THE ORANGE CROSS PR ACTICE BOOK PRACTICE BOOK SUPPLEMENTARY TO THE ORANGE CROSS BOOK
THE ORANGE CROSS PRACTICE BOOK PRACTICE BOOK SUPPLEMENTARY TO THE ORANGE CROSS BOOK 26th edition
II
Colophon uthor A Hans van der Pols (The Orange Cross) Editor Marijke van Ooijen, Utrecht Graphic design Jean Klare, Deventer Photographer Fotostudio Lighthouse, Breda Translation Josephine E. Bruijn, Leiden
ThiemeMeulenhoff develops study materials for primary education, secondary education, vocational and adult education and for higher vocational training. You will find more information about Thieme Meulenhoff and a survey of our educational tools on www.thiememeulenhoff.nl ISBN 978 90 06 92173 1 26th edition, second issue 2011 Š ThiemeMeulenhoff, Amersfoort, 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in an automated data file or published in any form or in any way, be it electronically, mechanically, by means of photocopies, recordings or in any other way without prior permission in writing from the publisher. In so far as making reproductions of this book is allowed on the basis of section 16B of the Dutch Copyrights Act 1912 jo the Decree of the 20th of June 1974, Dutch Bulletin of Acts and Decrees 471 and section 17 Dutch Copyrights Act 1912, the legally payable indemnities should be paid to Stichting Reprorecht (PO box 3060, 2130 KB Hoofddorp, The Netherlands). Those who want to include a part or parts of this book in anthologies, readers or other compilations (section 16 Dutch Copyrights Act 1912) should contact the publisher. The publisher has aimed at registering the copyrights in accordance with the legal provisions. Those who are of the opinion that they, in spite of this, are in a position to exercise certain rights, can as yet contact the publisher.
III
Foreword Each previous issue of the Orange Cross Book was accompanied by a practice book. This book enables course participants to practise at home or check whether they still have command of the course contents at any moment after the course. The 26th issue has its own practice book as well. This practice book has been adjusted to the new resuscitation guidelines 2011 issued by the Dutch Resuscitation Board. The questions in this book have been numbered by section (I to IV including). In the cases that follow, 1 to 18 including, the course material is brought up in random order. You will find the answers at the back of this book. E.G. van Ankum Briggen, MD chairman
B.A.J. Jongejan, MD director
Table of contents PART I
General 7 Introduction 8
1
Giving first aid: five important points 9
2
Emotional reactions 15
3
Providing first aid and the risk of infection 16
PART II Impairment in vital body functions 17 Introduction 18 1
Impaired consciousness 19
2
Breathing difficulties 22
3
Resuscitation 28
4
Active blood loss 32
5
Shock 34
PART III Injuries 35 Introduction 36 1
Wounds 37
2
Electrical injuries 41
3
Bruises and sprains 42
4
Bone fractures and dislocations 43
5
Injuries of the eye, nose and ear 46
6
Tooth injuries and tooth through the lip 48
7
Overheating (hyperthermia) 49
8
Hypothermia 50
V
Frostbite 52
10
Poisoning 53
11
Stings and bites 54
PART IV Dressings, bandages and other materials 55 1
Dressings and bandages 56
2
Other materials 57
Cases 59 Answers 65 Part I
General 66
Part II
Impairment in vital body functions 70
Part III Injuries 78 Part IV Dressings, bandages and other materials 88 Cases 90
9
PART 1 GENERAL
8
General > Introduction
Introduction 1
The first aider is the first link in the chain of emergency care. What does this mean for your actions as a first aider?
9
2
Giving first aid: five important points Which five important points are always addressed when you give first aid? 1 2 3 4 5
3
Which of the following statement(s) is or are correct? I When you give first aid, the five important points are always addressed. The action ‘Be aware of any danger’ should be performed before the action ‘Help the victim at the place where he lies or sits’. II When you give first aid according to the five important points, you first assess the victim. A B C D
4
Only statement I is correct. Only statement II is correct. Both statements are correct. Both statements are incorrect.
Mention three measures that you can take to make a dangerous situation safer for yourself, for bystanders or for the victim. 1 2 3
5
If an accident just happened you may have the tendency to take action immediately to examine what is the matter with someone. Why is it important that you do not do this until you have first performed point 1 of the five important points?
6
What do you need to do if the police are at the place of the accident and you want to remove the victim from the dangerous situation?
General > Giving first aid: five important points
1
10
General > Giving first aid: five important points
7
In which two ways can you assess what has happened? 1 2
8
Why do you first assess what has happened and only afterwards examine what is the matter with the victim?
9
What do you always assess first when you want to establish what is wrong with the victim? A B C D
Breathing. Consciousness. Circulation. Airway.
10
The ABC method tells you in which order you need to assess the victim’s situation. What do A, B and C mean?
11
Why is it important to assess the victim’s vital body functions first and only then start examining other injuries?
12
Which victim would you treat first if there are several victims?
13
Which of the following statement(s) is or are correct? I The information on a medical alert pendant is important for the first aider. II The information on a medical alert pendant is important for the professional rescuers. A B C D
Only statement I is correct. Only statement II is correct. Both statements are correct. Both statements are incorrect.
11
Which of the following statement(s) is or are correct? I You as a first aider should come across as calm, caring and respectful because victims may be frightened or anxious and sometimes irritated or aggressive as well after an accident. II If a victim is lying on the ground, you sit on your knees beside him in such a position that he can see you. A B C D
15
Only statement I is correct. Only statement II is correct. Both statements are correct. Both statements are incorrect.
Suppose you find a victim of a car accident. In which ways can you reassure him? Mention three ways. 1 2 3
16
Mention three characteristics of correct behaviour for a first aider. 1 2 3
17
With which two threats are victims confronted if they are not sheltered adequately?
1 2 18
How do you call in professional rescuers in each of the situations below? a In the case of severe accidents or accidents that interfere with the traffic flow.
b In situations that are less urgent.
General > Giving first aid: five important points
14
12
General > Giving first aid: five important points
19
Which information do you need to pass on when you call the emergency medical dispatch centre?
20
The Orange Cross Book states that you can only leave a victim alone to fetch help if there is no other way. Can you give an example of a situation where this could be the case?
21
You have someone call in professional rescuers. Why is it important for you that this person comes back after the call?
22
Fill in the missing words. If you call 1-1-2 you come into contact with a(n) You or (the person who calls) have (has) to ask for a(n)
23
.
You give the dispatcher clear information about the accident. Which other measures can you take to ensure that the professional rescuers who have been called in reach the victim as quickly as possible?
13
Which additional information do you provide to the paramedics when you transfer the victim? Mention 4 points. 1 2 3 4
25
Why is it preferable to give first aid to a victim at the place where he lies or sits?
26
What do you do if the victim wants to stand up?
27
In which cases do you really need to move the victim?
28
What is the preferred way to move a victim who can no longer walk?
29
What do you do if you cannot move the victim in the way mentioned in question?
30
In which cases is it allowed to remove a victim from a car after a severe traffic accident?
General > Giving first aid: five important points
24
14
General > Giving first aid: five important points
31
How do you move a victim who can still bear weight with one leg?
32
The action in the photograph below is not performed correctly. a What is wrong?
b How should the action be performed?
33
The action in the photograph below is not performed correctly. a What is wrong?
b How should the action be performed?
15
Emotional reactions
34
What do you need to do if after several weeks you are still reminded of a serious accident?
35
Mention three emotional reactions that victims or bystanders may show if there has been an accident. 1 2 3
36
How can you generally prevent bystanders from interfering with you when you give first aid?
37
People in groups are less inclined to provide help. How can you try to overcome this?
General > Emotional reactions
2
THE ORANGE CROSS PRACTICE BOOK The Orange Cross Practice Book supplementary to The Orange Cross Book (26e edition)
This Practice Book enables you to test if you know enough of the course material that prepares for the First Aid Certificate of The Orange Cross.