Architectural Thesis 2021 | Visitor's Center, Toranmal by Hitesh Patil

ARCHITECTURAL THESIS 2021

VISITOR’S CENTER, TORANMAL

HITESH DINESH PATIL 5TH YEAR B-ARCH | PRCA, LONI

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

DECLERATION This thesis titled Visitor’s Center, Toranmal has been carried out by the undersigned as a part of the Bachelors Program in the Department of Architecture, Pravara Rural College of Architecture, Loni – 413736, India under the supervision of Ar. Abhijeet Thombre (Design Guide) and Ar. Sonali Chaskar & Ar. Dipeeka Arbatti (Research Guide). The undersigned hereby declares that this is his original work and has not been plagiarized in part or full form any source. Furthermore, this work has not been submitted for any degree in this or any other University.

Hitesh Dinesh Patil Fifth year B. Arch Pravara rural college of Architecture, Loni

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that, Mr. Hitesh Dinesh Patil have completed his sessional work for the subject Architectural Design Project studying in Fifth year B.Arch. at Pravara Rural College of Architecture, Loni, affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune during the academic year 2020- 2021.

Internal Examiner

External Examiner

Stamp

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

AKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to begin by thanking my thesis mentor Abhijeet Thombre Sir, whose invaluable guidance and encouragement helped me push through this project, I would also like to thank express gratitude to my Research Guide, Sonali Chaskar Ma’am & Dipeeka Arbatti Ma’am whose inputs at all stages were incredibly valuable. I am highly indebted to all members of the Toranmal family for being extremely gracious and genial hosts in Toranmal, for introducing me to the wonderful hill station and its culture and for trusting me with this project. I am incredibly grateful to all the kind and welcoming people whom I encountered in Toranmal. This project is dedicated to them. I am exceedingly thankful to all the faculty members and friends I’ve made at PRCA for everything they’ve taught me and the support they’ve provided. I thank my family for being their amazing selves through the whole process and for taking care of me.

Hitesh Dinesh Patil

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

“Although I deeply love oceans, deserts and other wild landscapes, it is only mountains that beckon me with that sort of painful magnetic pull to walk deeper into their beauty. They keep me continuously wanting to know more, feel more, see more.” - Victoria Erickson

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

SYNOPSIS The chief aim of this topic as a Research and Thesis design project is to explore and experiment the lake Rejuvenation Systems in Architectural Project. Yashwant Lake, in the southern part of Toranmal plateau is a serene lake fully covered by thick vegetation on its banks. Currently it stands as a topographical depression growing with overgrown grass and garbage. The lake’s use as a dumping ground has raised health concerns for the local population. This can be countered by rejuvenating the Yashwant Lake. Toranmal fall under a typical category of nature heritage and has rich heritage monuments which provide physical evidence of its existence. The hill station carries on a dialogue with the yashwant lake, nature heritage sites, and the forest beyond. It is necessary that this nature be treated as an integrated entity for it to be conserve and managed and at the same time the essence of the hill station is to be maintained by creating awareness through the visitor’s center. This project is based close to the Toranmal Village in the far Northern state of Maharashtra. The research begins with exploring and understanding the society and locational issues of Toranmal. Studies and Analysis of the Rejuvenation Technique across the world is carried out while keeping in mind the scope of the industry here. Alongside, the tourism status and the potential of this breathtakingly beautiful land is also explored and the role this project can play in benefiting and benefiting from it are looked into. The research work includes site visits, interviews and related secondary studies. With a vision to create a celebration of Toranmal, a unique program is arrived at. An Appropriate local viable Architectural Style are suggested and applied. Learning from the research, site and technological studies combine to help arrive at the design proposal for a Visitors center. It hopes to act as a destination for tourist and pride for locals. Where the academic exercise ends, the interim product hopes to initiate furthers ideation, discussion and hopefully action for Nature heritage.

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

साराांश अनुसंधान और थीससस सिजाइन पररयोजना के रूप में इस सिषय का मुख्य उद्दे श्य िास्तुकला पररयोजना में झील कायाकल्प प्रणाली का पता लगाना और प्रयोग करना है। यशिंत झील, तोरणमल पठार के दसिणी भाग में एक शांत झील है जो पूरी तरह से इसके सकनारों पर घनी िनस्पसतयों से आच्छासदत है। िततमान में यह एक स्थलाकृसतक अिसाद के रूप में खडा है जो असतिृसि घास और कचरे के साथ बढ़ रहा है। िं सपंग ग्राउं ि के रूप में झील के उपयोग ने स्थानीय आबादी के सलए स्वास्थ्य संबंधी सचंताओं को बढ़ा सदया है। यशिंत झील का कायाकल्प करके इसका मुकाबला सकया जा सकता है। तोरणमल प्रकृसत सिरासत की एक सिसशि श्रेणी के अंतगतत आता है और इसमें समृद्ध सिरासत स्मारक हैं जो इसके अस्तस्तत्व के भौसतक प्रमाण प्रदान करते हैं । सहल स्टे शन यशिंत झील, प्रकृसत सिरासत स्थलों और उससे आगे के जंगल के साथ संिाद करता है । इसके संरिण और प्रबंधन के सलए यह आिश्यक है सक इस प्रकृसत को एक एकीकृत इकाई के रूप में माना जाए और साथ ही आगंतुक केंद्र के माध्यम से जागरूकता पैदा करके सहल स्टे शन के सार को बनाए रखा जाए। यह पररयोजना सुदूर उत्तरी राज्य महारािर में तोरणमल गांि के करीब स्तस्थत है। शोध की शुरुआत तोरणमल के समाज और स्थानीय मुद्दों की खोज और समझ से होती है। दु सनया भर में कायाकल्प तकनीक का अध्ययन और सिश्लेषण यहां के उद्योग के दायरे को ध्यान में रखते हुए सकया जाता है। साथ ही, पयतटन की स्तस्थसत और इस लुभािनी खूबसूरत भूसम की िमता का भी पता लगाया गया है और इससे लाभास्तित होने और लाभास्तित होने में यह पररयोजना भूसमका सनभा सकती है। शोध कायत में साइट का दौरा, सािात्कार और संबंसधत माध्यसमक अध्ययन शासमल हैं। तोरणमल का उत्सि मनाने की दृसि से एक अनूठा कायतक्रम तैयार सकया गया है। एक उपयुक्त स्थानीय व्यिहायत स्थापत्य शैली का सुझाि सदया जाता है और उसे लागू सकया जाता है। एक आगंतुक केंद्र के सलए सिजाइन प्रस्ताि पर पहुंचने में सहायता के सलए अनुसंधान, साइट और तकनीकी अध्ययनों से सीखना गठबंधन। यह पयतटकों के सलए एक गंतव्य और स्थानीय लोगों के सलए गित के रूप में कायत करने की उम्मीद करता है। जहां अकादसमक अभ्यास समाप्त होता है, अंतररम उत्पाद प्रकृसत सिरासत के सलए आगे की सिचारधारा, चचात और उम्मीद की कारत िाई शुरू करने की उम्मीद करता है।

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

Contents ................................................................................................................................................................... 9

CHAPTER 1 | INTRODUCTION ..................................................9 ABOUT TORANMAL ........................................................................................................................ 10 THESIS PROPOSITION .................................................................................................................... 13

CHAPTER 2 | RESEARCH ............................................................ 14 INTRODUCTION TO TOPIC ......................................................................................................... 15 METHEDOLOGY ............................................................................................................................... 17 POLICY FOR REJUVENATION OF YASHWANT LAKE .......................................................... 27 OBSERVATIONS ................................................................................................................................. 28 RESULTS ............................................................................................................................................... 28 ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................................................. 28 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................... 28

CHAPTER 3 | CASESTUDIES AND TECHNOLOGIES ......... 29 SANSKAR KENDRA, AHEMDABAD ............................................................................................. 30 AUROVILLE VISITOR’S CENTER .................................................................................................... 32 AJANTA VISITORS CENTER ........................................................................................................... 34 UTTARAYAN ART VILLAGE, VADODRA ...................................................................................... 37 CASE STUDY MATRIX .................................................................................................................... 41 TECHNOLOGIES USED .................................................................................................................. 42 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 42 ARCHITECTURE ............................................................................................... 43 STRUCTURE ...................................................................................................... 44 WATER | DEMAND CALCULATION ............................................................. 45 ENERGY | DEMAND CALCULATION ........................................................... 50 SERVICES | ER COMPOSTER FOR BIODEGRADABLE WASTE ............... 53

CHAPTER 4 | PROJECT PROFILE .............................................. 55 PROJECT VISION ............................................................................................................................... 55 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................................................... 57 PROPOSED AREA PROGRAM........................................................................................................ 58 READINGS OF AREA ........................................................................................................................ 62 7

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

CHAPTER 5 | ABOUT SITE ......................................................... 63 SITE SELECTION................................................................................................................................ 63 SITE ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................................... 68 SWOT ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................................... 71

CHAPTER 6 | ................................................................................... 72 DESIGN TRANSLATION .............................................................. 72 DESIGN DERIVATIVES ...................................................................................................................... 72 RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM OF PROGRAM COMPONENT.................................................. 74 SITE ZONING..................................................................................................................................... 74

CHAPTER 7 | DESIGN OUTCOME .......................................... 77 ARIEL VIEW OF SITE ......................................................................................................................... 77 SITE PLAN ............................................................................................................................................ 80 INDIVIDUAL BLOCK | DRAWINGS ............................................................................................ 84 3D VIEWS ............................................................................................................................................. 93 SITE 3D MODEL ................................................................................................................................. 97 ................................................................................................................................................................ 97

BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................................................. 98 APPENDIX ....................................................................................... 99

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

CHAPTER 1 |

INTRODUCTION

About Toranmal Thesis Proposition

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

ABOUT TORANMAL Toranmal is a Hill Station in the municipal council of the Nandurbar district in the Indian state of Maharashtra with an approximate area of 41.43 sq. kilometers. The plateau has a soccer like shape from which a stream flows across the plateau from south to north. In southern part of the plateau, stream is bounded and forms the Yashwant Lake which spans about 1.59 km2 and has a maximum depth of 27 meters. Further towards the north on the same stream is the Lotus Lake which derives its name from the fact that it is always covered with lotus flowers. Same stream jumps down the cliff in Sita Khai, into the gorge forming an enthralling waterfall in rainy season.

Fig1: Various tourist connectivity at Toranmal

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

ABOUT TORANMAL Toranmal is about 55 kilometers (34 mi) from Shahada city which is about 305 kilometers (190 mi) from Nashik and about 200 kilometers (120 mi) from Surat. Nearest railway station is Nandurbar which is about 76 kilometers (47 mi) and Dondaicha is about 75 kilometers (47 mi) km from Shahada Town. However, for approach from Mumbai 510 kilometers (320 mi), train station to approach is Dhule (90 km) or Chalisgaon (145 km.). Nearest Airport is Surat.

CULTURE

Bhil

Fig2: People of Toranmal

The Bhil are one of the largest tribal group, living in Maharashtra. The name is derived from word ‘Billu’, which means bow. The Bhil are known to be excellent archers coupled deep knowledge about their local geography. Traditionally, experts in guerrilla warfare. They are also skilled sculptors. Bhil has traditional medical specialists – Budwa (shaman) Huvarki (traditional birth attendant) Vaidu (herbalist) and Had Vaidu (bone setter) with some communities having male midwives. Bhil women wear traditional saris while men are dressed in long frock and pyjama. Woman put on heavy ornaments made of silver, brass along with rosaries of beads and silver coins and earrings.

“A Bhil clad in his finest for the Toranmal festival. Boys and girls gather in large number during such festivals as they provide an opportunity for them to choose their partners.”

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

POPULATION The Toranmal village has population of 2440 of which 1245 are males while 1195 are females as per Population Census 2011. In Toranmal village population of children with age 0-6 is 442 which makes up 18.11 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Toranmal village is 960 which is higher than Maharashtra state average of 929. Child Sex Ratio for the Toranmal as per census is 905, higher than Maharashtra average of 894. Toranmal village has lower literacy rate compared to Maharashtra. In 2011, literacy rate of Toranmal village was 60.71 % compared to 82.34 % of Maharashtra. In Toranmal Male literacy stands at 68.51 % while female literacy rate was 52.69 %. As per constitution of India and Panchayati Raaj Act, Toranmal village is administrated by Sarpanch (Head of Village) who is elected representative of village. Our website, don't have information about schools and hospital in Toranmal village.

ARCHITECTURE The Adivasi tribal of Khandesh build houses using mud bricks, straws and other natural materials. They build their houses with only two doors; the front end is used by men and the back door is used by women. These houses are rebuilt every 5 – 7 years. Though houses sometimes are built on flat lands, these tribes prefer sloping areas to avoid flooding due to rains. sloping roof is provided as the area lies under the high rainfall zone. Fig3: Houses of Toranmal

Fig4: Houses of Toranmal

Fig5: General Tribal Houses 12

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

THESIS PROPOSITION The chief aim of this topic as a Research and Thesis design project is to explore and experiment the lake Rejuvenation Systems in Architectural Project. Yashwant Lake, in the southern part of Toranmal plateau is a serene lake fully covered by thick vegetation on its banks. Currently it stands as a topographical depression growing with overgrown grass and garbage. The lake’s use as a dumping ground has raised health concerns for the local population. This can be countered by rejuvenating the Yashwant Lake. Toranmal fall under a typical category of nature heritage and has rich heritage monuments which provide physical evidence of its existence. The hill station carries on a dialogue with the yashwant lake, nature heritage sites, and the forest beyond. It is necessary that this nature be treated as an integrated entity for it to be conserve and managed and at the same time the essence of the hill station is to be maintained by creating awareness through the visitor’s center.

The proposition is to design, in the fringes of Toranmal, a Visitors center That is a pride of locals and a destination for tourist. A complex, it is to be suitable and homogeneous to the context. VISITORS CENTER TORANMAL The design complex hopes to act as not just tourist recreation and accommodation center, but also a destination itself, doubling up as a cultural and picnic spot for locals. It would help in stimulating the newly developing tourism industry in Maharashtra, providing spaces for local performances, exhibition and social gatherings.

Fig6: Proposed Design

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

RESEARCH

CHAPTER 2 | “Rejuvenation of Yashwant lake: Issues, Challenges and Opportunities”.

Introduction Methodology Policy for Rejuvenation of Yashwant lake Observation and Findings Result and Analysis Conclusion

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

“Rejuvenation of Yashwant lake: Issues, Challenges and Opportunities” ABSTRACT Yashwant Lake, in the southern part of Toranmal plateau is a serene lake fully covered by thick vegetation on its banks. Currently it stands as a topographical depression growing with overgrown grass and garbage. The lake’s use as a dumping ground has raised health concerns for the local population. This can be countered by rejuvenating the Yashwant Lake. What will be the effect of rejuvenation of Yashwant lake on the surrounding settlement? is the question raised. This place has a religious, tourist and geographical researching background. The main objectives are to, examine the lake in order to decide the process of rejuvenation, study and understand the issues faced by the visitors, study the scope for further development in the surrounding after the rejuvenation of the lake. The methodology of research is done by the data collection (primary data) and through case studies (secondary data). Data is collected through observation, satellite map, field studies. This paper summarizes the problem of Yashwant lake, the measures instituted to correct the problem and the result. The expected outcome of this research is the area lacks hospitality infrastructure, and have scope for tourism in that area. Keywords: Toranmal, dumping ground, rejuvenation, tourism

INTRODUCTION TO TOPIC Rejuvenation of lake provides alternate opportunities of water management. Today one of the problems is water crisis, in terms of quantity and quality. This is due to the decrease in fresh water availability (S. Sengupta and S. Dasgupta, 2012). When we observe the global distribution of water 3% of total water on the earth is fresh water, of which surface water constitutes 0.3%, ground water is 30.1%, icecaps and glaciers are 68.7% and others are 0.9%. Lakes, river and swamps constitute 87%, 2% and 11% of surface water respectively. Lakes are either natural or manmade. Lakes are important part of the ecosystem and play important role in microclimatic control, perform various environmental, social, Economic functions. Some of the direct and indirect uses of lakes are supply of water for house hold purposes, recharging ground water, flood control, providing biodiversity, recreational spaces to the societies (S. Sengupta and S. Dasgupta, 2012). The major issues faced by water bodies are lack of action plans, encroachments and violations of laws, solid waste deposit and polluted water (Govt. of NCT of Delhi, 2013). Through an intensive revival strategy, these water bodies can be brought back to health. Further, through improvement of water quality and groundwater recharge using rainwater harvesting the native ecosystems of the area can be reestablished over time which is crucial for provision of ecosystem services and for the biodiversity of the area (S. Sengupta and S. Dasgupta, 2012).

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

NEED OF RESEARCH Rejuvenation truly relates to the social cohesion. As Rejuvenation of lake provides alternate opportunities of water management. This place has a religious, tourist and geographical researching background so there is a need of development. The lake’s use as a dumping ground has raised health concerns for the local population. This can be countered by rejuvenating the Yashwant Lake.

AIM To study and analyze the impact of rejuvenation of Yashwant lake on its surrounding settlement.

OBJECTIVES •

To examine the lake.

•

To study different process of rejuvenation.

•

To study and understand problems faced by local peoples and visitors.

•

To study the scope for further development in the surrounding after rejuvenation of the lake.

SCOPE •

Rejuvenating the whole shoreline of the lake.

•

Rejuvenating the shoreline near settlement only.

•

As a tourist destination there will be scope for developing lakefront at Yashwant lake.

•

Strawberry is main byproduct so there will be scope for developing strawberry processing plant near Yashwant lake.

•

As a tourist destination there will be scope for developing hospitality infrastructure.

LIMITATION •

The research is limited only to the Rejuvenation of the shoreline near settlement.

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

METHEDOLOGY Detailed field study was carried out to assess the present status of Yashwant Lake. Different available literature regarding rejuvenation were studied for clear understanding of the topic. During field study village people around the Yashwant lake were consulted to know their problems METHODOLOGY (Primary data)

(Secondary data) Case study

Data Collection (Primary data)

(Secondary data) •Site context.

Live Site Visit ( Observation)

•Issues of the region. •Rejuvenation Process

(Primary data) Interview (Secondary data) Map

Fig7: Showing Research methodology

DATA COLLECTION

Fig8: statistics showing that Yashwant lake is contaminated

Inferences: 1. Yashwant Lake is Contaminated. 2. Of the whole survey the major percentage shows that the lake is contaminated so there is need of rejuvenation.

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

Fig9: statistics showing issue at Yashwant Lake

Inferences: 1. The major issue for the contamination of the Yashwant Lake is it’s use as dumping ground. 2. Sewage and wastewater also seem to be contributing for the contamination of Yashwant lake. 3. Overgrown grass and use of chemical fertilizer / pesticides not majorly contribute to the contamination of lake.

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

Fig10: statistics showing problems at Yashwant Lake

Inferences: 1. There is raise in the health issues due to contamination of Yashwant lake. 2. The surrounding environment and the ecology of the lake are also affected due to the contamination of lake 3. There is indirect effect on agriculture i.e., effect on economy.

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

PROCESS OF REJUVENATION OF INDIVIDUAL LAKE

Fig11: Steps involved in individual lake conservation Ref: IDCL (2009), development of lake conservation projects, India

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

CASE STUDIES This study compares two lakes (Chilika and Kankaria lake) which are rejuvenate and managed by governments and public commons. The study is carried out to understand: i) uses of the lakes; ii) issues of the lake before restoration; iii) Rejuvenation process; and iv) post- rejuvenation outcome. The study helped to understand the consequences of the rejuvenation and management due to change in management model.

STUDY AREAS Name of the Lake

Chilika Lake

Kankaria Lake

Location

Bhubaneswar, Orissa

Ahmadabad, Gujarat

Area

116,500hector

25.17 hector

Type

Natural lake (Brackish)

Artificial lake

Irrigation source

Yes

Source of drinking Water

Yes

Tourism Potential

Good

Introduction

Chilika Lake is a brackish water lagoon, spread over the Puri, Khurda and Ganjam districts of Odisha state on the east coast of India, at the mouth of the Daya River, flowing into the Bay of Bengal. It is the largest wintering ground for migratory birds on the Indian sub-continent. The lake is home to a number of threatened species of plants and animals.

It represents historical and cultural value. Ahmadabad Municipal Corporation backed by Gujarat Government took up the comprehensive lakefront precinct recreational Urban Space in the heart of the city of Ahmadabad. The lakefront was revamped in 2007―2008.

Table1: Introduction to study area

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

CHILIKA LAKE Ecological Use: It is the largest wintering ground for migratory birds (hosts over 160 species of birds) on the Indian sub-continent. The lake supports number of threatened species of plants and animals. It has rich biodiversity with variety of birds, vertebrate, marine, brackish and freshwater species and fisheries due to which it got place in Ramsar Convention for wetland. The lake is of great value in preserving genetic diversity (Rout, S. P., 2006.).

Fig12: wintering migratory birds (Ecology of chilika lake) (Source: CDA)

Economic use: The fishery resources sustain more than 0.2 million fisher–folk and 0.8 million watershed community living in 132 villages on the shore and islands. Apart from fishing 77% of the working population in peripheral villages is engaged in Agriculture which is dependent on Chilika Lake (Pattnaik, n.d.). International tourists and ecotourism contribute to the local economy. Issues: Increased siltation, degradation of the drainage basin, alteration of fresh water flow and decrease in salinity has resulted in shrinkage of water-spread area, loss of biodiversity and depletion of fishery resources. Tidal influx into the lake affected by the shoal formation and continuous shifting of the mouth of sea adversely affect the natural recruitment of species. Limited occupation opportunities and land holdings led to poverty and migration. Loss of biodiversity with decline in productivity adversely affected the livelihood of the community that depended on it. The conflict between fishermen and non-fishermen communities for fishing rights in the lake exist. Lack of institutional mechanism to regulate the common resources resulted in unsustainable and unbalanced resource distribution and use (Pattnaik, n.d.). Conservation Process: CDA adopted ecosystem approach to conserve this wetland by integrating local communities. Community’s capacity building was carried out with the help of local NGOs and was made aware about the ecological goods and services provided by the lake systems that contribute to their livelihood. Dangei Pahad micro watershed in degraded watershed areas is the success story with community participation. They have learned to use the watershed judiciously, not cutting the tress and planting more trees and conserving the watershed. More than 3,000 villagers including the women, children, are participated in this program. The problem of tidal influx was resolved by making a straight cut and bringing the mouth closer to the lake by 16 kilometers (Pattnaik, n.d.)

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

KANKARIA LAKE Ecological Use: It attracts birdlife (Centre of science environment, Amandeep Kang, 2013). Economic use: It acts as a Tourist place which attracts the people of all age group not only from India but also from abroad. It acts as a social performance and congregation platform for events like Ras Garbha, Kankaria Carnival and Dog show by Police. Fig13: Kankaria Lake before Rejuvenation (Source: Ranade, P. S., 2008)

Issues: This Lake is in danger of drying due to siltation and has reduced from 16-17 feet depth to 10-12 feet depth (Ranade, P. S., 2008). Conservation Process: AMC took up the work of de-siltation and cleaning of lake. They also developed Lake front providing facilities like Toy Train, Indoor sports Stadium, Laser show, Jogging Track, Aquarium, Zoo, Park (Nagina wadi), Amusement Park (Balwatika)Butterfly Park, Food Court, Lighting. The lake and garden attract people for walking, relaxing, yoga and running. AMC has decided to charge Rs 10 for entry ticket (IDC, 2009).

Fig14: Kankaria Lake after Rejuvenation (Source: Ranade, P. S., 2008)

OUTCOME AFTER CONSERVATION PROCESS Chilika Lake: 57% of government and research input and 43% of NGO and community’s involvement has resulted in the success of the conservation and management of the Chilika Lake. The participatory management of watershed and coastal process resulted in the functional integrity of ecosystem and enhancement of productivity thereby increasing per capita income of local community (fisherman, farmers and other dependent). Tidal influx problem and logging problem was resolved. Flora and fauna species reappeared. Fish and prawn landing increased by eight times which resulted in increased average annual income of community depending on lake by more than US $ 1,000 per family (Centre of science environment, Amandeep Kang, 2013).

Visitor’s center, Toranmal Kankaria Lake: Cleaning of lake improved the quality of water inviting various bird species. Lakefront development is conceived as a memorable recreational urban space and has enriching experience. It has become a good tourist place and attracts visitors both local and tourist. Project cost can be recovered from the services provided over a period of time (IDC, 2009). The culture of littering, encroachment, building and heritage abuse in past is replaced by the culture of walkability (public friendliness), public art, festival, sports and recreation (Singh, 2013). Entry fee is relatively low thus affordable for students, low- and middle-income people. The restored and developed Kankaria Lake is awarded by HUDCO for ‘Best Practices to Improve the Living Environment’ in 2012 and AMC has given special award ‘Lee Kuan Yew World City Prize 2012’ for Kankaria lake front development.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Chilika Lake

Ecological use

Economic use

Recreational use

Issues

Kankaria Lake

It is the largest wintering ground for It attracts birdlife. migratory birds (hosts over 160 species of birds) on the Indian sub-continent. The lake supports number of threatened species of plants and animals. The fishery resources sustain more than 0.2 million fisher–folk and 0.8 million watershed community living in 132 villages on the shore and islands. Apart from fishing 77% of the working population in peripheral villages is engaged in Agriculture which is dependent on Chilika Lake

It acts as a Tourist place which attracts the people of all age group not only from India but also from abroad. It acts as a social performance and congregation platform for events like Ras Garbha, Kankaria Carnival and Dog show by Police.

Boat Tours, Dolphin & Whale Watching, River Rafting & Tubing, Swim with Dolphins, Fishing Charters & Tours, StandUp Paddle boarding.

Boating, Tethered Balloon Rides, Toy Train Rides, Kankaria Zoo, Stone Mural Park, Amusement Park, Bal Vatika, Kids City, Butterfly Park, Segway Safari, Desert Safari, etc.

Increased siltation, degradation of the This Lake is in danger of drying due to drainage basin, alteration of fresh water flow siltation and has reduced from 16-17 feet and decrease in salinity has resulted in depth to 10-12 feet depth. shrinkage of water-spread area, loss of biodiversity and depletion of fishery resources.

Table2: Comparative analysis of Chilika lake and Kankaria Lake

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

Conservation Process

Outcome after conservation process

CDA adopted ecosystem approach to conserve this wetland by integrating local communities. Community’s capacity building was carried out with the help of local NGOs and was made aware about the ecological goods and services provided by the lake systems that contribute to their livelihood.

AMC took up the work of de-siltation and cleaning of lake. They also developed Lake front providing facilities like Toy Train, Indoor sports Stadium, Laser show, Jogging Track, Aquarium, Zoo, Park (Nagina wadi), Amusement Park (Balwatika)Butterfly Park, Food Court, Lighting. The lake and garden attract people for walking, relaxing, yoga and running. AMC has decided to charge Rs 10 for entry ticket

57% of government and research input and 43% of NGO and community’s involvement has resulted in the success of the conservation and management of the Chilika Lake. The participatory management of watershed and coastal process resulted in the functional integrity of ecosystem and enhancement of productivity thereby increasing per capita income of local community (fisherman, farmers and other dependent). Flora and fauna species reappeared. Increased average annual income of community

Cleaning of lake improved the quality of water inviting various bird species. Lakefront development is conceived as a memorable recreational urban space and has enriching experience. It has become a good tourist place and attracts visitors both local and tourist. The culture of littering, encroachment, building and heritage abuse in past is replaced by the culture of walkability (public friendliness), public art, festival, sports and recreation.

Table2: Comparative analysis of Chilika lake and Kankaria Lake Inferences: •

Lake Development should be done considering the lake catchment, community and the use of the lake.

•

Chilika Lake, the development is based on ecosystem approach which involved local community and thus led to success.

•

The changes in use of the lake affect user’s dependent on the lake, ecology and catchment area.

•

In case of Chilika Lake the sustainable approach resulted in increased employment opportunities for the local community and improved ecology of the lake.

•

Chilika Lake there is an improvement in the income level of the livelihood users of the lakes

•

Lake is public property and should be accessible to different income people. Kankaria lake is acting as revenue center which attracts people of different age group of people.

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS FOR DERIVING POLICY Chilika Lake

Kankaria Lake

Hydrological and ecological issues

Yes

Economic issues

Yes

Ecological improvement

Yes

Recreational use

Yes

Hydrological improvements

Yes

Accessibility to different income people

Good

Violations of rules and regulations

Ecological problems

Major End beneficiaries

Government and Public

Table3: Comparative analysis of Chilika lake and Kankaria Lake for deriving policy for rejuvenation

DERIVING POLICY FOR REJUVENATION OF YASHWANT LAKE NMC (Nandurbar Municipal Corporation) will take up the work of removing overgrown grass and garbage and cleaning of lake. The solid waste management and sewage water treatment can be done without violation of rule and regulations. There will be accessibility to different income people. They will develop Lake front providing facilities like Toy Train, Indoor sports Stadium, Laser show, Jogging Track, Aquarium, Zoo, Park, Amusement Park, Butterfly Park, Food Court, Lighting. The lake and garden will attract local people and visitors. NMC can charge Rs 10 for entry ticket so as to recover the expenditure.

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

POLICY FOR REJUVENATION OF YASHWANT LAKE Yashwant Lake Hydrological and ecological issues

1. Major issues for contamination of Yashwant lake is waste dumping and sewage and wastewater 2. The overgrown grass is also issue for contamination of shoreline

Economic issues

1. Use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides in farm area near wetlands results in poor agricultural activities which leads to economy of people. 2. Also, the contaminated lake reduces the tourist potential in that area.

Ecological improvement

Cleaning of lake will improve the quality of water and will invite various bird species.

Recreational use

Developing Lake front and providing facilities like Toy Train, Indoor sports Stadium, Laser show, Jogging Track, Aquarium, Zoo, Park, Amusement Park, Butterfly Park, Food Court, Lighting. The lake and garden will attract local people and visitors.

Accessibility to different income people

There will be accessibility to different income people.

Violations of rules and regulations

NMC (Nandurbar Municipal Corporation) will take up the work of removing overgrown grass and garbage and cleaning of lake. The solid waste management and sewage water treatment can be done without violation of rule and regulations.

Major End beneficiaries

Government and Public Table4: Policy for rejuvenation of Yashwant lake.

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

OBSERVATIONS •

The area near settlement needs to be rejuvenate as the area is used as dumping ground by people.

•

Currently Yashwant lake stands as a topographical depression growing with overgrown grass and garbage.

RESULTS Cleaning of lake will improve the quality of water inviting various bird species. Lakefront development will be conceived as a memorable recreational space and will have enriching experience. It will become a good tourist place and will attract visitors both, local and tourist. The culture of littering, encroachment, building and heritage abuse will be replaced by the culture of walkability (public friendliness), public art, festival, sports and recreation.

ANALYSIS There are three factors on which the Rejuvenation is dependent viz; Economy, Environment and Social. Among these three factors the social factor is quite challenging such as, publicity of the environmental benefits of the project and environmental awareness, especially among the local community. The area needs to be cleared of the garbage. And the grass grown needs to be removed.

CONCLUSION Water bodies sustain all kinds of life forms and a project like this can be a medium through which the people can be educated about the need to revive water bodies. Such initiatives are easy to plan and implement and can spark an environmental revolution which is the need of the hour. Proper implementation and achievement of Rejuvenation activities should be with community involvement. They should be made aware about the ecological, hydrological, environmental and socio-cultural importance of the lake. This can be done through various outreach programs and publications. The active participation of the students and community in planning, design, execution, cleaning, measuring water quality, planting trees, bird watching, drawing competition and self-help program for lake rejuvenation give the opportunity for practical environmental education. Community Awareness and involvement about conservation activities will also reduce the burden on governing body. Formation of lake development trust or residents trust, involving community and NGO will help in raising funds, maintenance of lake and spreading awareness of about lake conservation activities. This will also make lake a platform for social gathering place.

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

CHAPTER 3 |

CASESTUDIES AND TECHNOLOGIES

CASESTUDIES Sanskar Kendra, Ahmedabad Auroville visitor’s center Ajanta visitor’s center Uttarayan art village, Vadodara TECHNOLOGIES Introduction Architecture Structure Water Energy Service

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

SANSKAR KENDRA, AHEMDABAD Case study 1

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

amount

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

AUROVILLE VISITOR’S CENTER Case study 2

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

AJANTA VISITORS CENTER Case study 3 Location: Ajanta, Maharashtra, India Year of Construction: 2005 - 2013 Climate: Hot and Dry Architect: Chaya and Chaya Architects

Site Area: 3,23,695 sq.m Total Built-up Area: 19,700 sq.m Ground Coverage: 0.8% Building Components: Spaces for exhibition, shops, Reason for Choice: Restaurant There is lack of facilities near the caves and in Aurangabad. The visitor’s center was developed to increase the amount of local and foreign visitors to the caves. The spaces provided not only attract people but also help in spreading the information about the history and culture of the caves.

Fig34: Satellite image of AVC

Fig35: Conceptual Sketch done by

Design Philosophy

The concept behind the built form of the building comes from the shape of Ajanta caves. The spiral shape in which the visitor’s center is built originates from the horse- shoe shape form of the Ajanta caves. The form of the caves and the center run parallel to each other.

Fig: Planning Concept of AVC

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

PLANNING

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

Fig36: Spiral Colonnade

Fig37: Exhibition Spaces

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

UTTARAYAN ART VILLAGE,VADODRA Case study 4 Location - Jhaspur, Vado d ra , Gujrat. Latitude : 2 2 o 1 8 ’ 1 9 . 0 ” Longitude : 73o3 ’ 2 3 . 4 ” 25km

Distance from B a d oda city :

A b o u t t h e p r o je c t •

To p r o m o t e t h e a r t a n d c r a f t , t h e i n d u s t r i a l i s t o f V a d o d r a M r. Rakesh Ag g rawal m a s t e r m i n d e d this centre and designed by A r. K a r a n G r o v e r . Its a n ‘ a r t v i l l a g e ’ w h i c h p r o v i d e s working space and a c c o m m o d a t i o n for v i s i t i n g i n t e r n a t i o n a l a n d i n d i a n a r t i s t s . Site Area: 80 acers Built Up Area: 1420 sqm

•

• •

Uttarayan art centre Jhaspur

Badoda city

Fig38: Location Map Selection criteria – •

To understand activities perfor med a nd facilities provided in the centre to train students / artisans. • To study the connectivity of different s pace s a nd their relation with the surrounding. • To understand the me tho d of creating art and study of e quipme nts a nd s pa c e required for that particular activity. Concept – • •

“ Returning to the t h e m e of domes tic architecture ”. Dome s tic architecture : B a doda the ‘Culutural Capital’ of Gujrat has its own style of architecture i.e. indo saracenic style a nd brick architecture.

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

vehicular access pedestrian Fig39:Site Plan Uttarayan At Village

Site Zoning Contour levels : Upper: Center Middle : Cafeteria and Cottages. Lower: Deck overviewing River • •

As one enters in the site,It g ives ac c es s to two se parate areas that of the ‘Ar t centre’ on upper level a nd C a fe te ria a nd A r tis a n’s c otta g es. Vehicular a cc e ss a nd Pedestrian are c onnec te d by a wide stairways overviewing the whole c a m p u s a nd it a c t as linking bridg e be twe e n residential area (cottag es and cafeteria) a nd training area.

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

Art centre has Studios for making,potter y,classroom, s emina r conference hall.

painting, hall,Office

sculpture area with

Workshops of wood,ceramic,stone,Metal are kept away from centre as it create noise a nd disturbance to the students in the centre. Cottag es are located near the river front capturing view of the river. No. of cottag es : 4 , Dor mitories : 2 C apac ity of dor mitor y : 1 0 persons Cafeteria has sitting area , kitchen, Utility area. In front of cafeteria there is a small book librar y with outdoor reading plaza. g enerator room a nd water pla nt.

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

Architectural Features • A slight historical reference i.e. use of some elements of style of Badoda i.e.Indo saracenic architecture and brick architecture. Indo saracenic architecture: a fusion of western spatial organization, Indian materials and decorative motifs inspired by gothic,hindu,islamic,buddhist and ottman architecture.

Fig40: Example of indo saracenic architecture in Badoda

• Elements used are wooden balconies, Brackets, doos, use of jalis, cour tyard planning, painted chattai, removed from the old havelies demolished in that region.

Fig41: Bricks specially cut and of a particular dimension cr eate a dynam ic patter n. Fig42: Jali also helps to act as ventilator in toilet without visual disturbance.

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

CASE STUDY MATRIX

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

TECHNOLOGIES USED INTRODUCTION The project site is set in the tropical state of Maharashtra, wherein vernacular architecture features many passive design strategies aimed at providing cool interior environments and protection from the seasonal rains of the state. The architecture of the region features courtyards for stack cooling, openings on multiple levels for cross ventilation and solar shading elements Some of the passive strategies and the principles behind some architectural elements are adopted into the project’s design, while some are added to cater to Additional requirements.

Fig43: Passive Design Statergies The heavy monsoons of Toranmal are an underutilized resource in the place, which often suffers from water shortages during summer months Effectively. Harvesting and managing stormwater can allow for reuse during summer months and can offset the public water supply consumption to a large extent. Effective stormwater management will also allow for groundwater recharge and percolation of surface run-off. Energy supply is also a major concern at hill station suffers from periodic electricity cuts, exacerbated by heavy monsoons. Solar power is a reliable source of electricity, considering that the site gets 6 hours of sunlight daily on an average. Hence solar panels located, such as floating them on the nearby water body Waste management is also a major concern at site, and the project proposes to treat the waste properly.

Visitor’s center, Toranmal ARCHITECTURE

Fig44: Placement of Program Component on Site The massing is created to ensure maximum air flow through the masses. Hence the open spaces are placed in between the masses and the lake. Optimal solar orientation of each building is kept in mind. The locally available bricks and stone is used for construction, wherein the roof rather is fabricated with modern techniques. So that the form obtained of the building is traditional. MATERIAL USED

Fig45: Use of Brick Masonar y

Fig46: Use of Stone Masonar y

Visitor’s center, Toranmal STRUCTURE

Fig47: Structural Section

Fig48: Roof Detail

Visitor’s center, Toranmal WATER | DEMAND CALCULATION Function

Area (sq.m)

Occupancy Occupancy Daily water Total Load load consumption consumption Factor (liters per (liters) (sq.m per head acc.to person acc. NBC) To NBC)

Visitors Center: Admin

175.5

Visitors Center: Restaurant

1045 (180seats)

1.8

Visitors Center: Museum

2754.0

8(Neuferts standards)

345 15

5175

Retreat: Admin

175.5

17 45

765

Retreat: Clubhouse

500

63 15

945

Retreat: Restaurant

1045 (180seats)

1.8

Retreat: Accommodation (X2)

1824 (40guest)

228 100 per head

4000

Retreat: Suites (X5)

650 (20guest)

82 100 per head

2000

Staff Quarters

608 (25staffs)

76 100 per head

2500

Total no of People

17 45 581 70 per seat

581 70 per seat

1990

765 12600

12600

41350

Table 5: Occupant load and water consumption calculation (Ref: (1) Occupant load factor: National Building Code,2016-vol 1, Part 4, page 29, (2) Water demand: National Building Code,2016-vol 2, Part 9, page 12 Total water consumption = fresh water demand = 41.3kL

Visitor’s center, Toranmal Efficient usage of water The consumption of water in the project can be greatly reduced by adopting the following methods: • • • •

Water-efficient plumbing fixtures: Waterless urinals, ultra-low-flush toilets, low-flow & Sensored fixtures. Water-efficient irrigation & landscaping systems Low-flow sprinkler heads, Xeriscape (use of native/climate appropriate plants) Water recycling or reuse measures Can be minimal treatment for reuse on-site. Treated water for toilet flushing, sprinkler systems, Landscape irrigation, Gray water usage etc Water conservation in HVAC systems: Use of recycled/harvested rainwater for HVAC Cooling towers

RAINWATER HARVESTING Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is an entire system involving capturing, storing and using rainwater and surface run- off for agricultural or domestic uses. The basic premise of a rainwater harvesting system is to catch water where its falls’ and, in the process, recharge groundwater. There are two ways of using the harvested rainwater, through storage in receptacles and recharging into the aquifer. The elements of rainwater harvesting are •

The catchment area where the rain falls

•

The conveyance or conduit systems: 1. flat roof conveyance systems 2. sloping roof conveyance systems

•

The first flush and the filter system

•

The storage area

•

The recharge area

In urban areas where space is a constraint, and also due to the lack of constant rainfall, recharge structures are preferred to storage arrangements.

Fig49: Section of Rechar ge pit

Apart from project or building-specific interventions. Rainwater can be effectively managed through well designed landscaping features. One way to make cities spongier is to use permeable pavements, such as porous asphalt made with lot of large stone rather than fine aggregates such as sand, and with added cellulose fibres to hold the porous asphalt together. This creates more pores, and increases the air void up to 15 or 20 percent, allowing more rainwater to seep through. Porous pavements are typically laid on top of stabilizing material and a gravel layer, which functions as a reservoir to hold and eventually disperse the water into the soil underneath. 46

Visitor’s center, Toranmal Requirements according to MMBR 2019 (1) Groundwater recharging arrangements: • Workable ground water recharging arrangements shall be provided as an integral part of all new building constructions through collection of roof top rainwater. •

The components of workable groundwater recharging arrangements, as stipulated in sub rule (1) above, shall include: 1. Roof gutters 2. Down pipe 3. Filter unit 4. Recharge well or recharge pond or Percolation pit

•

Provided that open well or pond within the plot can be used as recharge components as mentioned in item above. Provided further that filter unit as mentioned in item (ill shall be mandatory only in situations where rainwater is recharged directly to the groundwater through open wells, pond and the like

•

In exceptional cases such as water logging or impermeable subsoil conditions to considerable depths, the ground water recharging arrangements for building constructions need not be made mandatory.

Fig50: Curbside Rain Garden

Visitor’s center, Toranmal (2) Rainwater Storage Requirement: • The minimum capacity of the storage tank as stipulated in sub-rule/2Kiv) of the rainwater storage arrangement shall be at the rate given below. Group A2 (hotel): 25 litres/sq. metre of Covered area Group B educational) 50 litres/sq. metre of Covered Group D assembly): 50 litres/sq. metre of Covered Area Group E (office): 50 litres/sq. metre of Covered area Group F (mercantile/commercial: 25 litres/sq. metre of Covered area Note-Covered area refers to the area covered by the building footprint •

If both ground water recharging arrangements and rain water storage arrangements are required to be provided as laid out here in addition to rain water storage arrangements, arrangements for carrying the spill over water from storage tank to recharge well or recharge pond or percolation pit need only be provided.

Rainwater Calculations: (1) Total rainwater collected from roof in a month = Roof area (sqm) x Peak rainfall for 30 days (mm) x run-off coefficient =9950 x 335 x 0.8 (tiled roof) = 2,666 KL Water collected from hard-paved area =Paved area (sq.m) x Peak rainfall (mm) x run off coefficient =10000 x 335 x 0.7 = 2,345 KL Thus, total rainwater collected in a month 5,011 KL Size of rainwater harvesting tank 5,011 cum (2) Total rainwater collected from roof in a year.

Fig51: Annual Rainfall at Toranmal

=Roof area (sq.m) x Annual Rainfall (mm) x Run-off coefficient = 9950 x 2754 x 0.8 = 21,921 kl Water collected from hard-paved area =Paved area x Annual rainfall x Run-off coefficient =10000 x 2754 x 0.7 = 19,278 kl Total amount of water collected annually = 41,199 kl Total water requirement per day = 41.3 k Water requirement in a year = 41.3 x 365 = 15074.5 kL Water requirements met by rainwater 273.3 %

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

EFFLUENT / SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT In general, the wastewater discharged from domestic premises like residences, institutions, and commercial establishments is termed as sewage or wastewater It includes waste liquid from toilets, baths, showers. Kitchens, and sinks draining into sewers Sewage treatment refers to the process of removing contaminants micro-organisms and other type of pollutants from wastewater, primarily from household sewage. Sewage treatment includes physical, chemical, and biological methods to remove contaminants and produce environmentally safe treated wastewater to make it usable again. Its objective is to produce an effluent that is suitable for reuse, discharge or release back to the environment.

Fig52: Effluent Treatment Process Sewage in a building complex can be treated by implanting Sewage Treatment System or Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) which involves following stage 1. Preliminary Treatment 2. Primary Treatment 3. Secondary Treatment 4. Tertiary Treatment

Fig53: Sewage treatment stages

Requirements according to MMBR 2019

All buildings under (B) (educational), (D) (assembly). (E) (office) and F (mercantile/commercial) occupancies having total built-up area more than 5000 sq. metres shall Incorporate in-situ waste liquid waste management treatment plant and special provision for recycling and reusing of waste water generated out of the use of water. STP sizing Waste water flowing into sewer = 80% of daily water consumption = 33.4 kL Total quantity of waste water reaching the STP = 75% of 33.4 = 25.05 kl Water available for reuse post treatment =85% of 25.05 = 21.29 KL Considering a total depth of 3.3 m for STP (Liquid depth=3m), Fig54: Typical section of STP Area of STP 192.5/3= 7.09 sqm

Visitor’s center, Toranmal ENERGY | DEMAND CALCULATION Function

Area (sq.m)

Annual energy Total annual consumption power (kwh/sq.m, acc.to consumption BSRIA rules of Thumb) (kWh)

Visitors Center: Admin

175.5

7020

Visitors Center: Restaurant

1045

130

135850

2754.0

192780

175.5

7020

Retreat: Clubhouse

500

30000

Retreat: Restaurant

1045

130

135850

Retreat: Accommodation (X2)

1824

105

191520

Retreat: Suites (X5)

650

105

68250

Staff Quarters

608

105

63840

Total electricity consumption

832130 =832kWh

Visitors Center: Museum Retreat: Admin

Table6: Total electricity consumption in the building (Ref: BSRIA Thumb Rules) (inclusive of lighting, appliance and HVAC loads) Total power Consumption = power Demand = 832 kWh

Fig55: BSRIA Thumb Rules 50

Visitor’s center, Toranmal LIGHTING The consumption of power by lighting devices can be greatly reduced through many ways This can help decrease the overall power consumption of the building Energy efficient lighting Energy efficient lighting stems from the usage of 1. Energy-saving lamps 2. Light-control devices (Photo sensors and Time Clocks) 3. Occupancy/Motion sensors Fig56: Different type Of light and their energ y consumption Daylight harvesting systems maximize the use of daylight to reduce the amount of electric lighting required. This is done through lighting control systema which adjust the electric lighting levels in response to changing availability of daylight Daylight harvesting is determined through Daylight harvesting

a. identifying daylight zones b. placement of lighting. c. establishing control zones for luminaires d. choosing the appropriate control method switching on and off, stepped switching, stepped dimming and continuous dimming Fig57: Daylight Har vesting e. selecting the technology Energy savings achieved are in the range between 20-60%. Daylight harvesting is most suited for spaces adjacent to windows, clerestories, skylights, glass block walls, such as atria, offices interior public plazas, schools etc. Difficulties of the technologies: High Costs, imperfect performance. These systems are space-specific Changes to the space can impact the system functioning Lighting efficiency- technologies 1. Sensor based lighting: Timers and sensors can reduce light usage to the necessary level. 2. Automated blinds 3. Photosensitive glass: Glass which is able to change tint and so adapt to variations in the intensity of natural light has already been on the market for a number of years However the new process developed by the Berkeley Lab researchers makes use of two electrochromic compounds whose combined properties can not only automatically trigger the window glass to turn opaquer but also provide a mechanism for blocking the heat from sunlight while still allowing light to pass through.

Visitor’s center, Toranmal FLOATING SOLAR PANELS Not every roof is suitable for solar panels factors Such as shade and obstructions cause developers to look for other locations to install solar panels. Because of the nearby water body, floating solar panels are a viable option for solar energy generation. Fig58: Floating Solar Pannel Floating solar, also known as floating photovoltaic (FPV), is any sort of solar array that floats on top of a body of water. Solar panels need to be affixed to a buoyant structure that keeps them above the surface. It has many advantages, such as: 1. Saving up on roof and land space 2. Improved performance of solar panels due to cooling Fig59: concept of Floating down of PV array by water Solar 3. Pannel Environmental benefits prevent algae blooms in water bodies shades water bodies

Solar panel calculations Given the large size of the water reservoir nearby, it is possible to offset the complete electricity demand Purely through solar panels Total power demand - 832 kWh As a thumb rule 10 Sq meter area is required for 1 capacity solar system. Assuming a 1 kW size solar system, Units Generated Annually (in kWh) =System Size in Kw x CUF x 365 x 24, where CUF stands for Capacity Utility Factor and is usually 19% in India =1x 0.19 x 365 x 24 = 1664 kWh Since the total annual electricity consumption is 8320 kWh, the number of 1 kW systems required 8320/1664 = 5. Total are required for solar panels 50 sq.m

Visitor’s center, Toranmal SERVICES | ER COMPOSTER FOR BIODEGRADABLE WASTE •

•

• •

•

The EcoRich Elite Il Composter falls in the category of “in-vessel composting. Using an accelerated composting process, a volume reduction of 90% and thereby 10% of compost generation is achieved in 24 hours. An intelligent system, it acts on the direction of the sensors placed inside the machine and thereby achieving the following - No manual intervention thus saving on labour costs and Automated execution thus saving power and maintenance costs. The lone rejects in this method of composting are the harmless water vapour that is neatly expelled thru the connection to the sewerage/drainage. The machine composts waste using an energy-efficient and automated control process. The system employs high temperature micro-organisms to decompose food waste and organic matter. This is accomplished without the need of repeated additions of micro organisms or other additives to the composting champers eve. Normal mixed food waste should take no longer than 24 hours to virtually disappear. The end products are nutrient rich organic compost which can be used gardening organic farming purpose.

Visitor’s center, Toranmal SERVICES | BUILDING AUTOMATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM (BACS) The term Building Automation and Control System (BACS) refers to centralized systems that monitor, control and record the functions of building services Systems Building facilities that are monitored and controlled by a reliable BACS tend to maintain the building environment more efficiently and so reduce the building’s environmental impact and energy costs. The core functions of a BACS system are as follows • • • •

Maintain control of the building’s environment. Operate systems according to occupancy and Energy demand Monitor and correct the performance of systems. Sound alerts as required.

Fig62: Access Control System

The basic components of a BACS are •

• •

Sensors: Measure values such as temperature, humidity, lighting levels, room occupancy, and so on. Controllers: Instigate the system’s response from the collected data, using algorithms that apply logic and send commands. Output devices Carry out commands from the controller. Communications protocol: The language used by the BACS components. -Dashboard The user interface for data reporting and interaction with the BACS system.

Fire alarm system A fire alarm system is number of devices working together to detect and warn people through visual and audio appliances when smoke, fire, carbon monoxide or other emergencies are present. These alarms may be activated from smoke detectors and heat detectors. A public address system is an electric sound amplification and distribution system with a microphone, amplifier and loudspeakers, used to allow a person to address a larger public, for example, for announcements of movements at large and noisy air and rail terminals or at a sports stadium. Access control systems In the fields of physical security, a and information security, access control is the service restriction of access to a place or other resource. Access control refers to security features that control who can access resources in the operating system. Applications call access control functions to set who can access specific resources or control access to resources provided by the application CCTV/Monitoring systems • •

Closed circuit Television (CCTV), also known as video surveillance is the use of video cameras to transmit a signal to a specific place, on a limited set of monitors. Building CCTV system options are available to suit virtually every facility and security need. Available CCTV camera options include Network (IP) cameras, fed position cameras, pan/tilt/zoom (PTZ) cameras and thermal imaging cameras.

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

CHAPTER 4 |

PROJECT PROFILE

PROJECT VISION PROGRAM DEVELOPMET PROPOSED AREA PROGRAM READING OF AREA

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

PROJECT VISION VISITORS CENTER TORANMAL The design complex hopes to act as not just tourist recreation and accommodation center, but also a destination itself, doubling up as a cultural and picnic spot for locals. It would help in stimulating the newly developing tourism industry in Maharashtra, providing spaces for local performances, exhibition and social gatherings.

Fig63: Thesis Proposition

The proposition is to design, in the fringes of Toranmal, a Visitors center That is a pride of locals and a destination for tourist. A complex, it is to be suitable and homogeneous to the context.

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT

Fig64: Program Development and concept 57

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

PROPOSED AREA PROGRAM Function

Capacity Area (people) per person

Area (in No. of Total sq.m) Units area (in sq.m)

Restaurant Reception Counter

8.3

Lobby area (waiting)

2.3

General Restaurant

200

1.35

270

Kitchen for restaurant

Dry store

Chilled store

Waste disposal area

Staff toilet

4.5

Visitors Toilet

4.5

Total

541

Admin Area Chair person’s room

General manager room

Deputy manager room

HR manager’s room

Housekeeping manager

Accounting staff room

6.6

3.3

100

4.5

Meeting/ hall

presentation 15

Utility / store room Rest rooms

Total

258 58

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

Visitors Center Reception Counter

Lounge/ waiting area

3.3

100

Tourist information Centre 20 Museum of Tribal culture

200

Gallery for local products 20

100

Curio shop

Library

Cyber Café

Observatory

Toilet

4.5

Total

636

Tourist Retreat Reception Counter Operation room

manager 1

Lobby area/ Lounge

Coffee/ tea shop

Specialty Restaurant

100

1.5

150

4.5

Kitchen with accessory space Rest room for restaurant

Utility/ store room

Visitor’s center, Toranmal All Day Dining

150

1.5

225

Kitchen with accessory space

Utility / Store room

4.5

Toilets

Game zone

150

Indoor games

150

Toilet

4.5

Total

1063

8 bed Dorms

120

240

Guest Room

400

Family Guest Houses

150

750

Total

1390

Staff Accommodation and Back House Staff Kitchen

Wash area

Laundry and Storage

Maintenance Area

150

4.5

Staff Dining

Accommodation Units

Lounge Room

Rest Room

0.3

Visitor’s center, Toranmal Generator and battery room

120

Staff locker room

Guards’ common room

Total

638

Total Area:

4526.0 sq.m

Adding area for Circulation and Structural envelope (40%)

1810.4 sq.m

Approximate Total Built up area:

6336.4 sq.m

Outdoor Security Room

Car Parking

12.5

625

Motor cycle parking

Amphitheatre

100 - 120

800

Central Plaza

150

300

Evening Plaza

150

300

Badminton Court

Volleyball Court

170

200

Play ground Total

2555

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

READINGS OF AREA Area Distribution

13%

8% 5% General Spaces 12%

Administration Visitors Center

28%

Tourist Retreat Tourist Accommodation Staff Accommodation 34%

All areas are Calculated in Sq.m Function: Administration = 258 Sq.m

Total Built up area = 6336.4 sq.m

General Spaces = 541 Sq.m Visitors Center = 636 Sq.m Tourist Retreat = 1063 Sq.m Tourist Accommodation = 1390 Sq.m Staff Accommodation = 638 Sq.m

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

CHAPTER 5 |

ABOUT SITE

SITE SELECTION SITE ANALYSIS SWOT ANALYSIS

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

SITE SELECTION Location: near yashwant lake, toranmal (21.8781669n , 74.4596974e) Area: 37963.43 sq.m Perimeter: 947.51 m Acre: 9.3 acre Hector: 3.79ha Gunta: 379.6 gunta Population: 2717 Climate: hot -Mediterranean Max temp: 24.7 c Min temp: 15.5 c Rainfall: 838mm Topography: slope n-w, w direction Wind direction: s-w Fig65: Locational Plan of site

• The Site is selected as the center of all the tourist destination at Toranmal • The Site selected is reserved land of government for tourist development project • The site shares the northern boundary with the Yashwant Lake. • Site has Direct access from main road Fig66: Proposed Site

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

TOURIST CONNECTIVITY MAP

Fig67: Tourist Map of Toranmal

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

LAND USE PATTERN | CURRENT

Fig68: Cur rent Land use pattern of Toranmal 66

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

LAND USE PATTERN | PROPOSED

Fig69: Proposed Land use pattern of Toranmal

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

SITE ANALYSIS

Fig70: Annual Temperature Graph of Toranmal

Fig71: Annual Rainfall Graph of Toranmal

Climate: The precipitation varies 278mm between the driest month and the wettest month. The variation in annual temperature is around 10.9 c.

Fig72: Optimal Solar Management

Visitor’s center, Toranmal SOIL TYPE: The light soils are observed, having 1-3% slope, having drainage problem, underground rock is basalt mixed with lime. EARTHQUAKE ZONE There are total 4 zones of which Site lies in zone 2 which is associated with the lowest level of seismicity.

Fig73: Sesmic Zone of India

HYDROLOGY AND FAUNA

Fig74: Hydrology map of Toranmal

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

VISUAL ANALYSIS

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

SWOT ANALYSIS - Stategic Location - Well Connected - Allows for Visual Sightlines to the hills and lake - Adequately disconnected from village buzz

STRENGTH - Mass contamination of due to various issues - Very low economic growth and Population growth - Inactive neighbourhood

WEEKNESS - Green field site and surrounding offers opportunity for innovation - Development of surrounding infrastructure would lead to coming up of correspond function around site - Iarge size of site allows for interesting landscaping

OPPORTUNITIES - High rainfall in the season - Risk of Flooding from Lake - As site in near lake deeper foundation are required

THREATS

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

CHAPTER 6 |

DESIGN TRANSLATION

DESIGN DERIVATIVES RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM OF PROGRAM COMPONENTS SITE ZONING

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

DESIGN DERIVATIVES •

To respect and celebrate the contours an levels of the site

•

To create a permeable built – open structure

•

Create a easy to navigate pedestrian network with ramp at all places

•

Showcase mud bricks, straws and other natural materials through appropriate design.

PLAZA Creating bigger plaza to club more activities that is mixed use development, now it's not about building masses , it is composition of activities , people , spaces , that creates the whole ambiance and project.

BASIC SITE ZONING

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM OF PROGRAM COMPONENT

SITE ZONING

PLACEMENT OF BLOCK ON SITE 74

Visitor’s center, Toranmal ROAD AND PATHWAY NETWORK

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

CHAPTER 7 |

DESIGN OUTCOME

DETAIL DRAWINGS VIEWS SITE 3D MODEL

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

ARIEL VIEW OF SITE

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

TOP VIEW SHOWING ROOFS ON SITE

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

SITE PLAN

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

SITE LAYOUTS | DETAIL LAYOUT

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

SITE LAYOUTS | ELECTRIC LAYOUT

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

SITE LAYOUTS | SEWAGE LAYOUT

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

SITE LAYOUTS | RAIN WATER LAYOUT

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

INDIVIDUAL BLOCK | DRAWINGS ADMIN BLOCK

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

CLUB HOUSE

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

VISITORS CENTER

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

VISITORS CENTER

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

RESTAURANT

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

ACCOMODATION

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

SUITES

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

STAFF ACCOMODATION

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

3D VIEWS

Fig75: Campus entr y

Fig76: View at Parking and Admin

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

Fig77: View at Pickup and Drop point

Fig78: View at Water Sport Area

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

Fig79: Ariel view of Amphitheter

Fig80: View at children play area

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

Fig81: View at Accommodation units

Fig82: View of Path leading the museum

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

SITE 3D MODEL

Fig83: Drone view of Campus (Night)

Fig84: Drone view of Campus (Day)

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

BIBLIOGRAPHY •

https://nandurbar.gov.in/tourist-place/toranmal-hill-station/

•

https://www.maharashtratourism.net/hill-stations/toranmal.html

•

Toranmal - Nandurbar, Maharashtra: Hill Stations". Whereincity.com

•

https://nandurbar.gov.in/talukawise-maps/

•

http://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/MTDC/HTML/Maharashtratourism/TouristDeligh t/Hillstations/HillStations.aspx?strpage=ToranmalHillstation.html

•

Vision – 2022: We envisage Nandurbar as a self-sustainable progressive district of Maharashtra with revitalized and refurbished health care, drinking water supply and education. Har gaon’ Road connectivity and ‘har garh’ electricity would be strived for with special focus on making Nandurbar as the Chilies Capital of India.

•

Govt. of NCT of Delhi. (2013). Status, Revival and Greening of Water Bodies in Delhi.

•

S. Sengupta and S. Dasgupta, 2012. Churning Still Water, A Briefing Paper on the State of Urban water body, Conservation and Management in India, New Delhi: Centre for Science and Environment.

•

P.K. Naik et al, 2008. Conservation of Chilika Lake, Orissa, India. Jaipur, Rajasthan

•

Pattnaik, n.d Lessons from the Chilika lake, India, Institutional Coordination and Policy Development in Lake Basin Management.

•

Rout, S. P., 2006. Co-Management of Common Property Resources: A Case Study of Supranational, National and Sub-National Institutions in Fisheries Management around Chilika Lake

•

Amandeep Kang, 2013. Protection and Management of Urban Lakes in India, Centre of Science

•

Environment.

•

Ranade, P. S., 2008. Managing Lake Tourism: Challenges Ahead. Kozhikode, Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode,

•

IDC, 2009. Development of Lake Conservation Projects, Karnataka, Final Pre-feasibility Report, Bangalore: Infrastructure Development Corporation (IDC), (Karnataka) Limited.

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

APPENDIX RESEARCH PUBLICATION 1. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science (IJRES) ISSN (Online): 2320-9364, ISSN (Print): 2320-9356 www.ijres.org Volume 9 Issue 4 ǁ 2021 ǁ PP. 5364 2. Mendeley Data - REJUVENATION OF YASHWANT LAKE: ISSUES, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Visitor’s center, Toranmal

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