Capstone Booklet by Hend Abdelrazek

Capstone Project

Coral Research Center AN APPROACH TO ENHANCE THE BIO-SOCIAL RELATION

Hend Abdelrazek

COLOPHON December 2015 Hend Abdelrazek, 1110011 hoabdelrazek@gmail.com Dar El-Hekma University Bachelor of Architecture.

First mentor: Dr. Ibrahim Abdelhady Second mentor: Ms. Lubna Yasin

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Capstone Project

Coral Research Center AN APPROACH TO ENHANCE THE BIO-SOCIAL RELATION

Hend Abdelrazek

Acknowledgment

I would like to express my appreciation to my mentors who guided my research. I want to thank them for the amount of time they spent on the reviews of my ideas, which helped me advancing my project. Their help and inspiration was very beneficial.

In addition, I want to thank my family, friends and fellow classmates who supported me throughout the semester and provided me with a lot of moral support during my breakdowns.

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INDEX Index Abstract

1.

Introduction 9 Topic and background search 10 Goals and vision 11

2.

Theoretical background 12 Maritime 12

Architecture 14

3.

Concept 17 4.

Precedents 19 Marine research center, Bali 20 Reclamation overpass, Jordan 26 KAUST, Saudi Arabia 30

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5.

Site analysis 37 6.

Program 47 7.

Conceptual approach 55 8.

Conclusions 62 9.

References 65

List of figures Bibliography Appendix

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ABSTRACT

Jeddah is expanding at a very fast rate in the last fifty years mainly on its North-South axis. Unfortunately due to lack of proper care, the development activities were accompanied by environmental degradation. And today, Jeddah is suffering from a critical environmental marine pollution.

Coral reefs spanning thousands of kilometers along the coastline are under the threat of extinction, according to a statement issued by the regional organization for marine ecology protection in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Eden: “Even though the Red Sea is said to enjoy one of the safest environment in the world, it has recently come under severe pressure due to illegal fishing, the depositing of untreated sewage, the shipping of waste including toxic substances and increased shipping activities carrying chemicals and crude oil” (Arabnews, 2012).

What if architecture can solve city’s problems? What if architecture can generate an initiation regarding the marine environmental problem in Jeddah?

An answer to these question is the Coral Research Center that will benefit the city, solve its environmental issues and provide it with a new ecological identity. Inspired from the marine behaviors and the coral structure, housing a myriad of species, the Coral Research Center enhances the productivity of researchers, allows interactions between its different users, rapidly promotes the ideas to the market place and increases the general public awareness.

“The past, like the future, is indefinite and exists only as a spectrum of possibilities” – Stephen Hawking. The CRC presents itself as a great living structure to accommodate all types of collaborations in order to solve the problems of the past and develop cutting edge research of the future.

Despite all the environmental issues Jeddah holds, the CRC allows the city to evolve environmentally, technologically and socially.

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1. INTRODUCTION

A research center is a facility or building dedicated to research, commonly with the focus on a specific area. The choice of this project is based on the quote by Albert Einstein: “The more I learn, the more I realize how much I don’t know.” As the symbol of a Nation’s technological progress, research centers are essential to the discoveries and innovations of yesterday, today and tomorrow.

Marine studies are neglected in Jeddah even though the city has a very rich marine ecological system. Coral covers only about 0.2 percent of the Earth’s surface, yet coral reefs support 25 percent of all marine life with more density of life in reefs than any in other ocean habitat (Epagov, 2015). Therefore human survival depends upon the health of our ecosystem.

Coral reefs are important in many aspects. They protect coastlines from ocean storms and floods. They are environmental indicators of water quality and mediate climate change. They are important sources of new medicines that can be used to treat diseases and other health problems (Epagov, 2015).

The Coral Research Center (CRC) will serve the needs of revolutionary research today, and it will envision the demands of scientific exploration for decades to come. Going through the process of studying the coral, protecting its ecosystem, restoring its habitat and envisioning diverse usages in medicine, the CRC will be the catalyst for marine research and discovery, promoting coral diversity stewardship in Jeddah.

The CRC will also initiate an environmental act responding to the UN 2015 summit by completing goal#14: “Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development”.

(Sustainabledevelopmentunorg, 2015). This goal will be achieved through firstly a sustainable building (LEED certified) and secondly through increasing community awareness of its ecosystem. As a result, Jeddah will merit a new environmental identity: The Coral Haven.

Unfortunately, research centers are mostly perceived as a private institute, with confidential information and security gates.

This perception created a gap between the public and the innovative discoveries. However the CRC will create public awareness about the marine environment by strengthening the private-public, bio-social relation.

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TOPIC AND BACKGROUND SEARCH

Fig.1.1: Importance of research centers (own illustration)

Fig.1.2: Threat to coral reefs (own illustration based on Epagov, 2015)

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GOALS AND VISION

Fig.1.3: Sustainability goals (own illustration based on Sustainabledevelopmentunorg and Persgaorg, 2015)

Fig.1.4: Project vision (own illustration)

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2. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND Many marine animals rely on interaction for survival and depend on unique adaptations that enable them to communicate, protect themselves, locate food, navigate underwater, and understand their environment. Marine species interact in a myriad of ways. One type of interaction is the Symbiotic intelligence, where two different species interact together for their survival. Symbiosis has allowed organisms to expand their limits to adaptation and also to colonize new environments.

Types of symbiosis: 1-Mutualism: (+,+) an interaction where both species benefit. Example: cooperative hunting. Grouper and moray eels communicate together with sign language in order to hunt small preys hiding in the coral reefs.

Fig.2.2: Commensalism (source: https://www.pinterest. com/o0inter4ever0o/mutualism/)

2-Commensalism: (+,0) a relationship that benefits only one of the species involved. Example: As whales travel long distances, barnacles are able to access nutrient enriched water.

Fig.2.1: Mutualism (source: http://www.scubaboard.com/forums/archive/index. php/t-411075.html)

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MARINE Another type of interaction occurs within members of the same specie.

Interaction among the same specie: 4-Intraspecie relation: (+,+) it can be for cooperation, competition, territorial divisions, and organization in the population. Example: dolphins make sounds of two kinds: communicative or navigational.

These interaction between species occurs through sound waves, sign language (body movement) and facial language. (Marinebio, 2015)

Fig.2.3: Mimicry (source: http://marinebio.org/oceans/ symbionts-parasites/)

3-Mimicry: (+,0) is a form of symbiosis where a specie may mimic the color, pattern, or even behavior of another specie. Either to be able to get closer to unsuspecting prey or in the case of a harmless specie, to gain protection by imitating a predator or poisonous specie.

Fig.2.4: Dolphin sound waves (source: http://marinebio. org/oceans/symbionts-parasites/)

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THEORETICAL BACKGROUND The study of marine behavioral science provided the principles of collaboration between different individuals, and therefore inspired the design of a collaborative architecture workplace.

The critical challenge for cutting edge architecture is providing scientific workplaces that promote innovation, knowledge transfer, collaboration and effectiveness.

Translating marine intelligence into architecture spaces:

Symbiotic intelligence

Collaborative architecture principles

Users

Spaces

Location

Benefits

Intraspecific relation

Direct collaboration: among two or more team member

researcherresearcher

Informal offices and lounge

Research area

Enhance research, inventions and discoveries

Mutualism

Bilateral collaboration: with customers

researcherinvestor

Conference hall, meeting rooms and offices

Translational science area

Market new ideas, External consultancy, Planning and development

Commensalism

External collaboration: with outside community

researcherstudents

Workshops and classrooms

Educational area

Transfer knowledge to students

Mimicry

Pooled collaboration: melting pot of ideas

all users

-Library -Outdoor open space

Peak and hub of the site

benefit from the available resources and events to raise awareness

Fig.2.5: Translating marine intelligence into architecture spaces (own illustration based data of Hok, 2015)

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ARCHITECTURE Productivity: To develop the most effective manifestation of the scientific workplace, it is important to understand the science of people; how they work individually, how they interact and how they react to the physical environment around them in order to increase their productivity.

Principles for productive workplace: • The office is the new laboratory: the research department will blur the lines between laboratories and offices.

• Video conference room and wireless meeting rooms allow research partnerships across the globe.

• Support mobility of researchers when they are not in the laboratory. This is achieved by allowing them to move around in buildings to support different projects and teams. Benefits: improved employees’ effectiveness and speed of decision making, increased collaboration and provided easier access to colleagues.

• Provide diverse spaces to support unpredictable activities: cafeterias, break areas, alcoves, staircases and hallways — places are not traditionally for working.

• Create ‘crossed paths’ to encourage cross talk between different users.

• Provide open space to enhance visual connectivity between members. As they walk towards the shared amenities, they encounter each other. (HOK, 2015)

Additionally, in order to enhance the performance of the researchers, the workplace must consider several issues.

Ten workplace design considerations for better performance: 1.

Thermal Comfort and Temperature 2.

Access to Nature, Views and Daylight 3.

Sensory Change and Variability 4.

Color 5.

Noise Control 6.

Crowding 7.

Human Factors and Ergonomics 8.

Indoor Air Quality 9.

Choice 10. Employee Engagement (HOK, 2015)

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3. CONCEPT

BY IMPLEMENTING THE CONCEPT OF SYMBIOTIC INTELLIGENCE MY INTENTION IS TO DESIGN A PLACE OF MULTIPLE COLONIZATION OPPORTUNITIES WHERE LEARNING AND INNOVATION FLOURISH FROM THE PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT AND SOCIABILITY BETWEEN ITS MULTIPLE USERS. CREATING A

COLLABORATIVE COMMUNITY

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4. PRECEDENTS

The case studies will explore the theme of marine research center, its program, the distribution of the facilities, the views, the natural lighting and lastly the implementation of the principle of collaborative architecture.

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MARINE RESEARCH CENTER, BALI Location: Bali, Indonesia (150m off-shore) Architect: Design firm Solus4 Status: proposal Area: 2,500 square meter Specialization: tsunami research and preparation

Concept In response to the devastation caused by the 2004 Indian ocean earthquake and tsunami, a competition was held for idealizing a marine research center.

The idea was to create an instant connection with people as they relate to the structure’s purpose and it’s natural surroundings so they developed an organically shaped, eco-friendly building that reflected the elevation of a tsunami wave.

Fenestration Large windows provide views of the surrounding ocean environment, while underwater viewing rooms offer visitors views of the aquatic life.

Fig.4.1: Bali marine research center (source: www.home-designing.com/2010/11/concept-architecture-marine-research-center-in-bali) 20 l CAPSTONE RESEARCH Hend Abdelrazek

PLANS

Fig.4.2: Below water plans zoning (own illustration based data of Interior Design Ideas, 2015)

Fig.4.3: Below water plans circulation (own illustration based data of Interior Design Ideas, 2015)

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PLANS

Fig.4.4: Plans zoning (own illustration based data of Interior Design Ideas, 2015)

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Fig.4.5: Plans circulation (own illustration based data of Interior Design Ideas, 2015)

PLANS

Fig.4.6: Plans zoning (own illustration based data of Interior Design Ideas, 2015)

Fig.4.7: Plans circulation (own illustration based data of Interior Design Ideas, 2015)

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SECTION ANALYSIS Water level

Fig.4.8: Section water level (own illustration based data of Interior Design Ideas, 2015)

Program

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Fig.4.9: Section zoning (own illustration based data of Interior Design Ideas, 2015)

SECTION ANALYSIS Natural lighting

Fig.4.10: Section natural lighting (own illustration based data of Interior Design Ideas, 2015)

Sustainable technologies

Fig.4.11: Section sustainable technologies (own illustration based data of Interior Design Ideas, 2015)

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RECLAMATION OVERPASS, JORDAN Location: Aqaba, Jordan Architect: Aseel Bseiso ,Farah Shaker ,Layal Mashal , Nisreen Kilani Status: graduation project Specialization: coral research and education

Concept The Gulf of Aqaba is renowned worldwide as a tourist’s paradise overflowing with wildlife and magnificent coral reefs. Many environmental problems and irresponsible behaviors caused by lack of awareness and ignorance are leading the marine life to an ugly future.

Concept Reclamation: the conversion of wasteland and make it suitable for habitation.

Fig.4.12: Reclamation overpass Jordan (source: http://www.arch2o.com/reclamation-overpass-aseel-bseiso-farah-shaker-layal-mashal-nisreen-kilani/) 26 l CAPSTONE RESEARCH Hend Abdelrazek

PLANS

Fig.4.13: First floor plan (own illustration based on data of arch2o, 2015)

Fig.4.14: Ground floor plan (own illustration based on data of arch2o, 2015)

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PLANS

Fig.4.15: Basement floor plan (own illustration based on data of arch2o, 2015)

Basement plan 2

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Fig.4.16: Basement2 floor plan (own illustration based on data of arch2o, 2015)

SECTIONS ANALYSIS Views

Fig.4.17: Sections views (own illustration based on data of arch2o, 2015)

Natural lighting

Fig.4.18: Sections natural lighting (own illustration based on data of arch2o, 2015)

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KAUST, SAUDI ARABIA Location: Thuwal, Saudi Arabia Architect: HOK architects Status: built in 2009 Campus: 3,600 hectares Specialization: red sea bio diversity.

Fig.4.19: KAUST campus (source:http://www.hoklife.com/tag/kaust/) 30 l CAPSTONE RESEARCH Hend Abdelrazek

PLANS ANALYSIS

Campus zoning

Campus circulation

Fig.4.20: Campus zoning (own illustration)

Fig.4.21: Campus circulation (own illustration)

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RESEARCH CENTER ZONING

Fig.4.22: Research center zoning (own illustration)

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LAB UNIT DESIGN

Fig.4.23: Lab unit zoning (own illustration)

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RESEARCH DEPARTMENT DESIGN

Core labs

Storage corridor

Service corridor

Main storage

Meeting room

Open offices

Shared lounge

Mechanical department

Fig.4.24(a-h): KAUST interior images (own image)

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The case studies gave me an insight to the design of the marine research center with the different functions required, their dimensions, the circulation between facilities and the overall shape of the building. In addition, it informed me about the way to implement the collaborative architecture principles studied earlier in this thesis.

References Arch2O. (2015). Reclamation Overpass | Aseel Bseiso ,Farah Shaker ,Layal Mashal , Nisreen Kilani. Retrieved 28 December 2015, from http://www.arch2o.com/reclamation-overpass-aseel-bseiso-farah-shaker-layal-mashal-nisreen-kilani/ Hok. (2015). The Scientific Workplace of the Future. Retrieved 19 December 2015, from http://www.hok.com/ thought-leadership/the-scientific-workplace-of-the-future/ Interior Design Ideas. (2015). Concept Architecture: Marine Research Center in Bali. Retrieved 28 December 2015, from http://www.home-designing.com/2010/11/concept-architecture-marine-research-center-in-bali

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5. SITE ANALYSIS

I started by selecting several sites, compared them and choose the best suitable one for my project. The essential criteria for the site selection is to be on the sea shore for the aquarium and for facilitating the journey of the researchers-divers.

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LOCATION

Fig.5.1: Benefits of location (own illustration)

Fig.5.2: location (own illustration)

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LAND USE

Fig.5.3: Area Zoning (own illustration)

Fig.5.4: District zoning (own illustration)

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SITE LEVELS & REGULATIONS

Fig.5.5: Regulations (own illustration based on data from Jeddah Municipatity, 2015)

Fig.5.6: Site levels (own illustration based on data from Elevation finder, 2015)

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CONTEXTUAL STYLE Context and Material style

Fig.5.7: Context style

Chosen style to be implemented

Dubai Land, UAE

Masdar city, UAE

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SITE ANALYSIS

Fig.5.8: Site analysis (own illustration)

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ACOUSTICS

Fig.5.9: Acoustics analysis (own illustration)

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VIEWS AND VISIBILITY

Fig.5.10: Views (own illustration)

Fig.5.11: Visibility (own illustration)

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References Freemaptools. (2015). Elevation Finder. Retrieved 28 December 2015, from https://www.freemaptools.com/elevation-finder.htm Jeddah.gov.sa. (2015). Jeddah Municipality. Retrieved 28 December 2015, from https://www.jeddah.gov.sa/English/

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6. PROGRAM

In this chapter, I proposed a program based on the analysis of the case studies and the investigation of the site’s qualities and needs. Additionally, I extracted the exact dimensions and ratios of the facilities form the whole building design guide, research facilities section.

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ZONING - PLANS

Fig.6.1: Plans zoning (own illustration)

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ZONING - 3D

Fig.6.2: 3D zoning (own illustration)

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BASEMENT FLOOR PROGRAM

Fig.6.3: Basement floor program (own illustration)

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GROUND FLOOR PROGRAM

Fig.6.4: Ground floor program (own illustration)

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FIRST FLOOR PROGRAM

Fig.6.5: First floor program (own illustration)

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In the closure of this chapter, the above analysis helped me in defining the main areas of my project, their proximity and the spatial distribution of the masses.

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7. CONCEPTUAL APPROACH

The generation of the concept based on theoretical background, the site investigation, the inspiration form the case studies, and the extraction of the program helped in defining a vision for the concept implementation. This chapter summarizes the entire thesis and place it in execution.

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RESPONSE TO SITE

Fig.7.1: Conceptual response to site (own illustration)

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CONCEPTUAL APPROACH

Fig.7.2: Conceptual diagrams (own illustration)

Fig.7.3: Conceptual masses (own illustration)

Form concept: From these symbiotic interactions the building emerges as the non-linear product of four masses. Each department can function independently yet is part of the same overall structure, interconnected physically through the sloped garden and visually through the central aquarium. The layout of the masses enhance the relationship between the city and the sea.

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CONCEPTUAL SPACES

External – Visualization workshops

Direct - Lounge

Bilateral – Translational science

Fig.7.4(a-d): Conceptual spaces (source: own image and http://www.hok. com/thought-leadership/the-scientific-workplace-of-the-future/)

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CONCEPTUAL SPACES

Fig.7.5: Conceptual spaces (own illustration)

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Scientific innovations are often the product of teamwork than individual genius. The CRC will bring all types of people together in environments that make it easy for them to see each other, share ideas and celebrate their accomplishments.

References Hok. (2015). The Scientific Workplace of the Future. Retrieved 19 December 2015, from http://www.hok.com/ thought-leadership/the-scientific-workplace-of-the-future/ Coral RC l 61

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8. CONCLUSIONS Conclusion: Jeddah is only known architecturally by its historical district Al-Balad.

But what if architecture can create a new identity for this emerging city? Architecture has a great role in the formation of nation’s identity.

Therefore inspired from the marine symbiotic interactions occurring in the coral reefs, the CRC presents itself as a great living structure to accommodate all types of collaborations in order to solve and increase awareness about the marine environmental issues.

The CRC will bring users, science and innovations in a symbiotic collaborative and interactive space.

Recommendations: As already described, this thesis focuses mostly on the creation of a collaborative work environment mixed with several public facilities.

Because of this, noise insulating materials should be studied thoroughly to be implemented later in the project.

Additionally being erected on the sea shore, heavy underwater structure must be studied for stability and durability.

Secondly, being a project implemented to study environmental issues and raise community awareness, it is a necessity to be sustainable, therefore the project will aim at achieving the LEED requirement for a green building.

Lastly, this project is quite specific with its location in northern Jeddah, Obhur. This area is becoming nowadays the popular center of the city.

Therefore it is important to study how the project will affect the area in a larger urban scale.

Fig.8.1: Summary diagram (own illustration)

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REFERENCES

Arabnews. (2012). Red sea coral reefs face extinction. Retrieved 28 December 2015, from http://www.arabnews.com/red-sea-coral-reefs-face-extinction

Arch2O. (2015). Reclamation Overpass | Aseel Bseiso ,Farah Shaker ,Layal Mashal , Nisreen Kilani. Retrieved 28 December 2015, from http://www.arch2o.com/reclamation-overpass-aseel-bseiso-farah-shaker-layal-mashal-nisreen-kilani/

Epagov. (2015). Water Resources. Retrieved 29 October, 2015, from http://water.epa.gov/ type/oceb/habitat/factsheet.cfm

Freemaptools. (2015). Elevation Finder. Retrieved 28 December 2015, from https://www. freemaptools.com/elevation-finder.htm

Hok. (2015). The Scientific Workplace of the Future. Retrieved 19 December 2015, from http://www.hok.com/thought-leadership/the-scientific-workplace-of-the-future/

Interior Design Ideas. (2015). Concept Architecture: Marine Research Center in Bali. Retrieved 28 December 2015, from http://www.home-designing.com/2010/11/concept-architecture-marine-research-center-in-bali

Jeddah.gov.sa. (2015). Jeddah Municipality. Retrieved 28 December 2015, from https:// www.jeddah.gov.sa/English/

Marinebio. (2015). Symbionts, Parasites, Hosts, and Cooperation. Retrieved 20 December 2015, from http://marinebio.org/oceans/symbionts-parasites/

Persgaorg. (2015). Persgaorg. Retrieved 7 November, 2015, from http://www.persga.org/ inner.php?id=1

Saleh Faraj Magram , 2009. A Review on the Environmental Issues in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia with Special Focus on Water Pollution. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2: 120132.

Sustainabledevelopmentunorg. (2015). Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Retrieved 5 November, 2015, from https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

AIA, E. (2010). EASA Architecture: Mies van der Rohe as a Design Inspiration.Easaarchitecture. blogspot.com. Retrieved 28 December 2015, from http://easaarchitecture.blogspot.com/2009/08/ mies-van-der-rohe-as-design-inspiration.html

Ctb.ku.edu,. (2015). Chapter 26. Changing the Physical and Social Environment | Section 8.

Creating Good Places for Interaction | Main Section | Community Tool Box. Retrieved 28 December 2015, from http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/implement/phsyical-social-environment/ places-for-interaction/main

Nature World News,. (2013). Fish Use ‘Sign Language’ For Collaborative Hunting, According to Study. Retrieved 28 December 2015, from http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/1645/20130429/fish-use-sign-language-collaborative-hunting-according-study.htm

Patel, A., Bernstein, L., Deka, A., Feigelson, H., Campbell, P., & Gapstur, S. et al. (2010). Leisure Time Spent Sitting in Relation to Total Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of US Adults. American Journal Of Epidemiology, 172(4), 419-429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwq155

PERSGA (1982). The action plan for the conservation of the marine environment and coastal areas in the red sea and gulf of Aden. Retrieved 20 December 2015, from http :/ / w w w. persga.org/inner.php?id=1

Phys.org,. (2015). Fish feat: Reef predator uses sign language to hunt. Retrieved 28 December 2015, from http://phys.org/news/2013-04-fish-feat-reef-predator-language.html

Planning.org,. (2015). Characteristics and Guidelines of Great Public Spaces. Retrieved 28 December 2015, from https://www.planning.org/greatplaces/spaces/characteristics.htm

Sebastian Vehlken. (2014). Computational Swarming: A Cultural Technique for Generative Architecture. Retrieved 20 December 2015

Tech Times,. (2014). Coral trout rivals chimp intelligence in choosing collaborators: Taps moray eel to hunt prey. Retrieved 28 December 2015, from http://www.techtimes.com/articles/15234/20140910/coral-trout-rivals-chimp-intelligence-in-choosing-collaborators-taps-moray-eel-to-hunt-prey.htm

Vail, A., Manica, A., & Bshary, R. (2014). Fish choose appropriately when and with whom to collaborate.Current Biology, 24(17), R791-R793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.07.033

Wbdg. (2015). Private Sector Laboratory | Whole Building Design Guide. Retrieved 20 December 2015, from https://www.wbdg.org/design/private_lab.php

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LIST OF FIGURES Fig 1.1: Importance of research centers (own illustration) Fig 1.2: Threat to coral reefs (own illustration based on Epagov, 2015) Fig 1.3: Sustainability goals (own illustration based on Sustainabledevelopmentunorg and Persgaorg, 2015) Fig 1.4: Project vision (own illustration) Fig.2.1: Mutualism (source: http://www.scubaboard.com/forums/archive/index.php/t-411075. html) Fig.2.2: Commensalism (source: https://www.pinterest.com/o0inter4ever0o/mutualism/) Fig.2.3: Mimicry (source: http://marinebio.org/oceans/symbionts-parasites/) Fig.2.4: Dolphin sound waves (source: http://marinebio.org/oceans/symbionts-parasites/) Fig.2.5: Translating marine intelligence into architecture spaces (own illustration based data of Hok, 2015) Fig.4.1: Bali marine research center (source: www.home-designing.com/2010/11/concept-architecture-marine-research-center-in-bali) Fig.4.2: Below water plans zoning (own illustration based data of Interior Design Ideas, 2015) Fig.4.3: Below water plans circulation (own illustration based data of Interior Design Ideas, 2015) Fig.4.4: Plans zoning (own illustration based data of Interior Design Ideas, 2015) Fig.4.5: Plans circulation (own illustration based data of Interior Design Ideas, 2015) Fig.4.6: Plans zoning (own illustration based data of Interior Design Ideas, 2015) Fig.4.7: Plans circulation (own illustration based data of Interior Design Ideas, 2015) Fig.4.8: Section water level (own illustration based data of Interior Design Ideas, 2015) Fig.4.9: Section zoning (own illustration based data of Interior Design Ideas, 2015) Fig.4.10: Section natural lighting (own illustration based data of Interior Design Ideas, 2015) Fig.4.11: Section sustainable technologies (own illustration based data of Interior Design Ideas, 2015) Fig.4.12: Reclamation overpass Jordan (source: http://www.arch2o.com/reclamation-overpass-aseel-bseiso-farah-shaker-layal-mashal-nisreen-kilani/) Fig.4.13: First floor plan (own illustration based on data of arch2o, 2015) Fig.4.14: Ground floor plan (own illustration based on data of arch2o, 2015) Fig.4.15: Basement floor plan (own illustration based on data of arch2o, 2015) Fig.4.16: Basement2 floor plan (own illustration based on data of arch2o, 2015) Fig.4.17: Sections views (own illustration based on data of arch2o, 2015)

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LIST OF FIGURES Fig.4.18: Sections natural lighting (own illustration based on data of arch2o, 2015) Fig.4.19: KAUST campus (source:http://www.hoklife.com/tag/kaust/) Fig.4.20: Campus zoning (own illustration) Fig.4.21: Campus circulation (own illustration) Fig.4.22: Research center zoning (own illustration) Fig.4.23: Lab unit zoning (own illustration) Fig.4.24(a-h): KAUST interior images (own image) Fig.5.1: Benefits of location (own illustration) Fig.5.2: location (own illustration) Fig.5.3: Area Zoning (own illustration) Fig.5.4: District zoning (own illustration) Fig.5.5: Regulations (own illustration based on data from Jeddah Municipatity, 2015) Fig.5.6: Site levels (own illustration based on data from Elevation finder, 2015) Fig.5.7: Context style Fig.5.8: Site analysis (own illustration) Fig.5.9: Acoustics analysis (own illustration) Fig.5.10: Views (own illustration) Fig.5.11: Visibility (own illustration) Fig.6.1: Plans zoning (own illustration) Fig.6.2: 3D zoning (own illustration) Fig.6.3: Basement floor program (own illustration) Fig.6.4: Ground floor program (own illustration) Fig.6.5: First floor program (own illustration) Fig.7.1: Conceptual response to site (own illustration) Fig.7.2: Conceptual diagrams (own illustration) Fig.7.3: Conceptual masses (own illustration) Fig.7.4(a-d): Conceptual spaces (source: own image and http://www.hok.com/thought-leadership/the-scientific-workplace-of-the-future/) Fig.7.5: Conceptual spaces (own illustration) Fig.8.1: Summary diagram (own illustration)

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APPENDIX

CASE STUDIES Marine research center, Bali

DETASSIS, BRUNO. “Bali Research Marine Center Competition.” Divisare. Web. 2 Oct. 2015. <http://divisare.com/ projects/190900-Bruno-Detassis-Bali-Research-Marine-Center-Competition>.

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APPENDIX Marine research center, Alexandria

Marine Research Complex. (n.d.). Retrieved October 21, 2015, from http://www.arch2o.com/marine-research-complex-shahira-hammad/

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APPENDIX SITE ANALYSIS West coast coral reef map

Sun analysis

Solar angle

Courtesy of author

Courtesy of author

Epagov. (2015). Water Resources. Retrieved 29 October, 2015, from http://water.epa.gov/type/oceb/habitat/factsheet.cfm

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APPENDIX TABLE OF PROGRAM

Courtesy of author

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APPENDIX CONCEPTUAL APPROACH Transformation of the research space

Successful research space

Hok. (2015). The Scientific Workplace of the Future. Retrieved 19 December 2015, from http://www.hok.com/ thought-leadership/the-scientific-workplace-of-the-future/

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Recreation space between labs

APPENDIX KAUST SITE VISIT PICTURES

Library lounge

Library atrium

Ventilation tower

Service corridor

Crossed path

Campus platform

Water tank structure

Boat loading dock Courtesy of author

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