Kampoeng Artist at the Old Town of Jakarta by Hizkia Irwanto Gouw

Kampoeng Artist Kota Tua

Architecture, Urbanism, and Heritage in Southeast Asian Megacity:

Kampoeng Artist -Reactivating the Old Town of Jakarta-

By Hizkia Irwanto Gouw 378785 ABPL 90169 Design Thesis, Semester Two 2012 Tutor: Dr. Amanda Achmadi Coordinator: Prof. Philip Goad 1

Architecture, Urbanism, and Heritage in Southeast Asian Megacity:

Kampoeng Artist -Reactivating the Old Town of Jakarta-

Hizkia Irwanto Gouw

Special thanks to Tutor : Dr. Amanda Achmadi Coordinator : Prof. Philip Goad Guest Tutor : Prof. Hugh Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;neill Guest Lecturer : John Ting, Dr. David Beynon, James Brearley Class Members

Table of Content Overview

6. Key Questions

1. Studio Brief 2. Problem Satement 3. Key Research Findings 3.1. Heritage 3.1.1. Heritage Buildings in the Old Town 3.1.2. Government Regulation and Plan 3.1.3. Tangible and Intangible Heritage 3.1.4. Young generations have interest in the history of Jakarta 3.2. Identity / Representation 3.2.1. Branding 3.2.2. Kampoeng or Nation 3.3. Socio-Culture 3.3.1. Jakarta is a Multicultural City 3.3.2. Social Difference among Jakartans 3.3.3. Jakartans still Miss the Old Time 3.3.3.1. Eat and Eat 3.3.3.2. Jakarta Fashion and Food Festival

7. Analysis of Site 7.1. Site conditions 7.2. Existing site facade 7.3. Traffic Analysis 7.3.1. Traffic Diagram 7.3.2. Vehicle Circulation 7.4. Problems and Potentials

4. Case Study 4.1. Heritage Preservation in Jakarta 4.1.1. Green Central City 4.1.2. Grand Indonesia 4.2. Social Housing in Jakarta 4.2.1. Gading Nias Residence 4.3. Kampoeng Revitalization 4.3.1. Kampung Kali Code 5. Design Intention

10 10 12 13 14 14 16 16 17 17 17

19 22

30 31 32 33 33 34

8. Proposal

9. Progress Works 9.1. Space Studies 9.2. Facade Studies 9.3. Massing Studies 9.4. Massing Models 9.5. Week 7 Midterm Presentation 9.6. Week 10 Presentation

36 37 38 39 40 42

10. Final Documentation / Presentation

11. Bibliography 11.1. Books 11.2. Online Resources 11.3. Images

75 75 76

24 27 29

Kampoeng Artist As the nation capital, Jakarta is â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;melting potâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; of representatives from throughout the archipelago. It is a city of contrast; the traditional and the modern, the sacral and the worldly, the poor and the rich, often stand side by side in this bustling metropolis. Kampoeng Artist at the Old Town of Jakarta tries to deal with those contrasts by using the concept of inclusive urbanism. Kampoeng Artist consists of student housing, artist housing, workshops, art retails, art library, amphitheatre, indoor theatre, 1 to 1 museum, as well as open spaces. Through the mixed of programs that emphasizes on the traditional art and culture of Indonesia, Kampoeng Artist would encourage public engagement of all ages, ethnics, and classes. It offers interactions and cultural exchanges among locals and visitors. Moreover, in order to honour the history of the site and also to counter the dominance of the colonial heritage at the northern part of the Old Town, the design of Kampoeng Artist traces back the indigenous urban form of Kampoeng and the Chinese settlement at the Old Batavia. regards,

Hizkia Irwanto Gouw

1. Studio Brief

by Dr. Amanda Achmadi

As sites of some of the most rapidly urbanising environments in the world, Southeast Asian metropolises typically exemplify two problematic urban conditions. The first one is the uncontrolled and seemingly unstoppable expansion, or sprawling, of the metropolises into the surrounding region followed by a gradual removal of their urban civic centres away from their original positions. This process generates the second symptom: the abandonment of the cities’ historical ‘old town’ quarters left behind by, and growingly loosing their relevance in, the rapidly expanding urban regions. Often time, these historical quarters and the architectural heritages shaping them lost their significance and presence within the everyday life of the local urban population of Southeast Asia. And when we occasionally witness restoration projects within these historical quarters, they often come hand in hand with a process of gentrification or touristification. While the historical quarters may appear to be visually and physically polished, they have also been transformed into a tourist site, an urban museum commonly detached from the dynamics of contemporary urbanism and the everyday life of local urban populations.

JAKARTA KOTA STATION SQUARE C IRCA 1 9 3 8

Figure 1. The Old Town of Jakarta at 1938.

J A K A R TA K O TA S TAT I O N S Q U A R E C I R C A 2 0 1 0 S

http://www.flickr.com/photos/anindito/1476391746/lightbox/ Figure 2. The Old Town of

Jakarta at 2010.

Jakar t a old town are a: Forg ot te n and dilapidat ing

This studio investigates the possible meaningful role that an urban architectural design can play in reactivating or regenerating local urbanism within the forgotten historical quarters of the sprawling Southeast Asian metropolises. It will focus on the complex sociopolitical contexts of the old town district of Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia and the largest metropolis in the region with an urban history dating back to the 16th century. We will consider how urban architecture can potentially help reinstate and create a vibrant and inclusive urbanism in the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s forgotten and dilapidated old quarter. By doing so, the studio also explores the roles that built forms can play in articulating and actualising local engagements with urban heritage in Southeast Asia and in giving the old town of Jakarta a contemporary presence and meaning within the rapidly expanding megacity.

of Dave Tacon: 2011) Figure 3.(Courtesy Fatahillah Square.

2. Problem Statement

Figure 4. Current condition of the Old Town of Jakarta

Nowadays, The Old Town of Jakarta is not becoming a prime tourist destination anymore. Most of the heritage buildings are damage and unmaintained, which creates a negative image for the visitors. Moreover, there is a big concern with the lack of attractive places and public facilities around the Old Town. In order to attract larger visitors, these problems need to be addressed. Visitors will not come to the Old Town just for the sake of admiring the historical buildings; they also need attractive places that can offer various activities. As currently there is a growing number of youth that visit the Old Town, there is a potential to explore the Old Town as part of creative industry that focus on the involvement of young society. 9

3. Key Research Findings 3. 1. Heritage 3.1.1. Heritage Buildings in the Old Town Jakarta, a capital city of Indonesia, has a long history of colonialism back in 17th century. Most of the heritage building and historical area in Jakarta came from the colonial era. Old Town of Jakarta (or Kota Tua) is the place, where Jakarta history was started. This area is one of the earliest examples of Dutch Architecture and town planning. Jakarta History Museum, Station Kota (fig. 5), Museum Bank Indonesia (fig. 6), are three of many historical buildings in the Old Town. 3.1.2. Government Regulation and Plan Realizing the importance of preserving the Old Town, Jakarta Province Government has been listed some regulations and plans regarding the presence of this Jakarta historic area (Lukito, 2010). 1. In 1972, Ali Sadikin, the Governor of Jakarta during that time, declared the area of Old Town as a cultural conservation area. 2. In 1992, the Governor Soerjadi Soedirdja issued the Act of Heritage Building Protection. Government inventoried 117 historical buildings in the Old Town

Figure 5. Station Kota Jakarta.

Figure 6. Museum Bank Indonesia.

of Jakarta that will be preserved. 3. In 2006, the Governor Soetiyoso launched a master plan for revitalization of the Old Town. There are also three classifications of heritage building. These classifications will determine the rule of building’s preservation (Aditya, 2012). • A: Not allowed to be torn down, except under certain conditions and any renovation should maintain the original design. • B: Can be demolished internally but the main external structures cannot be change. • C: May be altered and renovated but only in accordance with the primary designs in the surrounding neighborhood. However, in the reality, government does not fully implement this regulation. A lot of heritage building has been built without really following the rules. For example is the Beautiful House (or Rumah Cantik) in Menteng (fig. 7 and fig.8), an elite housing complex in Jakarta. The house was built in 1932 and protected as a heritage building under a 1993 gubernatorial decree (Rulistia, 2011). Though, recently, the new owner of the house deliberately demolished the original structure of the building. Is it owners fault? Or government? It would be

Figure 7. Rumah Cantik, Menteng in original condition.

Figure 8. Rumah Cantik, Menteng in current condition.

hard to blame the owners, as there are many difficulties of having a heritage building. Maintenance cost, value of the property, and the design that is out of date, are few examples. Nonetheless, lack of government’s commitment and consistency in preserving heritage buildings is the one that should really be questioned. 3.1.3. Tangible and Intangible Heritage In term of conserving or preserving buildings, there are two types of heritage that’s need to be dealt, which are tangible and intangible heritage. Tangible heritage covers the physical aspect of built heritage, such as monuments and archeological sites, where intangible relates to the non-physical elements of culture (tab. 1). For most of the time intangible seems to be neglected during preservation of heritage area. Architects and urban designers seem to forget to study the area from the street’s level, instead they only analyze the area from the top or bigger plan. Architects need to understand that the focus of built architecture is not laid simply on its building, but also within its social and cultural context. So, it is important for the Old Town to preserve the intangible as important as the tangible one. Both of them are the valuable historical and cultural assets of the Old Town.

Tangible Heritage

Intagible Heritage

• • • •

• • • • • •

Historical Building Urban Fabric Waterfront Historical Sites

Cultural Traditions Skills and Crafts Local Business Languages Religious Practices Literature

Source: PRCUD Jakarta Final Report, 2007

Table 1. Tangible and intangible heritage.

Figure 9. Betawi cultural tradition of Ondel-Ondel.

3.1.4. Jakartans, especially young people, start to have interest in the history of Jakarta There is a growing number of the visitors into museums in the Old Town of Jakarta (tab.2). It seems that people start to appreciate the antiquity of the Old Town. No.

Museum

2007

2008

2009

Jakarta History Museum (Former Stadhuis 84,612 of Batavia)

78,081

143,058

298,868

Maritime Museum

14,082

10,033

10,523

Fine Art and Ceramic Museum (Former 17,349 Court of Justice of Batavia)

20,747

27,386

53,095

Puppet Museum

43,512

81,207

Source: Ministry of Culture and Tourism (2010)

2006

9,878

Table 2. Museum â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s visitor statistic at the Old Town.

3.2. Identity/Representation 3.2.1. Branding As a heritage place, the Old Town of Jakarta has lost its identity. Unoccupied and unmaintained buildings become an image that Jakartans has. Without much public attractions (commercial) and its high volume of traffic, there is almost no reason for visitors to spend their time in the Old Town. In order to attract more public attention, the Old Town needs to find their new brand or image. Branding closely relates to people perception into one product. A new image could give people an impression of total atmosphere (Nas 1986, p.2). 3.2.2. Kampoeng or Nation After 1998 riots, there was a radical shift in Indonesian Architecture. Architecture tried to represent the ‘New Indonesia.’ According to Koesno, there are two types of architecture narrative at Post Soeharto era, which are “Nation” and “Kampung”. Kampung is associated to the ordinary “private” house, where nation refers to the extraordinary “public” commercial building (Kuesno 2010, p.62). Both of the narrative represents the social life in Indonesia.

Kampoeng Artist Kota Tua

Figure 10. Branding of Kampoeng Artist.

sents the social life in Indonesia. “Kampung” architecture in a way tries to close the gap between the middle to lower class in Jakarta. Tanjung Duren House (fig. 11) by Adi Purnomo, demonstrates the integration of urban “kampong” typology in the middleclass house. The house discards the concept of “façade oriented architecture” that is common in Jakarta (Kuesno 2010, p.64). Instead, the architect place more humble materials (such as bamboo) in the exterior part of the house. The house is being sensible towards its social context. The architect uses architecture as a medium to minimize the tension between social classes, and also between city and kampong. On the other hand, “Nation” architecture deals with an idea of national rehabilitation. Mega projects (ex. fig. 12) is believed to be a solution ‘to overcome the financial crisis and reinvigorate the economic life of the nation and presumably also the social life’ (Kusno 2010, p.73). Although it seems like a worthy purpose, such projects at the end only seek a national recognition in order to compete in the markets. Each architect competes to create a better and more spectacular design, so they can claim it as an Indonesian’s icon.

Figure 11. Tanjung Dureng House by Adi Purnomo.

Tanjung Duren House

Green C

Figure 1: The Exterior of Tanjung Duren House (2000). Source: Achmad Yori Antar (eds), The Long Road Towards Recognition, 2005

Both “Kampung” and “Nation” have different representations. As a meaning, “Kampung” has more

Figure 12. Central Park by Podomoro. 16

For Mamo’s discussion on Tanjung Duren House, see: Adi Purnomo, Relativitas, 2005 Achmad Tardiyana and Yori Antar, The Long Road Towards Recognition, 2005 pp. 58-59

solution regarding the social problem in the city of Jakarta. While, as a brand or image, “Nation” offer more benefits. The question would be; which one does the Old Town of Jakarta wants to choose as their new brand? A good answer would be the combination between those narratives. If the typology of “Kampung” can be integrated into the large scope of “Nation”, then it will create an evocative image of the Old Town.

Ethnic

Percentage

Javanese

35,16%

Betawi

27,5%

Sundanese

15,27%

Chinese

5,53%

Batak

3,61%

Minang

3,18%

Source: Central Statistic Agency (BPS), 2010 Table 3. Ethnic statistic in Jakarta.

3.3. Socio-Culture 3.3.1. Jakarta is a Multicultural City Jakarta is a place where people from different cultural (tab. 3), racial and religious meet together (Heuken 1983, p. 11). People from every region in the archipelago try their fortune in Jakarta. Better education, work, and modern life become the magnets of Jakarta. 3.3.2. Social Difference among Jakartans There is a social tension between the lower class and the middle class in Jakarta. The middle-upper class seems to be exclusive and insensitive towards the lower class. The construction of mega projects in Jakarta are the examples of their disparity.

Figure 13. Social contrast in Jakarta between the poor and the rich.

3.3.3. Jakartans still Miss the Old Time Currently in Jakarta, there is a trend in retail sector of using cultures to promote their business. “Jakarta Tempoe Doeloe” becomes a popular theme for new restaurants or shops in Jakarta. They specifically design their restaurants or shops to become a reminiscence of the good old time. Eat and Eat Food court in Kelapa Gading Mall and “Jakarta Food and Festival” are two of many examples of that trend. 3.3.3.1. Eat and Eat Situated at one shopping mall in Kelapa Gading, the concept of Eat and Eat (Fig.14) is to create a food court with an atmosphere of the old Jakarta China Town. The place is always full of crowd since it opened in 2009. The traditional authentic food and its interior setting become a magnet for Jakartans. 3.3.3.2 Jakarta Fashion and Food Festival Each year, in order to celebrate their anniversary, Government of Jakarta partners with Private Corporation run “Jakarta Fashion and Food Festival” (Fig. 14). The initial idea is to promote Jakarta’s cultural richness through food and fashion. The festivals are situated in few Jakarta shopping malls. By using temporary stands and structures, the festivals try to replicate the notion of

Figure 14. Eat and Eat Foodcourt.

Figure 15. Jakarta Fashion and Food Festival at La Piazza.

Jakarta in the old time. It attempts to give nostalgia to Jakartans through traditional food and fashion. There are huge enthusiasms from Jakartans, and tourists towards this festival. The festivals always overcrowded with huge numbers of visitors. Those two examples show that Jakartans or Indonesian still miss the old time. Although, globalization and westernization struck Jakarta or Indonesia generally, in last 10 or 20 years, Indonesian still love their culture.

4. Case Studies 4.1. Heritage Preservation in Jakarta 4.1.1. Green Cetral City Location: Gajah Mada, West Jakarta Area: 1,4 ha Residences: Adenium Tower, 37 floors, 422 apartment units, 2 penthouse units Hotel: Novotel, 23 floors, 235 rooms Commercial and Office Developer: PT Bumi Perkasa Permai Investment: $100 million

Figure 16. Exterior view of Green Central City.

Station Kota Square

Green Central City

Figure 17. Aerial view of Candra Naya.

Chandra naya / Tjandra Naja • A house with outstanding Chinese architecture that stores a long history of the presence of ethnic Chinese in Batavia during the colonial era. • The Candra Naya was built in the late 18th century as the home of a prominent Chinese figure. • After the death of the owner, the building was donated into social organization. • Candranaya is an A-type heritage building, which means that any change to its original design is strictly prohibited. Figure 18. Original form of Candra Naya

Construction Stages • In 1992 the construction of the two-towers project proposed by a private developer was approved by the city administration. • Widespread protests led to a compromise that the main buildings of the old house would be retained as part of the lobby for the new structure. • The construction stopped at 1997 due to economy crisis. • At 2007, the project continued with a new branding identitiy.

Figure 19. Candra Naya during construction of Green Central City

The New Vision for Chandra Naya • Modern Chinatown. A house for Chinese celebration • Candra Naya is expected to become one of the Old Jakarta’s landmarks.

Figure 20. New concept of Candra Naya

4.1.2. Grand Indonesia Location: Bundaran HI, Thamrin, Central Jakarta Area: 7 Hectares Residences: Kempinski Residences, 55 floors, 189 apartment units and 11 penthouse Office: 57 floored shopping mall in 15,000 sqm area and eleven screen movie theater. Hotel Indonesia Kempinski with 270 room units, area of 30,000 sqm. Architect: RTKL (Los Angeles), PT Anggara Architeam. Developer: Djarum Group, PT Cipta Karya Bumi Indah Figure 21. Grand Indonesia.

Sarina Tower Grand Indonesia

Figure 22. Plan of Grand Indonesia.

Hotel Indonesia • Located in the prime location of Jl. Thamrin. • Hotel Indonesia was inaugurated 5 August 1962 by President Soekarno. • It was build for the preparation of Asian Games 1962. • The first five-star hotel in Jakarta. • The building was declared as national heritage by the local government, Pemda DKI, in 29 March 1993. Preservation • Replicate the old facade of old Hotel Indonesia. • Keep the T-shape of the orginal design • Reworks the utopian idea of Soekarno.

Figure 23. Current Hotel Indonesia.

New Design • The shopping center divided into two malls, which are east and west mall. • They are decorated thematically and stocked with stylistic goods accroding to terms such as ‘classical’, the ‘modern’, the ‘futuristic’, etc. • The different themes in on shopping mall, try to give a form of nostalgia in this superblock.

Figure 24. Original Hotel Indonesia.

4.2. Social Housing in Jakarta 4.2.1. Gading Nias Residence Finished: 2010 Areas: 4 ha Tower: 5 Level: 25 Bedrooms: 5023 units Price: $14,000- $22,000

Figure 25. Gading Nias Residence.

Figure 26. Aerial view of Gading Nias Residence.

Housing Problems in Jakarta • Jakarta needs about 70,000 housing units every year to cater to its growing population, however the city administration is only able to provide 20 percent of that figure. • A growing number of slums and squatters areas • Social-space inequalities- the number of houses occupied exceeding the capacity 1000 Tower Plan • In 2007, Indonesian Government administration proclaimed its “1,000 Towers” plan, the provision of one million high-rise apartments mostly in Jakarta and other large cities in Java. • The apartments units can be utilized by families/ individual with income of a range of $250 to $450 per month (low to middle income). • The Government provided $ 4 billion to facilitate the 1000 Tower Plan.

Figure 27. Housing in poor area of Jakarta.

- In 2007,

“1,000

Figure 28. Jusuf Kalla with his 1000 Tower Plan.

apartment

- The apa

income of income).

Analysis on Nias Residences Positives • It address a growing housing crisis in Jakarta • It provides people with low income to have a better home environment. • People could buy a home which they probably cannot afford, with a subsidy program. Negatives • Not enough car park spaces. They only provide 550600 spaces for 5023 unit apartments • Some of the buyers were not from low income sallary. • Do not have strict regulations in term of buying and selling.

Figure 29. Facilities in Gading Nias Residence.

Figure 30. Interior Room Layout.

4.3. Kampoeng Revitalization 4.3.1. Kampung Kali Code, Yogyakarta Upgrading an informal settlement Architect: Yousef B. Mangunwijaya Construction period: 1983-85 Location: Yogyakarta, Indonesia Cultural and Social Context Kampung Kali Code is an informal village settlement built on government-owned land at the banks of the river Code, Jogjakarta. The site had been used as a refuse dump and open sewer. It was originally a place where illegal immigrants that come from other parts of the Indonesia, and the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;undesirablesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; of the society sought for shelter. All the squatter dwellings originally consisted of plastic sheet covered cardboard cartons which disintegrated. During rainy season, this area always becomes vulnerable to flood. By 1983, the government was about to demolish the settlement as they believe that the area was unsuitable for living. However, Y.B. Mangunwijaya (an architect, priest as well as social activist), fought to improve the conditions of the settlement, tackling the most needy members of the community first and pursuing a cooperative arrangement where the community had to work together to build the

Figure 31. Romo Mangunâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s drawing for Kampung Kali Code.

Figure 32. Aerial view of Kampung Kali Code.

houses. Responding largely to site conditions and needs of the inhabitants, the quarters grew organically. In line with Romo Mangun’s concept of creating a sustainable and cooperative community, the only component that was planned was the ‘House of Brotherhood of Neighbours’ a place for learning, meetings and sharing. Material and Design Techniques Design and construction commenced in 1983 and was completed within two years. The design process required only few drawings and no construction documents. The steeply sloping narrow site was shored up by a series of stone retaining walls. Because the refuse had been compacted over many years to form a firm base for light-weight construction, wood “A” frame stilt houses could be supported on simple conical concrete footings. Bamboo posts were used for joists and plaited bamboo for walls and floor covering. Roofs are corrugated iron or tile. Guided by volunteer art students, tenants painted the exteriors of their houses using traditional animal, plant and monster motifs.

Figure 33. Construction of Kampung Kali Code.

Figure 34. Facade treatment at Kampung Kali Code.

5. Design Intention

Figure 35. Indonesianâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Culture.

As the nation capital, Jakarta is â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;melting potâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; of representatives from throughout the archipelago. It is a city of contrast; the traditional and the modern, the sacral and the worldly, the poor and the rich, often stand side by side in this bustling metropolis. So, the new program for the re-activation of the Old Town of Jakarta needs to be inclusive in order to address those contrasts. The programs must be designed to have interactions and cultural exchanges between locals and visitors, as well as different social classes. Moreover, there is a need for finding a new identity to re-activate the Old Town of Jakarta. It might be the time for a new and fresh architectural intervention to invigorate the area. Culture and Art would be a potential theme, since Jakarta is famous for its cultural richness. At the end, the Re-activation the Old Town would also mean the re-activation of local economy sector. By creating a place that could attract regular visitors, indirectly, it will give domino effect for the opening of other commercial activity around the area. 29

6. Key Questions

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

How to revitalize the Old Town as an attractive, functional, and historical place at the same time? How far can one architectural intervention influence the re-activation of the Old Town? What kind of representation this architectural intervention should have? What can this architectural intervention offer in relation to social and cultural aspect? What is the role of local people in the revitalization of the Old Town? 30

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. T.

JL.

PERTOKOAN

PUSAT PERBELANJAAN

BAR

.PI NT

JL JL.

I BE KAL

SIA

GAA

. PE JL

ANG JL. PIN

. T.

BAR

PERTOKOAN

SIA

I BE KAL

ANG JL. PIN

R SE LATA N4

PERTOKOAN

GAA

. PE

7.4. Problems and Potentials

Current Problems: • The accessibility for pedestrian is uncomfortable and unsafe with damaged pedestrian walkway, lots of street hawkers, and illegal street parking. • High volume of car traffic and its pollution, especially during peak hours. • Lots of unoccupied and unmaintained building around the site. • The local commercial sectors do not reach their full potential. Potentials: • Developed Tourism place can increase the local economic income. • The program of the site could compliment the historical buildings in the Old Town (Station Kota, Museum Bank Mandiri, etc) as an urban cultural heritage tourism. • Reachable via different public transport systems (Busway, Train, Minibus) • A pedestrian-friendly scheme will maximize visitor’s interaction with surroundings.

8. Proposal

Kampoeng Artist: an artist collective - mixed used development. • Low-cost housing for Institut Kesenian Jakarta (IKJ) students and artists • Workshop spaces for students and artists • Art Theatre (amphitheatre and small indoor theatre) • Art Library • Open space/green space • Art Retail and Cafe (selling traditional Indonesian’s food)

9. Progress Works 9.1. Space Studies

9.2. Facade Studies

9.3. Massing Studies

9.4. Massing Model

9.5. Week 7 Midterm Presentation JL. KALI

BESAR

MESS TAMAN FATAHILAH

PERTOKOAN

JL. KETUMBAR

MUSIUM WAYANG

CILIWUNG

BESAR

KALI

TIMUR

JL. PINTU

BESAR

JL. KALI

JL. KEMUKUS

JL. KALI

MUSIUM FATAHILAH

BANK EXIM

UTARA

BAHKRA ADIGUNA

KANTOR PAJAK JASA RAHARJA

JL. LADA

KANTOR

PT. KARYA NIAGA

METEOROLOGI

BANK BNI 46

PERKANTORAN PERKANTORAN

PERKANTORAN

Kampoeng Artist at Kota Tua Jakarta

BANK DAGANG NEGARA

BANK DAGANG NEGARA BANK BNI 46 MASJID BNI 46

JL. BANK

JL. LADA

Kampoeng Artist Kota Tua

BANK BUMI DAYA

BANK INDONESIA BANK BUMI DAYA

by Hizkia Irwanto Gouw 378785 Master of Architecture Thesis Studio Studio Leaders: Amanda Achmadi

PARKIR BI STASIUN KERETA API KOTA

ST.

JL. PINTU

KOTA

BANK EXIM

BESAR

JL. MANGGA

DUA

UTARA

BATU JL. JEMBATAN

BATU

JL. JEMBATAN

KALI

BESAR

PERTOKOAN

PERTOKOAN BANK EXIM

JL.

PERTOKOAN

JL. ASEM

ASEMKA

JL.

A TIMUR

PERTOKOAN

PINANGSI

TK. JEMBATAN BATU

PERTOKOAN

JL.

ASEMKA

BCA

JL.

JL .PINTU BESAR SELATAN 1

JL. ASEM

PERKANTORAN

PINANGSIA

SELATAN

JL. PINTU

GLODOK

BARAT

JL .PASAR

PERTOKOAN

3 JL. PINANGSIA

BESAR SELATAN

TEMPAT PARKIR

PERTOKOAN

JL. PINANGSIA

PERTOKOAN

PASAR PAGI

PERKANTORAN

SELATAN

PERTOKOAN

PERKANTORAN

BESAR

JL .PINTU

.PINTU

SELATAN

PETAK

PT JARORED

JL.

PERTOKOAN

BESAR

SEMBI

JL.

PINANGSIA

SELATAN

LAN

BESAR

KALI

PANIN BANK

JL .PINTU

BESAR

JL.

PERTOKOAN

PINANGSIA

PERTOKOAN

PERTOKOAN PERTOKOAN

PERTOKOAN

SD 01, 02 SMEA 7

PERTOKOAN

BESAR

.PINTU JL

SEBERA

BARAT

. T.T.

PERTOKOAN

BESAR

KALI NG

JL. PINANGSIA

PERNIA

SELATAN

PERTOKOAN

GAAN JL.

JL.

PUSAT

PANCOR AN

PERTOKOAN

PERBELANJAAN GLODOK

Problem Statement Nowadays, The Old Town of Jakarta is not becoming a prime destination anymore for tourism. Most of the heritage buildings are damage and unmaintained, which creates a negative image for the visitors. Moreover, there is also a big concern with the lack of attractive places and public facilities around the Old Town. In order to attract larger visitors, these problems need to be addressed. Visitors will not come to the Old Town just for the sake of admiring the historical buildings; they also need attractive places that can offer various activities.

Design Intention There is a need for finding a new identity to revitalize the Old Town of Jakarta. It might be the time for a new and fresh architectural intervention to invigorate the area. Culture and Art would be a potential theme, since Jakarta is famous for its cultural richness. Re-activate the Old Town, would also mean the re-activation of local economy sector. By creating a place that could attract regular visitors, indirectly, it will give domino effect for the opening of other commercial activity around the area. Thus, most importantly, this architectural intervention needs to be inclusive in addressing the social problem in Jakarta. The programs must be designed to have interactions and cultural exchanges between locals and visitors, as well as different social classes. Aerial View of Kampoeng Artist

Conceptual Diagram

Heritage Preservation

Kampoeng Typology

Conceptual Diagram

Socio-Culture Exchange JA KA RTA KOTA STAT ION SQUA RE C IRCA 1 9 3 8

Control

Branding

Kampoeng ARtist

In between Spaces

Interaction

Co-housing Typology

Collective

Dispersed http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4084/5005543778_d6c89f92ea_b.jpg

Hybrid

Central Courtyard Linear

Design Method

Theatrical

Painting

Dancing

Music

Perspective View into Amplhitheatre.

Section A

1:200

Kampoeng Artist

ST. KOTA

NTU JL. PI A TAR AR U BES

Grid Planning BANK DAGANG NEGARA

BANK DAGANG NEGARA BANK BNI 46

DA JL. LA

NK JL. BA

BANK BUMI DAYA

BANK INDONESIA BANK BUMI DAYA

STASIUN KERETA API KOTA

ST. KOTA

NT JL. PI SAR U BE

BANK EXIM

UTAR

EM JL. AS

JL. SIA

ANG

PIN T

TAN

ASEM

JL.

PERTOKOAN

1:400

LA R SE BESA

JL.

NTU JL. PI

Ground Floor Plan Kampoeng Artist

A BAR

BANK EXIM

ASEM

Gallery/Exhibition Space BCA

Stair from the Stasiun Kota Tunnel EM JL. AS

Artist Retail Workshop Space JL. NGSI PINA RAT A BA

TAN

SELA

NTU JL. PI

AS JL .P

OK GLOD

PERTOKOAN

Kampoeng Artist

TEMPAT PARKIR

First Floor Plan

PERTOKOAN

Kampoeng Artist

LATA R SE

1:500 PERTOKOAN

Artist Housing IKJ Student Housing

BESA

Massing Block

Amphitheatre

1:400

NGSI

NA JL. PI

9.6. Week 10 Presentation JL. KALI

BESAR

MESS TAMAN FATAHILAH

PERTOKOAN

JL. KETUMBAR

MUSIUM WAYANG

CILIWUNG

BESAR

KALI

TIMUR

JL. PINTU

BESAR

JL. KALI

JL. KEMUKUS

JL. KALI

MUSIUM FATAHILAH

BANK EXIM

UTARA

BAHKRA ADIGUNA

KANTOR PAJAK JASA RAHARJA

JL. LADA

KANTOR

PT. KARYA NIAGA

METEOROLOGI

BANK BNI 46

PERKANTORAN PERKANTORAN

PERKANTORAN

Kampoeng Artist at Kota Tua Jakarta

BANK DAGANG NEGARA

BANK DAGANG NEGARA BANK BNI 46 MASJID BNI 46

JL. BANK

JL. LADA

Kampoeng Artist Kota Tua

BANK BUMI DAYA

BANK INDONESIA BANK BUMI DAYA

by Hizkia Irwanto Gouw 378785 Master of Architecture Thesis Studio Studio Leaders: Amanda Achmadi

PARKIR BI STASIUN KERETA API KOTA

ST.

JL. PINTU

KOTA

BANK EXIM

BESAR

JL. MANGGA

DUA

UTARA

BATU JL. JEMBATAN

BATU

JL. JEMBATAN

KALI

BESAR

PERTOKOAN

PERTOKOAN BANK EXIM

JL.

PERTOKOAN

JL. ASEM

ASEMKA

JL.

A TIMUR

PERTOKOAN

PINANGSI

TK. JEMBATAN BATU

PERTOKOAN

JL.

ASEMKA

BCA

JL.

JL .PINTU BESAR SELATAN 1

JL. ASEM

PERKANTORAN

PINANGSIA

SELATAN

JL. PINTU

GLODOK

BARAT

JL .PASAR

PERTOKOAN

3 JL. PINANGSIA

BESAR SELATAN

TEMPAT PARKIR

PERTOKOAN

JL. PINANGSIA

PERTOKOAN

PASAR PAGI

PERKANTORAN

SELATAN

PERTOKOAN

PERKANTORAN

BESAR

JL .PINTU SELATAN

.PINTU

PETAK

PERTOKOAN

BESAR 4

PT JARORED

JL.

SEMBI

JL.

PINANGSIA

SELATAN

LAN

BESAR

KALI

PANIN BANK

JL .PINTU

BESAR

JL.

PERTOKOAN

PINANGSIA

PERTOKOAN

PERTOKOAN PERTOKOAN

PERTOKOAN

SD 01, 02 SMEA 7

PERTOKOAN

BESAR

.PINTU JL

SEBERA

BARAT

. T.T.

PERTOKOAN

BESAR

KALI NG

JL. PINANGSIA

PERNIA

SELATAN

PERTOKOAN

GAAN JL.

JL.

PUSAT

PANCOR AN

PERTOKOAN

PERBELANJAAN GLODOK

Conceptual Diagram

Heritage Preservation

Kampoeng Typology

Conceptual Diagram

Socio-Culture Exchange JA KA RTA KOTA STAT ION SQUA RE C IRCA 1 9 3 8

Control

Branding

Kampoeng ARtist

In between Spaces

Interaction

Co-housing Typology

Collective

Dispersed http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4084/5005543778_d6c89f92ea_b.jpg

Hybrid

Central Courtyard

DA JL. LA

BANK BUMI DAYA

STASIUN KERETA API KOTA

KOTA ST.

NTU JL. PI AR R UT

BESA

ATAN

MB JL. JE

BATU

ATAN

MB JL. JE

BATU

PERTOKOAN

Ground Floor Plan

BANK EXIM

1:250

Kampoeng Artist

PERTOKOAN

BCA

EM JL. AS

JL. NGSI

PINA

BESA NTU JL. PI

RAT A BA

TAN

LA OK SE

OD AR GL

AS JL .P

PERTOKOAN

LA R SE

PERTOKOAN

TAN

TEMPAT PARKIR

NGSI

NA JL. PI

PERTOKOAN

PERTOKOAN PERKANTORAN

PERKANTORAN

JL .P IN

BES

PERTOKOAN

SEL

Site Plan

ATA

1:500

First Floor Plan

1:250

Kampoeng Artist PT JARORED

Kampoeng Artist

Second Floor Plan

1:250

Kampoeng Artist

Third Floor Plan

1:250

Kampoeng Artist

Housing GF Plan Kampoeng Artist

1:100

Housing 1st Plan Kampoeng Artist

1:100

Housing 2nd Plan Kampoeng Artist

1:100

Housing 3rd Plan

1:100

Kampoeng Artist

10. Final Documentation / Presentation

10.1. Conceptual Diagram Conceptual Diagram

Socio-Culture Exchange

Branding

Kampoeng ARtist Collective

indirectly, it will give domino effect for the opening of other commercial activity JA KA RTA KOTA S TAT ION S QUA RE C IRCA 1 9 3 8

Typology architectural 10.2. intervention needs to be inclusive in addressing the social problem st be designed to have interactions and cultural exchanges between locals and ocial classes. 10.2.1. Kampoeng Typology

Control

Interaction

10.2.2. Co-housing Typology

Kampoeng Typology

Co-housing Typology

Dispersed http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4084/5005543778_d6c89f92ea_b.jpg

Control

In between Spaces

Central Courtyard

In between Spaces

Interaction

Hybrid

Linear

Co-housing Typology

Dispersed

Hybrid

Central Courtyard Linear

Figure 38. Example of kampoeng condition in Jakarta

Figure 39. Example of co-housing

10.3. Planning Diagram Artist’s Housing Art’s Retails and Galleries Cafe (Traditional Food) Grand Stair and Viewing Platform Artist’s Workshops

IKJ Students Housing Street Hawker’s Area Art Retails

Student Housing 101 Studio Rooms (@25,8m2) 33 Two Bedrooms (@35,2m2) Students Workshop 12 Smaller Workshops (@55,2m2) 2 Bigger Workshops (226,5m2, 151,5m2) Artists Housing 20 One Bedrooms (@48,7m2) Artist’s Workshop 8 Large Space Workshops (7x 146,2m2, 1x 93,7m2) Retail / Gallery Spaces (11x 55,2m2, 6x 146,2m2) Theatre 2 Level Indoor Theatre (342,8m2) Amphitheatre (194,5m2) Restoration 3 Level Library (514,7m2) Tunnel Entrance (75,1m2) 1 to 1 Museum (300,4m2)

Art Library Indoor Theatre Entrance from the Station Kota Amphitheatre Seating for Drop-off 1 to 1 Museum

10.4. Stage Planning Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 4

Stage 3

Preserving and re-using existing heritage buildings.

Create the landscaping of the site (amphitheatre, trees and greenery

Adding housings by keeping the typology of Chinese Shophouse

Placing Kampoeng style workshops and housings in the middle of the site and blend it with the Chinese Shophouse

10.5.Site Plan (1:5000)

Legends Circulation

DA JL. LA

NK JL. BA

Entrance from station kota

BANK BUMI DAYA

Entrance from the drop off point Side entrance

BANK INDONESIA BANK BUMI DAYA

Street hawker entrance Artl laneway entrance

TOKO SUNDAY

Retail Spaces

PARKIR BI

Entrance into student housing + workshops

STASIUN KERETA API KOTA

ST. KOTA

BESA NTU JL. PI

BANK EXIM

Artist’s workshops

A GA DU

NG JL. MA

Amphitheatre

ARA R UT

LI G

CIL

TU AN BA MBAT JL. JE TU AN BA MBAT JL. JE

Large IkJ workshops Entrance from station kota

PERTOKOAN

1 to 1 museum PERTOKOAN BANK EXIM

Art library

JL. GS

Indoor theatre

TK. JEMBATAN BATU

TIM

JL.

EM JL. AS

PERTOKOAN

ASEM

JL.

ASEM

BCA

RA A BA NGSI

PINA JL.

PERKANTORAN

JL .PINTU BESAR SELATAN 1

EM JL. AS

TAN

LA OK SE

PERTOKOAN

NGSI

NA JL. PI

PERTOKOAN

LATA R SE

BESA

TEMPAT PARKIR

PERTOKOAN

NTU JL. PI

OD AR GL

AS JL .P

NGSI

NA JL. PI

PERTOKOAN

PERKANTORAN

SA RS E

PERKANTORAN

JL .P IN

BES

PERTOKOAN

SELA

TAN

PT JARORED

JL.

BES

AR SEL ATA N

.PIN

SIA

ANG

10.6. Site Plan (1:3000)

Legends Circulation STASIUN KERETA API KOTA

KOT ST. A

INT JL. P

Side entrance

S U BE

BANK EXIM

Entrance from station kota Entrance from the drop off point GGA

AN JL. M

DUA

TA AR U

Street hawker entrance

N BATA

BATU

Artl laneway entrance

M JL. JE BATU TAN MBA JL. JE

Retail Spaces Entrance into student housing + workshops

PERTOKOAN

Artist’s workshops Amphitheatre Large IkJ workshops

BANK EXIM

PERTOKOAN

JL.

GS UR

TIM

Art library

TK. JEMBATAN BATU

Entrance from station kota 1 to 1 museum

Indoor theatre M

SE JL. A

PERTOKOAN

SEM

BCA

SE JL. A

SIA ANG

PIN JL.

A BAR

ATA

SEL

PERTOKOAN

IA NGS

INA JL. P

SAR U BE SEL

PERTOKOAN

ATA

TEMPAT PARKIR

PERTOKOAN

INT JL. P

DOK

O R GL

A .PAS

2 GSIA

INA JL. P

PERTOKOAN

10.7. Ground Floor Plan (1:750)

Legends 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1

3 5

13 13

6 14

2 7

9 12 10

7 10

Drop off Amphitheatre Art library Indoor theatre 1 to 1 museum Entrance from station kota 7. Art retail spaces and cafes 8. Entrance into student’s housing 9. Students private workshop 10. Artist’s workshops 11. Grand stair and viewing platform 12. Outdoor artist’s workshops 13. Stair 14. Public Toilet 15. IKJ’s workspace 16. Street hawker’s area 17. Art laneway

16 13 13

7 13

10 10

16 15 9

17 8

8 7

10.8. First Floor Plan (1:750)

Legends 3. 4. 5. 6.

Art library Indoor theatre 1 to 1 museum Entrance from station kota 11. Grand stair and viewing platform 13. Stair 14. Public Toilet 18. Art retail spaces and gallery 19. Void 20. Cafe (traditional food) 21. Studentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s common space

19 4 5

5 13 13 3

21 18

18 18

18 13

14 19

13 20

13 18 18

10.9. Second Floor Plan (1:750)

Legends 3. Art library 13. Stair 19. Void 21. Studentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s common space 22. Artistâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s common space

22 13

13 22

10.10. Third Floor Plan (1:750)

Legends 13. Stair 19. Void 21. Studentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s common space 22. Artistâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s common space

22 13

13 22

10.11. Roof Plan (1:750)

10.12. Sections (1:750)

Jl. Pintu Besar Selatan

Jl. Pinangsia Barat

Section A

Jl. Asem

Jl. Jembatan Batu

Section B

10.13. Jembatan Batu Elevation

10.14. Student Housing Cluster (1:400)

Cafe

Art’s laneway Art’s laneway Art’s laneway Art’s laneway

Student’s Student’s workshop workshop Student’s workshop Student’s workshop CommunalCommunal kitchen kitchen CommunalCommunal kitchen kitchen

Student’s Student’s housing housing Student’s housing Student’s housing entrance entrance entrance entrance

CommunalCommunal living CommunalCommunal living living living area area area area

CommunalCommunal kitchen kitchen CommunalCommunal kitchen kitchen

CommunalCommunal living CommunalCommunal living living living area area area area

CommunalCommunal kitchen kitchen CommunalCommunal kitchen kitchen

CommunalCommunal living CommunalCommunal living living living area area area area

Student’s Student’s workshop workshop Student’s workshop Student’s workshop

Retail space Retail space

Ground Level

First Level

Second Level

Third Level

10.15. Facade Types Bamboo fence

Recycled bottle

Old window louvre

Cement block

Plants

10.16. Housing Rooms Layout (1:100) IKJ Students’s Studio Room 5 x 5,5m = 27,5m2

IKJ Students’s 2 Bedroom 5 x 7,5m = 37,5m2

Artist’s 1 Bedroom 5 x 10m = 50m2

10.17. Material Palettes

Cement block with pattern

Recycle bottle

Local Timber

Bamboo pole

Glass louvre

Grass Paver

Bamboo plants

Recycled old window

Vines

Embroidered Batik pattern

Timber louvre/ Krepyak

Batik Grafitti

10.18. Aerial View

10.19. Exterior Housing

10.20. Amphitheatre

10.21. Viewing Platform

10.22. Inner Courtyard

10.23. Second Floor Retail

10.24. Laneway

10.25. Physical Model

11. Bibliography 11.1. Books Dullemen, C.J. van (2010) Tropical Modernity: Life and Work of C.P. Wolff Schoemaker, Amsterdam: SUN Architecture. Grijns, K. and Nas, Peter (eds) (2000) JakartaBatavia: Socio-cultural essays, Leiden: KITLV Press. Harjoko, Triatno Y (2009) Urban Kampung: its genesis and transformation into metropolis, with particular reference to Penggilingan in Jakarta, Saarbr端cken : VDM Verlag Dr. M端ller. Helmond, Arjan van (2007) Jakarta Megalopolis : horizontal and vertical observations, Amsterdam: Valiz, Pub. Jayapal, Maya (1993) Old Jakarta, New York : Oxford University Press. Kusno, Abidin. (2010) The Appearances of Memory: Mnemonic Practices of Architecture and Urbanism in Indonesia, Durham: Duke University Press. Merrilees, Scott (2000) Batavia in the Nineteenth Century Photographs, Richmond: Curzon Press. Nas, Peter (ed.) (2003) The Indonesian Town Revisited, Singapore: ISEAS Publishing.

Nas, Peter (ed.) (2006) The Past in the Present: Architecture in Indonesia, Rotterdam: Netherland Architect Institute (NAI). Silver, Christopher (2008) Planning the Megacity: Jakarta in the Twentieth Century, London: Routledge. 11.2. Online Resources http://arsitekjahat.wordpress.com/portofolio-2/ urban-design/ruang-publik-vertikal/ http://article.wn.com/view/2012/06/09/Menteng_ heritage_site_renovation_legal_Jakarta_administratio/ http://cintastasiunjakartakota.wordpress.com/ http://giraffesays.blogspot.com.au/2010/02/ portfolio-tugas-akhir-kampung-seni-dan.html http://jiwastudio.blogspot.com.au/2012/03/220jakarta-kota-historic-center.html http://kotatuajakarta.org/ http://rujak.org/about/ http://rumah-yusing.blogspot.com.au/2010/03/ oasis-social-housing.html http://thecityfix.com/blog/our-cities-ourselvesten-architects-re-imagine-urban-transport-in-2030/ 75

http://www.archiprix.org/2013/index. php?project=2959 http://www.bustler.net/index.php/article/jakarta_ bersih_-_nunc_architects_wins_visionary_architectural_ and_urban_des/ http://www.jakarta.go.id/jakv1/encyclopedia/ detail/3177 http://www.scribd.com/doc/35664363/OldBatavia-Intervention http://www.scribd.com/doc/36652867/JakartaGlobe-Saving-Batavia http://www.thejakartapost.com/ news/2008/08/04/owners-want-their-say-old-towndevelopment.html 11.3. Images http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-m5f2PHM4Qy0/ Tt1uh2CztWI/AAAAAAAAAB0/Up2m0O0Q0vs/s1600/ rumah-cantik.jpeg http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aodJdUkRLfQ/ T3JpLFZPNVI/AAAAAAAAANU/6t-dJpggHoU/s1600/ harmonikota.stasiun.jpg http://farm1.static.flickr. com/176/413486333_682dd6fe59.jpg http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4084/5005543778_ d6c89f92ea_b.jpg

http://klimg.com/merdeka.com/i/w/photonews/2 012/08/14/79009/640x320/ondel-ondel-ingatkan-wargabayar-zakat-001-mudasir.jpg http://mw2.google.com/mw-panoramio/photos/ medium/26944626.jpg http://the-marketeers.com/wp-content/ uploads/2011/04/eat-and-eat.jpg http://www.architectureindevelopment.org/ project.php?id=143#!prettyPhoto http://www.bcliving.ca/files/image/ Granville/2009/Blogs/Eds/GVO-Eds-Cohousing-3Windsong.jpg http://www.everywheremag.com/photos/10522 http://www.flickr.com/photos/30386377@ n03/4904373573/in/photostream http://www.flickr.com/photos/anindito/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/ anindito/1475553449/in/photostream/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/ anindito/1476391746/lightbox/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/ jonolist/413485244/sizes/o/in/photostream/ http://www.johntefon.com/johntefons-huntingseries/ http://www.mediaindonesia.com/spaw/uploads/ images/article/image/20111130_031834_2.jpg 76

As the nation capital, Jakarta is â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;melting potâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; of representatives from throughout the archipelago. It is a city of contrast; the traditional and the modern, the sacral and the worldly, the poor and the rich, often stand side by side in this bustling metropolis. Kampoeng Artist at the Old Town of Jakarta tries to deal with those contrasts by using the concept of inclusive urbanism. Kampoeng Artist consists of student housing, artist housing, workshops, art retails, art library, amphitheatre, indoor theatre, 1 to 1 museum, as well as open spaces. Through the mixed of programs that emphasizes on the traditional art and culture of Indonesia, Kampoeng Artist would encourage public engagement of all ages, ethnics, and classes. It offers interactions and cultural exchanges among locals and visitors. Moreover, in order to honour the history of the site and also to counter the dominance the colonial heritage at the northern part of the Old Town, the design of Kampoeng Artist traces back the indigenous urban form of Kampoeng and the Chinese settlement at the Old Batavia. Hizkia Irwanto Gouw