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Chapter 8 Family and Household MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. How does Statistics Canada define a family? a. a lone parent living without his or her children b. a married couple or a common-law couple with or without children c. a lone parent with children, or a married or common-law couple with or without children d. only a married couple of mixed or same gender with children ANS: C BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 175

2. What does a Nayar consanguine family consist of? a. a woman, her dependent offspring, and the woman’s brothers b. a married heterosexual couple, their dependent offspring, and the woman’s parents c. a woman and all of her own relatives d. a group of sisters, their husbands, and their dependent offspring ANS: A BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 174

3. What is the term for a family group consisting of a husband and his multiple wives and their dependent children? a. an extended family b. an affinal family c. a connubial family d. a conjugal family ANS: D BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 174–175

4. When did the independent nuclear family first emerge? a. around 100,000 years ago among early homo sapiens b. during the upper paleolithic c. just after the 4th century A.D. d. in the 18th century ANS: C BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 175

8-1

Chapter 8 Family and Household

5. In the 4th century the Roman Catholic Church imposed changes that altered marriage and family regulations, which of the following options indicates an institution that came about as a result of these changes? a. the nuclear family b. the extended family c. the patrilateral family d. the adoptive family ANS: A BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 175

6. What was the Roman Catholic Church trying to do in the 4th century when it prohibited close marriages, discouraged adoption, and condemned polygyny, concubinage, divorce, and remarriage? a. reinforce beliefs expressed in the Old Testament b. strengthen consanguineal ties c. facilitate the transfer of property to the church d. facilitate the transfer of property from church to nuclear families ANS: C BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Challenging REF: 175

7. What was the effect of industrialization on nuclear families? a. increased dependence on extended kin for aid during difficult times b. greater isolation because of the mobility required of an industrial labour force c. greater conflict among members of the nuclear family over scarce jobs d. more instances of polygyny ANS: B BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 175

8. According to Statistics Canada, what is the fastest-growing family type in Canada? a. extended family b. common-law family c. lone-parent family d. dysfunctional family ANS: B BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 175

9. What was one of the consequences of the competitive performance-oriented environment of the industrial workplace? a. the definition of the family as a place of love, cooperation, and refuge from the outside world b. the development of the extended family c. lowered expectations of romantic love d. fewer marriages ANS: A

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 175

8-2

BLM: REM

Chapter 8 Family and Household

10. According to Jean Briggs, when Inuit parents ask a child, “Why don’t you kill your little brother?” what are they actually doing? a. expressing an Inuit pattern of punishment for children who misbehave b. encouraging older children to acknowledge jealousy of and love for younger siblings c. socializing children to recognize that siblings can never get along d. asking the child to not hit their siblings ANS: B BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 179

11. About how much of the time are home-reared infants in close contact with their mothers in modern mainstream Canadian society? a. 10 percent of the time b. 20 percent of the time c. 40 percent of the time d. 70 percent of the time ANS: B BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 179

12. What does frequent and prolonged breast feeding of infants NOT result in? a. higher infant scores on cognitive tests b. a lower risk of hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder c. fewer child allergies, ear infections, and diarrhea d. slower development of infant self-awareness ANS: D BLM: HO

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 179

13. Foreign adoption has steadily grown in recent decades. Approximately how many children have been adopted into families in the United States since the early 1970s? a. 10,000 b. 50,000 c. 100,000 d. 500,000 ANS: D BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 182

8-3

Chapter 8 Family and Household

14. Which of the following best defines the term “household”? a. a residential group composed of a woman, her dependent children, and at least one male b. a non-residential group composed of people who share common interests but whose incomes are unequal, so that resources must be shared c. the basic residential unit for economic production, consumption, inheritance, childrearing, and the place where shelter is universally present d. a temporary association of strangers joined by economic adversity or season movements ANS: C BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 181

15. Among the Mundurucu of South America, the men all live together in one house with all boys over the age of 13. The women and the younger boys live in two or three houses grouped around the men’s house. What are the men’s house and the women’s houses examples of? a. a household but not really a family b. a conjugal family c. ambilocal residence d. a consanguineal family ANS: A BLM: HO

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 181

16. Which of the following statements about the Tory Islanders is true? a. They are Gaelic-speaking sheep farmers. b. They live in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland. c. They do not marry until they are in their late 20s or early 30s. d. They live with their parents even after they marry. ANS: C BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 181

17. Which form of conjugal family is most familiar to North Americans? a. extended b. consanguineal c. divorced d. nuclear ANS: D BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Easy

REF: 181

18. Why are more and more middle-aged adults in Canada caring for their elderly parents? a. They have more time to devote to this task. b. Governments pay children to look after their aging parents. c. Governments provide tax benefits to encourage them to do so. d. Canadians face a shortage of good nursing homes, and seniors are living longer. ANS: D

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 181

8-4

BLM: REM

Chapter 8 Family and Household

19. What do non-Native North Americans and the Inuit both have in common that explains the similarity in their family structure? a. There is little jealousy within or between households. b. Both rely on the technology of hunting. c. Both are highly mobile. d. Both care for their elderly. ANS: C BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Easy

REF: 181–182

20. When Inuit children marry, they must leave the family and start their own family unit, which must fend for itself. What is this type of family called? a. extended b. nuclear c. local d. ambilocal ANS: B BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Easy

REF: 182

21. Which kind of family is composed of people related to one another conjugally and by blood who bring their spouses to live in the family? a. extended b. polygamous c. consanguineal d. communal ANS: A BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 183

22. What type of economy is typical of the cultures where extended families are most often found? a. hunting and gathering b. seafaring c. nomadic pastoralism d. subsistence farming ANS: D BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 183

8-5

Chapter 8 Family and Household

23. Which of the following statements best describes an example of an extended family? a. A young man and woman living in Nova Scotia marry and start their own farm so that they can enjoy their independence even when alternatives, such as fishing on the family boat, are feasible. b. In many Mayan communities, sons bring their wives to live around a plaza where their father already has a house; the women weave together, the children play together, and decisions are made by the father. c. Among the Hopi, the household head is a female elder; her daughters go to live with their husbands and clear new land to grow corn. d. Traditionally, when Inuit children marry they must leave the family and start their own independent unit, which must fend for itself. ANS: B BLM: HO

PTS: 1

DIF: Challenging REF: 183

24. With regard to parents’ relationship with their children, which custom do modern ChineseCanadian families have in common? a. Daughters-in-law are solely responsible for the care of the husband’s elderly parents. b. Sons are more likely than their wives to care for elderly parents. c. Elderly parents prefer to return to China for their last years, rather than living with their children. d. Many Chinese Canadian seniors live apart from their adult children. ANS: D BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 183

25. In what type of economy did the extended family structure develop among the Huron and Iroquois First Nations of southern Quebec and Ontario? a. foraging b. mixed horticultural–foraging c. exclusively horticultural d. pastoral nomadic ANS: B BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 183

26. People opposed to same-sex marriage have expressed concerns about children’s psychological and social development when raised in these families. What has research into this area uncovered about these children? a. a decline in academic performance b. less stable psychological and emotional health c. nothing negative, they are just like other children d. a higher incidence of same-sex sexual orientation ANS: C BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 184

8-6

Chapter 8 Family and Household

27. What is the term for same-sex families where one or both lesbian mothers conceive a child through donor insemination, or where gay male partners have children through adoption, fostering, or surrogacy? a. child-rearing units b. custodial families c. co-parent families d. step-families ANS: C BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 184

28. Which set of terms applies to the types of residence patterns that anthropologists study in different societies? a. conjugal, consanguineal b. partrilocal, neolocal, matrilocal c. polygynous, polyandrous, monogamous d. nuclear, extended ANS: B BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 184–186

29. What mainly determines residence patterns? a. ecological circumstances b. married couple’s preference c. bride’s parents’ preference d. groom’s parents’ preference ANS: A BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 184

30. Societies that rely on animal herding or intensive agriculture, in which polygyny is customary, and in which warfare is prominent enough to make male cooperation important, all most likely practise one particular form of residence. Which form? a. neolocal b. avunculocal c. ambilocal d. patrilocal ANS: D BLM: HO

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 184

31. Which of the following statements about societies with patrilocal residence is NOT true? a. Women may never leave the household. b. Women often move to another band or community when they marry. c. The bride’s parents often lose her potential offspring. d. The groom’s family has to pay compensation to the bride’s family. ANS: A BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 184

8-7

Chapter 8 Family and Household

32. You are studying a horticultural society in which women work together in the fields and play a dominant role in subsistence. Which sort of residence would you predict? a. matrilocal b. avunculocal c. ambilocal d. neolocal ANS: A BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 184

33. Which term best characterizes the form that residence after marriage took among the Huron and Iroquois First Nations of southern Quebec and Ontario? a. neolocal b. patrilocal c. matrilocal d. ambilocal ANS: C BLM: HO

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 183

34. Jack and Jill are getting married and must decide where to live. Because of working conditions and scarce resources, it is impossible for them to establish their own independent household. They move in with Jack’s mother and father. Which type of residence is this an example of? a. patrilocal b. matrilocal c. ambilocal d. neolocal ANS: A BLM: HO

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 184–185

35. A couple can choose to live with her own people or with his. Which term best describes this type of residence? a. neolocal b. ambilocal c. matrilocal d. avunculocal ANS: B BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Easy

REF: 185

8-8

Chapter 8 Family and Household

36. In which sorts of societies is ambilocal residence found? a. societies where males control property, but descent and inheritance is reckoned through women b. societies where warfare is common, even though it is women who wield most of the authority c. societies where economic activity occurs outside the family, and families have to move frequently in search of jobs d. societies where the cooperation of more people than are available in one nuclear family is needed and nuclear family resources are limited in some way ANS: D BLM: HO

PTS: 1

DIF: Challenging REF: 185

37. An Mbuti man marries a woman from another band. They live with his people for a while, but when he gets into a fight with his brother, they go to live with her people until tempers cool off. Which sort of residence is this an example of? a. neolocal b. ambilocal c. avunculocal d. patrilocal ANS: B BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 185

38. In industrial societies such as Canada, why is neolocal residence common? a. Canadian newlyweds do not usually get along with their in-laws. b. Industries require workers to be able to move to wherever there are jobs. c. Canadian newlyweds demand privacy. d. In-laws discourage extended family formation. ANS: B BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 185

39. Whom does a married couple go to live with in an avunculocal residence? a. the husband’s brother b. the husband’s mother’s brother c. the husband’s brother’s son d. the wife’s father ANS: B BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 186

8-9

Chapter 8 Family and Household

40. Which statement about the traditional residence patterns in the matrilineal Trobriand Islands is correct? a. All couples traditionally live with the husband’s mother’s brother. b. All couples traditionally live neolocally c. Most couples live ambilocally. d. All couples traditionally live with the wife’s mother’s sister. ANS: A BLM: HO

PTS: 1

DIF: Challenging REF: 186

41. Though the leaders and chiefs of Trobriand society practised avunculocal residence, which type of residence have most married couples practised in more recent times? a. neolocal b. matrilocal c. patrilocal d. ambilocal ANS: C BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 186

42. Which term best describes a man who marries four women who are sisters? a. avunculocal residence b. sororal polygyny c. fraternal polyandry d. incest ANS: B BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 186

43. Which statement about polygynous families is true? a. They provide individual wives with company and economic assistance and alleviate boredom. b. They usually operate without conflict because women are better than men at getting along together. c. The man tries not to marry several sisters, because the hierarchy of oldest to youngest inevitably causes stress. d. They provide privacy by establishing the wives in separate houses spread around the village. ANS: A BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 187

8-10

Chapter 8 Family and Household

44. Which method of reducing conflict between an eldest son and his younger brothers is most likely to be used in extended families? a. moving the younger brother out of the household b. giving the younger sons extra land c. independence training d. increasing the number of wives for the younger sons ANS: A BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 187

45. Which of the following problems are extended families likely to have? a. loneliness caused by isolation from kin b. children’s independence conflicts with group harmony c. various forms of internal conflict between generations d. the elder family members becoming a burden ANS: C BLM: HO

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 187

46. Which of the following problems does the idea of “face” or “honour” help to solve in extended families? a. mistreatment of younger sons or siblings and wives by the head of the household b. the difficulty in attracting spouses to an extended family situation c. dependence training d. independence training ANS: A BLM: HO

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 187

47. What are some of the problems associated with the nuclear family? a. Husbands and wives tend to rely too much on their parents. b. Rules for making decisions are too strict for all members. c. The elderly may not live near and cannot necessarily depend on children for care. d. Differences in income leave some members on a “second tier.” ANS: C BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 188

48. You are an independent person who places great value on making your own decisions. In which type of family would you probably be happiest? a. polygynous b. extended c. nuclear d. consanguineal ANS: C BLM: HO

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 188

8-11

Chapter 8 Family and Household

49. In modern China, care of the elderly has become a matter of considerable concern. Why? a. household poverty b. cutbacks in government funding for the elderly c. the country’s one-child policy d. the national lack of interest in human rights ANS: C BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 187

50. In North America, which type of family arrangement has become much more common due to problems associated with the nuclear family? a. extended families b. female-headed single-parent households c. polygynous families d. consanguineal families ANS: B BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 188

51. In 2001, how many lone-parent families were there in Canada? a. 500,000 b. 850,000 c. 1.3 million d. 2 million ANS: C BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 188

52. What is the increase in the number of Canadian single-parent families headed by women likely to be associated with? a. increased willingness of fathers to pay child support b. increased participation of extended kin in caring for the children c. increased number of women keeping infants born outside of marriage or commonlaw relationship d. increased social assistance payments for single mothers ANS: C BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 188

53. Since 1980, which group has been most severely affected by cutbacks in social welfare programs in Canada? a. households headed by single mothers b. households headed by single fathers c. seniors d. nuclear families ANS: A BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 189

8-12

Chapter 8 Family and Household

54. From a First Nations perspective, what is one of the requirements for self-government? a. that they isolate themselves from non-Aboriginal Canadians b. that more university education be made available to Native youth who still live on reserves c. that the Department of Indian Affairs be dismantled and eliminated d. that Native people be given control of their own public health surveillance technologies ANS: D BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 189

55. To overcome First Nations’ resistance to further studies of their health, what are Canadian anthropologists such as John O’Neil doing? a. lobbying the federal government to compel First Nations people to undergo medical tests b. working with First Nations people to develop the studies c. developing studies in partnership with governments from other nations with large Aboriginal populations d. excluding all white people from working on issues of First Nations health ANS: B BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 189

56. By 2003, what ratio of female-headed families in Canada lived in a low-income situation? a. one-quarter b. one-third c. one-half d. two-thirds ANS: C BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 189

57. According to the text, in which region of the world have single-parent households headed by women been studied for a long time? a. the Caribbean b. Central America c. Eastern Europe d. India ANS: A BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 189

58. In Caribbean countries, there are many single-parent households headed by women. Why? a. high rates of divorce b. inadequate employment opportunities for men c. dysfunctional families d. lack of information about birth control ANS: B

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 189

8-13

BLM: REM

Chapter 8 Family and Household

59. In developing countries, women have become increasingly impoverished and socially disadvantaged. Why? a. because of debt repayment reforms demanded by the International Monetary Fund b. because labour unions demand higher wages and force corporations to move out c. because government funding to education, health, and social welfare encourages dependency d. because of women’s irrational management of household income ANS: A BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 189

60. As a cultural phenomenon, the notion of adoption or exchange of children is fairly common in Canada today. What is its status in other cultures? a. It has only been practised by roughly 20 percent of the world’s cultures. b. While it is quite rare in some cultures, it is very common in others. c. It is a universally common phenomenon practised by all cultures. d. In most countries, it is simply an informal arrangement with no legal status. ANS: B BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 182

61. Based on your reading of the “Transnational Child Exchange?” article, which of the following statements best characterizes the current status of international adoption? a. It is a humanitarian cause that is gradually eliminating child poverty in many countries. b. It is the equivalent of a business that sells and exports human beings. c. It is complex, encompassing both business aspects and humanitarian aspects. d. It is slowly draining female children from industrialized countries. ANS: C BLM: HO

PTS: 1

DIF: Challenging REF: 182

62. Apart from financial and ethical reasons, what other reasons do some countries have for restricting foreign adoptions? a. religious reasons b. health reasons c. military reasons d. racial reasons ANS: A BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 182

8-14

Chapter 8 Family and Household

63. Which of the following terms best describes the cultural category of “pygmy.” a. It is a racial category. b. It is an ethnic category. c. It is an arbitrary category indicating stature. d. It is a single cultural category. ANS: C BLM: HO

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 176

64. Why are Aka pygmy fathers referred to as the best dads in the world? a. They provide gifts to their children on a weekly basis. b. They spend more time with their children than men in any other culture. c. They are the exclusive caregivers of their children from age the age of one to age 12. d. They communally care for each other’s children. ANS: B BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Easy

REF: 176

65. Which statement best describes the situation between the Aka pygmies and their neighbouring populations? a. They are often at war with their farming neighbours. b. They are a source of entertainment to their farming neighbours. c. They forage from the crops of their farming neighbours. d. They maintain complex social and economic relations with their farming neighbours. ANS: D BLM: HO

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 176

66. The Aka pygmies are skilled foragers. Approximately how many hours per week does a typical Aka spend hunting and gathering? a. 15 b. 25 c. 42 d. 50 ANS: B BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Easy

REF: 177

67. Which statement best characterizes the consequences of close paternal parenting provided by the Aka? a. It produces children that are timid and compliant. b. It produces children that are confident and aggressive. c. It produces children with emotional and social well-being and strong feelings of autonomy. d. It produces children similar to cultures where fathers are less involved. ANS: C

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 178

8-15

BLM: HO

Chapter 8 Family and Household

68. Adult Inuit rarely become angry with their children or scold them. How do the Inuit regard this kind of anger or aggression? a. as a sign of madness b. as a sign of impatience c. as a sign of weakness d. as a sign of immaturity ANS: D BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 179

69. Considering the cultural diversity evident in how children are raised, which type of family produces the most well-adjusted children? a. The dual-parent nuclear family produces the most well-adjusted children. b. The multigenerational extended family produces the most well-adjusted children. c. Almost any form of family or parenting can produce well-adjusted children. d. Polygynous families clearly produce the most well-adjusted children. ANS: C BLM: HO

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 179

70. “The Motherhood Mandate,” gender perspective article summarizes the position of North American mothers. Which of the following statements best expresses the defining characteristics of North American supermoms? a. They are blended mothers attempting to maintain traditional values while buying into the image of a modern woman. b. They are modern mothers who reject many traditional values and hold career aspirations. c. They expect to be equal partners with husbands who share half of the motherhood role. d. They are linear mothers, moving from one task to the next throughout the day. ANS: A BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 180

71. What is the most common form of a same-sex family? a. gay male adoptive families b. lesbian stepfamilies c. lesbian donor insemination families d. gay male stepfamilies ANS: B BLM: REM

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 184

8-16

Chapter 8 Family and Household

72. Which of the following is an example of ambilocal residence? a. a couple that lives with the husband’s parents b. a couple that lives with the wife’s uncle c. a couple that lives with the wife’s sister d. a couple that lives with the wife’s parents in summer and husbands parents in winter ANS: D BLM: HO

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 185

73. Which of the following is the most accurate description of polygamy? a. a man with two wives b. a woman with two husbands c. a person with more than one spouse d. a group marriage ANS: C BLM: HO

PTS: 1

DIF: Easy

REF: 186–187

74. Which statement best describes the defining characteristic of the North American family? a. No other family structure is valued more than the nuclear family. b. New forms of family structures have supplanted the nuclear family. c. No particular family structure is preferred. d. The patriarchal family remains dominant. ANS: A BLM: HO

PTS: 1

DIF: Easy

REF: 190

TRUE/FALSE 1. The Canadian family is defined by Statistics Canada as a married man and woman and their unmarried children. ANS: F

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 175

2. The early Catholic Church got involved in family reforms largely as a means of addressing the problem of lack of male heirs. ANS: F

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 175

3. In all societies, the family serves as an institution to nurture children and establish a cooperative economic unit. ANS: T

PTS: 1

DIF: Easy

REF: 175

8-17

Chapter 8 Family and Household

4. Cross-cultural studies of the family have shown that in some societies men are more nurturant to children than women. ANS: T

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 175–178

5. In North American children, self-awareness tends to lag behind children in other cultures. ANS: T

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 179

6. The Motherhood Mandate recognizes the endless labour required by mothers and acknowledges that the responsibility for raising well-adjusted children lies with both parents and with community. ANS: F

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 180

7. Supermoms attempt to maintain the traditional values of motherhood that emerged in the 1950s along with the modern demands of juggling the roles of wife, mother, and career woman. ANS: T

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 180

8. Some form of family is present in all human cultures. ANS: F

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 181

9. Roman Catholic Tory Island fisherfolk living off the coast of Ireland share with the Nayar of 19th-century India a form of consanguineal family. ANS: T

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 181

10. The isolation of nuclear families in the West is linked to the requirements of industrial capitalism. ANS: T

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 182

11. The prevalence of nuclear families is declining in Canadian society. ANS: T

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 181

12. The Maya of Guatemala and southern Mexico share with the Inuit a nuclear family structure. ANS: F

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 182–185

13. The government support given to Canadian parents for raising their children includes emotional and physical assistance. ANS: F

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 188–189

8-18

Chapter 8 Family and Household

14. Extended families are most apt to be found in cultures based on hunting and gathering. ANS: F

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 187

15. In Canada, it is illegal for same-sex couples to live with children conceived through donor insemination or adoption. ANS: F

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 184

16. In Canada, the most prevalent same-sex families are lesbian stepfamilies. ANS: T

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 184

17. An anthropologist who knows how a group makes its living and understands its political organization, the amount of land available to the people, and the degree of their involvement in warfare can usually predict where a couple will live after they get married. ANS: T

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 184

18. When a man leaves his parents and lives with his wife in her parents’ household, the residence pattern is termed matrilocal. ANS: T

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 184

19. Among the Iroquois, a man goes to live with his wife in her parents’ household. ANS: T

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 184

20. The residence pattern most commonly practised in North America is neolocal. ANS: T

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 185

21. In societies where matrilineal descent of rights and property is deemed essential, residence is likely to be avunculocal. ANS: T

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 186

22. Tension among the multiple spouses of a polygamous individual is rare. ANS: F

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 186–187

23. Sororal polygyny helps to reduce tension among co-wives. ANS: T

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 186

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Chapter 8 Family and Household

24. When fraternal polyandrous households of the Nayar break up, it is usually the wife who leaves. ANS: F

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 187

25. Of all the various types of family organization, the nuclear family is the only one that does not impose anxiety and stress upon its individual members. ANS: F

PTS: 1

DIF: Easy

REF: 186–190

26. Single-parent households headed by women are relatively new and are restricted to industrialized societies like Canada. ANS: F

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 188

27. People in First Nations societies in Canada are always eager to be the subjects of health research. ANS: F

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 189

28. Since 1996, the income of female-headed families in Canada has been rising because of increased participation of women in the labour force. ANS: T

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 189

29. Women constitute the majority of the poor, the underprivileged, and the economically and socially disadvantaged in most of the world’s societies. ANS: T

PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 189

ESSAY 1. Why are the Aka pygmies considered to be the best dads in the world? ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1

DIF: Challenging REF: 176–178

2. Explain the impact of near-constant stimulation and prolonged breast-feeding on child development in traditional cultures. What is the significance of these findings for North American children? ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1

DIF: Challenging REF: 179

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Chapter 8 Family and Household

3. How does the socialization of North American females to be both good mothers and supermothers conflict with the realities and limitation of motherhood? ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1

DIF: Challenging REF: 180

4. Account for the existence of female-headed families in both Canada and the Caribbean region, and describe characteristics of these families. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1

DIF: Challenging REF: 189–190

5. Explore the linkages between the contemporary Canadian family and the economic system of industrial capitalism. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 185–190

6. Identify and discuss the problems inherent in the “traditional” nuclear family. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1

DIF: Average

REF: 181–182

7. What issues confront same-sex marriage and the establishment of same-sex households? ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1

DIF: Challenging REF: 184–185

8. With reference to developing countries, discuss the impact of International Monetary Fund “reforms” on family life in general and on women and children in particular. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1

DIF: Challenging REF: 189

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