TECHNOLOGY EXPLORATION REPORT P30034 2014/15
Ida Ab Razak 13022652
INTRODUCTION Design Brief
research QUESTION Free speech is essential for a vibrant culture and a democratic society, yet spaces for public expression seem harder and harder to find in the places where we live, work and play. What does a space for free speech look and feel and sound like? Can they be designed? Are there places in Detroit where we can design them?
Fig. the journalist hat
A lost symbol for the investigative and expressive writer. What could be the modern symbol of honest and accurately representative reporting?
Enabling the community-led media to have a prominent voice through printed publications. To let Detroit begin to rebuild the city with participatory decisions. Dissemination of ideas and empowerment throughout the city and peripheral suburbs that make up the human-capital of the city. Giving voice to those excluded from and misrepresented by the dominant media;
Fig.Positive News Detroit Issue 1
Fig. Positive News Detroit Issue 2
Fig. Detroit News; the Flipside
A response to “pick and choose journalism� to higlight and build constructively on the optimistic industries. Publications and media coverage on positive issues can create optimism and motivation.
identifying movements of expression in Detroit
TIMELINE OF mARCHES & RIOTS [1701 - 2014]
Site Analysis
1. former detroit free press building 1 2. former detroit news building 3. current detroit free press offices
SITE: FORMER DETROIT FREE PRESS BUILDING 331-399 & 615 W LAFAYETTE STREET, DETROIT, MI
larger detroit area
FORMER DETROIT news building 331-319 W LAFAYETTE ST.
FORMER DETROIT FREE PRESS BUILDING 1 615 W LAFAYETTE ST.
CURRENT DETROIT FREE PRESS BUILDING 152 W FORT ST.
fig. Detroit Downtown in 50 years: According to the Detroit Future City Document, the area in which the former Detroit Free Press Building is located is planned to be developed as a light-industrial area. The design proposal should take this into consideration in advance, to not only relate to the context, but also benefit from the future developments there as a network of resources.
Precedent Study
PRECEDENT STUDY 1 Paper Architecture Structural Paper (i) Paper Tubes Structural Properties: The February 2011 Christchurch earthquake (magnitude 6.3) inflicted crippling damage on the Christchurch Cathedral which was the symbol of city. In response to this situation, Shigeru Ban was asked to design new temporary cathedral. Other materials used include a concrete foundation on top of which sit 8 shipping containers. These containers run down either side of the nave and serve not only as the cathedral’s walls but also as functional office spaces, toilets and even a small chapel. These shipping containers are likewise given additional structural strength due to steel bracing hidden within them. A number of interesting material details include a crucifix above the alter which is made out of cardboard, along with the choir stalls and moveable pulpit. Stained glass used for the windows was etched with images of the cathedral’s destroyed predecessor.
(a) model; proposed structural A-frame
(c) interior view
(b) connection detail
(d) exterior view of the Christchurch Cathedral
Architect: Shigeru Ban Project Name: Christchurch Cardboard Cathedral [top]
(i) Paper tubes of the equal length and 20 ft containers form triangular shape. It rises 21 metres above the altar. (ii) Materials used include 60cm diameter cardboard tubes, timber and steel. The roof is of polycarbon, with eight shipping containers forming the walls. (iii) the completed roof features 98 cardboard tubes, each 20 m in length, 600 mm in diameter and 120 kg a piece. There is a 5 cm gap between the tubes so light dramatically falls in between. (iv) This cathedral has a capacity of 700 people
(fig.) The proportions of the Chameleon Cabin give a nod to the Swedish friggebod, a three-metre high garden shed with a floor area of 7 m². [right] The former ChristChurch Cathedral, which was significantly damaged in the 2011 Christchurch earthquake.
(e) complex steel connection with steel bracing
(f) large-scale paper columns
The budget for the cathedral was nearly $7 Million (NZD) and the building has a footprint of approximately 775 m2. However, the cardboard tubes faced a number of challenges and setbacks. Firstly, uncharacteristically high amounts of rainfall in spring 2013 left a number of the cardboard tubes soggy. The soaked cardboard then had to be cut out and replaced. The tubes are now covered with a polycarbonate lid. A greater challenge was finding a local source of cardboard tubes. (g) simple connections using nails
(h) other uses; paper tube bridge, France (2007)
(v) Coated with weatherproofing and fireproofing paint, the tubes certainly form a robust and unique interior environment. (vi) Instead of a replacement rose window, the building has triangular pieces of stained glass.
PRECEDENT STUDY 1 Paper Architecture Structural Paper (ii) Waste Paper Bales The PH-Z2 “Mobile Working Space” utilises recycled paper in the form of waste paper bales forms the load bearing structural material. The main idea of the project PH‐Z2 based on the use of secondary raw material waste paper. Old packaging material from the supermarkets (paper type: Department store paper B19) are collected separately and pressed on the recycling under high pressure into bales. In addition, their aim was to develop a building concept based on current issues for environmental, sustainability and energy efficiency.
Structural Properties:
(a) windows
(b) exterior view
(i) The bales of waste paper used in this case have dimensions of 1.40 m / 1.10 m / 0.80 m and a weight of about 500 kg. A total of 550 of these balls fitted with a total weight of 275 tonnes. (ii) The Zollverein area volume has outside dimensions of 40 x 9 meters and a floor area of 185 square meters.
(c) interior view (fig.) recycling of recyclables wastepaper bale production made into FH-Z2 and made into usable paper once more.
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The positive characteristics of the material make it possible to design a system which combines the load‐ bearing and insulating properties in one.
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The construction costs over conventional construction can be reduced by up to 40% as development of the prototype at the Zollverein World Heritage Site, was negatively affected due to lack of identification and reference values to begin with. This had to be established through research and experimentation.
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The wastepaper bales [“Altpapierbar” in German] are multi-functional and is used for entertainment as well as toilets.
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The space can be used for exhibitions, press conferences, product presentations, fashion shows
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The bales have great sound insulation properties and allows the accomadation of concerts.
(d) entrance to “mobile working space”
Architect: Drazt&Dratz Arkitekten Project Name: PH-Z2 Mobile Working Space
(iii) The building geometry has been derived after the historic architecture model of the mastaba (predecessor of the Egyptian pyramid). (iv) Because of the predominantly positive characteristics, the design has applied the idea for an international patent. (v) It is the first building that was built from waste paper bales.
PRECEDENT STUDY 1 Paper Architecture Structural Paper (iii) Modular Paper Elements Structural Properties: Cooperating with a marketing agency and a printing shop offered architect Mattias Lind the opportunity to work intensively with paper. His experiments and research surrounding this renewable commodity have shown great potential. Because the constant developments in cutting tools are making it easier to realize complex, digitally designed shapes, the future could see more architecture made of paper. The Chameleon Cabin project has already given us a compelling prototype. The idea was to show off the printing expertise of Göteborgstryckeriet. The house is constructed entirely from paper which has ben printed with a marble pattern. (a) interior view, windows
(b) side elevation
(i) The paper summerhouse comprises 95 modules and weighs 100 kg altogether.
(c) white from a perspective
(d) black from opposite perspective
Architect: Mattias Lind, White Arkitekter, Sweden Project Name: Paper House, Chameleon Cabin
(ii) The prefabricated components are made of 2 mm-thick sheets of corrugated paper measuring 1,200 X 1,600 mm, known in Sweden as Miniwell. (iii) Despite their thinness, this material is said to be both stable and durable. (iv) The modules can be quickly assembled and disassembled in situ. (v) The roof is attached by means of a plug-andsocket system similar to the Lego principle.
(fig.) The proportions of the Chameleon Cabin give a nod to the Swedish friggebod, a three-metre high garden shed with a floor area of 7 m². These sheds can be erected without a building permit. [right] A traditional Swedish friggebod summerhouse.
(vi) This building-block construction makes it possible to extend the paper accordion to a length of 100 metres.
This corrugated paper cabin designed by architect Mattias Lind is printed to resemble black marble on one side of the folds and white marble on the other so it looks different from either . As well as the folded elevations, the two gable ends are also printed in corresponding shades so that the entire building looks black or white depending on which side it’s viewed from. A bright yellow interior provides a contrasting warmth that also covers the window reveals. (e) assembly of the “chameleon cabin”
PRECEDENT STUDY 2 Paper Architecture Printing Press Toronto Star Newspaper
This precedent is a buildings in which the spatial configurations are determined by printing and journalism as the main programme. This is demonstrated very thoroughly by the Toronto Star Building in Canada, whereby the process of power generation too is included in the programme of the building. The whole 22-storey building is dedicated and spatial-specific process from start to finish; energy generation to the printed newspaper point of distribution.
Architect: Chapman and Oxley Architects Project Name: Star Building, Toronto, 1922
Fig. Section of the Toronto Star building, clearly showing the program and flow of the different processes throughout the building.
Left: view looking up to the Toronto Star building, at King and Bay Right: Toronto cityscape in1922 Bottom: Representation of the facade of the building
Fig. The Toronto Star Press Room
In the days before television and radio became established sources for breaking news, the Star regularly used the street outside its headquarters to deliver public bulletins. During major stories, people crowded the street, which was also home to the Globe and Mail (the pointed tower in the background of the second image) to snatch a copy of the latest edition of the paper. The Star also regularly set up baseball and hockey scoreboards outside the main entrance, as seen above. Below, sports journalists at work.
Fig. The Toronto Star Press Room
(a)
Specifically programmed spaces: (a) Star Newsroom (b) The ornate lobby of the Star Building (c) Star Newsroom at the new 80 King St W Location
The Toronto Star had also created a culture of news and journalism, creating scenes on the street and making the public eager to get their copy of the news. This reception of news is not as it is now, with an almost disconnect when it comes to digital news.
(b)
Right: A paper salesman sells The Star on the street Below: News-hungry Torontonians clamor for a copy of The Star
(c)
PRECEDENT STUDY 3 Paper Architecture Paper, Other Uses: Translucency & Temporary Structures
Paper is also used in other ways in architecture that are non-structural. Its light and translucent properties appeal to a calm and lit ambient. Paper is also recycable, easy to attain and shape, therefore it is well suited to be used in emergency situations.
Fusionner, comes from a French word meaning to merge. There is a three-dimensional curved surface cave made by papers hanged side-by-side. The holes on the facade let the comforting light comes inside.
A table made of artificial marble, drawn by height variations form a free curved surface and seems to float.
Architect: Kotaro Horiuchi Project Name: Fusionner 2.0-Paper cave
The structural system of topiaries in the tree forms [right] acts mainly in compression and bending. Reversing this, Orproject can obtain a geometry that performs as a tensile system.
Architect: Orproject, London Architecture Studio Project Name: Glowing Indoor Forest
Architect: Naoya Matsumoto Design Project Name: Yorunoma bar, Osaka
Architect: Ming Tang, Competition Entry Project Name: Folded Bamboo + Paper House, 2008
Material Exploration
Paper Architecture can be: • • • • • Shigeru Ban writes that he, “is often asked how long paper architecture can last.” He counters this with his own question, “How long do you think concrete architecture can last?” One hundred years is a typical answer, to which he replies: “concrete buildings are prone to earthquakes and other natural deterioration. Moreover, developers are highly motivated to tear down the old to make way for the new, so it is unlikely that most concrete buildings erected today will see their centennial. On the other hand,” he continues, “the Paper Church, built after the 1995 Hanshin earthquake, was used and cared for with true devotion for decade on the same spot, whereupon it was moved to a Taiwan refugee camp and given a new life.” Thus he says, the crucial factor in whether a building will last is not the material it’s made from but the affection it is shown by those who use it. (Miyake, 2009 ,p188)
Recycled Stylized Pre-fabricated Made into Mobile Structures Reinforced / Used as a composite material
Paper Architecture is: • • • • • • • • • • •
Light in weight Create light filtering effects Cheap Stable: Able to withstand strong vibrations Acoustically advantaged Flexible to be shaped into different forms Stable dimensions (does not expand and contract like wood) has no scrap value, will not be stolen Easy & Quick to Construct Consistent in strength & size Isotropic (its properties are the same in all directions as a result of no grain), so has no tendency to split.
Although, Paper Architecture is also: • • • • •
Generally used in temporary structures Soaks water although able to dry out again Catches fire easily Chemical treatment may cause irritation to people handling the material Denser than plywood or chipboard (if the binding resins used are heavy)
EXPLORATION 1 Paper Bricks: Method & Production
EXPLORATION 1 Paper Bricks: Photos
Below is the recorded process of making the paper bricks. Changes are made to the normal paper brick is made to make the brick structural and treat the bricks in addressing its issues with waterproofing and fire-proofing. Process What to do What to avoid 1. Prepare the paper
2. Soak the paper
3. Pack the brick maker
4. Place the cover on and prepare to press.
Shred the paper into small pieces. Collect the material in a pile. Prepare other mixing agents that may help the brick bind that may be used, in the case, cement was used. [Other options, wax, resin, lime mortar, sand]. Preparations for different type bricks: Brick A : Paper Brick B : Paper + Cement + Sand Brick C : Paper + Cement + Sand + Plastic
Large pieces of paper will make the brick have less density therefore less strength. Varied sizes of paper will cause the brick to have a strength distribution that is not the same throughout ares in each individual brick. This happens with wood grains and knots.
Put the shredded paper into a bucket and cover it with hot water, so that the paper soaks the water easily and able to expand to turn into pulp faster. Stirring the mixture can help it soak and turn into pulp faster.
Cold water works too but may take longer to soak into the paper. Avoid putting too much water to ensure easier pressing and the brick will dry quicker too.
Place the open brickmaker on grassy, flat ground in your garden. Push each little bundle of paper in firmly and flatten it a little so that the other pieces overlap and interlock. They need to be able to ‘grab’ onto each other when the water is pressed out.
This experiment is careful to consider the unknown strength of a paper brick and precautions should be made to keep it in shape before loading it.
I have used a plastic punched with holes to line the bottom of the press as it the stability of the brick is not yet established. this makes it easier to move into the cardboard sleeves so that it can be transported. Position the metal plate over the top of the wet paper. It should rest just within the black metal frame. Then using only ONE hand, raise and position the metal cross bars. There’s a right way and a wrong way for the bars to cross. They should rest ‘smoothly’ together. If not, alternate their position.
Don’t catch your fingers between the bars. Use one hand, hold the handle, and move each bar individually until you are confident you know how to cross the bars safely.
Shredded paper from magazines and newspapers
Paper pulp: Paper and hot water and thoroughly mixed together
Material preparation for Brick C: Paper + Cement + Sand + Plastic
components of the paper brick press: a) pressing and main mould b) brick holder c) pressing element
Plastic bags made into liners. Punched holes to allow water to run through.
Cardboard sleeves to keep and easily transport sample bricks
Paper Bricks: Photos
5. If water collects on the top press element,simply pour out the water before continuing to compress the brick.
Process What to do What to avoid
5. Press the water out
6. Remove the wet brick
7. Dry the bricks
8. Treatment
Using either hands or foot can work. Put on a work boot or strong shoe then position your foot directly over the cross. Gently increase the pressure to squeeze the water from the paper.
Don’t jump, bash or break the brick maker. Just step down firmly and evenly where the bars cross. Increase the pressure with your foot, then release it, gently forcing the water out.
Open the cross bars and remove the frame that holds your new brick. There is enough flexibility in the base plate to stretch it out a little as you release the brick. Hold the base plate vertically and release the brick onto its side to rest on a flat surface.
If the water is not running freely enough onto the grass below the brick maker, it might pool on the top. Just pour the water off and press with your foot again until the brick has compressed into a firm and solid shape.
You can make these paper bricks at any time during the year, but obviously they will dry faster in summer. They take a few days to dry, so I have placed the bricks under s cover and put them on a waterproof material like plastic.
Leaving the bricks out without a cover may result in the bricks absorbing alot of rain and making them multiple times longer to dry.
There is potential for this material to be made more fire-proof and water proof. Mixing in existing waterproof materials like plastic make the brick more waterproof to begin with.
Adding to many foreign objects to the brick will make the brick less stronger compared to having it made primarily out of paper pulp and binding materials.
Based on studies of other paper architecture, access to polyurethane can improve the features of the brick. For industrial scale use, wax and resin binder may be used just as it would be used in medium-density fibreboard. 9. Start Building!
Bricks can take many formations and also can be experimented to be in different shapes, have notches/indents and also designed to be interlocked. Addition of holes or indents allow the bricks to dry faster, use less material, weigh less, provide a key for mortar to lock the bricks together.
Brick C: made with cement, sand and plastic using the same technique.
Having a good over hang and other construction measures that avoid the brick being too exposed is predicted to make the brick last for longer.
Clean the surface after use as paper pulp residue usually remains after the process.
A typical paper brick made for purposes of feeding a fire in place of firewood. Firewood usually needs to be collected and be chopped before use. Paper bricks are lighter and makes use of waste paper.
EXPLORATION 1 Paper Bricks Initial Testing Framework
EXPLORATION 1 Paper Bricks: Photos of Finished Product
Above: Top face of the pressed bricks A & C with indents made because of the holes to drain the water when pressing. Right: Brick sleeves and transporting the samples Below: Header face of Bricks A & C
Brick A 100% Paper [Paper made into pulp using water then press out & dried]
Brick B 5:5:1 Paper : Sand : Cement
Brick C 5:5:5:1 Paper : Sand : Plastic : Cement
EXPLORATION 1 Potential Paper Bricks Designs
EXPLORATION 1 Potential Paper Bricks Designs
EXPLORATION 1 Application of Paper Bricks in Construction
Design Concept
Each different organisation will have a space to become their own editorial yet still be apart of a network to resources and other like-minded organisations. Within the shell of the Former Detroit Free Press, are individual shells, made to reorganise, and re-wire Detroits network of independent and valiant media entities. Their aim is to become a beacon of expression of the true Detroit voice in printed form. They fight for security in finding shelter and access to water, education and livelihoods in troubling times for the Motor City.
EXPLORATION 2 Paper Tubes: Material Properties
Ave rag e compressive stre ng th of the tube wa s 1 1 3 .9 kg f/ cm 2 The paper architecture used in most of Shigeru ban’s architecture consists of tube elements. This addresses a specific type of load-bearing that has a high compressive strength. [113.9kgf/cm2 for the Paper House Project, Lake Yamanaka, Yamanashi, Japan, 1995 ]
A large percentage of dimensional change of a paper tube is caused by relative humidity. When put to test under a torque wrench at different temperatures, the results showed that dimensional changes due to creep were minimal.
D ime n sional changes are due to relative humidit y
EXPLORATION 2 Paper Tubes: Application in Construction
Wr inkles are limited to the upper par t of the span center.
Existing methods of connecting the paper tubes. Primarily from Shigeru Ban temporary and long-term pper tube structures. (a) The joints here are die-cast aluminium and different types are used depending on how many tubes are joined together.
T he bending stre ng th i s more than 1 . 42 times the compressive stre ng th . Stif feners can be added throug h in s er tion to pre ve nt local defor mation , (b) The connections here use a wire addition to the steel connectors. A bridge is a pure form of structural strength, yet the paper tubes still can take complex forces.
Young Modulu s in the bending test wa s equal to that in the compression test. [ 2 4 . 6 x 1 0 3 kg f / c m 2 ]
July,2013: A worker surveys water damage to the cardboard cathedral columns after recent rainstorms. Chunks of warped cardboard columns had to be cut away for replacement.
The stiffness (or elasticity) of the paper tubes can be characterised as it is consistent in quantity in the bending and compressive tests or shows little difference.
The paper tower uses a different kind of joint, with steel used instead of aluminium. The joints here block off the end of the tubes then a central piece protrudes out to bolt to a circular piece of steel. The joints look reasonably flexible vertically, although the horizontal joints are reinforced to prevent movement. This tower has the same slick simplicity as the boathouse. It is clear to see how the detailing of the connections has changed since the first use of paper tubes in the Library for a Poet; with the newer joints being both cheaper to mass produce and simpler. (c) The Paper Tower
EXPLORATION 2 Modelling with tubes
Considering the shape of a paper tube. A proximate test was done with straws as they have the same loading system as a paper tube would have. This test was done to explore the different forms the structure can take. Additionally, the test was done to see the load bearing properties on a relatable scale.
EXPLORATION 2 Straws: Load-bearing tests
(i) Preparation of the tube structures. They should be structured to have a flat-surfaced top, and reasonable amount of points transferring the load to the table surface. a) Model A - Tower Model b) Model B - Closely-arranged columns c) Model C - Polygon Structure (ii) In this test, I have placed a piece of cardboard on top of the flat surfaced model so that the weight of the load does not act as a singular point and displace only one part of the model.
(iii) Identify 3 objects that have substantially different weights to act as loads. They should be different enough to see how far the material can take loads.
Table. Test results showing what load the 3 different straw models can sustain. Biscuits (0.3 kg)
Bottle (0.8 kg)
Paper Brick (1.1 kg)
Model A
Stable
Deformed
Collapse
Model B
Stable
Stable
Stable
Model C
Stable
Collapse
Collapse
Load (kg) Model
EXPLORATION 2 Paper Tubes: Applicaton in Construction The paper tubes have been used by Shigeru Ban since 1989, and developed from the basic columnal load system to more complex connections. In this study, designs or different new connections are explored, inspired by similar materials such as bamboo. Bamboo too takes a tube shape, but has a tendency to split. The paper tube may suited to the advancements of bamboo connections, but additionaly because it does not split may make it a stronger connection.
Building Programme
The combined building typologies would mean the programmes may overlap. Mapping the programmes and corresponding spatial needs can illustrate the relationships that may be present.
building programmes
MAPPING NEWPAPERS CARTOGRAPHY DISTRIBUTION
MAGAZINES PRINTING
RETAIL
pROGRAMMES
BOOKS
RECYCLING DIGITISATION
PRODUCTION
SOCIAL MEDIA
ONLINE PUBLICATIONS
PUBLIC SPEAKING
by detroiters for Detroit This diagram identifies collectively-run & independent bodies working to provide a forum for education, debate, and dialogue around the political issues affecting our communities; all of which benefit from the dissemination of their ideas physically or by giving them a voice. Each organisation explores the arts and culture that makes Detroit such a unique place.
Detroit Future City
MAPPING THE STRAIT
about: drawing on the best local and national talent as well as the insights of tens of thousands of Detroiters, the Detroit Future City Strategic Framework was released. The DFC Strategic Framework is a highly detailed long term guide for decision–making by all of the stakeholders in the City.
about: Written by a Detroit native and an urban planner in the city. The website specializes in land use planning, economic development, and spatial and numeric data analysis. The blog stems from the author’s love of his hometown and interest in using maps to explore complex issues.
products: Annual report document [The DFC Strategic Framework]
products: Explorations of Detroit through Maps and Diagrams
VOICE OF DETROIT
DETROIT DECLARATION
about: The Voice of Detroit (VOD), founded in August, 2010, presents in-depth news stories on the people’s struggles, here in Detroit, nationally and world-wide. VOD also features commentary and announcements by progressive organizations of upcoming events. It is based in Detroit, Michigan. “The city’s independent newspaper, Unbought and unbossed”.
about: An organizing document for people who love Detroit, who sense that there is a growing tide of consensus about what our city must do differently to thrive, willing to invest time and energy into the political process to see that consensus emerge on a transformative scale. This is a movement to elect leadership in a new vision for Detroit who upholds the Declaration.
products: Newspaper and Website
products: Declaration Document and Potential Leaders
EASTSIDE COMMUNITY NETWORK
about: Michigan non-profit community development organization. ECN envisions a healthy, diverse eastside community of individuals, families, businesses, and organizations that guide its institutions, influences its development, and controls its destiny. Residents are the real agents of systemic change and must take leadership and initiative in organizing for that change and not wait for others to do it.
CRITICAL MOMENT
about: A collectively run independent newsprint magazine working to provide a forum for education, debate, and dialogue around the political issues affecting our communities. Each issue we also explore the arts and culture that makes Detroit such a unique place. products: Monthly Newspaper, for Detroit by Detroiters
products: Community Empowerment Organisation BUILDING MOVEMENT DETROIT
DETROIT FREE PRESS
about: The Detroit Free Press is the largest daily newspaper in Detroit, Michigan, USA. It is sometimes informally referred to as the "Freep". The Free Press is also the largest city newspaper owned by Gannett, which also publishes national newspaper USA Today. The Free Press has received ten 10 Pulitzer Prizes and 4 Emmy Awards. The newspaper's motto is "On Guard for 183 Years." products: Daily Newspaper FIFTH ESTATE
about: The Fifth Estate, founded in 1965, is an anarchist, anticapitalist, and anti-authoritarian, anti-profit project published cooperatively by a volunteer collective. We are committed to nondogmatic, action-oriented writing and activity to bring about a new world. We come from a diverse array of backgrounds and personal experiences, but share a common passion: to see anarchist ideas and messages brought to print and shared with people the world over. products: Monthly Anarchist Magazine
about: The Building Movement Project develops research, tools, training materials and opportunities for partnership that bolster nonprofit organizations’ ability to support the voice and power of the people they serve. products: Aid for nonprofit organisations SPACEMATTERS
about: Right-sizing the conversation about Detroit's future. The author has been awarded for fighting a year-long battle against the Coldwater High School administration to enforce bullying policies and start a Gay-Straight Alliance. He also just completed his most recent project, “ Queering the Apartheid City: Racial Liberalism and Detroit’s Suburban Gayborhood.” products: Articles that can be found Online, in Magazines & Newspapers. THE BOGGS CENTER
about: Our mission is to nurture the transformational leadership capacities of individuals and organizations committed to creating productive, sustainable, ecologically responsible, and just communities. products: Online resources and Activist networks
DANGEROUS DIRK COMIX
ANNENBERG FOUNDATION
about: Comics based in Detroit that explores polictics. Off the docks, he's 12 oz. of pure rodent mayhem and a tireless defender of working people everywhere. Shady politicians and corporate overlords be warned... Dirk is coming for you!
about: Family foundation established in 1989. Founded by Walter H. Annenberg, publisher and ambassador, the Foundation supports the worldwide community through its grantmaking, technical assistance and direct charitable activities including the Urban Network Detroit.
products: Comic Strips
products: Funding
BLAC DETROIT
about: BLAC is the premier lifestyle magazine for AfricanAmericans in and around Detroit. We cover the people, places and issues of importance to our community. We strive to be inclusive of the entire African Diaspora in our region, covering African descendants of various national and ethnic backgrounds. products: Magazine
URBAN NETWORK
about: Founded by Yusef Bunchy Shakur, the Urban Network is a multi-purpose, community-centered business consisting of a bookstore, an entertainment company, and a publishing outfit. Each subsidiary is an avenue for Shakur to “restore, rebuild and re-spirit from the ground up.� products: Bookstore
WE THE PEOPLE of DETROIT
about: Promotes community coalition building and provides mechanisms and vehicles intended to inform, train and mobilize the residents of Detroit to improve their quality of life. [Information, training & mobilisation] products: Grassroots Organisation
MODEL D
about: Launched on 2005, Weekly online magazine covering stories of creativity & innovation moving Detroit forward. Telling the story of what's next for Detroit. products: Magazine
THE MICHIGAN CITIZEN DETROIT EVOLUTION
about: A weekly aimed at African-American readers, and printed since 1978. Airing the views and news most important to black people, in a city that is overwhelmingly black. The Citizen was founded by community organizers & activists. Attempts to hold public officials and institutions accountable and shapes a distinctive voice in Michigan's media landscape.
about: Since 2006 we've resisted the status quo in Detroit by offering Food Education, Healthy Local Catering, Yoga, Bodywork, Sustainability Training & more! We strive for hyper-localism, and are honored to share our personal journey towards healthy, soulful, sustainable and relocalized lives.
products: Weekly Newspaper and Website
products: Food, Health, Family & Media RUSTBELT RADICAL
DETROIT DIGITAL JUSTICE COALITION
about: The Detroit Digital Justice Coalition is comprised of people and organizations in Detroit who believe that communication is a fundamental human right. We are securing that right through activities that are grounded in the digital justice principles of: access, participation, common ownership, and healthy communities products: Digital Justice Empowerment
about: The Rustbelt Radical is a personal blog. It is revolutionary, socialist and internationalist. It comes straight from the ravaged middle of the post-industrial American Midwest and yearns for the refounding of the Marxist project. The landscapes of radical history are my main interest, but other topics might include politics, economy, work, culture, war, theory, travel, music and frequent tubthumping for the free association of producers. products: Blog
Environmental Considerations
REFERENCES Bibliography
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• • • • • •
http://divisare.com/projects/168264-DRATZ-DRATZ-ARCHITEKTEN-PHZ2http://www.detail-online.com/architecture/news/paper-house-chameleon-cabin-by-white-arkitekter-024531.html
http://www.white.se/en/project/298-chameleon-cabin http://materia.nl/article/cardboard-cathedral/ http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/8937828/Rain-leaves-cathedral-tubes-soggy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardboard_Cathedral http://www.world-architects.com/pages/insight/materials-shigeru-ban http://www.bushywood.com/cement.htm