THE HEART OF
BORNEO A SUSTAINABLE FUNDING FOR THE HEART OF BORNEO
THE HEART OF BORNEO
1
The purpose of this document is to outline the approach being undertaken by the Government of Indonesia to develop and to highlight investment needs to continue to move towards sustainably financing the Heart of Borneo landscape.
Photo by @ Andri Tambunan
2
THE HEART OF BORNEO
Dokumen ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pendekatan yang dilakukan oleh Negara Indonesia dalam mengembangkan dan menggarisbawahi kebutuhan investasi dalam mewujudkan pendanaan yang berkelanjutan bagi Heart of Borneo.
THE HEART OF BORNEO “THREE COUNTRIES ONE CONSERVATION”
THE HEART OF BORNEO
3
Heart of Borneo is Sustainable Development and Conservation Initiative in a very large landscape of tropical forest in Borneo of 26.5 million Ha located in Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia and Malaysia State of Sabah and Sarawak. A large portion of this land – of which 72% is dominated by tropical rain forests – is located in Indonesia.
Heart of Borneo (HoB) merupakan inisiatif dalam pembangunan dan pelestarian yang berkelanjutan bagi kawasan seluas 26,5 juta hektare yang terletak di bagian wilayah negara Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia dan negara bagian Sabah dan SarawakMalaysia. Wilayah HoB sebagian besar berada di Indonesia yaitu sekitar 72% yang didominasi oleh hutan hujan tropis.
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Malaysia
Borneo Forest Fragmentation 2015 ©WWF Indonesia_GIS Team
4
THE HEART OF BORNEO
HEART OF BORNEO The HoB initiative’s goal is to preserve and maintain the sustainability of one of Borneo’s best remaining rain forests, for the welfare of present and future generations. In Indonesian the Heart of Borneo was transferable in to JANTUNG KALIMANTAN. Starting March 2008, upon the enactment of Government Regulation No. 26 of 2008 about Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Nasional (RTRWN), the HoB area was designated as one of the 40 National Strategic Area (NSA) in Indonesia1.
Photo by © @ Andri Tambunan
Tujuan inisiatif HoB adalah untuk mempertahankan dan memelihara keberlanjutan manfaat salah satu kawasan hutan hujan terbaik yang masih tersisa di Kalimantan bagi kesejahteraan generasi sekarang dan mendatang. Dalam Bahasa Indonesia Heart of Borneo kemudian diterjemahkan menjadi JANTUNG KALIMANTAN. Mulai Maret 2008, melalui peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia No. 26/2008 mengenai Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Nasional (RTRWN), Jantung Kalimantan ditetapkan menjadi salah satu dari 40 Kawasan Strategis Nasional (KSN) di Indonesia1.
1 National Working Group (2014), National Strategic Plan of Action Heart of Borneo 2015-2019 THE HEART OF BORNEO
5
2007 – 2017 10 YEARS MILESTONE HEART OF BORNEO
Heart of Borneo (HoB) is an initiative of Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia and Malaysia based on the principles of conservation and sustainable development for the tropical highland forests in Borneo. Over the last 10 years, Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam has been working together to develop opportunities to achieve the economic sustainability that is essential to ensure the success of a united commitment to the Heart of Borneo’s “Three Countries, One Conservation Vision”.
February 2007, Bali, Indonesia HoB Declaration Signed Deklarasi HoB Ditandatangani
2008
April 2008, Pontianak, Indonesia 2nd HoB Trilateral Meeting Pertemuan Trilateral HoB ke dua
6
September 2011, Balikpapan, Indonesia 5th HoB Trilateral Meeting Pertemuan Trilateral HoB ke lima
October 2009, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia 3th HoB Trilateral Meeting Pertemuan Trilateral HoB ke tiga
2007
THE HEART OF BORNEO
2009
Jantung Kalimantan adalah inisiatif tiga negara yaitu Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia dan Malaysia untuk mengelola kawasan hutan tropis dataran tinggi di Borneo yang didasarkan pada prinsip konservasi dan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Selama 10 tahun terakhir, Indonesia, Malaysia dan Brunei Darussalam telah bekerja sama dalam mengembangkan peluang untuk mencapai perekonomian yang berkelanjutan yang menjamin kepastian pelaksanaan komitmen Heart of Borneo bersama yaitu “Three Countries, One Conservation Vision”.
2010
2011
2012
April 2010, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
September 2012, Kuching-Sarawak, Malaysia
4th HoB Trilateral Meeting
6th HoB Trilateral Meeting
Pertemuan Trilateral HoB ke empat
Pertemuan Trilateral HoB ke enam
THE SHARED VISION FOR THE HoB : “BRIDGING CONSERVATIONS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THREE COUNTRIES”
A MAJOR ACHIEVEMENT: �
�
� �
� �
CAPAIAN:
The initiative of HoB, vision and mission have been known at global level
�
Significant international attention and support
�
Trilateral and national HoB initiative in place
�
Political supports from each member country as well local stakeholders
�
Strategic plans of HoB from each country Trans-border cooperation within HoB in place
�
�
September 2013, Brunei Darussalam 7th HoB Trilateral Meeting Pertemuan Trilateral HoB ke tujuh
2013
Agustus 2009, Sabah, Malaysia 9th HoB Trilateral Meeting Pertemuan Trilateral HoB ke sembilan
2014
April 2014, Palangkaraya, Indonesia 8th HoB Trilateral Meeting Pertemuan Trilateral HoB ke delapan
2015
Inisiatif HoB, visi and misi sudah mulai dikenal di tingkat global Mendapatkan perhatian dan dukungan dari dunia internasional Kerja sama HOB secara Trilateral maupun Nasional telah ditetapkan Dukungan politik dari masing-masing negara anggota serta pemangku kepentingan lokal Setiap negara HoB telah memiliki rencana strategis Kerja sama lintas batas negara telah ditetapkan
October 2017, Tarakan, Indonesia 11th HoB Trilateral Meeting Pertemuan Trilateral HoB ke sebelas
2016
2017
September 2016, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam 10th HoB Trilateral Meeting Pertemuan Trilateral HoB ke sepuluh
Photo by © WWF Indonesia_Victor Fidelis Santosa
THE HEART OF BORNEO
7
AREA OF INDONESIA’S HOB BASED ON PROVINCE AND DISTRICT PROVINCE North Kalimantan
East Kalimantan
Central Kalimantan
West Kalimantan
Total Area
Map & Data Source: National Working Group (2014), National Strategic Plan Of Action Heart of Borneo 2015-2019
The HoB area in Indonesia is covering four administrative provinces in Kalimantan: North Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, and West Kalimantan. The size of area covered by HoB is approximately 16.8 million ha, spreads out in 17 districts and 82 subdistricts. The area covers 13 mountain areas which have elevation varies from 1,681 meter above sea level at Cemaru Mount in West Kalimantan to 2,987 m above sea level at Makita Mount at Kayan Mentarang National Park. The area also has three big lakes: Jempang Lake (15,000 ha), Semayang Lake (13,000 ha) and Melintang Melintang (11,000 ha). The annual rainfall between 2,800 mm to 3,600 mm and temperatures varies between 22°C during wet season which falls from September to March, and 33°C during the dry period between April to August.
8
THE HEART OF BORNEO
DISTRICT Nunukan Malinau Bulungan Berau Kutai Timur Kutai Kartanegara Kutai Barat Mahakam Ulu* Murung Raya Kapuas Gunung Mas Katingan Barito Utara Seruyan Kapuas Hulu Melawi Sintang
AREA (HA) 956,642.93 3,493,256.73 552,591.30 651,586.35 394,131.54 850,097.32 1,977,054.42 n.a. 2,038,698.14 127,376.81 250,701.89 530,489.83 42,873.04 34,336.15 3,088,025.81 432,305.69 1,372,187.48 16,792,355.43
Data Source: National Strategic Plan Of Action Heart of Borneo 2015-2019
Di Indonesia, wilayah Jantung Kalimantan secara administratif berada di bawah empat provinsi yaitu: Kalimantan Utara, Kalimantan Timur, Kalimantan Tengah, dan Kalimantan Barat. Luas wilayah yang dicakup oleh Jantung Kalimantan sekitar 16,8 juta ha, tersebar di 17 Kabupaten/Kota dan 82 kecamatan. Daerah ini mencakup 13 daerah pegunungan yang memiliki ketinggian bervariasi dari 1.681 meter di atas permukaan laut di Gunung Cemaru di Kalimantan Barat sampai 2.987 m dpl di Gunung Makita di Taman Nasional Kayan Mentarang. Kawasan ini juga memiliki tiga danau besar: Danau Jempang (15.000 ha), Danau Semayang (13.000 ha) dan Melintang Melintang (11.000 ha). Curah hujan tahunan antara 2.800 mm sampai 3.600 mm dan suhu bervariasi antara 22°C selama musim hujan yang turun dari bulan September sampai Maret, dan 33°C selama periode kering antara bulan April sampai Agustus.
Photo by ŠFORMADAT_Edwin Meru
The population growth in districts within the HoB in the 17 districts only 6 districts which show the growth rate equal or below the national level, the rest of the districts indicated their rate level are high and very high. The majority of local community in HoB area belongs to Dayak tribes. There are of course other community groups such as Malay or Malayu and Chinese origin or even Javanese who migrated in to the HoB in the early 1960’s. As for the Dayak tribes, there are at least seven ethnic groups of Dayak community in the HoB area: Kayan, Kenyah, Iban, Penan or Punan, Lundayeh or Lun Bawang, Kelabit and Barito-Ngaju. They vary in languages, traditional knowledge, cultures and geographic location.
Pertumbuhan penduduk di kabupaten-kabupaten di 17 kabupaten hanya 6 kabupaten di wilayah HoB menunjukkan tingkat pertumbuhan sama atau di bawah tingkat pertumbuhan nasional, lainnya menunjukkan tingkat pertumbuhan yang tinggi dan sangat tinggi. Mayoritas masyarakat lokal di daerah HoB adalah suku Dayak. Kelompok masyarakat lain adalah Malay atau Melayu serta suku Cina atau bahkan orang Jawa yang bermigrasi ke wilayah HoB pada awal tahun 1960an. Setidaknya ada tujuh kelompok etnis masyarakat Dayak di daerah HoB: Kayan, Kenyah, Iban, Penan atau Punan, Lundayeh atau Lun Bawang, Kelabit dan Barito-Ngaju. Mereka memiliki keragaman dalam bahasa, pengetahuan tradisional, budaya dan lokasi geografis.
Data source: (Profil Fisik dan Ekosistem Kawasan Heart of Borneo, WWF File-unpublished report) in National Strategic Plan of Action Heart of Borneo 2015-2019 THE HEART OF BORNEO
9
BIODIVERSITY HEART OF BORNEO The 16.8 million ha of HoB mostly are tropical mountain forests. It is an immensely biodiversity corridor which connects four major protected areas with a total of 4.465 million ha: Kayan Mantarang National Park, Danau Sentarum National Park, Bukit Baka - Bukit Raya National Park, and Betung Kerihun National Park. These 40.89% protected areas in HoB, is an extremely important habitat wildlife species, as well as plant species. These areas also serve as important catchment for the major rivers in Kalimantan Mahakam River, Barito River, Kahayan River, Katingan River, Sesayap River, Sembakung River, Melawi River and Kapuas River, which provides freshwater to the downstream area in the province of East Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan and West Kalimantan1.
THE FOREST HEART OF BORNEO IS RICH WITH THE THOUSANDS PLANT SPECIES More than 3,000 tree species including 267 species of Dipterocarps the most important group of commercial timber in Southeast Asia, more than 200 species of orchids, and at least 1,000 species of ferne2.
HEART OF BORNEO IS AN IMPORTANT HABITAT OF ABOUT 900 WILDLIFE SPECIES The wildlife in HoB is habitat for includes 222 mammals (including of 13 primates), 358 bird species, fresh water mammals, 32 species of snakes, 27 species of lizards, 2 species of monitor lizards, 7 species of freshwater turtles, 2 species of marine turtles, and 2 species of crocodiles recorded occur in Kalimantan. There are also 148 species of amphibian identified in Kalimantan.
Photo by: Š Albert Teo
The area also confines three critical endangered species: Orangutan (Pongo Pygmaeus) and Pigmy Elephant Elephas Maximus Borneensis as well as Sumatran Rhino Dicerorhinus Sumatrensis2.
10
THE HEART OF BORNEO
KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI JANTUNG KALIMANTAN Jantung Kalimantan seluas 16,8 juta Ha merupakan hutan pegunungan. Kawasan ini menjadi koridor keanekaragaman hayati yang sangat besar dan menghubungkan 4 kawasan lindung seluas 4,465 juta Ha terdiri atas; Taman Nasional Kayan Mantarang, Taman Nasional Danau Sentanum, Bukiy Baka-Bukit Raya National Park, dan Taman Nasional Betung Kerihun. 40,89% luas kawasan lindung di Jantung Kalimantan ini merupakan habitat yang sangat penting baik bagi satwa liar, maupun tanaman. Kawasan ini juga merupakan daerah tangkapan air yang penting bagi sungai-sungai utama di Kalimantan yaitu: Sungai Mahakam, Sungai Barito, Sungai Kahayan, Sungai Katingan, Sungai Sesayap, Sungai Sembakung, Sungai Melawi dan Sungai Kapuas. Sungai-sungai ini memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih di kawasan bagian hilir Provinsi Kalimantan Timur, Kalimantan Tengah, dan Kalimantan Barat 1.
Photo by ©WWF Indonesia
Photo by © WWF-Indonesia/Jimmy Syahirsyah
Photo by © WWF Indonesia_Sugeng Hendratno
Photo by © WWF- Alain Compost
Photo by © Philippa George
Photo by © WWFID_Victor Fidelis Santosa
HUTAN DI JANTUNG KALIMANTAN SANGAT KAYA DENGAN RIBUAN SPESIES TUMBUHAN Terdapat lebih dari 3.000 jenis pohon termasuk 267 spesies Dipterocarps jenis kelompok kayu komersil yang paling penting di Asia Tenggara, lebih dari 200 spesies anggrek, dan setidaknya ada 1.000 spesies pakis 2.
JANTUNG KALIMANTAN MERUPAKAN HABITAT PENTING BAGI SEKITAR 900 SPESIES SATWA LIAR Kawasan Jantung Kalimantan merupakan habitat satwa liar diantaranya 222 mamalia (termasuk 13 primata), 358 spesies burung, mamalia air tawar, 32 spesies ular, 27 spesies kadal, 2 spesies biawak, 7 spesies kura-kura air tawar, 2 spesies penyu, dan 2 spesies buaya terlihat di Kalimantan. Terdapat pula 148 spesies amphibi yang teridentifikasi di Kalimantan. Kawasan ini juga merupakan habitat dari tiga spesies hewan terancam punah yaitu Orangutan Pongo Pygmaeus dan Gajah Pigmy Pigmy Elephant Elephas Maximus Borneensis serta Badak Sumatera Dicerorhinus Sumatrensis2.
1 National Working Group (2014), National Strategic Plan of Action Heart of Borneo 2015-2019 2 Soehartono and Mardiastuti (2017)
THE HEART OF BORNEO
11
THE RESOURCES I SUMBER DAYA ALAM FOREST RESOURCES: TIMBER, LARGE CARBON SEQUESTRATION & STORAGE
SUMBER DAYA HUTAN: PEYIMPANAN KARBON DAN PRODUKSI KAYU
There are about 9.08 million ha of permanent production forest and limited production forest within the HoB area. The current registered forest/timber concession operated in HoB area is 79 units, of which 10 units are operated under Industrial Forest Plantation (HTI) scheme. The concessions occupied about 4.48 million ha of production and limited production forest areas1. The posted data of annual LULUCF emission in the period of 2009 to 2014 within 17 districts located in the HoB was 494 million ton2.
Terdapat sekitar 9,08 juta ha hutan produksi permanen dan hutan produksi terbatas di wilayah HoB. Konsesi hutan / kayu yang terdaftar saat ini dan beroperasi di wilayah HoB adalah 79 unit, dimana 10 unit dioperasikan dalam skema Hutan Tanaman Industri (HTI). Konsesi tersebut menguasai 4,48 juta ha produksi dan hutan produksi terbatas1. Data yang diposkan dari emisi tahunan LULUCF pada periode 2009 sampai 2014 di 17 kabupaten yang terletak di HoB adalah 494 juta ton2.
WATER RESOURCES: FISHERIES, DRINKING WATER, HYDROPOWER
SUMBER DAYA AIR: PERIKANAN, AIR BAKU, PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA AIR
The protected areas are also serve as important catchment areas for the 14 major rivers in Kalimantan (managed in 9 watersheds and 8 sub-watersheds)1.
Kawasan lindung HoB juga berfungsi sebagai daerah tangkapan air yang penting bagi 14 sungai besar di Kalimantan ( mendukung kelangsungan 9 daerah aliran sungai dan 8 daerah aliran sungai)1.
MINING: GOLD & COAL
TAMBANG: EMAS & BATUBARA
At this moment there are 486 mining companies registered to operate in the HoB areas with the concession area of 2.05 million ha, of which 11 are big coal companies. Indonesia’s Borneo has been known to have a high deposit of coal: 25,131 million tons in East Kalimantan and North Kalimantan Provinces, 1,227 million ton in Central Kalimantan, and 527 million ton in West Kalimantan1.
PLANTATION There are four major types of commercial plantations occurring in the HoB area: oil palm, rubber, coffee and cacao2.
ECO TOURISM The natural pristine forest of HoB and the the cultural life of the Dayak tribe becomes HoB ecotourism market. The well development of ecotourism will create a lasting economic benefits and help preserve the biodiversity of the area2.
Saat ini terdapat 486 perusahaan pertambangan yang terdaftar untuk beroperasi di wilayah HoB dengan luas konsesi 2,05 juta ha, dimana 11 perusahaan batubara besar. Borneo di Indonesia diketahui memiliki deposit batu bara yang tinggi: 25.131 juta ton di Kalimantan Timur dan Kalimantan Utara, 1.227 juta ton di Kalimantan Tengah, dan 527 juta ton di Kalimantan Barat1.
PERKEBUNAN Ada empat jenis perkebunan komersial utama yang dikembangkan di daerah HoB yaitu: kelapa sawit, karet, kopi dan kakao2.
ECO WISATA Hutan alam asli HoB dan kehidupan budaya suku Dayak menjadi daya tarik bagi pasar ekowisata HoB. Pengembangan ekowisata yang baik akan menciptakan manfaat ekonomi yang berkelanjutan dan membantu melestarikan keanekaragaman hayati daerah tersebut 2.
1 National Working Group (2014), National Strategic Plan Of Action Heart of Borneo 2015-2019 2 Soehartono and  Mardiastuti (2017) 3 WWF HoB Global Initiative (2012)
12
THE HEART OF BORNEO
Photo by © Andri Tambunan
THE HEART OF BORNEO
13
NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN RENCANA AKSI STRATEGIS OF ACTION NASIONAL Indonesia has developed and adopted National Strategic Plan of Action (NSPA) for Indonesia’s Kalimantan region in July 2008 as the national framework for sectors, provinces and districts, as well as for relevant stakeholders in the Heart of Borneo area.
Indonesia telah mengembangkan dan mengadopsi Rencana Aksi Strategis Nasional (NSPA) untuk wilayah Kalimantan pada bulan Juli 2008 sebagai kerangka kerja nasional untuk sektor, provinsi dan kabupaten, serta pemangku kepentingan yang terkait dengan wilayah Jantung Kalimantan.
In October 2015 the Government of Republic of Indonesia has issued the second NSPA valid from 2015 to 2019. The NSPA was developed based on the combination of sectors, provincial programs and stakeholders needs as well as resources based.
Pada Oktober tahun 2015 Pemerintah Republik Indonesia telah menerbitkan NSPA ke dua untuk periode 2015-2019. NSPA ini disusun berdasarkan atas keterpaduan antara berbagai sektor, program pemerintah provinsi, para pemangku kepentingan serta berbasis pada kekayaan sumber daya alam.
The objectives of the HoB National Strategic Plan of Action 2015-2019 is to provide a broad but clear guidance for relevant stakeholders and key players in dealing with conservation and sustainable use of resources in the area of Indonesia’s part of HoB.
Rencana Aksi Strategis Nasional Jantung Kalimantan 2015-2019 diharapakan dapat menjadi panduan yang menyeluruh dan jelas bagi para pemangu kepentingan dan pihak-pihak yang terkait dengan upaya pelestarian dan pemanfaatan sumber daya alam di Kalimantan secara berkelanjutan.
THE GOALS OF NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN OF ACTION (NSPA) � �
�
Prosperity of people in Heart of Borneo Sustainable economic development in Heart of Borneo Biodiversity conservation in Heart of Borneo
�
�
�
Reference: National Working Group (2014), National Strategic Plan of Action Heart of Borneo 2015-2019
14
THE HEART OF BORNEO
Kesejahteraan bagi masyarakat yang tinggal di Jantung Kalimantan Pembangunan Ekonomi yang berkelanjutan di Jantung Kalimantan Konservasi keanekaragaman hayati di Jantung Kalimantan
photo by © Andri Tambunan
THE HEART OF BORNEO
15
Photo by © Andri Tambunan
16
THE HEART OF BORNEO
NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN OF ACTION HEART OF BORNEO (2015 -2019)
ENABLING CONDITION FOR HEART OF BORNEO IMPLEMENTATION & PROGRAM ACCELERATION SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Integration and Harmonization of Sector and Provincial/ District Programs and Approach • Best Practice for Sustainable Development of Natural Resources • Appropriate Fund Use Management • FPIC
RELEVANT SECTOR
• Develop Shared Governance • Improve Support Systems
TRANS-BORDER SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
• Strengthening Local Capacity • Develop Creative Economy • Develop Infrastructure and System Connectivity
ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT
• Develop TDA • Participation of Local Community • Reviving Culture, Traditional Culture and Heritage Sites
CAPACITY BUILDING
Cooperation and Enlightenment from Relevant Competent Parties on Capacity Building
STRATEGIC APPROACH
HEART OF BORNEO PROGRAMS
COORDINATING MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC AFFAIRS
HoB
IMPLEMENTATION & GOALS
RELEVANT PROVINCES
RELEVANT DISTRICTS
COORDINATION & IMPLEMENTATION
SIX PROGRAMS FOR HEART OF BORNEO IN NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN AND ACTION OF 2015 TO 2019 ARE1:
ENAM PROGRAM UNTUK JANTUNG KALIMANTAN DALAM RENCANA AKSI STRATEGIS NASIONAL 2015 SAMPAI 2019 ADALAH1:
PROGRAM 1: Enabling condition for HoB implementation and program acceleration Objective: to lay out the foundation of programs and activities in developing the HoB
PROGRAM 1: Mempersiapkan Kodisi Dalam Pelaksanaan & Percepatan Program Jantung Kalimantan Tujuan: untuk menyusun dasar program dan kegiatan dalam mengembangkan
PROGRAM 2: Sustainable development of natural resources outside the protected area in HoB Objective: to manage sustainably natural resources located outside the protected area networks within the Indonesian part of Heart of Borneo
PROGRAM 2: Pembangunan sumber daya alam yang berkelanjutan di luar kawasn lindung Jantung Kalimantan. Tujuan: Mengelola Sumber Daya Alam yang bekerlanjutan di luar kawasan lindung Jantung Kalimantan.
Reference: National Working Group (2014), National Strategic Plan of Action Heart of Borneo 2015-2019 THE HEART OF BORNEO
17
Photo by © Andri Tambunan
18
THE HEART OF BORNEO
RENCANA AKSI STRATEGIS NASIONAL JANTUNG KALIMANTAN (2015 -2019)
MEMPERSIAPKAN KODISI DALAM PELAKSANAAN & PERCEPATAN PROGRAM HEART OF BORNEO
Integrasi dan Harmonisasi Sektor dan Program Pendekatan Provinsi / Kabupaten/Kota
PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA ALAM YANG BERKELANJUTAN
• Best Practice Pengembangan SDA yang Berkelanjutan • Pengelolaan Penggunan Dana • FPIC
PENGELOLAAN KAWASAN LINDUNG
PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI YANG BERKELANJUTAN PADA DAERAH PERBATASAN
PENGEMBANGAN ECO WISATA
PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS
• Mengembangkan “Share Governance” • Peningkatan Kapasitas Sistem Pendukung
SEKTOR TERKAIT
KEMENTERIAN COORDINATOR BIDANG PEREKONOMIAN
• Peningkatan Kapasitas Lokal • Membangun Ekonomi Kreatif • Membangun Infrastuktur dan jaringanjaringan penghubung • Membangun TDA • Partisipasi Komunitas Lokal • Menghidupkan Kembali Budaya, Situs Budaya dan Warisan Tradisional
HoB IMPLEMENTASI & GOAL
PROVINSI YANG TERKAIT
KAB/KOTA YANG TERKAIT
Meningkatkan Kerjasama dengan pihak-pihak terkait dalam peningkatan kapasitas
STRATEGI PENDEKATAN
PROGRAM HEART OF BORNEO
PROGRAM 3: Protected areas management practices Objective: to improve the effectiveness and participations of stakeholders in managing protected areas within the HoB area for conserving biodiversity and their ecosystems PROGRAM 4: Trans-border sustainable economic development Objective: wellbeing of the people in border area based on sustainable development of natural resources PROGRAM 5: Ecotourism development Objective: Identify and promote sustainably development of ecotourism in HoB area PROGRAM 6: Capacity building
Objective: strengthening local capacity in dealing with sustainable resources of natural resources, protected area management and ecotourism development
KOORDINASI & IMPLEMENTASI
PROGRAM 3: Praktek-praktek pengelolaan kawasan lindung Tujuan: meningkatkan efektivitas dan partisipasi pemangku kepentingan dalam mengelola kawasan lindung di dalam kawasan Jantung Kalimantan untuk melestarikan keanekaragaman hayati dan ekosistemnya. PROGRAM 4: Pembangunan ekonomi berkelanjutan di kawasan perbatasan Tujuan: peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat di daerah perbatasan berdasarkan pemanfaatan sumber daya alam berkelanjutan PROGRAM 5: Pengembangan Ekowisata Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi dan mendukung pengembangan Ekowosata di Jantung Kalimantan PROGRAM 6: Peningkatan Kapasitas Tujuan: Penguatan kapasitas lokal dalam menangani sumber daya alam yang berkelanjutan, pengelolaan kawasan lindung dan pengembangan ekowisata. THE HEART OF BORNEO
19
GREEN ECONOMY - A LOW CARBON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FOR HEART OF BORNEO “Toward a green and sustainable Indonesia”, is one of Indonesia development vision state on Act. No 17 of 2007 about Long-Term National Development Plan. The National Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMN) valid for 2014-2019, state the forestry sector became one of development priorities and has established its vision “ A lead to improve people welfare, through productive and competitive sustainable forest management”1. The Heart of Borneo natural capital is a high value, not only for national but also global economic development. Shifting to a green economy that values and invests in natural capital would help to sharply reduce many of these negative trends, while supporting climate change mitigation and adaptation2. The role of the economic sector is becoming more important and green economy should be the strategy for the development of the forestry sector. Recognizing the high value of natural resources of the HoB it is important to incorporate environmental factors into the economic system to ensure the continuity of the functions of the environment and or natural resources.
EKONOMI HIJAU – KONSEP PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN RENDAH KARBON UNTUK JANTUNG KALIMANTAN “Mewujudkan Indonesia yang hijau dan lestari” merupakan salah satu visi pembangunan Negara Indonesia yang tertuang dalam Undang-Undang No.17 Tahun 2007 mengenai dalam Rencana Pembangunan Nasional Jangka Panjang (RPJP). Dalam RPJMN 2014-2019, sektor kehutanan menjadi salah satu prioritas pembangunan dan telah menetapkan visinya “Menjadi terdepan dalam meningkatkan kemakmuran rakyat melalui pengelolaan hutan lestari, produktif dan berdaya saing tinggi”1. Sumber daya alam Jantung Kalimantan memiliki nilai yang tinggi bukan hanya dalam mendukung pembangunan ekonomi nasional, namun juga pada tingkal global. Dengan beralih ke konsep Ekonomi Hijau dan investasi dalam pengelolaan sumber daya alam, diharapakan mampu mengurangi dampak negatif dari eksploitasi sumber daya alam sekaligus mendukung mitigasi dan adaptasi perubahan iklim2. Peran sektor ekonomi menjadi penting, dan konsep ekonomi hijau menjadi strategi pengembangan untuk sektor kehutanan. Menyadari akan tingginya nilai sumber daya alam di Jantung Kalimantan, maka dirasakan penting untuk dapat mengintegrasikan faktor lingkungan ke dalam sistem pengembangan ekonomi untuk menjamin keberlanjutan fungsi lingkunan dan ketersediaan sumber daya alam.
All photo © Andri Tambunan
Reference: 1 National Working Group (2014), National Strategic Plan of Action Heart of Borneo 2015-2019 2 WWF HoB Global Initiative (2012) Heart of Borneo Investing in Nature for A Green Economy A Synthesis Report
20
THE HEART OF BORNEO
Photo by © Andri Tambunan
THE HEART OF BORNEO
21
GREEN ECONOMY IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY THEME
BUSINESS AS USUAL (BAU)
GREEN ECONOMY (GE)
Spatial Planning
Coherent land use plans including the creation of a category for Limited enforcement or reconciliation of land use plans leads to deforestation degraded land, expanding community forests and implementation of watershed protection and forest degradation
Protected Areas
Poorly managed protected areas lead to loss of biodiversity and fragmentation of natural habitats
Effective protection of natural habitats with improved connectivity among protected areas
Forestry
Widespread conventional logging and plantation within High Conservation Value Forest (HCVF)
Reduced impact logging, international certification of sustainable forest management, plantations limited to highly degraded or deforested areas that are not HCVF.
Areas with inactive forestry concessions Concession management is improved. Inactive forestry land is protected to reduce degradation. Forest restoration concessions are result in degradation due to lack of implemented within natural forest areas following logging management Palm oil Plantation
Oil palm expansion is permitted in natural forest areas and HCVF No improvement in oil plantation management
Oil palm plantations do not expand in any area of natural forest. Land swaps for permits granted within natural forest, to ensure expansion on degraded land only. Roundtable for Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) ensures that management practices are improved, including improved fertilizer and pesticide application management
Mining causes forest degradation within concessions and air and water pollution No improvement in agricultural practices, increasing reliance on chemical fertilizers, use of monocultures results in greater vulnerability to pests and diseases
Mining follows international good practice guidelines, with improved waste management treatment reducing impacts on air and water quality
Energy consumption grows, reducing exports and increasing the cost of energy use
Increased energy efficiency reduces domestic consumption (especially of fossil fuels), renewable energy use expands, costs and impacts of fossil fuel consumption are reduced
Power is mostly generated from coal and other fossil fuels, limiting exports and generating GHG emissions
Investments in non-hydro renewable energy power plants are implemented to decentralize power generation and to reduce consumption of coal for electricity supply and lower GHG emissions
Biodiversity Based Enterprises
Limited infrastructure and support to advance biodiversity-based products such as NTFP and agro-forestry
Sustainable biodiversity products from legal community forests (NTFP and agro-forestry), bioprospecting and biotechnology supports soil quality, minimizes erosion and sedimentation and secures forest carbon by reducing pressure to convert forests
Innovative Green Sectors Sektor Inovasi Hijau
Limited infrastructure and support to advance innovative green sectors
New business models build local economies, e.g., using ‘waste products’ from waste produced by current HoB industries
Mining Agriculture
Energy
photo by Š Andri Tambunan
22
THE HEART OF BORNEO
Sustainable agriculture practices maintain and restore soil quality, use of chemical fertilizers is reduced, larger biodiversity gene bank provides wild varieties that may be hybridized to ensure greater resilience to pest and diseases
THE HEART OF BORNEO
23
THE GREEN ECONOMY IMPLEMENTATION IN HEART OF BORNEO1:
IMPLEMENTASI EKONOMI HIJAU DI JANTUNG KALIMANTAN1:
West Kalimantan: Strengthening Productive Economy Base Green economy implementation in the field of innovative creative economy in West Kalimantan is carried out in synergy with the economic empowerment of local communities. The government of West Kalimantan Province in collaboration with the province’s local district governments has also planned the sustainable agriculture development.
Kalimantan Barat: Memperkuat basis ekonomi produktif Implementasi ekonomi hijau di bidang ekonomi kreatif yang inovatif di Kalimantan Barat dilakukan secara sinergis dengan pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat setempat. Pemerintah Provinsi Kalimantan Barat bekerja sama dengan pemerintah kabupaten setempat juga telah merencanakan pengembangan pertanian berkelanjutan.
Central Kalimantan: Sustainable Palm Oil AgroIndustry The oil palm plantation industry in Central Kalimantan is still facing a lot of challenges especially in terms of environmental sustainability and preservation. The province needs large amounts of private investment to develop its palm oil-based agro-industry and apply the principles of green economy that is more environmentally friendly. East Kalimantan: Spatial Plan, One Data One Map Data base and information is an important aspect in developing a measurable and comprehensive development planning. The accurate, centralized and integrated development database will enhance a correct, actual, quality and accountable development policy analysis for the province, districts / cities and stakeholders. The East Kalimantan Provincial Government has firmly outlined, to achieve the vision of development, has to refers to an accurate, up to date, integrated, complete, accountable “One Data, One Map” spatial data base. North Kalimantan: Environmental Services and Food Granaries North Kalimantan has also planned the construction of large-scale food granaries comprising an area of 50,000 hectares known as Delta Kayan Food Estate (DKFE). there are at least three agricultural companies that have invested in rice and non-staple food crops farming.
Kalimantan Tengah: Agroindustri Kelapa Sawit Berkelanjutan Industri perkebunan kelapa sawit di Kalimantan Tengah masih menghadapi banyak tantangan terutama dalam hal kelestarian lingkungan dan pelestarian. Provinsi ini membutuhkan investasi swasta dalam jumlah besar untuk mengembangkan agroindustri berbasis kelapa sawit dan menerapkan prinsip-prinsip ekonomi hijau yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Kalimantan Timur: Rencana Tata Ruang, Satu Data Satu Peta Basis data dan informasi merupakan aspek penting dalam pengembangan perencanaan pembangunan yang terukur dan komprehensif. Database pengembangan yang akurat, terpusat dan terpadu akan meningkatkan analisis kebijakan pembangunan yang benar, aktual, berkualitas dan akuntabel untuk provinsi, kabupaten / kota dan pemangku kepentingan. Pemerintah Provinsi Kalimantan Timur telah secara tegas menjelaskan, untuk mencapai visi pembangunan, harus mengacu pada basis data spasial “One Data, One Map” yang akurat, lengkap, lengkap, akuntabel”. Kalimantan Utara: Jasa Lingkungan dan Lumbung Pangan Implementasi ekonomi hijau melalui pengembangan jasa lingkungan hutan sangat dimungkinkan di Kaltara, mengingat Taman Nasional Kayan Mentarang (TNKM) terletak di provinsi ini. Kalimantan Utara juga telah merencanakan pembangunan lumbung pangan skala besar yang terdiri dari 50.000 hektar yang dikenal dengan nama Delta Kayan Food Estate (DKFE).
1 National Working Group (2014), National Strategic Plan Of Action Heart of Borneo 2015-2019 Heart of Borneo
24
THE HEART OF BORNEO
CHALLENGES IN MANAGING HEART OF BORNEO � Unsustainable use of natural resources � Current development tend to depend on non-renewable resources � Local capacity appear to be needing substantial improvement in governance and technical as well as policy analysis and formulation � Continues improvement on health and education for all in HoB � Increasing of the use of sustainable energy throughout HoB area � Developing sustainable funding to manage the HoB initiative.
TANTANGAN DALAM PENGELOLAAN JANTUNG KALIMANTAN � Penggunaan sumber daya alam yang tidak berkelanjutan � Pembangunan saat ini cenderung bergantung pada sumber daya tak terbarukan � Meningkatan kapasitas lokal dalam kemampuan teknis dan perbaikan tata kelola pemerintah, serta analisa dan perumusan kebijakan. � Memperbaiki tingkat kesehatan dan pendidikan bagi masyarakat di Jantung Kalimantan secara terus menerus. � Meningkatnya penggunaan energi berkelanjutan di seluruh wilayah Jantung Kalimantan � Mengembangkan mekanisme pendanaan berkelanjutan dalam pengelolaan Jantung Kalimantan.
Photo by © Andri Tambunan
THE HEART OF BORNEO
25
Photo by © Andri Tambunan
26
THE HEART OF BORNEO
CURRENT GLOBAL SUPPORTS TO THE HOB
DUKUNGAN GLOBAL UNTUK JANTUNG KALIMANTAN
As the HoB is a government initiative, the majority of funding comes from them. Funding is derived from national budget revenue & expenditure (APBN) and regional budget revenue & expenditure (APBD). In the implementation of HoB, related partners have allocated funding obtained from other parties (donors, for example) or from government partners1.
Sumber keuangan pemerintah dan swasta dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menopang pengelolaan Jantung Kalimantan. Apabila dikolaborasikan dengan dukungan sumber dari lembaga donor, maka pengelolaan Jantung Kalimantan akan menuju pada pembangunan yang rendah karbon dan berbasis lingkungan yang memperhatikan kelestarian keanekaragaman hayati, hutan, Daerah Aliran Sungai serta pengurangan emisi karbon2.
Since the HoB initiative was launched the main financial support came from civil society such as WWF Indonesia and international agency (ADB and World Bank) as well as donor countries such as government of United States, German, Denmark, the Netherlands, United Kingdom, Australia, Japan, Singapore and others. Government and market sources of finance can be utilized to sustain the Heart of Borneo landscape. Combined with donor sources, the HoB are in position to transition towards low-carbon and green development paths that are based on biodiversity conservation, forest and watershed protection and carbon emission reductions 2.
Sejak inisiatif Jantung Kalimantan diluncurkan, dukungan secara global diperoleh antara lain dari WWF Indonesia dan lembaga-lembaga donor (ADB and World Bank) serta dana bantuan dari negara Amerika, Jerman, Denmark, Belanda, Inggris, Australia, Jepang, Singapura dan lainnya. HoB adalah inisiatif Pemerintah, sebagian besar dana berasal dana-dana Pemerintah. Sumber dana berasal dari APBN dan APBD. Dalam pelaksanaan Jantung Kalimantan, mitra terkait telah mengalokasikan dana yang diperoleh dari pihak lain (antara lain donor) atau dari mitra pemerintah1 .
IN LOOKING FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUNDING FOR THE HEART OF BORNEO
KEBERLANJUTAN DUKUNGAN PENDANAAN UNTUK JANTUNG KALIMANTAN
In the implementation of HoB, related partners have allocated funding obtained from other parties (donors, for example) or from government partners.
Pendanaan berkelanjutan (sustainable financing) perlu dikembangkan untuk menjamin keberlangsungan kegiatan di Jantung Kalimantan.
Currently HoB is developing sustainable financing schemes which are sourced from the government, other state donors, Corporate Social Resposibility or CSR from private or other non-governmental institutions both nationally and internationally. In addition, sustainable financing mechanisms, based on the potential for environmental services (Payment for Environmental Services, PES), are being developed. PES is refered to as service water, carbon, biodiversity, ecotourism and so on.
Pendanaan berkelanjutan dimaksud adalah pendanaan dari pemerintah, bantuan negara lain (donor), swasta (Corporate Social Resposibility, CSR), atau lembaga non-pemerintah lainnya baik nasional maupun internasional. Sumber pendanaan lain yaitu dari imbal jasa lingkungan (Payment for Environmental Services, PES). Imbal jasa lingkungan dimaksud seperti jasa air, karbon, keanekaragaman hayati, ekowisata dan sebagainya.
1 National Working Group Heart of Borneo, Heart of Borneo 2 A partnership approach to economic sustainability financing the Heart of Borneo THE HEART OF BORNEO
27
Further information on Heart of Borneo initiative, please contact: Kelompok Kerja Nasional (Pokjanas) Heart of Borneo Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Perekonomian Republik Indonesia National Working Group Heart of Borneo Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs Republic of Indonesia Jl. Lapangan Banteng Timur No.2-4, Jakarta 10710 Telp: +62 21 3500 901 Fax: +62 21 3521 1967 Secretariat of National Working Group Heart of Borneo Directorate General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation Ministry Environment Forestry Republic of Indonesia Gedung Manggala Wanabakti Blok VII Lt.7 Telp/Fax: +62 21 5720 229 www.heartofborneo.or.id
28
THE HEART OF BORNEO