MARKET
ROOT[ED] 1
Design For Change The increased demand from a growing population is intensifying the pressures on our ecosystems and natural resources. It has forced us to alter our traditional farming techniques to practices that use nitrogenbased fertilizers to increase crop yields. Iowa, who devotes 89% of its land to farming now suffers water quality standards and irrecoverable soil depletion rates due to chemical runoff. If we were to continue down this path, Iowa’s soil will become unusable, and the state’s water undrinkable. Rooted seeks to place interventions in the system for managing resource resiliency by incorporating an aquaponics greenhouse, production center, market, and residential units within the city of downtown Cedar Rapids, Iowa. This program forms a closed loop system in an urban fabric that allows Iowa to maintain its rank as a top farming state while reducing its impact on the environment, and providing a basic need for surrounding community members.
B
B
A
A
23.7%
23.7
54.4
54.4%
21.8
21.8% Impaired
0-5.0
1/2 mile
Partially Impaired
5.1-10
1 mile
Meets water Quality standards
10.1-20
>1 mile
Water assessed in Iowa
Soil Depletion in Iowa in Acres/Year
To be considered impaired a river, stream, lake or wetland has failed to meet water quality standards for one SOIL IN IOWA or more ofDEPLETION its intended uses, such THE NATIONAL STANDARD TOLERABLE as drinking, or supporting RATE (T)recreation OF SOIL LOSS IS AN AVERAGE OF 5 TONS PER ACRE PER YEAR. aquatic life
The national standard tolerable rate (T) of soil loss is an average of 5 tons per acre per year.
20.1-50.0
Walk-ability to surrounding markets There are currently no markets within a one mile radius of downtown Cedar Rapids. This district serves a large commercial community.
AVERAGE SOIL EROSION (TONS/ACRE) 0-5.0
10.1-20.0
5.1-10.0
20.1-50.0
110°F 100°F 90°F
DAILY HIGH
Impaired 80°F 70°F 60°F
PARTIALLY IMPAIRED
TO BE CONSIDERED IMPAIRED A RIVER, STREAM, LAKE OR WETLAND HAS FAILED TO MEET WATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR ONE OR MORE OF ITS INTENDED USES, SUCH AS DRINKING RECREATION OR SUPPORTING AQUATIC LIFE
Water assessed in Iowa- Lakes, Rivers, JAN FEB Streams, and Wetlands
Winter wind
Summer wind
Sun path
4 IN 3 IN
50°F
MEETS WATER QUALITY 40°F STANDARDS 30°F 20°F 10°F 0°F
AVERAGE
5 IN
DAILY LOW
CITY AVERAGE
2 IN 1 IN
MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG
Air temperature
SEP OCT NOV DEC
0 IN
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG
SEP OCT NOV DEC
Precipitation
MARKET
Site Section AA’
Site Considerations
39%
of the year is passively comfortable
21%
internal heat gain
6%
of natural comfort and ventilation
Integrate alleyway and existing buildings
12% desiccant
Two of dehumidification the three vacant buildings on site were integrated into the design, maintaining the areas rich red brick. The existing alleyway maintains and is 9% passive solar gain serving as a plaza space where the building systems crossover.
2 Design 38% For Systems
Reuse building materials
Building geometry maximizes rainwater collection
Connection to green space
Brick was used from the demolished building for planter boxes to help offset project waste and support site ecology. The planters also contribute to the building’s thermal mass.
The building’s roof is designed to maximize rainwater collection by sloping toward the bioswale system to accumulate rainwater in the middle courtyard. This design also promotes natural ventilation.
The hard-space on our site was designed to create a strong urban connection to the newly renovated Green Square Park. This connection influences pedestrian traffic to continue on the path into the market.
3 Design For Discovery
of the site is dedication to vegetation
fruit and vegetables are grown each year in the green house Heating
74% of energy used Thermal Our building design was inspired is collected on siteby the close-looped system of aquaponics farming. We used this idea to integrate a closed-loop resource system into our site where growth, production, consumption and waste all 35 100%take storm place on our site. Major focused was placed on walk score water managed on incorporating otherwise wasted resources like aerobic site and scavenger heat back into our active systems.
Traditional life cycle
49% of water
5,490 pounds of food grown in the greenhouse each year
needs provided by captured rain
Efficient materials and insulation
33%
Butterfly Milkweed
of existing buildings demolished
Maximized daylighting
In downtown Cedar Rapids owning a car is essential for most travel
Ground source heat pump
80%
of demolished material reused on site
86%
95%
of spaces of spaces within 15 feet of have views to 15x crop 90% less fossil operable window outsideoutput per acre
74% of energy
used is collected on site
fuel emissions
Site’s closed-loop system
3
2
Pv panels
Prairie Buttercup
60%
of construction requires new material
hours lostoccupied to evaporation
48
34
BUILDING EUI
29
11
Clustered Poppy-Mallow
0
food miles traveled to our plate
Dye-sensitized solar panels on the horizontal and vertical facade diffuse harsh summer solar heat gain
Fixed shading systems on south facing facades diffuses heat gain in the summer
Plants absorb the nitrates as food. The plant roots in turn filter the water for the fish.
The bacteria, which is cultured in the grow beds as well as the fish tanks, breaks fown this ammonia into nitrities and then into nitrates
The plant roots filter the water for the fish.
4
5 3
Scavenger heat from market refrigerators contribute to thermal heating system
3
Clean water is siphoned into Plants absorb the with nitratesthe ammothe fish tank 4 as food. The plant roots in nia removed. turn filter the water for the
Fish are fed in a clean water tank and produce ammonia rich waste.
The bacteria, which is cultured in the grow beds as well as the fish tanks, breaks fown this ammonia into nitrities and then into nitrates
1
Plants absorb the nitrates as food. The plant roots in turn filter the water for the fish.
The bacteria, which is cultured in the grow beds as well as The plant 2 roots the fish tanks, breaks fown filter the water for the fish.this ammonia into nitrities and then into nitrates
fish.
2
1
Rush Aster
ENERGY CONSUMPTION PER FLOOR AREA
100% less
Grey water from apartments are reused in the aquaponic farming system
77% of spaces
daylight during 80% less water
Buffalo Grass
1.500 less
soil used
Roof slopes toward inner courtyard to maximize rainwater collection to bioswale system
Solar Energy
Rainwater recycling Aquaponic’s closed-loop system and filtration
100%
of grey water reused in the aquaponic farming system
5 Design For Ecology
4 Design For Resources
4,590 pounds of
5
Fish are fed in a clean water tank and produce ammonia rich waste.
Brick was repurposed from the demolished building to create aesthic planters beneath the window that double as additional thermal mass
Clean water is siphoned into the fish tank with the ammonia removed.
1
Unlike traditional farming aquaponics gets its water source from below, allowing for the system to reuse grey water without contaminating the ebdible part of the plant
The plant roots filter the water for the fish.
4
5
Clean water is siphoned into the fish tank with the ammonia removed.
Fish are fed in a clean water tank and produce ammonia rich waste.
Two buildings share water storage system
Aerobic heat from natural decomposition of deficient plants cycled into thermal heating system
Heat gain from greenhouse is fanned down and stored in the thermal mass below the greenhouse and release when temperatures drop at night
Dye-sensitized solar panels produce a red glow from the diffused sunlight that expediates the photosythesis process in the plant grow beds
CEDAR RAPIDS PUBLIC LIBRARY
Exterior view toward the Cedar Rapids Public Library
6
2
4
1
3 5
9
Class visit to greenhouse production space
7
24’
0’
Ground floor plan
6’
12’
39%
of the year is passively comfortable
21%
internal heat gain
21% internal
heat gain
6%
39%
of natural comfort and ventilation
8
of the year is passively comfortable
12%
21%
desiccant dehumidification
9%
passive solar gain
12% desiccant
dehumidification
m d on
er d by
internal heat gain
6%
of natural comfort and ventilation
12% desiccant dehumidification 38% of the site is
9%
solar gain
38%
100%
0’ water reused walkinscore
the aquaponic First and second floor plan
farming system
38%
of the site is dedication to vegetawalk score tion
74%
100% of grey 35
captured rain
fruit and vegetables are grown each year in the green house
74% 4,590 pounds of fruit and vegetables are grown each year in the green house
of energy used is collected on site storm water managed on site
49% of water 100% of 1. grey Cafeneeds provided by water reused in
4,590 pounds of
of energy used is collected on site
of the site is dedication to vegetation
74%
Market interior view
dedication to vegetation passive
6’
35
of energy used In downtown Cedaris collected on site Rapids owning 24’a car is essential for most travel
12’
5,490 pounds
100% of food grown in 5. Produce Grow Beds
storm water managed on site
the greenhouse
6 Design For Community Maximized daylighting
In downtown Cedar Rapids owning a car is of essential for most travel fruit and vegetables are grown each year in the green house
4,590 pounds
Unit plan
86%
6’
each year
on site
Efficient materials and insulation Pv panels
Ground source heat pump
95%
of spacesCedar of spaces In downtown within 15 feet of a car is have views to Rapids owning used is collectedwalk scoreoperable window essential for most travel outside on site
74% of energy 35
Ground source heat pump
Maximized daylighting
0’ 3’
By integrating a market within the site, the program provides surrounding community members with the basic need of fresh meat and produce, and a café for health lunch options. An education center was 77% of spaces daylight during incorporated production space occupied hours 48 34 into 29 the 11greenhouse 0 EUI as a destination for visitors to tour the thatBUILDING serves and learn about the re-use of resources, 48 34 29 greenhouse 11 0 BUILDING EUI 77% of promoting spaces 95% of spaces constructive community interaction. daylight during have views to Efficient materials and insulation
each year 2. Market 6. Fish Tanks 86% of spaces pounds 77% of spaces of spaces 3. Production 5,490 7. Market Entrance/Interactive Space of grey within 15 feet ofGrow 95% 74%100% of energy of food grown in daylight during have views to water reused in used is collected operable window occupied hours outside 4. Education the greenhouse 8. Residential Units on sitethe aquaponic each year farming system Center/Plant 86% of spaces 9. Additional Compost/Equipment Storage 5,490 pounds 49% of water 74% of energy within 15 feet of of food grown in needs provided by used is collected Nursery operable window the greenhouse captured rain
the aquaponic farming system
Aquaponic vs. Traditional Farming
Efficient materials and insulation
90%
less fossil fuel emissions
15x crop
output per acre
80%
less water lost to evaporation
Maximized daylighting
Pv panels
Ground source heat pump
ENERGY CONSUMPTION PER FLOOR AREA
ENERGY CONSUMPTION PER FLOOR AREA
outside
occupied hours
48
Pv panels
34
BUILDING EUI
29
11
100% less
soil used
1.500 less
food miles traveled to our plate
0
ENERGY CONSUMPTION PER FLOOR AREA
Building Section BB’
Greenhouse interior view
7 Design For Energy To prevent over heating in the summer and freezing in the winter, collapsible insulation was placed in the greenhouse and market entrance to help maintain comfortable temperatures.
39%
of the year is passively comfortable
21%
internal heat gain
6%
of natural comfort and ventilation
Fish tanks
39%
of the year is passively comfortable
39% of the12%
desiccant dehumidification
21%
internal heat gain
year is passively 9% passive solar gain comfortable
Grow beds
6%
of natural comfort and ventilation
Grey water
38% 21% internal
12% 4,590 pounds 9%
desiccant dehumidification of fruit and vegetables are grown each year in the passive green house solar gain
of the site is dedication to vegetation
heat gain
8 Design For Water
6%
Fish tanks 1. Rainwater is filtered through bioswale and transfered to apartment units
Grey water
74%
of energy used is collected on site
of natural 3. That water passes through the aquaponic filtration system and goes comfort and 100% storm to the fish tanks to restore any water ventilation water managed on site loss through evaporation
2. Grey water from apartment units is transfered to the aquaponic grow Grow beds beds and partially absorbed by the plants
35
walk score
100% of grey
49% of water
water reused in the aquaponic farming system
needs provided by captured rain
12% desiccant 5,490
solar gain
pounds
each year
Onions Leafy greens Grapes Apples Sweet Potatoes Potatoes Strawberries
74% 100%
of energy used is collected storm on site water managed on site
38%
of the site is dedication to vegetation
4,590 pounds of
fruit and vegetables are grown each year in the green house Desiccant Natural
74% ofInternal energy used
Natural Heat Gain Comfort Ventilation Dehumidification
is collected on site
86%
77% 35
95%
of spaces within 15 feet of operable window
of spaces daylight during downtown Cedar occupiedInhours walk score Rapids owning a car is essential for most travel
of spaces have views to outside
48
BUILDING
ENERGY CONSU
100% of grey
water reused in the aquaponic farming system
5,490 pounds
49% of water 74% of energy Summer Spring Winter of food grown in needs provided by used is collected the greenhouse captured rain on site each year Staggered plant cycle to maintain constant biomass output
86%
9
of spaces within 15 feet of operable window
Fall
h o
38% of the site is
Grey Water Sedimentation to remove suspended solids from water
Bioswale filtration system
Passive Solar Gain
of food grown in dehumidification the greenhouse
9% passive
Grey water system
In downtown Cedar Rapids owning a car is essential for most travel
dedication to vegetation
Centrifugal Motion to promote accelerated settling or solid particles
4,590 pounds of fruit and vegetables are grown each year in the green house
74% of energy used
Disinfecting and Filtration Storage to purify water from micro-organisms
is collected on site
35
100% storm
walk score
water managed on site
1
100% of grey
49% of water
needs provided by captured rain
1. Common nail 2. 1” Dry wall 3. 1/2” Wooden floor 4. 1/4” Pipes for radiant floor 5. 1/2” Insulation 6. 3/8” Aerated concrete 1. Air space 7. Brick Protection for foundation 2. Sheathing 3. Protective covering 8. Reinforced concrete foundation 1-1/2”rigid insulation 4. Concrete pad 5. 12 d common nail 9. Min. 1/2” anchor of bolts energy
5 2
6
water reused in the aquaponic farming system
7 3 10
9
4
8
In downtown Cedar Rapids owning a car is essential for most travel
5,490 pounds
74%
of food grown in the greenhouse each year
used is collected on site
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1. 8” Substrate soil 2. 3/8” Filter mat 3. 4” Drainage mat 4. 3/8” Moisture retention mat 5. 6” Insulation 6. 40 mm root stop membrane 7. 3/4” Waterproofing membrane
1. 8” Substrate soil 2. 3/8” Filter mat 3. 4” Drainage 4. 3/8” Moisture retention mat 5. 6” Styrofoam insulation 6. 40 mm root stop membrane 7. 3/4” Waterproofing membrane 8. 4” Insulation air space 9. Cladding
9. Cladding
1 9
7 8
2
3
4 5 6
1. Air space 2. Sheathing 3. 1-1/2” rigid insulation 4. Concrete pad 5. Common nail 6. 6” Insulation 7. 1/2” Drywall 9. Wooden floor 10. Radiant flooring
1. 12d Common nail 2. 1” Dry wall 3. 1/2” Wooden floor 4. 1/4” Pipes for radiant floor 5. 1/2” Insulation 6. 3/8” Areated concrete 7. Brick Protection for foundation 8. Reinforced concrete foundation 9. Min. 1/2” dia. anchor bolts
8
6. 4” Insula 7. 4” Dry w 8. Sealent 9. Wooden 10. Radian
w op