Hafiz Azman 779902 Journal Part A

STUDIO AIR Hafiz Azman | 779902 | 2018

INTRODUCTION

Hafiz Azman | 22 | Malaysia | Architecture

Designing Environment Im currently in year 3 of Bachelor of Environment and majoring in Architecture. Architecture is the one of my interest since i was young, i was so fascinated with the building and skyscapers whenever i was travelling around. I noticed there were so many differences and styles and i always wondering who built that and how they did that. Since then, arhitecture has became my passion and i really want to be an Architect so that i can design my own building and influences the new generation to create something that might be useful and beneficial to the people as well as create a better future by designing.

Since i starts my studies here, I developed my skills and knowledges in architecture as well as in construction by the subjects provided. The images shown are some of the example of my works throughout my studies here for 2 year now. I hope i can achieve more great things and new experiences this year and finish my studies with flying colours.

Site Tectonics

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CONCEPTUALISATION

Studio Earth

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Digital Design & Fabrication

Studio Water

CONCEPTUALISATION 3

TABLE OF CONTENTS A | Conceptualisation A.1 Design Futuring

-Case Study 1

-Case Study 2 A.2 Design Computation

-Case Study 1

-Case Study 2

A.3 Composition / Generation

-Case Study 1

-Case Study 2

A.4 Conclusion A.5 Learning Outcomes A.6 Algorithmic Sketches A.7 References A.8 Images Sources

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ONCEPTUALISATION

A.1| DESIGN FUTURING

Design Futuring is a something that we have to put into account for some reasons. Anything can happen in the future, we can’t accurately predict it but we do can prepare for the it, for any uncertainty that might happen. This can be done by focusing on a various alternatives since the aim of design futuring itself is on thinking about alternatives futures.

An extensive research approach that comprises of a multiple ways to consider potential, preferred or avoidable futures.

We are living in the 21st century where we had been using all natural resources since forever, and also it is undeniable that the rate of destruction and pollution has increase and will keep increasing over time as well as the climate change that might affect the world we are living now.. Thus, in order for us to solve this problem is by do something, something that will avoid this problem prolonged. Sustainability or green concept of design would definitely save the environment and help to avoid more severe problem from happening in the future. With the help of the technology nowadays, we can be create lot of great things for the future. Moreover, sustanability not only can be achieve through the change of design process and techniques but, it also can be achieved by the ideology and the entire mindset of the society. Things won’t change if you are not even try to change it thus, design for the future so that we can see the future later on.

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CONCEPTUALISATION

“as technology expands the reach of mind, a comprehension of what it actually is and ontologically designs diminishes.”

- Tony Fry, Design Futuring

CONCEPTUALISATION 7

CASE STUDY 1 Project

: Bank of America Tower

Architects

: 1. COOKFOX Archietcts,

2. Adamson Associates Architects

Location

: Manhattan, New York City

Date

: 2009

The US$1 billion dollar , 366m skyscaper of Bank of America Tower (BOAT) in Manhattan is the fourth tallest building in New York City and is nominated as one of the most ecologicallly friendly and most efficient building in the world.

The various sustainable and efficiency features of the building itself already define the meaning of design futuring. Basically, the building was built mostly by using the recycled material and resources for example like fly-ash where it save 45% of the cement that would be used in concrete structures and also used recycled steel and other recycled materials. For me , the use of recycled material and resources to built a new building is a good deal since, we can save much more resources for the future and reduce the carbon footprint as well.

Other than that, the building alone generate 70% of annual electrical power needs and about 30% of peak demand which is the highest electricity usage experienced at once by natural gas-fueled power plant that is located onsite The building can saves 100 million gallons of water annually by the use of waterless urinals and the rainwater been collected on the roof and been stored. This method should be implemented by every commercial and large scale building since water is one the most important resource, thus saving water as much as possible would bring positive impact for the future.

The roof level of the building play an important role where it collect the fresh air and treat it by highly efficient filter before being distributed to indoor spaces. The building once again do the job by filters the air again before it is exhausted to the outside which make the air much cleaner. This will benefit the environmental quality which is very accurate with design futuring.

1) “Bank of America Tower.� Bank of America Tower - Green Education Foundation | GEF | Sustainability Education, www.greeneducationfoundation.org/green-building-program-sub/case-studies/892-bank-of-america-tower.html.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

CASE STUDY 2 Project : Dubai Expo 2020 Sustainability Pavilion Architects

: Grimshaw

Location

: Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Date

: 2020

The Pavilion of Dubai Expo is inspired from the complex natural process, for example like photosynthesis. The idea is to create a dynamic structures that are able to capture energy from the sun and fresh water from the humidity in the air 2. This is such a new thing that are created specificly to be put at places with hot and humid climate in order to obtain enough energy from the sun as well as high humidity to get fresh water. Since the world are getting a little bit hotter a certain places due to drastic climate changes, this kind of design would be a good example of design futuring where it does capable to become self-sustaining even though in extreme climates.

Moreover, the sustainability pavilion will be demonstrate the effectiveness of solar energy, water harvesting as well as material optimization. The pavilion itself will generates its own power with large Photovoltaic panels (PV)that are aim to draw energy from the sun more efficiently.

It is also noticed that, there are series of “Energy Trees” will functions as solar panels to absorb as much energy from the sun. The “Trees” themselves also have the ability to generate water from the open air.

The pavilion comprises of 8000sqm of exhibiton space, an auditorium, a courtyard and a reservoir as well as the roof structure that a designed to be over-arching to provide shade.

I would say this pavilion is sustainable with the new innovation that are inspired by the mechanism of the photosynthesis and the uses of (PV) panel to generates electricity.

2) Lynch, Patrick. “Grimshaw to Design Sustainability Pavilion at Expo 2020 Dubai.” ArchDaily, 8 Sept.

2016, www.archdaily.com/794961/grimshaw-to-design-sustainability-pavilion-at-expo-2020-dubai.

3) Stevens , Philip. “Expo 2020 Dubai: Grimshaw Plans Sustainability Pavilion.”

Designboom | Architecture & Design Magazine, 19 Jan. 2017, www.designboom.com/ architecture/expo-2020-dubai-grimshaw-sustainability-pavilion-01-19-2017/.

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CONCEPTUALISATION

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6 CONCEPTUALISATION 11

A.2 | DESIGN COMPUTATION

Generally, Design Computation is the process of study and practice via application and evolution of ideas and techniques in computing.

This method has helped many architects and designers from struggling when they were doing their work back then. It actually changed the way we design something from the uses of tradtional method which is hand drawing to logical thinking and to digitally with the help of algorithms and parameters. Design computation was designed to help and enhance the process of encoding design decisions through a computer language. It assists and automate many aspects of the design process with the aim to produce high quality and unique design forms. The ultimate goal of this practices aren’t necessarily to get and document the end result but also the steps or the processes that are required to produce that particular result.

The computational technology has re-defined architecture practices since it help the designers to make a scriptable variances to generate differential advanced solutions within the design operations.

It does changed the architectural practices in the “Computational, Topology, conceptual realm, kinetic and dynamic system as well as the genetic algorithms�. All the works of designing or architectural practices are now became more convincing, efficient, accurate and save much more time. This also will offers much more possibilities of great things in the future since the medium to design something is more practical.

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CONCEPTUALISATION

“The computational way of thinking of working augments the designer’s intellect and allow us to capture not only the commplexity of how to build a project but aslo the multitude that are instrumental in a buildings formation”

- Brady Peters

Algorithmic thinking is the ability to understand, execute, evaluate and create algorithmis

- Wayne Brown

CONCEPTUALISATION 13

CASE STUDY 1 Project

: Beijing National Stadium

Architects

: Herzog & de Meuron

Location

: Beijing, China

Date

: 2008

The Beijing National Stadium was designed by Herzog and de Meuron, and Chinese architect Li Xinggang. This stadium also known as the “Birds Nest” and was built for the summer 2008 Olympics. The gridshell of this “Bird Nest” look very complex from the elevation view. The structural steel members also look so random and not in order. Although it does look like that, it is actually carefully intergrated. The architects had to face many challenges to make it as a buildable structure. The computational process were used in order to mass-customize each steel members.

Moreover, every single part of this steel body is consistently interconnected to each other producing a from a like web where it enhances the aesthetics value from both exterior and interior.

Without the help of the computational process, this stadium might not be existed. This design of the stadium was undergo parametricism process where it allow articulating programmatic complexity to be visible from the exterior that continously connects with the interior. From my point of view, architects can expose or exploit new possibilities in architecture by using parametricism.

It help the architects to think and explore beyond theories of architecture and produce something that is unique, a structure without limit or rational boundaries. However, all these only can be done with the help of computational techonolgy.

4) Yeasmin, Tanjina. “Beijing National Stadium.” ARC239 Parametricism, 31 Mar. 2014, arc239parametricism.wordpress.com/2014/03/25/beijing-national-stadium/#more-159.

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CONCEPTUALISATION

Figure 7

Figure 8

CONCEPTUALISATION 15

CASE STUDY 2 Project

: Reciprocal Frame

Designers

: Nathan Melenbrink, Samo Perdersen,

Sibu Raman

Location

: University of Nottingham

Date

: 2010

This is the pavilion that was built by the students with the collaboration with the University. The Pavilion is called Reciprocal Frame since it comprises fo 3019 flat segments of notched of 18mm plywood where there are basically supporting each other.

The computational process has helped the parametric design of the pavilion where it has developed the design to make it works.. This is where the development of the structure occurred through a series of workshops on digital design and manufacturing. Basically, this can be done by using Grasshopper 3d, and a number of related plugins such as Kangaroo for physics simulation and optimization of structure, and Millipede for Finite Element structural analysis. It also undergo weeks of trials-and error tinkering with the actual model and actual size mockups to experiment the most appropriate materials, fabrication tehnologies as well as the assembly of the design.

The notches were developed through prototyping and laser-cutting. An interative design process was done by the student to identified an appropriate notch dimension. Thus, it enchance the assembly of the design and allow the displacemenet rotation of the plywood. Consequently, the Grasshopper definition was edited to include a variable notch size. Through this method, each notch would be loose enough to receive its neighboring pieces yet tight enough for the overall stability and rigidity of the pavilion.

5) “Plywood Pavilion Houses Graduate Exhibition.” Arch2O.Com, 10 Dec. 2017, www.arch2o.com/ plywood-pavilion-houses-graduate-exhibition-nathan-melenbrink-samo-pedersen-and-shibu-raman/ 6) Miller, Reed. “Reciprocal Frame by Nathan Melenbrink, Samo Pedersen and Shibu Raman.” Frame Publishers, 21 Oct. 2014, www.frameweb.com/news/reciprocalframe-by-nathan-melenbrink-samo-pedersen-and-shibu-raman.

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CONCEPTUALISATION

Figure 17

Figure 8 Figure 9

Figure1015 Figure

Figure 16 Figure 11 CONCEPTUALISATION 17

A.3 | COMPOSITION / GENERATION

Computational design is actually going through a change of its focus from the highlighted formal principles to functional one in order to adapt social values for example like the efficiency of material and the sustainability. Computation has helped in generating of ideas and resolutions that are mostly based on complex situation.

From the reading, Brady Peters says that, when we are no longer need to talk about the digital as something different and when architects have adequate understanding of the algorithmic concepts , thus, the computation can become a dependable method of design for acrhitecture. This saying really hits me up because it was so accurate and practical.

Basically, we are depending on computation to design, and with sufficient knowledge about it like how it works would be achievable and that is what we already have today.

The computational design is also generative due to its good response to material system and the environments of the building throughout the design process, rather than just because of its capacity to analyse them. In return, the final design output will attain optimal spatial, material qualities as well as the efficiency among the given local surroundings.

With the advancement of technology that we are having today, it is vital to incorporate it into the design process in order to completely use the reward of computation in architecture. All the design process via computation needs to be more compromising in order to back up the generative approach in giving design potentials as well as having the capability to accomodate alterations that are based on the targets of the design. Thus, in order to deal with the changing parameters throughout the design environment, computation need to be apply as a right tool rather than just as a single crafting tool where the intention of design is unclear.

“When architects have a sufficient understanding of algorithmic concepts, when we no longer need to dicuss the digital as something different, then computation can become a true method of design or architecture�

- Brady Peters

CONCEPTUALISATION 19

CASE STUDY 1 Project

: Research Pavilion 2014-2015

Architects

: ICD/ITKE

Location

: Stuttgart, Germany

Date

: 2014

The concept of the design of the pavilion is based on the generative design and focus on study of biological construction processes for fiber-reinforced structures. The design itself was inspired by the water spider’s underwater web constrcution where the design does not require complex formwork and are capable of adapting to the varying demands of the individual constructions and thus make these processes applicable for applications in architecture with the help of robotics equipment.

Throuhout the process form, the fibre-reinforced strcutures is highly customized in material-effective and in a functional intergrated way. The construction processes of the water spiders web was examined and analyzed by underlying behavioral patterns and design rules, simulated and transferred into a technological fabrication process. The computational processes itslef simulated the construction behaviour of the water spider’s web and producing various paramater of the fiber orientation as well as its densities.

The ICD / ITKE Research Pavilion has shown a demonstration of advanced computational design, simulation and manufacturing techniques in architecture. This generative concept aslo produce a sustainable final result due to the efficiency of the material construction process where it allow more potentials of adaptive robotics method in architecture.

6) “ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2014-15.” Institute for Computational Design and Construction, icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=12965.

7) Cosma, Ana. “ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2014-2015 | University of Stuttgart.” Arch2O.Com, 10 Feb. 2016, www.arch2o.com/icditkeresearch-pavilion-2014-2015-university-of-stuttgart/.

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CONCEPTUALISATION

Figure 12

Figure 13

Figure 14 CONCEPTUALISATION 21

CASE STUDY 2 Project

: HygroScope: Meteorosensitive Morphology

Architects

: Achim Menges Architect

Location

: Paris, France

Date

: 2012

This project by Achim Menges is exploring a fresh mode of responsive architecture with the combination of material underlying behaviour and computational morphogenesis.This is where an architectural morphology climate response is constructed by using the dimensional instability of wood in relation to moisture.

The myriad mechanical and electronic sensing, prompting and influencing devices enable the climate-resposiveness in architecture.

The system is actually reacts relatively to the change of humidity within its microenvironment of the glass case. For example, the surface of porosity to breathe and ventilate of the moisture saturated air is changed by the system when the level of humidity rises. Other than humidity, the system behaviour also can be influnced directly if climate the change.

In this project the computational design exploration and the related development of the generative code is as crucial as the material system research. The way machine computation is used to generate the system is directly related to the way material computation is employed to enable the system’s responsiveness. The data for physically programming the behaviour of the system during the fabrication process corresponds with digitally programming the code that unfolds the systems morphology. Thus computation and materialisation are inherently and inseparably related.

8) “HygroScope: Meteorosensitive Morphology.� Achimmenges.net, www.achimmenges.net/?p=5083 22

CONCEPTUALISATION

Figure 9

Figure 10

Figure 11

CONCEPTUALISATION 23

A.4 CONCLUSION

Throughout Part A study, it clearly shows the understanding of the architectural concept and design approaches that are more into sustainability, that we are actually design for the future as well as the technological development in term of computational and the algorithmic processes that will help us to achieve it. These are obtained through the studies of the precedences and their thereotical concepts that somehow allow us to develop our idea on how sustainable designs works and what will actually happen in real world situation by doing some experiments and illustration or demonstration. Through this way, we can analyse the precedence more critically by looking at the influences and the effects of computational capabilities towards the contemporary design that reflected design solution, producing legit outcomes of sustainability.

The computational approaches in designing with the aid of technological advancements in architecture reallly changed the ways of designers and architects in the past to think, explore and solve the problems especially in parametric design. What it really does was, it enables further exploration of the complex things in term of shape, geometry, connection as well as it brings out the full potential of materiality and make those things are buildable in some way. This method of computational approaches will definitely change the future to be much more promising and sustainable thus all the bad expectations of the future can be wiped out.

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CONCEPTUALISATION

A.5 LEARNING OUTCOMES

This study really opens my eyes as well as my mind where i see lot of new things that are beyond my expectation. Sustainable design of the predecent buildings and computational approaches in architectural design where parametrics forms are created makes me excited the most.

It completely changed my understanding of design which i found it was something impossible to create at first, but it ended up happening. All these things are actually achieveable through computational approaches. The readings provided each weeks gave me wide understanding regarding the theories the practices in acrhitecture. However, sometimes i also got confused between design futuring and composition/generation because somehow i feel like are both actually produced the same outcomes but perhaps in a different way? Still, meaning that i have to keep exploring those parts more often to get a better understanding.

Other than that, I learned new things from this task. For example, i learned how to explore parametric design and practices via computational tools. Exploring the algorithms in Grasshopper was very confusing at first, but once i know the functions of every tools in Grasshopper, it will be much easier in the future. For me, the most important part would be the relationship of the tools, how one tool is going to affect the whole design if different tool is connected to it. That is something that im getting to used to it and i believe i’ll be familiar with those thing soon.

CONCEPTUALISATION 25

A.6 ALGORITHMIC SKECTCHES

These are some of the algorithmi from the week 1 till week 3. Basic based on the video tutorial provi the tools on grasshopper to crea

I made - Triangulation algorithms

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CONCEPTUALISATION

- loft the curves

- Transforms, contour

- Driftwood surfaces

- Gridshell

ic skecthes that i made cally i just make my design ided. i experimented some ate various kind of forms.

s

CONCEPTUALISATION 27

A.7 REFERENCES “Bank of America Tower.” Bank of America Tower - Green Education Foundation | GEF | Sustainability Education, www.greeneducationfoundation.org/greenbuilding-program-sub/case-studies/892-bank-of-america-tower.html.

Lynch, Patrick. “Grimshaw to Design Sustainability Pavilion at Expo 2020 Dubai.” ArchDaily, 8 Sept.

2016, www.archdaily.com/794961/grimshaw-to-design-sustainability-pavilion-at-expo-2020-dubai.

“Domus.” ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion, www.domusweb.it/en/news/2015/07/14/icd_itke_research_pavilion.html.

Yeasmin, Tanjina. “Beijing National Stadium.” ARC239 Parametricism, 31 Mar. 2014, arc239parametricism.wordpress.com/2014/03/25/beijing-national-stadium/#more-159.

“Plywood Pavilion Houses Graduate Exhibition.” Arch2O.Com, 10 Dec. 2017, www.arch2o.com/plywoodpavilion-houses-graduate-exhibition-nathan-melenbrink-samo-pedersen-and-shibu-raman/ Miller, Reed. “Reciprocal Frame by Nathan Melenbrink, Samo Pedersen and Shibu Raman.” Frame Publishers, 21 Oct. 2014, www.frameweb.com/news/reciprocalframe-by-nathan-melenbrink-samo-pedersen-and-shibu-raman.

“Arch2O-ICD-ITKE-ResearchPavilion2015-28.” Arch2O.Com, www.arch2o.com/icditke-researchpavilion-2014-2015-university-of-stuttgart/arch2o-icd-itke-researchpavilion2015-28/.

“Teaching by Doing: A Research Pavilion in Stuttgart.” Detail-Online.com, 15 Mar. 2018, www. detail-online.com/article/teaching-by-doing-a-research-pavilion-in-stuttgart-14263/.

“HygroScope: Meteorosensitive Morphology.” Achimmenges.net, www.achimmenges.net/?p=5083.

Stevens , Philip. “Expo 2020 Dubai: Grimshaw Plans Sustainability Pavilion.” Designboom | Architecture & Design Magazine, 19 Jan. 2017, www.designboom.com/architecture/ expo-2020-dubai-grimshaw-sustainability-pavilion-01-19-2017/.

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CONCEPTUALISATION

A.8 IMAGES SOURCES Figure 1, https://archpaper.com/2011/02/lighting-one-bryant-park/ Figure 2, https://www.flickr.com/photos/39086290@N06/16188292275 Figure 3, http://nyclovesnyc.blogspot.com.au/2012/07/bank-of-america-tower-at-one-bryant.html Figure 4, https://www.archdaily.com/794961/grimshaw-to-design-sustainability-pavilion-at-expo-2020-dubai Figure 5, https://www.archdaily.com/794961/grimshaw-to-design-sustainability-pavilion-at-expo-2020-dubai Figure 6, https://www.archdaily.com/794961/grimshaw-to-design-sustainability-pavilion-at-expo-2020-dubai Figure 7, https://www.flickr.com/photos/looksgood/14622692965 Figure 8, https://haltermag.com/herzog-de-meuron/ Figure 9, https://www.frameweb.com/news/reciprocal-frame-by-athan-melenbrink-samo-pedersen-and-shibu-raman Figure 10, https://www.frameweb.com/news/reciprocal-frame-by-nathan-melenbrink-samo-pedersen-and-shibu-raman Figure 11, https://www.frameweb.com/news/reciprocal-frame-by-nathan-melenbrink-samo-pedersen-and-shibu-raman Figure 12, https://www.arch2o.com/icditke-research-pavilion-2014-2015-university-of-stuttgart/ Figure 13, https://www.metalocus.es/en/news/new-icditke-research-pavillion-2014-15 Figure 14, https://www.arch2o.com/icditke-research-pavilion-2014-2015-university-of-stuttgart/ Figure 15, https://www.detail-online.com/article/teaching-by-doing-a-research-pavilion-in-stuttgart-14263/ Figure 16, https://www.detail-online.com/article/teaching-by-doing-a-research-pavilion-in-stuttgart-14263/ Figure 17, https://www.detail-online.com/article/teaching-by-doing-a-research-pavilion-in-stuttgart-14263/

CONCEPTUALISATION 29