V YA GE R
THE VOYAGER GOLD RECORD
WELCOME TO STORY’S THE VOYAGER GOLD Magni officate nim eatio. Nempore mquamus ulparch icatur, odit provid essit et auta corerum es ea verum vel mos as et qui cum accaborio te pro velit volores reror antem qui qui ant officim illaut quiatiae minis eos sequi sequatio ipsanime et volupti omnis endant, ipis id eossiti doloribus voloruntiur adis solore cusandi tem consedis cus, a dit audigenis quam, testor a evellaccum adist di nam dit eicipit fuga. Um litatem ollorum ius non peditas ilit aut ex et quodis erspic temporiam, estiur simosa antum que si a simus resed quis mintem voluptio. Et porate eatur re num fuga. Nam ium fugitatiaeri ut quidita exceatis eliquam res sum, sinctate latemporest, culparum si quam, quist as rerrum et voloreperum endam, inci ute et inctur rerum que nam, sima idus eveliqu istinih icitium unt ommossi nctios dolore nis quos corehenieni veniatent. Seque planitae debitatatur, qui sit, elendig endenimus vero berrum dolutatia doluptatis di nos am, qui volupta am quae debist escit occusandae odi blacea vella volupture volorpor molupti andictios quis untibus. Cum res ped qui in plaboreicia aut odi doluptatius, solor sandam fugit atat optaquam quos ab il molorum eum ipsae.
Story about the voyager gole record
Design Tra My Image Internet
01
CONTENT 01 History
02 What are the contents of the Golden Record?
03 The Golden Record Cover
04 Making of the Golden Record
05 Journey
02
01
HISTORY’S VOYAGER GOLD REVORD
source: nasa
03
01
“This is a present from a small, distant world, a token of our sounds, our science, our images, our music, our thoughts and our feelings. We are attempting to survive our time so we may live into yours.” President Jimmy Carter
04
THE VOYAGER GOLD RECORD
V
O
Y
A
G
E
R The Voyager 1 probe is currently the farthest human-made object from Earth. Both Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 have reached interstellar space, the region between stars where the galactic plasma is present. Like their predecessors Pioneer 10 and 11, which featured a simple plaque, both Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 were launched by NASA with a message aboard—a kind of time capsule, intended to communicate to extraterrestrials a story of the world of humans on Earth.
02
WHAT ARE THE CONTENTS OF THE GOLDEN RECORD?
source: nasa
07
02
“The spacecraft will be encountered and the record played only if there are advanced spacefaring civilizations in interstellar space.”
Carl Sagan
08
The contents of the record were selected for NASA by a committee chaired by Carl Sagan of Cornell University, et. al. Dr. Sagan and his associates assembled 115 images and a variety of natural sounds, such as those made by surf, wind and thunder, birds, whales, and other animals. To this they added musical selections f rom different cultures and eras, and spoken greetings f rom Earth people in f ifty-f ive languages, and printed messages f rom President Carter and U.N. Secretary General Waldheim. Each record is encased
in a protective aluminum jacket, together with a cartridge and a needle. Instructions, in symbolic language, explain the origin of the spacecraft and indicate how the record is to be played. The 115 images are encoded in analog form. The remainder of the record is in audio, designed to be played at 16-2/3 revolutions per minute. It contains the spoken greetings, beginning with Akkadian, which was spoken in Sumer about six thousand years ago, and ending with ollowing the section on the sounds of Earth, there is an
eclectic 90-minute selection of music, including both Eastern and Western classics and a variety of ethnic music. Once the Voyager spacecraft leave the solar system (by 1990, both will be beyond the orbit of Pluto), they will f ind themselves in empty space. It will be forty thousand years before they make a close approach to any other planetary system. As Carl Sagan has noted, “The spacecraft will be encountered and the record played only if there are advanced spacefaring civilizations in interstellar space. But the launching of this bottle into the cosmic ocean says something very hopeful about life on this planet.”
The def initive work about the Voyager record is “Murmurs of Earth” by Executive Director, Carl Sagan, Technical Director, Frank Drake, Creative Director, Ann Druyan, Producer, Timothy Ferris, Designer, Jon Lomberg, and Greetings Organizer, Linda Salzman. Basically, this book is the story behind the creation of the record, and includes a full list of everything on the record. “Murmurs of Earth”, originally published in 1978, was reissued in 1992 by Warner News Media with a CD-ROM that replicates the Voyager record. Unfortunately, this book is now out of print, but it is worth the effort to try and f ind a used copy or browse through a library copy.
source: nasa
03
THE GOLDEN RECORD COVER
source: nasa
11
03
In the upper left-hand corner is an easily recognized drawing of the phonograph record and the stylus carried with it. The stylus is in the correct position to play the record from the beginning. Written around it in binary arithmetic is the correct time of one rotation of the record, 3.6 seconds, expressed in time units of 0,70 billionths of a second, the time period associated with a fundamental transition of the hydrogen atom.
12
GOLDEN RECORD
The drawing in the lower left-hand corner of the cover is the pulsar map previously sent as part of the plaques on Pioneers 10 and 11. It shows the location of the solar system with respect to 14 pulsars, whose precise periods are given. The drawing containing two circles in the lower right-hand corner is a drawing of the hydrogen atom in its two lowest states, with a connecting line and digit 1 to indicate that the time interval associated with the transition f rom one state to the other is to be used as the fundamental time scale, both for the time given on the cover and in the decoded pictures. Electroplated onto the record’s cover is an ultra-pure source of uranium-238 with a radioactivity of about 0.00026 microcuries. The steady decay of the uranium source into its daughter isotopes makes it a kind of radioactive clock. Half of the uranium-238 will decay in 4.51 drawing shows the typical signal
drawing shows the typical signal that occurs at the start of a picture. The picture is made f rom this signal, which traces the picture as a series of vertical lines, similar to ordinary television (in which the picture is a series of horizontal lines). Picture lines 1, 2 and 3 are noted in binary numbers, and the duration of one of the “picture lines,” about 8 milliseconds, is noted. The drawing immediately below shows how these lines are to be drawn vertically, with staggered “interlace” to give the correct picture rendition. Immediately below this is a drawing of an entire picture raster, showing that there are 512 vertical lines in a complete picture. Immediately below this is a replica of the f irst picture on the record to permit the recipients to verify that they are decoding the signals correctly. A circle was used in this picture to ensure that the recipients use the correct ratio of horizontal to vertical
Electroplated onto the record’s cover is an ultra-pure source of uranium-238 with a radioactivity of about 0.00026 microcuries. The steady decay of the uranium source into its daughter isotopes makes it a kind of radioactive clock. Half of the uranium-238 will decay in 4.51 billion years. Thus, by examining this two-centimeter diameter area on the record plate and measuring the amount of daughter elements to the remaining uranium-238, an extraterrestrial recipient of the Voyager spacecraft could calculate the time elapsed since a spot of uranium was placed aboard the spacecraft. This should be a check on the epoch of launch,
source: nasa
The Golden Record cover shown with its extraterrestrial instructions
04
MAKING OF THE GOLDEN RECORD
source: nasa
15
04
Many people were instrumental in the design, development and manufacturing of the golden record.
16
MANUFACTURING Blank records were provided by the Pyral S.A. of Creteil, France. CBS Records contracted the JVC Cutting Center in Boulder, Colorado to cut the lacquer masters which were then sent to the James G. Lee Record Processing center in Gardena, California to cut and gold plate eight Voyager records. Gold plating took place on August 23, 1977; afterward, the records were mounted in aluminum containers and delivered to JPL. The record is constructed of gold-plated copper and is 12 inches (30 cm) in diameter. The record’s cover is aluminum and electroplated upon it is an ultra-pure sample of the isotope uranium-238. Uranium-238 has a half-life of 4.468 billion years. The records also had the inscription “To the makers of music – all worlds, all times” hand-etched on its surface.
source: nasa
05 JOURNEY source: nasa
19
05
Voyager 1 was launched in 1977, passed the orbit of Pluto in 1990, and left the Solar System (in the sense of passing the termination shock) in November 2004.
20
source: nasa
VOYAGER GOLD RECORD
. It is now in the Kuiper belt. In about 40,000 years, it and Voyager 2 will each come to within about 1.8 lightyears of two separate stars: Voyager 1 will have approached star Gliese 445, located in the constellation Camelopardalis, and Voyager 2 will have approached star Ross 248, located in the constellation of Andromeda. In March 2012, Voyager 1 was over 17.9 billion km from the Sun and traveling at a speed of 3.6 AU per year (approximately 61,000 km/h (38,000 mph)), while Voyager 2 was over 14.7 billion km away and moving at about 3.3 AU per year (approximately 56,000 km/h (35,000 mph)).[30] In May 2005, it was reported that Voyager 1 had entered the heliosheath,[31] the region beyond the termination shock. The termination shock is where the solar wind, a thin stream of electrically charged gas blowing continuously outward from the Sun, is slowed by pressure from gas between the stars. At the termination shock, the solar wind slows abruptly from its average speed of 300–700 km/s (670,000– 1,570,000 mph) and becomes denser and hotter.
Of the eleven instruments carried on Voyager 1, four are still operational and continue to send back data. It is expected that there will be insufficient energy to power any of the instruments beyond 2025. On September 12, 2013, NASA announced that Voyager 1 had left the heliosheath and entered interstellar space,[32] although it still remains within the Sun’s gravitational sphere of influence.
THE GOLDEN RECORD Pioneers 10 and 11, which preceded Voyager, both carried small metal plaques identifying their time and place of origin for the benefit of any other spacefarers that might find them in the distant future. With this example before them, NASA placed a more ambitious message aboard Voyager 1 and 2, a kind of time capsule, intended to communicate a story of our world to extraterrestrials. The Voyager message is carried by a phonograph record, a 12-inch gold-plated copper disk containing sounds and images selected to portray the diversity of life and culture on Earth.