EXCAVATOR
Models
TECHNICAL MANUAL TROUBLESHOOTING
All information, illustrations and specifications in this manual are based on the latest product information available at the time of publication. The right is reserved to make changes at any time without notice.
FIAT-HITACHI EXCAVATORS S.p.A. Edition - XI - 1997
-
ENGINEERING
-
FORM No. 604.06.822
IN-1
INTRODUCTION TO THE READER • This manual is written for an experienced technician to provide technical information needed to maintain and repair this machine. - Be sure to thoroughly read this manual for correct information concerning the service procedures.
- If you have any questions or comments, or if you found any errors regarding the contents of this manual, please contact: FIAT-HITACHI S.p.A. San Mauro Torinese (TO) 10099 ITALIA PRODUCT SUPPORT Fax. ++39 11 6877357
ADDITIONAL REFERENCES • Please refer to the materials listed below in addition to this service manual: - The Operator’s Manual - The Spare Parts Catalog
SERVICE MANUAL COMPOSITION • The complete service manual consists of four books: - Technical Manual - Operational Principle - Technical Manual - Troubleshooting - Excavator Workshop Manual - Engine Workshop Manual
performance procedures.
tests,
and
troubleshooting
- The Technical Manual (Operational Principle) includes the technical information concerning the operation of main devices and systems.
- The Excavator and the Engine Workshop Manuals include information needed for maintenance and repair of the machine, tools and devices needed for maintenance and repair, maintenance standards, removal/installation and assembly/disassembly procedures.
- The Technical Manual (Troubleshooting) includes the technical information needed for operational
• The Service Manual for EX135 Excavator consists of the following book/print numbers:
BOOK
PART NUMBER
- Technical Manual - Operational Principle
604.06.827
- Technical Manual - Troubleshooting
604.06.822
- Workshop Manual - Excavator
604.06.837
- Workshop Manual - Engine
604.06.832
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IN-2
INTRODUCTION PAGE NUMBER • Each page has a number, located on the external upper corner of the page. Each page number contains the following information: Example: T 1-2-3 Consecutive page number for each group Group number (if exist) Section number T : Technical Manual W : Excavator Workshop Manual EW: Engine Workshop Manual
SYMBOLS In this manual, the following safety alert symbol and signal words are used to alert the reader to the potential for personal injury or machine damage.
!
This is the safety alert symbol. When you see this symbol, be alert to the potential for personal injury. Never fail to follow the safety instructions prescribed along with the safety alert symbol. The safety alert symbol is also used to draw attentio in to component/part weights. To avoid injury and damage, be sure to use appropriate lifting techniques and equipment when lifting heavy parts.
UNITS USED SI Units (International System of Units) are used in this manual. MKSA system units and English units are also indicated in parentheses just behinds SI units. Example: 24.5 Mpa (250 kgf/cm2, 3560 psi) A table for conversion from SI units to other system units is shown below for reference purposes.
Quantity
To convert from (SI)
Into (Others)
Multiply by
Quantity
To convert from (SI)
Into (Others)
Multiply by
Lenght
mm
in
0.039 37
Pressure
MPa
kgf/cm2
10.197
mm
ft
0.003 281
L
US gal
0.264 2
Volume
L
US qt
1.057
m
yd
1.308
Temperature
Weight
Kg
lb
2.205
Velocity
Force Torque
N
kgf
0.101 97
N
lbf
0.224 8
N.m
Kgf.m
0.101 97
N.m
lbf.ft
0.737 5
Power
MPa
psi
145.0
kW
PS
1.360
kW
HP
1.341
°C
°F
°C x 1.8 + 32
Km/h
mph
0.621 4
-1
Flow rate
min
rpm
1.0
L/min
US gpm
0.264 2
ML/rev
Cc/rev
1.0
S-1
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS RECOGNISE SAFETY INFORMATION
!
• This is your SAFETY ALERT SYMBOL. - When you see this symbol on your machine or in this Manual, be alert of the potential for personal injury. - Follow recommended precautions and safe operating practices.
S0021
UNDERSTAND SIGNAL WORDS • In this Manual you will find the following words: - DANGER; - WARNING; - CAUTION. referring to different hazard risks. These words are always accompanied by the safety alert symbol.
DANGER: indicates an imminent hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury. WARNING: indicated a potential hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury. CAUTION: indicates a potential hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury.
! ! !
DANGER WARNING CAUTION IMPORTANT NOTE
IMPORTANT: indicates a situation which, if not avoided, may cause damage to the machine. NOTE: indicates an additional explanation for information purposes.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION • This Manual also contains this symbol accompanying instructions for correct behaviour as regards environmental protection. S0024
S-2
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOLLOW SAFETY PRECAUTIONS • Carefully read and observe all safety signs on the machine and read all safety precautions in this Manual. • Safety signs should be installed, maintained, and replaced when necessary. - If a safety sign or this Manual are damaged or missing, obtain a replacement from your FIATHITACHI Dealer in the same way you order a spare part (be sure to detail machine model and serial number upon ordering). • Learn how to operate the machine and its controls correctly and safely.
S0022
• Allow only trained, qualified, authorised personnel to operate the machine. • Keep the machine in proper working conditions. - Unauthorised changes to the machine may impair function and/or safety and affect machine life. • Safety messages in this Chapter “SAFETY PRECAUTIONS”, are intended to illustrate basic safety procedures of the machine. However, it is impossible for these safety messages to cover every hazardous situation you may encounter. If you have any doubts, consult your direct supervisor prior to operating or servicing the machine.
PREPARE FOR EMERGENCIES • Be prepared if a fire starts or an accident occurs. - Keep the first-aid kit and fire extinguisher on hand. - Thoroughly read and understand the label attached to the fire extinguisher to use it properly. - Establish emergency priority procedures to cope with fires and accidents. - Keep emergency numbers for doctors, ambulance service, hospitals and fire department posted near the telephone. S0023
S-3
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WEAR PROTECTIVE CLOTHING • Wear close-fitting clothing and safety equipment appropriate to the job. You need: - A hard hat; - Safety shoes; - Safety glasses or face shield; - Heavy gloves; - Ear protection; - Reflective clothing; - Waterproof clothing; - Respirator or filter mask; Be sure to correctly wear equipment and clothing for the job. - Do not take any chances. - Avoid wearing loose clothing, jewellery, or other items that can catch on control levers or other parts of the machine.
S0025
• Operating equipment safely requires the full attention of the operator. Do not wear radio or music headphones while operating the machine.
PROTECT AGAINST NOISE • Prolonged exposure to loud noise can cause impairment or loss of hearing. - Wear a suitable hearing protection such as earmuffs or earplugs to protect objectionable or uncomfortably loud noise.
S0026
INSPECT THE MACHINE • Inspect the machine carefully every day or workshift by an attentive visual inspection of machine outside prior to starting it to prevent damages and personal injuries. - In the walk-around inspection, be sure to cover all points detailed in the OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTION MANUAL.
S0027
S-4
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS USE HAND HOLDS AND STEPS • Falling is one of the major causes of personal injury. - When you get on and off the machine, always face the machine and maintain a three-point contact with the steps and handrails. - Do not use any control as a handhold. - Never jump off the machine. Never get on and off a moving machine, - Be careful of slippery conditions of platforms, steps, and handrails when leaving the machine.
S0028
ADJUST THE OPERATOR'S SEAT • A seat poorly adjusted for operator or work requirements may quickly fatigue the operator leading to improper operations. - The seat should be adjusted whenever machine operator changes. - The operator should be able to fully press the pedals and correctly move the control levers with his back resting against the seat back. - If not, move the seat fore and aft, and check again. S0029
S-5
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FASTEN SEAT BELT • Should the machine overturn, the operator may become injured and/or thrown from the cab. Not only, the operator may be crushed by the overturning machine resulting in serious injury or even death. - Prior to operating the machine, thoroughly examine belt webbing, buckle, and attaching hardware. If any item is damaged or worn, replace the seat belt or component before operating the machine.
S0030
- Be sure to remain seated with the seat belt securely fastened at all times when the machine is in operation to minimise injury hazard in case of accident. - After a significant accident, replace the seat belts even though they do not look damaged.
MOVE AND SAFELY
OPERATE
MACHINE
• Bystanders can be run over. - Pay the utmost attention not to run over bystanders. - Be sure and aware of the location of bystanders before moving, swinging or operating the machine. - If fitted, keep the travel alarm and horn sounding to warn people that the machine is about to move. S0031
- When operating, swinging, or moving the machine in a congested area use a signal man. - Co-ordinate hand signals before starting the machine.
S-6
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS OPERATE ONLY FROM THE DRIVER'S SEAT • Inappropriate engine starting procedures may cause the machine unexpected movement, possibly resulting in serious injury and even death. - Start the engine only from the operator’s seat. - NEVER start the engine while standing on the track or on the ground. - Do not start the engine by shorting across starter motor terminals. - Before starting the engine, ensure that all control levers are in the neutral position.
STARTING THE ENGINE BOOSTER BATTERIES
S0032
WITH
• Battery gas may explode causing serious damages and injuries. - If the engine is to be started using booster batteries, ensure to comply with all procedures detailed in the OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTION MANUAL. - The operator should be sitting in the driver’s seat to keep the machine under control when the engine starts. Starting the engine with booster batteries is a two man operation. - Do not use batteries that have been stored in the cold for a long time. - Mistakes in following procedures detailed for starting the engine with slave batteries may cause the batteries to explode or machine to move unexpectedly.
S0001
DON'T CARRY RIDERS ON THE MACHINE • Riders on the machine are subject to injuries such as being struck by foreign objects and being thrown off the machine. - Only machine operator is machine. Keep riders off.
allowed on the
- Riders also obstruct the operator’s visibility, resulting in the machine being operated unsafely.
S0033
S-7
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS PROVIDE SIGNALS FOR JOBS INVOLVING A NUMBER OF MACHINES • For jobs involving several machines, provide signals commonly known by all personnel involved. Also, appoint a signal person to co-ordinate the job site. Make sure that all personnel obey the signal person’s directions.
S0036
CONFIRM DIRECTION WHERE THE MACHINE IS TO BE DRIVEN • Incorrect travel controls operation may result in serious injury and even death. - Before driving the machine, be aware of the undercarriage position relative to the operator’s position. If travel motors are located at the front of the cab, the machine will move reverse when travel controls are moved towards cab front.
S0037
S-8
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS DRIVE MACHINE SAFELY • Before moving the machine, confirm which way to move travel pedals/levers for the corresponding direction you wish to go. - Pushing down on the front of the travel pedals or pushing the levers forward moves the machine towards the idlers. (Refer to the OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTION MANUAL).
S0038
• Traveling on a grade may cause the machine to slip or to overturn, possibly resulting in serious injury or death. - When traveling up or down a grade, keep the bucket in the direction of travel, approximately 200 to 300 mm (A) above the ground. - If machine starts to skid or becomes unstable, lower the bucket immediately.
S0039
- Traveling across the face of a slope may cause the machine to skid or to overturn. When travelling (ascending/descending) on a slope, be sure to point the tracks uphill/downhill.
S0004
- Turning on an incline may cause the machine to tip over. If turning on an incline is absolutely unavoidable, do so at a place where the slope is gentle and the surface is firm.
WRONG S0005
S-9
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AVOID INJURY FROM UNEXPECTED MACHINE MOVEMENT • Death or serious injury may result if you attempt to get on or off a moving machine. • To avoid roll-aways: - Select level ground when possible to park machine. - Do not park the machine on a grade. - Lower the bucket and/or other work tools to the ground. Thrust the bucket teeth into the ground if you must park on a grade. - Turn the auto-idle switch off. - Run the engine at slow idle speed without load for 5 minutes to cool down the engine. - Stop the engine and remove the key from the key switch. - Pull the pilot shut-off lever to LOCK position. - Block both tracks. - Position the machine to prevent overturning. - Park a reasonable distance from other machines.
S0040
S0041
S-10
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AVOID INJURY FROM BACK-OVER AND SWING ACCIDENTS • If any person is present near the machine when backing or swinging the upperstructure, the machine may hit or run over that person, resulting in serious injury or death. • To avoid back-over and swing accidents: - Always look around BEFORE YOU BACK UP AND SWING THE MACHINE. BE SURE THAT ALL BYSTANDERS ARE CLEAR. - Keep the travel alarm in working condition (if equipped). S0042
- ALWAYS BE ALERT FOR BYSTANDERS MOVING INTO THE WORK AREA. USE THE HORN OR OTHER SIGNAL TO WARN BYSTANDERS BEFORE MOVING MACHINE. - USE A SIGNAL PERSON WHEN BACKING UP IF YOUR VIEW IS OBSTRUCTED. ALWAYS KEEP THE SIGNAL PERSON IN VIEW. - Use hand signals, which conform to your local regulations, when work conditions require a signal person. S0043
- No machine motions shall be made unless signals are clearly understood by both signalman and operator. - Learn the meanings of all flags, signs, and markings used on the job and confirm with the person in charge of signalling. - Keep windows, mirrors, and lights clean and in good condition. - Dust, heavy rain, fog, etc., can reduce visibility. As visibility decreases, reduce speed and use proper lighting. - Read and understand all operating instructions in the OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTION MANUAL.
S-11
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AVOID OVERTURNING • The danger of tipping is always present when operating on a grade, possibly resulting in serious injury or death. • To avoid tipping: - Be extra careful before operating on a grade. - Prepare machine operating area flat by grading. - Keep the bucket low to the ground and close to the machine. - Reduce machine operating speed to avoid tipping or slipping. - Avoid changing direction when travelling on grades. - NEVER attempt to travel across a grade steeper than 15 degrees. - Reduce swing speed as necessary when swinging loads.
S0002
• Be careful when working on frozen ground. - Temperature increases will cause the ground to become soft and make ground travel unstable.
S0047
AVOID ELECTRIC LINES • Serious injury or death can result if the machine or front attachments are not kept a safe distance from electric lines. - When operating near an electric line, NEVER move any part of the machine or load closer than 3 m plus twice the line insulator length. - Check and comply with any local regulations that may apply. - Wet ground will expand the area that could cause any person on it to be affected by electric shock. - Keep all bystanders or co-workers away from the site. S0010
S-12
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS PROTECT AGAINST FLYING DEBRIS • If flying debris hit eyes or any other part of the body, serious injury may result. - Guard against injury from flying pieces of metal or debris; wear goggles or safety glasses. - Keep bystanderds away from the working area before striking any object.
S0046
PARK MACHINE SAFELY • To avoid accidents: - Park machine on a level surface. - Lower bucket to the ground. - Turn auto-idle (A/I) switch off. - Run engine at slow idle speed without load for 5 minutes. - Turn key-start switch to OFF to stop engine. - Remove the ignition key from the key switch. - Pull the safety lever (pilot-control shut-off lever) to the LOCK position. - Close windows, roof window, and cab door. - Lock all access doors and compartments.
S0049
S-13
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS HANDLE FLUIDS SAFELY - AVOID FIRES • Handle fuel with care: it is highly flammable. If fuel ignites, an explosion and/or a fire may occur, possibly resulting in serious injuty or death. - Do not refuel the machine while smoking or when near open flame or sparks. - Always stop the engine before refuelling the machine. - Fill the tank outdoors.
S0050
• All fuels, most lubrificants, and some antifreeze fluids are flammable. - Store flammable fluids well away from fire hazards. - Do not burn or puncture pressurized containers. - Do not store oily rags; they can ignite and burn spontaneously.
S0051
S-14
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS SAFE MAINTENANCE • To avoid accidents: - Understand maintenance procedure before starting the work. - Kepp the working area clean and dry. - Do not spray water or steam inside the cab. - Do not lubricate or service the machine when it is in motion. - Kepp hands, feet and clothes far from moving parts. Prior to service in the machine: 1. Park the machine on the level ground. 2. Lower the bucket to the ground. 3. Switch off the Auto-Idle (A/I). 4. Let the engine idle with no load for at least five minutes until it has cooled down. 5. Move the key-start switch to the OFF position to stop the engine. 6. Relieve pressure from the hydraulic system by cycling control levers several times. 7. Remove the ignition key from the start switch. 8. Apply the "Maintenance in progress" tag . This tag can be applied o the left-hand control lever, safety lever or cab door. 9. Move the safety lever (pilot-control shut-off lever to the LOCK position. 10. Let the engine cool down. - Do not leave the machine unattended if servicing requires the engine running . - If the machine is to be raised, place boom and arm at an angle 90 to 110°. Lock machine components which should be raised for maintenance or repair using suitable supporting means. - Never work under a machine kept raised by the boom. - Inspect certain component regularly, repair or replace as necessary. Refer to the the OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTION MANUAL. - Keep all components in good condition and properly install. Immediately repair any fault. - Immediately repair any damage.Replace worn or failed components. Remove grease, oil, debris build-ups. - Disconnect the negative cable (−) from the battery before carry out any work on he electrical sysem or arc-welding on he machine.
S0053
S0054
S-15
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WARN OTHERS OF SERVICE WORK • Unexpected machine movement can cause serious injury. - Before performing any work on the machine, attach a maintenance in progress tag. This tag can be applied o the left-hand control lever, safety lever or cab door.
S0055
SUPPORT MACHINE PROPERLY • Never attempt to work on the machine without securing the machine first. - Always lower the attachment or tool to the ground before working on the machine. - If you must work on a lifted machine or attachment, securely support the machine or attachment. - Do not support the machine on cinder blocks, bollow tires, or props that may crumble under continuous load. - Do not work under a machine that is supported solely by a jack.
S0054
STAY CLEAR OF MOVING PARTS • Entanglements in moving parts can cause serious injury. • To prevent accidents, care should be taken to ensure that hands, feet, clothing, jewelry and hair do not become entangled when working near rotating parts.
S0056
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