapTa npOTIt1B BTOprWIt1XC51

Aa (<!>aKTlt1yeCKIt1 - 3BeHa), KOTOp bl M KO­

CHJl npOTIt1BHIt1Ka YAaJlOCb 3aAeL1CTBOBaTb

MaHAOBaJl kanaraa

{pyKO­ ao.aVln MHP C 1929 r. VI.aO caoeM cueor« a 1952 t., C'IVlTaeTCR "MoHronbcKVlM CTa­ nVlHbIM». C 1952 r. reno X. lfoM6ancaHa nexounnoc« a ueesonee a Ynen-Berooe VI 6blno neoesexoponeno Ha MeMopVlanbHoM

BaH 57-L1 OC06blL1 CTpeJlKOBblL1

lllarnacypaa AOJlOlKlt1Jl

(r.e,

06 YHIt1YTOlKeHlt11t1 rpY30BIt1Ka C 28 51nOH­

nepenearasureacs Ha rpY30BIt1Ka x) nexo­

CKIt1 MIt1 COJlAaTaMIt1 It1 npoBeAeHHoM 3aTeM

Tbl, COBeTcKylO 6aTapeIO 76-MM OPYAIt1M

B03AYWHOM 60e C AByM51 51nOH CKIt1MIt1 ca ­

Ha MeXT51re, MOHrOJlbCKYIO Ka B6 p lt1 r a A Y

MOJleTaMIt1-pa3BeAYIt1KaMIt1.

pory COBeTCKOL1 MOTOpIt130BaHH0L1

60JlbWIt1MIt1 .

SOAIt1TeJlb XopJlOrlt1L1H YOM6aJlCaH

MOHrOllbCKI1HnaCCall<l1pCKI1HcaMOll eTK-5 . Ha cau onere HeTHI1KaKOH

rocperacr pauaa, xapaxrepaoa AIlR rB<!l CCCP. <!lOTO 1938- 1939 rr,

25

COBeTCK~H "A yrn ac. AC -3 0 YnaH-5aTOpe . Jlero 1939 r, Xanx~H -ron cran nepaoa BOHHOH , rne BBC PKKA np~MeH~n~ casaonersi aroro T ~ n a , np~'1eM 3TO 6bJn~ euie He nC -84 COBeTCKOH C60PK~ , a ~MeHHO TP~ nony'leHHblx ~3 CWA " 3TanOHHblX. AnsI cep~~ AC·3 . nlO60nblTHO, 'I TO KpOMe3aMblcnOBaToro KaMy<f!nRJl(a ~ 60pTOBbiX HOMepOB 3 T~ AC -3 He Hecn~ H~KaK~X cnoaaaaarensasrx 3H3KOB

KnaA6Mllle nnun. B 2005 t., «otu« MecTO «ceuoro euneouietoc« uoutone B MCTO· pMM» npO'iHO 3aHfln lIMHrM3·XaH....) anep­

aue B ~CTOP~~ MHP nposen uarpaxne­ BoeHHblX OPAeHaM~ ~ MeAanfl· B Li~cne npo-rax npaearenscraeuuue uarpanu nonYLi~n~ 13 neTLi\l1KOB \11 ner­ Ha60B (He flCHO, BXOA~n~ n~ B 3TO Li~cno COBeTCK~e neTLi~K\I1). B TOM xe 1936 r. B Ynas-Earope anepsue COCTOflnCfl soeu­ Hbl~ napan BO~CK MHA C YLiaCT\I1eM as n­ aLl,~~ - B He6e nponerenn 8 cauoneros BBC MHP (no OAH~M AaHHblM - ABa 3BeHa P-5, no APyr\l1M - 3BeHO P-5 \11 3BeHO Y·2) . ,lJ,0 BeCHbl 1939 r. Ha rpaunue MHP ~ MaHbLi>Koy-ro coxpausnoce OTHOC~Tenb­ Hoe 3aT\I1 Wbe, a 3aTeM 60eBbie Ae~CTB\I1fl scnuxuvna C HOBO~ c~no~. np\l1Li~Ha 6blna npOCTa - flnOHLI,bl HaLian~ CTpO~TenbCTBO CTpaTer\l1LieCKO~ >Kene3HO~ Aopor~ Co ­ nyHb - XanyH - Apuraa - Xatinap. ,lJ,opo­ ra crpoanacs snons aananau x OTporOB 60nbworo X~HraHCKoro xpetira ~ B pa~­ OHe XanyH - Apuiaaa ~ peK\I1 Xanxaa-Ion H~e CBO~X M~ ,

(npaBMnbHblM neoeeou C MOHronbCKO­ to "peKa xenxe»), rne repparopas MHP

obpaaoausana nOLiT\I1 TpeXCOTK\I1nOMe­ TPOBbl~ sucrvn Brny6b repparopan MaHb­ xxov-Io . Paccrosuae OT crposuieacs

>Kene3HO~ noporn TaM~

AO rpaH~LI,bl MHP Mec­

cocrasnsno MeHee necaru

K~no·

MeTpoB, T.e. B cnv-iae BO~Hbl COBeTCKO­ MOHrOnbCK\I1e sojicxa MOrn\l1 nerxo ee 06CTpen~BaTb~3 He oc060 AanbH060~­ HblX noneaux OPYA~~ . B TOK~O COLin~ 3TO COBepweHHO Henp\l1eMneMblM ~ peumnw, LiTO pas y>K OTOAB~HYTb >Kene3HYIO noporv TeXH~LieC K~ HeB03MO>KHO, TO sen, CMblcn

nepenaaavrs

rpaH~LI,Y.

B aasane Mafl 1939 r. Ha rpaunue MHP \11 MaHbLi>Koy-ro nocnenosan psn aoopvxeuuu x cTonKHoBeH~~ , a 11 Mafl

nponaouren Me>KAY

nepBbl~ MacwTa6Hbl~ 60~

MOHronbCK~M~ norpaH~LiH~KaM~

60nbw~M OTpflAOM MaHbLi>KYPCKO~

nep\l1\11, nOAAep>KaHHO~6pOHeMaW\l1HaM\I1 B p-ue MOHronbcKO~ norpassacraau Ha BOCTOLiHOM 6epery p. XanX\I1H-rOn y conkn HOMoH-XaH -6YA-060 (\I1MeHHO no Ha3Ba­ H~IO 3TO~ B03BblweHHOCT~ BoopY>KeHHbl~ KOH¢n~KT

Ha p. Xanxna-fon B flnoHcKo~ nureparvpe no cea AeHb npausro \I1MeHOBaTb « H o M o HX a H c K ~ M ~H­ ~cTop~LiecKo~

L1,~A eHToM»). ~noHo-MaHbLi>KYPcK~e BO~­

cxa,

~MeBw~e Li~cneHHoe ~ KaLieCTBeH­ Hoe npe\l1MYll\eCTBO, 6e3 TpYAa Bbl6\11n~ MOHronOB Ha 3anaAHbl~ 6eper peK~, a K 14 Mafl nepenpaaanacs sepesXanxaa-Ion

T~n~'1Hall KapT~Ha Anll a3pOAPOMOB Ha Tepp~Top~H MaHb'llt<oy-ro nocne pa3rpOMa KBaHTyHcKoi1 apM~~ B 3BrycTe 1945 r. Xopowo B~AHbl ~cTpe6~Ten~K~-43 ~ MHOrOl\eneOble K~-36 RnOHCKHX BBC

26

~

xasa­

He scrpe-aa conporns­ BCIO cnopuvo Tepp~TOp~1O Ha BOCTOLiHOM 6epery peK~ .

C aroro MOMeHTa 60eBbie Ae~CTB\I1fl B MOHron~~ HaLian~Cb scepsea. HaAO CKa3aTb, LiTO 3TO 6blna OLieHb crpauaas , 60nee LieM roexvecssuas (c 11 Mafl no 16 ceurafips 1939 r.) BO~Ha , KOTOPO~ o¢~LI,~anbHO KaK 6bl ~ He 6blno, nOCKOnb­ Ky COCTOflH~e BO~Hbl Me>KAY CCCP \11 ~no­ H~e~ TaK ~ He 6blno 06bflBneHO. cPop· ManbHO BO~CKa BOIOIOll\~X CTOpOH uaxo­ A~n~Cb Ha reppuropaa CBO~ X COI03H~KOB (MHP \11 MaHbLi>Koy·rO COOTBeTCTBeHHO), B ~HTepecax KOTOpblX \11 Ae~CTBOBan~. B To­ K~O He oraesana H~ Ha KaK~e «acaiouu-e­ cs MOHron\l1\11 nporecraue 3aflBneH\I151 \11 3 MOCKBbl, npn 3TOM Ha MeCTe ece pewe­ H~fl np~H~Man~ KOMaHAOBaH~e KBaHTYH­ ~ , npaKT~LieCK~

neH~fl, 3aHfln~

CKO~ apM~~ ~ Oc060~ ApMe~cKO~

Ipvn­

nbl PKKA, TaK LiTO ece peanbHble 60eBbie Ae~CTB\I1fl wn\l1 \I1CKnIOLi~TenbHO B MOH­ ronaa. Ha OCTanbHOM ,lJ,anbHeM BOCTOKe COBeTCK~e ~ anoacxne apM~~ ~ ¢nOTbl B 3TOT nepnon H~KaK~X 60eBbiX Ae~CT­ B\I1~ npOT~B npvr npvra He sena. 60nee roro, OLieHb n1060nb1THO, LiTO B CCCP Ha­ Lian~ roaopars \11 nucare 0 KOH¢n~KTe Ha p. Xanxna-Ion TonbKO B KOHLI,e ~lOnfl-HaLia­ ne aBrycTa 1939 r., KorAa y>Ke CTano OKOH­ LiaTenbHO flCHO, LiTO COBeTCKO-MOHronb­ CK~e BO~CKa n06e>KAaIOT. 57-11 OC06bll1 cTpenKOBbl11 Ko p nyc (nocne HaLiana 60eBbix Ae~CTB\I111 pa3­ BepHyTbl11 B 1-10 Oc06ylO ApMel1cKylO rpynny), Libe pyKOBOAcTBO, nOXO >Ke, npeKpacHo nOH~Mano, LiTO B OA~HOLiKY BOI1HY C flnOHLI,aM~ MOHronbl flBHO «He nOT51HyT», K 3TOMy Bp eMeH~ 6bln, nOM~­ MO npOLiero YC\I1neH nepe6poweHH0l1 Ha Tepp~TOp~1O MHP B 1938-1939 rr. 100-11 cMeWaHHOI1 aB~a6p~raA0I1 nonKOBH~­ Ka Kan\l1HblLieBa, c oc p eAoToLi eHHol1 Ha a3poAPoMa x B pal10He r. 6aflH-TYMeH (ABYXMOTopHble 60M6apA\I1pOBll\~K~) ~ TaMLI,ar-6ynaKa (~cTpe6\11Ten~ ~ nerKafl aB~aLl,~51), rAe COBeTCKO-MOHrOnbCKa51 aB~aLl,~fl pacnonarana He MeHee LieM nfl­ TblO rpYHTOBbIM~ Bnn .

~tJOO7J

100-51 CA6 sxruo-ran a 70-~ II1AII M a ~­ opa 3a6anyeBa (14 1I1-1561t1c It1 24 111-16 ran 5) It1 150 - ~ CA6 Ma ~opa 6YPMIt1CTPO ­ sa (17 P-5/P-5W It1 29 C6- 2). BBC MHP no COClO51HIt1IO Ha oceus 1938 r. It1Menlt1 OA It1H asnanon« (B HeKOTopblX ny6nIt1Kal.\It151X ero It1MeHylOT aBlt1aOTp51AoM), 6a3It1 p O Ba B W It1~ ­ C51 Ha a. MaTaT-CoMoH It1 BoopY )l(eHHbl ~ 39 60eBblMIt1 It1 6 Y4 e6HblMIt1 P-5 It1 P-5W (no APyrlt1M AaHHblM - 39 P-5/P-5LLI It1 6 Y-2).

KpoMe r oro, B aBlt1 al.\1t1 1t1 MHP ucn ons­ aosanncs AeC51TOK 6a 3It1pOBaBWIt1 XC51 , B OCHOBHOM, B Ynau-Barope Y-2 (B T.4. B ca ­ HIt1TapHOM sapaaure C-l It1 C-2) a TaK)I(e no nape nepenauaux B 1937-1939 r r. 1t13 CCCP (no-BIt1AIt1MoMy, An51 oprauasa ua» MeCTHbl X aBlt1a nIt1 H It1~ ) ner xax naccaxap ­ CKIt1Xcaa oneros K-5 It1 Crane-S (nocne Ha­ 4ana 60eBbix Ae~CTBIt1~ It1C nOnb30Banlt1Cb An51 BblB03a paHeHblx It1 AOCTaBKIt1 CP04Hbi X rpvsoa, HO, B uenoa , B MHP 3KcnnyaTlt1po ­ aanacs He nonro - AO uaxana 1940-x rr.), T.e. MaKCIt1ManbHOe KOn lt14eCTBO cavone­ lOB scex Tlt1n OB BaBlt1al.\1t11t1 MHP He npesu­ wano 50-55 WT. nplt1 3TOM cepseauoa np0 6n e M o ~ An51 coeerceo-a onronscsoa CTO pOHbl 6 blna It1CnpaBHOCTb aeuanapxa - B 70-M II1An K 20 Ma51 1939 r. B neTHOM COCT051HIt1It1 6blno scero 13111-16 r un 5 It1 9 1I1-1561t1c (Ha ocransaux It1 CTpe61t1Ten51X nonxa nocne rona 6e3aHrapHor o XpaHeHIt151 nOA orkpu­ TblM He60M, npa ce30HHbiX nepenanax re vneparypu OT +30 AO -30 'C , aas ana rHIt1Tb nepxaneaas 06WIt1 BKa It1 It1 Men lt1C b Helt1CnpaBHOCTIt1 B It1HTO M OT OPH O ~ rp vnnu ), a B 150-M CA6 ucnpasa u 6blnlt1 ron sko C6-2 . Kpowe roro, COBeTC Klt1e neT41t1 KIt1 1t1 3 xacrea , Alt1cnOl.\lt1pOBaHHbi X B MHP, He ronsxc He It1Menlt1 HIt1 KaKOr o 60e Boro onu­ ra, HO naxe HaBblKOB B0 3AYWH O ~ crpens­ 6bl. B panoprax no pesvnsrarav npose­ pOK 60eroT oBH oCTIt1 pyKOBOACTBO 100- ~ CA6 Ol.\eHIt1 BanOCb KaK ,,6e306pa3Hoe», a AIt1Cl.\lt1nn lt1Ha KaK "ca Ma51 HIt13Ka51» - 1t1 3­ sa cvposoro Knlt1 MaTa It1 or spar ar ensuux 6blTOBbiX y cn oBIt1~ COBeTCKlt1 e asaacn eua­ anncr u CTpeMlt1nlt1Cb KaK MO)l( HO 6blCTpee

C3MoneT P· 5

nep eaecruce XOTb KYAa-HIt16YAb, nlt1Wb 6bl nonanuue OT MOHronlt1lt1 . flon oxeane npeiunocs cnacar s y)l(e nocne ua-rana 60­ eBblX Ae ~ CTBIt1 M nyTeM CP04HOM nepe6p o­ CK It1 B MHP 1t13 CCCP neT41t1 KO B It1 asaaua­ OHHbl X KOMaHAlt1pOB , It1MeBWIt1X onur 60eB B II1cn aHlt11t1 It1 KIt1Tae. npOTIt1BOCT051na COBeTCKO-MOHro nb­ CKIt1 M BBC pa3MeL1.(eHHa51 Ha repparopau MaHb4 )1(oy-io 2-51 aBlt1aAIt1 BIt131t1 51 (XIt1 KOC It1 ­ AaH) K Ba H T Y HcK O~ apMlt1 1t1 reaepan-neu­ TeHaHTa T. ilt1ra. 12 Ma51 1939 r. An51 Ae ~­ CTB It1M Henocp eACTB eHHO B MOHron1t1 1t1 Ha 6a3e AIt1BIt131t11t1 6blna C¢ OpMlt1 pOBaHa ne­ pefipoureuaaa Ha a. Xajinap BpeMeHH a51 OnepaTIt1 BHa51 rpyn na PIt1HA31t1 XIt1KOTa~ B COC TaBe serupex 3CKaAPlt1nIt1M . B COCTaBe rpynnu 6blno scer o 32 cav onera , HO npa 3TOM npaKTIt14eC KIt1 see 51nOHCKlt1 e nunoru It1Menlt1 onur peansuux 60eBbix AeMCTBIt1M B KIt1Tae, a 20 cavoneroa 1t13 36 6blnlt1 COB­ peMeHHblMIt1 It1CTpe61t1 Ten51MIt1 HaKaA31t1Ma KIt1-27 - ece 3TO pa30M 06eCl.\eHIt1B anO HeKOTopoe 41t1Cn eHH Oe npeB OCXOACTBO COBeTCKO-MOHrOnbCKIt1 X BBC. Ilepsue xe CTbl 4KIt1 B B03Ayxe nokaaa­ nlt1 , 4TO BBC MHP 6blnlt1 Bo06L1.(e 6eCClt1nb­ Hbl npOTIt1 B 51nOH l.\eB. 21 (no AP. AaHHblM 22-ro) Ma51 1939 r. Tplt1 KIt1-27 nepexsa­ Tlt1nlt1 It1 c61t1n lt1 cO B e TCK It1 ~ CB51 3HOMP-5W , neTeBW It1 MB pacnonox esue 6- MMOH ronb ­ CKOM KaBaneplt1MCKOM AIt1BIt1 31t11t1 - nlt1nOT Cynpyn norlt16, neru ao ApXlt1nOB c naCC 51 Ha napaunore. llocne aroro Bce M crane

MOHronbCKl1e neT411KI111 TeXHI1Kll y no -2 . BI1AHO, 4TO H3 cawonerax ccxpaaeau COBeTCKI1C onoaaaaarensaue 3H3KI1. 1945 r.

51C HO, 4TO B ycnoBIt151 X MaCCOBoro np lt1 Me­ HeHIt151 51nOHl.\aMIt1 It1cTpe6lt1Tene~ KIt1-27 It1 KIt1-10 It1cn Onb30BaTb cavoner u runa P-5 AH eM Henb351 naxe B Ka4eCTBe CB513HbIX. nOAP06Hoe onacauae 60eBbiX AeM­ C T B It1 ~ Ha Xanxua-Ione Bbl XOAIt1T aa paMKIt1 AaHHOM crarsn. no Mepe HapaCTaHIt151 It1H­ TeHCIt1BH OCT It1 It1 MaCWTa60B 60eBbiX AeM­ CTBIt1M 06e BOIO IOL1.(lt1e CTOPOHbl BbIHY)l(Ae­ Hbl 6blnlt1 CP04HO nepeopacue ars B paMOH KOH¢nIt1 KTa MHOr041t1CneHHbie nonxpenne­ HIt151 . B KO He4HOM It1TOre, npn 41t1CneHHOM npeB oc xOAcTBe 51n OH O-MaHb4)1( YPCKIt1 X BOMCK HaA CO BeTCKo -MoHro nbCK It1M It1 (no­ p51AKa 75 TbIC514 npOTIt1B 57 TbI C514) It1 npu­ MepHO pasnou KOnlt14e CTBe aprunn epaa, peuiaouiyo pons curpana nep efip ocka B MOHron1t11O HeCKOnbKIt1 X COBeTCK It1X TaH­ KOB blX 6plt1raA (scero PKKA coc penoro­ 41t1na Ha Xanxau-Ione 48 9 TaHKOB It1 385 6p OHeMaWIt1H npOTIt1B 182 51 nOHCKIt1X TaH­ KOB It1 6p OH eBIt1 KoB) It1 AOnOnHIt1TenbHblX cnn aBlt1al.\1t11t1 (K KOHl.\y aervcra 1939 r. Ha Xanxua-Fone npOTIt1B 150 51 nOHCKIt1X ca­ MoneTOB AeMcTBoBan o 580 COBeTCKIt1 X, BKn104a51 244 111-16, 70 111-1 53, 62 1I1-1 56It1c, 181 C6 -2 It1 23 T6-3) . B pesvnsrare 51n OH­ uu , nOTep51B y6 1t1Tbl MIt1 AO 20 TbIC. sen (c Y4eToM apMlt1 1t1 MaHb4)1(oy-io norep n MOrnlt1 AO CTlt1 r aTb 60 TbIC. -ren.), 51nOHl.\bl nournn Ha 3aKnlO4eHIt1 e nep eMlt1plt151 , pe­ 3ynbTaToM KOTOpOro cra ne coxpaaeuae B pen-on e uekoroporo cTaTyc -KBO: BOCT04­ HblM 6eper Xanxaa-Iona OCTanC51 aa MHP,

11·16 ran 10 BBC MHP. BI1AHO, 4TO H3 "11W3KC. AeMOHTI1pOB3Hbi KPblnbCBble nyneMeTbl, 3 onoaaaaarensaue 3H3KI1 BblnonHCHbl no Tl1nyMOHrOnbCKI1X I1n-2 - 3M6neM3 coesafio 6enoro I1nl1 lKemoro I.\BeT3 saaeceaa aa OKpaweHHblH B KpaCHblH I.\BeT Kl1nb. Cnpasa BI1AeH 11-156I1C, aa KOTOpOM coeu fi o lKemoro I.\BeTa snacaa a B nSlTI1KOHe4HYlO 3Be3AY aa Kline , cawa 3Be3A3 C6enOH I1nl1 lKemoHoKaHToBKoH. He pasee 1945 r,

27

BO~HY Ha TI1XOM Oxeaue, a rJlaBHble CI1Jlbl KpaCHO~ APMI1I1 6blJll1 3aH51Tbi Ha nOJl51X CpalKeHI1~ B

Eapone. Pa 3yMeeTc51,

I1MeJlI1

MeCTO 11 npOHI1KHOBeHl151 113 MaHbYlKYPl111 51nOHCKO~

areurypu

11

paasenrpynn ,

11

6aKTepeOJlOrl1yeCKl1e AI1BepCl111 51nOHCKO· ro «CneL.l,OTp51Aa 731 " reuepana C. V1cl1l1, 11

perynnpaue noneru

HaA

repparopasa

MHP 51nOHCKI1X CaMOJleTOB-pa3BeAYI1KOB KI1-15 11 KI1-46 (ceoeapev euuo obuapy­ lKl1BaTb I1X MOHrOJlbl He I1MeJlI1 B03MOlK­ HOCTI1 113-3a OTCyTCTBl151 CJlYlK6bl BHOC 11

panapoe, a

nepexaarats 51nOHCKl1e

pas­

BeAYI1KI1 Ha V1-16 I1JlI1 V1-156I1C TOlKe 6blJlO

aepeansao,

TeM 60Jlee YTO npaKTl1yeCKI1

ace yaCTI1 BBC PKKA, CT051BWl1e B MHP C 1939 r., yxe K 1942-My roAY 6blJll1 ornpas­ JleHbl Ha COBeTCKo-repMaHCKI1~ epPOHT). a lKeJle3HOAopOlKHYIO BeTKY OT XaJlYH-Ap­

raJlC51 nepeAHI1~ Kpa~ 11 6Jll1lKHI1~ TblJl

TaK I1JlI1 I1Haye , MeJlKl1e CTbIYKI1,

uiaa a

npOTI1BHI1Ka, yaCTb BblJleTOB HOCI1Jla OT­

Wl1eC51 Ha rpauuuax MHP, HOCI1JlI1 noxans ­

AO Xai1Jlapa

CTpOI1JlI1 . KpOMe

snouuu

TaK 11 He no ­

roro, I1MeHHO KOHepJlI1KT

BJleKalOllll1~

xapaxrep (HanpI1Mep,

B p51Ae

Ha XaJlXI1H-IOJle CTaJl OAHO~ 113 rnasuux

cnysaes 60M6elKKl1 HOYHblX P-5 sarnyuia­

npl1YI1H , no KOTOpOi1 51nOHI151 B anpene

JlI1 WYM BblABl1raBWI1XC51 113

1941 r . nonnucana C CCCP nakr 0 ueua­

AOBO~ TaHKOB 11 6pOHeMaWI1H), npl1 3TOM

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11 Ha V1-16) B COCTaBe COBeTCKI1X I1CTpe­

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BO~CKaM BBC MaHbYlKoY-IO - K asr ycrv

28

~ WJl] {j 1945 r. OHIII BKJllOy aJlIII 3 60eBbix asaaa­ CKaAPIIIJlblll (He MeHee 10 IIIcTpe6l11TeJle~ KIII-27, He MeHee 5 KIII -43 III, B03MO>KHO, HeCKOJlbKO KIII-l0, HO nocnensee OyeHb cOMHIIITeJlbHo) , aenaunonv (He MeHee 5 yye6HbiX KIII-9) III MaHbY>KypCKYIO aBIII­ aKOMnaHlll1O MKKK, IIIMeBwylO OKOJlO 30 CaMOJleTOB, BYIllCJle KOTOpblX 6blJlIII KIII-34, Kill-57, Kill-54, Bf-108 III Ju-86Z. no OKOHyaHlII1II BO~H~ C ~noHllle~ IIIMeBWllle 5lBHbl~ 11136blTOK wcnoasaux ca­ MOfleTOB COBeTCKllle COlO3HIIIKIII 6e3 oco­ 6blXnpotinev npOBeJlIII nepesoopy xeuae BBC MHP. MOHrOJlaM 6blJlO nepenasc 25-40 (no pa3HbiM AaHHbIM, nOCJleAH5151 UIII¢paB~3~BaeTcOMHeHIII51)wTYPMOBIII­

KOB VlJl-2, 1113 KOTOpbl X6blJl C¢OpMlllpOBaH WTYPMOBO~ aaaanonx npaKTlIIyeCKIII non­ aoro COCTaBa III 8-12 (no pa3HbiM AaH­ HbIM) IIICTpe6I11TeJle~ ~K-9, cxopee acero B sapaaare ~K-9M IIIJlIII ~K-9.o , AJl51 OCHa­ w,eHIII51 OTAeJlbHO~ IIICTpe6I11TeJlbHO~ 3CKa­ APIllJlblll. KpOMe roro, MOHroJlbl AOnOJlHIII­ rensno nOJlYYIIIJlIII AeC51TOK no -2, B T.Y. III B caHIIITapHOM IIICnOJlHeHIIIIII. ECTb MHeHllle , "ITO K nepeYYIIIBaH1ll1O MOHroJlbCKIIIX nanoros Ha VlJl-2 III ~K-9 CO­ aercxae cneuuanacru npacrvnuna el1\e JleTOM 1945 r., HO AO OKOHyaHIII51 BO~Hbl C ~noHllle~ ;i lll onuoro axunax a nOAroTO­ BIIITb npocro He vcnena, a B AaJlbHe~WeM BBOA B CTPO~ HOBblX CaMOJleTOB HeCKOJlb­ KO 3aT51 HYJl C51 III OTHOCIIITeJlbHO~ 60eBO~ rOTOBHOCTIII 3Ta TeXHIIIKa nocrnrna TOJlbKO BO BTOPO~ nOJlOBIIIHe 1946 r.

Y>Ke B 1945 r. BBC MHP cnucana OCTaBWllleC51 P-5 (B CCCP 3TOT CaMOJleT nepecranu npoaaaonars B 1936 r.). Vl-16 III Vl-156111c 6blJlIII cnucaau B 1946-1947 rr., HO 3aTeM KaKoe-TO BpeM51 IIICnOJlb30Ba­ JlIIICb KaK HarJl51AHble nOC0611151 AJl51 nonro­ TOBKIII TeXCOCTaBa .

VlHTepeCHO, "ITO aexoropue aeropu nucana 0 B03MO>KHO~ nepena-re MOH­ rona» COBeTCKO~ CTOPOHO~ B asrvcre­ CeHT516pe 1945 r. xce-xaxax 5lnOHCKlll X aBlllaUIIIOHHblX rpooees, B yaCTHOCTIII AO 22 nerxax AByXMOTOpHblX rpaacnopn-u x cavoneroe HaKaA3111Ma KIII-34, koropue 3aTeM 5lK06bl 3KCnJlyaTlllpOBaJlIIICb rpa­ >KAaHCKO~ aBlllaUllle~ III BBC MHP Ha npo­ T51 >KeHIIIIII HeCKOJlbKIII X ner, Ho HIIIKaKIll X nOATBep>KAeHIII~ 3TOMy C MOHrOJlbCKO~ CTOpOHbl, pa3yMeeTC51, HeT, na III 3ayeM 6blJlIII Hy>KHbl MOHrOJlaM cavoneru co­ eepureuuo He3Ha KOMoro runa , K KOTO­ PblM , KTOMY xe He 6blJlO aanvacrea? nplII 3TOM 1113BeCTHO, YTO npaKTlIIyeCKIII BC51 IIIcnpaBHa51 5lnOHCKa51 aBlllaTeXHIII Ka 6blJla nepenaaa KIIITa~CKIIIM KOMMyHlllcTaM Mao L~33AYHa III 3aTeM y-racraosana B rpa­ >KAaHCKO~ BO~He 1946-1949 rr . COBeT­ CKllle AaHHbie <paKT nepeAaYIII KIII-34 MHP He nOATBep>KAaIOT. 3aTO TOYHO 1113BeCTHO, "ITO yxe B 1946 r. rpa>KAaHCKa51 aBlllaUIII51 MHP, pac­ nOflaraBWa51 He MeHee yeM BOCbMepKO~

no-2 III C-2 aa-rana aunonasrs pervnap­ Hble noneru 1113 YJlaH-6aTOpa B-ierup e a~ ­ MaKa (B YaCTHOCTIII , B CpeAHe-ro6111~C KIII~ III Cy x3-6aTOpCKIII~ a~MaKIII), rne AJl51 HIIIX 6blJlIII 06opYAOBaHbi rpyarosue nOCaAOY­ Hble nJlOl1\aAKIII . .oOCTaBJl51JlaCb nOYTa, cpo-uue rpY3bl III naccaxwpu, npaKTIIIKO­ sanacs TaK>Ke AOCTaBKa MeApa6oTHlilKOB III 3BaKyaUIII51 60JlbHbiX 1113 OTAaJleHHblX KO ­ -reaux nOCeJleHIII~.

~K-9 npOCJly>KIIIJlIII B BBC MHP AO Ha­ sana 1950-x rr., a nocnenane VlJl-2 - AO 1955-1956 rr.

K 3TOMY BpeMeHIII oopaaosanacs KHP, TaK YTO MOHrOJlIll51 oxaaanacs B o xpv­ >KeHIIIIII ABYX orpOMHbl X APY>KeCTB eHHblx rccynapcra. Hili CCCP, Hili KHP He co6111­ paJlIIICb aananars Hili Ha MHP, Hili npvr Ha npyra , a JlIIIAepbl rpex CTpaH nOCT051HHO KJl51JlIIICb B " B e Y H O ~ APy>K6e ». no 3 T O ~ nplIIYIIIHe YBeJllIIyeHllle "1111­ CJleHHOCTIII IIIJlIII ceps eaaas MOAepHIII­ 3aUIII51 MHA He rpetioaana cs - B cnv-ae BO~Hbl MOHrOJlOB 6e3 TpYAa 3al1\IIIT1i1JlIII 6bl ,,60Jl bWllle 6paTb51 », TeM fionee "ITO B r e rona MOHrOJlIll51 sootiuie He <plllry­ pupoaana Hili B KaKIIIX BoeHHblX nnaua x CWA III IIIX COI03HIIIKOB. VlMeHHo n03ToMY B MHP B 1950-1960-e rr . He paasepru­ sanacs co6CTBeHHa51 nBO III npa KTIII­ yeCKIII He COBepweHCTBOBaJl aCb aapo­ APOMHa51 cars. npOAon~eHMecneAye~

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29

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aSI48U!10HHOif npOMblWneHHOCrH repMSHI4'" 14 flnOHMH, K8K H8!16onee SepOflTHbiX npOnlSH"'KOS, nOK83b1SanS, 'ITO yposeHb TeXH!1'1eCKoro OCH811.leHi-ffl BBC KpaCHOif ApM!1'" y)/(e He COOTseTCTBossn reM rpe60S8Hl-fflM, KOTOpble Morna SbIAS"HyTb H8AsnrSSW8f1CfI ercpe« MUpOS8R BoifH8. B03POCW8R oon» soeHHoif aSHa~JUf, ee pe3K"if POCT S nepeAOBblX KsnnrSnHCTl-flJeOKHX CrpSH8X o6ycnos!1nJf Heo6xOAH­ Mocrb pesxoro nOSblWeHJffl K8lJeCTSeHHoro YPOSHfl coserCKIfX 60eSblX C8MOneTOS H ysehlf'leHHfl npOH3S0ACTseHHblX MOI1.lHOCreif C8MoneTHbiX !1 MOTOpHblX 38S0AOS.

AnSI fly'iWero VI 60nee KBamupVll.\HpO­ saaaoro PyKosoAcTBa 8S1IIal.\1II0HHOVI npo­ MbIW11eHHOCTblO nOCTaHOSfleH1IIeM CHK CCCP N24 OT 21 SlHBapSl 1939 r. rJ1aSHOe ynpasneaae aBI1al.\1II0HHOH npoMblw11eH­ HOCT\.1 (rYAn) 6bl110 BblAeneHO H3 HapKOMa­ rs 050poHHOH npOMblwneHHOCTI1 (HKOn) B xaxecrae caMOC TO>lTeJ1bHOrO HapKOMa­ ra (HKAn). Yxe s oeepaoe CHK CCCP H UK BKn(6) noosenv WHpOKoe COBelllaH\.1e pa60TH1IIKOB a8~18npOMa. Ha 3TOM cose­ ~aHHVI C Y'"laC Tl1eM '"l11eHOB nOJH1T6IOpO UK BKn(5), KOMaHAOBaHVlSl BBC KA VI py­ KOBoAVlTeneH HKAn, aSl1aKOHCTpyKTopoB H 11eT'lHKOa 6bl11a HaMeyeHa KOHKpeTH8Sl nporpauua pa3611T1II>I coeercxof 8BVlal.\l.1t-1 H ee OCHa~eHVlll cospeMeHHoi1 TexHHKoH. rna8Hoe BHl.1MaH 1IIe 6blflO obpaureso Ha pa3pa60TKY HOBblX 06pa3l.\08 60eBbix ca­ MoneTOB, a nepsyo osepeas CKOpOCTHblX V1cTpe6V1TeneCi, wTypMoal1Koa H nHKl1pylO­ U\l1X 50M6apAl1p06~HKOB .

Peanuaa l.\HSI . npl1HSlTO\.1 npo rpa MMbl soanaranace ua Y)Ke cvuiecreoaaetuae 11 BHOBb opr8HH3yeMbie KOHcTpyKTopcKHe KonJle KH1Bbl. Pa3pa6oTKo~ uoeoro nOK011e­ HY1Sll.1CTpe6I1rene~1 nOMVlMO H.H. nOJlHKap­ nosa 3aHRnHCb C.r. Kosnoa, CA naeosBBepxy : nepBbl~ onblTHbl~ 3K3e"mJ1l1p

CKOpOCTHoro HCTpe6I1TeJ111 1'1 -2B C MOTOpOM

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HI'II'I BBC KA, HIOHb 1939 t.

30

KI1HC B.n. rOp6YHOBbiM 1-1 M.liI. rYAKOBbIM , M.M. naWI-IHI1H, n .O. Cyxoi1, B.K. TaVlpOB, A.C. ~KosneB, B.n. ~u,eHKO HAPyrt-le.

BBC KA rpeooeanocs C03AaTb HCTpe6111­ TeJlH co CKOPOCTSlMt-l nopsnxa 600 KM/Y , 5011bW I-IM npaKTH'"leCK1IIM nOTOJlKOM 11 C MOlllHblM aoopyxennev, '"lTOGbl HeTOJ1bKO He vcrvnars HOBblM 3apy5elKHbiM 06pa3­ u.aM, HO t-l npeB30Hnl HX BneTHOM , TaKTI1­ '"leC KOM 11 orueaou OTHoweHI111.

OAHI1M H3 nepsax Ha CYA BoeHHbl X CBOIO pa60Ty npeACTaBI111 M0110AOH xon­ neKT\I\B. B03r11aanSleMblH B.n. 5lu,eHKO. C03­ AaHHblH nOA era PYKOBOACT80M I1CTpe5t-l­ Te11 b liI-28 no CS01llM 11eTHO-TeXHH'leCKHM AaHHblM 11cocraey Boopy:+:eHI1Sl OTJlI1'"lan­ en OT CaMOJleTa liI-16 Bny'"lwylO CTOpOHy 111 I-IMen ace uiaacu nepBblM nOnO)KI1Tb Ha'la­ no Ka'leCTSeHHoMy nepeaooovxeaao HC­ Tpe5t-lTeJlbHOH aSl·lal.\HH BBC KA. B11aAl-IMl1p naH<pI1JlOSHY $lueHKo PO­ Al1flCR 22 AeKa5pSl 1892 r. B MeCTe"lKe Benpl1KraASlYCKoro vesna nOJlTaSCKOI1 ry­ 6epH\111 B ceMbe 3eMCKoro spa-a. nocne OKOH4aHI1Sl cpe.QHel4 WKonbl OH nocrynun Ha MeXaH1IIyeCKOe OTAe11eHHe KYPcKoro HMnepaTOpCKoro peanssoro y"l1ll11I1U1a, KO­ roooe 3aKOH'111111 S 1915 r. GsOIO TpYAoaylO AellTe11bHOCTb uasan B MapTe sroro xe rona BneTep6ypre.rne yCTpOHJlCSl Haa811­ au,HOHHbl\.1 3aaOA B.S. Cnccaoeaeo. 3Aecb B.n . 51l.\eHKO npouien nYTb OT nOAPYYHoro c50pllll1Ka AO aasenvouiero np0I1380ACT­

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BJ1aAHMl1p naH4!HJ10BH'l ~tteHKo

aOM . nocne 3aKDbITHSl3aBO.Qa c MaR 1917 r.

AO MapTa 1919 r. OH pa60Ta11 Ha asaaua­ OHHOi1 <pa6pl-IKe AA nOPOX08U1I1KoBa 3a­ BeAylOUlI1M npOt-l3BOACTBOM. 3aTeM B<!TOH x e A011lKHOCHl paboran Ha aBl1al.\110HHOH cj)a6pI1Ke, 6b lBwe ~ <D. Me11bu,epa. B AeKa5­ pe 1919 r. B.n. ~ueHKo ywen BDHAbi PKKA, rne sasan C11YlK5y M118AWI1M MeXaH1IIKOM aa~lal.\HOHHoro orpnaa 11 3aKOH'"lI1Jl 11eTYI1­ KOM-t-lHCTpyKTOpOM. nocne .o,eM0511fl113au,1111 B Mae 1924 r, BJlaAHMHp naH<pI-IJlOBI1Y npOAOJ1lKVln CBOIO rpynoayo nesreneuocrs B aswa­ UI10HHO~ npOMblWnBHHOCTH - patioran S KOHCTpyKTOpCK I1X KOnneKTI1BaX H.H. no ­ nuxapnoaa, AT. rpl1rOpOBI14a 111 C.A. Ko­ yepl1rl-lHa . B 1932 r. OKOH'"lH/1 MOCKOBCKHCi aBl1au,I1QHHbli1 l1HCTl.1Tyr. COBMecTHo C G.A. KO'"lep\.1rl.1HbIM B 1934 r. OH paapa­ 60Ta11 AByxMeCTHbl11 HCTpe6HTenb ,D.liI-6 (UK5-t1). Ha rocvnapcraeuau x HcnblTa­ H1IISlX. npOXOAHBWI1X s nepaon C27 MaSl no 21 HOSl6pSl 1935 r., AliI-S nonY'"lI1Jl n0110­

lK,neflbHylO oueHKy 1'1 B,Qa11bHeHWeM Bbl­ nYCKanC~ CepHHHO Ha aBH83asO,QaX Ng39 I-1M . MeH)I(HHCKoro (10 MaWHH B 1936 r.), N21 HM . ASHaXI1Ma (61 cauoner B 1937 r.)

1'1 N281 HM. Moncrosa (51 cawoner S 1937r. 1'1 100B 1938r.).

3a,QaHHe Ha paapafiorxy CKOPOCTHO­ ro HCTpe6HTe11~ CMOTOpOM B03,QyWHoro oxna:+:,QeHH51 M-BB KOnlleKTHB B.n. flueH­ KO nony'HilJl BeCHOI1 1938 r., nOC11e roro KaK 5 Ma~ KOMI1 TeT 060POHbl (KO) npH CHK CCCP nOCTaHOSneHl-1eM N275 yT­ aep,QHn nnau onblTHblX l-l 3KcnepHMeH­ TaflbHblX pa60T no cavonerocrpoeuao H8 1938-1939 rr. Cauoner npennacueanocs nOCTpOHTb a rpex 3K3eMnn~pax, nepSbli4 1-13 KOTOpblX rpetiosanoce npeAbSlBHTb Ha COsMeCTHble lo1cnblTaHH51 B ceaoane, BTOPOI1 B anpene 1-1 TpeTI-1H (c raovcea­ 6;1H0I1) a Mae 1939 r. B COOTBeTCTS~lH c yTseplKAeHHblM 3a,D,aHlo1eM OH nonxea 6bln Iil MeTb MaKC 11 ManbH ylO CKOpOC Tb 600-650 KM/4 Ha BblCOTe 6000-7000 M, ,Q8llbHOCTb nonera 600 KM, npaKTl-1yeCKlil11 nOT0110K 11000 M, apeMSl Ha60pa BblCOTbl 8000 M - 10,5 M;1H. Boopyxeaae: sera­ pe C~lHXPOHHbIX nyneMeTa WKAC I-1fll-1 ABa WKACa Iil ABa KpynHOKaJ1L16epHbIX nyne­ MeTa WBAK, a TaK:+:€ 60M60Ba~ aarpysea AO 100xr.

An~ pa60Tbi HaA npoexToM ~-28 (1-13A. N228j, a raxxe HaA MOAVl¢!VlKaUl1elii AIiI-66L1c (1il3A. N221) nplilKasoM no I-MY fY HKon N2032 OT 13Ma5l 1938r aa 3aBO­ Ae Ng81 6bln opraHL130BaH OTAen onsrruax pa60T - OTAen N23. HOBOMY nonpaaaene­ HI-1IO nepenana uex Ng8 VI BblA€nHnH yaCTb KOHCTPYKTOPOB 113 COCTaBa 6blBwero KOH­ CTpyKTOpCKOrO OTAeJ1a 3aBOAa. Bcere B COCTaB OTAena NQ3 Bowno 34 YenoaeKa, B TOM 4l-lcne 18 KOHcTpyKTopoa, aOCHOBHOM MonOAblX cneUl1anl-1CToa. 3asoAY npe,ll.nL1­ CblB8nOCb npeAocTaBnRTb onblTHoMY npo­ H3BOAcTsy yC11yrL1 uexos 06lL\ero nonb30­ BaHI-1R s nepsylO 04epeAb. nplilKa30M no 1-Myry HKon Ng60 OT 27 MaR B.n. flueH­ KO Ha3Ha'lHnH rnaBHblM KOHCTpyKTOpOM 3aBO,ll.a N281.

MelK.,ll.y TeM npoeKHtpOBaHl-1e CKO­ pocTHoro ltlcTpe61ilTeml 111-28 HayaJ1l-1 elL\e B anpene 1938 r. OAHaKo 113-3a He,ll.O­ CTaTKa KOHCTpyKTOpOB npoeKTHble pa60­ Tbl yAa110cb AonlKHblM 06pa30M pa3Bep­ HyTb nl-1Wb a I-1IOHe. ~ Ha 1 5lHBapR 1939 r.

OHI1 Oblnl-1 BblnOJ1HeHbl Ha 97,5%. B TO :+:e BpeM~ B u,exe N28 wnO 1-13rOTOSneHI'1e nplilcnOCO~neHI1I1, He06xOAI1MbiX ,ll.J1R npOlit3BOACTBa H3Ae11l-1~ N228. B 1938 r.

OCHalL\eHVle uexa npl1cnOC06J1eHlitSlMI-1 a OCHOBHOM 3aKOH'lIilJ1H - KHaya11y c11eAY­ lOlL\ero rO,ll.a 06beM YKa3aHHblx paooT Sbl­ nOllHIil1111 Ha 95%.

C uenblO npeABapL1TenbHoro peWeHI-1Sl p51Aa KOHCTpyKTHBHblX ltl np0I-13BOACTBeH­ HblX sonpOCOB B I-III KBapTanax 1938r. 6blll npoBeAeH P51A 3KCnepl-1MeHTanbHbix pa­ 60T. B 'laCTHOCTI-1 BO II KBapTane npOB€nL1

oTpa60TKY orcexa xpuna, IilcnblTaHl-1e CKJleeHHblX AepeS51HHblX arperaros (umo«, 6pYCKl-l), liIccne,ll.OBaHliIe I1HTbR Vl3 cnnasa C-1 11 APyrlile pa60Tbl. Kpoue roro , npOBO­ Al-111I1Cb MHor04l-lCl1eHHble nacooaropaee L1cnblTaHI1Sl I-1cnonb3yeMbix MaTeplitanOB, AeTa11el1l1 nony4Ja6pIilKaToB. K 113rOTOBlleHL-l1O nepsoro onsrraoro 3K3eMnnRpa 1i1-28 npl-1cTynl1J11il Sasrvcre 1938r., OAHaKO, Ha 1 ~HBap51 cnenyiouiero rona ero TeXHV14eCKaSl rOTOBHOCTb COCTa­ suna scero 52,6% npl-1 J1118He 100%. ~3­

roroaneuae arperaros cauonera. npen­ Ha3Ha4eHHbiX AnR npoae.oeHlo1S1 craracna­ TaHI-1 11 , TaK)I(e orcrasano OT rpa¢!I-1Ka ­ KKOHUY rona 6blno SbmOI1HeHO 62,6%yKa­ aaHHblX pa60T npl-l nnase 100%. nOCTpoi4­

xa onsrraoro oepaaua noonsaranace C 6011bWI1M TPYAOM, TaK KaK c06cTBeHHoi4 npOVl380,ll.CTBeHHol1 6a3bl OnblTHbll1 OT,D,en He I-1Mell, a pyKOBOACT8Q aasona He OKa­ suaanc KOHCTpyKTOpCKOMy KonneKTI1BY COOTBeTCTBYIOu.lel1 nOMOlL\I1 , Bnp04eM, KaK He 6bl110 ee 1-1 co CTOPOHbl HKon. OAHOBpeMBHHO C nepBblM onblTHblM 3K3eMnnSlpOM B npOH3BOACTBe pasaopa­ 4l-18alll1Cb pa60Tbi no BTOPOI1 MaWL1He, 1-1 KKOHUY rona ee TeXHltlyeCKaR rOT08HOCTb COCTaBl-1fla 12,63% np;1 nnaas 69,2%. ~3roToBneHlo1e rpersero SK3eMnnRpa nplo10CTaHOBl-1nVl B oKTSl6pe Ha YPOSHe rOT08HOCT;1 4,6%, TaK KaK no cornacosa­ H1'110 C npencraewrens Mlo1 BBC KA L1 t-ro fY HKOn ero 113rOTOBneHl-le nepeuecna Ha sropoe nonyronne 1939 r. llocnenaee oocrosrenscrso oblno npoaacroeano xe­ n8HI-1eM nOllYYl-1Tb ynyYWeHHbll1 oopaseu I1cTpe6HTe11~, TO eCTb 1-13rOTOB11eHHbll1 C yyeTOM pe3ynbTaToB l-1cnbITaHI1i4 nepBblX ABYXMaWI-1H. '-lTO KacaeTCR TeMnos nOCTpOv,KI1 I1C· Tpe0I-1Te1151 l'1-28, TO cneAyeT OTMeTI-1Tb cneAYIOlL\€e. nplil COCTaaJl€HL1li1 nnaHa pa60T l-e ry HKon npeAycMaTpl-1aano wVlpOKOe Y4acme 3aaOAa N281 S onblT­ HOM npOL-l3BOACTae. no TexnpOM¢!L1Hnlla­ fly OH AOll>KeH Obln OCSOl-1Tb 500000 py6.

Iillllil 13,2% nnaaa xanl1Ta110 B11 O:+:BH 1-1 11 .

OAHaKo B Te4eHIile rona 3aBOA asmon­ HSlll easrue Ha ce6S1 oosaarenecrsa B He3HaY;1TellbHOM oObeMe. npaKTlilyeCKI-1 AO OKTSl6pSl nOMOlL\b asrpaxanace nl1Wb B npenocraaneava cB060AH0l1 n110lL\aAI-1 HeKOTopblX ueXOB 1'1 s aaroroaarensaax paoorax no nepesv. BcneAcT811e aeno­ CTaTOYHoi4 MOlllHOCTL1 MeTan/lOpe>KYlllero oOoPYAoBaHL1~ onuruoro npOI1SBOACTsa CPOKl-1 BbinOnHeHlo151 paoor paCT51rVlBa­ 11lo1Cb. 3aBoA xe Ha4a1l npl-1Hl-1MaTb aaxaau aa CTaHOYHble patioru ronsxo C OKT516p~, HO naxe npl-1HSlTbie 3aK83bl, KaK npa­ BI-1110, S CpOK He BbmOflH~nI1Cb . A 48CTb ycnyr aaxnosanacs nl-1Wb BBblAa4e L1Me­ lOlL\lo1XCSl «a cxnane rOTOBblX HOpManev, (Kpene>Ka). Bcsro xe 3aaOA N28l osasan ycnyr onblTHOMY npoaaaoncray Ha CyMMy 235300 py6. 111111 46% nnasa.

KpoMe roro, npH BblAeneHVlI1 OK6 a caMOCTOATenbHYIO e,QIilHI-1UY AJ1~ npoa€,ll.e­ Hl-1Sl npoekraux paoor eMy npeAOCTaSH11Vl He.oOCT8T04Hbie nnouiana, npl-14eM no­ cneAHlile 6blnL-l pas6pocaHbi no 8ee~ rep­ P\-1TOPI'1I1 aaeona. npltlnOTpe6HOCTI1 600 M2 a caoe pacnopsxeuae OK6 nonYYlilno 8ce­ ro 199 M2 • B CBR311 C 3Tl-1M npnxonvnocs I-1Cn011b30BaTb nO,ll,C06Hble nOMeUl,eHI-1Sl saaona, na60paTOpl-11-1 1-1 T.n. cosapuren­ HO He npl-1cnOC06neHHble KKOHCTpyKTOp­ CKOi4 oaoore. AalKe HeCMOTpR Ha 50%-ylO YKOMn11eKTQSaHHOCTb OK5, ¢!aKTIil'leCKaSl nnouians Ha onaoro KOHCTpyKTopa co­ crasnana 3,15 M2 npl-l HopMe 6 M2, ~3-3a HexsaTKVl cneUHa1H1CTOB C pa3peweHI1Sl l-ro ry HKon COTpYAHL1KaM OK5 npa­ W110Cb I1cnOllb30BaTb cBepxYPo4Hoe spe­ M51, oc06eHHo B aarycTe-HoR6pe. BaeAe­ Hl1e cAel1bHoi1 OnnaTbl TpYAa TalOKe n03BO­ 111'1110 yaCTI-14HO KOMneHCL1pOBaTb HexaaTKy KOHcTpyKTOpoa. OTAenbHble CTaxaHoau.bl (¢leo¢!aHoB, Hanl-lMOa, .o.ML1TpL1eB \1 AP.) BbinonHAAL1 HOpMy Ha 200%1-1 Bblwe.

YCT8Hoa11eHHbll1 Ha 1938 ~ oObeM onblTHblX pa60T He 6blJ1 ooeCneyeH \II AO­ CTaTOYHOI1 np0L13BOACTBeHHoi1 n11OUI,aAblO. OnWTHlol1l3K3eMnnAp AByxMecTHoro HCTpe6MTenA AM-6 (LlK&-l1) KOHCTPYKI.\MH C.A. KOYepMrMHa MB.n. 5ll.\eHKO

31

AllR BblnOllHeHli1Sl nporpaMMbl npn KOSep­ epl1Ul1eHTe CMeHHOCHl 1,5 uexv NQ8 rpe­ GOBanocb 1480 M2. cDaKTli1yecKli1 ,D,O 01'­ TROPR uex pacnonaran nnouiansn scero B 500 M2 (37,8%). B KOHLJ,e I1lOnR onuruoe np0li13BOACTBO nOllYYli1110 euie 250 M1 80 SHOBb OTCTpoeHHOM koonyce, 'ITO nano 803MO)KHOCTb OT'IaCTli1 paaseosyrs pa6o­ Ty Ha crapoa nJ10U\aAli1 nyTeM nepeaona Ha H08YlO cxnaaa neraneji. MaKeTa ca­ MOneTa li1 T.n. II1cnonb30BaTb HOBylO nno­ U\a,D,b ,D,l1Sl BblnOJ1HeHI1Sl onblTHbiX pa60T He npeACTaBJ1Sl110Cb 803MO)KHblM, Tal' KaK naxe I' 1 SlHBapSl 1939 r. TYAa He 6blno nOABeAeHO Hli1 oronneuae, HI1 Marli1CTpanb C)KaTOra aosnvxa, HI1 OCBeU\eHli1e. nL-lWb nocne HeO,D,HOKpaTHblx oopa­ U\eHL-I~ I' ,D,l1peKLlVtli1 3aBOAa B uexe NQ21 AIlSI onsrrsoro np0I1380,D,CTBa 6blll0 sane­ neso euie 270 M2, HO L-I TaM reaneparvp­ Hble yCJ1OBli1R OCTa811Rlll1 xanars nY4wero.

TaK B AeKa6pe, BBI1,D,y Hl'13KOLii reuneparv­ pu, pa60Tbi no nepesv Ha :noiil n110U\aAli1 He npOIil3BO.Qli111li1Cb 8 TeyeHlile 15 ,D,Heiil. nOCTpOI1Ka xe H080ro onaruoro uexa, HeCMOTpSl sa npaxaa no 1-MY ry HKon NQ0720T 15 ceHTSl6pSl 1938 r. 0 epoPCI1PO­ 8aHI1li1 patior, BeJ1aCb KpaillHe Me,D,l1eHHO. 11 ua 1 RHBapR 1939 r. CPOKIiI ero 8BOAa B crpoa OCTa8aJ1li1Cb Heli13BeCTHbIMli1.

KaK YlKe OTMe'lanOCb, MOU\HOCTb CTa­ HO'IHOrO naoxa (7 roxapaux, 1 ooeseo­ Hbll1, 1 CTporanbHbliil 11 3 cBepnVlllbHblX) onuraoro npOVl3BO,D,CTBa 6b1na HeAO­ crarosuoa . OHa n03B0l151J1a 06ecne'llo1Tb naxe np\o1 ..a.ByxcMeHHol1 patiore acero 27% CTaHO'lHbIX pa60T. BA06aBOK 8 Teye­ Hl1e 1938 r. usx NQ8 I1cnblTbl8an HexBaTKy paGoyel1 Cl'1nbl, oc06eHHo cnecapeiil, CTa­ HO'lHl'1KOB li1 lKeCHIHU\l'1KOB, 'ITO TaK)Ke 8ne­ 1'110 npl1MeHeHl'1e ceepxypo'lHblX pa60T. K KOHUY ro..a.a uex oc060 OCTpO Hy)l(,D,aJ1C5I 8 Cl1ecapSlX-MOHTalKHI1KaX li1 CTaHO'lHI1Kax. Y'I\I1TblBaA 3TO, B nJlaHe 1938 f. npeA­ yCMaTplil88nOCb, "lTO ..a.eepli1LlIiIT CTaHKO­ '1aCOB 6YAeT nOKPblT Cepl'1HHbIMI1 UeXaMI1 3aBO,D,a NQ81. nOcneAHli1e Ha'lanlil npL-l-

Hill MaTb 3aKa3bl C31 OKTSl6pR, HO TOJ1bKO nplil Hanli1'11111 cB060AHOLii MOU\HOCTL-I li1nl1 npli1 npOCToRX. 1I13-3a 8TOfO nsrana npo­ nexasana B uexax 3a80,D,a no HeCKOJlbKO AHeiil 6e3 Ael1lKeHli1Sl, a nopoa li1 Bo06U\e repnnacs. nVlWb C cepeAIiIHbl ,D,eKa6pR nOMOU\b 3aBOAa B MexaHWleCKL-IX pa­ GOTax yBenw'll1naCb, HO B pasuepax, He 06eCne'lVlB81OU\L-IX ebIJ10J1HBH l'1Sl e cpo K nnasa onaraax pa60T. B noenocrasne­ Hli11i1 onbiTHOMY npOIil3BO,D,CTSy rpex TO­ KapHblx CTaHKOB B IV xsaprane 1938 r. t-e HKOn orxasano, TaK)I(e no nnaay 1938 r. noeanona­ ranees, 4TO 3a80A N281 6YAeT cHa6)KaTb onareue pa60Tbl MaTeplil8naMVl L-I nony­ epa6pl1KaTaMI1. OAHaKo nplil COCTaBJ1eHl1l1l 38SlBOK Ha MaTepl1anbHOe 06eCne'leHlile nOTpe6HOCTI1 onsmroro npoaaaoncraa He y'l L-ITbl8al1 lilCb, B CBA3L-1 C3Tlo1M sonpo­ CaMI1 cHa6)1(eHlilA npauinocs 3aHIiIMaTbCR annaparv rnasuoro KOHCTpyKTOpa. MaTe­ puansr, BblABnBHHble 5-M OTAenOM rl1as­ xa, nocrynana co 3Ha'iIilTenbHblMIiI ono­ 3AaHVlSlMIo1. \!\Mel1l1 MeCTO npOCTOI1 \113-3a HecsoeapeMeHHoro nOJ1y<tBHlo1R urnoua, 6PYCKOB 11 APyrl1x necoearepaanoa. He­ xoropue MaTeplilanbl, BblABneHHble AJIA OnblTHblX pa60T, KaK, HanplilMep, xpoaaa­ caneaue Tpy6bl iii BOBce He 6blJ111 aasapa­ lKeHbl. 6blJ1l'1 cnysaa, xorna nony'leHHbll1 ,D,nSl onerrsoro np0l13BOACT8a umoa IiIC­ nOJlb30SanCR 3aBOAOM . LJacTb MaTep\ll­ anos (Tpy6bl, J1VlCTOBOI1 MaTep\l1aJ1, npo­ epL1nSl, nnacrwacca) B el1AY He60J1bwoi1 nOTpe6HOCTli1 e HVlX YAanOCb AOCTaTb Ha pOACTseHHblX 3aBOAax, rne OHIiI RellRnL-lCb OCTaTKaMI1 I1nlil OTxO.QaMIiI np0l'13BO,D,CTBa. K C'IaCTblO MOCKOBCKoe OT,D,elleHl1e roc­ 6aHKa 06eCne'lIilBanO epL-lHaHCL1pOBaHVle OnblTHblX pa60T 6e3 38,D,eplKeK. nOASOAR I1TOrL-l pa60Tbi 3aBO,D,a NQ81 3a 1938 f., PYKOBO.QCTBO 1-ro ry HKAn AoaOJ1bHO lKeCTKO YKa3ano AlilpeKl\lilL-l 3aso..a.a Ha He.QOCTaTKIiI B 06ecne'leHI1\11 onblTHblX pa60T iii nplil3Hano pa60TY 3aBO­ Aa B 3TO~ '1aCTlil HeY.QOBneTBopIiITel1bHOI1.

rv

,ll,liIpeKTOpy 3880Aa n. M. CaMcoHoay npe,D,nli1CblBanOCb npillHATbCpO'lHble Mepbl no yCTpaHeHL-I1O OTMeyeHHblX HB.QOCTaTKOB 11 no 06ecne'leHli11O nonHOl..\eHHoi1 nOMO­ U\lil onblTHOMY orneny. 8 TOlKe apeMSl pa­ 60Ta omena NQ3 BC03.QaBWlllXCSl ycnosa­ RX nony41i1na nOJlolKl1TenbHYIO OUeHKY, 'ITO, no MHeHlil10 t -ro ry HKAn, C8l'1AeTenbCT­ B08all0 0 nonHOM 11 npaSI1J1bHOM L-ICnOnb­ 30BaHli111 CBO\ll X 803MOlKHOCTeiil onblTHblM OT.QeIlOM 3aSO.Qa BO rnaaa C rIla8HblM KOH­ CTpyKTOpOM B.n. ~ueHKO. HeCMOTpA Ha BCe npenoue, xonnex­ TIiIBY OK6 L-I onsraoro np0l13BOACTsa yAa­ noes He TOl1bKO npaKTl14eCKl1 aaaepunm, npoexrapoeauae iii npliICTynlilTb K \113ro­ TOBneHVlIO A8YX onursux 06pa3LloB 101-28, HO iii cyU\eCTBeHHO CHl13lo1Tb noxasarena ce6eCT0l1MOCTl1 nooexrapoeaaus MaW\I1­ Hbl, COCTaaVlBWel1 scero 41,6% OT sanna­ HL-IpOBaHHOI1 nplil TexHVl4ecKoiil rOTOBHO­ CTIiI npoexra 97,5%.

II1cTpe61i1Tenb 111-28 npeACT8BJ1Rn co­ 6011 o..a.HoMecTHbli1 cB06oAHoHecYU\1111 MOHonnaH CKpblIlOM TL-Ina «06paTHaR '1a'1­ xa» iii y6Ii1palOw,li1MCR uiacca. «06paTHYIO '1aiilKY" Bbl6panlil C uenuo 06ecne'leHI1Sl xopourero 0630pa snepen a TaK)I(e AnR HaL-lny'lwero COnpSl)KeHlilSl Kpblna COBaJ1b­ HblM eplO3enRlKBM, 'ITO AaBaJ10 B03MO)K­ HOCTb YMeHbWl'1Tb 8blCOTy iii, cnenosa­ rensao, Maccy uracca. KOHCTpyKLJ,I1R ca­ MoneTa CMewaHHaSl, C npe06naAalOw,I1M \IIcn0J1b30eaH\IIeM nepesa 11 WIilPOKIiIM npl1MeHeHVleM a11l0MIiIHVlBaoro nVlTbA. cDI03enRlK caMoneTa COCTORJI L-I3 nayx '1aCTel1. nepeAHAA '1aCTb npe,D,CTaSJ1Ana Co6011 epepMy, caapeHHylO 1i13 xpOMaHCIiI­ neBblX Tpy6. AnR CTbIKOBKL-I C KpblnOM Ha paMax NQ2 11 NQ3 IiIMenOCb no ,D,Ba Y3J1a.

KpOMe Toro, Ha paMe NQ3 pacnoJ1ara­ J1L-1Cb yeTblpe Y3J1a KpenneHIiIR xBOCToaoi1 '1aCTI1 <!>JOsenAlKa. cDepMa 3aKpblsanacb CbeMHblMli1 naHel1AMI1 Vl3 AlOpanR, KOTO­ pble KpenL-lnli1Cb KAJOpaneBoMY KapKacy C nOMoU\blO 3aMKoe mna «¢ei1pL-l". YeTblpe HIiI>KHVlX J1lQKa iii Kpyr nble nlO'IKlil eplil KCIiI­

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69,2 58,1 87,0 8010 66,7

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I

4l103ellll)IC MCTpe6MTenll H-26, YCTsHollJ1eHHbl1l ua cnell;M8nbHOIl TpSHcnopTMpOBO'lHOi'i TeneJl(Ke

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AnSl CTblKOBKl-l C <!l103enSlJKeM 111 MO­ TOpaMoiil Ha Kpblne I-1MeJlOCb urecrs y3­ nOB, 1-13rOTOaneHHblX 113 anlOMIIIHlo1eaoro cnnaaa. nepeAHSlSl napa HaXOAII1JlaCb Ha ClllnOBOM crpasrepe, aropas napa - Ha nOHJKepOHe 111 rpersa - Ha 3aAHeiil CTeHKe l-1 XBOCTOBblX '1aCTRX sepaop. KpOMe 3TO­ ro Me>KAY HepelOpaMt,1 N26 11 N27 CKB>KAOIil CTOpOHbl YCTaH8BllIIIB811I1Cb euie ABe napu anlOMI1H\.1eBbIX yanos: OAHa Ha Cl-lJ1080M crpuureoe AllR KpenJleHt,11'1 auoptwaaua­ OHHblX CToeK, APyraSl Ha 110H)I(epOHe )lJlR KpenJleHt,11'1 OCHoaHblX onop uiacca. 38Jl113 Me)l(AY <!l103ellR)I(eM 111 Kpblll0M 113rOTaa­ nlllBanCR 1113 nucroaoro AlOpanlOMVlHIIISl III npo<pl111elil. BepXHSlSl nOll0Bl1H8 KaJKAOrO sanaaa COCTORlla 1113 rpex paabeMHblX '1a· crea, npll1'1eM cpeAHRSl '1aCTb 6blna ner­ KocbeMHoiil. naHenl1 sanvsa Kpenl1JlI1Cb Ha BI1HTaX liI aHKepHblX raaxax. Hl1lKHRSl '1aCTb 38111138 conoarana xsocru uepsop C <p103enRJKeM 111 6blna Bblo011HBHa K8X O,lJ.HO LlBnOB. 3nepOHbl 061l.lei1 nll0ll.la,ll.blO 1,32 M2 3aHl1Malll1 35% pa3MBxa KpblJ1a. OHIII liIMe­ J1li1 100% BecoBylO KOMneHCalll-llO, npOTl1­ Boe8Cbl KOTOPOi1 6blJll-1 ablHeceHHble nOA Kpblno Ha KpoHwre~Hax . Cl1ll0BOlil Ha60p 1-13roraa11I1B8JlCfI 113 ,ll.lOpalllOMliIHI1R liI co ­ CTOSln 113 Tpy6'1aTOrO nOHJKepOHa, Ha60pa HepBlOp \01 o60,lJ.a. 3nepOHbi 06TSlrIllBaJ11-1 n0J10THOM, 3a I1CKJlIO'IeHl1eM HOCKOS, KO­ Topble 06WI1S8J111 nl1CTOBblM ,ll.lOpalleM. KpenlleHlI1e KaJK)lOrO 311epOHa OCYll.leCTB­ nSl110Cb HaTpex wapH~pax .

AM YMeHbWeHI1R ooca)lo'1Hoiii eKO­ pOCTII1 Kpbl110 OCHaCTI111li1 4eTblpbMSl AIO­

paneBblMII1 UJ,liITKaMI1-3aKpblnKaMVI H111a «WpeHK» 06l1..1,ev. nnouianso 2,32 M2 • OHIII pacnonaranacs no aceMy paawaxv cao­ 60AHOMY OT 3JlepOH08 (65%), a liIX WII1­ pl1Ha COCTaBnSlna 20% OT XOp)lbl xouna .

W,I1TKI1 3aXOAI1J1111 nOA <!l103eIlRJK. '1TO nosenuano \o1X 3epepeKTl-1BHOCTb. BblnycK t,1 y60pKa ocyuiecrsnsnacs C nowouiuo cxaroro soanyxa. MaKCI1M8JlbHOe orxpu­ me - 50'. BHyTpeHHSlSl napa xpenunacs ua WeCT\1 uraosapax, '1TO AIo1KTOaal10Cb Kplll­ BOJ1I1Hev.HocTblO UJ,IIITKOB, a 8HeWHSlSl - Ha WOMnOJlax. rOpl130HT8nbHoe onepesae I-IMeJ10 06­ Il.lYIO nnouiaae 2,97 M2, KOTopaR nopoasv nenanacs Me>KAY cTa611111t,138TOPOM 1-1 py­ 11eM BbICOTbl . Tonuiaaa npoeplilnSl y KOPHSl 10%, Haxoauax - 7%. CBo6oAHoHecYWllllil cTa6101Jll138TOP COCTORl11-13 AayxOTbeMHblX KOHconbHblX '1acTeiil liI AByx AlOpal1eBblx 11 0Hxepo Haa, KOTO Pbl e pacnonaranacs BHyrpl1 eplO3enSllKa. Ha nepe)lHeM nosxe­ pone YCTaHa8Jll-1BanCR yaen «pennenns K umaurovry NQ9, H8 3aAHeM - ueurpans­ Hbliil wapHliIp pynSl BblCOTbl 11 y3eJ1 pervn«­ pOeKI1 yCTaHOBO'1Horo yrna cTa6l1nl13aTO­ pa. Kapxac KOHconbHblX '1acTeiil COCTORn 113 Aeyx nOH)I(epOHOB 111 Haoopa aepaiop. xorooue l1arOTaal1l1BaJlIIICb 1113 nooamo­ MII1HI1Sl. 3Tl1M JKe MaTep118110M OOWliIBal1CR HOCOK cTa6l-tJ1113aTOpa, a OCTanbHaSl ero '1aCTb 06TSlrlllBanaCb 110nOTHOM. CTa6111­ J11013aTOp I1Me11 yro11 YCTaH08Kt,1 0,5'. B no­ J1BTe ero MO)l(HQ 6blno MeHSlTb B Al1ana­ 30He ±l,S ' C nOMOll.lblO yana peryJllllpoa­ KII1. Py'1Ka ynpaBJ1eHI1Sl cTa611J1l13aTOpOM YCTaHaBllI1B811aCb cnp8e8 OT 118T'1I1K8 Ha wnaHroyre NQ4.

Pynb BblCOTbl HaaeWI-1BanCSl KcTa6J,1­ nlll3aTopy H8 11RTI-1 WapHl-1pax . Ero lJ,eHT­ p8nbHaR '1aCTb, npoxo,qRll.l8Sl BHyrplil <!l1O­ 3eM>Ka, npe)lCTaBJ1Rna co6olil CTallbHYIO Tpy6y (50x46 MM), K KOTOpoiii Kpenl-lJ1I1Cb ABe nOnOal-1Hbl pyllRBbICOTbi. Cl1nOBoi:! Ha­ Oop nOC11eAHI1X COCTOSlIl 113 COCTaBHoro

33

Kpbl110

HCTpe6~lTenH

101·28 H3Tp3HcnopTHpoB04HOH TenelKKe

Tpy6YaTOrO nouxepoua (50x45 MM H 45x41 MM), Ha60pa aepaop ~1 3aAHel1

Aml pery11HpOBKI1 rH6K0l1 nposonka B

KpOMKH. HOCKH pyn~ 06WH8811HCb AIO­ p811eM , 8 OCTa11bH8R yaCTb - n0110THOM .

PY11b BblCOTbl I1Men 100% eecosyo KOM­ neHCall,l1lO - C8HHL\OBbIH rpy3 Kpenl111C51 K no6080My 06TeK8Te11lO BHyTpH pyJ1~ H cHapy>KH. BepTHKaJlbHOe onepeHl1e I1MeJlO 06~ylO nnouiane 1,455 M2 , 113 KOTOPblX 0,855 M2 npHxOAHnOCb Ha PY11b uanpas­ 11eHIHI. KOHCTPYKlll1R nOCJleAHerO 6blJl8 aHa11orH4Ha pyruo eucoru , aa HCKnlOye­ Hl1eM Tpy6Y8TOrO nouxepoua (55x52 MM).

BecoB8H KOMneHcallHR BBHAe csauuoaax nnacrna pacnonaranacs Ha HOCKe pyml C BHeWHeH CTOpOHbl. Ha aaAHev, KpOMKe PYJlR H8npaBneHI1R xpenanace AlOp811e­ BaR nnacraua, KOTOPYIO MOlKHO 6blJlO OT­ rl16aTb 8 aa8HCI1MOCTI1 OT n08€AeHI1R ca­ MOJl€Ta B aoanvxe PYYHOe ynpa8JleHHe cavonerov CMe­ waHHoe - e ¢!lOaeJ1SDKe npOBOAKa lKeCl-

HHlKHeH yaCTH xpuna I1Menl1Cb cneuaans­ Hble 11IOYKI1. Yron OTKnOHeHI1R snepouoa ±22'30', pynR BblCOTbl - aaepx 28', aH1iI3 18'. HO>KHOe vnpaanesae xecrxoe. Yron OTK110HeHVlR pynR aanpaaneavs anpaao 26"25', aneeo 26'50' . lllacca TpeXKOJl€CHOe C XBOCTOBOCl onopoa H B03.QywHo-MacMlHoH auoprw­ 3811I1ei1 . Ha OCH08HbiX onopax yCT8H8enH' Ba11I1Cb TOPM03Hbie xoneca 700x150 MM, aa KOCTblJ1e - 300x125 MM. KoneR waCCI1 1940 MM , CTORH04Hbll1 vron - 13'15', vron KanOT8lKa - 26'25'. B nonere ocaoaasre onop u y6l-1palll1cb B Kpbl110 C nOMOlUblO nHeSMOCI1CTeMbl. npl1 OTKa3e nocnen­ HeH AJHl sunvcsa «cnonsaoeanacs Me­ XaHH'leC Ka!l CI1CTeMa. aeapl1HHas:l PY'lK8 KOTOpOV, HaXOAl1naCb e Ka611He nVl110Ta C npaaol1 CTOpOHbl. C ee nOMOLUblO neTYHK, Bbl.QeprI1Ba51 TpOC , OTCOeAHH5111 lIHmlH­ APbl nonseva. VI CTOV,Kl-I C KoneCaMI1 nOA

KaR, a Kpblne - rH6KaR (nearu paC'1811KH).

YCT3HOBK3 KPynHoK3nM6epHoro nyneMeT3 WBAK (cBepxy) MnyneMeT3 WKAC H3neaOM 60pTy MCTpe6MTenH 11-28

34

c06CTaeHHbiM eeCOM 8bIXOJ:\I1IlH 113 KonOA­ uea no nYTH OHI1 nocunanacs Ha 3aMOK npy>KI1HoH . li.lI1TKI1 uiacc« Kpem111 HCb K OCHOBHblM onopaa. KOCTbl11bHaR vcraaoe­ Ka raxxe y61i1pa11aCb npn nOMOLUH naes­ MOCHcTeMbl , a asapHHHbl11 eblnycK ocy­ LUeCTBnRnc~ PY4KOV, cronoouoro Mexa­ HH3Ma. KOTOPblCl ooecnexaaan ¢!HKcauHIO xsoctoaoro xoneca crporo no nonerv. \I13-3a OTCyTCTSI1~ urraruoro MOTopa M-BB (1100 n.c.) Ha Mawl1HY YCTaHoBl1nH MeHee MOlUHblH M-87A (950 n.c.), '1TO no­ a80nRIlO He aanepxaaars HayallO 118THbiX HCnblTaHHH. MOTopaMa cocrosna 113 K011b­ lI8, corsvroro l'I3 lpy6bl MapKI1 ~M " , K KO­ TOpOMy 6blnl-l npueapeua 14 ysnoe lKeCT­ xoro KpenlleHI1s:l MOTOpa. K KOllbllY raxxe noaaapwaanoce aoceus xpOMaHCI1JleSblX CTeplKHeH , \1 euie xerupe CTeplKHI'l CAe­ nana CbeMHbIMI1. MOTopaMa Kpenl10aCb K y30aM nepaoa paMbl ¢!epMbl ¢!103eflSllKa, K AByM Hl1lKHI1M CTep>KHRM npH88pHBa­ flHCb y311bl KpenneHHR xpsrna .

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Ka>KAblVo 6aK a8nHBanCR HHAI1BI1AyaJlbHO

YCTaHOBK8 MOTOp3 M·87A N2871062 H3MCTpe6101Tene 11-28

sepea cersarua 4>L1nbTp 14 l-1Men C06CT­ aeHHbliil 6eH3L1HOMep. 3anlolBHbie ropno­ BL1Hbl 6blnL1 BblBe,lJ,eHbl Ha lleBbliii 60pT. OXlla~AeHl4e Macna 06ecneLJL1Ban KOnbueBoilMaCllOpa,lJ,L1aTOp, pacnonaraB­ WVliilcfl nepen ABL1raTeneM. OH aaxpaean­ cs 06TeKaTelleM CynpaanReMblM ~aJ1l03101 .

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Brynxa BI1HTa aaxpueanace KOKOM .

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SMAHa npM6opHylO AOCKy MPY'4KY ynpaBJ1eHMA CaMOJ1eTOM, CTpeJ1KOM YKa3aHbl raweTKM ynpaBJ1eHMA CTpenb60H

nsxa . nOfleTbl aa 8blCOTaX60llee 4000 M o6ecne'H1B311 npntiop KnA-3 11 4-11L1TpO ­ sbliil KI1CnOpoAHbl1it 6aIlflOH. nOCneAHL1~ pa3MeUJ,allC51 Ha Jl€BOM 60pTy Yuinasrov­ ra Ng4, a KnA-3 - Ha nony Ka6HHbi nnnora.

BeCHOH 1939r. coopxa nepsoro onsrr­ uoro 3K3eMnnRpa L1cTpe6lo1TeJHI lil-28 auurna Ha 4>lo1HI1WHYIO npflMylO. B CBfl3\11 C 3TI1M npl1Ka30M no 1-Myry HKAn N224 OT 29 anpens A11fl nposeoxa rOTOBHOCTIo1 ca­ MoneTa KnepBoMy sunerv l-1 npoaBAeHII\5l SaBO.l:\CKl-1X I1cnbITaHl-1ii1 6blna Ha3Ha4eH8 KOMHCCL1fl nOA noencenarenecrsoa rnaa­ Horo KOHCTpyKTopa B.n. flu.eHKO. B ee co­ eras eourn» BeAYLlI,IIIr, L1Hlt<eHep no l-1cnbl­ T3HL111M A.S. MeJlbHL-lKOB 11 npeACTaBI1Tef1l-1 Hlillil BBC KA - nOMOUJ,HIo1K HaLJanbHL1Ka L1cTpe5I1Te11bHoro OTAeneHl-15l no fleTHolit 4aCTI1 Mailop n .M. CTe4>aHoBCKL1iii , BO­ eHI1Hlt<eHep t-ro paura lil.r. Jlaaapes, a raxxe ,lJ,Pyrl1e CneUL1a11I1CTbl HIilIl1 BBC KA 11 3aBOAa N!?81. CTOl-1T OTMeTL1Tb, 'iTO \II neTLJI1K-lo1cnblTaTBnb n.M. CTe¢aHOaCKl-1ii1 l-1 BeAYUJ,l-1ii1 L-lHlt<eHep lI1 .r. Jlaaapes Belll1 HOBytO MaWHHY ew.e C arana 3CKL-l3HOrO npoeKTloIpOBaHl1fll-1 npl1HI1MaflL-l aKTt1BHOe yLJaCTHe B 06CY;KABHI-1l-1 scex BonpOCOB B03HI1 KaBWL-l Xnp\ll npOeKT\IIpOBaHL-lL1, no­ CTpOHKe MaKeTa 11 caMoro L-lcTpe6I1Tef15l.

KOMl-1CCl-1L1 npeAnL1CblSanOCb paCCMO­ TpeTb BCtO AOKYMBHT3l\L11O C8MoneTa. xa· paKTepl-13ylOUJ,ytO ero rOTOBHOCTb K nep­ BOMy BbineTY (npoAyBKI1, paC'ieTbl: a3po­ .l:\L1HaML1'ieCKIo1ii1, Ha npO'lHOCTb, Ha BL16pa­ l\l-110, npOTOK011bl CTaTL-lCnbITaHI1ii1 11 AP.), 8 aKT 0 ero rOTOBHOCTL-l K BblneryTpe6oBa­ JlOCb npeACTaBa.1Tb HapKoMy. KpOMe 3Toro nepeAnepBblM BbineTOM L-l BXOAe l-1cnbITa­ HL1il rnaBHoMy KOHCTpyKTOPY Heo6xo,lJ,IIIMO 6blflO 06eCneLJI1Tb Ha61l1OAeHL1e 3a COCTO­ RHHeM 1il-28 L-l Tw.aTeJlbHYIO npoBepKy era I1cnpaaHOCnt 11 rOTOBHOCTa.1 K noneTaM,

06paU\allocoeoe BHI1MaHl-1e ua 6e30TKa3­ HylO l-1 npaSl-1nbHYIO pa60TY MOTopa \1 BMr, opraxos ynpaS11eHL1s:l caaoneroa H MOTO­ pOM, npl160pOB 11 scex APynlx arperaros, a raxxe 06eCne'iI1Tb nuarensavo npo­ BepKy acex paoor, caasauaux C.l:\oBoAKoiii MaWL1Hbl BO BpeM5ll4cnblTaHHiii.

TeM speMeHeM B KOMlo1TeTe 060POHbi np\ll CHK CCCP B nepuon C 11 no 13 MaR 1939 r. npowno aropoe pacurapeuaoe COBeUJ,aHlI\e , Ha KOTOpOM oecvxnanacs paoora KOHC TPYKTOpCKL-lX K011neKTL1BOS , l-1X nnaHbl 11 B03MOJl(HOCTI1, yraepxnanuc» OCHOBHble neruae AaHHbie 6YAYU.l!>1X ca­ MOlleTOB - MaKCL1ManbHafl CKOpOCTb, npa­ KTI1'leCKI1 v, nOTonOK, AanbHOCTb n011eTa, COCTas Boopy~eHL1Sl, a TaK JI(e vcrasaen«­ sanvce CpOKL-l, He06xOAI1Mble AJls:l npoex­ Tl1pOBaHI1Sl ~1 nocrposxa onsrrsax otipaa­ UOB. Taoee PYKOBO,lJ,CTBO HKAn BblHecno aa 06cY~AeH\1e npoexr nOCTaHOBneHL-lfl ,,0 BHeApeHI1\1 BCepL-lilHOe np0l13BOACTao HOBblX l-1 MO.l:\I14>l-1Ul-1pOBaHHblx caaoneros L1 C03AaHHl-1 HOBblX caM011eTOB B 1939 r.» l-1 PR.l:\ APyrL-lx. no L1ToraM MaiiiCKOro COBeUJ,aHl-15l 6blfla C4>0PM t1pOBaHa KOM \1CCL1fl non npencenarenecreoe HapKOM8 060POHbi Mapwana COBeTCKoro COlO3a K.E. Bopo­ WI1110Ba, KOTOpOV, nopyLJL-lnl1 AOpa6oTKy npeACT8SIleHHblX Ha 06cYlt<AeHl4e npo­ eKTOB. KpoMe 3Toro KOMl-1CCL111 npeAml­ CblBanOCb paCCMOTpeTb B03MOlt<HOCTb nOBbIWeHl-11l lleTHblX AaHHblX MOAl-14>l-1Ul-1­ pOBaHHblX 11 HOBblX caMoneTOB, KaK BHe­ APlleMblX B np0l-13BOACTBO, TaK 11 BHOBb npOBKTL1pyeMbix.

B KpaTLJalitWl1e CPOKL1 KOMl-1CCI111 pa3­ pa6oTan8 nopRAOK BHeApeHI151 B cepl-1Vo­ Hoe np0l13BOACTBO B 1939 r. MOAL-l<!>I1UI1­ pOBaHHbi X caMoneTOB 11 nflaH onblTHoro CTpOL1TenbCTBa H8 1939 ra,lJ,. Ylt<e 9 L-ltOHR

35

I1cTpe6l1Tellei1 /11-16 H 111-153 COOTBeTCT­

uvna

BeHHO C 445 XM/'I AO 480-490 KM/'l III C

AYIOll.\I1H AeHb

OAHoapeMeHHo C 3H1M

nnauvpoaanocs

Ha3Ha'll1lll1 Ha KOHel\ pa60'lero AHA. O/J.H8·

111-28 co CKOpOCTblO 570-600 XM/'I Ha

au­

KO 113-3a Cl1nbHoro

10 IIIIOHSl n .M. CTe<l>aHoaCKI1H nOAHSlll

noner, npoaon­ noouien no xpyry Ha 8blCOTe 1000 M C Bbtnyw.eHHblM uraccn. lt1-28 S B03AYx. nepBbli1

)l<I1TenbHOCTblO

co CKOPOCTblO, yee1l1-l'leHHoCt

.11.0

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AeH\1Sl COBMeCTHblX

KA AnS! nooae­

neraux

I1cnblTaH\1i1,

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11 OTll8lK11Ba­

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rem,

nars BBC KA B 1939-1940 rr, c nOablweHHblMI1 neTHO-TaKTI1 ­

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nil CI1CTeMY aaapl1i1Horo BblnycKa

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C 60Jlbwei1 T8K:+:e sa C'IeT vny-uue­

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3TO 6blllO npOAHxToaaHo leM, 'ITO a03­

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nocrpcaxa nepeoro 3K­

8 HItlItl BBC

pana

c-oea nonoooosan cauoner B B03,(lYxe.

nOClle OCMoTpa MaWI1HY

Ha fionee

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8

MaHeepeHHblM wCTpe6wTenb \11-190 I1lll1 111·207

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caaoner

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csopononseaxocrs, npaKTI1­ 'IeCXI-IH noronox yxa3aHHbix caaoneroa III YCl1nHTb l1X eoopvxeuwe. Taxxe XOMIIIC­ CI1Sl noennarana 3anYCTl1Tb a ceomo HO­

K.E.

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B UenOM CaMOJleT

y neT'IIIIKa

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corv 3000 M cauoner Ha6111paJl aa 4 MI1H, 5000 M aa 6,3 MI-lH 11 8000 M 3a 12 MI1H.

nepBbl'l onblTHbl'l 3K3eMnl111p CKOpOCTHoro I1cTpe6I11Tel111"1-28 C MOTOpOM M-87A Ha COBMeCTHblX HcnblTaHHllX. H"1"1 BBC KA, I1IOHb 1939 r, CaMo11eT caepxy OKpaWHBanCll B 3el1eHbl'l 4BeT, a CHI13Y B cepe6pHcTbl'l, nOcl1e nOl1eTS 3 11101111 Ha 60pTax !p103enlllKa HaHeCI1H KpSCHble 3Be3Abi

36

B nepBblH AeHb lol!OnR lol3-sa OTCYTCT­ BlolA neT~~Ka 3annaH~pOBaHH~A none1 He COC10RnCR. n03TOMY OH 6blflllenlolKOM nOCBR\UeH pacore Ha MaT'i8cm . B :310T .ll.eHb Ha 111-28 ycraaosana aoopyxeuae \>1 ornanan» paoorv KI1CllOp0.ll.Horo 060­ PYAOBaHlolR, 1aK KaK npeACTORn noner Ha nOTOnOK . Ha cJJe.ll.Y!O\UI1A .o.eHb n.M. CTe­ epaH08CKl1A Ha MaWlolHe, Y)l(e I1MeBWe~ nOlleTHYIO Maccy 2600 xr, 3a 28 MlolH .11.0­ CTl1r MaKCI1M811bHO e03MO)l(HOH eucoru, cocraewaurea 10400 M. Taxxe 2 11101151 flerp MI1Xa~noBw'l co­ eepWI111 euie OAlolH noner, 80 epeMR KO­ roooro OH aa BblCOTe 4000 M BblnonHI111 ceo-no noasux 11 neaux Bl1pa)l(e~ .ll.llR no.o.6opa H8\1\SbirOAHeAweA CKOpOCH1 , MaHespeH HOCTb MaW\I\Hbl npoaepana 3 lollOnR sa sucore 2000 M - cpenseeape­ MR Bl1pa)l(8 COCTaBlo1no 25-26 c. TeXH\I\Ka ero ebinOnHeHI1R TaKaR xe, KaK HB cauo­ nere 111-16 - cnoxsa 11 6blno rPY,QHo Y,Qep­ )l(118aTb CKOPOCTb Ha sapaxe.

Ha 4 Io1lOnSl Ha3Ha'-lI11111 noner C uensio onoeneneuas Bl-16pau,1411 rvna 6aep111Hr \1\ epnanep. no 3aAaHl1!O lleTYVlK Aon)t(eH 6bln BBOAI11b MaWI1HY e nl1Kl1pOBaHl1e C Bbl­ COTbl 5500 M 11 n03TanHO, seoes K8)l()J.ble 20 KM/'-l, aapauraears CKOpOCTb C 520 .11.0 600 KM/'i (no np\l\60py). BblXOA 113 n\l\KI1­ pOBaHI1R orpaHl1'H111\>1 BblCOTOA 3500 M. B cnvsae S03HI1KHOeeH\I\R BI16palll1lol nlo1no­ Ty npennncueanoce y6pSTb raa 11, eblA,QR 113 nl1K\I\poaaHHR , npexparars noner.

8 10 Y 58 M\1H flerp MI1Xav.noBIo1Y nOA­ HRn Mawl1HY B B03AYx. nsoen 3mM AnR n pe AOC TOpO)t(HOCT\I\ 0 TKPbl ea 10 Ul,ylOcR CTBOpKy epoHapR AeMOHTl1pOeall\l\. no­ Hayany ace urno xopowo . BblnonHI1B e COOTBeTCTBl111 C 3aAaHI1eM TpH 3aXOAa C 5500 M, nocnenoearensao AOBOAR CKO­ POCTb .11.0 520 , 560 11 580 KM/'l (no np1-160­ py), OH nOAHRJ1 111-28 ua BblC01y 6100 M, Ha6paJl MaKc~lManbHYIO CKOPOCTb 11 a YeT­ aepTbl~ pas 8BeJ1I1CTpe6l-1Tenb B nl1Ke (nOA yrnoM 60-70"). xorna CKOpOCTb nocrvrna OTMeTKI1 595 KM/'-l YMaWI1Hbl paapvun-nca X60CT, a ne1'-l~Ka Bbl6poc\I\no 113 Ka611Hbi. 1113 AOHeCeHl-IR neT'-lI1Ka-HCnbITaTeJlSl n .M. Crediaaoacsoro: « ... BblCOTS TepflnaCb 6blcrpo, H8'18­ noc» nJ.1Kl1pOa8Hl4e OT l1.!enKOBo B !O)/(HOM H8npaS/leHI1I1 np8aee83po,apOMa. H8 H=3500 uetoo« CKOpOCTb AOW/l8 .ao 595 KMj'l8C no npl160py. B 3TOT MO­ MeHT ceuonet B3.apOTHyn 11 K8K 6y,aTO 6b1 yae/lWlJ1nJ.1Cb tsnor« uotooe C np8Boil ctooonu, HO$I He BI1,aen, IfTo6bl K8KaR-HI4­ 6YAb,aeTanb nponetene MI4MO. B cneAYIOWI4i1 MOMeHT fI nO'lyBcTBO­ Ban, 'ITO caMoneT 38aanJ.1BaeTCfI 8neao 14 HecnywaeTcSl py.nei1. Bce 3ro npO~130W ­ no nO'fTl1 MTHOBeHHO B relfeHJ.1e .aecflroi1 ,aonl1 ceKyHAbl. nO-BJ.1,QJ.1MoMy, B cneAYIOWJ.1M MOMeHT OT KOfiOCCaJIbHOi1 H8rpY3KI1 $I nOTepflfl co­ 3H8NI1e 11 6b1fl 8bl6poweH /.13 C8Moner8.

061411H B~A MeCTa naAeHllA cassonera

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061411HBI1Ap33pyweHHoH XBOCTOBOM 'l3C TI1eplO3enAlK3 H3 MeCTe n3AeHllA. CTpenX3MI1 nOX333Hbi pynb HanpaBl1eHI1I111 Tllra ynp3Bl1eHMA

npl1wen 8 ce6n B B03Ayxe 8 nonoxe­ HI1I1 Ha CnJ.1He BH143 ronOB0J114 ySI1,llen H8A co6oi1nenlU.(J.1e MenKlIIe ueten«. nepaaR Mon Mblcnb 6blfla. He oreounc» fll1 napa­ WIOT npJ.1 YA8pe 0 ceuonet. HO cel1'1ac)/(e y6e,aJ.1nCR, 'ITO MMKI1 H8 MHe, ueiuen py­ KOflTKY rpOC8 14 BbiAepHyn ee. tteoeuiot pecspunc« XOPOWO 14 6bJCTPO, caoeee BHI13Y vetpoe 500 yr3l1,aefl wronopRWMM caMoneT...~.

B 11 Y 30 MI1H HeynpaBnReMbl~ HCTpe­ 6l-1TMbynan B nocenxe 68Jlawl1xa y 3AaHI151 WKOllbl H 6bln nOllHOC1blO paapvureu. Jler­ 'lI-1K, OTAe1186WIo1Cb YWI160M npasoa Horl-1, 6narononyYHO npl13eMnl1nC51 Ha napaunore a ,Q8yX K\I\nOMeTpax ceaepuee MeCTa nane­ HI1R cauonera TSKIo1M neY8JlbHblM o6pa30M 14cnbl1aHI1R «3aBepWI111I-1Cb» He 17-M none­ Te. 06\U1-1~ saner VI-28 cocrasnn 9'1 4 M\I\H, a Hapa60TKaMOTopa M-87A - 17 ~ 9 MI1H. AnR 8bl51CHeHI1R nplo1411H asapaa 11 YCTaH06neHI1~ Mep, Heo6xOAl-IMbiX AnR I1X yC1paHeH~lR COBMeCTHblM npl1Ka30M HKO lol HKAn N2096/168 015 I1I011S'l 1939 r. 6bl11a C03AaHa KOMI1CCI-1R no,Q npeAce­ .o.aTenbCT60M 3aMeCHnellR H8'lanbHI1Ka UAflil npoepeccopa C.H. WI1WKI-1Ha, Bee COCTa6 Bownlo1: OT HII1I11 BBC KA - Ha4anb­ H\I\K \l\HCTI-1TyTa 6pl-1rl-lH)l(eHep A.VI. CDl1nl1H, ero nOMO\UHHK 6p1-1HIH)t(eHep VI .CD. neT­

poa , ae,QYUl,Vllii I-1H)l(eHep eOeHIilH)l(eHep t-ro pasra li1 .r. Jlaaapee, Ha'lanbHI-1K I1C­ Tpe611TeJlbHoro OT,QeneHI1R BOeHI1H)t(eHep t-ro pasra A .C. BOe60Al-IH \II HayanbH~K 5-ro omena (MoTopHoro) BOeHl-IH)l(eHep t-ro paura n .A. CaMOPYKOB; 01 HKAn ­ Ha~anbHI1K 3-ro 01AeJl8 t-ro HKAn H.H. lleoHTbe8, ero 3aMeCTl-1Tenb 111. Maw­ KeBI1Y , rnaBHblv. KOHCTpyKTop B.n, ~lleH­ KO 14 cnauaanacra UAfll1: noooeccopu M.B. KenAblw lol A.to. POMawescKl1lii, a raaxe CTapwl1A I1H)l(eHep H. C1on6oBOv..

KOM\I\COI1~ npennacuaanocs HeMeA­ JleHHO npl1CTynl1Tb K patote 14 AaTb 060­ CHOBaHHble BblBOAbl He noaasee 10 1-11OnR, 6 cnvsae Heo6xOAI1MOCT\I\ \IlcnOJlb306aa AnR aroro nlO6blx cneuaanvcroa 11 naco­ paropua UArlil. B OBOIO oxepeas A\I\peKTOp 3860Aa N281 n .M. CaMCOHOB 11 rnaBHbllii KOHCTpyKTOp B.n. ~l..\eHKO AO}l)l(Hbl 6blJ111 npeAOCTaBI1Tb B pacnopsxeuae KOMI-1CCl1l-1 ace Heo6xo,QI-1Mble pacseru, MaTepl-lanbl, 06P8311bl 1-1 ~aCTI1 caMoneTa \01 no ee Tpe­ 60eaHI11O sHe O'lepeA\I\ npOSOAl-ITb pa60Tbi KaK paCyeTHOrO 11 I-1cnblTaTenbHoro, TaK 11 npol-l3eO,QCTBeHHoro xapaKTepa , Ha OCHOBaHl111 aHanl-13a Bcex npeA­ CTaell eHHblX MaTep14anOB KOMIilCCl-Il1 YAa­ nOCb yCTaHoBI11b Bce 06CTORTenbCTsa aBapl1l1. npl1 AOCTI4)l(eH14H Ha nl1Kl-IpOBaHl-Il1

rv

37

nOAbeM pa3pyweHHoH Cl1nOSOH YCT3HOSKI11l nepeAHeH 'laCTM $103el111ll<a caMoneTa Anll TpaHcnopTMpOSKM CMeCTa aSapll11

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saropa vnepcs 8 rooaaoaransuvo xecr­ KOCTb QJ103emDKa , pynb 8blCOTbi octanes HeynpaBllSleMblM. \11 MaWl1H8 nepewna H8 K86pl1pOBaHl1e. 113-3a 803Hl1KWVlX Harpy­ SOK onepexae, He I1MelOUlee nepenaero KpenneHI151 , aupsano asepx. npVl 3TOM 6blnl1 paapyurenu Kl1nb 14 aepXHSl51 'laCTb <j>IOSellSl)l(a, 3aTeM OCTa8WeeC>I, HO Cl1llb­ Hoocna61leHHOeBepTI1K8nbHOeOnepeHl1e · copaano Ha6er8101lI11M nOTOKOM. na60paTopHbl(;i aHanl13 p83pyWHB­ WI1XCSl 'l8cTei1 nOK8san , 'iTO MeXaHI1'le­ CKl1e caoi1cTBa MaTep\l1ana nepeAHe­ ro y3na l<penneHI1S1 cTa6l1llHsaropa no cpaaHeHlIl10 C TexycnoBVlSlWI OKa3anHCb 3aHI-I)t(eHbl Ha 10% no KpenOCTI1 Ha pa3· PblB 11 Ha 20-25% no Taep,lJ,OCH1. CKfle'lKa 06Wl1BKI1 ¢lt03eJlS1>K8 co CTpl-lHrep8Ml1 l1 wnaHrOyTaMH 6blJla np0l13BeAeHa HeAO­ 6pOKa'leCTaeHHo. no MHeHl110 KOMI1CCI1I1, npl1...VlHoi1 aBa­ P\l1I1 HBl1naCb He.o,OCTaTQ'lH8Sl npO'lHOCTb

38

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xanora MOTopa Ha, 60JlbWO~ CKOpOCH'I, xorna an\1flHl-le C)l(l1MaeMOCTI1 803Ayxa, eUle HeAOCT8TO'lHO I-ICCneAOBaHHoe, CKa­ ausaercs ua yaenl1'leHl-\11 conpo rvane­ H14Sl l1 MeCTHblX uarpvao«. Orpua HI-I>KHe­ ro cervesra xanora 8bl388n YBem1'leHVle Har py3KH ua rooaao-rransaoe onepeaae no cpaaHeHl110 CHopManbHoi1 HarpY3Ko(;i ,lJ,llSl Clly'l8Sl n&-IKl-lpOSaHI1Sl, 'ITO npwseno K nononxe yanos cTa6l-1lll13aTOpa, flI1TOi1 MaTepl1an KOTOpblXOKaSanC51 HeOAHopOA­ HblM \11 l-lMeIOUlHM a yWKax rpe6eHOK pes­ K\I1e SblnaAbl no TaepAOCTI1 .0.025% , PaC'leTbl onepeaas l4 xeocrosoa 'la­ CTIil QJI03enS1)l(a, a TaK)I(e CTaTVlcnblT8HI151, npoaeneaaue KaK a npouecce nocrpoaxa CaMOll€Ta, rax VI no Tpe60BaHl11O KOMl1C­ Cl-ll1 nOK8Sanl1, 'ITO HOPM~lpOBaHHbI€ Ha­ rpY3Kl1 yKaaaHHbl8 '18CTI1 BbIAep)l(118atOT, a t1X paspyweHHe 06bSlCH51eTCS1 VlM8ewe(;i MeCTO n08blweHHoi1 HarpY3Koi1.

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39

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HeM 6010 . HeCKonbKO 60eB aasepuranocs oeapeavnsrarao: li1cTpe6li1Tenli1 He CMOrnli1 3aH51Tb nonoxeuae, He06xo.Qli1MOe ,Qn51 ra­ pa-rrapoaaauoro YHli14TO>KeHli151l..\enli1 . npli1 cornacoaaaan cueuapua Y4eHli1i:i «P3,Q <Pn3P>npe,QMeTOM OCTpblX ,Qli1CKYCCli1i:i crann pe>Kli1Mbl patioru YCTaHOBneHHblX Ha Cy-30MKW PIlC -Bapc -. AMepli1KaHCKa51 CTopOHa B Ha,Qe>K.Qe nonY4li1Tb KaK MO>KHO oonaue li1H¢OpMal..\li1li1 0 caMOM COBpeMeH­ HOM npuuene POCCli1i:iCKOi:i KOHCTpyKl..\li1li1 , aacranaana Ha li1 CnOnb30BaHli1li1 60eBbiX pe>Kli1MOB, O,QHaKO li1H,QYCbl kareropavecsa

orxasanacs pacepuaars see napaverpu paooru PIlC Cy-30MKW. Bnp04eM, corna­ cne li1H,QYCOB Ha paoory PIlC aaxe B rpeua­ POB04HOM pe>Kli1Me y>t<e 51Bn51nOCb nporpec­ COM, nOCKonbKY BO BpeM51 Y4eHli1i:i 2007 r. B Benli1K06pli1TaHli1li1 PIlC li1cTpe6li1Tenei:i Cy­ 30MKW Bo06Ll.\e He BKJlI04anli1Cb! TaK>Ke KOMaH,QOBaHli1eM BBC WH,Qli1li1 6blno aanpeuie-o ncnonsaosaaae Ha Y"IeHli1­ 51X B CWA aKTli1BHbIX li1 naCCli1BHbIX cpencrs nOCTaHOBKli1 nove x, XOT51 ,QaHHbli:i sanper cepseauo ycnO>KHli1n >Kli13Hb neT4li1KaM. 6opToBoi:i KOMnneKC 060POHbi Cy-30MKW, nOMli1MO nOCTaHOBKli1 noue x, cnocooeu «acxpuears- Cli1CTeMY nBO. "ITO ,Qn51 nooe­ ,Qbl Ha Y"IeHli151X"P3,Q oner - li1MeeT 60nbwoe 3Ha4eHli1e. Euie O,QHli1M li1H,Qli1i:iCKli1M orpaua­

yeHlI1eM cran OTKa3 OT lI1MlI1Tal..\lI1l11 60eBClI1C­ nOnb30BaHlI1eM YP p-n, auanorora avepu­ KaHCKOiil YPAIM-120 AMRAAM .

B xone yyeHlI1iil «P3A <Pn3r » He­ CKOnbKO Cy-30MKV1 6blnO vcnosao c6111­ TO, HO Cy-30MKV1 TOrAa BblnOnH51nll1 , rnaBHblM 06pa30M, 3aAaYlI1 no YHI1YTO­ )f(eHlI1lO Ha3eMHbiX uenea. TeM He Me­ Hee, «CYWKlI1 » B XOAe yyeHlI1iil npll1H51nll1 yyaCTlI1e B HeCKOnbKI1X rpvrmosux B03­ AYWHbl X 6051x . B OAHOM 1I13 TaKlI1X 60eB, -ronvoue», B COCTaB KOTOpblX BXOAlI1nll1 lI1HAlI1iilcKlI1e Cy-30MKV1, vcnoauo c6111nll1

21 cawoner «xpacaux» (60nbWlI1HCTBO n06eA oAep)f(anll1l11HAlI1iilcKlI1e neTYlI1KlI1).

CneKymll..\lI1iil Ha TeMy peavnsraroa yyeHlI1iil «P3A <Pn3r» B CMV1 1I1 lI1HTep­ aere MO)f(HO HaiilTlI1 60nee yeM AOCTa­ TOYHO, B TO BpeM51 KaK oQ:>lI1l..\lI1anbHa51 I1HQ:>opMal..\l151 npaKTlI1yeCKlI1 CBeAeHa K HynlO. AMepll1KaHl..\bl, YTO eCTeCTBeH­ HO, nocrapanncs nonYYlI1Tb MaKclI1MyM lI1HQ:>opMal..\lI1l11 0 Cy-30MKlil . Ilpencra­ aur ens BBC CWA nOnKOBHlI1K TepeHC <POpHOQ:> 06HapOAOBan cnenyiouu-e Bbl­ BOAbl , nonvseuuue no pesvnsrarav Ha­

6nlOAeHlI1iil aa lI1HAlI1iilCKlI1MlI1 neTYlI1KaMlI1 1I1 lI1X MaTyaCTblO:

• BBC I1HjJ,MM ncnurueeot np06neMbf C jJ,BwaTenflMM POCCMMCKOro npOM3­ BOjJ,CTBa • I1HjJ,MMCKMe neT'IMKM CKnOHHbl K «6pa­ TOy6MMCTBy» - ycnoBHo C6MT «jJ,py)Ke­ CTBeHHbIM» cevonet • F-15 cnocotieu c6MBaTb Cy-30MKI1 • B 6nM)KHeM 6010 BBC I1HjJ,MM cepbe3­ HOM vroosu jJ,nfl BBC CiliA He npeu­ CTaBnflIOT.

Cy-30MK Ha aBHa6a3e ~CTP B xone COBMeCTHblX HHAO-<!>paHI.IY3CKliIX Y'leHHSlX «rapYAa II», 2005 r.

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Cy-30MK~ H MHr-27

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BCOBMeCTHOM nonere Clj)paHl.lY3CKHMH .palj)anHMHll HaA rapparopaea ~HAHH. Y'IeHHH .rapYAall, 2014 r.

\I1HAlJ1i1 cKaSl cropos a C BbIBOAaMlJ1, 03BYlIeHHbIMlJ1 nOnKOBHlJ1KOM BBC CWA KaTerOplJ1l1e CKlJ1 He cornacnnacs. Funo­ TeTlJ1l1eCKlJ1e npofinewu C ABlJ1raTenSlMlJ1 6blnlJ1 npOKOMMeHTlJ1pOBaHbl cneAYIOLl.\lJ1M 06pa30M: 60nee lIeM 90 % 60eroToB­ HOCTb Cy-30MK\I1 aa YlleHlJ1SlX rOB OplJ1T cava aa ceti s. \11 3TO npa TOM, -rro ne­ pen YlleHlJ1SlM\I1 cav oner u ofinerenn no­ nOBlJ1HY 3eMHoro wapa! B xone YlleHlJ1i1 Cy-30MK\I1 aanerann 850 lI, -rro 3KBlJ1Ba­ neHTHO axc nnvaraua« WeCTlJ1 lJ1 cTpe6lJ1­ renen ar oro T\I1na AOMa, B \I1HAlJ1lJ1 , B re­ lIeHlJ1e serupex MecSlu.eB .

"YHlJ1l1 TO>KeHlJ1e» csoero lJ1cTpe6lJ1TenSl Aeiil­ CTBlJ1TenbHO lJ1MenO MeCTO 6blTb , HO OHO SlBnSleTCSl cneACTBlJ1eM sanpera Ha wcnons­

30BaHlJ1e 60PTOBbiX lJ1H<popMau.lJ10HHbIX ClJ1­ CTeM Cy-30MK\I1 B nonso« 06beMe lJ1 Ha 60eBbiX pe>KlJ1Max. B peaynsrare 06MeH lJ1H<popMal..\lJ1ei1 \I1HA\I1i1cKlJ1e neTlI\I1KlJ1 Ben\l1 lJ1C KnlOlIlJ1TenbHO ronocov , no paAlJ10. Ha­ KOHel..\ caMbliillJ1HTPlJ1rylOLl.\lJ1ii1 KOMMeHTap\l1 i1 lJ1HAYCOB «acaercs aMeplJ1KaHcKoiil Ol..\eHK\I1 npOT\I1BOCTOSlHlJ151 Cy-30 lJ1 F-15: - MblApanl1Cb C "P3nTOpaMW' - nmKOHbl. C6l1Banl1 I1X BnepBOM etsxe, a nOTOM Ha'll1­ Hanl1 no HOBOM. TaK Ka)/(,ljblM pe« F-15Bo06­ l1.le HI1'1ero CAenaTb He CMO)/(eT. ... Ytnoee« CKOpOCTb BbInOnHeHI1f1 Bl1pa)/(a "P3nTOpOM" COCTaBnfleT 28 roen/c, Aflfl Cy-30MK/l/3TOT noxessren» no« I1Gnonb30BaHl1l1 OTKflOHfI­ euoto BeKTOpa Tflrl1 3Ha'lI1TenbHO eutue 35 rpap,. 6YAY'l11 neT'II1KOM F- 15, cPOPHOep

3HaeT HaCKonbKO taxeno Ha 3TOM ceuonete noetu» C F-22. Ecn« Cy-30MK/I/ nOTeHl..jI1­ enu«: 6beT "P3nTOP" KaK HO)/( oexer Macno, TO 'ITO OH cueneer C F- 15? \I1HTplJ1ra ceiil u.lJ1TaTbJ 3aKnlOlIaeTC51 B TOM, -rro -Panropu- Brex YlleH\I151X YllaCTlJ1Sl He np\l1HlJ1ManlJ1 Bo06Ll.\e. no Heo<plJ1I..\lJ1­ anbHblM AaHHbIM , aMeplJ1 KaHl..\bl He XOTenlJ1 "CBeTlJ1Tb» CBOi1 HOBeiilwlJ1i1 ncrperiarene, KaK nepen lJ1HAycaMlJ1, TaK lJ1 nepen <ppaH­ u.y3aMlJ1 , xcr opu e snepaue BbICTaBlJ1n\l1 Ha " P3A <1>n3r» CBO\l1 - Pao ann- . TeM He MeHee, lJ1CKnlOlIaTb 60lJ1 F-22 CCy-30MK\I1 TO>Ke Henb351 . TaK, npo 60iil F-22 npOT\I18 «Pao ans» B 2009 r. aMep\l1KaHu.bl TO >Ke nonro MOnllanlJ1, HO xorna B 201 3 r. <ppaH­ I..\Y3bl noxaaann pOnlJ1K C " P3nT0POM» B

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52

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Cy-30MKH B COBMeCTHOM nonere C HCTpe6HTenSlMH BBC BenHKo6pHTaHHH «TOPHClAO»H «Taiii4>YH»

npuuene «Pao ans», 6blllVl Sbl HylKlJ,eH bl scrvnars S nOlleMVlKY Ha TeMy KTO KOrO Vl KaKYCIlOSHOc6VlSall.

B yyeHVl51X «P31J, cPIl3r 2008" npVlHVlMa­ IlVl yyaCTVle Vl eppaHLJ,y3bl. Vl3HayallbHO BBC cPpaHLJ,VlVl nnaaaposana uanpaaan, SCWA VlcTpe6VlTellVl «Mapax- 2000-5, HO nocne nOllyyeHVl51 VlHepopMaLJ,VlVl 06 yyaCTVlVl S yyeHVl51X Cy-30MKVl, 3aMeHVlllVl "MVlpalKVl» Ha «Pao ana». Boproaoe 060pYlJ,OSaHVle -Paoans- n03S01l511l0 aecrn caMylO HacTO­ 51UJ,ylO p3lJ,VlOTeXHVlyecKYlO paaaensy, mas­ HblM 06beKToM KOTOPO~ cran Cy-30MKVl: «90% speMeHVl OHVl (eppaHLJ,Y3bl) cnenosa­ IlVl aa VlHIJ,Vl~LJ,aMV1» .

BTOPO~ paa yyaCTVle S yyeHVl51X «P31J, cP1l3P> Cy-30MKVl npVlH51IlVl secHo~ 2016 r.

B 3TOT pas yyeHVl51 npOXOIJ,VlIlVl Ha AIl51C­ ke, Ha aauatiaae 3~eJlbCOH, S nepV101J, C 28 anpens no 13 Ma51 2016 r. (no,q­ potinee 06 Y'IeHUf/X "P3,q cPn3r Anf/C­ Ka-2016" CM. "AuK" Nfl 8.2016 r.)

KOMaHIJ,OsaHV1e BBC 1I1HIJ,V1V1 HaMepe­ sanocs npoaepars S MaKCV1MallbHO 61lV13­ KO~ K peallbHo~ oocranoexe S03MOlKHOCTV1 csoea aSV1aLJ,V1V1 no nOlJ,aSlleHV11O cospe­ MeHHo~ nBO. KOHKpeTHo - KV1Ta~cKO~ nBO C 3PK C-300 V1 C-400. Ha AIl51CKY oTnpaSV1IlV1 -ierupe Cy-30MKVl (SB401, SB402, SB403, SB407), serupe " ~ rya p a » , nsa caMOMTa-3anpaSUJ,V1Ka VlIl-78 V1 naa aoeuno-rpaucnopruux C-17. nOlJ,rOTOSKa K yyeHV151M ua-ranacs S cepenase MapTa Ha aSV1a6a3e ,lJ,lKaMHarap, rne 6blllV1 CO­

6paHbi sce cavoneru Vl IlVlYHbl~ COCTas, uanpaenseuue SCWA. nepelleT -a M51C­ Ky SbrnOIlH51IlC51 no IJ,1lV1HHOMy MapwpyTy - yepe3 CpeIJ,HV1~ BOCTOK, opa« LJ,V1 10, AT­ llaHTV1KY V1 KaHaIJ,Y. Vl3HayallbHO nnaanpo­ aanocs nerers sepes KV1Ta~ V1 POCCV1IO, HO OT nauuoro, 60llee KOpOTKOro, Mapwpyra OTKa3allV1Cb «no co06palKeHV151M cexper­ HOCTV1». BV1IJ,V1MO, He XOTellV1 «ceerwrs- Cy­ 30MKVl SKV1Tae. B Espone V1HIJ,V1~CKV1e Cy-30 nepsbl~ pas n051SV1IlV1Cb S 2005 r. C 15 no 30 V1IOH51 2005 r. Ha aSV1a6a3e VlCTp npOSOIJ,V1IlV1Cb COSMeCTHble eppaHKO-V1HIJ,Vl~CKV1e yyeHV151 «Garuda II». Or BBC VlHIJ,V1Vl SHV1X npV1H51IlV1 yyaCTV1e Cy-30MK 24·~ 3CK3IJ,PV1llbVl nepe­ xsar napoa Cy-30MK ylJ,apHO~ rpvnnu V13 IJ,syx HocV1Telle~ snepuoro OpylKV151 "MV1­ pax » 2000N, KOTOpblX npaxpusana napa V1cTpe6V1Telle~ «MV1 palK» 2000C, V1 rpyn­ noaon 60~ nsvx Cy-30MK V1 IJ,syx «MV1 pa­ lKe~" 2000-5 npOTV1S -erupex «MV1palKe~» 2000 V1 nsvx Cy-30MK, npakpsreaaunax napy "TyKaHo» (YTC «TyKaHo V1MV1TV1posallV1 rpaucnopraue cavoneru). B XOlJ,e yYeHV1~ 6blll0 SbrnOIlHeHO nOp51IJ,Ka 150 cavonero­ suneroa. V1HIJ,V1~CKV1e lleTYVlKV1 cneranu Ha «Mnpax ax» , eppaHLJ,Y3cKV1e - Ha Cy-30MK. YyeHV151 «Garuca III" npOSOIJ,V1IlV1Cb S 2007 r. SVlHIJ,V1V1 Ha aSV1a6a3e Kalla~KYHlJ,a .

YyeHV151 «Garuda IV" caosa npOXOIJ,V1­ 1lV1 so cPpaHLJ,V1V1 - Ha aSV1a6a3e 1I1cTp C 14 no 25 V1IOH51 2010 r. nOMVlMO BBC VlHIJ,V1V1 V1 cPpaHLJ,VlV1 S HV1X npV1H51IlVl yyaCTV1e BBC

Cnaranvpa . BBC VlHIJ,VlVl npelJ,CTaSIl51IlVl urecrs Cy-30MKVl (s TOM YVlClle SB058, SB060, SB303, SB305) Vl3 8-~ 3CKalJ,pVl­ IlbVl Vl nsa 3anpaSUJ,V1Ka 1I11l-78MKVl, a rasxe cavoner 06eCneyeHVl51 VlIl-76M,lJ,.

Or BBC cPpaHLJ,V1V1 S yyeHV151X npV1HV1MallV1 y-racrae V1cTpe6V1TellV1 " MV1 palK " 2000-5 , -Paoans-, cavoner ,lJ,pnOV1Y E-3, aa­ npasUJ,V1KV1 KC-135R, OT BBC Cuuranvpa - F-16D 61l0K 52.

Coaaecruue V1HIJ,0-6pV1TaHcKV1e yyeHV151 nOIlYYV1IlV1 HaV1MeHosaHV1e «lndra Dhanush» (panyra, SCTpeyaeTC51 CIlV1THoe sanaca­ HV1e - Indradhanush). Ilepsble TaKV1e yYe­ HV151 npOWIlV1 S oKT516pe 2006 r. S VlHIJ,VlV1 Ha aSV1a6a3e Fsanaop. YyeHV151 6blllV1 KOM­ nlleKCHbIMV1 : OT BBC VlHIJ,VlV1 S HV1X npV1HV1­ MallV1 yyaCTVle cauoneru MV1f-21, MV1f-27, Cy-30MKVl (3-51 3CKalJ,pV1llb51) V1 " MV1 palK 2000 » (no xerupe elJ,V1HV1LJ,bl KalKlJ,OrO TV1na) . BBC BellV1K06pV1TaHV1Vl npencras­ 1l511lV1 OIJ,V1H cavoner ,lJ,pnOV1Y «CeHTpV1 " AEW.1 Vl urecrs «TopHaIJ,O" F.3 V13 43-~ 3CK3IJ,PV1llbV1; nepener «TOPH3IJ,0» S VlHIJ,V11O ooecnesaaan caMOlleT-3anpaSUJ,V1K VC.10.

Pesynsrar S03)J,yWHbIX ooes 6blll OYeSV1IJ,­ HblM Vl3HayallbHO, nOCKOllbKY aKLJ,eHT IJ,e­ nancs Ha MaHespeHHble 60V1 , B KOTOpblX «Topuano» anpV10pV1 He conepuax» Cy-30.

«Ta~Mc oep VlHIJ,V151 " nacana: - J7eT'Il1KI1 BBC /I1H/1,1111 H8 I1CTpe611­ rennx Cyxol1-30MK/I1 6e3 TPY/1,8 npee­ 30Wfll1 CBOI1X npOTI1BHI1KOB. ttocne «KPO­ BonyCK8Hl1fI", vctooennoto F-15 11 F-16,

53

OHI1 reneo» nopeen» B 'mCroM ronytio» neti e 6pl1TaHCKl1e II TOpHa/1,O " . ... HI1 BBC /I1H/1, 11 11 , HI1 BBC Benl1K06pl1TaHl1l1 He CTaBl1nl1 3a/1,a'lY yCTp OI1Tb COnepHI1­ Ky llnOKa3aTenbHYlO nop sv» Ha Y'leHl1fiX «itui re Dbenust», O/1,HaKO neon» C I1 C­ Tpe6l1Tenei1 ecera e OCTalO TCfi napHfiMI1 C I1cTpe6l1Tenei1 11 creoeo tcs oueoxe t» n06e/1,y B Ka>K/J,OM ycnoenot« 6010.

Il eT'HilKV1 llToPHa,D,O» nony'HilnV1 B03MO>K­ HOCTb cnerars B3a,D,Hei:1 Ka6V1He Cy-30MKlt1 .

Ha «MKV1» cneran V1 saue-vapuan aBV1 au,V1 V1 Kpacr odiep H. Xapnep, KOTOPbli:1 OTMeTV1n cnenvouiee: -Bce HaWI1 nepn« nocne no­ nets Ha Cy-30MK/I1 eunesen» 113 Ka6l1Hbl C /1,ypaUKI1MI1 ynbl6KaMl1 Ha nl1uax".

YyeHV151 - lndra Dhanush II» npOXOAV1­ nV1 B BenV1K06pV1TaHV1V1 neTOM 2007 r. - Ha aBV1a 6a3YYaAAV1H rToH nepenerenn uiecrs Cy-30MKlt1 (xer upe P O C C V1 i:1C K O ~ C60PKV1 SB041, SB042, SB043, SB044 V1 ABa V1H ­ AV1~ C KO~ SB103, SB107) V1 3 30-~ 3CKa­ APV1nbV1 . BV1 3V1T cav oner os BBC lt1HAV1V1 6bln OT BeTHbIM, V1 6blno 6bl nOrV1YHbIM , YT06bl panvun - ue X0351eBa V13 43 - ~ 3CKa­ APV1nbV1 6 pV1 TaHCK V1X BBC npV1HV1 ManV1 rOCT e ~ y ce651 AOMa, Ha aBV1a6a3e IlblO­ -iepc. OAH aKO V1 MeHHO TeM neTOM Bflfl 3T O~ 6a3bl nOCTaBV1nV1 ua peMOHT. IlblO­ -iepc 3aMeHV1 nV1 YaAAV1HrTOHOM . BpOAe 6bl naxe nyywe! TaK KaK nonoc a B YaA­ AV1HrTOHe AnV1HHe e, yeM B IlblOyepCe, HO TyT 6bln He KV1~ rn y6 V1 H H b l ~ CMblcn. B YaAAV1HrTOH e AV1Cn Ou,V1pOB aH LJ,eHTp 60e­ soro npV1MeHeHV151 BBC BenV1 K06pV1TaHV1V1 , OAHO~ V13 aanas no npeAHa3HayeHV11O KO­ roporo 5lBn51 eTC51 coop V1 aHanV13 V1HepOP­ Mau, V1V1 06 V1H o cT paHH o~ 60eBo~ TeX HV1 Ke . nOMV1 MO LJ,eHTpa 60eBoro npV1 MeH eHV151 B YaAAV1HrTOHe paave utanncs V1 nonpasne­ neHV151 pa3BeAKV1 6pV1TaHcKV1 x BBC. lt1Haye

54

rOBop51 , aHrnV1 yaHe nocrapanacs MaKCV1­ ManbHO 06nerYV1Tb ce6e paoorv no coopv V1HepopMau,V1V1 0 HO Be~wV1 X V1cTpe6V1Ten51X POCCV1~CKO~KOH CTPYKU,V1V1 .

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