CONSTRUCTIONAL + STRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGIES_ TECHNOLOGY REPORT_ HOLLIE WELCH_
HOLLIEWELCH|YOUNGLIT+PHIL
BEO888_ CONSTRUCTIONAL + STRUCTURAL DESIGN_TECHNOLOGY REPORT_
YOUNG LIT + PHIL_CEBTRE FOR ENTERPRISE_ Part A: Working Drawings_ Part B: Structure + Envelope_ Part C: Planning + Interiors_ Part D: Assembly Sequence_ Part E: References + Bibliography_ Part F: Technical Appendix_
HOLLIEWELCH|YOUNGLIT+PHIL_
CONTENTS PAGE_ Part A: WORKING DRAWINGS_ 1
1.0 Introduction 2 1.01 Location 3 1.02 Precedents 4 1.03 Site + Roof Plan 1:500 @ A3 5 1.04 Ground Floor Plan 1:100 @ A1 6 1.05 Technical Section AA 1:20 @A1 7 1.06 Section BB 1:100 @ A1 8 1.07 Elevation East 1:100 @ A1 9
Part B: STRUCTURE + ENVELOPE_ 10
2.0 Structural Principles_ 11 2.01 Structural Philosophy_ 12 2.02 Structural System_ 13 2.03 Groundworks + Foundations_Axonometric Detail_1:5 15 2.04 Groundworks + Foundations_ 16 2.05 Wall + Glazing_Axonometric Detail_1:5 17 2.06 Building Envelope_ 18 2.07 Wall + Roof_Axonometric Detail_1:5 20 2.08 Roof_ 21
Part C: PLANNING + INTERIORS_ 22
3.0 Accessibility_Function_Comfort_ 23 3.01 Internal Finishes_ 26 3.02 Interior Perspectives_ 27 3.03 Fire Strategies_ 29 3.04 Critical Response_ 30
Part D: ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE_ 31 4.0 Project Brief 32 4.01 Site Appraisal + Preparation 33 4.02 Groundworks 34 4.03 Foundations 35 4.04 Structure 36 4.05 Structure 37 4.06 Structure 38 4.07 Structure 39 4.08 Secondary Structure 40 4.09 Cladding + Glazing 41 4.10 Internal Fit Out 42 4.11 Completion 43
Part E:
REFERENCES + BIBLIOGRAPHY_
44
5.0 References 45 5.01 Bibliography 46 5.02 Images 47 5.03 Manufacturers 48
Part F: TECHNICAL APPENDIX 51
CONTENTS_
PART A_ WORKING DRAWINGS_
WORKINGDRAWINGS_
1.0 INTRODUCTION_
CLIENT + NARRATIVE_ The Lit + Phil was an institution revolutionary of its time, and famous for groundbreaking demonstrations of new technologies which were exhibited there by the likes of George Stephenson and Joseph Swan, the library houses a wide historic collection covering all aspects of different interests, however over the years has become overlooked by modern alternatives. The Lit + Phil are looking to expand in order to suit a contemporary audience through the housing of a new collection at a sister library in Gateshead. The Young Lit + Phil will set out to modernise and continue the tradition of scientific excellence and technological development through the engagement with students, professionals and public, acting as a catalyst for innovation, growth and competitiveness in the region. Regeneration in Gateshead has already given way to the provision of high end accommodation for the growing student and young professionals market, as well as cultural outlets such as the BALTIC: centre for contemporary art and postgraduate enterprise centre, Northern Design. The Young Lit + Phil will see the location of a new enterprise centre which will focus upon research, education and opportunity, comprised of a research library, flexible exhibition + educational spaces along with the provision of low rent, temporary office incubation units, specialising in scientific + innovative technologies.
Concept Model_Innovation_
CONCEPT + SITE RESPONSE_ It was important that the proposal for the Young Lit and Phil would respectfully acknowledge both the site history and context. The strong sense of locomotive and industrial heritage would be identified in both material choice and the overall building form, derived from factory typologies which are present around the site the new structure will subtly mirror the linear dynamic of the railway. In terms of sensitivity of design it was crucial that the existing boundary wall would be retained, henceforth the library taking the form of a design intervention within the site where the topography would be utilised to create a sense of exploration into the space. In order to articulate a connection between new and old, the building would be raised one storey above the railway platform providing unobstructed panoramic views across Newcastle toward the Lit + Phil. Model Perspective_Library_
SPATIAL STRATEGIES_ The required spaces were developed as a direct response to the building programme, an integration of facilities to be utilised by local businesses, schools, young professionals and general public. Due to the mixed use nature of the Young Lit + Phil it was fundamental to establish a zoning of occupancy in accordance to acoustic requirements, where the ground floor is occupied mainly by public use, the first floor education and research, while the second floor for business and enterprise would remain almost entirely private. The organisation of accommodation on each floor will be determined by a 3000mm grid in order to utilise space economy. Model Perspective_Office_
WORKINGDRAWINGS_ 02_
KENILWORTH HOUSE
NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE_GATESHEAD_
RAILWAY LINE
RAILWAY PLATFORM
BUSINESS CENTRE
TYNE + WEAR_
THE SITE
EXISTING WALL
NORTH EAST ENGLAND_
RAILWAY APARTMENTS
WELLINGTON ST.
HILTON HOTEL
1.01 LOCATION_
LIT + PHIL_YOUNG LIT + PHIL_
WORKINGDRAWINGS_03_
1.02 PRECEDENTS_
KUNSTHAUS_BREGENZ_ PETER ZUMTHOR
DES MOINES PUBLIC LIBRARY_IOWA_ DAVID CHIPPERFIELD_
ATMOSPHERE_ EXPOSURE_ MYSTERY_ SENSORY_ FLUIDITY_ PROPORTION_ REPETITION_
FREEDOM_ OPENESS_ FLOODED WITH LIGHT_ CONNECTION TO THE OUTSIDE WORLD_ SAFETY + SECURITY_ TRANSITIONAL_ FRAGILITY_
SARPHATISTRAAT OFFICES_HOLLAND_ STEVEN HOLL_
VOLUMETRIC_ DYNAMIC_ EXPRESSIVE_ HI - TECH_ TEXTURED_ AUSTERE_ FRAGMENTED_
PRECEDENT STUDIES_04_
1.03 SITE PLAN_1:500@A1_
WORKINGDRAWINGS_05_
1.04 GROUND FLOOR PLAN_1:100@A1_ 0m
SCHEDULE OF ACCOMODATION_ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Shelter / Canopy Entrance / Draft Lobby Glass Lift Self Issue / Information Point Reception Flexible Exhibition Space Library Stair Library Wall Study pods Kitchen
5m
11. Bar 12. Dummy Waiter 13. Cafe 14 Female WC 15. Disabled WC 16. Male WC 17. Double Height Plant Room 18. Service Lift 19. Service Entrance 20. Protected Fire Stair 21. Private Entrance / Fire Exit WORKINGDRAWINGS_06_
1.05 TECHNICAL SECTION AA_1:20@A1_
0m
1m
WORKINGDRAWINGS_07_
1.06 DESIGN SECTION BB_1:100@A1_
WORKINGDRAWINGS_08_
1.07 EAST ELEVATION_1:100@A1_
OKATECH Expanded Copper Insulating Glazing.
PROTEUS Perforated Corten Screen.
PILKINGTON ECLIPSE ADVANTAGE Solar Control Low E Glazing.
SAINT-GOBAIN SECURIT Toughened Safety Glass
1500mm x 3250mm x 30mm
1500mm x 1000mm x 30mm
1500mm x 2000mm x 5mm
1500mm x 1500mm x 5mm
WORKINGDRAWINGS_09_
PART B_ STRUCTURE + ENVELOPE_
STRUCTURE+ENVELOPE_10_
2.0 STRUCTURAL PRINCIPLES_ ‘Without Construction there is no architecture. Construction embodies material and its use according to its properties, that is to say stone imposes a different method of construction from iron or concrete’.
Exploded Axonometric Detail_Structural System_
-Aris Konstantindis, Architecture 1964 ‘the structural system of a building is designed and constructed to support and transmit applied gravity and lateral loads safely to the ground without exceeding the allowable stresses in its members’ (Ching,F.D.K: 2008, ch 2.03). Loads imposed upon the structure are categorised as live, dead and wind loads. Dead loads are the static loads which are exerted vertically onto the structure, comprising the weight of the structure itself along with other building elements like the roof, overhangs and cantilevers along with permanent fixtures and equipment. Live loads comprise ‘any moving or moveable loads on a structure resulting from occupancy, collected snow and water or moving equipment’ (Ching,F.D.K: 2008, ch 2.09) typically acting downward the live load may also act horizontally in order to reflect the dynamic nature of a moving load. The third load, wind, are the forces exerted by the ‘kinetic energy of a moving mass of air’ (Ching,F.D.K: 2008, ch 2.03) typically moving in any horizontal direction. The two main structural elements are a building substructure and its superstructure. The substructure refers to the elements below ground level, the ‘underlying structure’ (Ching,F.D.K: 2008, ch 2.03), the function being to transfer the loads from the superstructure safely into the ground. Foundations are the key element in this transfer and are most often constructed from reinforced concrete slabs or piles, dependent upon the ground conditions of the site. The superstructure, a ‘vertical extension of a building above the foundation’ (Ching,F.D.K: 2008, ch 2.03), is defined by three elements, the primary, secondary and tertiary structure. The primary structure comprises the basic structural elements, the ‘columns, beams and load bearing walls’ (Ching,F.D.K: 2008, ch 2.03) which form the overall building frame, along with functional elements like the stairs or roof. During construction it is essential that stairs are fitted as soon as possible to allow for safer vertical circulation while construction of the roof allows for internal works to be carried out promptly. This part of the structural system is the load bearing section and must be constructed to support and withstand the live and dead loads exerted upon it. Secondary structure refers to the functional elements added to the primary structure whose load contributes to the dead loads exerted upon the structure, this can include the building envelope and internal elements such as windows, doors, raised floors, suspended ceilings, roof openings and any other permanent fixture. Tertiary structure can be identified as a structural support system transferring dead loads and relative movement of a cladding system back to the secondary structure.
STRUCTURE+ENVELOPE_11_
2.01 STRUCTURAL PHILOSOPHY_
A framed structure was chosen as the most appropriate structural system for the Young Lit + Phil and assisted in the organisation of spaces by means of a 3000mm structural grid to which each space is proportioned allowing for minimum room areas of 15m2 and a maximum of 90m2. Due to the tight constraints of the site and poor access a steel primary structure would be used, where each universal beam can be prefabricated off site thus resulting in a relatively fast and precise construction of the structural frame.
From the early conception phase of the design it had remained crucial that each level of the building would change in structure in order to articulate a different floor function. This concept began initially with the second floor, housing the business and enterprise incubation units. This floor would hold a separate identity disconnected from the floors below it, in which the volume would appear to both hover above and mimic the dynamic of railway. In order to achieve this it was decided that the second floor would boast a 7000mm cantilever on the north facade housing a viewing box allowing diffuse north light to flood into the building by means of the triple height atrium space.
The ground and first floor are linked by the ‘library spine’ and were initially conceived as one fluid steel structure spanning two storeys, with the first floor mirroring the grid organisation of the accommodation below. However due to the sloping topography and specified requirement to retain the existing boundary wall this ‘tunnelling’ into the ground established the need for the construction of a reinforced concrete retaining wall which would serve to support the boundary wall and form a footing of which to bear the concentrated loads imposed by the 200mm steel I-Beam skeleton.
Precedents_Cantelever_
2.0 BALANCING BARN_ Suffolk_ MVRDV Architects_
2.01 NHOW HOTEL_ BERLIN_ NPS Tchoban Voss_
Developing Structural Articulation_
Articulating Structure_Structureal Breakdown_
Model_Structure_
STRUCTURE+ENVELOPE_12_
2.02 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM_
PRIMARY STRUCTURE_
2.02 Precedents_exposed structure_ ST PETERS CHURCH_ Klippan_Sigurd Lewerentz_
Final Model_ Interior Perspective_ Exposed Structure_
UNIVERSAL STEEL FRAMING SYSTEM_ The primary structure encompasses a steel frame and composite metal floor deck. The steel frame is a typical choice of construction in the UK as it demonstrates specific advantages over other load bearing constructions, these including its high strength to weight ratio, speed of erection and opportunity for a variation of cladding types. Alongside these advantages, the construction itself is less dependent upon weather conditions unlike other methods for example in-situ concrete systems. The decision to incorperate the existing boundary wall into the building design had brought about the need to expose elements of the primary structure to generate a sensitive aesthetic similar to that evidenced in St. Peters Church, Klippan. This framing system is most efficient when following a regularly aligned and proportionate grid. Commonly these grids will not extend beyond 1500mm x 9000mm, this is considered the maximum spacing in relation to effective and efficient structural performance. The structural frame for the Young Lit + Phil has evolved from a regimented 3000mm grid initially used to plot accommodation. This informed an irregular structure across the length of the floorplan from north to south, spanning 5000mm floor to floor height,with universal beams spaced at 0mm, 9000mm, 6000mm, 12000mm, 9000mm, 3000mm and 9000mm centres. Typically the depth of a universal beam should be 1/20th of the span.
Structure_Development_Vierendeel Girder_
VIERENDEEL GIRDER_ The cantilevering second floor brought about a more complex structural system with the fabrication of a vierendeel girder which would be supported by the two storey steel structure below it. The Tata Vierendeel Girder is particularly efficient for spanning long distances and is designed to be a whole storey deep. This particular girder was used as an alternative to the cheaper floor height trussed girder where the diagonal ties would cross door or window openings. ‘ The vierendeel girder has no diagonal members, the shear normally carried by these members being transferred to the bearing by the stiffness of the chords and the vertical members and by the rigid joints connecting them’ (Harrington, R, Foster, J: 2000 p145) The vertical members are located at 3000mm centres as subdivisions of the structural intervals below. This close spacing and stiffness of joints creates a truly rigid member which can withstand the loading and exerted force emitted by the 7000mm cantilever.
Structure_Model_Vierendeel Girder_
Typically a cantilever is structurally possible providing it follows the general rule of thumb, one third overhang for two thirds of the building. STRUCTURE+ENVELOPE_13_
2.02 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM_
COMPOSITE METAL FLOOR DECK_
Concrete Service Core_
Composite construction is a considerably strong and efficient method for floor construction, increasing the strength and stiffness of the steel section allowing for longer spans and the ability to support heavier loads. This construction technique comprises the use of steel beams acting structurally with an in-situ lightly reinforced concrete slab on steel decking which is used as permanent formwork. Commonly laid in bays of a maximum of 9000mm the Tata Slimdeck system means spans of 12000mm to 18000mm can be achieved. This flooring solution is highly economical due to the ablity to accommodate services between the ribs, leading to substantial savings in the cost of the structure. As well as reducing the overall section sizes as the concrete slab acts as the compression flange. The Slimdek components form a stable structure once installed; the decking sheets are fixed to the frame to provide lateral stability and end diaphragms not only ensure that the concrete is contained during placement but resist vertical loading and allow the full shear capacity of the deck to be realised during the construction stage. (tata steel construction design guide)
SERVICE CORE_ The ground floor services, plant room, WCs and fire stairs are constructed using in-situ cast reinforced concrete walls, primarily to provide fire protection. The concrete core containing the fire stairs is continued vertically through the building and is constructed one storey at a time.
THERMAL MASS_
Thermal Mass_
Concrete has a high density and moderate thermal conductivity therefore having a high thermal mass. The 250mm concrete floor slabs and concrete service core contribute to this, acting as a device to regulate internal conditions as heat is both absorbed and released as the temperatures fluctuate.
STRUCTURE+ENVELOPE_14_
2.03 GROUNDWORKS + FOUNDATIONS_AXONOMETRIC DETAIL_1:5@A1_
1.2mm PREPRUFE waterproofing membrane
75mm KINGSPAN KOOLTHERM rigid Insulation 10mm CONREN Light Grey Levelay self smoothing epoxy flooring 20mm Subsoil drainage pipe 300mm In- situ cast reinforced concrete retaining wall 5mm WARMAFLOOR underfloor heating pipes
Bituthene LM waterproofing sealant 300mm - 600mm GRACE CONSTRUCTION concrete raft foundation
600mm in-situ cast reinforced concrete footing
STRUCTURE+ENVELOPE_15_
2.04 GROUNDWORKS + FOUNDATIONS_
Historically the site was used as a ramp to access the main railway line to central station and evidence of the bygone locomotive industry in Gateshead can be identified within the wider context of the site. This must be taken into account with regards to groundworks and foundations as it is likely that historical records of land use and ground conditions are inaccurate or unreliable, it is therefore crucial to conduct a thorough site investigation which will provide the basis for economic, safe design and construction. BS10175 provides recommendations and guidance on the investigation of potentially contaminated sites with framework for identifying, measuring and managing the risks of contamination in soil, ground gas, groundwater and surface water.
BASEMENT CONSTRUCTION_ The sloping topography of the site is usefully developed with the construction of a 2500mm high steel reinforced concrete retaining wall providing both a basement structure and lateral support for the masonry wall. A grade 3 level of protection must be obtained to suit basement use allowing for the required dry environment. This construction is comprised of a tanking system with Prepufe continuous waterproofing membrane surrounding the exterior of the basement to prevent ground water penetration, The retaining wall and ground floor slab are externally insulated with 100mm Kingspan Styrozone, rigid extruded polystyrene insulation.
Due to the sites connection with the railway line, ground excavation could threaten the stability of existing structures as a result of movement due to increased loading on the ground. Building Regulations Approved Document A, loading, states that ‘The building shall be constructed so that the combined dead, imposed and wind loads are sustained and transmitted by it to the ground:(a) safely; and (b) without causing such deflection or deformation of any part of the building, or such movement of the ground. (HM Government: 2010, p7)
LEVEL ACCESS_
UNDERPINNING_
KINGSPANSTRYOZONE N300_Rigid expanded polystyrene insulation_100mm GRACE CONSTRUCTION PREPRUFE_External Waterproofing membrane_1.2mm GRACE CONSTRUCTION RC35 Grade concrete raft foundation_300mm - 500mm
Sheet piling will be used to strut the masonry boundary wall to prevent buckling, while underpinning is carried out, excavating beneath the wall and constructing a new supporting structure below ground, The wall itself will require strengthening by means of regrouting mortar joints and loose rumble or by tying in walls by wall tie rods or prestressing cables (Harrington, R, Foster, J: 2000 p65). A 3000mm x 3000mm opening will be made into north face of the wall and supported by a steel lintel which will carry the load of the msonary above.
Entrance is cited at the north facade adjacent to Wellington Street at ground level as the land slopes by 2500mm to the south facade. SPECIFICATION_
Site Photo_Boundary Wall_
The building foundation will provide a means by which the building loads can be safely transferred to the ground without excessive settlement, providing a means by which forces or movements within the ground can be resisted by the building. (BRE: 2007, p77) The foundation type will depend upon a number of factors, the imposed loads or deformations, ground conditions, economics, buildability and durability. FOUNDATIONS_ Piled raft foundations constructed of in-situ concrete and stiffened with reinforcement bars spread loading across the whole area of the structure reducing differential settlements. the risk of shearing under lateral force is avoided by deepening the section below point loads and casting a toe at each end of the raft. This solution provides both foundations and ground floor slab.
STRUCTURE+ENVELOPE_16_
2.05 WALL TO GLAZING_AXONOMETRIC DETAIL_1:5@A1_
Steel supporting section SHOEK isokorb thermal break insulation Aluminium flashing
5mm OKATECH External thermally treated pane 3mm OKATECH Expanded copper mesh 5mm OKATECH Intermediate thermally treated pane 12mm OKATECH Agron cavity 5mm OKATECH Inner thermally treated pane 200mm perimeter drain 300mm brick masonry 10mm mortar joint 1.2mm PREPRUFE waterproofing membrane 50mm x 30mm Shuffle Glazing Frame 75mm Kingspan Kooltherm rigid Insulation Supporting Splice plate 100mm supporting box section
STRUCTURE+ENVELOPE_17_
2.06 BUILDING ENVELOPE_
Architecture’s basic role within the built environment is centred around the provision of shelter and protection from the elements, this function is encompassed by the building envelope. Approved Building Document C denotes that ‘the floors, walls and roof of the building shall adequately protect the building and people who use the building from harmful effects caused by: ground moisture, precipitation and wind-driven spray, interstitial and surface condensation and spillage of water from or associated with sanitary fittings or fixed appliances.’
PRECEDENT STUDY_
The building skin denotes a transition between inside and out, it is a visual experience playing an especially important role in both the character and identity of a building. The envelope must be designed to satisfy a variety of elements which effect the conditions of internal spaces such as natural lighting and ventilation. The facade is a contemporary yet sensitive response to both the historical identity of the site and the Young lit + Phil notions of science, technology and innovation . By day the internal spaces are concealed behind a translucent curtain which retreats behind the curved masonry wall, while at night the wall fades into darkness revealing a glowing hub of activity within.
Des Moines Library, Iowa, USA, David Chipperfield Architects_ Facade is comprised using triple glazing units with an intigrated metal mesh. The three dimensional quality of the mesh allows for clear views out of the building but reduces the solar gain through the facade by upto 80% reducing the buildings cooling load significantly.
SECONDARY STRUCTURE_OKATECH_ OKATECH_Build Up_
Okalux Okatech wraps around the entire structure spanning the void between the wall and the second floor. Okatech is an armoured laminated glass with residual stability, thus meaning the prevention of complete system failure should one panel be broken. Approved Document N specifies the need for the protection of glazing upon impact in public buildings, denoting that, ‘Glazing, with which people are likely to come into contact whilst moving in or about the building, shall: if broken on impact, break in a way which is unlikely to cause injury; resist impact without breaking; or be shielded or protected from impact.’ The Okatech expanded metal copper low emissivity glazing is comprised of five layers: an external pane made of thermally treated glass followed by a cavity containing the expanded copper mesh, an intermediate pane made of thermally treated glass, a 12mm argon filled cavity providing a U-value of 0.21 and an inner pane made of a thermally treated glass. Panel sizes of this specification can obtain maximum widths of 1580mm and maximum lengths of 4000mm offering efficient solar control as well as privacy screening from outside to inside.
STRUCTURE+ENVELOPE_18_
2.06 BUILDING ENVELOPE_
DOUBLE FACADE_
PRECEDENT STUDY_
In order to articulate the second floor as a separate structure with a different function a double facade was proposed extending 1000mm around the perimeter of the plan proving a canopy over the footpath adjacent to the building. The inner skin consists of pilkington Optiphon glazing housed in ABX Medium Bronze Window Frames. This particular glazing solution incorperates a special PVB interlayer for calculated sound insulation performance without compromising on light transmittance. Initially conceived as a media facade this perforated corten skin is organised as subdivisions of the 3000mm structural grid and 5000mm floor to roof height comprised of 5mm panels, 1500mm x 1000mm. the Proteus corten panels are almost transparent however reduce the amount of light penetrating the windows. The double facade allows the office occupants to have an independent control over there internal environment, should increased daylight, ventilation, or view out of the building be required, Integrated within the skin are mechanically operated retractable awnings which protrude a further 1000mm from the building .
Double Facade_
Pilkington OptiPhon_
Double Facade_Development_
DRAINAGE_ Drainage systems are hidden within the masonry wall channelling excess rainwater away from the facade. Similarly a ground gutter runs parallel to the south and east facade to prevent water penetration through the facade at ground level and to prevent further penetration or wear to the facade a stone skirting is fitted.
STRUCTURE+ENVELOPE_19_
2.07 ROOF_AXONOMETRIC DETAIL_1:5@A1_ 5mm Proteus perforated corten steel panels 10mm Proteus facade aluminium support rail
20mm steel box section 150mm Parapet Steel Splice plate 100mm ECOTHERM Ecobond rigid insulation
2mm BAUDER Thermafol PVC waterproof roof membrane 100mm ECOTHERM Ecobond rigid insulation 2mm BAUDER Polyethylene vapour barrier ABX Medium Bronze T50 Glazing Frame 400mm Box section vierendeel girder 145mm TATA RoofDeck acoustic Linear Tray
12mm PILKINGTON Eclipse advantage Glazing 3mm cavity 200mm KINGSPAN KOOLTHERM Rigid Insulation
STRUCTURE+ENVELOPE_20_
2.08 ROOF_
It is the primary role of the roof to keep the weather out, maintain the comfort of the building occupants and ensure all this is done safely (BRE, 2007 p190). A flat roof is expected to sustain 30 years design life (BRE, 2007 p190) with typical failures occurring at parapet and other abutments where services pass through the membrane while Inclusion and location of vapour control layer is critical to the avoidance of condensation. The roof must be sufficiently strong enough to carry the self weight of the structure together with intermittent live loads.
ROOF PLAN_
The warm deck sandwich roof is compiled of: surface finish, bitumen waterproof covering, rigid insulation, bitumen vapour control layer, structural deck, non ventilated cavity and a suspended internal lining. BRE specifications state that newly built felted flat roofs should be as free as possible from services as this disturbance to the waterproof membrane make it susceptible to water penetration, any service perforations should be adequately capped over upstands to avoid straining and cracking of the membrane (BRE, 2007 p200) Similarly the roof lights have been raised by 200mm so that rain water can be channelled around them and a minimum of two drainage outlets have been provided in case of the event of an accidental blockage.
2mm BAUDER Thermafol PVC waterproof roof membrane 100mm ECOTHERM Ecobond rigid insulation 2mm BAUDER Polyethylene vapour barrier 145mm TATA RoofDeck acoustic Linear Tray
STRUCTURE+ENVELOPE_21_
PART C_ PLANNING + INTERIORS_
PLANNING + INTERIORS_22_
3.0 ACCESSIBILITY_FUNCTION + COMFORT_
FUNCTION + COMFORT_
Site Plan detailing disabled and public parking spaces_
In the UK alone. 1 in 5 people suffer from a disability whether this is sensory or physical, it is therefore crucial that the design planning of internal zones make public space within the building usable by all its occupants, through careful management of accessibility, function and overall comfort. Building Regulations Approved Documents M denotes that ‘reasonable provision shall be made for people to; gain access to; and use the building and its facilities ‘. This required design standard is reinforced by BS 8300 which provides design guidelines to meeting the needs for disabled people.
EXTERNAL_
Approved Document M_Guidance for Disabled Parking + Tactile Surfacing_
External landscaping is carried out with addition of tactile paving, dropped kerbs and the addition of three ticket allocated disabled parking bays adjacent to the building. Due to the minimal parking facilities on site these bays are perhaps too far from the public entrance and other bays could be allocated on Wellinton St. Ticket dispensing machines should be located in a way that allows a wheelchair user to gain access with control panels between 750mm and 1200mm above ground. Approved Document M states that a level approach into the building is required, to satisfy this need Marshall’s Blister concrete tactile paving in neutral is used to indicate a change in level from the road to pavement, providing slip resistance and colour differentiation to the visually impaired.
PLANNING + INTERIORS_23_
3.0 ACCESSIBILITY_FUNCTION + COMFORT_
ENTRANCE_
Entrance design + construction development_
Approved Document M also states that accessible entrances should be clearly sign posted. The public entrance is easily identifyable as a glazed void which punctures through the masonry wall. The entrance is constructed using Saint-Gobain Securit glass which is toughened to sustain impact and designed to fragment should the glass break, reducing the chance of injury. CANOPY_ A 1000mm canopy and 7000mm cantilever of second floor provide a shelter on approach and arrival to the bulding while low energy single leaf automatic doors permit entry into the building. ORIENTATION_ The orientation of the entrance allows for positive internal air pressure when entrance is opened as warm air will tend to flow out rather than wet and dirty air flowing in. Warm air in the entrance area will increase the rate of evaporation, reducing time that floors may be wet as a result of rain, preventing further slip risks.
SURFACES_ Polymer Corduroy hazard strips indicate the change in surface into the building while providing adequate slip resistance. Tactile flooring is laid to coincide with the direction of travel thus providing further accessibility guidance. While intermediate lighting within the draft lobby provides users with a comfortable transition from outside to the inside of the building and caution transfers are located onto glazed panels to prevent hazard upon entry.
PLANNING + INTERIORS_24_
3.0 ACCESSIBILITY_FUNCTION + COMFORT_
CIRCULATION_
Vertical circulation_
SPATIAL STRATEGIES_ Spatial strategies were initially determined by the highly constrained nature of the site. with a minimum width of 8000mm it was crucial from the outset to establish a functioning circulatory system which would service the 45000mm long site. This led to the proposal of a circulation spine which would run the entire length of the site on the west face adjacent to the railway line, to which the required accommodation would branch from. This 3000mm spine would also house the ‘library wall’ reminiscent of the Lit + Phil mezzanine library which surrounds the perimeter of the east wing. This appropriate solution provides a free floor plan by minimising loss of space while serving as an acoustic buffer to noise from the railway, while allowing for an informal dynamic approach to the library function. CIRCULATION SPINE_ The circulation spine allows for 1500mm access route to branching accomodation and a 1500mm vertical circulation access route onto suspended library staircase. Stairs have no more than nine risers without permitting a landing both for rest and access to books. The risers do not exceed 180mm and treads are no shorter than 250mm. A 1000mm high handrail is permitted on the outer side of the staicase, the handrail is aluminium howver is drawn onto a hardwood core for a warmth of feel which increases feeling of safety and reassurance when in use. ENTRY POINTS_ Service entrance and private entrance are located on the south facade for the delivery of goods and maintanence as well as entry for staff and clients or escape in the event of a fire. DOOR SWINGS_ Where appropriate all doors open inward into spaces to maximise circulation space in corridors, with the exception of the disabled access WC which for safety reasons should the occupant fall against the door, it can be opened outward.
Ciculation spine_Circulation core_Entrance/Exits_
SERVICES_ All services are integrated beneath suspended ceilings which are hung from exposed floor deck above.
PLANNING + INTERIORS_25_
3.01 INTERIOR FINISHES_
INTERNAL FINISHES_
Material + Colour Pattern_
Internal finishes were chosen as a contemporary response to existing materiality on and around the context of the site. From the outset it had been a fundamental principle of the design to sensitively reinterprit the historic industrial use of the site however to bring about the interior spaces as much more clinical and hi-tech representation to material uses. WALLS_ Switchable LCD privacy glazing allows for a comfortable working environment within the offices, this translucency further articulates the independence of this floor function to that of the remainder of the building. Perforated white aluminium panels are mounted to internal walls to reflect the exterior materiality within and also providing a clinical backdrop for scientific and technological exhibitions housed within the daylit gallery space. The lightness and neutrality of colours will increase light reflectivity deep within the floorplan. FLOORS_ Interface Intercell space sving modular flooring system is installed into temporary office incubation units, this flooring system allows for easy location, relocation and maintanence of services . Building Standard BS 8300 states that floor surfaces should be slip resistant to give firm foothold and good grip under wet and dry conditions.
LIGHTING_ Natural daylight floods into the key spaces through Okatech laminated glass and double facade allowing diffuse northlight to pass into the Library, Exhibition, I.T + Media space. Light is permitted into the part basement ground floor by means of a triple height atrium space illuminated by both light entry into the north facing viewing bow and by the 4000mm x 9000mm atrium roof light.
Design section showing natural daylight_
Conren Levelay light grey screed laid on the ground and first floor incorperates an antislip aggregate between coats of epoxy resin and is finished with Conren Lapidolith concrete hardener and dustproofer BS 8300 also denotes that changes in floor surface or inclination should be denoted by colour contrast. Gradius aluminium nosings in Nutmeg are fitted to the treads of suspended steel staircase, reducing the risk of accidents on stairs through provision of further slip resistance and high visual colour contrast from grey to orange.
PLANNING + INTERIORS_26_
3.02 INTERIOR FINISHES_MAIN ENTRANCE`_
Existing Brick Wall
MSL Interiors FORO Reception Desk
MSL Interiors UNA Executive Office Chair
Apple iMac 21� Desktop Computer
CCTV Direct CCTV Dome CCTV Camera
Architectural Lighting Airport Downlight
Stephen Holl Sarphatistraat Offices Perforated Metal Wall Panels
Audio Frequency Induction Loop System
Springboard Design Ltd. Suspended Staircase Custom Staircase
Alias 005 Modular Bookcase
PLANNING + INTERIORS_27_
3.02 INTERIOR FINISHES_OFFICE_
ABX ARCHITECTURAL BRONZE T50 MEDIUM Bronze Window Frame
INTERFACE INTERCELL Space Saving Modular Flooring System
ESG POLYVISION SWITCHABLE LCD PRIVACY GLASS Partition Wall
GDK METAL FABRICS LUNA Stainless Steel Partition
MSL INTERIORS CITY Executive Office Desk + Partitions
MSL INTERIORS FORMAT Multiway Office Chair
ANGLEPOISE TYPE75 Anglepoise with Desk Clamp
PROTEUS PERFORATED CORTEN Double Facade PLANNING + INTERIORS_28_
3.03 FIRE STRATEGIES_
FIRE STRATEGIES_
Protected Fire Stair_Fire Curtain_Smoke detector_Alarm panel_
Approved Document B provides guidance on facilitating design to prevent the spread of fire within a building. This set of documents encompasses information on; means of warning and escape, prevention of internal fire spread, prevention of external fire spread as well as access and facilities for the fire service. ALARM_ The primary role in the event of a fire is to raise alarm. Smoke detectors are fitted into each room of the building and are connected back to a fire control panel located by the public entrance as this is easy identifyable and accessible to fire brigade when they arrive to the emergency. The alarm is raised both using sound and light, emergency lighting will guide occupants along the circulation spine to either the fire stair core or internal stair whereby external exit can made via the safest emergency fire exit. The operation of lifts during the event of a fire is strictly prohibited. OCCUPANCY_ The estimated occupancy of libraries permit 5m2 per person, the Young Lit + Phil could therefore hold a maximum of 360 people, however it is estimated that a maximum capacity of 80 people per storey is not exceeded. Approved Document B indicates that a maximum travel distance im a three storey premisis with a single stair to each storey is 18m. As a result of circulation planning to maximise use of floorplan the young lit and phil does not comply with this rule. REFUGE POINTS_ Similarly the requirement to house a safety refuge point in a protected stair is not met, Approved Document B states that “A refuge should be provided for each protected stairway affording egress from each storey.� (HM Government: 2006, p. 44) This will provide a safe area where wheelchair users can await assistance and should be atleast 900mm x 1400mm. SOLUTIONS_ Once the alarm is raised and the occupants are evacuated to a safe fire assembly point nearby operations to prevent internal spread of fire both throughout the structure and lining are underway. Fire curtains concealed above the double and triple height atrium spaces are suspended to deter the spread of fire from storey to storey. Fire extinguishers and blankets can also be located can be accessed during the event of a small fire. Fire stop grills in ventillation shafts slow the transfer of smoke and fire to other floors while fire resistant ductwork and services acts similarly. The 300mm concrete retaining wall and 250mm concrete service block offer upto 90 minutes fire protection while the kingspan kooltherm insulation board will too resist the effect of fire preading. Both of these materials have a 0 fire rating. The entire steel structure is exposed and unlike concrete does not perform well under fire which will threaten the entire structural integrity of the building. The I-Beams and Vierendeel girder will be coated in Promat Cafco Sprayfilm, a water based intumescent coating which can provide upto 180 minutes fire protection. PLANNING + INTERIORS_29_
3.04 CRITICAL RESPONSE_
The fundamental flaw with the fire strategy for the Young lit and Phil is its failure to comply with approved safety escape distances. Almost one half of the second storey is without a vertical escape route as the lift cannot be used. POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS_ - The library staircase could be extended another storey incorperating another mezzanine library level in which to provide an escape. This however would permit public occupancy within private office zone - Installation of an external fire escape onto Wellington St. Unattractive aesthetic. - Integration of access points onto the unused railway platform - A refuge point must be accomodated for in the protected fire stair - Further solutions to prevent open wide spread of fire along circulation spine
PLANNING + INTERIORS_30_
PART D_ ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE_
ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE_31_
4.0 PROJECT BRIEF_
- Brief is set and the site is assessed. - Thorough site investigation is conducted to assess the ground conditions and historical use of the brownfield site in order to carry out the appropriate groundwork and foundation Construction. - The tight constraints of the site will limit plant accessibility and storage, so will utilise the provision of ‘JIT’ (just in time) delivery where possible. - Pedestrian and vehicle access to neighbouring zones, adjacent buildings and car parks will be restricted during construction. - Access to Hudson Road will be limited. - Railway services may also be halted during construction hours.
ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE_32_
4.01 SITE APPRAISAL + PREPARATION_
- Planning permission is granted and protection areas are identified: Railway Platform, Retaining wall + Neighbouring Building - Construction access, entrance/exit, routes + parking are identified - Erection of fencing + perimeter control to restrict public access. - Hard hat zone established. - Vehicle + Pedestrian routes are redirected, with closure of Hudson St. - Arrangement of site accomodation: Porta cabins, Porta Loos, Skip and secure containers. - Site + Ground survey. - Site investigation bore holes are drilled into the ground to test the ground conditions for contaminants and to determine foundation design. - Structural integrity of boundary wall and railway are assessed. - Site levels and measurements taken. - Marking out for excavation.
ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE_33_
4.02 GROUNDWORKS_
- Required plant arrives on site - Adjacent roads are closed - Temporary sheet piling provides lateral support to masonry boundary wall - Site excavation behind the wall begins - Railway line and boundary wall are underpinned - Structural repair work to boudary wall is carried out with the regrouting of mortar joints and addition of wall ties. - Subsoil is removed and site is levelled - Marking out of trenches for foundations and drainage.
ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE_34_
4.03 FOUNDATIONS_
- Trenches for foundations are excavated and drainage systems are fitted - Reinforced in-situ cast bored piles are installed and the ground is prepared with the grading of sand and gravel - Bituthene LM is used to seal piles while KINGSPAN STYROZONE rigid insulation and PREPRUFE waterproofing membrane are laid - Reinforcement cages are lowered into position + foundation formwork is constructed
ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE_35_
4.04 STRUCTURE_GROUNF FLOOR SLAB_
- Cement mixer arrives on site to pump the in-situ concrete into the formwork constructing the 600mm raft foundation and footings + ground floor slab. - Concrete slab is covered with an impermeable membrane and left to cure for an estimated 28 days.
ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE_36_
4.05 STRUCTURE_GROUND FLOOR_
- Foundations and ground floor slab are cured to 90% their compressive strength thus allowing the next phases of construction to go ahead. - Further plywood formwork is erected in preparation for the pouring of the retaining wall, service block, fire exit and maintenance entrance. thus providing fire exits from the building during construction. - Incision is made into wall and a steel lintel is erected to support the weight of the masonry above permitting an entrance into the site - Acrow props support entrance - Further reinforcement cages are dropped into formwork and the concrete is poured
ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE_37_
4.06 STRUCTURE_FIRST FLOOR_
- Arrival of crane, cherry picker and related plant on site. - Erection of steel frame as I beams are craned into position and bolted into position - Erection of acrow props to support construction of composite metal floor deck - Precast concrete stairs are lowered and fixed into place to allow for safer circulation of the building - Tata Slimdeck is craned into bays and secured to steel frame allowing for voids to accommodate atrium spaces, lift shaft and internal stair. - Concrete is poured onto metal floor decks and left to cure - Voids in the floordeck are cordened off and MANSAFE SYSTEMS are established to prevent accidental falls from height - Erection of formwork and pouring of concrete for stair core. - Scaffolding is erected
ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE_38_
4.07 STRUCTURE_SECOND FLOOR_
- Erection of acrow props - Tata Slimdeck composite floor and concrete stair core are constructed simultaneously. - TATA Vierendeel girder arrives on site and is craned and bolted into position. - During this construction phase Railway services are halted due to close proximity to the railway line and further road closure could be made to accommodate the necessary span and radius of Cranage.
ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE_39_
4.08 STRUCTURE_SECONDARY STRUCTURE_
- Construction site boundaries are expanded to allow for safer access and operation of machinery. Access to residential properties beyond half moon lane is redirected. - TATA acoustic linear roofdeck is craned into position with prefabricated incisions for roof lights - In-situ concrete poured onto roofdeck - In-situ work is complete - Raised glazing frames are craned and fitted into rooflights. - Acrow props removed - ABX Medium Bronze window frames are craned and fixed into position on the second floor and shuffle glazing channels are fitted on the ground and first floor - Construction of double facade - Proteus aluminium cladding support rails are secured to virendeel truss and aluminium grating is secured to the frame
ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE_40_
4.09 CLADDING + GLAZING_
- Roof construction - 100mm Ecotherm rigid insulation is laid on the roof and Pilkington Eclipse advantage glazing is fitted into rooflights. - Pilkington Optiphon acoustic glazing is fitted into ABX medium bronze window frames and into stair cores. - Okatech expanded copper mesh laminated glass is fitted into shuffle glazing channels. panel sizes 1500mm x 3250mm x 30mm - All glazing work is sealed - Proteus perforated Corten panels 1500mm x 1000mm x 5mm, are hooked and secured onto double facade aluminium framework. - Skirting is fitted to avoid water penetration and general wear to facade. - Erection of internal stud work - First fix plumbing, mechanical and electrical
ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE_41_
4.10 INTERNAL FIT OUT_
- Completion of external cladding and roof construction - Scaffolding is removed - Installation of raised floors and suspended ceilings for services - Second fix of mechanical and electrical - Erection of SAINT-GOBAIN Securit frameless entrance and lift shaft. - Installation of fire doors, service lift and suspended steel staircase - Mechanical and electrical systems are tested and identification and resolution of design and constructional defects are identified. - Completion of external work and construction - Plant accommodation and equipment are removed from site and site is cleaned - Regained vehicle and pedestrian access
ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE_42_
4.11 COMPLETION_
- Internal fit out of necessary equipment, furniture and finishes are complete - Further testing of mechanical systems is carried out - Building is handed over to the client - Opening of Young Lit + Phil:Centre for Enterprise under a 6 month defect liability period - Further maintenance is ongoing and aided by the provision on Mansafe Systems
ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE_43_
PART E_ REFERENCES + BIBLIOGRAPHY_
REFERENCES + BIBLIOGRAPHY_44_
5.0 REFERENCES_
BRE (2007) Designing quality buildings: A BRE guide. Watford: IHS BRE Press. Ching, FDK. (2007) Architecture: Form, space and order. 3rd edn. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Carpenter, J. Lazarus, D. Perkins, C. (2006). Safer Surfaces to Walk on: Reducing the risk of Slipping. London: CIRCIA. Harrington, R. Foster, J.F. (2000) Mitchell’s Structure and Fabric, 6th ed. Essex: Pearson education Ltd. HM Government (2010) Approved Document Part A, Structure. Available at: www.planningportal.gov.uk/up- loads/br/BR_PDF_ AD_A_2010.PDF (Accessed: 10 March 2012) HM Government (2004) Approved Document Part C, Site preparation and resistance to contaminates and moisture. Available at: www. planningportal.gov.uk/uploads/br/BR_PDFs_ADC_2004.pdf HM Government (2006) Approved Document Part B, Fire Safety, Volume 2 - Buildings Other Than Dwelllinghouses. Available at: www. planningportal.gov.uk/uploads/br/AD_B_v2_wm.pdf HM Government (2004) Approved Document Part M, Access To And Use Of Buildings. Available at: www.plan- ningportal.gov.uk/uploads/br/BR_PDF_ADM_2004.pdf HM Government (2004) Approved Document Part N, Glazing Safety in relation to impact, opening and cleaning. Available at: http:// www.planningportal.gov.uk/uploads/br/BR_PDF_AD_N_2010.pdf
REFERENCES _45_
5.01 BIBLIOGRAPHY_
Baden-Powell, C (1997) Architect’s Pocket Book. Oxford: Architectural Press. Bizley, G (2010) Architecture in Detail II. Oxford: Architectural Press. BRE (2007) Designing quality buildings: A BRE guide. Watford: IHS BRE Press. Carpenter, J. Lazarus, D. Perkins, C. (2006). Safer Surfaces to Walk on: Reducing the risk of Slipping. London: CIRCIA. Ching, FDK. (2007) Architecture: Form, space and order. 3rd edn. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Details (2001) Building Skins: Concepts. Layers. Materials. Australia: Images Publishing Group. Fleming, E (2007) Construction Technology: an illustrated Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Group. Harrington, R. Foster, J.F. (2000) Mitchell’s Structure and Fabric, 6th ed. Essex: Pearson education Ltd. Herzog, T (2002) Architecture and Technology. Munich: Prestel. Kaltenbach, F (2004) Translucent Materials: Glass, Plastic, Metals. Munich: Wesel-Kommunikation. Leatherbarrow, D (2002) Uncommon ground: architecture, technology and topography. London: MIT Press. Lewis, J.O. (1999) A Green Vitruvius: Principles and Practice of Sustainable Architectural Design. London: James & James. Schittich, C (ed.) (2006) Building Skins. Basel: Birkhauser. Weston, R (2003) Materials, Form and Architecture. London: Laurence King. HM Government (2010) Approved Document Part A, Structure. Available at: www.planningportal.gov.uk/up- loads/br/BR_PDF_AD_A_2010.PDF (Accessed: 10 March 2012) (Accessed 18.02.13) HM Government (2004) Approved Document Part C, Site preparation and resistance to contaminates and moisture. Available at: www.planningportal.gov.uk/ uploads/br/BR_PDFs_ADC_2004.pdf (Accessed 26.02.13) HM Government (2006) Approved Document Part B, Fire Safety, Volume 2 - Buildings Other Than Dwelllinghouses. Available at: www.planningportal.gov.uk/ uploads/br/AD_B_v2_wm.pdf (Accessed 14.01.13) HM Government (2004) Approved Document Part M, Access To And Use Of Buildings. Available at: www.plan- ningportal.gov.uk/uploads/br/BR_PDF_ ADM_2004.pdf (Accessed 20.01.13) HM Government (2004) Approved Document Part N, Glazing Safety in relation to impact, opening and cleaning. Available at: http://www.planningportal.gov.uk/ uploads/br/BR_PDF_AD_N_2010.pdf (01.03.13)
BIBLIOGRAPHY_46_
5.02 IMAGES_
*all own images unless stated otherwise Part A_WORKING DRAWINGS_ Kunsthaus, Bregenz, Peter Zumthor. - www.mimoa.eu/images/440_l.jpg - Felicia Davidson, 2012. (accessed 26.02.13) Kunsthaus, Bregenz, Peter Zumthor. - www.eikongraphia.com/wordpress/wp-content/Peter%20Zumthor%20-%20Bregenz%20kunsthaus_2002%20Wikipedia.jpg - Markus Treller, 2006. (accessed 26.02.13) Des Moines Public Library, Iowa, David Chipperfield. - www.architypereview.com/8-libraries/projects/44-des-moines-public-library - Farshid Assassi, 2012. (accessed 26.02.13) Des Moines Public Library, Iowa, David Chipperfield. - www.architypereview.com/8-libraries/projects/44-des-moines-public-library - Farshid Assassi, 2012. (accessed 26.02.13) Sarphatistraat Offices, Holland, Steven Holl. - www.stevenholl.com/media/files/155/155BE01PW---W-PROJECT-HORIZ.jpg - Paul Warchol, 2000. (accessed 26.02.13) Sarphatistraat Offices, Holland, Steven Holl. - www.paperny.com/holl/SarphatistraatOfficesInterior_BIG.jpg - Paul Warchol, 2000. (accessed 26.02.13) Part B_STRUCTURE + ENVELOPE_ Balancing Barn, Suffolk, MVRDV Architects. - www.dezeen.com/2010/10/14/balancing-barn-by-mvrdv-and-mole-architects-photographed-by-edmund-sumner/ - Edmund Summer (accessed 17.02.13) Nhow Hotel, Berlin, NPS Tchoban Voss. - www.dezeen.com/2011/07/18/nhow-hotel-berlin-by-nps-tchoban-voss/ (accessed 02.02.13) St. Peters Church, Klippan, Sigurd Lewerentz - www.farm3.static.flickr.com/2029/2537476484_59d5ffa84f.jpg - (accessed 02.03.13) Part C_PLANNING + INTERIORS_ i6 Building, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne , Sadler Brown Architects. - www.sadlerbrown.co.uk/media/projects/18-l2.jpg Sarphatistraat Offices, Amsterdam. Steven Holl Architects. -www.archweb.it/dwg/Particolari_costruttivi/rivestimenti_facciate/riv_metallo/Riv_Pavillion_holl.jpg (accessed 14.01.13) Signal Box, Basel, Herzog + de Meuron. - www.heren5.nl/ul/cms/opp/images/1/4/9/1149/large/1149.jpg (accessed 14.01.13) The Wyckoff Exchange, New York, Andre Kikoski Architect. - www.dezeen.com/2011/01/25/the-wyckoff-exchange-by-andre-kikoski-architect/ (accessed 14.01.13) Moderna Museet Malmo, Sweden , Tham + Videgard. -www.dezeen.com/2010/04/08/moderna-museet-malmoo-by-tham-videgaard-arkitekter/ (accessed 14.01.13)
IMAGES_47_
5.03 MANUFACTURERS_
ABX ARCHITECTURAL BRONZE_ T50 MEDIUM Bronze Window Frame
ECOTHERM_ ECOBOND_ Rigid Insulation
ACO WATER MANAGEMENT_ ACO RAIN DRAIN Hidden Gutter + Grate
GRACE CONSTRUCTION PREPRUFE External Waterproofing for below ground structures
ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING_ AIRPORT Suspended Downlight
GRADIUS_ TRADITIONAL CT Aluminium Stair Nosing
ALIAS_ 005 Modular Bookcase
INTERFACE_ INTERCELL Space Saving Modular Flooring System
ANGLEPOISE_ TYPE75 Desk Clamp Anglepoise
JP POLYMER SHEETINGS LTD_ CORDUROY HAZARD WARNING SURFACE
BAUDER POLYETHYLENE VCL Vapour Barrier. BAUDER_ THERMOFOL Roofing Membrane CONREN_ LEVELAY HD Self Smoothing Epoxy Flooring System CONREN_ LAPIDOLITH Concrete Hardener + Dustproofer DML_ 01/305 Aluminium Ballustrade with Hardwood Core
KINGSPAN_ STYROZONE Rigid extruded polystyrene insulation for basements MARSHALLS_ STANDARD NEUTRAL Concrete Tactile Paving MSL INTERIORS_ CITY Executive Office Desk + Partitions MSL INTERIORS_ FORO Executive Reception Desk MSL INTERIORS_ UNA Executive Office Chair
MANUFACTURERS_48_
5.03 MANUFACTURERS_
MSL INTERIORS_ FORMAT Executive Office Chair PILKINGTON_ ECLIPSE ADVANTAGE Low Emissitivity + Solar Control Glass PILKINGTON_ OPTIPHON Laminated glass for transparent noise insulation
TATA_ VIERENDEEL GIRDER TORMAX_ LINEAR 1 LEAF Automatic Sliding Door System WARMAFLOOR_ TACKER SYSTEM Underfloor Heating + Cooling
PROMAT_ CAFCO SPRAYFILM WB2 Intumescent Coating OKALUX_ OKATECH Insulating Glass with Metal Interlayer SAINT-GOBAIN_ SECURIT Toughened Safety Glass SPRINGBOARD DESIGN LTD_ SUSPENDED STEEL STAIRCASE TATA_ ROOFDECK_ Acoustic Steel Linear Roof Deck TATA_ SLIMDECK SYSTEM Structural Steel Floor Deck TATA_ I SECTION Universal Steel Beam MANUFACTURERS_49_
PART F_ TECHNICAL APPENDIX_
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_50_
ABX ARCHITECTURAL BRONZE_
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_51_
ACO WATER MANAGEMENT_
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_52_
AIRPORT_
ALIAS_
Agile and sturdy, the modular supporting structure of the system is made of extruded aluminium profiles, with die-cast elements. The shelves, drawers and flap doors are made of sheet steel stove enamelled in different colours: white, black, ochre, grey and graphite grey. Glass shelves can be had in three versions: transparent, printed, green. Methacrylate panels and sliding panels can be: black sandblasted on both faces, transparent, natural sandblasted, green sandblasted, transparent red, clear smoky black and white. This elements are also available in the wengĂŠ and whitened oak veneered finishes.
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_53_
ANGLEPOISE_
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_54_
BAUDER_
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_55_
CONREN_
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_56_
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_57_
CONREN_
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_58_
DML
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_59_
ECOTHERM_
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_60_
ESG
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_61_
GKD METAL FABRICS_
MANSAFE_
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_62_
GRACE CONSTRUCTION_
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_63_
GRADIUS_
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_64_
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_65_
INTERCELL_
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_66_
JP POLYMER SHEET LININGS LIMITED_
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_67_
KINGSPAN_
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_68_
MARSHALLS_
MSL INTERIORS_
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_69_
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_70_
MSL INTERIORS_
With its iconic design this Una executive chair range is both visually striking and comfortably practicable. The UNA contemporary executive chair has a polished die cast aluminium frame and base giving this seating range presence and panache. With its unique flexible self-supporting back and seat upholstered in breathable mesh, this modern executive chair range combines design and spinal comfort with ease. Effortlessly bringing luxury and italian style to executive interior spaces, this iconic designer executive chair is understandably popular with the design and specifier community alike.
The new Foro reception desk offers a clean, fresh design coupled with high quality materials used in its construction. The elegant and contemporary reception desk design sees a low level DDA section incorporated into the unit as standard and can be either left or right handed dependant on you reception scheme.
Synchro mechanism Height and weight adjustable functions Choice of fabric or leather upholstery Base & back height adjustment Painted and polished finishes Meeting & conference chairs available 5 year warranty as standard
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_71_
MSL INTERIORS_
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_72_
OKALUX_
PROTEUS_
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_73_
PROMAT_
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_74_
10 mm + 6 mm panes
8 mm + 6 mm panes
6 mm + 6 mm panes
Argon (90%)
Total
Short wavelength
g-value (Total transmittance)
Absorptance
Reflectance
Direct transmittance
Reflectance
Transmittance (LT) %
Outer Pane
Pilkington Suncool™ - superior solar control with thermal insulation (low-e) 6 mm 70/40
70
0.10
0.38
0.28
0.34
0.43
0.44
0.49
1.1
70/43 (33 dB)
69/41 (36 dB)
68/40 (40 dB)
6 mm 70/35
69
0.16
0.34
0.35
0.31
0.37
0.39
0.43
1.0
69/37 (33 dB)
68/37 (36 dB)
67/36 (40 dB)
6 mm 66/33
65
0.16
0.32
0.35
0.33
0.36
0.37
0.41
1.0
65/36 (33 dB)
64/35 (36 dB)
64/35 (40 dB)
6 mm 60/30
59
0.19
0.29
0.36
0.35
0.32
0.33
0.37
1.0
59/32 (33 dB)
58/32 (38 dB)
57/31 (40 dB)
CI/Sf/B
6 mm Silver 50/30
49
0.39
0.28
0.43
0.29
0.31
0.32
0.36
1.0
49/31 (33 dB)
49/31 (36 dB)
48/30 (40Ro6 dB) (31)
6 mm Blue 50/27
49
0.19
0.25
0.34
0.41
0.28
0.29
0.32
1.1
49/28 (33 dB)
49/28 (36 dB)
48/27 (40 dB)
(M5)
December 2012
6 mm 50/25
49
0.18
0.24
0.33
0.43
0.27
0.28
0.31
1.0
49/27 (33 dB)
49/27 (36 dB)
48/26 (40 dB)
6 mm 40/22
39
0.20
0.19
0.35
0.46
0.23
0.22
0.26
1.1
39/23 (33 dB)
39/22 (36 dB)
38/22 (40 dB)
6 mm 30/17
30
0.25
0.15
0.37
0.48
0.18
0.17
0.21
1.1
30/18 (33 dB)
29/18 (36 dB)
29/18 (40 dB)
Pilkington Suncool™ OW (low iron) - superior solar control with thermal insulation (low-e) 6 mm 70/40
71
0.10
0.40
0.39
0.21
0.45
0.46
0.52
1.1
71/45 (33 dB)
71/44 (36 dB)
71/44 (40 dB)
6 mm 70/35
71
0.16
0.35
0.47
0.18
0.39
0.40
0.45
1.0
71/39 (33 dB)
70/38 (36 dB)
70/38 (40 dB)
6 mm 66/33
67
0.17
0.34
0.47
0.19
0.37
0.39
0.43
1.0
67/37 (33 dB)
™ Table 1 – Pilkington Insulight Sun – Double Glazing Units 6 mm 60/30 61 0.20 0.30 0.49 0.21 0.34 0.34 0.39 1.0 61/34 (33 dB) mm Blue 50/27 51 0.28 0.29 ™0.20 6 6mm Pilkington Optifloat Clear0.26 inner 0.46 pane and 51 0.19 0.25 0.44 0.31 0.28 166 mm mm50/25 argon-filled cavity, unless otherwise indicated.
66/37 (36 dB)
66/37 (40 dB)
60/33 (36 dB)
60/33 (40 dB)
0.30
0.33
1.1
51/29 (33 dB)
51/29 (36 dB)
50/29 (40 dB)
0.29
0.32
1.0
51/28 (33 dB)
50/28 (36 dB)
50/28 (40 dB)
6 mm 40/22
40
0.21
0.20
0.46
0.34
0.23
0.23
0.26
1.1
40/23 (33 dB)
40/23 (33 dB)
40/23 (40 dB)
6 mm 30/17
31
0.27
0.16
0.50
0.34
0.19
0.18
0.22
1.1
31/19 (33 dB)
31/19 (36 dB)
30/19 (40 dB)
Solar control with thermal insulation (low-e)
Pilkington Activ Suncool™ (self-cleaning) - superior solar control with thermal insulation (low-e) 65 65
0.16 Light 0.21
0.36 0.32
0.38 0.26 0.40 Solar Radiant Heat 0.44 0.24 0.35
0.41 0.46 Shading Coefficient 0.37 0.40
1.1 U value 2 (W/m 1.0 K)
65/40 (33 dB) 65/39 (36 dB) 64/39 (40 dB) Performance inc. acoustic Transmittance / g-value (Rw(40 ) dB) 65/35 Light (33 dB) 64/35 (36 dB) 64/34
0.25
0.34
0.36
0.39
1.0
61/33 (34Pane dB) thickness 61/33 (36 dB) 60/33 (40 dB) combinations
0.32
0.30
0.31
0.34
1.0
56/30 (33 dB)
55/30 (36 dB)
54/29 (40 dB)
6 mm Silver 50/30
47
0.42
0.27
0.52
0.21
0.30
0.31
0.34
1.0
47/30 (33 dB)
47/30 (36 dB)
46/29 (40 dB)
0.37 0.39
0.24
0.24
0.44
0.32
0.23
0.23
0.42
0.35
0.21
0.22
0.24
Argon (90%)
0.44 0.46
47
47
1.1
37/21 (33 dB)
37/21 (36 dB)
36/21 (40 dB)
0.17
0.17
0.20
1.1
28/17 (33 dB)
28/17 (36 dB)
28/17 (40 dB)
0.27
0.28
0.31
1.1
47/27 (33 dB)
46/27 (36 dB)
46/26 (40 dB)
0.26
0.26
0.30
1.0
47/26 (33 dB)
46/25 (36 dB)
46/25 (40 dB)
Total
0.19 0.15
Absorptance
Transmittance (LT) %
0.25 0.30
Reflectance
37
28
Reflectance
6 mm 40/20 6 mm 30/17
6 mm Blue 50/27 6 mm 50/25
10 mm + 6 mm panes
0.44 0.41
8 mm + 6 mm panes
0.31 0.27
6 mm + 6 mm panes
0.21 0.24
g-value (Total transmittance)
61 56
Direct transmittance
6 mm 66/33 6 mm 60/30
Short wavelength
6 mm 70/40 Product Description 6 mm 70/35
Outer Pane
PILKINGTON_
™ SuncoolAdvantage - superior ™solar control with thermal ™insulation Pilkington Eclipse + Pilkington Optitherm S3 inner (low-e) pane - solar control + thermal insulation
6 mm 70/40 Clear
70 59
0.10 0.28
0.38 0.37
0.28 0.27
0.34 0.36
0.43 0.45
0.44 0.43
0.49 0.52
1.1
70/43 59/45 (33 dB)
69/41N/A (36 dB)
68/40N/A (40 dB)
6 mm 70/35 Blue-Green
69 50
0.16 0.20
0.34 0.26
0.35 0.14
0.31 0.60
0.37 0.32
0.39 0.30
0.43 0.37
1.0 1.1
69/37 50/32 (33 dB)
68/37N/A (36 dB)
67/36N/A (40 dB)
6 mm 66/33 Bronze
65 33
0.16 0.12
0.32 0.22
0.35 0.13
0.33 0.65
0.36 0.28
0.37 0.25
0.41 0.32
1.0 1.1
65/36 33/28 (33 dB)
64/35N/A (36 dB)
64/35N/A (40 dB)
6 mm 60/30 Grey
59 28
0.19 0.10
0.29 0.19
0.36 0.11
0.35 0.70
0.32 0.25
0.33 0.22
0.37 0.29
1.0 1.1
59/32 28/25 (33 dB)
58/32N/A (38 dB)
57/31N/A (40 dB)
6 mm Silver 50/30 EverGreen 6 mm Blue Arctic50/27 Blue
49 42
0.39 0.17
0.28 0.19
0.43 0.10
0.29 0.71
0.31 0.25
0.32 0.22
0.36 0.29
1.0 1.1
49/31 42/25 (33 dB)
49/31N/A (36 dB)
48/30N/A (40 dB)
49 34
0.19 0.13
0.25 0.18
0.34 0.09
0.41 0.73
0.28 0.24
0.29 0.21
0.32 0.28
1.1
49/28 34/24 (33 dB)
49/28N/A (36 dB)
48/27N/A (40 dB)
6 mm 50/25 49 0.18 0.24S3 inner 0.33 0.27 0.28insulation 0.31 Pilkington Solar- E Clear + Pilkington Optitherm pane - 0.43 solar control + thermal ™
6 6 mm mm 40/22 Pilkington Solar- E™ Clear 6 mm 30/17
™
39 52 30
0.20 0.10 0.25
0.19 0.32 0.15
0.35 0.11 0.37
0.46 0.57 0.48
0.23 0.39 0.18
0.22 0.37 0.17
0.26 0.45 0.21
1.0
49/27 (33 dB)
49/27 (36 dB)
48/26 (40 dB)
1.1 1.1 1.1
39/23 (33 dB) 52/39 (33 dB) 30/18 (33 dB)
39/22 (36 dB) N/A 29/18 (36 dB)
38/22 (40 dB) N/A 29/18 (40 dB)
Pilkington Suncool™ OW (low iron) - superior solar control with thermal insulation (low-e) 6 mm 70/40
71
0.10
0.40
0.39
0.21
0.45
0.46
0.52
1.1
71/45 (33 dB)
71/44 (36 dB)
71/44 (40 dB)
6 mm 70/35
71
0.16
0.35
0.47
0.18
0.39
0.40
0.45
1.0
71/39 (33 dB)
70/38 (36 dB)
70/38 (40 dB)
6 mm 66/33
67
0.17
0.34
0.47
0.19
0.37
0.39
0.43
1.0
67/37 (33 dB)
66/37 (36 dB)
66/37 (40 dB)
6 mm 60/30
61
0.20
0.30
0.49
0.21
0.34
0.34
0.39
1.0
61/34 (33 dB)
60/33 (36 dB)
60/33 (40 dB)
6 mm Blue 50/27
51
0.20
0.26
0.46
0.28
0.29
0.30
0.33
1.1
51/29 (33 dB)
51/29 (36 dB)
50/29 (40 dB)
6 mm 50/25
51
0.19
0.25
0.44
0.31
0.28
0.29
0.32
1.0
51/28 (33 dB)
50/28 (36 dB)
50/28 (40 dB)
6 mm 40/22
40
0.21
0.20
0.46
0.34
0.23
0.23
0.26
1.1
40/23 (33 dB)
40/23 (33 dB)
40/23 (40 dB)
6 mm 30/17
31
0.27
0.16
0.50
0.34
0.19
0.18
0.22
1.1
31/19 (33 dB)
31/19 (36 dB)
30/19 (40 dB)
Pilkington Activ Suncool™ (self-cleaning) - superior solar control with thermal insulation (low-e) 6 mm 70/40
65
0.16
0.36
0.38
0.26
0.40
0.41
0.46
1.1
65/40 (33 dB)
65/39 (36 dB)
64/39 (40 dB)
6 mm 70/35
65
0.21
0.32
0.44
0.24
0.35
0.37
0.40
1.0
65/35 (33 dB)
64/35 (36 dB)
64/34 (40 dB)
6 mm 66/33
61
0.21
0.31
0.44
0.25
0.34
0.36
0.39
1.0
61/33 (34 dB)
61/33 (36 dB)
60/33 (40 dB)
6 mm 60/30
56
0.24
0.27
0.41
0.32
0.30
0.31
0.34
1.0
56/30 (33 dB)
55/30 (36 dB)
54/29 (40 dB)
6 mm Silver 50/30
47
0.42
0.27
0.52
0.21
0.30
0.31
0.34
1.0
47/30 (33 dB)
47/30 (36 dB)
46/29 (40 dB)
6 mm Blue 50/27
47
0.24
0.24
0.44
0.32
0.27
0.28
0.31
1.1
47/27 (33 dB)
46/27 (36 dB)
46/26 (40 dB)
6 mm 50/25
47
0.23
0.23
0.42
0.35
0.26
0.26
0.30
1.0
47/26 (33 dB)
46/25 (36 dB)
46/25 (40 dB)
6 mm 40/20
37
0.25
0.19
0.44
0.37
0.21
0.22
0.24
1.1
37/21 (33 dB)
37/21 (36 dB)
36/21 (40 dB)
6 mm 30/17
28
0.30
0.15
0.46
0.39
0.17
0.17
0.20
1.1
28/17 (33 dB)
28/17 (36 dB)
28/17 (40 dB)
Pilkington Eclipse Advantage + Pilkington Optitherm S3 inner pane - solar control + thermal insulation ™
™
6 mm Clear
59
0.28
0.37
0.27
0.36
0.45
0.43
0.52
1.1
59/45 (33 dB)
N/A
N/A
6 mm Blue-Green
50
0.20
0.26
0.14
0.60
0.32
0.30
0.37
1.1
50/32 (33 dB)
N/A
N/A
6 mm Bronze
33
0.12
0.22
0.13
0.65
0.28
0.25
0.32
1.1
33/28 (33 dB)
N/A
N/A
6 mm Grey
28
0.10
0.19
0.11
0.70
0.25
0.22
0.29
1.1
28/25 (33 dB)
N/A
N/A
6 mm EverGreen
42
0.17
0.19
0.10
0.71
0.25
0.22
0.29
1.1
42/25 (33 dB)
N/A
N/A
6 mm Arctic Blue
34
0.13
0.18
0.09
0.73
0.24
0.21
0.28
1.1
34/24 (33 dB)
N/A
N/A
1.1
52/39 (33 dB)
N/A
N/A
Pilkington OptiphonTM – Laminated glass for transparent noise insulation. Pilkington OptiphonTM is the ideal choice of glass in situations where there is excess noise from road, rail or air traffic, or various other sources, for example factories or nightclubs. By using a special PVB (PolyVinyl Butyral) interlayer, Pilkington OptiphonTM is a high quality acoustic laminated glass that offers excellent noise reduction without compromising on light transmittance or impact performance.
Pilkington Solar- E™ Clear + Pilkington Optitherm™ S3 inner pane - solar control + thermal insulation 6 mm Pilkington Solar- E™ Clear
52
0.10
0.32
0.11
0.57
0.39
0.37
0.45
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_75_
SAINT-GOBAIN_
SPRINGBOARD DESIGN LIMITED_
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_76_
TATA
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_77_
TATA
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_78_
TATA
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_79_
TORMAX_
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_80_
WARMAFLOOR_
The Warmafloor Tacker System is a new system developed for use in conjunction with the latest laminated insulation panels to provide a more secure method of pipe fixing than the clip rail system. The insulation panels are expanded polystyrene laminated with a fabric polythene re-enforcing foil. The foil is water esistant and is provided with overlaps on two adjacent sides to cover adjacent panels. Edge insulation is laid around the area to be heated, providing a barrier against perimeter heat loss and for expansion. The Warmafloor insulated Tacker insulation panels are then laid over the complete floor area. Warmafloor PB pipework is then laid out in circuits and secured into the Tacker panel by specially designed staples, installed with a Tacker gun. These staples are fully retained by the fabric thereby preventing the pipe lifting during the screeding process. The underfloor pipe work is connected to the Warmafloor manifold, filled with water and pressurised to check for water tightness.
As soon as practical after the installation is completed the screed should be laid over the system to the required depth. Before using the Warmafloor system or applying any floor covering the screed must be allowed to dry until full strength is reached when the system can be allowed to warm up over a period of days to allow moisture to escape.
TECHNICAL APPENDIX_81_