Victorian optics

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Welcome to pupils from

Rawmarsh Monkwood Junior School

Today you will be meeting Mistress Hester and Thomas




The 1833 Factory Act In 1833 the Government passed a Factory Act to improve conditions for children working in factories. Young children were working very long hours in workplaces where conditions were often terrible. The basic act was as follows: •No child workers under 9 years of age •Employers must have a medical or age certificate for child workers •Children between the ages of 9-13 to work no more than 9 hours a day •Children between 13-18 to work no more than 12 hours a day •Children are not to work at night •Two hours schooling each day for children •Four factory inspectors appointed to enforce the law throughout the whole of the country.


Factory Acts: Date

Industry

Details of law

1833

Textiles

No child workers under 9 years Reduced hours for children 9-13 years Two hours schooling each day for children Four factory inspectors appointed

1844

Textiles

Children 8-13 years could work six half-hours a day Reduced hours for women (12) and no night work

1847

Textiles

Women and children under 18 years of age could not work more than 10 hours a day.

1867

All Industries

Previous rules applied to workhouses if more than 5 workers employed

1901

All Industries

Minimum age raised to 12 years.










•What is light ? Where does it come from ? How do we see it ? Sources of light Reflection of light


What is dark ? •Can we see it ? •Is dark different to shadow?


Camera Obscura

There are no less than 270 diagrams of camera obscura in Leonardo's da Vinci’s notebooks, but Leonardo did not invent it. References can be found to the use of pinholes as cameras to a time before the birth of Christ.


Pinhole cameras are originally from over 2000 years ago.


The Camera Lucida, designed in 1807 by Dr. William Wollaston, was an aid to drawing It was a reflecting prism which enabled artists to draw outlines in correct perspective. No darkroom was needed.

Latin for 'light chamber',


Magic Lantern



Thaumatrope 1826


Phenakistoscope

1832






Enjoy your day with us



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