SPACE X HONG KONG - BEAM Plus Neighbourhood Publication

Book Title Authors

書名 作者

SPACE × HONG KONG

空間 × 香港

Hong Kong Public Space Initiative Think Tank 1

拓展公共空間智庫（一）

Hong Kong Green Building Council Alexandar (Sandy) M Duggie Iris Hoi

Editor

編輯

Publisher

出版

Design

設計

Idy Wong Lai-yin

Hong Kong Green Building Council PLAY Production

Hong Kong Green Building Council Limited 1/F Jockey Club Environmental Building, 77 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong www.hkgbc.org.hk

香港綠色建築議會 杜琦森 許虹

王麗賢

香港綠色建築議會 香港綠色建築議會有限公司 香港九龍塘達之路 77 號 賽馬會環保樓 1 樓

enquiry@hkgbc.org.hk

Publish Date

出版日期

Categories

圖書分類

ISBN Code

圖書編號

(852) 3994 8888

6/2018

978-988-77943-2-5

Urban Planning and Design

城市規劃及設計

Society

社會

Architecture

Hong Kong Studies Hong Kong Green Building Council Limited. All Rights Reserved ©2018 香港綠色建築議會有限公司 版權所有 不得翻印 ©2018 Not for Sale 非賣品

建築

香港研究

SPACE

PLACE

PEOPLE

Table of Contents 目錄 Messages 序

page 頁數

6

1

Let’s Talk about Public Space 談談公共空間

20

2

Building People-place Connections through Public Art 公共藝術：連繫人與地

34

3

An Urban Experiment to Explore Great Public Space Design 探索優質公共空間的城市實驗

66

Promoting Sustainable Lifestyle —

94

4

Hong Kong Green Building Council 香港綠色建築議會

Hong Kong Public Space Initiative 拓展公共空間

Hong Kong Public Space Initiative 拓展公共空間

Revitalisation of the Old Tai Po Police Station into the Green Hub for Sustainable Living

促進社區實踐永續生活 — 活化舊大埔警署成永續生活新基地 Idy Wong Lai-yin 王麗賢

4

Table of Contents 目錄

5

A Call for an Ecological Approach to Landscape Design in Hong Kong 從生態角度探討香港的園境設計

110

6

Exemplary Public Spaces in Hong Kong 優秀公共空間城中尋

138

7

More than Just "Space" 空間以外

154

Alexander (Sandy) M Duggie 杜琦森

Iris Hoi 許虹

Hong Kong Green Building Council 香港綠色建築議會

About the Contributors 關於作者

160

Acknowledgement 鳴謝

164

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

5

Message (1)

Raymond Lee, JP Director of Planning

Planning is about providing a sustainable

The making of quality and well-designed public

so does the BEAM Plus initiatives in promoting

Department in championing a smart, green, resilient

environment for people to live and work, and sustainable development. In particular, the BEAM Plus Neighbourhood (BEAM Plus ND), which is the

latest addition to the BEAM Plus family, is a tool developed to assess sustainability performance of

space is one of the core businesses of Planning and liveable city. The framework of BEAM Plus ND goes hand in hand with our planning work with the people of Hong Kong.

development project at the masterplanning stage.

SPACE Ă— HONG KONG will stimulate more dialogues

of our urban spaces through careful design of the

the development industry and the general public

It is about bringing positive experiences to users different form and function of them.

The three pioneering urban experiments in Kwun

Tong provide good reference on how quality design and innovative ideas can be employed in place-making aesthetic, functional and sustainable

public space. The exhibition of public art pieces, incorporation of community-related uses, and creation of quality leisure and recreational outdoor space represent new experiences in facilitating

people to interact, connect and strengthen their sense of belongings to the public space.

6

Messages ĺş?

and partnerships among different professionals of

for the betterment of our public realm. I would like

to take this opportunity to congratulate HKGBC

and HKPSI in putting together this publication and

to thank them for their efforts in bringing together

all stakeholders to make Hong Kong a liveable, competitive and sustainable Asia's world city.

序一

規劃署署長 李啟榮 , JP 規劃旨在締造可持續發展的環境，讓人們可安

規劃署致力使香港發展成為智慧、環保、具抗

為 目 標。 綠 建 環 評 最 近 新 增 的「 綠 建 環 評 社

拓設計完善的優質公共空間。綠建環評社區的

居樂業。「綠建環評」也是以促進可持續發展 區」為一項評估工具，用以在總體規劃階段，

評估發展項目在可持續發展方面的表現。綠建

環評社區通過悉心設計不同形式和功能的城市

禦力及宜居的城市，其中一項主要工作就是開 評估工作與我們和香港市民共同進行的規劃工 作息息相關，攜手並進。

空間，為城市空間的使用者帶來良好的體驗。

《空間 × 香港》將會推動發展業界的不同專

在觀塘推行的三項創新的城巿實驗甚具參考價

善本港的公共空間。我謹藉此機會祝賀香港綠

值，展示了如何利用優質設計和嶄新意念，配 合地方營造的手法，創造富美感，而且功能兼

備及可持續發展的公共空間。在觀塘的公共空 間展出公眾藝術作品、加入社區用途，以及開

闢優質的戶外文娛康樂活動場地，以促進社區

業人士及普羅市民更積極交流和合作，以期改 色建築議會和拓展公共空間合力製作了這刊 物，並感謝該兩個組織致力連繫所有持份者，

以推展香港成為宜居、具競爭力及可持續發展 的亞洲國際都會。

的 互 動、 連 繫， 加 強 社 區 對 公 共 空 間 的 歸 屬 感，可算是全新的嘗試。

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

7

Message (2)

Cheung Hau-wai, SBS Chairman Hong Kong Green Building Council

Hong Kong is a compact high-density city filled

It is the space between buildings where public

development model enables Hong Kong to be one

the tool also promotes the concept of "good

with high-rise buildings in the urban core. The of the most efficient cities in the world in terms of

transport and commerce. In recent years, Hong Kong is facing issues of quality of life and the lack of open space in the urban centres.

life happens and communities mingle. Therefore, neighbour", such that new developments would

integrate within the immediate neighbourhood in

the provision of common and shared amenities and open space.

The Hong Kong Green Building Council together

The key to sustainable communities does not rest

extension of Hong Kong’s BEAM Plus green building

plays a vital role too. Therefore, we partnered with

with the BEAM Society Limited launched, as an rating system, the BEAM Plus Neighbourhood, in late 2016. It is designed, in line with global trend on urban sustainability to go beyond buildings

towards the neighbourhood, the public realm, the

community, as well as on health and wellbeing.

The tool embraces quality open space, low-carbon

transport planning, promotion of sustainable lifestyle, conserving cultural assets and supporting

existing communities. The tool, as a part of the

with building practitioners only, the community the Hong Kong Public Space Initiative (HKPSI) to conduct an urban experiment in Yuet Wah Street

Playground and Kwun Tong Promenade, known as Art Connects: Kwun Tong, to explore the dynamics

between public space and the community. I am glad to share with you in this book the experience

learned from the urban experiments, and I hope it will inspire building practitioners and community.

BEAM Plus rating tool system, encourages and gives

I would like to thank HKPSI and their team for their

liveability and quality of living for all in Hong Kong.

contributors of this book. The launch of the book

recognition to development which enhances urban

efforts in the urban experiment, as well as other

is just the first step, and we will reach out to more stakeholders and work with other organisations, to

help enhance health and wellbeing of citizens, and build a greener and more liveable community.

8

Messages ĺş?

序二

香港綠色建築議會主席 張孝威 , SBS 香港是一個緊湊高密度且高樓大廈林立的城

要締造可持續社區不能單靠建築業界，社區也

面成為全球首屈一指的高效率城市。近年來，

空間合作，在月華街公園和觀塘海濱進行了一

市。這種發展模式令香港在交通和商業活動方 香港面對在市中心地區宜居性及缺乏公共空間 的挑戰。

香港綠色建築議會聯同建築環保評估協會在 2016 年 年 底 推 出 綠 建 環 評 社 區， 作 為 香 港 綠

擔當着一個重要的角色。因此我們與拓展公共 系列名為「地藝觀塘」的城市實驗，去探索公

共空間與社區的互動。透過這本書分享城市實 驗的經驗，我期望能引發業界和公眾對公共空 間的創意。

色建築評估工具的一個延伸。評估工具的設計

我在此感謝拓展公共空間及其團隊去籌備這個

社區，同時強調公共空間和大眾，以及身心靈

個引子，議會將繼續接觸不同持份者，以及與

配合全球都市可持續發展的趨勢，由建築走向 健康。這套評估工具涵蓋優質公共空間、低碳 交通規劃、推廣可持續生活方式、保留文化遺 產以及支持現有社區等。這套工具，聯同綠建

城市實驗，以及本書的其他作者。這本書只是

其 他 機 構 合 作， 共 同 推 動 改 善 市 民 的 身 心 健 康，建造更綠色、更宜居的社區。

環評其他工具，鼓勵和表揚改善香港都市宜居 性和生活質素的項目。

公共活動和社區聯繫往往會在樓宇之間的公共

空間發生。因此，綠建環評社區推廣「好鄰居」 的概念，鼓勵新發展項目融入鄰近現有的社區 並鼓勵設施和公共空間共享。

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

9

Message (3)

Larry Poon Convenor of Steering Committee for BEAM Plus Neighbourhood V1.0 (2012-16) Chairman of Roll-out Taskforce for BEAM Plus Neighbourhood (2015-16)

Not long ago, "sustainability" was the buzzword, by

and aspirations. Another dimension in placemaking

of "smart cities" – a solution that has prefaced

nature and the symbiotic relationship we have with

now cities are quickly jumping on the bandwagon a wide range of technology - so much so that

our cities will likely be transformed into urban

machines loaded with sensors, internet of things and digital calibrations of all kinds. However, most

of the discourse on smart city solutions focus on

is undoubtedly our understanding of our role in

nature and one another. Therefore, we must not

allow ourselves to develop such willing ignorance or be obsessed with convenience and efficiency at the expense of nature and humanity.

people as sources of data feeding the algorithms,

I was delighted to have the opportunity to be

of engagement, e.g. how people would like to

experiment in Kwun Tong. The experiment was

and they seldom consider humanity and its point

experience, interface and interact with the public realm. As artificial intelligence permeates more and more of our daily lives, Stephen Hawkings probably is not the only one to fear a robot takeover.

At the same time, human behaviour has basically

part of the HKPSI’s initiative in planning the urban also organised as a precursor activity to the 2016

launching of the BEAM Plus Neighbourhood - the

first rating tool in Hong Kong for measuring the

performance of public realm design beyond the building scale.

unchanged since the Big Bang and we remain

Jane Jacobs once put it, Cities have the capability

environment. Thus in any urban transformation

and only when, they are created by everybody.

the product of our needs, our thoughts and our process, it is vital to (re)examine the notion of

placemaking, as it is this very aspect which helps

define or improve the character of our city. Two fundamental principles in any placemaking effort

are: first, it must respond and engage with its genius loci (or specific physical and cultural context); and secondly, it must relate directly to the public use

10

Messages 序

of providing something for everybody, only because

Whether the HKPSI’s city experiment — and its

sequel if any — will fulfil this promise should be one many will be watching with much interest.

序三

綠建環評社區 1.0 版督導委員會召集人 (2012-16) 綠建環評社區專責小組主席 (2015-16) 潘智暉 不久之前，「可持續發展」還是個潮語，現在，

的角色，以及我們與大自然及彼此相互的共生

一 種 依 賴 各 項 不 同 科 技 的 解 決 辦 法 ⸺以 至 我

法滋長，或沉醉於方便和效率中，而犧牲了大

各城市都紛紛跳上「智慧城市」這列快車⸺ 們的城市都彷彿被轉化成配備着感應器、物聯 網和各式各樣的數碼調較裝置的都市機器。然

關係。所以，我們不能任憑這種甘願無知的想 自然和人性。

而，大部分有關智慧城市解決方案的論述，都

我很榮幸能有機會參與拓展公共空間在觀塘進

從人性角度出發，或從科技與人的接觸層面去

2016 年 推 出 的 綠 建 環 評 社 區 的 前 奏 活 動。 綠

集中將人視作提供大數據的資訊來源，卻鮮有 思 考， 例 如， 人 們 想 在 公 共 空 間 有 怎 樣 的 經

驗、聯繫和交流 ? 正當人工智能已滲透我們日

常生活每一個角落，也許霍金不是唯一的人對

行城市實驗的早期規劃工作。這個實驗亦是於

建環評社區是香港首個在建築物以外用作評估 公共空間設計表現的工具。

機械人全面統治的恐懼作出警告。

正如珍．雅各說過：「城市有能力為所有人提

同時，人類的行為自宇宙大爆炸以來基本上沒

所有人共同建造出來！」，到底拓展公共空間

有怎樣改變，我們依然是我們的所需、所想和

身處環境的產物。所以，任何都市轉化過程，

（重新）審視地方營造是必須的，正正是這一 範疇幫助我們去界定或改善整個城市的風格。

供一點東西，只因為，亦只有當這個城市是由

的城市實驗（以及日後如有類似實驗）能否實 現這個承諾，相信這是個很多關心的人想知道 的議題！

不論是任何地方營造的工夫，都有兩個基本原

則 : 首先，它一定要和「地方精神」或是特有 的自然和文化的背景回應和接合；其次，它一

定要聯繫着大眾所需的用途和理想。地方營造

另一個的層面是我們如何理解我們身處大自然

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

11

Message (4)

Karl Chan Founder and Chairman Hong Kong Public Space Initiative

It is place-making, not place-made.

It is a process.

You are never finished.

Project for Public Spaces

In the process, there were lots of conflicting values, but this is exactly the diversity of preferences and

thus the debates that define a public space, and this

is why we value any experiments that explore what people want and how we can balance the interest of different people in a "public" space.

I am very proud of our team who went beyond

When we first started the Hong Kong Public Space

the standard framework and explored myriad

spaces with "our vision"— a free space that teems

we know what worked, what didn’t. We, however,

trucks. Yes, that is my ideal public space, and I

ongoing process, and I hope our findings this time

Initiative (HKPSI), we strived to improve public

possibilities in the community of Kwun Tong. Now

with lawn, busking, art, and perhaps a few food

are not done. Community engagement is always an

thought that would be everyone’s dream too.

will inspire more to get involved in the place-making

I was wrong. Through our subsequent community

of public participation.

I came to realise everyone has his/her own vision for

Last but not least, I would like to thank the Hong

sit on a lawn, but for the elderly, benches with a back

members Mr Cheng Keng-ieong and Mr Hsu Hoi-

they prefer a quiet environment to chat with their

Terence Leung, Hour25, Yuet Wah Street Resident

engagement projects in Yau Ma Tei and Kwun Tong,

process, empowering Kwun Tong with more sense

public space. I, as a young adult, might only want to

Kong Green Building Council, District Council

is a must, and some do not even want any music as

shan, our partners in the urban experiment, including

old friends.

Association and Mr Ng, Think Tank 1 of HKPSI, Long

and flowBOOKS, as well as all volunteers who have made this happen with us. It has been a pleasant journey but I believe this is only the first chapter of our book.

12

Messages 序

序四

拓展公共空間創會主席 陳文浩

這是空間營造，

在參與項目過程中會發現很多互相衝突的價值

這當中需要一個過程，

構建出來，因此我們珍惜每個實驗機會，探索

而非營造了的空間。

你永遠沒有完工的一天。 Project for Public Spaces 當我們著手籌劃組織「拓展公共空間」之時，

我們一心想著着要改善公共空間，以達致我們

的 願 景 ⸺一 個 有 着 綠 油 油 的 草 皮， 有 不 同 街 頭表演者駐足，有藝術，甚至有數輛美食車的 自由空間。沒錯，這就是我心目中的理想公共 空間，我以為人人都這麼想。

我錯了。透過先前在油麻地和在觀塘一連串的 社區參與項目，我發現每個人也有自己心目中 理想的公共空間。我身為一個年輕人，可能喜 歡坐在草皮上。但對老年人來說，有靠背的長 椅是不可或缺的。有些甚至連音樂也不想聽， 因為他們只想有個安靜環境與老友攀談。

觀，但公共空間正是由這些不同的喜好及討論 到底人們想要甚麼，以及怎樣去平衡不同人在 公共空間的利益。

我為我們的團隊能跨越既定框架在觀塘社區尋 求無數可能性而感到驕傲。現在我們知道哪些 可行，哪些不可行。但是，我們的工作尚未完 結，社區參與是一個持續的過程。我寄望我們

這次的經驗可以啟發更多同行者參與地方營造 的過程，鼓勵觀塘人有更強的公共參與意識。

最後，我衷心感謝香港綠色建築議會、區議員

鄭 景 陽 先 生 和 徐 海 山 先 生， 我 們 的 實 驗 伙 伴 : 梁曉然、佰刻制作、月華街居民協會、吳培疆

老師、拓展公共空間智庫（一）、Long、漂書 店，以及所有義工令這項目得以圓滿完成。這 是一段美妙的旅程，但這只是個開始，更多精 彩歷程將由此展開！

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

13

Green Buildings – Better for Your Health, the Environment and Business

綠色建築 為個人、商業及整體環境注入健康新動力 How is Link making the portfolio future-fit? 領展如何確保旗下物業組合可持續發展？

Stanley Plaza 赤柱廣場

T.O.P This is Our Place at 700 Nathan Road 彌敦道 700 號

Link Square 1&2 in Shanghai 上海領展企業廣場一座及二座

Link's first HK-BEAM Platinum property in 2011

LEED-Existing Building Platinum certification

Expected to receive BEAM Plus Interiors certification

領 展 於 2011 年 首 個 獲 得 香 港 建 築 環境評估法白金級認證的物業

美國領先能源與環境設計既有建築物 鉑金級認證

預期獲得綠建環評室內建築認證

How is Link leading the way on green buildings? 領展如何在業界帶動綠色建築？ On average, we spend nearly 90% of our day indoors, highlighting the influence and importance a building has on our daily lives – including health, well-being and productivity. Developing green properties is Link’s way of ensuring we create environments that are good for - and improve the lives of - our tenants, shoppers and the community.

Environmental Features 環保設施

Green walls Solar panels

垂直綠化外牆

太陽能板

電動車充電插頭

At The Quayside, Link’s flagship commercial property currently under development, a joint venture with Nan Fung Development, we have introduced the WELL Building Standard which focuses specifically on health and well-being of building occupants. The Quayside, targeting a completion date of late 2019, has received LEED Platinum, BEAM Plus Provisional Platinum and WELL Gold pre-certifications. 我們平均有九成時間在室內活動，故建築物的設計對我們的 健康、身心和生產力相當重要。領展注重綠色建築的發展， 為商戶、顧客和社區帶來一個健康與愉快的環境。 領展與南豐集團合作發展的旗艦商業項目海濱匯現正處於施 工階段，為了業戶的健康和福祉，其設計引入了健康建築標 準 (WELL)。海濱匯預計 2019 年落成，已獲得 LEED 鉑金級、 BEAM Plus 暫定鉑金級及 WELL 金級的前期認證。

Electric vehicle charging stations

The Quayside 海濱匯

Bicycle storage

Ample open spaces

單車儲存室

充足休憩用地 A jogging path 緩跑徑

Harbor views and natural daylighting 維港景觀及自然光

Health Features 康體設施

THINK SUSTAINABLE (TO MAKE IT LIVEABLE) www.ramboll.com/environment-and-health

WORKING TOGETHER TO SOLVE THE MOST CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN HEALTH ISSUES, CREATE VALUE FOR OUR CLIENTS AND SUPPORT A SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY.

HKGBCVAd0917v2.indd 1

9/26/17 9:52 AM

香港公開大學賽馬會校園

於 2015 年 獲 頒 最 高 評 級 的 綠建環評新建建築最終鉑金

級環保建築認證，使該校成 為本港少數獲此殊榮的大專

院校。校園大樓採用多項節 能及環保設施，建築設計靈 感來自電腦遊戲「俄羅斯方 塊」，象徵大學提供創新、 靈活的高等教育。

The OUHK Jockey Club Campus was accredited with the BEAM Plus New Buildings Final Platinum rating for its green campus design in 2015, making the University one of the few tertiary institutions to have received this honour. The Campus building incorporates many energy-saving and environmentally friendly facilities. Its architectural concept is inspired by Tetris, a tile-matching puzzle video game, symbolizing the innovativeness and flexibility of higher education offered at the OUHK.

Always On for Hong Kong

www.hkelectric.com

Master of Science in Environmental Management Programme The University of Hong Kong

Master of Science in Environmental Management, The University of Hong Kong 香港大學環境管理理學碩士 Programme Details

Programme Highlights A c c r e d i t e d b y t h e I n s t i t u t e o f E n v i ro n m e n t a l Management and Assessment (IEMA) Strong and substantial alumni network Courses taught by environmental professionals, engineers, eco lo g i st s, l a w ye rs, p l a n n e rs , a n d economists from HKU, as well as local practitioners in the field

Application Non-local application: January to April Local application: January to June

Programme Admissions Advisor Dr Billy CH Hau chhau@hku.hk

Dr Janet KY Chan chanjky@hku.hk

1 Let’s Talk about Public Space 談談公共空間

Hong Kong Green Building Council 香港綠色建築議會 20

Let’s Talk about Public Space 談談公共空間

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

21

Public Space in Hong Kong

香港的公共空間

Space is a fast depleting resource in Hong Kong.

在香港，空間是一種極快被枯竭的資源。儘管

Although we pride ourselves with the extensive

我們為郊野公園佔地廣闊而感到自豪，對很多

access to public open space in the urban areas is

人來說，要在鬧市找到一處便捷的公共空間卻

years, there has been a growing debate about

共 空 間 的 討 論。 根 據 香 港 社 會 服 務 聯 會 所 設

green area in our country parks, having easy

increasingly a challenge for many. In the past few public space in Hong Kong. According to the Social Indicators of the Hong Kong Council of

Social Service, the per capita area of public open space in Hong Kong has dropped from 3.10 square 1

metres in 2009 to 2.73 square metres in 2017 .

Civic Exchange in its 2017 report also contended that the distribution of open spaces is inequitable in Hong Kong as it is often linked to income and 2

demographics of the population .

越來越困難。過去幾年，香港已有不少有關公

立的香港社會指標，香港人均公共休憩用地由 2009 年的 3.10 平方米減少至 2017 年的 2.73 平 方 米 。 而 思 匯 政 策 研 究 所 一 份 2017 年 的 1

報告指出，香港的休憩用地分佈極不平均，而 這與入息和人口分布有很大關係 。 2

即使有空間，這些空間的質素也成疑問。很多 時候，這些空間不但空間太小，而且大都是設

Even if such open space is available, its quality is

計零碎，令其難以用作任何實際用途，而當中

the spaces are too small for actual utility function,

發 展 有 合 適 的 連 繫。 這 種 對 公 共 空 間 欠 缺 整

often questionable. It is not uncommon to find that

只有極少甚至沒有足夠的設施，更缺乏和鄰近

designed in a piecemeal manner, with little or

全、綜合和顧及環境的規劃和設計並不有利於

insufficient amenities, and not properly connected

with their neighbours or adjoining developments.

The lack of a holistic, integrated or sensitive approach

to the planning and design of our public spaces 3

is not conducive to promoting wellbeing at all .

22

Let’s Talk about Public Space 談談公共空間

推廣大眾健康 。 3

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

23

A well-designed public open space serves more than

一個設計優秀的公共空間不只是提供運動和享

be vital to our mental health, too. The stress level

樂的場所，對於精神健康也同樣重要。香港人

the world. According to an earlier global survey by

早 前 瑞 銀 的 一 份 報 告 指 出， 香 港 人 平 均 工 作

just a space for physical use and enjoyment. It can

of the Hongkongers is among one of the highest in

的壓力指標堪稱是世界最高的地方之一，根據

UBS, our average working hours topped the list of

時 數 冠 絕 全 球 71 個 城 市， 相 當 於 每 星 期 工 作

71 cities, which is equal to about 50.1 hours each 4

week . In another study, it is estimated that around

one in six in Hong Kong would develop common

50.1 小時 。另一份研究亦估計，平均每 6 個 4

香 港 人 便 有 1 人 會 患 上 普 遍 的 精 神 科 疾 病， 例如混合焦慮抑鬱症 。就算是年輕一代也在 5

disorder . Even younger Hongkongers are battling

苦 戰 中， 在 2011 年 至 2016 年 期 間， 尋 求 精

of children or young people seeking treatment of

30,000 人 。有研究指出，經常接觸大自然會

mental disorders, like mixed anxiety and depressive 5

similar problems. From 2011 to 2016, the number

神 科 治 療 的 小 童 或 年 輕 人 由 20,000 人 升 至 6

mental problems increased drastically from 20,000

減輕壓力和抑鬱的情緒，並有助提升社交和大

provision of more quality open spaces in our city

政府務須提供更多和更好的公共空間，尤其綠

6

to around 30,000 . Researchers are calling for the

to improve the well-being of our local inhabitants, especially green space, as regular exposure to nature can reduce stress and depression, as well as 7

enhance social and brain functions .

24

Let’s Talk about Public Space 談談公共空間

腦功能。為了市民的身心健康，研究人員呼籲 化空間 。 7

8

Better public space yields multiple benefits, the Project for Public Spaces lists out 10 of them:-

改善公共空間帶來很多裨益，Project for Public Spaces

Support local economies 支持本土經濟

Attract business investments

提供文化機會

減少罪案

Attract tourism

吸引商業投資

Provide cultural opportunities

Reduce crime

列出了 10 個好處：

8

吸引旅遊業

Encourage volunteerism 鼓勵義工精神

Improve pedestrian safety

Increase use of public transportation

改善行人安全

Improve public health 提升大眾健康

增加公共交通使用

Improve the environment 改善環境

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

25

About the Urban Experiment

關於城市實驗

This book is about public space. In late 2016,

這 本 書 的 主 題 是 公 共 空 間。 在 2016 年 年 底，

Hong Kong Green Building Council (HKGBC) and

為推廣香港首個着重公共空間和公眾參與的評

hands to carry out a series of urban experiments

估工具──綠建環評社區，香港綠色建築議會

of BEAM Plus Neighbourhood (ND), the first rating

驗。實驗目的旨在提高業界和公眾對公共空間

Hong Kong Public Space Initiative (HKPSI) joined

in Kwun Tong as part of the roll-out programmes tool of BEAM Plus with a focus on public realm and

community engagement. Our objectives are to raise the awareness of the development industry

聯同拓展公共空間在觀塘進行一系列的城市實 的認識和重視，以及展示如何分析和解構優質 公共空間的設計，以促進更多對於公共空間的 創新想法。我們在 2016 年 8 月於觀塘進行了

realm, and to demonstrate ways to analyse and

三個城市實驗，探討不同的主題，包括如何利

more creative and fresh thinking on public realm

有關戶外空間的易見度和開放度。這三個城市

and general public about the importance of public interpret quality public space design, so as to foster in Hong Kong. Three experiments were carried out in Kwun Tong in August 2016, with different

用公共藝術和社區用途設施去營造空間，以及 實驗嘗試解答以下問題：

themes in placemaking and the use of public art

and community-related uses, as well as visibility and

openness in open space. The experiments attempt to answer important questions such as:

How to enliven the public space? 如何令公共空間更有生氣？

How to create relevant and meaningful public art for local community?

如何創造合適和對社區有意思的公共藝術作品？

How to get acceptance and endorsement by the local community? 如何取得社區接納和認同？

How to handle the conflicting uses of a public space?

如何處理因不同的公共空間用途而產生的矛盾？ 26

Let’s Talk about Public Space 談談公共空間

Why did we choose Kwun Tong?

為何選擇觀塘區？

Kwun Tong was chosen to conduct our urban

我們的城市實驗選擇在觀塘進行，正是由於觀

experiment as the district has undergone rapid

塘近年來正面臨巨大的變遷。觀塘是個多元的

dynamic district. On one hand, it is one of the

社區，一方面是一個典型老年化社區，另一方

population; on the other, with the initiative of the

區，觀塘已漸漸成為繁盛的商業區，褪去昔日

transformations in recent years. Kwun Tong is a

districts with the highest concentration of elderly government to turn Kowloon East into the next Central Business District of Hong Kong, Kwun

面， 因 政 府 發 展 九 龍 東 成 為 下 一 個 核 心 商 業 作為工廈和倉庫集中地的舊模樣。城市實驗選 址在觀塘兩個地點進行，分別是月華街公園和

its old face of a district of industrial buildings

觀塘海濱，代表觀塘的兩面體 : 月華街公園作

for the Experiments, namely the Yuet Wah Street

一個全新的公共空間，除了本區居民，還吸引

Tong is now a booming business district, shedding

and warehouses. Two locations were selected

為服務本區年邁居民的公園，而觀塘海濱則是

Playground and the Kwun Tong Promenade, which

區外市民到訪。在觀塘挑選這兩個地點進行城

are epitome of the dual-reality of Kwun Tong: The

Yuet Wah Street Playground serves as the main local

park for its older community, while the Kwun Tong

市實驗可以提供一個有趣的角度去探索不同對 象如何使用公共空間。

Promenade is a new and hip public space not just for

the locals but also people from outside Kwun Tong.

Choosing these two locations in Kwun Tong offers an intriguing angle to explore the use of public space of different types of populations.

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

27

About this Book

關於本書

The topic of public space is such a vast one which

公共空間這個議題十分廣泛，實在未能於此書

cannot be encapsulated in this book. Rather, we

涵蓋。我們嘗試退一步看，想起當初籌備綠建

of creating BEAM Plus ND, the aspiration being to

環評社區時，我們的願景是寄望香港有更多生

community in Hong Kong, and one that promotes

人與自然的聯繫。在接下來的兩章，拓展公共

would like to take a step back, to recall our journey

foster the development of a vibrant and sustainable stronger links between human and nature. In the

following two chapters, HKPSI would first share

氣勃勃且可持續的社區，而這些社區亦會加強 空間會先分享一套嶄新的方式為社區策展公共 藝術，再探討如何透過進行實驗去提升公共空

the community and then examine how to use an

間的設計。在第四章，嘉道理農場暨植物園的

public space. In Chapter 4, Idy Wong from Kadoorie

生活方式。接着在第五章，雅邦規劃設計有限

with us a new methodology to curate public art for experimental approach to enhance the design of

王麗賢女士會啟發我們如何向社區推廣可持續

Farm and Botanic Garden would enlighten us on

公司的杜琦森先生會指導如何在都市公共空間

promoting a sustainable lifestyle to the community.

In Chapter 5, Sandy Duggie from Urbis would offer practical tips and case studies to illustrate how to

enhance biodiversity in urban public space; and finally, Iris Hoi from the Hong Kong Institute of

Landscape Architects would highlight a few great examples of public space in Hong Kong. We hope this little book will be a precursor for more dialogues on public space in our community.

28

Let’s Talk about Public Space 談談公共空間

改善生物多樣性。最後，香港園境師學會的許

虹女士會介紹香港出色的公共空間。我們寄望 此書能帶動社區有更多關於公共空間的對話。

Creating better public space for all demands

要締造一個更美好的公共空間，需要各方，包

the government, developers, designers, facility

括政府、發展商、設計師、設施經理、以及最

share the lessons learned with the professionals and

建築議會將實驗所得結集成書，與業界和公眾

aspirations, collaboration and participation from managers, and most importantly, the community. To

重要社區的共同理念、合作及參與。香港綠色

the community alike, HKGBC would like to publish

分 享， 寄 望 此 書 能 引 起 更 多 相 關 的 對 話 和 合

this book, as a good starting point to stimulate more dialogues and partnerships for more possibilities of

作，為香港的公共空間創造更多可能性。

better public realm in Hong Kong.

Footnote 註釋 1

https://www.socialindicators.org.hk/en/indicators/environmental_quality/23.13

2

http://civic-exchange.org/cex_reports/20170224POSreport_FINAL.pdf

3

http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/community/article/2118314/will-lack-open-space-damage-generations-hongkongers

4

https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/29/health/mental-health-suicide-hong-kong-asia/index.html

5

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25660760

6

http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/2141499/largest-ever-hong-kong-mental-health-survey

7

http://www.scmp.com/comment/insight-opinion/article/2120163/hong-kong-needs-more-public-open-space-peoples-physical-and

8

https://www.pps.org/article/10benefits

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

29

What is BEAM Plus?

甚麼是綠建環評？

BEAM Plus assessment is a locally developed

綠建環評是本港一套為建築物可持續發展表現

assessment scheme of building sustainability

作中立評估的權威工具。綠建環評為樓宇表現

with a single performance label that demonstrates

提供指標，不論樓宇是新建，正要翻新，或是

whether it is new, refurbished or in use. By setting a

素。透過這套評估制度，綠建環評認證可令發

performance. BEAM Plus provides building users the overall quality of the building, regardless of

high standard, BEAM Plus certification is a proven

path for creating safer, healthier, more comfortable,

more functional and more energy-efficient buildings.

已入伙使用，都可為用家標示建築物的整體質 展商時刻秉持最高標準，從而建造更安全、健 康、舒適，亦更物盡其用和節省能源的樓宇。

Recognised and certified by HKGBC, BEAM Plus

綠建環評就建築物在規劃、設計、施工、調試、

for a wide range of sustainability issues relating to

了一套全面的表現準則，評核結果受香港綠色

offers a comprehensive set of performance criteria

the planning, design, construction, commissioning, management, operation and maintenance of a

管理、運作及維修中各範疇的可持續性，訂立

建築議會認可並發出認證。綠建環評共有四套 評估工具，分別為社區、新建建築、既有建築

namely Neighbourhood, New Buildings, Existing

和室內建築，評估涵蓋整個發展的生命週期。

life cycle.

綠建環評採用不同範疇的表現指標去評估項

building. At present, there are four assessment tools, Buildings, Interiors, to cover the whole development

BEAM Plus assesses projects using criteria under different aspects, namely Site Aspects, Community

Aspects, Management, Green Building Attributes, Materials and Waste Aspects, Energy Use, Water

Use, Indoor and Outdoor Environmental Quality as well as Innovations and Additions.

Since its launch in 2010, there are more than 1,000

目，包括用地與室外環境、社區、管理、綠建

特性、用材及廢物管理、能源使用、用水、室 內及室外環境質素和創新範疇。

自 2010 年推出以來，已有超過 1,000 個項目

登記參與綠建環評的評估，現時已有超過 500 個項目已進行評估。

projects that have been registered to undergo

BEAM Plus assessments, and more than 500 projects have been assessed.

Watch the video about BEAM Plus

30

Let’s Talk about Public Space 談談公共空間

觀看綠建環評介紹短片

綠建環評評估工具 The BEAM Plus Family 樓宇設計及施工

施工後期及營運

Masterplanning

Building Design and Construction

Post-Construction and Operation

BEAM Plus Neighbourhood (ND)

BEAM Plus New Buildings (NB)

BEAM Plus Existing Buildings (EB)

BEAM Plus Interiors (BI)

綠建環評社區

綠建環評新建建築

綠建環評既有建築

綠建環評室內建築

總體設計

室內裝修 Fit-out

10 個評估範疇

10 Assessment Aspects 用水

用地與室外環境

室外環境質素

Water Use

Site Aspects

Outdoor Environmental Quality

社區

室內環境質素

能源使用

Community Aspects

Indoor Environmental Quality

Energy Use

綠建特性

用材及廢物管理

Green Building Attributes

Materials and Waste Aspects

創新

營運管理

Innovations and Additions

Management

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

31

What is BEAM Plus Neighbourhood?

In recent years, there has been a growing attention

甚麼是綠建環評社區？ 近年來，大眾對於組成不同建築群或具社區規

developed as a cluster or formed in the scale of a

模的發展項目日益關注。俗語有云，整體往往

greater than the sum of its parts". A sustainable

由多幢綠色建築組成。樓宇之間亦是公共活動

to development projects when buildings are neighbourhood. As the saying goes, "a whole is

大於局部的總和，一個可持續的社區並非純粹

community is not merely a collection of green

發生以及社群相聚的地方，正是一個活躍和宜

buildings. The space between buildings, where

the public life happens and communities mingle,

居的城市所不可或缺的。由此引申，對可持續

發展的考慮不能囿於樓宇的層面，還需要顧及

This calls for an approach beyond building scale

文化和社會經濟的因素，從對整體的可持續性

economic elements into the sustainability equation.

共空間或鄰舍元素的可行方法，香港綠色建築

is indispensable for a thriving and liveable city. plus the attempt to embrace cultural and socio-

作出考慮。由於當時的評估工具未有可檢討公

With this in mind, HKGBC saw the need to develop

議會認為有必要發展一套長遠框架，不只是作

a long-term framework that does not only act as a

benchmarking tool for projects at "neighbourhood level", but also one that can take account of the city’s

dense and compact urban environment, its particular statutory framework and local practice. The tool was launched in late 2016.

As the first tool in Hong Kong to assess urban sustainability, BEAM Plus Neighbourhood (ND) is

為鄰舍發展的基準工具，同時亦需顧及到香港 稠密擠迫的市區環境，及其法律框架和本土的 行業實際狀況。綠建環評社區在 2016 年年底

正式推出。

綠建環評社區作為香港首個於發展項目初期進 行評估的工具，在總體規劃階段評估時，從整

體的角度審視項目的可持續性，並為城市的可

inception or masterplanning stage of a development

持續發展訂下綱領，令隨後各發展階段事半功

urban sustainability for a smoother implementation

並着重發展項目涉及的社會經濟元素。

designed to assess sustainability performance at the project. It helps lay down a broader framework of

of the principles at subsequent development stages.

The tool concerns the design of space between buildings and places an emphasis on the socioeconomic elements of a development.

32

Let’s Talk about Public Space 談談公共空間

倍。評估工具顧及樓宇之間空間的設計規劃，

What does a BEAM Plus Neighbourhood development look like? 綠建環評社區有什麼特色？

Emphasis on "Space between Buildings" 強調「樓宇之間」的空間

To enable the start of "public realm" planning and design at the beginning of a development process.

在發展項目初期展開對公共空間的設計和規 劃，當中包括基本設施的規劃。

Embrace Socio-economic Elements

顧及社會經濟元素

To embrace different socio-economic elements and to encourage a holistic view to developments. Thus a new aspect, Community Aspects, is created.

新增的社區範疇涵蓋不同社會經濟元素，鼓勵 發展新項目時多作全面考慮。

Be a Good Neighbour 成為「好鄰居」

To encourage development to bring positive impact to its own occupants as well as its immediate neighbours.

鼓勵項目為樓宇使用者和周遭鄰居帶來正面的 影響。

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

33

2 Building People-place Connections through Public Art 公共藝術：連繫人與地

Hong Kong Public Space Initiative 拓展公共空間 34

Building People-place Connections through Public Art 公共藝術：連繫人與地

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Introduction

引言

Although much has been written and said about

「公共藝術」一向不乏學術文獻與討論，但研

a public space and engage the general public –

究重點多側重於為公共空間注入活力及接觸公

public art. While most scholars and commentators

是。大部分學者及評論者均認為公共藝術所在

public art – especially on its ability to energise

there is still no simple or conclusive definition for

眾 的 功 能 之 上， 對 其 根 本 的 定 義 仍 然 莫 衷 一

maintain that the public nature of its location is

地點的公共性質至為關鍵，亦有論調指出藝術

understandably the most crucial feature, others also suggest that accessibility is merely one of many criteria for an artwork to be considered as public art:

Hilde Hein argues that public art does not

一：

Hilde Hein 指公共藝術之公共性質並非只

place where it is found, because "publicity [also]

源 自 藝 術 作 品 所 在 的 地 點， 因「 公 開 亦 有

untranslatable to public access" (Hein, 1996: 1).

能表現」（Hein, 1996: 1）。

acquire its public character merely from the has social and political connotations that are

Cher Krause Knight (2008), on the other hand,

其 社 會 及 政 治 意 味， 非 單 單 向 公 眾 開 放 所 另一方面，Cher Krause Knight（2008）

adds that such accessibility should not be only

limited to physical accessibility, but rather that

又指出藝術作品易為大眾接近不應只局限

public art needs to be accessible to the general public emotionally and intellectually as well.

知性上產生感通。

More recently, the idea of publicness in public

於 親 身 接 觸， 同 時 亦 應 令 大 眾 在 情 感 上 和 近年，公共藝術中的「公共」概念，由藝術

occupies, to the public’s involvement in the

作 品 所 在 的 公 共 空 間， 轉 移 至 公 眾 在 創 作

the artists try to address. As the Association for

的公共議題。正如美國公共藝術協會所述，

art has shifted from the public space that it creative process, as well as the public issues that

過 程 中 的 參 與 程 度， 以 及 藝 術 家 希 望 回 應

Public Art in the US suggests, "what distinguishes

「公共藝術特別之處，在於它如創作方式、

public art is the unique association of how it is made, where it is, and what it means".

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作品易為大眾接近只是公共藝術芸芸標準之

Building People-place Connections through Public Art 公共藝術：連繫人與地

所處地點及背後意義的相互關聯」。

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Curating Public Art Project to Reshape Local Public Spaces

策展公共藝術： 重塑當區公共空間

The Hong Kong Public Space Initiative (HKPSI) shares

拓展公共空間認同地方營造方法得宜，既可鞏

strengthen the connection between people and places,

固人與地方之間的連繫，亦可促進文化、經濟

economic and social activities. In a recent project in

驗項目中，拓展公共空間嘗試運用創新的手法，

the view that a good placemaking approach can

as well as promote interactions between cultural,

及社會活動間的互動。在最近於觀塘進行的實

Hong Kong’s Kwun Tong district, HKPSI sought to take

探討創作全新公共藝術作品的過程，希望在一

an innovative and experimental approach to exploring the process of creating new public art, with the goal of

expressing the local character of the neighbourhood

展社區獨有特色的同時，亦可加強居民的歸屬 感。

and enhancing the overall sense of belonging.

Guiding Principles In line with HKPSI’s objectives, a public art project should:

Respond to the local context

Foster creative ideas

Strengthen the local character

Enhance the cohesion of the overall neighbourhood

促進社區參與

認清並善用地區資源

鞏固地區特質

Naturally, when designing a public art project, it is also necessary to consider critical project

management aspects, such as budget, timeframe, risk management, manpower capacity, and so forth.

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根據拓展公共空間的目標，公共藝術項目應：

Encourage community participation

配合地區背景

Identify and utilise local assets

基本原則

Building People-place Connections through Public Art 公共藝術：連繫人與地

激勵創新意念

增進社區整體凝聚力

當然，公共藝術項目亦要考慮項目管理的各個

重要環節，如預算、時間、風險管理、人手等。

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方法

Methodology A public art project basically consists of the following major steps:

1

一個公共藝術項目基本上牽涉以下主要步驟：

2

Set out the artwork’s specifications,

Commission the right artist to

material, form, etc.

invitation or a tendering process;

such as theme, dimension,

produce the artwork, either by

3

Install the artwork in the designated location.

or directly purchase the artwork from a gallery, agent or artist.

訂定作品規格，如主題、尺寸、 以 邀 約 或 招 標 形 式 委 聘 合 適 的 於指定地點裝設藝術作品。 物料、形式等。

藝 術 家 進 行 創 作， 或 直 接 向 藝

廊、代理人或藝術家洽購作品。

To maximise the success of the experimental public art project, HKPSI took the innovative approach of focusing more on the relationships between the place, the artists, the neighbourhood and the artwork, while we acted as the curator. In this regard, we were committed to:

為了令公共藝術實驗項目收效更佳，拓展公共空間採用創新方式，針對地方、藝術家、社區與藝術 作品間的關係進行策展，因此致力：

Making the specifications of the

Welcoming the involvement of any

to encourage creativity.

regardless of age or experience.

artwork as simple as possible so as

artists with an attachment to the place,

Creating public artworks that foster community participation.

將作品規格盡量簡化，鼓勵創意。 歡 迎 對 當 區 有 感 情 的 藝 術 家 參 創 造 可 鼓 勵 社 區 參 與 的 公 共 藝 與，不限年齡及經驗。

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Building People-place Connections through Public Art 公共藝術：連繫人與地

術作品。

The whole project process can be summarised in six key steps:

整個過程可以概括為以下六個主要步驟：

Understanding the Community 了解社區

01 Feedback 意見收集

06

Installation and Observation

05

裝設作品並進行觀察

02 Process 過程

03

04

Building Trust and Raising Awareness

建立信任並提升認知

Identifying Local Assets and Aspirations 認清地區資源及前景

Idea Generation and Artwork Production

發展創作意念及製作藝術作品

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Process and Results

過程及結果

01 Understanding the Community

01 了解社區

HKPSI believes that without an understanding of

拓展公共空間相信如未能對一個社區充分了

that resonates with the public. It’s vital, therefore, to

解， 絕 不 可 能 設 計 出 可 與 公 眾 產 生 共 鳴 的 作

to observe and talk to people, and really listen to

接對居民作出觀察、進行溝通及聆聽意見至為

the community, it is impossible to design something conduct many field surveys on different occasions

品，因此在不同情況下進行多次實地調查，直

them. Yet, this does not mean we can just walk into

重要。但這並不代表團隊可以直接走入人群之

a crowd and ask "What do you want from your local

public space?", so it’s important to also do some "homework" before engaging in dialogue with the

中問「你想從區內的公共空間得到甚麼？」， 與社區對話前，先做點「功課」亦十分重要。

community.

Desktop Research

資料搜集

For the case study presented here, HKPSI started its

在這次案例中，拓展公共空間於 2016 年初開

desktop research on the community of Kwun Tong in

early 2016, working for a period of nine months. The research included:

始 對 觀 塘 這 個 社 區 進 行 資 料 搜 集， 歷 時 九 個 月，所涵蓋的資料包括：

Information Sources 資料來源 Newspapers Video documentaries

報章

紀錄片

Research papers / journals / reports 研究論文 / 期刊 / 報告 District Council meeting minutes 區議會會議紀錄 Government policies

政府政策

Census data / Statistical figures 人口普查數據 / 統計數字 Development plans Maps Housing types Roads and infrastructure Local organisations

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發展計劃 地圖

房屋類型

道路及基建 地區組織

Building People-place Connections through Public Art 公共藝術：連繫人與地

Scope 範疇 History and culture Current social issues in the district Socio-economic situation Traffic patterns Planning and development Local aspirations Demographics

歷史及文化

區內最近的社會問題 社會經濟狀況 交通模式

規劃與發展 地區前景 人口結構

Field Survey

實地調查

HKPSI visited the district many times to learn more

拓展公共空間多次落區，研究當區居民的生活 方式，當中曾提問的部分問題如下：

about local residents’ way of life. Sample questions covered such issues as:

Where do they live? 居民居於何處？

How do they travel to restaurants and supermarkets?

如何前往食肆及超級市場？

What are their shopping habits? 居民的購物習慣如何？

What commercial activities take place in the area? 區內有甚麼商業活動？

Which roads do people and cars most often use? 哪條是人車常用的道路？

Where are the key public transportation nodes?

哪處是主要的公共交通交匯點？

How do people use the parks and other public spaces? 居民如何使用公園及其他公共空間？

How accessible are major destinations in the community? 如何前往其他區內主要地點？

What do they think of their community? 居民對自己的社區有何看法？

What problems does the neighbourhood have? 社區中有甚麼問題？

What do they appreciate about the place? 居民如何欣賞自己的社區？

By taking the time to establish a stronger sense of

在了解當區居民日常生活期間，拓展公共空間

the revitalisation of industrial buildings, a growing

發現隨著觀塘區的工廈活化，區內聚集了越來

ultimately inspired the decision to tap into that local

的 創 作 力 量， 以 創 作 出 與 社 區 緊 扣 的 公 共 藝

local people’s daily lives, HKPSI discovered that with community of artists had gathered in the area. This

越多的藝術家，因此得到啟發，決定發掘區內

creative power to curate public art with strong ties

術。事實上，在社會實驗中善用地區資源，最

to the community. Indeed, by utilising local assets and resources as part of the urban experiment, it was much more likely that the finished project would

終的作品可更能反映地區特質，為公共空間賦 予新意義。

reflect the local character and forge new meaning in the public space.

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02 Building Trust & Raising Awareness 03 Identifying Local Assets & Aspirations

02 建立信任並提升認知 03 認清地區資源及前景

Reaching Out to Contacts

外展接觸

Based on its background understanding of the

在對社區的背景有初步了解後，拓展公共空間

groups of community members through a variety of

開始循不同渠道接觸社區的各個群體，並藉此

we scheduled interviews with District Councillors,

共空間成員的親友，以從深入對話中了解社區。

community, HKPSI began reaching out to various different channels. Using the contacts we had made, local NGOs, and even friends and relatives of HKPSI

與約見區議員、地區非政府組織，甚至拓展公

team members, in order to engage them in deeper conversations about the community.

Story - From Strangers to Friends 故事 - 一次生、兩次熟

Every time the HKPSI team visited Yuet Wah Street

年 男 士 不 論 晝 夜 均 駐 足 於 公 園 小 食 亭。 由 於 他 們 整 日

the surrounding area since they spent so much time there.

幾 星 期 後， 團 隊 與 他 們 首 度 交 談。 起 初 只 是 以 幾 分 鐘

likely that these men would know a lot about the park and

After several weeks, the team initiated its first conversation

在此打發時間，相信對公園及附近的地方會相當了解。 的 寒 暄 互 相 認 識， 但 經 多 次 到 訪 後， 團 隊 已 與 他 們 混

to know one another better, but after subsequent visits to

熟， 經 常 聊 上 數 個 小 時， 又 互 相 分 享 零 食 及 飲 品， 甚

with the men, spending hours chatting, sharing snacks

和朋友的朋友。

with the men. This first contact was just a few minutes’ chat

the park the team quickly found itself building a friendship and drinks, and even celebrating Mid-autumn Festival

至 在 公 園 共 慶 中 秋 佳 節， 團 隊 甚 至 認 識 了 他 們 的 朋 友

know the men, but also their friends and friends’ friends.

他 們 首 次 得 知 拓 展 公 共 空 間 的 項 目 時 都 有 所 質 疑， 但

When the men first learnt about the HKPSI’s project, they

內 其 他 人 士 宣 揚。 時 至 今 日， 大 家 的 信 任 和 關 係 依 然

together in the park. Indeed, the team not only got to

were sceptical. However, as the friendship grew, they finally

became supporters of the endeavour, helping to spread positive comments about the project to other members

of the community. Today, the trust and relationship that was built with these men remains strong: whenever

HKPSI team members visit the park, the men still ask

how they are doing and when they’ll be coming back.

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拓 展 公 共 空 間 每 次 造 訪 月 華 街 遊 樂 場， 都 發 現 一 班 中

aged men hanging out by the park’s food kiosk. It seemed

Playground, by day or night, we saw a group of middle-

Building People-place Connections through Public Art 公共藝術：連繫人與地

隨 大 家 日 漸 熟 絡， 他 們 終 支 持 這 個 新 項 目， 並 向 社 區

深厚， 每次拓展公共空間的團隊成員到訪公園，他們 仍會關心成員的近況，期待他們回來再聚。

Mutual Understanding

Appreciation

The HKPSI team sought to not only gain insights

As an outsider, HKPSI never attempted to solve the

understanding and trust.

character and strengths, and try to shape a better local

互相理解

from the community, but also to build mutual

拓展公共空間不單希望可從外展接觸中洞悉社 區，更着力建立信任、相互了解。

欣賞

community’s problems, but rather to appreciate its

public space in collaboration with the community.

身為「局外人」，拓展公共空間並非以解決區

內問題為目的，而是從外展接觸中欣賞社區的 特質及長處，並藉此與社區協作塑造更佳的公 共空間。

Scheduled vs Impromptu

Community Support

We conducted scheduled interviews with key

The HKPSI team seized every opportunity to share

with a wide range of locals, e.g., chatting with park

their support.

約定與即興

stakeholders, as well as impromptu conversations users, residents, and business owners in the area.

除約見主要持份者外，拓展公共空間亦不時與 區內各階層人士交談，如公園使用者、居民及 區內商戶等。

社區支持

its vision with members of the community and gain

拓展公共空間亦會把握機會向區內人士宣揚其 抱負，爭取支持。

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Story - No Agenda in Mind 故事 - 不定前設

Just like when any of us meet someone new, the first

認 識， 地 方 營 造 也 是 同 一 道 理， 只 是 對 象 由 人 變 成 地

Tong project, HKPSI had no clear agenda of what we

在 進 行 研 究 及 了 解 社 區 後， 拓 展 公 共 空 間 知 道 觀 塘 正

person but rather a place. In the early stages of its Kwun

planned to do. By doing research and getting to know

the community, we learned that Kwun Tong is undergoing major transformation, due to the revitalisation of the district’s industrial buildings into a commercial hub, and

the ongoing redevelopment of Kwun Tong city centre.

This has understandably impacted the historic core of the community on a fundamental level, while also introducing

many new residents and workers who are bringing fresh energy to this old neighbourhood.

Start with Key Stakeholders and Let the Social Network Grow

方。在觀塘項目的初段，拓展公共空間並無明確計劃。 在 變 天， 由 以 往 的 工 業 區 轉 型 成 商 業 中 心， 觀 塘 市 中

心 亦 正 經 歷 重 建。 改 變 對 社 區 的 歷 史 根 源 影 響 甚 大，

但同時亦有不少人前來居住及工作，為舊區注入生氣。

由「地膽」開始 一傳十、十傳百

要 了 解 社 區 內 的 資 源、 文 化 及 網 絡， 做 好 研 究 是 關 鍵 所 在。 拓 展 公 共 空 間 在 觀 塘 項 目 中， 發 現 區 議 員 是 建

立 地 區 網 絡 一 個 合 適 的 切 入 點： 區 議 會 平 台 正 展 示 社 區 最 關 心 的 議 題， 而 他 們 亦 與 社 區 中 的 活 躍 組 織 早 有

Research is key to understanding the assets, culture, and

聯 繫， 更 重 要 的 是 區 議 員 會 為 眾 多 社 區 所 關 心 的 事 項

HKPSI’s Kwun Tong project, District Councillors proved

持。 拓 展 公 共 空 間 團 隊 亦 透 過 於 觀 塘 居 住 或 工 作 的 親

network that exist within a community. In the case of

to be good first points of contact in building up a local network: their platforms illustrate the key issues that

the community is most concerned about, and they also have connections to organisations that are active in the

community. More importantly, District Councillors represent a broad spectrum of community interests; any community

intervention inevitably requires this breadth of support to be successful. The HKPSI team also utilised its connections

with friends and relatives who live or work in Kwun Tong

to further build up its local knowledge and network.

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就 如 我 們 與 其 他 人 初 次 見 面， 首 先 總 會 想 對 別 人 多 加

terms, the process is exactly the same, except it’s not a

step is to learn more about the person. In placemaking

Building People-place Connections through Public Art 公共藝術：連繫人與地

發 聲， 因 此 要 成 功 介 入 社 區 少 不 免 要 先 獲 得 他 們 的 支 友人脈，鞏固對地區的了解和地區網絡。

Forming Partnerships and Capitalising on Local Assets

尋找伙伴，善用地區資源

Another key goal of HKPSI’s community outreach

was to connect with potential partners. This was

拓展公共空間社區外展活動的另一重點是連繫

Reached out to community networks to share

接 觸 社 區 網 絡， 以 宣 揚 項 目 的 目 標 及 尋 找

achieved in the following ways:

the vision for the project and identify groups that share a similar vision.

Visited artists and designers’ studios based

潛在伙伴，主要有以下方法：

志趣相投的團體；

拜 訪 以 觀 塘 為 基 地 的 藝 術 家 和 設 計 師， 了 解 他 們 的 哲 學、 創 作 過 程、 作 品 及 對 觀 塘

philosophies, creative process, artworks and

的看法；

Created a casual and relaxing atmosphere for

及飲品和舒適的環境，鼓勵公開分享意見；

i n Kw u n To n g t o l e a r n m o re a b o u t t h e i r perspectives on Kwun Tong.

sharing, e.g., providing good food and drinks and a comfortable environment to encourage

營 造 輕 鬆 的 分 享 氣 氛， 如 藉 提 供 美 味 食 物 在互信下建立交流意見的平台。

open sharing.

Created an idea exchange platform based on mutual respect for one another.

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04 Idea Generation and Artwork Production With the artist teams in place, HKPSI then embarked

on the process of creating the public artworks. In

order to meet the objectives of its experiment, the HKPSI team embraced an innovative new approach:

No pre-set requirements for artists’ creative work.

04 發展創作意念及製作藝術作品

齊集藝術家團隊之後，拓展公共空間正式開始

創 作 藝 術 作 品 的 過 程。 為 達 到 項 目 所 訂 的 目 標，拓展公共空間嘗試一個較新穎的方法： 藝術家的作品沒有前設要求。

including decision-making in terms of the chosen

在 過 程 中 每 一 方 面 都 有 藝 術 家 的 參 與， 包

Maximised each artist’s creative power and

讓 各 藝 術 家 充 分 發 揮 創 意， 並 盡 力 將 其 意

Involved artists in every aspect of the process, location, theme, medium, etc.

realised their ideas to the fullest extent possible.

括決定選址、主題、媒介等。 念實現。

Provided administrative and technical support

提 供 行 政 及 技 術 上 的 支 援（ 如 向 相 關 政 府

relevant government departments) thus allowing

創作而非手續程序。

(e.g., applying for licences or approvals from artists to focus on their core strengths rather than paperwork.

Worked hand in hand with the artists at all times, from the beginning of the project till the end.

部 門 申 請 牌 照 及 許 可 ）， 令 藝 術 家 可 專 注 從頭到尾都與藝術家時刻攜手合作。

一切公共藝術作品的意念均源自社區之內。

Originated all ideas for the public artworks from inside the community.

Tip - Be Open-minded and Flexible 經驗分享 - 態度開明、保持彈性

There were lots of uncertainties in the Urban Experiment.

共 空 間 團 隊 在 2016 年 5 月 28 日 邀 請 所 有 對 項 目 感

five public artworks. Although HKPSI spent a lot of time

員 分 成 五 組， 負 責 五 件 公 共 藝 術 作 品。 雖 然 拓 展 公 共

groups of artists finally teamed with members to work on

engaged in many rounds of meetings and visits with artists

興 趣 的 藝 術 家 出 席 分 享 會， 並 與 拓 展 公 共 空 間 團 隊 成 空間花費不少時間與藝術家和藝團進行多次會議及探

at different stages of the project due to a variety of factors,

訪，不過有三組以資源、能力、技術問題等各種原因，

Only two out of five of these potential partners remained

參與整個項目。

and design groups, three of these groups ultimately quitted

including resources, capabilities, technical issues, and so on. with the project until its completion.

48

進 行 城 市 實 驗 存 在 很 多 變 數。 在 首 輪 探 訪 後， 拓 展 公

interested artists to a sharing session on 28 May 2016. Five

After the initial round of visits, the HKPSI team invited all

Building People-place Connections through Public Art 公共藝術：連繫人與地

在 項 目 不 同 階 段 中 退 出。 最 終 只 有 兩 個 藝 術 家 和 藝 團

讓藝術家與社區參與其中

Engaging Artists and the Community

Community 社區

HKPSI

拓展公共空間

H K P S I s h a re d w i t h a rt i s t s i t s p re l i m i n a r y

Artists 藝術家

拓展公共空間先與藝術家分享由資料搜集

demographics, local issues, development

及 實 地 調 查 中 所 得 出 對 社 區 的 初 步 了 解，

district based on its desktop research and field

題、發展項目、土地用途及交通情況。

analysis of the history, physical environment, projects, land use, and traffic situation of the surveys.

The artists were also required to conduct various fieldworks in order to gain a better

包 括 歷 史 背 景、 環 境、 人 口 結 構、 地 區 問 藝 術 家 亦 要 自 行 進 行 多 次 考 察， 以 更 了 解 鄰里及整個社區。

understanding of the neighbourhood and the

拓展公共空間與藝術家一同於 2016 年 6 月

The HKPSI team paired up with artists to conduct

而更了解實際環境及公園使用者的特點。

community.

18 日 前 往 月 華 街 遊 樂 場 進 行 實 地 調 查， 從

field surveys at Yuet Wah Street Playground and

its surroundings on 18 June 2016. This process enabled a better understanding of the physical environment and park users’ characteristics.

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Story - Be a Connector 故事 - 連繫各方

After a couple of visits to the district, some local residents

在 多 次 落 區 後， 部 分 當 區 居 民 與 拓 展 公 共 空 間 團 隊 變

site visits with the artists, the team took the initiative to start

得 熟 絡。 在 隨 後 與 藝 術 家 一 同 到 訪 時， 拓 展 公 共 空 間

artists feel more comfortable about talking to strangers. This

溝 通 時 會 較 為 放 鬆。 這 次 經 驗 對 拓 展 公 共 空 間 團 隊 及

had become familiar with the HKPSI team. During further conversations with community members, so as to help the became a very important experience for both the team and

artists to learn about residents’ daily lives and what it’s like

to live in the neighbourhood. This touch of "real life" was

a valuable resource for later inspiring the creative process.

As part of this innovative new approach to public art, the

主 動 帶 起 與 社 區 人 士 的 對 話， 希 望 令 藝 術 家 與 陌 生 人 藝 術 家 都 相 當 重 要， 因 為 可 藉 此 了 解 居 民 日 常 生 活 及 在 社 區 起 居 的 感 受。 這 種「 真 實 」 的 感 覺 對 及 後 啟 發 創作過程十分寶貴。

在 這 次 嶄 新 的 公 共 藝 術 創 作 方 式 中， 藝 術 家 十 分 重 視

relate to the site context and the people living there. They

作 品 與 地 方 背 景 與 居 民 生 活 間 的 連 繫， 更 着 重 作 品 的

presented to best convey their ideas to the community in

正 是 每 個 作 品 最 終 都 帶 有 互 動 成 份， 甚 至 令 居 民 亦 成

artists paid great attention to how the art pieces would also placed strong emphasis on how the artworks could be a heartfelt way. Indeed, this is why in the end, each of the

final artworks involved elements of interactivity, with people

展 示 方 式， 力 求 可 衷 心 表 達 他 們 對 社 區 的 想 法， 這 亦 為作品一部分的原因。

even becoming part of the art piece.

Story - Approval from the Site Manager/Operator 故事 - 場地經理和營運者的批准

One critical step was to get permission from the site

務 署（ 康 文 署 ） 的 批 准， 於 選 定 的 地 點（ 即 月 華 街 遊

(LCSD). From the outset, HKPSI’s strategy was to:

策略：

site manager was the Leisure & Culture Services Department start dialogue with the LCSD as early as possible, even before having a concrete idea about the experiment.

樂 場 ） 進 行 實 驗。 拓 展 公 共 空 間 從 一 開 始 就 採 取 以 下 在實驗仍未有確實概念前已開始與康文署開始溝通。

address their concerns whenever a new proposal was

任 何 新 計 劃 均 會 針 對 康 文 署 的 關 注 事 宜， 將 之 列

explain clearly how the local community will potentially

清楚解釋活動可能為當區居民帶來的好處。

made, putting the LCSD’s concerns at the top of the list. benefit from the activity.

ensure a minimal risk, if not zero risk, and supplement dozens of contingency plans, with the target of 100% safety and zero complaints.

offer a quick, if not real-time, response to all LCSD requests.

be persistent with providing further information whenever requested.

50

項 目 的 決 定 性 一 步 是 獲 取 場 地 經 理， 即 康 樂 及 文 化 事

namely the Yuet Wah Street Playground. In this instance, the

manager to carry out this experiment at the selected venue,

Building People-place Connections through Public Art 公共藝術：連繫人與地

為首要問題。

將風險減至最低（甚至零風險），亦要預備林林總 總的應急計劃，力求百分百安全，不會收到投訴。

對康文署的要求即使未能即時回應亦會盡快回應。 要有耐性地回應查詢更多資料的要求。

05 裝設作品並進行觀察

05 Installation and Observation

實 驗「 地 藝 觀 塘 」 於 2016 年 8 月 13 至

The experiment "Art Connects: Kwun Tong" took

28 日舉行。

place from 13 - 28 August 2016.

at Yuet Wah Street Playground, all available

四件藝術作品裝設於月華街遊樂場多個地

The last day of the experiment was an Experience

實 驗 最 後 一 日 為「 體 驗 日 」， 邀 請 藝 術 家

with the public, and offer an on-site demonstration

為藝術作品的動態延伸。

Four artworks were installed in various spots

方，實驗期內無間斷開放。

incessantly throughout this period.

親 臨 現 場 與 公 眾 作 分 享， 亦 有 即 場 示 範 作

Day. The artists were invited to the site to share as a dynamic extension of the artworks.

Yuet Wah Street Playground 月華街遊樂場 1

4 3

4

2

Hip Wo Street 協和街

Artwork 作品

Overall, it was deeply encouraging to see that this

1 3

Whatever Comes Around Goes Around 等運到風車 Ink Garden 水墨花園

2 4

Oddish 行路草 Screen 屏風留

總括而言，是次嶄新的藝術展覽既可令公園外觀

broaden the appeal of the park, attract new users

更多元化，為公園帶來新訪客，並鼓勵大家延

for a longer period of time. In parallel with these

的同時，展覽對公園常客並未有帶來太大影響。

ground-breaking new art exhibition was able to

to visit the park, and encourage everyone to stay achievements, the exhibition had no significant

長逗留時間，令人甚為鼓舞。在達到上述成績

impact on the park’s regular users.

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Artwork 作品 1

Whatever Comes Around Goes Around 等運到風車 There is a roller-skating rink at Yuet Wah Street

Creator 創作單位

Terence Leung 梁曉然

月華街遊樂場裏有個香港少見的滾軸溜冰場，

created windmills with Kwun Tong’s local characters,

卻人流稀少。梁曉然製作了大大小小富有觀塘

blew, the windmills turned and brought colours

風車隨風轉動，為這個靜態的空間帶來色彩與

Playground, but few people pass by it. Terence and placed them around the rink. As the wind

地區特色的風車，圍繞滾軸溜冰場放置。眾多

and vibrancy to the static space. It was hoped that

動感，也希望吸引居民再次回到滾軸溜冰場。

residents would come and enjoy the roller-skating rink again.

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Building People-place Connections through Public Art 公共藝術：連繫人與地

Design concept and features The windmills were in bright colour tones to bring cheerfulness to the place;

設計意念和特色

運用鮮色，為空間帶出歡樂的氛圍；

Windmill symbolised "luck" in Chinese culture, so it

風車在中國文化象徵「行運」，於社區中受老人

The windmills were installed around the roller-skating

風車圍繞着山坡上的滾軸溜冰場而放置，居民行

by people walking through the main corridor;

風車以竹支製作，環保之餘，亦常用於舊式屋村

was welcomed by the elderly in the community;

ground located on hillside where it was not easily seen Bamboo stick was environmental-friendly and commonly found in old housing estate in daily living;

The windmill was made of posters collected in the industrial area of Kwun Tong;

The moving element changed the static environmental setting;

家歡迎；

經主要通道時較難發現裝置； 的日常生活之中；

風車以觀塘工廠區收集得來的街招製作； 動態元素改變了靜態環境； 互動元素助人互相連繫。

Interaction element created a connection with the people.

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53

Creator 創作單位

Artwork 作品 2

Oddish 行路草 There are not many urban parks where citizens

Hour25 佰刻制作

在香港，能夠真正讓市民無拘束地享受草地的

Playground, most users are the elderly and mainly

市區公園實在不多。月華街公園的常客大多是

300m-circular route with artificial turf, which passed

草 皮 在 公 園 鋪 設 了 一 條 超 過 300 米 長 的 環 形

can freely enjoy the lawn. At Yuet Wah Street

passive activities are carried out. Hour25 paved a

老 人 家， 做 的 多 是 靜 態 活 動。Hour25 以 人 造

through the gathering spots at the park and other

小徑，途中經過公園的「聚腳點」及其他藝術

the existing public space around them.

能性。

artworks. People could re-think the possibilities of

54

Building People-place Connections through Public Art 公共藝術：連繫人與地

品，讓居民重新思考常在身邊的公共空間的可

Design concept and features Playful and energetic; Simple and easy to get along; Stimulated people’s thinking when they see hardpaved path growing grass;

Aroused sensation by introducing a soft material; The alignment covering various parts of the park with different characters.

設計意念和特色

趣味盎然又充滿活力；

藝術裝置簡單，易與大眾打成一片；

當居民看見可在硬地上「種草」，會引發思考； 鋪上軟物料，會帶來感官刺激；

將公園各具特色的不同部分連結。

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Artwork 作品 3

Ink Garden 水墨花園 Mr Ng was the teacher of the ink wash painting

Creator 創作單位

Mr Ng and Yuet Wah Street Resident Association

吳培疆老師及月華街居民協會

觀塘月華街居民協會在社區開辦水墨畫班，吳

Resident Association. The response of the classes

老師擔任導師，口碑載道，引起了街坊對書畫

calligraphy and painting. Students had the chance

他街坊分享作品，也為推動社區康樂文化作出

classes organised by Kwun Tong Yuet Wah Street

was overwhelming and aroused people’s interest in

藝術的興趣。「水墨花園」令學員有機會與其

to share their paintings with the residents, and

一 點 貢 獻。 此 外， 途 人 也 可 拿 起 毛 筆， 發 揮

contribute to promoting the recreational culture in the community. Besides, people could get a writing

brush and draw their own canvas with their creativity, such that "everyone is an artist."

56

Building People-place Connections through Public Art 公共藝術：連繫人與地

創意，繪畫自己的作品，做到「人人都是藝術 家」。

Design concept and features Discovered art talent among the passers-by; Encouraged people to express themselves through art; People learned to appreciate and respect; Made use of creative material for easy management; Weather-proof materials for outdoor exhibition; More permeable design to avoid adverse visual impact; All artworks were created by local residents, mainly housewives.

設計意念和特色

發掘途人的藝術天分；

鼓勵大眾透過藝術去表達自己； 讓大眾學懂欣賞和尊重；

使用創新物料，易於打理；

作品展覽位於戶外，因此使用防風雨物料製作； 裝置藝術的設計較通透，避免不良的視覺效果； 所有畫作都由本區居民（主要是家庭主婦）創作。

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Creator 創作單位

Artwork 作品 4

Screen 屏風留 As the simplest form of art and made with commonly

風留團隊

屏風留以最簡單的藝術方式和常見的物料製

space at the park with a bit of decorations. The

作。藝術裝置將公園的空間細分，加以點綴，

stimulated people to think about the relationship

與活動的關係。

found materials, the screens partitioned off the installation made subtle changes to the space that between the space and activities.

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Building People-place Connections through Public Art 公共藝術：連繫人與地

透過些微變化，引發使用者思考不同空間大小

Design concept and features Created different levels of permeability; Materials were easily found in the local community; Movable furniture catered for different needs.

設計意念和特色

裝置創造了不同層次的通透感； 製作物料易於本土社區中找到；

裝置可移動，以符合不同人的需要。

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Story - Show Understanding and Appreciation 故事 - 從心了解與欣賞

When engaging with the public, it is important to be empathetic for people’s concerns and not to appear

aloof. At the same time, people need to have a clear understanding of the project’s vision, which is why it was so

important to HKPSI to explain to the public what we were trying to achieve.

As an innovative project that was completely new to the

community, it is not surprising that we encountered some difficulties. The first challenge came when HKPSI received a high volume of complaints regarding our "Ink Garden" exhibit.

A group of frequent park users complained that the ink paintings were occupying the open space that they used

for morning exercise. Their concern was understandable, but was this really a one-or-zero situation? Was it possible

to reach a solution that satisfied everyone’s needs? The

接 觸 公 眾 最 重 要 的 是 切 身 處 地 了 解 大 家 的 憂 慮， 切 忌 表 現 自 高 自 大； 同 時 大 眾 亦 須 透 徹 了 解 項 目 的 願 景，

因此拓展公共空間向公眾解釋希望達到的目標十分重 要。

由 於 這 個 創 新 的 項 目 對 社 區 而 言 十 分 新 鮮， 不 難 預 計 當 中 會 面 對 一 定 的 困 難， 而 拓 展 公 共 空 間 遇 到 的 首 個 難題就是「水墨花園」的展品收到大量投訴。

一 班 公 園 常 客 投 訴 水 墨 畫 霸 佔 了 日 常 晨 運 的 空 間。 他 們 的 擔 心 不 難 理 解， 但 是 否 就 是 一 個「 有 你 無 我 」 的

情 況？ 可 以 從 中 得 出 一 個 可 滿 足 大 家 的 方 案 嗎？ 拓 展 公共空間首先提出以下問題：

作品是否完全霸佔所有晨運空間？答案明顯不是。

HKPSI team asked the following questions:

公 共 空 間 的 真 諦 是 甚 麼？ 拓 展 公 共 空 間 認 為 公 共

Did the artwork in question completely use all space

空間彌足珍貴，可人人共享，樂在其中。

for morning exercises? The answer was clearly no.

What is the true beauty of public space? The team

藝 術 作 品 有 否 令 社 區 得 益？ 是 否 塑 造 了 有 意 義 的

reached the conclusion that public space is precious

體驗？

because it can be shared and enjoyed by everybody.

Was the art piece really benefiting the community?

Did it offer them a meaningful experience?

The team actively discussed these questions with local residents every day at the park during the exhibition period. We explained that all the artworks were created

題， 並 解 釋 作 品 是 由 街 坊 創 作。 團 隊 觀 察 到 不 同 年 紀 的 人 對 畫 作 均 感 興 趣， 其 中 的「 臨 時 水 墨 畫 布 」 更 激

起 大 家 的 參 與 和 創 意， 不 少 家 長 與 小 孩 更 玩 得 十 分 愉

by members of the local community. It was also observed

快！

"temporary ink drawing board" encouraging participation

在 經 過 多 番 溝 通 後， 原 本 對 展 覽 持 反 對 態 度 的 人 大 都

that the paintings spoke to people of all ages, with the and creativity. Indeed, there were many smiling faces when kids and parents played with these paintings!

After much conversation, most of the people who had originally opposed the exhibition appeared to soften their

stance. Some even showed appreciation for the fantastic artworks that their fellow neighbours had created, and

this process sparked healthy dialogue among community members regarding the use of public spaces.

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團隊在展覽期間每天都在公園與當區居民討論上述問

Building People-place Connections through Public Art 公共藝術：連繫人與地

立 場 軟 化， 更 有 人 欣 賞 由 街 坊 創 作 的 精 彩 畫 作， 而 整

個過程亦激發了社區成員之間對公共空間運用一次有 益的對話。

06 Feedback Every placemaking programme, including this urban

06 意見收集

每個地方營造活動都需要系統性地收集意見，

learning and evolution. Only feedback enables the

供日後長遠學習及改良之用，是次社會實驗亦

time.

行過程做得更好。

experiment, needs a feedback system for long-term

project process to become better and better over

毫不例外，只有取得意見才可令日後的項目進

In this experiment, HKPSI designed various feedback

在這項實驗中，拓展公共空間設計了不同的渠

pave the way for future projects. Valuable lessons

were drawn from the experience; from the initial

感， 為 日 後 的 項 目 鋪 路。 整 個 過 程 由 初 步 接

of the exhibition itself, the experience provided

經驗，啟發希望藉公共藝術於社區進行地區營

channels to inspire the participating artists and

道 收 集 意 見， 希 望 可 為 參 與 的 藝 術 家 提 供 靈

outreach, to the creative process, and the execution

觸、創作過程、到舉行展覽均吸取了不少寶貴

rich inspiration for all stakeholders who seek to

造的相關人士，以及加深彼此的連繫。

create public art that can contribute to community placemaking and foster relationships.

The Experience Day 體驗日

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Building People-place Connections through Public Art 公共藝術：連繫人與地

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63

Lessons Learned

項目經驗

As said, HKPSI adopted an innovative approach

正如前文所說，拓展公共空間採用了創新方式

successful, but some were not. Below are some

策展這個城市實驗。部份方法成功，但亦有可

projects:

經驗，相信可對日後的公共藝術項目有所幫助︰

for curating this Urban Experiment. Some were

takeaways, which are useful in future public art

加以改進的地方。以下總結了這個項目的一些

1 Early dialogue with the community during the

1

於創作過程前期與社區進行溝通可帶來實

2 It is important to engage in community dialogue

2

就共享公共空間與社區展開對話相當重要。

creative process makes a real difference.

regarding the shared use of public spaces.

3 Many people have an inherent resistance to change.

3

際改變。

不少人對轉變均有種固有的阻力。

4

大眾對公共藝術和嶄新概念的看法會隨時

5 Users enjoy watching other activities in a public

5

使用者享受觀看他人在公共空間中進行其

6 Public art that successfully encourages social

6

成功鼓勵社交互動的公共藝術必定會同時

elements can promote a stronger sense of

7

向地區元素致意的公共藝術可令大眾產生

8 Introducing participatory elements in the park

8

可令人參與其中的公園設計可為不同世代

4 People’s perceptions of public art and new

concepts evolve over time.

space.

interaction must always stimulate users’ senses too.

7 Public art that shows an appreciation for local

connection.

design can create memorable experiences character of the space, and provide a platform

9 It is important to have an ongoing mechanism

that allows continuous dialogue between the community and policy makers and developers

in promoting long-term sustainability in our community.

64

Building People-place Connections through Public Art 公共藝術：連繫人與地

他活動。

刺激用家的感官。 更強的連繫。

的 用 家 帶 來 難 忘 的 體 驗， 增 強 空 間 的 本 土 特色，並為社區對話搭建平台。

for generations of users, enhance the local for dialogue.

間轉變。

9

為 社 區 與 決 策 人 員 及 發 展 商 建 立 機 制， 促 進社區的可持續發展。

Example - Many People Have an Inherent Resistance to Change 例子 - 不少人對轉變有種固有的阻力

People are open to new possibilities once they have

人 面 對 全 新 的 可 能 性， 在 親 身 經 歷 並 感 到 自 在 後 大 都

with them. In the Kwun Tong exhibition, "Oddish" received

會 放 開 懷 抱。 在 觀 塘 的 展 覽 中，「 行 路 草 」 因 被 視 為

its perceived danger, but these people came to enjoy it over

品 感 到 放 心 後 都 多 次 享 用 作 品， 有 人 更 不 忍 看 到 展 品

experienced them personally and become more comfortable mostly negative comments from community members for time once they became more comfortable with it, and many were sad to see it taken down.

While some admired the extra greenery that it added to the park, a number of middle-aged and elderly people initially complained about the safety of the installation, with many of

有 潛 在 危 險， 居 民 起 初 大 都 加 以 批 評， 直 至 他 們 對 展 被拆除。

雖 然 有 人 對 公 園 可 增 加 綠 化 表 示 讚 賞， 但 起 初 亦 有 不 少 中 年 人 及 長 者 投 訴 展 品 的 安 全 問 題， 當 中 特 別 關 心 草 地 濕 滑， 並 會 絆 倒 行 人， 而 這 正 是 公 眾 對 新 思 維 接

grass paths. This was where the receptiveness of the public to

受 程 度 的 一 次 考 驗。 不 少 用 家 在 未 曾 親 身 體 驗 前 就 批

due to safety reasons before experiencing it themselves. Over

更 為 熟 悉 後， 即 使 長 者 亦 樂 意 行 走 在 上， 更 有 人 指 走

these people concerned about slipping and tripping on the a new concept was tested. Many users criticised the installation the exhibition period, it was observed that as users became

more familiar with "Oddish", even elderly people became comfortable walking on it, with some even expressing the

評 展 品， 但 在 展 覽 期 間 觀 察 所 見， 大 家 對「 行 路 草 」

在 草 地 上 更 舒 適 安 全。 要 改 變 社 區 必 然 會 遇 上 固 有 的

阻力，但可藉教育和持續展示新概念令情況有所改善。

opinion that the grass was more comfortable and safer to

walk on. There is often an inherent resistance to change in the community, with time this can be overcome through education and continued exposure to the new concept.

Example - People's Perceptions of Public Art and New Concepts Evolve over Time 例子 - 大眾對公共藝術和嶄新概念的看法會隨時間改變 A wide range of factors, such as design, local context, physical setting, weather, management, timing, and many

others, can all affect the experience of people interacting

with artworks in any given space. Perception and behaviour

林 林 總 總 的 因 素， 如 設 計、 地 區 背 景、 環 境 設 定、 天 氣、 管 理、 時 間 等 都 可 影 響 受 眾 在 特 定 地 方 與 藝 術 作

品 的 互 動。 從 拓 展 公 共 空 間 為 期 兩 星 期 的 實 驗 可 以 看

both change over time when a community begins to build

到， 隨 社 區 與 作 品 漸 漸 產 生 關 係， 大 眾 的 看 法 和 行 為

the HKPSI’s two-week experiment. For instance, many adults

獲 不 少 成 年 人 選 為 最 受 歡 迎 的 作 品， 與 展 覽 之 初 所 得

a relationship with artworks, as was demonstrated through voted for "Oddish" as their favourite artwork on the last day of the event, despite this being the complete opposite

亦 會 隨 之 而 改 變， 例 如「 行 路 草 」 在 展 覽 的 最 後 一 天 到的意見截然不同。

of their initial feedback at the start of the exhibition.

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

65

3 An Urban Experiment to Explore Great Public Space Design 探索優質公共空間的城市實驗

Hong Kong Public Space Initiative 拓展公共空間 66

An Urban Experiment to Explore Great Public Space Design 探索優質公共空間的城市實驗

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

67

Background

背景

Provision of quality public space is integral to the

優質的公共空間是理想城市生活不可或缺的要

city like Hong Kong. There are some public space

素，尤其對於如香港般人煙稠密的城市。香港

Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines (HKPSG)

休憩空間設計及管理指引》，為設計師提供適

living quality of a city, particularly in a compact design guidelines available locally such as Hong

有《香港規劃標準與準則》及《私人發展公眾

and Public Open Space in Private Development

用 於 香 港 公 共 空 間 設 計 的 準 則 和 標 準。 而 外

(POSPD) Design and Management Guidelines, which serve as a set of principles and criteria for public

地也有不少類似的指引，例如英國的《Urban Design Compendium》、 美 國 的《Active

guidelines, there are numerous guidelines across

Design Guidelines》、 新 加 坡 的《Design

Active Design Guidelines (US) and Design Guidelines

Privately Owned Public Spaces》( 請 參 照

space design practitioners. Apart from these local

the world, such as Urban Design Compendium (UK), and Good Practice Guide for Privately Owned Public

Spaces (Singapore) (Please refer to Appendix),

Guidelines and Good Practice Guide for 附錄 )。

providing guidance in designing public spaces.

不過，當實際進行公共空間的發展項目時，並

When implementing actual public space

不能只是紙上談兵，就此拓展公共空間會於本

reading guidelines. In this chapter, HKPSI shares

章與讀者分享較早前團隊於觀塘海濱花進行的 城市實驗，透過實驗研究塑造理想公共空間的

development projects, it is not simply about our experience of urban experiment for studying

critical design elements of Kwun Tong Promenade contributing to a great public space in reality. It

also demonstrates that site context-oriented design

elements are critical considerations in enhancing public space’s quality and users’ satisfaction.

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An Urban Experiment to Explore Great Public Space Design 探索優質公共空間的城市實驗

重要設計元素，當中會發現如設計能考慮到不 同地區的特色而加以發揮和利用，便能大大提 高公共空間的質素和使用者的滿意度。

Our Urban Experiment

城市實驗

Based on HKPSI's previous experience in conducting

拓展公共空間根據以往在本港所進行有關公共

have the assumption that a good public space

空間的社區項目的經驗，相信好的公共空間設

interactions and enhance sense of belonging,

間的交流並加強人們對地方的歸屬感。這種設

community projects relating to public spaces, we design will facilitate diverse activities, foster human

計能促進不同的活動發生，從而增進人與人之

and it always echoes the local context of the site.

計通常都能回應地區的特色。這次實驗主要研

This experiment is to study how different kinds of activities are carried out, in a harmonious or a

conflicting way, at the experiment site, and analyse their relationships with the surrounding physical

究不同類型的活動如何能和諧地或有衝突地同 時在實驗場地進行，再加上人和自然環境因素 的考慮，分析它們與周邊環境設計的關係。

settings taking consideration of human and nature factors.

(1) Experiment Site

(1) 實驗地點

We conducted the experiment in the "Sensory

是次實驗地點為觀塘海濱花園的感官花園，地

underneath the Kwun Tong bypass and is far away

點位處觀塘繞道之下，遠離住宅區。感官花園

variety of facilities, including a multi-purpose plaza,

道、表演場地、兒童遊樂場及長者健身角等。

Garden" of Kwun Tong Promenade, which is located

from the residential area. The area offers a wide seaside boardwalk, performance area, children’s

playground, elderly fitness area, and so on. An area near the secondary entrance of the Promenade

提供多元化的設施，包括多用途廣場、海濱步

我們揀選了近海濱花園次入口的區域為實驗地 點，該地方有以下幾項特點︰

was selected to be the major set-up area with the following characteristics:

Good ventilation 良好的通風

A rain-proof shelter 可避雨的地方

Natural daylight 有自然光

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

69

A rain-proof shelter 防雨水上蓋

Good ventilation 良好通風

Natural daylight 自然日光

Hoi Bun Road 海濱道 Plants 植物

Children's play area 兒童遊樂區

Hard paved area 硬地

Kwun Tong Promenade 觀塘海濱

Kwun Tong Bypass 觀塘繞道

Experiment Site 實驗地點

Trees 樹木

(2) Key Study Elements

(2) 主要研究元素

Key study elements were grouped into the three

主 要 研 究 元 素 可 歸 類 為 三 大 類：(a) 人 ／ 使 用

main dimensions: (a) human dimension, (b) physical environment, and (c) nature.

Human Dimension 人／使用者

70

者、(b) 場地環境、(c) 自然環境。

Physical Environment

An Urban Experiment to Explore Great Public Space Design 探索優質公共空間的城市實驗

場地環境

Nature

自然環境

Human Dimension 人／使用者

Type of user

(age, gender, relation, nationality)

Living place

Human Dimension (distance, mode of transport) 人／使用者 Needs / Reason for visit Frequency of visit Preference Activities Duration of stay Social interaction

使用者背景

（歲數、性別、關係、國籍）

居住地方

（距離、交通方法）

來訪需要／原因 來訪次數 喜好 活動

逗留時間 社交互動

We interviewed some of the existing users of that public space. Surprisingly, we found out that:

團隊訪問了該公共空間中一些現有使用者，得到以下有趣發現： Living Place 居住區域

70%

do not live in Kwun Tong 並非住在觀塘

Travelling Time 前來此公共空間需時

40%

spend >30 minutes on transportation 花超過 30 分鐘在交通上

Reasons for Visit 來訪原因

Length of Stay 逗留時間

gather with friends and family

stay for more than an hour

80%

與親朋好友相聚

70%

逗留超過一小時

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

71

Physical Environment 場地環境

Location Facilities Surrounding uses Design (e.g. shelter, seating, paving, landscape, public arts, etc.)

Lighting Accessibility Functions Openness Scale Division of space

地點 設施

周邊用途 設計

（ 如 遮 蔭、 座 位、 路 磚、 園 景、 公共藝術等）

光線

暢達性 功能

易見度 規模

空間劃分

The following highlights our findings on physical environment:

以下是團隊在研究場地環境後得出的一些發現：

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An Urban Experiment to Explore Great Public Space Design 探索優質公共空間的城市實驗

Location 地點

Sensory Garden 感官花園

Legend 圖例

Experiment Site 實驗地點

Residential Area 住宅區

Non-residential Area

Major Transport Hub

(incl. industrial, commercial, GIC)

(incl. MTR Station, Ferry Pier)

（如工業、商業、政府、機構、社區用地）

（包括港鐵站、渡輪碼頭）

Below are the location characteristics of the experiment site:

located at the waterfront area; adjacent to main industrial area; about 10-minute walk from railway stations; one of the major public spaces in the district but with some distance from the major residential area;

非住宅區

主要公共交通點

Pedestrian Connection 非住宅區

以下是實驗的地方特色︰ 位置海濱地帶

毗連主要工業區

距離鐵路站 10 分鐘步程

區內主要公共空間之一，但距離民居較遠 周圍缺乏文娛康樂和零售設施

lack of other recreational, entertainment and retail facilities in the surroundings.

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

73

Physical Environment 場地環境

Facilities 設施

Below are the facilities at the experiment site:

以下是實驗地方所提供的設施︰

Decks, slides and climbers

Fixed benches: one-sided benches provide 30 seats for users

平台、滑梯和攀爬架

固定的長凳︰單邊長凳提供 30 個座位予使用者

Design 設計

Major design features of the experiment site

實驗場地的主要設計特色

1

74

5

4

2

3

1

Shape of space: irregular site boundary

2

Planting: variety of plants

4

Height/space: high ceiling and spacious

5

Lighting: sufficient natural lighting

空間的形狀：不規則邊界

高度／空間：高樓底和有空間感

An Urban Experiment to Explore Great Public Space Design 探索優質公共空間的城市實驗

種植：多種植物品種 光線：充足自然光

3

Paving: mix of soft and hard paving

鋪地物料：混合應用軟硬物料

Nature

自然環境 Weather Time Season

天氣 時間 季節

Nature dimension involves some environmental factors that affect users' behavioural pattern. In general, nature factors are not controllable, such as weather, time and season.

自然環境包括一些影響使用者行為習慣的自然環境因素。自然因素一般不能控制，例如 天氣、時間和季節。

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

75

(3) Analytical Framework

(3) 分析框架

The three main dimensions are further classified

上述三大研究元素可再分類為選定變項、依變

as selected variable, dependent variable and uncontrollable variable under the below analytical

項和不能控制的變項︰

framework:

Selected Variable 選定變項

Physical Environment 場地環境

In this experiment, the physical environment was

altered to see how human interaction would change with it.

實驗會改變場地環境，以研究人與人之間的交 流如何隨之改變。

Dependent Variable 依變項

Human Dimension 人／使用者

Human interaction is affected by the physical environment and the uncontrollable variable.

人與人之間的交流會受場地環境和不可控制的 變項影響。

Uncontrollable Variable 不可控制的變項

Nature

自然環境 The weather and season cannot be controlled in the

experiment. But their effect should be taken into account when analysing the dependent variable.

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An Urban Experiment to Explore Great Public Space Design 探索優質公共空間的城市實驗

實驗中無法控制天氣和季節，但當分析「依變 項」時，這些自然環境因素都應一同考慮。

Observe 觀察 how the human dimension changes against physical environment

人的因素如何因應場地環境而改變

Human Dimension 人／使用者

Dependent Variable 依變項

Nature

自然環境

Physical Environment 場地環境

Uncontrollable Variable 不可控制的變項

Selected Variable 選定變項

Adding sport facilities, mobile library and movable screens

增添運動設施、流動圖書館和流動屏風

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

77

(4) Experiment Execution

1

Prior to commencing the experiment, we visited the site to understand its characteristics in terms of environment, design and users.

2 With a general understanding of the site context and

(4) 進行實驗

在開始實驗前，先實地了解實驗地點環境、設 計和使用者的特點。

透過對地點環境和設計特點的基本理解，團隊

"baseline study" (i.e. controlled experiment) before

在實驗前後進行一系列的基線研究（即對照實

patterns at the experiment location — without the

的主要行為模式。

its design characteristics, we conducted a series of

and after the experiment to explore the key user effect of our experiment set-up.

3

The focus of the baseline study was mainly the visitor

flow of the space, where we attempted to gauge the flow of users across different time intervals, under

驗），研究實驗地點在沒有實驗設置下使用者

基線研究針對空間人流，即估計在不同時間和 天氣下的人流。

different weather conditions.

4

We then conducted the experiment by launching a

mobile library, providing users with a selected range of sports equipment, and setting up some movable

screens that allowed users to adjust the shading and

openness of their specific location in the experiment site.

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An Urban Experiment to Explore Great Public Space Design 探索優質公共空間的城市實驗

實驗計劃提供多項新設施，包括一個流動圖書 館、一系列的運動設備，以及可供使用者在特 定的實驗地點調節遮蔭和易見度的流動屏風。

Mobile Library 流動圖書館

consisted of 3 movable bookshelf ‘carts’ with

由 三 架 手 推 車 組 成， 書 籍 按 主 題 分 類， 讀

accessible from all sides of the carts (front, back,

者 可 以 從 手 推 車 的 各 面（ 前 方、 後 方 和 側

encouraged users to write their thoughts on the

鼓 勵 使 用 者 在 便 條 上 寫 下 讀 後 感， 並 與 其

books that are categorised by topics and and sides)

books on sticky notes, and shared them with other users

provided various seating options for users, including floor mats, movable chairs, and a tent

observed the impact of the experiment on the human behaviour and conducted interviews with

面）拿取書籍。 他使用者分享。

不 同 的 安 坐 設 備（ 即 地 蓆、 活 動 座 椅 和 帳 篷）可供選擇。

觀 察 實 驗 對 使 用 者 行 爲 的 影 響， 亦 會 訪 問 使用者。

them

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

79

Sports Equipment 運動設備

provided users with a range of sports equipment

(e.g. badminton rackets, shuttlecocks, and jumping ropes)

observed users’ behaviour and how they utilised the equipment, and conducted interviews with them

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An Urban Experiment to Explore Great Public Space Design 探索優質公共空間的城市實驗

一 系 列 的 運 動 設 備（ 例 如 羽 毛 球 拍、 羽 毛 球、毽子和跳繩）可供使用。

觀 察 使 用 者 行 為， 特 別 是 使 用 者 如 何 善 用 設備，亦會訪問使用者。

Movable Screens 流動屏風

provided a few movable screens of different levels of visibility and openness-to-sky

observed users’ behaviour and how they utilised the equipment, and conducted interviews with them

提 供 流 動 屏 風， 供 使 用 者 自 己 調 節 想 要 的 能見度和易見度。

觀察使用者行為，和使用者如何善用設備， 亦會訪問使用者。

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

81

(5) Results and Findings

(5) 觀察及分析

After analysing users’ behaviour observed, visitor

經分析對所觀察到的使用者行爲、收集到的人

flow data collected and ethnographic user interviews result, we had the following findings/observations:

(a) Spending Longer Period of Time in the Public Space Based on the usage data of mobile library and sports

equipment, the experiment has attracted users to an additional 34.3 minutes as compared to their usual stay.

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An Urban Experiment to Explore Great Public Space Design 探索優質公共空間的城市實驗

流數據及不同背景使用者的訪問結果，團隊有 以下的發現：

(a) 於公共空間逗留較長時間 根據流動圖書館和運動用品的使用率，與使用 者平常的逗留時間比較，實驗能吸引他們平均 多停留 34.3 分鐘。

(b) Users’ Perception on Sense of Openness Based on the usage data of movable screens, we found that the sensitivity to the openness of space was related to the following factors:

they would be more sensitive to the openness of

對於一些參與靜態活動的使用者，他們對空 間易見度的敏感度會較參與動態活動的使用 者為高。

space, they would be more sensitive to the for a short time.

若使用者逗留時間較長，他們對空間易見度 的敏感度會較逗留時間較短的使用者為高。

be less sensitive to the openness of space.

度亦較低。

10-20 min 分鐘 30%

> 20 min 分鐘 50%

0

10

20

Length of stay 逗留時間長短

Visit alone 獨自前來 50%

2 people 二人同行 38%

1

2

30

3-4 people 三至四人同行 10%

0-10 min ~0.1

Low 低

若同行人數較多，使用者對空間易見度的敏感

0-10 min 分鐘 10%

High 高

If the group size is bigger, the park users would

Sensitivity to openness of spaace 對易見度的敏感度

Group Size of Visitors 同行人數

Active 動態

Low 低

openness of space than those who plan to stay

High 高

If the users plan to spend longer time in the

Passive 靜態

Nature of Activity 活動性質

Sensitivity to openness of spaace 對易見度的敏感度

Length of Stay 逗留時間

Low 低

space than those participating in active activities.

個因素與空間易見度的敏感度有關︰

High 高

For park users engaging in passive activities,

根據流動屏風的使用數據，團隊發現有以下三

Sensitivity to openness of spaace 對易見度的敏感度

Purpose of Visit 來訪目的

(b) 訪客對易見度觀感

3

Group size of visitors 同行人數

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

4

83

(c) User/Activity Distribution Pattern and Observations

(c) 使用者／活動分佈及觀察

1

2

1

2

3

84

Major facilities such as children’s recreational facilities are provided along the centreline of the space which attracts higher density of active users along the central part of the space. To allow active and passive activities to be carried out at the same time at the site, "pocket spaces" may help.

1

Many small and irregular "pocket spaces" are found around the boundaries of the experiment site. They create compartments apparently to allow different activities to be happened simultaneously in the area without interfering each other. e.g. reading groups were found next to the group playing badminton.

2

Thanks to the plants at the surroundings, they enable screening effect to reduce noise and air pollution generated by the roadside traffic. The plants also help to moderate microclimate and natural lighting that makes the site ideal for many types of activities.

Flyover (Kwun Tong Bypass) acts as a huge shelter creating a considerable rain-proof space for various types of activity under different weather conditions, regardless of sunny or rainy weather. A huge covered outdoor public space is not common in Hong Kong and it has high potential for better use as it can provide a good venue suitable for many kinds of activities, no matter in sunny or rainy days. High ceiling with a huge cover allows sufficient natural lighting and ventilation during most of the time of a day. It creates comfortable microclimate for users.

3

An Urban Experiment to Explore Great Public Space Design 探索優質公共空間的城市實驗

場 內 的 主 要 設 施， 如 兒 童 遊 樂 設 施 集 中 於 空 間 的 中 線， 以 致 使 用 者 較 集 中 於 中 間 區 域。「 口 袋空間」有助動態和靜態活動同時進行。

很 多 小 而 不 規 則 的「 口 袋 空 間 」 出 現 在 實 驗 場 地 的 劃 定 區 域 外 圍 界 線 附 近。 這 些 空 間 明 顯 地 被 劃 分， 讓 不 同 活 動 於 同 一 空 間 內 同 時 進 行，

亦 對 其 他 群 組 沒 太 大 影 響， 例 如 閱 讀 小 組 與 打 羽毛球的群組並存為鄰。

實 驗 地 點 周 圍 種 滿 植 物， 形 成 屏 蔽 效 應， 減 少

了 來 自 路 邊 車 輛 的 噪 音 和 空 氣 污 染。 這 些 植 物 亦 有 助 調 節 實 驗 地 點 的 微 氣 候 和 自 然 光， 使 這 片 空 間 適 合 不 同 類 型 活 動。 天 橋（ 觀 塘 繞 道 ） 成 爲 巨 型 上 蓋， 製 造 大 片 有 蓋 地 方， 可 在 不 受

天 氣 影 響 下 進 行 各 種 活 動。 如 此 大 片 的 有 蓋 戶 外 公 共 空 間， 在 香 港 並 不 常 見， 如 此 可 見， 類

似 的 有 蓋 戶 外 公 共 空 間 有 潛 質 加 以 運 用， 無 論 於 晴 天 或 雨 天， 都 能 為 市 民 提 供 適 合 各 類 型 活 動 的 場 地。 高 樓 底 讓 場 地 大 部 分 時 間 都 可 有 充 足的自然光和通風，形成舒適的微氣候。

3 4 1 2

4

It was found that some activities were more sensitive to provision of lighting (or natural lighting) and layout/ types of seating. It was observed that people who were reading at the site moved around the area over different period of time during the day mainly due to the change of the angle and intensity of sunlight. At the same time, provision of suitable seating was also a critical factor for a longer stay. Intermix of fixed and flexible seating would cater for wider needs of users, especially for activities (e.g. reading) which might be more sensitive to environmental factors over the day.

Original position 原本位置

4

部 份 活 動 較 受 光 線（ 或 自 然 光 ） 及 座 位 的 類 型 和 布 置 影 響。 團 隊 觀 察 到 閱 讀 的 人 隨 着 時 間， 會 按 陽 光 的 角 度 和 強 弱 轉 換 位 置。 同 一 時 間，

合 適 的 座 位 令 使 用 者 逗 留 較 長 時 間。 混 合 固 定 和流動的座位設計能切合更多使用者的不同需

要， 特 別 是 如 閱 讀 般 較 受 環 境 因 素 影 響 的 活 動。

Sunlight shining on original position 陽光照射到原本位置

Moved to another position 移師到另一位置

Hoi Bun Road 海濱道 Plants 植物

Children's play area 兒童遊樂區

Hard paved area 硬地

Long bench (30 seats) 長凳（30 座位）

Kwun Tong Bypass 觀塘繞道

Kwun Tong Promenade 觀塘海濱 tent 帳篷

mat

地蓆

foldable chair 活動座椅

movable bookshelf 流動書架

roll-up stand banner 易拉架

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

85

5

6

7

8

86

Various paving style and texture (hard and soft) can effectively divide the space apparently without using physical separators, e.g. children’s recreational area is covered with soft pavement to ensure safety for the young users running and jumping on and off the equipment; adjacent hard-paved space is designed for passive activities such as walking or sitting.

5

Other users like parents coming along with their children always gathered in groups but did not take any seat. Two main reasons were identified: no suitable seating was available for group chatting and higher sight-level facilitated them to watch their kids at a certain distance.

6

Various modes of seating promote different ways of interactions among users. According to our observations, people sitting on the same floor mat or tent were more likely to have more interactions as users had a sense of sharing the same defined space. People choosing the fixed benches were often reading on their own, and involved less interaction with others.

7

Provision of movable furniture/equipment (we provided movable seating, sports equipment, books, movable screens in our experiment) enabled users to find their best way to use the space. Movable furniture also encouraged users to utilise the space creatively according to their needs.

8

An Urban Experiment to Explore Great Public Space Design 探索優質公共空間的城市實驗

運 用 地 面 不 同 風 格 和 軟 硬 程 度 的 鋪 地 物 料， 可 在不需設置實體欄杆下亦可把空間清楚劃分成

各 個 區 域。 例 如 為 確 保 兒 童 在 使 用 設 施 期 間 跑 跳 的 安 全， 兒 童 遊 樂 場 部 分 會 鋪 設 軟 墊。 附 近

地方採用的硬地設計則適合步行或坐下等靜態 活動。

其 他 使 用 者， 例 如 與 子 女 同 行 的 家 長， 通 常 都 聚 集 成 群， 但 不 會 坐 下。 兩 個 主 要 原 因 是 場 地

沒 有 適 合 的 座 位 讓 家 長 們 坐 下 聊 天， 而 且 高 視 線水平有利他們在一定的距離看管子女。

不同座位類型會促進使用者不同形式的的交流 互 動。 根 據 觀 察 所 得， 坐 在 同 一 地 蓆 或 帳 篷 的

人 較 有 可 能 互 相 交 流。 坐 在 固 定 長 凳 的 人 較 多 自己閲讀，且較少與其他使用者交流。

提 供 可 移 動 設 施（ 實 驗 提 供 了 流 動 座 位、 運 動 用 品、 書 本 和 屏 風 ）， 可 讓 使 用 者 自 己 找 到 使

用 空 間 的 最 佳 方 法。 這 些 可 移 動 設 施 亦 鼓 勵 了 他 們 善 用 空 間， 發 揮 創 意， 設 計 符 合 自 己 所 需 的空間。

1

1

2

2

2

2

1

Hard and soft paving

2

Different modes of seating — mats, tent, bench, movable chairs

不同軟硬程度的鋪地物料 不同的座位類型⸺地蓆、帳蓬、長凳、流動椅子

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

87

(d) 不同的社交互動模式

(d) Different Patterns of Social Interactions

time

time

時間

Reading could allow interactions between multiple users or groups of users at the same time. 閱讀可同時讓多位／組使用者互相交流。

Reading 閱讀

時間

Two users or groups of users at the same time were required to play badminton. 打羽毛球同時需要兩位／組使用者。

Playing badminton 打羽毛球

For people visiting in groups (e.g. parents with kids),

It had a low level of flexibility as it had to be initiated

between users, where they would discuss books,

than four users. It did not contribute to fostering

it was more likely to have inter-group interactions

or let their children interact with other kids in the space. They also preferred movable seating such as floor mats.

and sustained by at least two users and no more

inter-group social interactions in the space, as it was mostly performed by users who already knew each other and came as groups.

結伴同行（如家長帶同小孩）的人會有較多群

由於這項活動要二至四人發起及參與，故此較

小孩互動。他們亦較喜歡如地蓆一類的流動座

因此未能促進空間内群組間的交流。

組間的交流，他們會討論書籍或讓子女與其他 位。

88

An Urban Experiment to Explore Great Public Space Design 探索優質公共空間的城市實驗

少彈性。同時，由於組隊的人大多早已認識，

time

time

時間

Any users or groups of users could join shuttlecock-kicking anytime. 任何使用者或群組都可隨時參與踢毽。

Kicking shuttlecocks 踢毽

時間

A rope could only be available for use by a user or a group of users at a time. 跳繩只可同時讓一位／組使用者使用。

Jumping ropes 跳繩

Users were found to have more interactions with

We observed a moderate level of interaction

other (strangers). Users could easily find the right

rope rather quickly and switched to other activities,

other groups, even when they did not know each

space without impacting other users. Furthermore, it was easier to be initiated anywhere, and could be joined by other users anytime.

觀察所見，使用者與其他群體（即陌生人）互

動較多。使用者可以在不影響其他使用者的情 況下，容易找到合適的空間。再者，踢毽容易 隨處發起，其他人亦可隨時加入。

between users. They also tended to return the

because rope-jumping involved only one movement, and it was physically exhausting over time. When provided with both a short rope for solo-jumping and a long rope for group-jumping, most users

preferred the short rope because it was easier to be initiated everywhere. As group-jumping took up a

significantly larger space, it created concerns on the impact on other users, as well as children’s safety.

觀察所見，使用者之間有中等程度的交流，並 傾向盡快歸還繩子，轉為參與其他活動，因跳 繩動作單一，長時間進行會容易疲累。當同時

提供短繩供個人跳繩及長繩供多人跳繩，多數 人會因較易隨時隨地開始而選擇短繩，相反多 人跳繩需較多空間，會令人擔心影響其他使用 者，或對兒童產生危險。

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

89

(e) Management’s Intervention

(e) 管理人員的干預

It was observed that how people use the space

據觀察所得，市民如何使用場地亦受到場地的

At non-peak hours, users enjoyed more freedom

管理影響。我們發現在非繁忙時間，使用者可

was allowed. During the peak hours, and playing

繁忙時間，市民被要求轉到實驗場地以外，附

was also subject to the management of the site. and playing badminton at the experiment site

享受較多自由，可以在實驗場地打羽毛球。在

badminton were advised to move to another site

近一個由另一機構管理的地方打球。

outside the study area which was under another management authority.

90

An Urban Experiment to Explore Great Public Space Design 探索優質公共空間的城市實驗

Conclusion

結論

Throughout the six-month period, HKPSI went

在這六個月期間，拓展公共空間進行了基線研

and set-up, execution, on-site observation and user

究、實驗設計和進行、實地考察，以及訪問使

collected, based on the analytical framework, to

資料，探索在公共空間設計方面人、場地環境

through the baseline study, experiment design interviews. We analysed the data and information

用者，並按照分析框架整理所收集到的數據和

examine the relationships between human, physical

與 自 然 環 境 之 間 的 關 係。 實 驗 結 果 顯 示， 設

environment and natural dimensions in the context of public space design. The findings showed that

計元素大大影響人如何使用空間，例如逗留時 間、使用者的空間分布、社交互動的方式等，

space, such as the length of stay, spatial distribution

這些對於塑造公共空間的使用者體驗非常重

the important part of the user experience in the

感。此外，實驗結果亦突顯了其他因素，包括

design elements greatly affected how people use the

of users, type of social interactions, etc. that forms public space. In the long run, great user experience

could foster one’s sense of belonging. Furthermore, the findings also highlighted that other factors

要。長遠來說，良好的使用者體驗可增強歸屬

使用者背景、來訪目的、場地設置等，都會隨

着時間和天氣，影響使用者對公共空間設計的 觀感。換句話說，同一個設計，放置於不同地

context, etc. would affect how users perceived the

方，結果不盡相同。唯有多留意地區特色，並

and weather conditions. In other words, the outcome

條件。

including user demographics, purpose of visit, site

design of the public space in different time periods of the same design could vary from place to place.

注重設計細節，才是建構優質公共空間的重要

Being sensitive to the local context and paying attention to the design details are definitely vital criteria for creating a quality public space.

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

91

Appendix 附錄

Table 1: A Brief Summary of Public Spaces Related Design Guidelines in HKPSG (Source: Planning Department 2015)

Factors Size / Configuration Access / Location

Extracted Descriptions • Centralise active recreation facilities to confine noise impact and users’ movement, and avoid locating them within close proximity to major roads

• Confine children’s play area to allow easier parental supervision • Provide barrier-free facilities to allow access of the disabled • Provide the following facilities to cater for the needs of the disabled and elderly: public

Public Seating / Amenities

toilets; shaded planting areas for walking and sitting; adequate lighting; emergency phones; handicapped facilities; visual-free walking areas; ramps with handrails in preference to steps; and car or bus dropping-off points near to venues.

Microclimate / Shade

• Provide adequate lighting in shaded sitting-out areas

Table 2: A Brief Summary of Public Spaces Related Design Guidelines in POSPD Design and Management Guidelines (Source: Development Bureau 2011)

Factors

Extracted Descriptions • Prefer a more defined space to a loosely defined one

Size / Configuration

• Prefer a higher "width/depth : length ratio" • Provide not less than 75% of major space

Access / Location

• Provide street frontage with at least the same width as the public open space to enhance visibility and popularity

• Provide universal access for the diabled and the elderly • Provide seating with high visibility into and around the space to promote a sense of openness

Public Seating / Amenities

and safety

• Allow an appropriate balance between the clear space and other amenities • Provide appropriate covered primary (≥ 10%) and/or secondary seatings • Employ canopy and tree shading to create a more comfortable microclimate

Microclimate / Shade

• Select transparent materials for the canopy to provide weather protection on one hand and admit natural light on the other hand

• Allow 30-50% of the area for soft landscaping, half of which for planting large and shade trees • Provide appropriate lighting which is coordinated with pedestrian lighting

Signage

92

• Provide clear indications

An Urban Experiment to Explore Great Public Space Design 探索優質公共空間的城市實驗

Table 3: A Brief Summary of Public Spaces Related Design Guidelines in Urban Design Compendium (Source: English Partnerships and Housing Corporation 2000)

Factors

Extracted Descriptions • Provide: • regional parks and open spaces (400 hectares)

Size / Configuration

• metropolitan parks (60 hectares) • district parks (20 hectares) • local parks (up to 2 hectares) • linear open space (variable)

Access / Location

• Place public spaces within three-to-five-minute walk (i.e. 250-400m) of the majority of homes • Provide elderly- and disabled-friendly entrances, severance and gradients • Use deciduous trees to provide shade in summer and allow for sunlight in winter

Microclimate / Shade

• Avoid excessive overshadowing of buildings • Provide shelter from uncomfortable cold draughts

Table 1: A Brief Summary of Public Spaces Related Design Guidelines in HKPSG (Source: Planning Department 2015)

Ecology

• Preserve areas identified with higher ecological importance

Table 4: A Brief Summary of Public Spaces Related Design Guidelines in Active Design Guidelines (Source: City of New York 2010)

Factors Size / Configuration Access / Location

Public Seating / Amenities

Extracted Descriptions • Aggregate open spaces in one large area instead of dispersing into smaller pieces • Provide safe and visible bicycle and pedestrian routes to allow ten-minute walk accessibility • Locate public spaces near buildings or existing recreational facilities to encourage development of new facilities

• Provide exercise facilities or walking paths in public spaces nearby the offices and commercial spaces • Design open spaces to complement the local cultural preferences and to accommodate different age groups

Table 5: A Brief Summary of Public Spaces Related Design Guidelines in Design Guidelines and Good Practice Guide for POPS (Source: Urban Redevelopment Authority 2017)

Factors Size / Configuration Access / Location

Extracted Descriptions • Provide large and regular in shape public space to serve as a meaningful space (i.e. ≥ 1m2 public space for every 50m2 of total development GFA)

• Allow open and unobstructed frontage, access and circulation for easy accessibility and high visibility

• Provide a variety of seating with a minimum requirement of 1 seat per 20m2 to cater for the

Public Seating / Amenities

needs of users with different age groups and physical abilities

• Include other amenities to encourage the public use of space (e.g. public art, water features, urban furniture, services, etc.)

Microclimate / Shade Signage

• Provide artificial (with materials not result in additional heat retention) and/or natural shading (i.e. ≥ 50% of total public space and public space seating should be shaded)

• Install durable information plaque on which the text should be highly contrasting with the background colour at a visible location

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

93

4 Promoting Sustainable Lifestyle — Revitalisation of the Old Tai Po Police Station into the Green Hub for Sustainable Living 促進社區實踐永續生活 活化舊大埔警署成永續生活新基地

Idy Wong Lai-yin

Head of Sustainable Living and Agriculture Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden (KFBG)

王麗賢

嘉道理農場暨植物園 永續生活及農業部主管 94

Promoting Sustainable Lifestyle — Revitalisation of the Old Tai Po Police Station into the Green Hub for Sustainable Living 促進社區實踐永續生活 活化舊大埔警署成永續生活新基地

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

95

A Hub for Sustainable Living

匯聚綠色生活

The Green Hub has been open since 3 August

綠匯學苑自 2015 年 8 月 3 日起對外開放，這

2015 and by 31 July 2017 nearly 116,000 people

had visited the heritage site — the figure is double

個 歷 史 建 築 至 2017 年 7 月 31 日 已 吸 引 了 近

the original target. A wide range of programmes

116,000 人次參觀，足足是原來目標的兩倍。

a re o rg a n i s e d t o i n s p i re v i s i t o r s t o ex p l o re sustainability issues in an urban context. These

綠匯學苑舉辦過各式各樣的活動，令訪客可在 繁囂的都市中探索永續發展的課題，也讓大家

include demonstrating and teaching alternatives that are affordable, less stressful, more fulfilling, and that bring greater happiness than the consumption-

在崇尚消費的主流以外，學習更輕鬆、寫意、 充實又所費無幾的幸福生活選擇。

focused life.

96

Promoting Sustainable Lifestyle — Revitalisation of the Old Tai Po Police Station into the Green Hub for Sustainable Living 促進社區實踐永續生活 活化舊大埔警署成永續生活新基地

永續發展區域平台

Regional Platform for Sustainable Development The Green Hub has been enhancing the sustainable

living movement at the local level, and is also playing a role in creating a new dimension and depth for

sustainable development. Well-known international scholars, such as Satish Kumar, the co-founder of the

Schumacher College in UK and Helena Norberg-

Hodge, the founder and director of the Local Futures, were invited to lead Transformative Educational

綠匯學苑不單在本地層面推動綠色生活，同時

在區域層面中為永續發展帶出更闊更深的新角 度。多位國際知名學者，包括英國舒馬克學院

（Schumacher College）的聯合創辦人薩提斯 • 庫 瑪（Satish Kumar）、Local Futures 創辦人兼董

事海倫娜諾伯格 – 霍奇（Helena Norberg-Hodge）

等曾應綠匯學苑之邀主持啓迪教育課程，令參

sustainability from a global perspective. Frequent

加者可運用環球視野探視永續發展。另外，綠

raising and practical re-skilling for sustainability are

發展認識及技藝的日間課程及工作坊，例如永

Courses to facilitate participants to explore

day-courses and workshops featuring awareness-

匯學苑亦經常為本地市民及學生舉辦提升永續

run for the local public and students. Permaculture

續栽培設計證書課程、有機耕作、健康烹飪、

Design Certificate courses, organic farming, healthy

cookery methods, physio-yoga, meditative natural art are also organised to strengthen participants’ skills

物理治療瑜伽、冥想及自然藝術等，提升參加 者的技巧和面對轉變的內在應變能力。

and inner resilience to change.

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HK Girl Guide Association at the Zero Carbon Pioneer Training at the Green Hub 香港女童軍總會參與綠匯學院的減碳先鋒培訓。

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Visitors enjoy low-carbon Sundays at the Green Hub.

於綠匯學院舉行的週日互助市集，參加者樂在其中。

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慧食堂：推廣具永續性的飲食文化

Eat Well Canteen: Promoting a Sustainable Food Culture The Green Hub is also a pioneer of the Sustainable

綠匯學苑在推廣永續飲食文化上走在最前，透

Green Hub delivers social benefits as a food co-

過慧食堂以協作模式帶來社會效益，使健康飲

that benefits personal, social, economic and

匯學苑恆常舉辦的慧食工作坊、慧食烹飪班，

Food Culture. Through the Eat Well Canteen, the

operative approach to promote a healthy diet

食可以惠及個人、社會、經濟及環境健康。綠

environmental health. The educational workshops,

以及慧食堂本身所推廣的永續飲食文化，正正

regular cooking classes and the canteen promote

a sustainable food culture that responds to the call

可 回 應 21 世 紀 所 面 臨 的 環 境 和 社 會 危 機。 慧 食 堂 以 社 企 形 式 提 供 餐 飲 服 務， 並 以 創 新 的

Century. It also pioneers new ways of providing

「慧食大使」計劃，為當區居民提供短期在職

short-term on-the-job training to local citizens

營運模式。

of the environmental and social crisis of the 21st catering services as a social enterprise. By offering through the Eat Well Ambassador Scheme, the

培訓，藉此提升社區能力，推廣慧食堂的社企

Green Hub builds community capacity to multiply its social enterprise model wider.

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At the three-hour Eat Well Workshop, students explore the food system by taking food from field to table, eating mindfully and managing food waste. 於三小時的慧食工作坊，學生透過經歷從田野到餐桌的過程、學習正念飲食和處理廚餘的體驗，探索食物系統。

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Farming workshops enable people to understand how vulnerable the city is and start growing some of their own food. 農耕工作坊讓大眾了解到城市的食物供應鏈很脆弱，並開始耕種自己的食物。

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Cultivating Community Resilience

強化社區應變能力

The Green Hub also serves as a hub to cultivate

綠匯學苑也肩負強化社區應變能力的使命，藉

Sunday Co-op Market serve as platforms to

互助店及週日互助市集建立平台，結合本地農

consumers, and promote small-scale localised

進經濟資源在社區內循環不息。綠匯學苑積極

c o m m u n i t y re s i l i e n c e . Th e Co - o p S h o p a n d bridge collaboration between local producers and

夫和消費者推動社區為本的經濟活動，從而促

economic activities that help circulate social

尋找並歡迎與各界的協作機會，例如香港建築

and economic resources within the community.

The Green Hub actively seeks, and welcomes

中心、街頭音樂系列、自然協會及本地藝術家

等，希望令公眾可以在不同角度和環境下享受

Hong Kong Architecture Centre, the Street Music

永續生活。綠匯學苑亦定期舉辦以物易物，令

encourage the public to explore and enjoy the joy

區網絡。

collaboration with different sectors such as the Series, Gaia Association, local artists and others to

of sustainable living. The Community Barter Party

居民從互相分享構建豐盛的同時，更可鞏固社

is organised regularly to facilitate the community

to share abundance and enhance bonding and networking.

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Community Currency: Bonding a Community Active community engagement is another key

社區貨幣：本土經濟另一出路 為擴大公眾教育機會而不加重營運負擔，綠匯

educational opportunities and keep operational

學苑的主要策略是積極爭取社區參與。綠匯學

of local volunteers in the daily operation and the

而令他們更具凝聚力的並非金錢回報，而是社

strategy that the Green Hub adopts to maximise costs low. The Green Hub engages a strong team

苑讓一群盡心盡力的區內義工參與日常營運，

team spirit has been strengthened by a "Community

區貨幣計劃。義工服務後可獲社區貨幣，而社

Currency Scheme" — rather than money, volunteers’

service is rewarded with community currency units, which they can spend on having meals at the Eat Well Canteen, taking courses, or making purchases

from the Green Hub Co-op Shop and from other

區貨幣適用於慧食堂用餐、報讀課程，或於綠

匯學苑的互助店及週日互助市集購物。相比於 流通貨幣，社區貨幣可培養社區的應變能力， 深化居民與社區之間的連繫。

local suppliers at the Sunday Co-op Market. The community currency contributes far more in

cultivating community resilience than official money, and tightens the bond between people and their community.

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Sustainable Design – Be a Good Neighbour Apart from the high historic and architectural values

永續設計：做個好鄰居 舊大埔警署建築群除了在歷史和建築設計上別

recognises the conservation importance of the two

具價值外，嘉道理農場暨植物園亦深明建築群

site, and the neighbouring Tai Po Market Egretry.

墟鷺鳥林生態保育的重要性，因此專業團隊細

of the Old Tai Po Police Station buildings, KFBG Old and Valuable Trees, the other mature trees on

內兩棵古樹名木及其他樹木，以及附近的大埔

The presence of these valuable features required

心策劃設計方案及施工規劃，務求令活化後的

careful design and work planning to assure their coexistence and sustainability. The Green Hub project

adopts an integrated approach to conserve these valuable characteristics to make the Green Hub a

learning place for promoting public appreciation

歷史建築與大自然融合共存。綠匯學苑項目採 納綜合策略保育這些珍貴特色，使之成為推動 大眾學習欣賞、支持香港文物保育及低碳生活 的地方，當中主要的保育工作包括：

of, and support for, heritage conservation and low

carbon living in Hong Kong. Major conservation interventions have included:

Integrating the Historic Buildings with Nature 促進歷史建築與自然融合

The conservation needs of the site are now fused with the architectural character of the heritage buildings. Conservation awareness and action encompass the mature trees on the site and the birds of the Tai Po Market Egretry.

復修歷史建築群時，既著重建築特色的保育所 需，同時顧及原址的樹木及大埔墟鷺鳥林的生 態保育。

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Adding Value to the Heritage Site 為文物古蹟增值

KFBG has restored the "green" architectural features and the original functions of different parts of the buildings. They have brought the garden back to

life to honour the heritage landscape and created a green space for people and wildlife, as well as

adopting permaculture principles in running the Green Hub. KFBG believes sustainability has to start

at home and makes sure that the site is operated in line with environmental best practices.

恢復建築原有的綠色建築設計，並活化建築群 中不同部分的原有用途，從而令庭院重現，為 人與野生動物帶來棲息及休憩空間，並將「永

續栽培」設計原則融入綠匯學苑。嘉道理農場 暨植物園相信永續生活始於足下，因此綠匯學 苑亦應以順應自然的方式管理。

Enabling the building's role to evolve 促進建築物的角色演變 KFBG has transformed this vacant site of former colonial authority into an organically-evolving

hub that demonstrates affordable strategies for sustainable living, and facilitates community collaboration to explore sustainable alternatives.

把象徵昔日殖民地政府權力的空置建築群，轉 化成一個可自然演化的基地，一邊向大眾展示 如何所費無幾享受永續生活，一邊促進社區互 助，共同尋求更多永續生活新方式。

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Modelling Good Practices

做好自己 樹立榜樣

KFBG believes that environmental sustainability

嘉道理農場暨植物園深信永續環境與穩健營運

is as important as financial viability. A team of

同樣重要，因此建立專業團隊，確保綠匯學苑

Hub walks the talk as a showcase of sustainable

可成永續營運的示範之作。其中，綠匯學苑會

mitigation measures have been introduced to ensure

其後發展與大埔墟鷺鳥林的野生雀鳥可和諧

professionals has been engaged to ensure the Green operation. For example, ecological surveys and the Green Hub co-exists in harmony with the wild

birds of the Tai Po Market Egretry. The increase in

以生態調查及多項緩解措施，確保項目工程及 共 存， 而 鷺 鳥 巢 數 目 由 2012 年 的 34 個 增 至

2016 年的 151 個，正反映種種保育行動的成

2016 has reflected the success of these conservation

果。

the trees and gardens at the Old Tai Po Police Station

綠匯學苑亦已成功將舊大埔警署內的樹木及庭

the number of egret nests from 34 in 2012 to 151 in

efforts. The Green Hub project has already brought back to a healthy condition and facilitates them to provide a stronger ecological function.

The Green Hub is also running an active resource

management programme: 100% of horticultural and

院回復生機，促使它們發揮更大的生態功能。 另外，綠匯學苑亦積極實行資源管理，園林廢

物及廚餘均全部回收在地轉化成堆肥及重用， 實踐並示範永續生活最佳做法。

food waste is recovered by composting and reused

on site. The effort creates live-demonstrations for promoting sustainable best practices.

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Volunteers harvested unwanted reeds at WWF’s Mai Po wetland site. These were made into a fence to shield the egrets from the activities of the people at the Green Hub.

義工從世界自然基金會管理的米埔濕地收割過剩的蘆葦， 帶返綠匯學苑製成屏欄，令鷺鳥不為人類活動所影響。 6

The Kitchen Garden is multifunctional — it is a food garden, a sink for food-waste compost, an outdoor teaching resource of the Eat Well Workshop, as well as a habitat for the wildlife. 慧 食 堂 的 小 農 地 兼 備 生 產 食 物、 循 環 廚 餘、 戶 外 教 室 及 為野生生物提供棲地的多項功能。

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Awards & Recognitions

獎項與嘉許

Recognition of Cultural Heritage Conservation

聯合國教科文組織亞太區文化遺產保護獎

The Green Hub was recognised with an Honourable

綠 匯 學 苑 於 2016 年 榮 獲「 聯 合 國 教 科 文 組 織

Efforts by UNESCO

Mention in the 2016 UNESCO Asia-Pacific Awards for

亞太區文化遺產保護獎」榮譽獎，更是該年度

was the only heritage project from Hong Kong to

本港唯一獲獎文物保育項目。獎項評審委員會

Heritage Awards commended the achievement of

成充滿活力及讓公眾學習可持續發展的中心。

Cultural Heritage Conservation and the Green Hub receive the award in 2016. The Jury of the UNESCO

the Green Hub project and noted, "the transformation of the Old Tai Po Police Station from a deserted relic into a vibrant venue for learning about sustainable development. It is notable for revealing layers of

cultural history embedded in its buildings while

讚揚綠匯學苑項目把「荒廢的舊大埔警署活化 項目在保留原址獨特生態系統的同時，亦彰顯 了建築物所承載不同階段的文化歷史，新用途

為這幢新界歷史最悠久的殖民地建築物注入新 生命，為高度城市化的香港帶來一片綠洲。」

maintaining the site’s distinctive ecosystem. Instilling

new life into the oldest colonial property in the New Territories, the centre provides an oasis in the midst of Hong Kong’s highly urbanised environment."

Other Achievements 其他榮譽 The Green Hub also:

綠匯學院所獲的其他榮譽包括：

1 Wo n t h e G ra n d Aw a rd ( E x i s t i n g

Buildings Category: Completed Projects - Institutional Building) and Special

2 Won the Merit Award of the Hong Kong

Institute of Landscape Architects’ Design Award 2016

Network under the Green Building

「 香 港 園 境 師 學 會 設 計 大 獎 2016」 優

Hong Kong Green Building Council and

3 Enrolled to the finalist in the Structural

Citation in Eco-service Infrastructure Award 2016 jointly organised by the

the Professional Green Building Council 由香港綠色建築議會及與環保建築專業 議會合辦的「環保建築大獎 2016」大獎

（ 既 有 建 築 類 別： 已 落 成 項 目 ― 公 用 建

異獎

Excellence Award 2016 – Hong Kong Project.

獲選入圍「2016 年建築結構獎」

築）及生態環境服務建設網絡特別嘉許

The Green Hub's Eat Well Canteen was rated as:

綠匯學院的慧食堂亦取得評級包括：

4 Gold Award (Restaurants) of the Hong Kong Awards for Environmental Excellence 2017

「香港環境卓越大獎 2017」金獎（餐飲業） 5 Gold Class (the highest) in the

Environmental Bureau’s Food Wise Eateries Scheme in 2015

6 Diamond Class (the highest) of

WasteNever Award organised by the HK Women Professionals and Entrepreneurs Association in 2016 and 2017.

自 2016 年 獲 香 港 女 工 商 及 專 業 人 員 聯 會「 傳 承 惜 食 」 計 劃 評 級 為 鑽 石 級（ 最 高級別）

自 2015 年獲環境保護署「咪嘥嘢食店」 計劃評級為金級（最高級別）

These recognitions have been playing important

roles to promote the sustainable mission of the Green Hub project wider and louder.

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以上各項嘉許，均對綠匯學院宣揚永續發展的 使命十分重要。

Promoting Sustainable Lifestyle — Revitalisation of the Old Tai Po Police Station into the Green Hub for Sustainable Living 促進社區實踐永續生活 活化舊大埔警署成永續生活新基地

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Background of the Project

項目背景

The Old Tai Po Police Station is a Grade 1 historic

舊大埔警署於 1899 年落成，現為一級歷史建

building, built in 1899. Under Batch II of the

築。嘉道理農場暨植物園獲香港特別行政區發

Scheme", the Development Bureau of the

展區選定為合作伙伴，藉第二期「活化歷史建

to transform the heritage site into a "Green Hub for

苑以推廣永續生活，並由 2015 年 8 月起開放

"Revitalising Historic Buildings Through Partnership Government of the HKSAR collaborates with KFBG

築伙伴計劃」，將該歷史建築群活化成綠匯學

Sustainable Living". The Green Hub began serving

為社區服務。

Visit to Green Hub:

參觀綠匯學苑

News and events of Green Hub:

綠匯學苑新聞及活動

the community in August 2015.

11 Wan Tau Kok Lane, New Territories, Hong Kong

http://www.greenhub.hk/eng

香港新界大埔運頭角里 11 號 http://www.greenhub.hk/chi

About KFBG

關於嘉道理農場暨植物園

Established in 1956 as a base for the Kadoorie

嘉道理農場暨植物園坐落於大埔林村附近，是

Agricultural Aid Association (K.A.A.A.), the Kadoorie

香 港 雋 藏 的 瑰 寶 之 一。 始 建 於 1956 年， 最 初

Tsuen, Tai Po, is one of Hong Kong's little known

用 作 嘉 道 理 農 業 輔 助 會 的 基 地。 園 內 建 有 九

around organic farming terraces, theme gardens

圃、 主 題 花 園 和 本 土 樹 林， 就 可 以 登 上 海 拔

Farm and Botanic Garden (KFBG) site near Lam

jewels. Nine kilometres of road wind their way up

and native forest to the summit of the mountain, Kwun Yum Shan, at over 1,800 feet above sea level.

A wide variety of educational displays, sustainability features and wildlife rescue facilities complement

the extensively landscaped gardens with their

cobbled paths, pavilions, bridges, waterfalls and picnic spots.

KFBG's three core programmes — Nature Conservation,

公里的道路，繞着山巒蜿蜒而上，經過有機農

1,800 多呎的觀音山頂。這裡除了美不勝收的 園林景致，也有各式各樣的教育展覽、永續特 色及野生物種拯救設施，林間還有小石徑、亭 台樓閣、雅緻小橋、清溪瀑布和風景怡人的野 餐地點。

嘉道理農場暨植物園共有三大核心計劃：自然 保育、多元整全教育及永續生活。為迎接各方

constantly evolving as they address different aspects

面的挑戰，這些計劃不斷在改進和演變。除了

addition to the many on-site courses, workshops

此促進人類與大自然和諧共存，嘉道理農場暨

Holistic Education and Sustainable Living — are of the challenge to live in harmony with nature. In

在園內舉辦許多課程、工作坊及活動，希望藉

and special events that have been developed for the

植物園更致力推行外展活動，足跡遍及香港、

education and upliftment of visitors, KFBG's activities extend throughout Hong Kong and into South China and other parts of the region.

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華南及亞洲其他地區。

Image Source: Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden (KFBG)

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5 A Call for an Ecological Approach to Landscape Design in Hong Kong 從生態角度探討香港的園境設計

Alexander (Sandy) M Duggie, FHKILA

Managing Director, Urbis Limited Member of Roll-out Taskforce for BEAM Plus Neighbourhood

杜琦森 , FHKILA

雅邦規劃設計有限公司董事長 綠建環評社區專責小組委員 110

A Call for an Ecological Approach to Landscape Design in Hong Kong 從生態角度探討香港的園境設計

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111

Introduction

簡介

Landscape design, management and maintenance

一直以來，香港的園境從設計、管理到保養都

in Hong Kong is dominated by what I would call

以「觀賞性園藝」作大前提，一切都以外觀為

that places primacy on visual appearance at the

先，除了成本及經常性開支外，其他方面絕非

(both capital and recurring). Furthermore the visual

色 更 為 關 鍵 的 客 戶， 他 們 所 要 求 的 外 觀 和 美

an "ornamental-horticultural" driven approach expense of all other considerations apart from cost

aesthetic being pursued by the landscape designer and (more critically) client in Hong Kong is most

often a highly manicured "artificial" one in which

主要考慮。更甚的是，香港的園境師，以至角 感，往往只追求高度「人工化」的修飾，令植

物都被修剪及整理得有如人工雕塑及幾何圖 案。歸根究底，這是由於世界各地的傳統，將

man-made individual topiary shapes and geometric

花園的發展歷史視為「馴服野性」的結果，以

in the historic development of the garden as a

制，隨意率性的自然世界更為賞心悅目。

plants are clipped and/or organised into obviously layout patterns. This is part of a world-wide tradition "gesture against the wild" in which humans find

pleasure and comfort in bringing a sense of visual

order and structure to the seemingly random and uncontrolled natural world.

Yet I believe strongly that we need to move towards a more balanced approach to the design of man-

made landscape in Hong Kong that looks beyond purely visual appearance and places much greater emphasis on sustainability and ecological sensitivity.

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A Call for an Ecological Approach to Landscape Design in Hong Kong 從生態角度探討香港的園境設計

致人們認為視覺上整齊有致的花園比不受控 然而，我深信我們有必要在設計本港的人工園

境 時 採 取 一 套 更 平 衡 的 方 式， 不 應 只 着 重 外 觀，同時亦應更重視可持續性及生態敏感度。

Why Adopt an Ecological Approach to Landscape Design and Management?

At a fundamental level there are two main reasons

to adopt an ecological and sustainable approach to landscape design and management:

t o p re s e r v e , u s e a n d m a n a g e l a n d s c a p e

resources for the benefit of present and future generations; and

to preserve and promote biodiversity which is essential for the health of the planet.

為何設計及管理園境時要著重生態影響

基本而言，採納一套着重生態和可持續性的園 境設計及管理方式有兩大原因：

為 這 一 代 及 下 一 代 的 福 祉， 去 保 護、 善 用 和管理園境資源；以及

保 護 及 促 進 生 物 多 樣 性， 這 對 於 地 球 的 健 康至關重要。

We live in an era of rapid urbanisation. 70% of the

現今世代都市化急促擴張，至 2050 年全球七

2050. The resultant pressure on natural landscapes

成人口預計會居於都市。現時已有不少數據反

and a source of much concern. However, there are

映，都市化對全球自然景觀及生物多樣性所構 成的壓力，情況令人憂慮。另一方面，都市化

world’s population is expected to live in cities by and biodiversity across the world is well documented

also negative impacts on humans as a result of this urbanisation process that has distanced our daily activities from the rhythms and processes of nature.

進程亦令人類的日常活動與大自然的節奏及過 程越見疏離，對人類造成負面影響。

Image Source: Hong Kong Green Building Council

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

113

「親生命假說」及「生命親和」設計

The ‘Biophilia’ Hypothesis and Biophilic Design "Biophilia" means "love of life or living systems". The biophilia hypothesis suggests that humans possess

「 親 生 命 性 」 即「 喜 愛 生 命 及 生 命 系 統 」，

而「親生命假說」就是指人類都有種親近大自

Edward O. Wilson expressed the hypothesis in his

然的本性。愛德華．威爾遜在其著作《親生命

as "the urge to affiliate with other forms of life".

其他生命連繫的慾望」。

There is an increasingly large body of scientific

越來越多的科學證據顯示，人類貼近大自然對

an innate tendency to seek connections with nature.

1

book, Biophilia (1984) in which he defines biophilia

evidence citing the many and varied physical and

性 》 （1984） 中 就 提 到「 親 生 命 性 」 是「 與 1

身心健康有着各種各樣的好處。不過，都市化

close connection with nature, yet the urbanisation

進程卻令城市居民與大自然越見疏離。

becoming increasingly disconnected from the

本質上，城市是龐大人口所衍生出最可持續的

mental health benefits to humans of maintaining

process has meant that city populations are natural world.

發展模式，既可令資源得以有效善用，使人均

碳 足 印 減 至 最 少， 同 時 令 我 們 的 生 活 水 平 提

of development for large populations, enabling

高。不過，在人煙稠密的都市中生活亦會令我

the smallest carbon footprint per capita whilst

年 輕 人 影 響 猶 甚。 理 查． 洛 夫 在 其 暢 銷 著 作

Cities are intrinsically the most sustainable form the most efficient use of resources and potentially

們脫離自然和當中的自然節奏及過程，這對於

also raising living standards. Yet dense city living

《失去山林的孩子》 （2008）中創出的「大

can cause a "disconnect" from nature and natural

rhythms and processes, especially for the young.

In his best-selling book Last Child in the Woods

2

(2008) Richard Louv coined the term "nature deficit disorder" to describe a common malady of city

dwelling kids who spend too much time indoors,

２

自然缺失症」一詞，就是描述居住在城市的孩 童的常見通病，他們終日足不出戶、只顧看電 視玩電腦、太少接觸和自由探索大自然，而父 母亦傾向過於保護子女。

in front of the TV, or on the computer, and have too

我們應該重建城市人與大自然間的聯繫，而在

nature and over-protective parents.

可令都市的居民再次親近大自然。

little access to nature, too little freedom to explore

We need to restore the city dweller’s connection with nature and "Biophilic Design" is city planning and design that enables and facilitates the urban population to (re)connect with nature.

114

A Call for an Ecological Approach to Landscape Design in Hong Kong 從生態角度探討香港的園境設計

城市規劃和設計中套用「生命親和」設計正正

In Hong Kong, we are blessed with close juxtaposition of dense urban areas and relatively

香港得天獨厚，人煙稠密的市區與野外山水風光 僅僅咫尺之遙（見圖

1

），彈丸之地卻蘊藏多

contain remarkably high biodiversity for such a

姿多彩的生態，多得香港的山勢令發展集中於低

due to the mountainous nature of Hong Kong which

然，這亦歸功於前人的睿智和遠見，訂定法定及

"wild" natural landscapes (see Figure

1

) that

relatively small geographical area. This is principally

has largely restricted development to low-lying areas with shallow slopes, so leaving the large intervening

areas of steep terrain largely undeveloped, however

地及淺坡，留下大片陡峭地勢未被用作發展。當 非法定的景觀保護地區（見圖 策的官員確要緊記。

2

），現今負責決

it is also due to the wisdom and foresight of men and women of the previous generation who put in place a high level of statutory and non-statutory landscape protection (see Figure

2

), something that current

decision makers would do well to remember.

1

Satellite view of Hong Kong showing the large proportion of undeveloped green areas and the high degree of interstition between developed and undeveloped areas. 香港的衛星影像顯示大部分土地為仍未發展的綠化地帶，而已發展區與未發展區間有大片分隔。

1 Image Source: Google Earth

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

115

At a macro level, the sustainability of Hong Kong’s

宏觀而言，要香港整體自然景觀和生態得以永

dependent on continuing to limit development

續，實在有賴於在顧及現實的情況下，盡量限制

leave large areas of natural landscape and high

價值的自然景觀不受滋擾，同時，方便市民在自

natural landscape and ecology as a whole is largely

within as small an area as practical in order to

發展面積，以保留大片高生物多樣性及高生態

b iodive r s it y a n d ec ol og i c al v al u e rel ati v el y

然環境進行舒展身心的活動，與大自然重新建立

untouched, yet accessible to the public for passive

recreation and reconnection with nature to promote

聯繫，以促進大眾的身心健康。我們的郊野公園 正可為大眾提供一個快捷方便的方法逃離都市煩

Country Parks to offer a quick and convenient

囂，在本港日後面對大灣區及廣東一帶急促都市

an asset that will become increasingly important and

可為本港帶來極大優勢。

general health and wellbeing. The ability of our

getaway from the pressures of dense urban living is

provide a significant advantage to Hong Kong in the face of the fast pace of urbanisation in the Greater Bay Area and Guangdong Province.

化的步伐時，這個自然資產會變得更為珍貴，亦 然而，單單保護現有資源並不足夠。我們應以更 關顧生態環境的方式去設計已發展的地區，以建

Yet protecting our existing resources is not enough

立一個可持續及宜居之城，令大家既可享受優質

a more ecologically sensitive manner in order to

的節奏保持連繫，而考慮生態元素的園境設計正

— we also have to design the developed areas in

生活，亦可為整個城市減少碳足印，並與大自然

create a sustainable and liveable city in which we

合所需。

can all enjoy a high quality of life yet also reduce

our collective carbon footprint and maintain our

connection with the rhythms of the natural world.

Adopting an ecological approach to landscape design can facilitate this process.

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A Call for an Ecological Approach to Landscape Design in Hong Kong 從生態角度探討香港的園境設計

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

117

2

香港境內法定及非法定的景觀保護地區。

Statutory and non-statutory landscape protection in Hong Kong

2

How to Adopt an Ecological Approach to Landscape Planning, Design and Management? 如何在園境規劃、設計及管理上顧及生態

The ecological planning, design and management approach may be considered as a 5-step process:

以生態角度進行園境規劃、設計及管理大致可分為以下五大步：

1

AVOID 避免

2

MINIMISE

Plan the development to avoid impacts on existing areas of medium to high ecological and landscape value.

規劃發展項目時避免影響現存擁有中度至高度生態及景觀價值的範圍。

Where impacts are unavoidable, minimise these as far as practical.

如無法避免產生影響，則盡力將之減少。

減少

3

MITIGATE

Design landscape measures that compensate for the loss of any existing resource.

在景觀中設計適當措施，補償對現有資源中的損失。

緩減

4

CREATE 締造

5

MANAGE 管理

118

In addition to compensating for any losses, design landscape measures that create positive enhancements and improvements to the local ecology.

在補償損失外，亦應在景觀中設計適當措施，令當地生態得以改善。

Adopt management and maintenance strategies that avoid excessive use of inorganic fertilisers/pesticides and promote wildlife habitat.

制訂管理及保養策略，避免過量使用非有機肥料 / 殺蟲劑，促進野生動物 棲息環境。

A Call for an Ecological Approach to Landscape Design in Hong Kong 從生態角度探討香港的園境設計

To implement steps 3 (Mitigate) and 4 (Create) there are several planning and design strategies that may be adopted by the designer to a greater or lesser degree according to the scale and context of the project to promote an ecological approach to landscape design, as listed below.

要落實第 3 步（緩減）及第 4 步（締造），園境師可運用以下幾種規劃和設計的策略，並可按項

目的規模及環境選擇應用的程度，從而以顧及生態的方式設計園境。

Adopt the "Right Plant, Right Place" strategy. Simply

Avoid invasive plants. Much damage may be caused

landscape design function and their intended

countryside and displace native species.

put, this approach matches plants to their intended environment and microclimate to help ensure the plants will serve the intended purpose, be healthy, grow well and need minimum care in the long term.

to local ecosystems if exotic species escape into the

避 免 栽 種 入 侵 性 植 物， 因 外 來 物 種 如 進 入 本 地 郊 野 會驅逐原生物種，嚴重損害本地生態系統。

採 用「 合 適 植 物、 合 適 地 點 」 的 策 略， 即 將 植 物 用

於 配 合 園 境 設 計 時 所 構 思 的 功 能、 環 境 及 微 氣 候， 以 確 保 植 物 用 得 其 所、 健 康 生 長， 長 遠 而 言 亦 不 需 多加護理。

Promote native plants that enhance biodiversity &

Choose plants that promote wildlife biodiversity and design for wildlife.

選 擇 可 促 進 野 生 生 物 多 樣 性 的 植 物， 設 計 時 亦 考 慮 到野生生物的生長環境。

complement adjacent natural landscapes.

推 動 栽 種 本 地 原 生 植 物， 以 提 高 生 物 多 樣 性， 並 與 毗鄰自然環境互補。

Promote connectivity between existing and proposed

plant communities. As predicted by the Island

Biogeography Theory, apart from plant species, the major factors affecting the colonisation of urban

Incorporate water bodies and associated planting.

Water is a natural attractor to wildlife.

野生生物天生親水，因此可加入水景和相關的植物。

landscapes by wild biodiversity are:

the size of the landscape planting i.e. the bigger the better; and

the degree of isolation from natural vegetation i.e. the closer and greater connection the better.

Promote viable plant communities & resilient ecosystems.

促 進 現 存 植 物 與 計 劃 栽 種 植 物 群 落 的 連 繫。 根 據 島

栽種「粗生」的植物群落，建立適應力強的生態系統。

中野生生物多樣性的主要原因包括：

嶼 生 物 地 理 學 理 論， 除 植 物 物 種 外， 影 響 都 市 園 林 園境的面積，即越大越好；以及

Leave some areas devoid of human activity to allow natural processes to take over.

保 留 部 分 位 置 範 圍 禁 止 人 類 活 動， 以 容 許 自 然 過 程

與 自 然 植 被 的 分 隔 程 度， 以 較 貼 近 和 聯 繫 較 好 為佳。

作主導。

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

119

The multi award winning Hong Kong Wetland Park

於 2006 年開幕的香港濕地公園（圖

3

至

6

）

Services Department and Urbis Limited and opened

由建築署及雅邦規劃設計有限公司（雅邦）聯

and is a highly successful example of ecological

施，是個十分成功的生態園境示範之作，寓消

(Figures

3

to

6

), designed jointly by Architectural

in 2006, incorporates all of these design measures

手 設 計， 屢 獲 殊 榮。 公 園 運 用 了 上 述 設 計 措

landscape design that delivers recreational and

閒於教育，廣受公眾歡迎，但這個項目的成功

education benefits and has proven hugely popular with the public. How can this success be replicated

如何可複製至本港其他較小型的項目？

on smaller projects elsewhere in Hong Kong?

3

The Hong Kong Wetland Park incorporates all the ecological landscape design principles described in this chapter

5

Bird hides, Hong Kong Wetland Park

The upland stream, Hong Kong Wetland Park

6

The lowland stream, Hong Kong Wetland Park

香港濕地公園涵蓋本章提及的各項生態園境設計原則 4

香港濕地公園上游

香港濕地公園觀鳥屋

香港濕地公園低地溪流

3 Image Source: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department

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A Call for an Ecological Approach to Landscape Design in Hong Kong 從生態角度探討香港的園境設計

4

5

6

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

121

Factors Hindering the Implementation of the Ecological Design Approach in Hong Kong Perhaps the biggest problem facing landscape

本港難以推行生態設計模式的原因

或許園境師要在市區的設計中推行顧及生態的

approach to their designs in the urban area is

方法，所面對的最大難題是在於公眾對都市園

landscape should look like. As mentioned above,

計以「觀賞性園藝」為主，一切都以外觀為先，

architects seeking to implement an ecological the common public perception of what urban landscape design in Hong Kong is dominated by

an "ornamental-horticultural" driven approach

that places primacy on visual appearance at the

境根深蒂固的看法。一如前述，香港的園境設

而絕少考慮其他因素。此一看法或許源自前文 所提及關於現代香港社會與大自然的疏離所 致，當然，這種想法自然亦會深深影響銷售物

be seen partly as a result of the aforementioned

業予公眾的發展商。長遠而言，唯一的解決辦

society. This perception naturally has great

生態過程共存的重要性，而非對其摒棄。政府

expense of other considerations. This attitude may "disconnect" with nature in modern Hong Kong

influence on developers in the private sector who are developing projects to sell to the public. The only way to overcome this in the long term is to change this public perception through education

and by bringing the public’s attention to the

importance of working with, rather than against, ecological processes.

The Government’s recently

introduced Hong Kong Biodiversity Strategy and 3

Action Plan (HKBSAP) identifies four Action Areas, namely Conservation, Mainstreaming, Knowledge

and Community, and lists public awareness and education as key areas requiring attention.

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A Call for an Ecological Approach to Landscape Design in Hong Kong 從生態角度探討香港的園境設計

法只有以教育改變公眾看法，令公眾意識到與 最近推出的《生物多樣性策略及行動計劃》 載 3

列了四大行動範疇，分別為「保育」、「主流 化」、「知識」及「社會參與」，亦將公眾教 育及宣傳列為重點。

Another major hurdle facing landscape architects

園境師面對的另一難題是市面上缺乏本地原生

species. Commercial nurseries stock plants they

植 物 物 種 的 供 應。 私 營 苗 圃 會 按 市 場 需 求 存

has been dominated by exotic species. Increasing

靠市場力量去增加原生植物的數量及種類，需

is the lack of commercially available native plant know the market demands and traditionally this

貨，而長久以來外來物種都是市場寵兒。如單

the quantity and variety of native plants that are

時頗長，這是由於供應商可輕易將園境師所要

commercially available will be a slow process if

left solely to market forces, since it remains easy

求的原生植物以外來植物代替。因此，我認為

政府必要推出計劃鼓勵發展原生植物庫存，從

species originally specified by the designer.

而令增加原生植物的數量及種類的時間縮短。

up this process by initiating a programme to

行動計劃》的目標之一，政府建立原生植物苗

for suppliers to substitute exotic species for native Therefore I believe that Government should speed

事實上，種植原生植物是《生物多樣性策略及

encourage development of native nursery stock.

圃將可大力推動於公營項目達成目標。

Planting native species is a goal of HKBSAP and

creating Government nurseries for native species can greatly help achieve this for Government projects.

Image Source: Hong Kong Green Building Council

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123

Another challenge facing the designer is the

另一個園境師所面對的挑戰，是一般園境項目

project, and the intense competition for space in

相對而言規模較小，但香港市區寸金尺土，園

promote biodiversity in a small to medium site?

性？在數百種植物中各選其一通常都不是最好

relatively small scale of the average landscape

urban Hong Kong. How does a landscape designer

境師如何在中小規模的地盤上促進生物多樣

Planting one specimen each of hundreds of different

的做法，因此我們最好先了解生物學家如何量

species is usually not the best answer and in seeking

a solution we need to consider how ecologists

度 生 物 多 樣 性。 生 物 學 家 以 α、β 及 γ 分 辨 生

物 多 樣 性：α 多 樣 性 是 指 群 落（ 場 地 ） 中 物 種

between alpha, beta and gamma diversity where

的數量，β 多樣性量度一群落與鄰近群落的物

community (site), beta diversity is the measure

種數量。因此，有志於保育生物多樣性的園境

measure biodiversity. Ecologists distinguish

alpha diversity is the species richness within a

種數量差異，而 γ 多樣性是指一大範圍內的物

of how many species the community has that are

師應評估地盤的 α 多樣性對該範圍的 γ 多樣性

not present in adjacent communities and gamma diversity is the total number of species in the region. So the designer interested in biodiversity

conservation should assess how the alpha diversity of the site can contribute to the gamma diversity of the region. The other principal approach that

designers can adopt to promote biodiversity is to design for wildlife.

124

A Call for an Ecological Approach to Landscape Design in Hong Kong 從生態角度探討香港的園境設計

所佔比重；而另一個促進生物多樣性的方法則 是採用考慮野生生物的園境設計。

How Do We Measure Biodiversity? 我們如何計算生物多樣性 ?

α

Alpha diversity refers to the average number of species diversity in a habitat or specific area. Alpha diversity is a local measure. α 多樣性指一特定地點內的平均物種數量

β

Beta diversity refers to the ratio between local or alpha diversity and regional diversity.

This is the diversity of species between two habitats or regions. β 多樣性比較兩個不同特定地點的物種多樣性

(number of species in Habitat 1- number of species Habitat 2&1 have in common) + (number of species in Habitat 2- number of species Habitat 1&2 have in common)

γ

Gamma diversity is the total diversity of a landscape. γ 多樣性表示所有上述地點總合的物種多樣性

Alpha Diversity of Site A 場地 A 的 α 多樣性

Site A 場地 A

3

Beta Diversity of Site A and C 場地 A 和 C 之間的 β 多樣性

Beta Diversity of Site A and B 場地 A 和 B 之間的 β 多樣性 (3-2) + (4-2) =

(3-1) + (2-1) =

3

Site C 場地 C

Site B 場地 B

3 Alpha Diversity of Site C 場地 C 的 α 多樣性

2

Beta Diversity of Site B and C 場地 B 和 C 之間的 β 多樣性 (4-1) + (2-1) =

4

Alpha Diversity of Site B 場地 B 的 α 多樣性

4

Gamma Diversity of Site A, B and C 場地 A、B 和 C 之間的 γ 多樣性

5

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

125

Designing for Wildlife

考慮野生生物的設計

One sad bi-product of the SARs epidemic in 2003

2003 年 沙 士 疫 情 其 中 一 個 令 人 惋 惜 的 負 面 影

amongst some members of the public. Landscape

響，是令到部分市民對雀鳥及野生動物越趨避

to "choose plants that don’t attract insects and

擇不會吸引蟲鳥的植物」⸺這當然可能是客

has been an increased fear of birds and wildlife

designers are frequently requested by private clients

之 則 吉。 園 境 師 經 常 需 要 面 對 客 戶 要 求「 選

birds", which may be the result of the client’s own

戶自己的偏見，但更有可能是他們認為潛在客

prejudices but is more likely their perception of the prejudices of their prospective customers. The sole

戶所持有的偏見。而唯一例外的是蝴蝶，在大

部分情況下仍受歡迎。當然這些客戶也會經常

(in most cases). Of course these same clients often

要求植物常年繁花盛放，我唯有問他們是否了

year, at which point I usually ask them if they know

粉！

exceptions to this are butterflies that remain popular

ask for plants with profuse flowers throughout the

why plants have flowers — i.e. to attract insects to

解植物為何開花⸺為的就是吸引昆蟲傳播花

encourage pollination!

因此，由於大多數市區地方種植機會都受很多

Therefore, since most urban sites are constrained

in planting opportunities, the designer has to think

是所選種的植物會如何影響整體野生植物、昆

plant choices affect total plant, insect and animal

生 態 的 植 物。 他 們 可 參 照 土 力 工 程 處 刊 物 第

限制，園境師要考慮的不止於物種多樣性，而

beyond plant species diversity, consider how their

蟲 及 動 物 的 整 體 多 樣 性， 並 選 用 可 促 進 野 生

wildlife diversity and choose plants that promote

1/2011 號－《斜坡的園境設計技術指南》 內

wildlife. To do so they may consult references such as GEO1/2011 - Technical Guidelines on Landscape 4

Treatment for Slopes which has plant selection

matrices providing information on ecological value, and A Comprehensive Street Tree Management Plan 5

for Hong Kong prepared by Urbis for Development

Bureau. In compiling the latter document we engaged Dr Billy Hau of the University of Hong

Kong to undertake a review of local literature and

compile lists of plants that provide food and habitat

4

載的植物選擇表所提供的植物生態價值資料， 另可參考由雅邦為發展局編寫的《香港街道樹 木 管 理 計 劃 》 。 在 編 纂 後 者 時， 我 們 邀 得 香 5

港大學侯智恒博士翻閱本地文獻，從而得出為 雀鳥、蝴蝶、蝙蝠、松鼠等本土動物提供食物

及生境的植物列表，而此一系列共八個列表對

致力促進野生生物成長的園境師而言相當有用 （圖

7

）。

for fauna native to Hong Kong, including birds, butterflies, bats and squirrels. The result is a series

of eight tables that should prove useful to landscape designers seeking to encourage wildlife (Figure

7

).

7

A Comprehensive Street Tree Management Plan for Hong Kong prepared by Urbis Limited for Development Bureau, includes an Annex with lists of plants that provide food and habitat for fauna native to Hong Kong, including birds, butterflies, bats and squirrels. 雅 邦 為 發 展 局 編 寫 的《 香 港 街 道 樹 木 管 理 計 劃 》 中 附 有 為 雀

鳥、蝴蝶、蝙蝠、松鼠等本土動物提供食物及生境的植物列表。

126

A Call for an Ecological Approach to Landscape Design in Hong Kong 從生態角度探討香港的園境設計

One interesting piece of information arising from

是 次 研 究 其 中 一 項 有 趣 之 處， 是 在 很 大 程 度

species can provide food and shelter for native

上，外來物種亦為本土動物供應不少食物及棲

it means that many of the commercially available

市場上提供的外來物種，除了因外觀而獲選種

the research is the significant extent to which exotic

fauna, which is great news for the designer because

身之所。這對園境師而言是一大好消息，代表

exotic plant species traditionally selected for their

外，亦有其生態功能。話雖如此，在未有足夠

visual qualities can also serve a useful ecological

function. Nevertheless, in the absence of other

證據支持下，以本土物種作野生種物的食物來 源及棲息地仍屬最佳選擇。以九龍的啟德河項

with native plant species when seeking to provide

目為例，我們以本土灌木及攀藤植物為主作設

River in Kowloon, we have incorporated a number

床種植本土紅樹林品種，為魚苗及兩棲類幼體

supporting information, it is usually best to stick

food and shelter for wildlife. For example, at Kai Tak

計，以吸引蜜蜂、蝴蝶、蜻蜓及雀鳥，並於河

of predominantly native shrub and climber species

營造合適的成長條件。除此以外，啟德河亦加

to attract bees, butterflies, dragonflies and birds, as well as incorporating native mangrove species

入了其他可提升生態環境的措施。

into the channel bed to create suitable conditions for young fish-fry and amphibians to develop.

In

addition, several other ecological enhancement measures are incorporated at Kai Tak River.

Resources offered to1 Plants species

Chinese name

Origin

Growth from

Acacia auriculiformis

耳果相思

Exotic

Tree

Albizia corniculata

天香藤

Native

Climbing shurb

Actinidia latifolia Albizia lebbeck

Aleurites moluccana

Amaranthus spinosus Amaranthus tricolor Amaranthus viridis Antidesma bunius Aporusa dioica

Archontophoenix alexandrae Arenga pinnata

Artabotrys hexapetalus Asclepias curassavica

Asparagus densiflorus Atalantia buxifolia Barleria cristata

Bauhinia x blakeana Bauhinia variegata

Berchemia floribunda Bischofia javanica

Boehmeria densiflora Boehmeria nivea Bombax ceiba

Brassica oleracea var. botrytis

Brassica oleracea var. capitata Brassica parachinensis Breynia fruticosa

Bridelia tomentosa

闊葉獮猴桃 大葉合歡 石栗

刺莧

莧菜

綠莧

五月茶 銀柴

假檳榔

砂糖椰子 鷹爪花

連生桂子花

非洲天門冬 酒餅簕

假杜鵑

洋紫荊

宮粉羊蹄甲

多花勾兒茶 秋楓

密花苧麻 苧麻

木棉

椰菜花 椰菜

菜心

黑面神

土蜜樹

Broussonetia kaempferi var. australis 藤構 Broussonetia papyrifera

構樹

Callistemon viminalis

串錢柳

Calliandra haematocephala Camellia granthamiana Canarium tramdenum Capparis acutifolia

Capparis cantoniensis Caryota maxima

朱櫻花

大苞山茶 烏欖

獨行千里

廣州槌果藤 魚尾葵

Native Exotic

Exotic

Exotic

Exotic

Native

Native

Native Exotic

Exotic

Exotic

Exotic

Exotic

Native Exotic

Native Exotic

Native

Native

Native Exotic

Exotic

Exotic

Exotic

Exotic

Native

Native

Native

Native Exotic

Exotic

Native Exotic

Native

Native Exotic

Climbing shurb

Birds

So 1999

Lock 2000

F

Corlett 2005

F

Tree

Tree

Corlett 2006

Squirrel

Ho 1994

Bats

F, S

FP

FP

F, S, L, B

Herb

FP

Herb

Herb

FP

Tree

F

Tree palm

F?

Tree

Tree palm Shrub

Climber Tree

Shrub

Shrub Tree

Herb

FP

FP, N

F

Shrub Tree

F, S, Fl

F

Herb Tree

FP

F

Herb

Subshrub

N

N

N

N

F N

FP

FP

F, S

FP N

F, S, Fl

Climber Tree

Shrub

F

F N

Tree

F?

Climber Shrub

Tree palm

FP FP

FP

Tree

Tree

N

FP

Herb Tree

FP

Fl, L

Herb

Shrub

Butterflies

Shek 2006; Corlett Bascombe et al.

2005; 2006 1999; Lo 2004

F?

F, S, L

FP

FP

F

N

N

Fl FP L

FP

Urban Plant Species Beneficial to Local Fauna in Hong Kong 7 Plant names are updated according to Hong Kong Plant Database of the Hong Kong Herbarium http://www.hkherbarium.net/Herbarium/frame.html.

Notes:1 F-fruits; F?-fruits that appears for birds without sighting records; S-seeds; Fl-flowers; L-leaves; B-barks; P-Piths; I-insects; N-nectar; NS-nest sites; RS-roost sites; FP- larval foodplants of butterflies

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

127

Landscape Design Components at Kai Tak River The Kai Tak River Rehabilitation, with the landscape

啟德河的園境設計元素 雅邦負責啟德河修復工程的園境設計，以原生

of predominantly native shrub and climber species

灌木及攀藤植物為主，以吸引蜜蜂、蝴蝶、蜻

well as native mangrove species in the channel bed

魚苗及兩棲類幼體營造合適的成長條件。

designed by Urbis Limited, incorporates a number to attract bees, butterflies, dragonflies and birds, as

to create suitable conditions for young fish-fry and

蜓及雀鳥，並於河床種植原生紅樹林品種，為

amphibians to develop.

1

Planting along Channel Bed

In the wider sections of the channel, emergent plant species are used to introduce greening and create a

1

沿河床種植

在 河 道 較 寬 闊 處 種 植 挺 水 植 物 品 種， 既 可 加 入 綠 化 元 素， 亦 可 在 不 阻 礙 防 洪 下 營 造 天 然 河 道 外 觀。 植 物 種

are planted into submerged "grasscrete" panels to stabilise

於 浸 沒 在 水 中 的 草 磚 以 穩 定 根 部， 可 為 魚 苗 及 兩 棲 類

young fish and amphibians as well as attracting birds and

粉 昆 蟲。 挺 水 植 物 包 括 本 土 的 水 生 植 物 如 文 殊 蘭、 本

naturalistic river effect without impeding floodwaters. They their roots, and they will provide potential habitats for

幼 體 提 供 潛 在 生 境， 亦 會 吸 引 雀 鳥 及 蜜 蜂、 蝴 蝶 等 傳

pollinating insects such as bees and butterflies. Emergent

土的紅樹林品種如老鼠簕、蠟燭果／桐花樹及海漆 。

species include native aquatics such as Crinum asiaticum and native mangrove species Acanthus ilicifolius, Aegiceras corniculatum and Excoecaria agallocha.

Flowering from January to September, Excoecaria

agallocha attracts pollinating insects such as bees that are vital to a healthy ecosystem.

海漆花期由 1 月至 9 月，可吸引蜜蜂等昆蟲傳播花粉，

對健康的生態系統發展十分重要。

老 鼠 簕 屬 的 植 物 是 美 眼 蛺 蝶、 黯 眼 蛺 蝶 及 翠 藍 眼 蛺 蝶 幼蟲的食物來源。

Plants of the Acanthus genus are food sources for larvae of

Junonia almana (Peacock Pansy), Junonia iphita (Chocolate Pansy) and Junonia orithya (Blue Pansy).

2

Planting along Channel Walls

The use of artificial rock to simulate bedrock in the lower portions of the channel walls provides excellent opportunity for incorporation of shrub and climber planting

to enhance the greening effect and promote a naturalistic

2

沿河道牆身種植

以人工大石模擬河道牆身下半部分的基岩最為適合種

植 灌 木 及 攀 藤 植 物， 以 增 加 綠 化 效 果， 而 植 物 在 大 石 間 下 垂、 覆 蓋 亦 可 塑 造 自 然 景 觀， 當 中 主 要 選 種 原 生

design by draping down or scrambling up over the rocks.

植物品種以吸引野生生物，如蜜蜂、蝴蝶及蜻蜓。

such as birds, butterflies and dragonflies.

苦 郎 樹， 又 稱 苦 楮、 假 茉 莉， 是 種 耐 鹽、 耐 熱 及 耐 風

Primarily native plant species are selected to attract wildlife

Clerodendrum inerme is salt-, heat- and wind-tolerant

and has beautiful fragrant white flowers that attract adult butterflies including Pachliopta aristolochiae (Common Rose) and leaves that provide food for larvae of Junonia orithya (Blue Pansy).

128

A Call for an Ecological Approach to Landscape Design in Hong Kong 從生態角度探討香港的園境設計

的品種，其白花香氣四溢，可吸引成年蝶如紅珠鳳蝶， 而葉片則可作為翠藍眼蛺蝶的食物。

1

Acanthus ilicifolius (Trial) 老鼠簕（試驗）

1

Excoecaria agallocha 海漆

Planting trials undertaken in the channel in 2011-2013 在 2011-2013 年間於河道進行種植試驗

Pachliopta aristolochiae (Common Rose) 紅珠鳳蝶

Clerodendrum inerme 1 Aegiceras corniculatum (Trial) 蠟燭果／桐花樹（試驗） 苦郎樹／苦楮／假茉莉

1

Junonia almana (Peacock Pansy) 1 美眼蛺蝶

2

Junonia iphita (Chocolate Pansy) 1 黯眼蛺蝶

2

Junonia orithya (Blue Pansy) 翠藍眼蛺蝶

2

Ipomoea pes-caprae 厚藤

2

Lantana camara 馬纓丹

2

Pandanus tectorius 露兜樹

2

Scaevola sericea 草海桐

2

Parthenocissus dalzielii 異葉爬山虎

2

Bauhinia glauca 粉葉羊蹄甲

2

Crinum asiaticum 文殊蘭

2

Ficus pumila 薛荔

2

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

129

Ecological Improvement Measures at Kai Tak River A number of design measures are incorporated to encourage wildlife and promote biodiversity within the river channel.

Aside from the planting design, the Kai Tak River Rehabilitation also incorporates a number of other ecological enhancement measures.

啟德河的生態改善措施 項目為令河道更適合野生生物成長並促進生物 多樣性，加入了多項設計。

在種植設計以外，啟德河修復工程亦加入多項 其他的生態改善措施。

Preservation of Existing Trees 保留原有大樹

A primary concern from the outset has been the retention

of all existing Ficus trees along the channel walls adjacent to Lee Kau Yan Memorial School. These trees provide

a beautiful greening effect as well as providing cooling shade for the river and an important habitat for wildlife.

項目開展之初的一大關注點，是將李求恩紀念中學一邊沿

河壁種植的榕樹全數保留。這排大樹既帶來悅目的綠化效

果，亦為河道遮擋陽光，為野生生物營造一個重要的生境。

Boulders in the Channel Stream 水流中的巨礫

Small clusters of boulders are placed along the edges of

the channel at irregular intervals so as to create eddies and swirls in the water flow that can provide some shelter for fish to rest.

多 個 小 堆 的 巨 礫 在 河 道 邊 緣 按 不 規 則 間 距 擺 放， 在 水 流中形成漩渦，為魚類提供藏身休息的地方。

Fish Refugia 魚類庇護位

Occasional cavities are created in the submerged portions

of the channel walls to create areas of calm water for fish to rest away from faster flowing waters in the channel.

河 道 牆 上 浸 沒 在 水 下 的 部 分 多 個 位 置 均 被 挖 空， 形 成 靜水區供魚類在水流湍急時作休息之用。

130

A Call for an Ecological Approach to Landscape Design in Hong Kong 從生態角度探討香港的園境設計

Planting along Channel Bed 沿河床種植

The planting of emergent plant species, including mangrove species, in submerged grasscrete panels in the wider sections of the channel provides areas of calmer water for fish to gather. They also provide potential habitats for amphibian species, insects and birds.

在河道較寬闊處浸沒於水中的草磚上種植包括本土紅樹林 品種在內的挺水植物品種，可提供水流較平靜的地方供魚

群聚集，亦為兩棲類物種、昆蟲及雀鳥提供潛在生境。

Native Plant Species 本土植物品種

Primarily native species are used for planting in the channel bed

and in the channel wall rockwork. These native species help provide

habitat and sustenance for many species of native wildlife (fish, amphibians, insects and birds) and in so doing help to promote

biodiversity and reintroduce nature within the river corridor.

種於河床及河壁仿石上的植物大部分均為原生植物品種，為

眾多本土野生生物（魚類、兩棲類、昆蟲、雀鳥）提供生 境及食物，從而促進生物多樣性，為河道帶來無窮生機。

Bird Perches 雀鳥棲息地

The rockwork along the channel creates ideal perches for birds who feed on the fish in the river.

雀 鳥 以 河 中 魚 類 為 食 糧， 河 道 中 的 仿 石 就 成 為 了 絕 佳 的棲息地。

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

131

Aside from species selection, designers can promote

除物種選擇外，園境師亦可藉著植物群落中做

plant community. In a natural plant community the

出垂直分層的效果，以促進野生生物成長。在

layer (0.5-2m) and ground layer (0-0.5m) each have

灌 木 層（2 至 5 米 ）、 草 本 層（0.5 至 2 米 ）

wildlife by creating vertical layering within the

tree canopy layer (5-15m), shrub layer (2-5m), field important roles to play in providing food and habitat for wildlife. At Shek O Quarry Rehabilitation (Figures 8

&

9

), we planted a mix of exotic pioneer trees

and native trees and shrubs with the intention of

creating such a layered woodland structure in the long term. Similarly, at The ZCB Park in Kowloon Bay (Figure

10

) we created an Urban Native Woodland

天 然 的 植 物 群 落 中， 樹 冠 層（5 至 15 米 ）、

及 地 面 層（0 至 0.5 米 ） 在 為 野 生 生 物 提 供 食 物及生境中各司其職，在石澳石礦場的修復工 程中（圖

8

及

9

），我們混合栽種了外來的先

鋒樹，以及本地原生樹木及灌木，作長遠建立 分層樹林之用。

that incorporates over 40 different species of native

同樣地，我們在九龍灣的零碳天地（圖 10 ）創

provide food and shelter to attract native wildlife

原生樹木及灌木樹種，模仿原生林以供城市中

trees and shrubs to simulate native woodland and

造 一 片 都 市 原 生 林， 種 有 逾 40 種 不 同 的 本 地

facing local designers in sourcing native plants, as

的本土野生動植物覓食及棲身，而此項目更突

native trees and had to resort to planting mostly

時不少本土樹種都欠缺大量庫存，導致我們要

into the city. This latter project typified the problems

we were unable to obtain large stock sizes of many

顯了本地園境師難以尋找本土植物的問題。當

young whips and seedlings, so it has taken several

靠種植新苗，需時幾年才令原生林漸見雛型。

years for the woodland to establish.

香港濕地公園、石澳石礦場及零碳天地都市原

Urban Native Woodland in the ZCB Park exemplify

生林正正展示了以原生植物塑造自然風貌，甚

plants, yet even in more consciously "ornamental"

設計，仍可創造出比一般本港公共空間的園境

Hong Kong Wetland Park, Shek O Quarry and the designs that seek a natural appearance using native planting design mixing natives and exotics, it is

still possible to create a more layered vegetation structure than usually found in Hong Kong public

或合種本地原生及外來樹種作「裝飾性」園境 設計更有層次的植被結構。不少公共空間及路 邊園境不是遭過份修剪，便是一些生態價值不

高的灌木樹圃，被修剪至單一或毫無變化的形

landscapes are unfortunately characterised by

狀、高度及結構，導致視覺上毫無美感，而生

shrub beds pruned at uniform heights with little

人員應力求令植物錯落有致，方可美觀與生態

creating landscapes that can be both visually boring

宏照道 19 號項目（圖 13 ）。

landscapes. Many public open spaces and roadside over-pruned and ecologically sterile planting with

or no variation of plant form, height or structure and ecologically sterile (Figure

12 ).

Landscape

designers and maintenance agents should instead

seek to create more layered planting effects for visual and ecological benefits, such as we have attempted at Pacific Place (Figure

Chiu Road, Kowloon Bay (Figure

132

11 )

13 ).

and 19 Wang

A Call for an Ecological Approach to Landscape Design in Hong Kong 從生態角度探討香港的園境設計

態價值上更乏善可陳（圖 12 ）。園境師及保養

價值並存，例子有太古廣場（圖 11 ）及九龍灣

Woodland in deep shadow

8

Sunlight penetrates

Ground layer<0.1m Woodland canopy up to 15m Shrub layer up to 5m Field layer up to 2m Includes mosses and seedlings Treee vines and epiphytes Includes woody perennials Includes grasses herbs and vines and ferns

9

10

8

9

The planting at Shek O Quarry Rehabilitation incorporates a mix of exotic trees and native trees and shrubs. The exotics are incorporated so as to shelter the natives and assist their growth and development.

The exotics should be thinned and eventually removed as the natives develop. 石澳石礦場的修復工程混合栽種了外來樹種、原生樹種及 灌木，其中外來樹種的作用為保護本土樹種，以協助其生

10

The "Urban Native Wodland" at The ZCB Park, Kowloon Bay, incorporates over 40 different species of native trees and shrubs to simulate native woodland and provide food and shelter to attract native wildlife into the city. 零 碳 天 地 公 園 範 圍 的 都 市 原 生 林 種 有 逾 40 種 不 同 的 本 土 樹

木及灌木樹種，模仿原生林以供城市中的本土野生動植物覓 食及棲身。

長。外來樹種應加以疏枝，並在本土樹種長成後移除。

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

133

11

11 The Pacific Place podium planting, designed by Urbis

Limited, incorporates a large variety of plant species arranged in a naturalistic manner.

太 古 廣 場 平 台 的 園 境 由 雅 邦 設 計， 融 入 了 大 量 不 同 種 類 的 植 物，以自然方式展示人前。

12 Many Hong Kong public landscapes are characterised by

over-pruned and sterile planting with no natural form or structure.

不 少 公 共 空 間 都 充 斥 遭 過 份 修 剪， 或 生 態 價 值 不 高 且 缺 乏 自 12

然形態的園境。

13 The public open space at 19 Wang Chiu Road, Kowloon

Bay, designed by Randle Siddeley Associates and Urbis Limited, incorporates a large variety of native and exotic plant species arranged in a naturalistic manner. 九 龍 灣 宏 照 道 19 號 項 目 的 公 共 空 間 由 Randle Siddeley Associates 及雅邦攜手設計，融入了大量不同種類的本土及 外來植物，以自然方式展示人前。

13

134

A Call for an Ecological Approach to Landscape Design in Hong Kong 從生態角度探討香港的園境設計

BEAM Plus Neighbourhood

綠建環評社區

The BEAM Plus Neighbourhood (ND) sustainability

香 港 綠 色 建 築 議 會 於 2016 年 12 月 推 出 綠 建

by the Hong Kong Green Building Council (HKGBC)

環評社區評估工具，旨在令項目在總體規劃時

initial project masterplanning and encouraging

範圍，應同時考慮對周邊社區的影響。

assessment tool was launched in December 2016

as a means of embodying sustainable design within project thinking that extends beyond site boundaries

考慮可持續設計元素，鼓勵項目不應囿於項目

into the local neighbourhood community.

綠建環評社區可協助園境師採用生態設計，評

BEAM Plus ND assists the landscape designer seeking to promote ecological design because it

點的生態價值。園境師可參考評分指引 SA5 -

or enhance the ecological value of a site in terms of

及生物多樣性的完整性：

encourages project proponents to conserve and/ the intactness of habitat and biodiversity through

分標準勵項目倡議人藉保護及／或提升選址地 生態價值的五個規劃及設計範疇，以提高生境

consideration of five planning and design aspects under the credit SA 5 – Ecological Value:

1 bonus credit is awarded where either all identified

habitat types on site are of low or negligible indicative 1 credit is awarded when applicant demonstrates the ecological value of the site is enhanced through

a preliminary landscape strategy adopted in the site planning.

如申請人可證明在場地規劃時已藉初步園境設計策略而令 現場的生態價值提升，可獲 1 分。

ecological value, or all identified habitat types on site of

medium to high indicative ecological value are preserved intact and are either unaffected or enhanced by the planned development.

如 所 有 選 址 場 地 的 生 境， 經 確 認 後 其 生 態 價 值 屬 低 至 極

低，可獲得 1 分額外得分；或者經確認後其生態價值中或

高，只要獲保存現狀、不受計劃的發展項目所影響，或因 計劃的發展項目而有所提升，均可獲得 1 分額外得分。

1 bonus credit is awarded where site planning enables physical interconnectivity within the site to connect any

existing preserved area of medium to high ecological value adjacent to the site with:

1 credit is awarded where the ecology & biodiversity

of the site would be enhanced through an ecological enhancement strategy based on accepted ecological

Any existing preserved area of medium to high

principles & defined goals.

Any new green space planned within the site;

令選址場地的生態及生物多樣性提升，可獲 1 分得分。

ecological value within the site;

Any new blue asset planned within the site; and

如按生態原則及明確制定的目標所訂的生態提升策略，而

The total eligible interconnected area is not less than 5% of the total site area.

如 選 址 範 圍 外 ／ 毗 鄰 有 生 態 價 值 屬 中 至 高 的 地 方， 申 請 者 可 透 過 建 立 聯 繫 去 提 高 整 體 生 態 價 值， 而 可 獲 得 1 分 額外得分。建立聯繫的方式包括：

與任何場地內生態價值屬高至中的現存受保護範圍建 立聯繫；

與任何場地內新規劃的綠化空間建立聯繫； 與任何場地內新規劃的水資源建立聯繫；

所建立場內連繫的範圍不少於選址場地總面積的 5%。

1 bonus credit is awarded where existing trees are retained

in situ such that the combined girth of the retained trees, with individual girth of at least 150mm, is at least 20% of

the total girth of all existing trees on site. This is because

the ecological value of large preserved trees usually greatly exceeds the value of young compensatory tree planting. 如 現 有 樹 木 可 於 原 地 保 存， 而 所 有 獲 保 存 樹 木 的 總 周 長

（ 以 每 棵 樹 周 長 最 少 150 毫 米 計 ） 不 少 於 場 地 內 所 有 樹

木 總 周 長 的 20%， 可 獲 1 分 額 外 得 分。 由 於 為 保 存 大 型 樹木的生態價值通常遠高於補種幼樹，所以可獲加分。

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

135

The Way Forward

展望

There is scope for many different styles of landscape

本港的園境設計風格各式各樣，切合不同環境

aesthetic preferences. Yet, whatever the adopted

及美感要求。不過，無論設計風格如何，我相

should seek to look beyond the purely visual to

可有益於生態的設計，主要原因有二。首先是

design in Hong Kong to satisfy different contexts and

design style, I believe that landscape designers

信園境師都不應只局限於外觀，而應着力推動

promote designs that also deliver meaningful

要支持我們相當疲弱的自然系統，促進生物多

ecological benefits. The two principal reasons are firstly to support our ailing natural systems and

encourage biodiversity and wildlife, and, secondly,

樣性及野生生物的成長；其次，在市區推廣此

類 設 計， 可 令 我 們 的 社 會 重 建 與 大 自 然 的 節 奏及過程的連繫，從而促進市民大眾的身心健

our society reconnect with the rhythms and process

康。

health and well-being.

園境師具備知識及技術去帶領大家建立一個健

by promoting these within the urban area, to help

of the natural world and thereby improve public

Landscape architects have the knowledge and skills

康和充滿活力的香港。只要按前文所述的五大

Kong. By following the 5-step process outlined

可將健全的生態原則融入都市設計過程之中。

to be leaders in creating a healthy and vibrant Hong

earlier – avoid, minimise, mitigate, create and

manage – landscape architects can incorporate

步： 避 免、 減 少、 緩 減、 締 造 及 管 理， 園 境 師 綠建環評社區鼓勵項目倡議人在項目初期的規 劃階段中，保護及提升選址場地的生態價值，

process. BEAM Plus ND assists the landscape

從而協助希望推動生態設計的園境師達成目標。

because it encourages project proponents to

所有的園境師及生物學家固然有能力，亦應該

sound ecological principles into the urban design

architect seeking to promote ecological design conserve and enhance the ecological value of a site from the initial project planning stages.

All landscape architects and ecologists can and

should contribute to this process but I believe Government must take the lead as it deals with the largest green infrastructure projects that have by far

在這個過程中多作貢獻。但我相信政府也要以

身 作 則， 因 其 轄 下 有 最 大 規 模 的 綠 色 基 建 項 目，這些項目有着相當的規模，正具備極大的 潛質去推動生物多樣性。同時，政府亦有權力 在策略性的層面上推動生態設計。

the greatest potential to promote biodiversity at a meaningful scale. Government also has the power

其實，無論項目的規模大小，我們都可以各盡

and authority to drive the ecological design ethos at a strategic level.

生物多樣性及可持續設計上發光發亮，為全球

Yet each of us has our own meaningful contribution

to make, no matter how small the project, and together we can make a difference and ensure that

Hong Kong becomes a beacon of biodiversity and sustainable design that sets an example for the rest of the world.

136

A Call for an Ecological Approach to Landscape Design in Hong Kong 從生態角度探討香港的園境設計

本份，在眾志成城下定可帶來改變，令香港在 建立楷模。

Image Source: Hong Kong Green Building Council

Footnote 註釋 1

E. O. Wilson, 1984. Biophilia. ISBN 9780674074422, Harvard University Press.

2

Richard Louv, 2008. Last Child in the Woods. ISBN: 9781565126053, Algonquin Books.

3

AFCD, 2016. Hong Kong Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department. http://www.afcd.gov. hk/english/conservation/Con_hkbsap/con_hkbsap.html

4

CEDD, 2011. GEO1/2011 - Technical Guidelines on Landscape Treatment for Slopes. Civil Engineering and Development Department

5

Urbis Limited, 2013. A Comprehensive Street Tree Management Plan for Hong Kong. Development Bureau.

Unless specified, the source of all images is Urbis Limited.

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

137

6 Exemplary Public Spaces in Hong Kong 優秀公共空間城中尋

Iris Hoi

President Hong Kong Institute of Landscape Architects

許虹

香港園境師學會會長 138

Exemplary Public Spaces in Hong Kong 優秀公共空間城中尋

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

139

There has been a lot of debate recently over

近年，香港各界對公共空間議論紛紛。在 2011

organisation called the "Hong Kong Public Space

年，非政府組織拓展公共空間成立，致力把公

public space to all walks of life". They have published

公共空間的認識，拓展公共空間編輯了一份索

public space in Hong Kong. In 2011, a charitable Initiative" was formed to "bring the knowledge of

共空間的知識帶進社會各階層。為增進大眾對

a directory listing all government and privately-

引，列出全港所有政府及私人管理的公共空間，

managed public spaces and continue to organise symposiums and school programmes regularly

又一直定期舉辦研討會及學校活動。而在 2013

年，創建香港透過公眾提名選出優秀的公共空

Designing Hong Kong put out a public nomination

間，當中不少得獎地方實至名歸，甚至乎有部

worthy recipients, some of which were not intended

此，這些空間卻為不少日忙夜忙、生活迫人的

to promote public space recognition. In 2013, of quality public spaces and awarded a number of

分在最初建立時並非作公共空間之用。話雖如

to be used as public spaces per say when first

香港人提供了舒展身心的地方，使大家即使留

created. Nevertheless, these spaces provide an

outlet for many Hongkongers, busy with work, study,

在市區，亦可在居住或工作的地點附近散步舒

一 口 氣， 同 時 細 味 大 片 空 間 和 城 市 景 色。 在

Kong, providing a space that is both close to their

2017 年， 思 匯 政 策 研 究 所 發 表 報 告《 不 公 空

fabric, to walk and breathe and experience the vast

否足夠，而問題之巨更令他們繼續深究，預計

or any of the other myriad demands of life in Hong homes and workspaces while still within the city

間》，探討香港現時開放予公眾的公共空間是

space and scenery the city has to offer. In 2017, Civic

今年稍後時間會公布更多研究結果。針對公共

Exchange published an article "Unopened Space"

which questions the availability of public spaces to the public; answering this question is such an onerous task that they are continuing to probe and

will be releasing more findings later this year. The

continuous momentum of organised public forums and publications on issues of public spaces has

carried unabated, necessitating some questions to

properly focus the debate. What exactly should we

talk about when mentioning public space? Why is there so much to talk about? I believe the answer

comes from the social mission inherent with this topic.

140

Exemplary Public Spaces in Hong Kong 優秀公共空間城中尋

空間的公眾論壇及報告有增無減，我們不得不

藉着一些問題聚焦討論⸺到底我們應該如何 談論公共空間？為何大眾會不斷關注這議題？ 我相信答案乃源自它本身的社會使命。

The origin of the Landscape Architecture discipline

歸根究底，「園境設計」專業背後的中心思想

definition of Landscape Architecture is extensive —

正是人類與自然的辯證。「園境設計」的定義

invariably it involves using land (which in Hong Kong’s

結果，當中離不開利用土地（香港的例子包括

is centred upon the dialectic Man verses Nature. The

the internet provides 68 million hits on the topic, but

廣 泛 ⸺ 網 上 會 為 你 提 供 達 6,800 萬 項 搜 尋

example includes concrete), water, and vegetation

混凝土）、水及植物去為人創造空間，而多數

to create spaces, most often external spaces, for

people. I can quote many "fathers" of landscape

指的是戶外空間。我可以引用多位「園境設計 之 父 」 的 精 句， 位 位 都 同 樣 見 解 獨 到， 例 如

table book mentioning Charles Waldheim is suitably

其 中 一 本 精 裝 大 書 中 提 到 查 理 斯． 華 德 海 姆

as an urbanist capable of tackling natural health,

園境師最初被認為是可解決自然健康、社會福

architecture who are equally pertinent, so a coffee

relevant: the landscape architect was first conceived

（Charles Waldheim） 的 一 句 就 相 當 貼 切：

social welfare, and cultural edification. Invariably

利和文化熏陶的都市規劃聖手。我們工作背後

the art and science of our work involves social

conscience. Yes, our clients hire us to create spaces

的藝術性和科學觀都牽涉到社會良知的層面。 誠然，客戶起用我們創建空間，無非都是滿足

own enjoyment, but to varying degrees these spaces

客戶需求，往往都是滿足他們的個人享受。但

so from different elevations they are visible to and

眾領域。不管公眾能否內進，公眾亦可以在不

to serve the clients’ objective which often is for their are in the public domain. They are open to the sky

同時間，在不同程度而言，這些空間亦屬於公

perceivable by the public, and there is a call for public

同高度看到或感受到這些向外開敞的地方，因

ownership regardless of whether entry is permitted.

而引起有關公眾擁有權的討論。

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

141

Herein lies Hong Kong’s unique condition. Only

在 此 不 得 不 提 香 港 獨 特 的 環 境。 香 港 只 有

services, transport, and amenities, are provided only

24.3% 的 地 方 為 已 建 設 區， 即 當 中 的 一 切 服

of our city is really quite wild. For instance, there is

面 積 的 地 方 內 提 供， 而 剩 餘 的 76% 面 積 仍 屬

24.3% of Hong Kong is built upon. This means that

within the 24.3% of Hong Kong. The remaining 76%

務、 交 通 及 其 他 設 施 通 通 都 只 在 香 港 24.3%

only one road to enter Sai Kung West Country Park

郊野之地。例如只有一條車路連接的西貢西郊

which occupies 3,000 hectares — an area equivalent

to 11% of Hong Kong’s built up area and 158

野 公 園， 佔 地 3,000 公 頃， 相 等 於 全 港 已 建

區 的 11%， 即 158 個 維 多 利 亞 公 園。 大 家 以

and buses from the airport to the city via Tsing Yi

乘坐鐵路、汽車或巴士從機場經青衣返回市區

Park, yet there is no way that we can enter into this

是我們不可乘任何交通駛進此郊外美景，除了

times that of Victoria Park. We travel via train, cars

and we see large extents of Lantau North Country

時都可遠眺大片北大嶼郊野公園，但實際情況

wild beauty along the way, except by trekking. So

步行行山以外。因此，即使香港近四成土地中

public space in the sense of public ownership of

the nearly 40% of Hong Kong land in the form of

「屬公眾擁有」的郊野公園，這些地方但並非 大家所熱議的真正公共空間。城市居民每日使

heatedly debated about. The public space relevant

用戶外設施所需的公共空間，其實只佔郊野公

for outdoor amenity amounts to only about 4% of

人日常生活使用的公共空間和現時規劃署建議

Country Parks, is not the real public space that is to city dwellers experiencing the everyday need

the area of country parks. The dichotomy of 1:0.04 proportion of vast open space which is not readily

useful for Hongkongers’ everyday need, and the two 1

square metres ascribed for outdoor use in the city , is a topic which should be investigated in another article.

142

Exemplary Public Spaces in Hong Kong 優秀公共空間城中尋

園 面 積 的 4%。 不 過， 如 何 釐 清 這 4% 可 予 港

的人均休憩空間為兩平方米的關係 ，這需要 1

另文再加說明。

The historical development of what were called

自 1950 年 代 起，「 衛 星 城 市 」 相 繼 落 成， 當

"satellite towns" in the 1950s including Tsuen Wan, Sha Tin, Tuen Mun, Tai Po, Yuen Long, Fanling-Sheung

中包括荃灣、沙田、屯門、大埔、元朗、粉嶺

Shui, Tsing Yi, Tseung Kwan O, Tin Shui Wai, Ma On

及上水、青衣、將軍澳、天水圍、馬鞍山及東

Shan, and Tung Chung resulted in the increased development of public spaces. Given the scattered

涌等，從而增加了公共空間的發展。既然這些

新市鎮位置分散，將新建的公共空間與廣闊的

nature of these new towns one would have thought

there should have been a conscious effort to connect

郊野公園連繫起來似乎是一件理所當然的事， 但可惜事實並非如此。不過，無可否認的是，

country parks, but that did not seem to be the case.

新建的公園與公共空間仍大大滿足了市民大眾

created provide much needed recreational spaces

途⸺球場作球賽之用、兒童在遊樂設施中嬉

the new public spaces with the vast resource of the

Nevertheless, the parks and public spaces that were

對休憩空間的需要。這些公共空間多有指定用

to the populace. These public spaces are used for

戲、市民在設有長椅的地方安坐，連踏滑板亦

their intended purpose – balls played on ball courts, children playing in play equipment areas, the public

只可在滑板公園進行。不過最重要的，是這些

空間種滿大大小小的花草樹木，既切合大眾所

even boards being ridden in skateboard parks. Most

需，更真正成為這「石屎森林」的市肺。大埔

for much needed trees and understorey planting.

亞公園、香港公園及九龍公園等正是公共空間

sitting in benches wherever they are provided, and

importantly though, is that they provide a space

海濱公園、香港濕地公園、赤柱海濱、維多利

The combined vegetation truly forms the lungs of

對都市健康的好例子，但面積較小的公共空間

an otherwise concrete jungle. Some examples of

public spaces that are key to the city’s wellbeing are

亦同樣珍貴。它們大都設在高樓之間的剩餘空 間中，令人在困於樓與樓間的夾縫中可得到一

Stanley Waterfront, Victoria Park, Hong Kong Park,

絲 喘 息， 例 子 包 括 歌 和 老 街 公 園、 樂 群 街 公

less valuable — they are found in the leftover spaces

五世紀念公園。

Tai Po Waterfront Park, Hong Kong Wetland Park, and Kowloon Park. Smaller public spaces are no between tall buildings and provide a reprieve to

園、楓樹街遊樂場、中間道兒童遊樂場和佐治

the closed-in walls of adjacent buildings: Cornwall Street Park, Lok Kwan Street Park, Maple Street

Playground, Middle Road Children’s playground, and King George V Memorial Park.

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

143

Image Courtesy to Waitography

Tai Po Waterfront Park

大埔海濱公園

A 22-hectare park situated along the Tai Po

這個面積達 22 公頃的公園坐落在大埔海濱旁，

waterfront, it boasts 20 different facilities for

並 提 供 超 過 20 種 不 同 的 享 樂 設 施， 包 括 主 題

garden) and an insect house. It has all the reasons

花 園 ( 例 如 玫 瑰 花 園 ) 和 一 間 昆 蟲 屋。 它 滿 足

beautiful flowers, lots of healthy things to do, and

和花草、可以進行很多有益身心和富學習趣味

enjoyment including theme gardens (like rose for visiting a park: great views, lots of trees and

things to learn; best of all, it’s 15 minutes’ walk from the nearest homes.

144

Exemplary Public Spaces in Hong Kong 優秀公共空間城中尋

了所有去公園的要求 : 優美的景色、眾多樹木 的活動，更重要是，大埔海濱公園離最近的家 才不過 15 分鐘。

Image Courtesy to Waitography

Image Courtesy to Waitography

Image Courtesy to Waitography

Image Source: Urbis Limited

Image Courtesy to Waitography

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Image Source: Urbis Limited

Hong Kong Wetland Park

香港濕地公園

This project is mentioned in a different chapter,

儘管在上一章已有提及這公園，仍值得在本章

but it bears mention again. It has won 12 local and

再 作 介 紹。 香 港 濕 地 公 園 曾 獲 得 共 12 個 本 地

Kong. The reason for these many accolades is similar

和國際獎項，為本地公園之冠，箇中原因和大

Kong Wetland Park has multi-dimensional meanings.

着多重意義，它既是用作保育，又可以為參觀

international awards, the most of any parks in Hong to the mentioning of Tai Po Waterfront Park — Hong

It is built for nature conservation, yet it is fun to visit, and practically across the street from nearby

residences. What is better than having a meaningful, educational, garden right at your doorstep?

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Exemplary Public Spaces in Hong Kong 優秀公共空間城中尋

埔海濱公園亦有相似之處：香港濕地公園代表 者帶來樂趣，和鄰近屋苑更只是一街之隔。還

有甚麼可以和這坐落在家門前而又別具意義和 教育性的花園媲美？

Image Source: Urbis Limited

Image Source: Urbis Limited

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Stanley Promenade and Piazza

赤柱海濱及廣場

The project has proven itself to be a success in

這項目是將一個舊區轉化成活力海邊小鎮的成

reinvigorating an old district to re-energise a vibrant

功例子。建築署成功將原有在海灘邊的障礙物

was able to remove existing beachside barriers and

移走，伸延海濱以連結美利樓、市集及中間的

Murray House, the market village, and the bars and

客， 同 時 供 人 消 閒 的 活 力 都 市 海 濱。 更 重 要

beach town. The Architectural Services Department expand the promenade while connecting it with restaurants in between. The result is an animated seaside that best represents active urban waterfront living that serves strong tourism and recreation

酒 吧 食 肆， 令 海 邊 多 姿 多 彩， 成 為 可 吸 引 遊

是，對附近居民來說，這是一個既特別又平易 近人的遊樂場所。

purposes, but it is most importantly easily within the reach of local residents – it is both special and a neighbourhood playground at the same time.

Image Source: CC BY 3.0 © Wing1990hk https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 赤柱廣場 #/media/File:Stanley_Plaza_Amphitheatre_Playground_2013.jpg

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Exemplary Public Spaces in Hong Kong 優秀公共空間城中尋

Cornwall Street Park

歌和老街公園

This project demonstrates that when restrictions are

這項目展示出如果設計師能突破規限發揮設計創

alive with a fresh approach to sitting, lounging,

意，使用者能以全新方式在公園安坐、細看及體

by the public. Design innovation is very important,

佳市區公園。創新的設計意念固然重要，但歌和

set free and designers can design, excitement comes

seeing, and experiencing the bset urban park voted

驗，令人耳目一新。這公園更因此獲公眾選為最

but the true value is its location, being not more than

老街公園的真正價值在於其地點，它距離商場、

10 minutes from nearby shopping mall, schools, offices, and residence.

Image Source: CC BY 3.0 © Wing1990hk https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 歌和老街公園 #/media/File:Cornwall_Street_Park_2014.jpg

學校、辦公室和住宅均不超過 10 分鐘的路程， 十分便利。

Image Source: CC BY 3.0 © Wing1990hk https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 歌和老街公園 #/media/File:Cornwall_Street_Park_Pond_View_2014.jpg

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Victoria Park

維多利亞公園

Victoria Park is an iconic symbol of Hong Kong

維多利亞公園是香港公共空間的地標，它完全開

it is also a gathering place for public debates and

放予公眾使用。它不單是一個公園，亦是公眾論

well-used to the last square metre, with tennis courts,

用每吋空間，園裏有網球場、草地滾球場、籃球

public space. It is truly public. Not only is it a park, demonstrations. The 19 hectares of park space is

壇和遊行的集合點。公園佔地 19 公頃，設計盡

bowling green, basketball courts, soccer courts,

場、足球場、音樂亭、游泳池等，應有盡有，每

bandstand, swimming pool, you name it! Every one

of these facilities is actively and heavily used. The reason – it serves a residential population of more than 100,000 from Canal Road to Fortress Hill and

that does not include students in schools, shoppers, office workers, domestic helpers, and visitors in hotels within the area.

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Exemplary Public Spaces in Hong Kong 優秀公共空間城中尋

樣設施都非常受歡迎，使用率相當高。無怪乎公 園為超過 10 萬位住在堅拿道至炮台山的居民服

務，當中還未包括區內的學生、商場顧客、上班 一族、傭工和旅客，不可謂不厲害！

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Image Source: Urbis Limited

Harbour Road Garden

港灣道花園

A small space of about 5,000 square metres, this

這個只有約 5,000 平方米的細小空間坐落在幾

office buildings that is also adjacent to residential

座相連商廈的中央，鄰近住宅大廈、簇新的游泳

sports ground. The primary function for this park

族，無疑這個花園在這方面做得非常成功。

space is in the centre of a number of well-connected

towers, a new swimming pool and a destination though, is to serve the office workers. It does that to

池和運動場。這花園的首要功能是要顧及上班一

a great degree of success.

Image Source: Urbis Limited

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Exemplary Public Spaces in Hong Kong 優秀公共空間城中尋

Image Source: Urbis Limited

About the Hong Kong Institute of Landscape Architects (HKILA) The Hong Kong Institute of Landscape Architects (HKILA)

關於香港園境師學會 香港園境師學會成立於 1988 年 4 月，學會前

was founded in April 1988. The organisation of the

landscape architectural profession was first established

身 為 英 國 園 境 師 學 會 在 香 港 的 一 個 分 會， 於

with the founding of the Hong Kong Landscape Group

1978 年 為 一 班 不 同 國 籍 在 香 港 執 業 的 園 境 設

operating as a chapter of the Landscape Institute of

United Kingdom. In the interests of maintaining and

計師，以推廣這個專業在香港的發展而成立。

隨著會員的增加，及不同體制的運作模式發展

promoting local standards and services, the HKILA was inaugurated in 1988 as the professional body for

日漸成熟，這個英國園境師學會在香港的分會 , 於 1988 年經會員通過及香港政府的認可，正

those engaged in the practice of landscape architecture

in Hong Kong, with the main aim of promoting the

式成為香港園林建築師學會，及後改名為香港

highest standard in the arts and sciences of landscape

園境師學會，並於翌年與澳洲及紐西蘭之園境

architecture and management throughout Hong

Kong. A mutual professional recognition with Australia

師學會取得專業資格互認。1996 年 7 月，《香 港園境師學會法團條例》在立法會通過，確立

Institute of Landscape Architects and New Zealand Institute of Landscape Architects was established in the next year. The legal status of the HKILA was confirmed

and objectives of the HKILA were defined with the

enactment of the Hong Kong Institute of Landscape Architects Incorporation Ordinance in 1996.

了學會的法定地位，成為一個延續性的組織， 亦界定了學會的目標。 Footnote 註釋 1

https://www.pland.gov.hk/pland_en/tech_doc/hkpsg/full/ch4/ ch4_text.htm#1.8

Unless specified, the source of all images is Hong Kong Green Building Council

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153

7 More than Just "Space" 空間以外

Hong Kong Green Building Council 香港綠色建築議會 154

More than just “space” 空間以外

SPACE × HONG KONG 空間 × 香港

155

While this book focuses on the subject of public

儘管本書以公共空間為主題，但討論其實已超

"space", leading on to a wider concern about

越了「空間」範圍，歸根究底其實是在探討如

communities in Hong Kong. It is for this very

我們在此提出點點淺見與大家分享。

space, the discourse has in fact gone beyond the how best we should build our own sustainable objective that we are putting forward some modest suggestions as follows.

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More than just “space” 空間以外

在何香港締造可持續社區。在這個大前提下，

Let the Community be Your Design Partner HKPSI shares two examples of a bottom-up approach to placemaking, the first one is to engage

與社區「拍住上」 拓展公共空間為我們分享了兩個「由下而上」 地方營造的例子，其一是為社區策展公共藝術

as a part of the process to curate public art for the

時，可以積極讓藝術工作者與社區有充分溝通

interaction with a community through other

不同方法加強與社區的接觸和互動，例如將不

artists to mingle and interact with the community

community. The other is to intensify the interface/ means such as creative user experiments through

integration of different design or amenity elements.

和交流。另外，在設計公共空間時，可以利用

同設計元素或設施融入公共空間，進行一次創 新的用家實驗。

and resource demanding at first glance, the

雖然這些方法驟眼看來要多花時間和資源，但

gained during the process have proven to be both

其價值所在，效果令人滿意。從觀塘城市實驗

Although these approaches may be time consuming participation from the community and the insights

invaluable and fulfilling. Results of the urban experiment in Kwun Tong have also confirmed that the design of a public space could only resonate with the needs and

aspirations of the concerned community if we have the

社區的參與及過程中獲得的獨到見解，都證明 的結果亦可得知，如果我們真誠地與相關持份 者溝通，公共空間的設計定能呼應社區所關注 的需要和渴求。

genuine desire to engage the relevant stakeholders.

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157

Public Space for Community and Urban Ecology Around the world, public spaces are also used as

勿忘社區和都市中的生態 除此之外，在當今氣候變化的時代，公共空間

All kinds of activities can sprout up from there:

已不是單單用作社區交流和運動的場所。環觀

community garden. Thus they are not merely there

力的地方⸺由二手物品交換市場或農墟，到

nurseries for strengthening community resilience. from second-hand goods market, farmers’ stalls to

世 界 各 地， 公 共 空 間 已 成 為 培 育 社 區 應 變 能

for physical activities or public entertainment, but the

都市園圃或農莊，活動各式各樣，有如雨後春

embodiment of a new movement towards a different lifestyle, one that can support the local economy and sustainability.

Idy Wong from KFBG demonstrated that an array of activities and education programmes could be

planned to promote sustainability to the general

public. Through workshops, a canteen serving local food and a low-carbon market, community members were inspired to lead a more sustainable lifestyle.

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More than just “space” 空間以外

筍。這些活動不全然是為了公眾享樂和娛樂，

更是一個支持本土經濟和可持續發展、追求另 一種生活方式的運動縮影。

嘉道理農場暨植物園的王麗賢女士為我們展示 一系列向公眾推廣可持續發展的活動和教育項 目。透過工作坊、提供本地食材的飯堂和低碳 市集，社區成員都深受啟發，樂意為可持續的

生活方式行前一步，同時亦會更關心環境及所 身處的社區。

As Hong Kong is — like other places — experiencing

正當香港一如其他地方，極端天氣現象日益頻

to strengthen resilience of our own ecosystem,

繁，為我們的生態系統鞏固應變能力顯得尤其

spaces in the urban areas, as many of them are

巨大的環境壓力。事實上，一個都市的綠化空

more frequent extreme weather events, it is critical particularly through better utilisation of green

重要，特別是市區內的綠化空間，很多正面臨

under intense environmental stress. An urban green

間會為我們的城市提供不少生態服務，包括淨

space can provide plenty of ecological services to

our city, like purifying the water and air, regulating

化水源和空氣、調節氣溫和雨水排洪管理等， 改善我們的生活環境。同時，綠化空間亦有助

of which can improve our living environment. Such

都市人和大自然建立親密的聯繫，對於我們的

an intimate connection with nature, which is vital

了可行的指引，以生態角度去設計園境，並輔

temperature, managing stormwater and so on, all green spaces also help urban dwellers build up

身心健康至為重要。雅邦的杜琦森先生就列出

to our physical and mental health. Sandy Duggie

以本港的例子說明。我們期望香港人能樂意接

from Urbis listed out practical guidelines on how to

incorporate an ecological approach to designing

受一些看來更自然、甚或更凌亂，而生態更為 豐富多彩的的綠化空間。畢竟，萬物都同屬這

It is hoped that we can all embrace the beauty of

個地球！

they may appear messy at times — after all, we are all

的確，在發展公共空間上，香港仍有好一段路

landscapes, supported with real cases in Hong Kong. green spaces and their thriving wildlife, although part of this planet!

Indeed, there is still a long way to go for realising

the full potential of our public spaces in Hong Kong.

Yet, let’s not forget about some of the outstanding

examples in our city. Iris Hoi from HKILA has

要走。話雖如此，我們也不要忘記本港仍有眾

多出色的公共空間。香港園境師學會的許虹女

士為我們簡介了數個位於港九新界的精選公共 空間。若你仍未去過，我們誠邀你趁空閒時親 身到訪一看！

introduced to us a few great public spaces around Hong Kong. If you have not been there yet, we invite you to check them out in your spare time.

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159

About the Contributors

關於作者

Hong Kong Green Building Council (HKGBC)

香港綠色建築議會

The Hong Kong Green Building Council Limited

香 港 綠 色 建 築 議 會（HKGBC） 於 2009 年 創

(HKGBC) is a non-profit, member led organisation

立，為非牟利及會員制機構，旨在為香港締造

planet and improve the wellbeing of the people of

更綠色的建築環境，從而保護地球，造福香港

built environment. The Founding Members of the

市 民。 創 會 會 員 包 括 建 造 業 議 會（CIC）、 商

界環保協會（BEC）、建築環保評估協會（BSL）

established in 2009 with the vision to help save the Hong Kong by transforming the city into a greener HKGBC include the Construction Industry Council (CIC), the Business Environment Council (BEC), the

及 環 保 建 築 專 業 議 會（PGBC）。 為 引 領 市 場 轉化，議會致力向政府倡議綠色環境政策，並

Green Building Council (PGBC). Its mission is to

為各界引入綠色建築作業方式和訂立業界有關

policies to the Government; introducing green

廣綠色生活。

BEAM Society Limited (BSL) and the Professional lead market transformation by advocating green

building practices to all stakeholders; setting design, construction and management standards for the

building profession; and promoting green living to the people of Hong Kong.

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About the Contributors 關於作者

設計、建造與管理的專業標準，同時向市民推

Hong Kong Public Space Initiative (HKPSI) Think Tank 1 Founded in 2011, Hong Kong Public Space Initiative

(HKPSI) is a charitable non-profit organisation.

拓展公共空間智庫（一） 拓 展 公 共 空 間（Hong Kong Public Space Initiative；簡稱「HKPSI」）於 2011 年成立，

engagement programmes, we strive to bring the

為一非牟利的慈善機構。我們希望透過教育、

order for people of Hong Kong to understand the

社會各階層，從而使香港市民更了解公共空間

Through research, education and community knowledge of public space to all walks of life, in

value of public space. With a series of carefully planned projects, HKPSI aims to enhance Hong

Kong people’s understanding of public space, and

研究及社區聯繫活動，把公共空間的知識帶進 的意義。透過一系列精心策劃的工作項目，我

們盼望香港市民對公共空間的理解會大大提 高，並會更好地使用這寶貴的城市資產。我們

this very valuable asset of the city. We strongly

深信公共空間能連繫社區及鼓勵社會互動，從

and encourage social interactions, thus facilitating

更精彩的城市生活。

therefore encourage them to more effectively use believe that public space can bond communities

sustainable development and contributing to a more desirable living environment.

而令香港更能可持續地發展，並能為市民帶來

智庫（一）團隊是由來自不同專業背景的年青

Think Tank 1 Team was formed by a group of

人 於 2013 年 組 成。 我 們 以 創 新 的 方 法 透 過 各

We conduct community experiments/projects and

驗項目及研究，希望讓市民及各持分者能參與

young people from different professions in 2013.

種協作模式連結社會不同的資源，進行社區實

researches by adopting and exploring innovative

塑造更好的公共空間，從而令整個城市變得更

collaborations that connect different resources in the society. Through the projects, we hope the

可愛。

community and different parties in the society can

participate in shaping a better public space, or even a better city as a whole.

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161

Alexander (Sandy) M Duggie, FHKILA Alexander (Sandy) Duggie is a Registered Landscape Architect, a Fellow of the Hong Kong Institute of

杜琦森 , FHKILA

杜 琦 森（Sandy） 是 一 名 註 冊 園 境 師、 香 港 園

境師學會榮譽會員及雅邦規劃設計有限公司董

of Urbis Limited, a Hong Kong based multi-award

事 長。 雅 邦 於 1977 年 成 立， 是 一 家 屢 獲 殊 榮

providing services in masterplanning, urban design,

計、城市規劃、景觀設計、高爾夫球場設計和

Landscape Architects and the Managing Director

winning design consultancy established in 1977, and town planning, landscape design, golf course design

and environmental impact analysis. He has lived

的香港設計顧問公司，提供總體規劃、都市設

環 境 影 響 評 估。Sandy 自 1985 年 起 定 居 香 港

並於雅邦工作，在此期間他為香港政府進行了

during which time he has contributed to several

幾項大型的地區和策略規劃研究，並設計了大

the Hong Kong Government, and designed a very

共基建工程。設計項目包括公園、開放空間和

in Hong Kong and worked for Urbis since 1985, major territorial and strategic planning studies for

量私人及政府項目，從小型私人花園到大型公

large range of private and public sector projects

街 道 景 觀、 學 校、 醫 院、 酒 店， 住 宅、 商 業 和

from small private gardens to large scale public infrastructure works.

Designed projects include

綜合用途發展和高爾夫球場。自 1977 年以來，

雅邦在亞太地區、南亞和中東地區完成逾 2,000

hospitals, hotels, residential, commercial and mixed

個項目，並贏得超過 150 項本地和國際獎項及

Urbis has undertaken over 2,000 projects throughout

設計或負責帶領。他特別關注促進可持續設計

public parks, open spaces and streetscapes, schools, use developments and golf courses. Since 1977

設計比賽。多個獲獎的項目都是由 Sandy 親自

the Asia Pacific region, South Asia and the Middle

和設計公共領域以滿足現代社會的需求，亦是

East and has won well over 150 awards and

competition designs both locally and internationally.

Many of these award-winning projects Sandy has

worked on, designed and / or directed personally.

He is particularly concerned with the promotion of

sustainable design and designing the public realm to meet the needs of modern society. He is also a Director of the BEAM Society Limited, a Member of

the HKGBC Green Building Faculty and currently sits on the HKGBC Green Labelling Committee.

162

About the Contributors 關於作者

建築環保評估協會的董事、香港綠色建築議會

「綠色建築專家」的委員及香港綠色建築議會 綠建標籤委員會的成員。

Iris Hoi Iris Hoi is a Registered Landscape Architect with 30 years of professional experience. She has been

許虹

許虹是一位擁有超過 30 年實踐經驗的註冊園境

師。在香港居住 28 年，並且在過去 18 年是雅

Urbis Limited for the past 18 years. She has helped

邦規劃設計有限公司董事，曾經帶領香港大型

spaces, including Shing Mun Valley Park, Jordan

谷公園、文曲里公園、西鐵站上蓋的荔枝角公

living in Hong Kong for 28 years and a Director of

built some of Hong Kong’s large parks and public Valley Park, Man Kuk Lane Park, Lai Chi Kok Park on top of West Rail, waterfront outside the Hong

Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre. Iris is also currently President of the Hong Kong Institute of

公園及公共空間建設，包括城門谷公園、佐敦

園及香港會議展覽中心外的海濱。許虹現時是 香港園境師學會會長，及土地供應專責小組非 官方成員。

Landscape Architects, and a member of the Land Supply Task Force.

Idy Wong Lai-yin Idy Wong joined Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden (KFBG) in 2000 and she heads the Sustainable

王麗賢

王 麗 賢 是 資 深 環 境 教 育 家， 她 於 2000 年 加 入

嘉道理農場暨植物園，現擔任永續生活及農業

environmental educator in the fields of sustainable

部主管，職責包括擬定各種永續發展策略，推

KFBG's strategies for sustainable agriculture and

生活模式，包括策劃綠匯學苑項目。

Living and Agriculture Department. She is a trained

development. She overesees the development of

raising public support for a low ecological footprint

廣本地永續農業發展，廣泛提倡減低碳足印的

lifestyle. She is also responsible for development of the Green Hub project.

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Acknowledgement

鳴謝

We thank sponsors for making this book happen.

感謝贊助機構令這本書得以面世。全賴他們的

With their support, the Urban Experiment can be documented and the book can be published, to

stimulate more dialogues and partnerships for better

支持令這個城市實驗得以記錄成書，從而引發 更多為香港塑造更好公共空間的對話和合作。

public realm in Hong Kong.

(In alphabetical order)

Sponsors Bauhinia Link Asset Management Limited Hibiscus Arup Hong Kong Housing Society Master of Science in Environmental Management Programme, the University of Hong Kong MTR Corporation Limited Ramboll Hong Kong Limited The Hongkong Electric Company, Limited The Open University of Hong Kong

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Acknowledgement 鳴謝

（按英文字母排序）

贊助機構

領展資產管理有限公司 奧雅納工程顧問 香港房屋協會

香港大學環境管理理學碩士課程 香港鐵路有限公司 英環香港有限公司 香港電燈有限公司 香港公開大學

We also thank the following friends who have helped us a lot in executing the experiment and

publishing this book. With their help, the book is filled with wonderful contents and vibrant pictures.

(In arbitrary order) Adrian Chiu

Angel Wong

Caroline Chan

Chan Chun-fai

Chan Chun-ho

Cheng Keng-leong

Creative studios (Kwun Tong District) interviewed Dominic Wong Elton Chan Flora Lim

flowBOOKS Gary Lam

Gavin Wong Harris Chan Helen Yip Ho Ki-wai Hour25

Hsu Hoi-shan Kanic Kwok Keith Kuk Kelly Lin

Kenneth Lee Larry Poon

Lee Soen-long Luke Tam

Manson Ho Mr Ng

Mr Ng's students

Residents of Kwun Tong District Stuart Flack

Terence Leung Terry Wong Vicky Lam

Yiki Cheng The Urban Experiment and the publication SPACE X HONG KONG won’t be a success without unfailing

support of many organisations and individuals. We sincerely thank all parties and friends who are not

感謝以下朋友為進行實驗和出版本書貢獻良 多，並為本書提供精彩的內容和照片。 （排名不分先後）

趙崇毅 黃洛渟 陳逸敏 陳振輝 陳雋浩 鄭景陽 曾受訪觀塘創作單位 黄正睿 陳奕彤 林逸婷 漂書店 林達良 黃瑋彤 陳均誠 葉嘉泳 何其緯 佰刻製作 徐海山 郭仲傑 谷春祺 連雅琪 李偉圖 潘智暉 李淳朗 譚健樂 何嘉琪 吳培疆老師 吳培疆老師學生 觀塘區街坊 梁曉然 黃松輝 林穎祈 鄭宜琪

城市實驗的順利進行和《空間 X 香港》的出版

有賴各方好友的大力支持。上述名單或不能盡 錄，惟在此感謝大家的協助和支持。

listed above.

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