Thesis Book by Holly Califano

THE RIVER CITY AQUARIUM making a difference along the edge Thesis Holly Califano, M.Arch Candidate Committee Chair: Scott Singeisen Committee Member: Thomas Hoffman Topic Consultant: Terry Lorince 2013-2014

I dedicate this thesis to my mother, without your support I would not have made it this far. You were always there for those late night phone calls and the numerous times you had to drive me from Jacksonville to Savannah because I hadn’t slept in days. You are my reason that I pursue my dreams.

I also dedicate this thesis to my husband, Michael. Without your love and support, I would not be where I am today. You have been there pushing me through each meltdown, telling me “not to give up” and “it’s okay if it’s not perfect.” You are my rock and absolutely none of this would be possible without you.

:Dedications

To my thesis committee, your wisdom and guidance has provided me with more than I ever could have hoped to achieve from you. I would like to thank Professor Scott Singeisen for allowing me to work at my own pace, even though it was probably terrifying at times for you. I appreciate the amount of dedication you put towards me and my project. I would also like to thank Professor Hoffman for taking time to assist me with this journey. Calculating tank loads was most beneficial towards the design. Last but not least I want to thank Terry Lorince of Downtown Vision Inc of Jacksonville. Words cannot describe the gratitude I have for you taking time out of your schedule for me. Your knowledge of our city allowed me to push the scope of what this project would become.

:Acknowledgements

List of Illustrations

Abstract

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Context

Chapter 3: Site Analysis

Chapter 4: Programmatic Analysis

Chapter 5: Concept and Schematic

108

Chapter 6: Design Development

144

Chapter 7: Conclusion

150

Bibliography

158

Illustrations Sources

169

Appendices

Contents:

Fig. 1.01-1.03 Abstract Collage of St. Johns River

PG. 9

- Engraving from an 1860 newspaper.

Fig. 1.04 Conceptual Collage of Jacksonville

PG. 10

Fig. 2.02 Diagram: Growth/Popularity of Aquariums

PG. 39

Fig. 1.05 “Bold New City of the South” Photograph

PG. 12

Fig. 2.03 Aquarium Conservation Sea Life Logo

PG. 40

Fig. 1.06 Site of the current Jacksonville Landing

PG. 14

Fig. 2.04 Aquarium Field Trip

PG. 41

Fig. 2.05 Field Trip

PG. 42

during the 1950s Fig. 1.07 Riverwalk Jacksonville, Florida, 2014

PG. 18

Fig. 2.06 Georgia Aquarium Ocean Tunnel

PG. 42

Fig. 1.08 Residential Density Map, 2010 Census

PG. 19

Fig. 2.07 Sea Turtle Rescue

PG. 42

Fig. 1.09 Jacksonville, Florida

PG. 21

Fig. 2.08 Interactive Displays

PG. 42

Fig. 1.10 Savannah, Georgia

PG. 21

Fig. 2.09 Florida Welcome Sign

PG. 43

Fig. 1.11 Jacksonville, Florida

PG. 22

Fig. 2.10 Florida

PG. 45

Fig. 1.12 Savannah, Georgia

PG. 22

Fig. 2.11 Northeast Region

PG. 45

Fig. 1.13 World Map

PG. 26

Fig. 2.12 St. Johns River Map

PG. 46

Fig. 1.14 Diagram: Proximity to other aquaria

PG. 26

Fig. 2.13 Jacksonville Main Street Bridge at Dusk

PG. 48

Fig. 2.14 Jacksonville/ Duval County/ District Map

PG. 49

attractions. Fig. 1.15 School of Fish

PG. 28

Fig. 2.15 Jacksonville Age Ranges

PG. 51

Fig. 1.16 Georgia Aquarium, Entrance

PG. 30

Fig. 2.16 Duval County Public Schools

PG. 51

Fig. 1.17 National Aquarium, Bay View

PG. 31

Fig. 2.17 Travel Radius Duval County

PG. 52

Fig. 1.18 Tennessee Aquarium, River View

PG. 32

Fig. 2.18 Infrastructure System Hierarchy

PG. 52

Fig. 1.19 National Mississippi River Museum and

PG. 33

Fig. 2.19 Average Temperature

PG. 53

Fig. 2.20 Average Precipitation

PG. 53 PG. 53

Aquarium, Entrance Fig. 1.20 Texas Aquarium, Exterior Over View

PG. 34

Fig. 2.21 Average Wind Speed

Fig. 2.01 L’aquarium; vue interieure in Paris

PG. 38

Fig. 3.01 Downtown Skyline Panoramic

PG. 57-58

Fig. 3.02 Site Selection for Proposed Aquarium

PG. 59

in Jacksonville, Florida

Fig. 3.03 Site Selection- Master Plan

PG. 62

Fig. 4.06 Case Study- National Aquarium Baltimore

Fig. 3.04 Existing Site Context

PG. 63

MD- Support Spaces

Fig. 3.05 Vehicular Circulation

PG. 66

Fig. 4.07 Private vs. Public Programming

PG. 83

Fig. 3.06 Pedestrian Circulation

PG. 67

Fig. 4.08 Spatial Adjacencies Diagram

PG. 83

Fig. 3.07 Old Courthouse Parking Lot

PG. 69

Fig. 4.09 Spatial Relationship

PG. 84

Fig. 3.08 Old Courthouse Parking Lot “Sink” Hole

PG. 69

Fig. 4.10 Exhibition Planning

PG. 84

Fig. 3.09 Berkman Plaza 2- Unfinished Construction

PG. 70

Fig. 4.11 Spatial Adjacencies Matrix: Color

PG. 84

Fig. 3.10 Berkman Plaza 2- Unfinished Construction Site

PG. 70

Fig. 4.12 Spatial Adjacencies Matrix: Numbers

PG. 84

Fig. 3.11 Northbank River Walk- End

PG. 71

Fig. 4.13 Program Sq Ft Table

Fig. 3.12 Northbank River Walk- Piers

PG. 71

Fig. 4.14 User- Tourists

PG. 89

Fig. 3.13 Southbank River Walk

PG. 72

Fig. 4.15 User- Student Field Trips

PG. 89

Fig. 3.14 Southbank River Walk 2

PG. 72

Fig. 4.16 User- Elderly

PG. 90

Fig. 3.15 Hart Expressway Parking Lot - Entry

PG. 73

Fig. 4.17 User- City Council Members

PG. 90

Fig. 3.16 Hart Expressway Parking Lot

PG. 73

Fig. 4.18 Connection with Zoo Diagram

PG. 91

Fig. 3.17 Metropolitan Park Entrance

PG. 74

Fig. 4.19 Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens Logo

PG. 91

Fig. 3.18 Metropolitan Park Entrance - Zoomed in

PG. 74

Fig. 4.20 Connection with Current MOSH

PG. 91

Fig. 3.19 Aquarium Project Site

PG. 75

Fig. 4.21 Museum of Science and History Logo

PG. 91

Fig. 3.20 Aquarium Project Site 2

PG. 75

Fig. 3.21 Aquarium Project Site 3

PG. 76

Fig. 3.22 Aquarium Project Site 4

PG. 76

Fig. 4.01- 4.05 Existing Aquariums comparison to site

PG. 80

PG. 81-82

PG. 85-86

:Illustrations

Fig. 5.01- 5.03 Aquarium Experiences Series

PG. 95

Fig. 5.23 Scheme 2 Exterior Circulation

PG. 103

Fig. 5.04 Connection between water and land

PG. 96

Fig. 5.24 Scheme 2 Interior Circulation

PG. 103

Fig. 5.05 Model of connection 1

PG. 96

Fig. 5.25 Scheme 2 Plan

PG. 104

Fig. 5.06 Model of connection 2

PG. 96

Fig. 5.26 Scheme 2 Ocean Tank Transverse Section

PG. 105

Fig. 5.07 Model of connection 3

PG. 96

Fig. 5.27 Scheme 2 Ocean and River Longitudinal

PG. 105

Fig. 5.08 Overall Concept- Masterplan

PG. 97

Section

Fig. 5.09 Masterplan Schematic

PG. 98

Fig. 6.01 Jacksonville Masterplan- Final

PG. 110

Fig. 5.10 Hierarchy of Places

PG. 98

Fig. 6.02 Site Plan- Final

PG. 112

Fig. 5.11 Axis on Masterplan and Aquarium Site

PG. 99

Fig. 6.03 Plan Lower Levels

PG. 113

Fig. 5.12 Triangular Connections to Place in

PG. 99

Fig. 6.04 Plan Second Level

PG. 115

Fig. 6.05 Plan Third Level

PG. 117

Fig. 6.06 Plan Upper Levels

PG. 119

Masterplan Fig. 5.13 Regulating Lines of key social places

PG. 100

Fig. 6.07 Section A- Longitudinal Section through

downtown

PG. 121-122

Fig. 5.14 Regulating Line on site

PG. 100

Entry Tunnel

Fig. 5.15 Program Scheme 1

PG. 100

Fig. 6.08 Section B- Transverse Section through

Fig. 5.16 Scheme 1 Plans

PG. 101

Exploration Lobby

Fig. 5.17 Scheme 1 Section

PG. 101

Fig. 6.09 West Elevation

Fig. 5.18 Scheme 1 Diagrams

PG. 101

Fig. 6.10 South Elevation

PG. 125-126

Fig. 5.19 Scheme 2- Model Plan

PG. 102

Fig. 6.11 West Exterior Perspective

PG. 127-128

Fig. 5.20 Scheme 2- Model Perspective

PG. 102

Fig. 6.12 Entrance Oculus

PG. 129

Fig. 5.21 Scheme 2- Model Elevation

PG. 102

Fig. 6.13 Lobby

PG. 130

Fig. 5.22 Scheme 2- Design Development

PG. 102

Fig. 6.14 Kelp Tank Ramp

PG. 131

PG. 123

PG. 124

Fig. 6.15 Exploration Lobby

PG. 132

Fig. 6.16 Coral Reef Exhibit

PG. 133

Fig. 6.17 Manatee Exhibit Below

PG. 134

Fig. 6.18 Manatee Exhibit Above

PG. 135

Fig. 6.19 St. Johns River Lookout

PG. 136

Fig. 6.20 River Exterior Perspective

PG. 137-138

Fig. 6.21 Masterplan Model 1

PG. 139

Fig. 6.22 Masterplan Model 2

PG. 140

Fig. 6.23 Aquarium Model 1

PG. 141

Fig. 6.24 Aquarium Model 2

PG. 142

Fig. 7.01 Downtown Aerial View

PG. 148

Fig. A.01 Final Exhibition Boards 1

Appendix

Fig. A.02 Final Exhibition Boards 2

Appendix

Fig. A.03 Final Exhibition Display

Appendix

:Illustrations

The River City Aquarium: Making a Difference Along the Edge

Holly Denard Califano

ÂŠ August 2014

This thesis focuses on establishing a world class aquarium in Jacksonville, Florida, as a means of creating revenue for the downtown area brought by tourism, all while promoting connectivity with the river front through programming and design of the building and surrounding area.

:Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Chapter 1:

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Eventually, all things merge into one, and a river runs through it.â&#x20AC;? -Norman Maclean

Introduction Establishing an aquarium will serve as the catalyst that unites a city which is dormant in its own state. With limited connectivity along the riverâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s edge at the heart of the city, in addition to the aquarium, a master plan will be developed for the surrounding area that has been disconnected from the Downtown core for more than a decade. This thesis will focus on strengthening the connections, with not only the city but with the river as well. Through the integration of recreation, education and entertainment within programming of both facility and district, it will promote revitalization that is essential for the progression of the largest city in the continuous United States, and in hopes, ignite a cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s revenue and identity.

Jacksonville: Past and Present Day Jacksonville was established along the St. Johns

continued to flourish and grow, becoming a popular

River in Northeast Florida. It was originally known as

winter resort for the rich and famous. However in May

“Cowford”, because of the Seminole Indians and

of 1901, downtown Jacksonville was ravaged by a fire

British’s utilization of the river’s narrowest point to cross

that started at a fiber factory. In just eight hours, the

cattle and other goods in either direction. This junction

business district was destroyed and 10,000 residents

became a travelling route, connecting the southern

became homeless (Metro Jax). Furthermore, the city

east coast of Florida to Georgia by means of trading

rebuilt, constructing nearly 13,000 buildings in just ten

(Britannica). With the river feeding into the Atlantic

years.

Ocean, this proved providential in the growth of the city and its industry.

Over the next eight decades, Jacksonville

By mid-century, like most large cities in the United States, Jacksonville suffered from a rapid urban sprawl

After the United States acquired Florida from

caused by residents moving to outlying suburban

Spain in 1821, American settlers on the north bank

towns. With this wave of middle-class flight from the

began to plan a town, laying out streets and plats. They

city center, Jacksonville was left a much poorer

soon named it “Jacksonville,” after Andrew Jackson,

population, resulting in the city’s tax base leading to

the first governor of Florida (Britannica).

funding problems. The government of Jacksonville

began moving towards annexing those communities and by 1968, the majority of the county became the Consolidated City of Jacksonville (Reiss). Today, Jacksonville is home to many industrial and manufacturing factories, as well as CSX corporate headquarters, two U.S. Naval Stations, and has the leading port in the U.S. for automotive exports, making the city a logistical hub (banking, insurance, and healthcare). With the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s economic diversity,

according

Forbes

2007,

Jacksonville was ranked 3rd in the top ten U.S. cities to relocate to find a job and was the 10th fastest growing city (Clark).

Fig. 1.05 â&#x20AC;&#x153;Bold New City of the Southâ&#x20AC;? Photograph

Jacksonville’s Non-Identity Once dubbed as the “Bold New City of the

higher density in parking than buildings, which brings

South”, today Jacksonville has become less than a

to question, is the identity of Jacksonville parking and

“Bold” city. It lacks a significant identity that would

auto dependency?

place it on a map of important cities to visit within the country. Jacksonville is not even recognized as a destination on the VisitFlorida.com website. With only a few annually hosted sporting events, such as the Florida-Georgia College Football game, there is very little that calls to attention, nationally, of tourists or locals alike. Further consideration of this lack of identity is seen, or not seen, in the downtown district skyline. Unlike iconic cities such as New York, Chicago, Seattle, and Atlanta there is no major significant feature of the city skyline – other than the excessive amount of

parking garages and spaces. There is a significantly

Fig. 1.06 Site of the current Jacksonville Landing during the 1950s

A Need for Social Culture Culturally, Jacksonville was once considered the “Winter Film Capital of the World” in the early 1910s with more than 30 silent film studios, but it quickly diminished as Hollywood emerged as a major production center within the decade (Metro Jax) . Today, Jacksonville holds a number of events, from performing arts and music to sports and festivals. Jacksonville is home to various sporting teams and events, consisting of NFL’s Jacksonville Jaguars, several minor leagues for baseball, basketball, arena football, rugby and recently, a soccer team has been added to the 2015 season. The PGA Tour holds The Player Championship Tournament annually, and the city hosts two major college football events each season.

Despite the number of highly successful annual

surface parking lots make up more than 70% of the

events, downtown lacks attractions for any real

city blocks, most are due to demolished buildings and

impact from tourism on a day to day basis. Currently,

progress that never happen because of economical

Jacksonvilleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s attractions consist of an 110-acre Zoo (Jax

reasons.

Zoo), two art museums, a science and history museum,

Although there are multiple social events spread

various historical sites, and the beach. For small cities,

throughout the year, there is a shortage of significant

this may be enough for the local economy. However,

cultural, social attractions available on a daily basis.

Jacksonville is the largest city in the lower forty-eight

Inadequate and outdated attractions result in the city

states. It sprawls over 757.0 square miles of land with

being perceived as a pass-through location, instead of

the suburbs continuing to expand; most people only

a place for people to stop. With the multiple attractions

visit downtown to partake in events or civic duties.

and events in the neighboring cities of the state,

In the face of the outward growth, buildings in the

further south in Florida, there needs to be an addition

downtown area have been demolished or left vacant

of features that maximize the influx of people heading

from either deterioration or outdatedness; making them

south.

less desirable to tenants who want updated facilities

Furthermore, the lack of social culture is not

and accommodations. Through visual site analysis,

just dependent on the events and entertainment

features, but in the infrastructure available to support

on a continuous basis. With the majority of the working

these events. With a stream of people available

population travelling out of downtown at the end of

resources are needed to accommodate them. There

the work day, and with little attraction to bring people

is an insufficient amount of hotel accommodations,

in, the downtown district becomes isolated.

restaurants, and retail to bring and keep people in the

Increased mixed-use units and districts that

city. During annual events, people rarely venture into

allow people to live closer to work shall enable more

the core of the city and primarily stay within the limits

businesses to be established and sustain. Additionally,

of the suburbs.

adding in more amenities within walking distance will

A number of major cities, with the residential

help reduce the auto-dependency of people.

population living in or within a mile of the major employment zones, have proven to grow faster, socially and economically than cities with the majority of the population commuting from the suburbs (Duany). Within the downtown core, there is a significant absence of mixed-used commercial and housing units. Therefore it prevents downtown from flourishing Fig. 1.07 Riverwalk Jacksonville, Florida, 2014

Fig. 1.08 Jacksonville Residential Density Map, 2010 Census

The Advent of Suburbia

With suburbia came the growth of the interstate

Many cities, big or small, suffered greatly by

system, promoting the transportation of people to

the decentralization of activity from a rapid urban

and from the suburbs and ultimately widening the

sprawl after World War II, leaving their main streets and

social, cultural, and economic gap within the urban

downtowns desolate (Jax History). As cities expanded

centers. Although the interstate system is convenient

into suburbia throughout the latter part of the 20th

for travelling through cities, and across the nation,

century, the downtown metropolitans suffered, leaving

it has ultimately altered the landscape and divided

it void of life come 6 oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;clock in the evening as the work

communities in a complex manner: physically, socially,

force returned home.

politically, and racially.

This increased growth within suburbia resulted in entertainment features and required amenities [shopping centers, schools, healthcare, etc.] to be located closer to the main population. Therefore, businesses supported by the populous were situated closer to the people for convenient accessibility, which was suburbia, instead of downtown.

Downtown Savannah: A Model City What makes Downtown Savannah successful is its density. The scale of the district is similar to the urban core of downtown Jacksonvilleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s north bank. This district supports a healthy retail/restaurant economy as well as providing ample amount of hospitality spots and is a constant entertainment center for people. There are numerous attractions that cater to the locals and the tourists coming

Fig. 1.09 Jacksonville, Florida

into the city. In addition, one of the main factors affecting the success of Downtown Savannah, is not just the city grid layout, but the walkability of the city. The time range to walk to and from, within the historic district, some of the major points of interest varies from 5 to 25 minutes. This alone gives people the opportunity to explore without the concern of having to drive from location to location. So, how can some of these characteristics be used to affect and implement success in Jacksonville?

Fig. 1.10 Savannah, Georgia

Fig. 1.11 Jacksonville, Florida

Fig. 1.12 Savannah, Georgia

Strategies: Addressing the Urban Problem[s] By understanding the continuation of problems with over-extended cities, this thesis will provide a

gas, transportation, and the ever increasing traffic congestion throughout suburban areas.

model for similar urban areas through a revitalization

Jacksonville’s city limits cover a total area

plan that in return will affect the neighboring districts

875 square miles of land and water. Like many cities

and future planning Jacksonville. Downtown has the

across the country, the development pattern of the

potential to establish itself once again as the center of

city majority can be characterized as sprawling, low

activity. It has the advantage of being located along

density, and/or suburban development. This expansion

a river therefore the development of the vacant lots

along the urban fringe has decentralized employment

and unused riverfront properties will increase the flow

and residential prospects away from the urban core of

of people and businesses into the core of the city.

downtown districts, resulting in a population shift to the

There is a nationwide trend where people

– are choosing options that counter the rising cost of

suburbs.

are moving back into cities, instead of out of them.

The objective, in addition to the aquarium, will

With an available variety of amenities, catering to

be to implement a practical application of re-growth,

peoples’ ever-changing lifestyles – such as cultural

specifically to the recentralization of the downtown

activities, proximity to work centers, transit hubs, etc.

urban core.

Strategies: Urban Planning The plan will introduce an engaging atmosphere along a newly designed Riverwalk: with diverse opportunities for the people to interact with the river; providing numerous accommodation nodes for visitors with various spots for entertainment, shopping, and dining; relocating the current outdated Museum of Science and History into a more central area along the Riverwalk; the redesigning of Metropolitan Park, with an amphitheater, as an urban oasis, that creates a connection with the existing sports complex and the river; and a greater utilization of the established Water Taxi transportation system.

Jacksonville

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The sea is everything. It covers seven tenths of the terrestrial globe. Its breath is pure and healthy. It is an immense desert, where man is never lonely, for he feels life stirring on all sides. â&#x20AC;&#x153; -Jules Verne 25

Jacksonville’s Proximity: CHATTANOOGA

The proximity of Jacksonville to other aquaria attractions is at least a two hour drive,

ATLANTA

and to a world-class aquarium is within a

CHARLESTON

day’s worth of travelling; the Florida Aquarium

SAVANNAH

ALBANY

in Tampa, the South Carolina Aquarium in Charleston, are at least four hours away and

JACKSONVILLE NEW ORLEANS

the Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta, is roughly

St. Augustine

six hours away. The city was once considered to be

ORLANDO

TAMPA

the “Gateway to Florida” during the 1950s. Today, it has become a pass-through on the

MIAMI

way to Orlando, a major tourism based city, along Interstate 95. Fig. 1.14 Diagram: Proximity to other aquaria attractions.

Fig. 1.13 World Map

An Aquarium versus a Cultural Center: The aquarium will play a key role in the rebuilding

According to the American Zoos and Aquarium

of the Downtown area and potentially bring in new

(AZA), zoos and aquariums around the country

businesses that can sustain and grow with creating

generate significant economic benefits at a local,

a viable option for leisure and tourist destination. A

regional, and national level. The cumulative impact

Cultural Center is more or less a museum with exhibits

of 38 AZA accredited, aquariums in the United States

and art whereas an Aquarium is more interactive as

serve more than 32 million annual visitors, of which

it becomes an engaging learning experience for all

2.2 million are students on field trips. This results in over

visitors. The decision on choosing the aquarium over

25,000 jobs provided, $846 million in personal earnings,

the center was solely on the notion that it will bring far

and $2.9 billion in economic activity.

more tourism to the area. Jacksonville is in dire need of an economic boost, the addition of an aquarium will increase revenue and have a positive impact on the economic development in the downtown district. Aquariums in the neighboring cities have proven to be very beneficial in attracting a

lot of visitors and tourists to those respective locations.

Impact on a City: The impact from 38, AZA accredited facilities in the United States...

32 million ANNUAL VISITORS

25,500 SUPPORTED JOBS

9 million

CHILDREN VISITORS WITH FAMILIES

2.2 million

STUDENT LEARNERS ON FIELD TRIPS

$2.9 BILLION IN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY Fig. 1.15 School of Fish

IMPACTS ON A CITY CREATES JOBS

EDUCATIONAL

REVITALIZATION OF A NEIGHBORHOOD EXPIERIENTIAL GROWTH CONSTRUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS CONNECTION

CONSERVATION

TOURISM ECONOMICAL BOOST Why Jacksonville? An Aquarium would be a catalyst for improvements to a district by stimulating growth through an economical boost provided by tourism. It will create jobs through construction and operational aspects. It will also serve as a connection to the water, that the City of Jacksonville was established on, through the interaction of exhibits and learning opportunities. That, in turn, will create a community awareness of the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s waterways.

*The following statistics and information are sourced from AquaJax.org.

IMPACTS ON A CITY

CASE STUDY

Georgia Aquarium at Atlanta Opened November, 2005

2.2 million ANNUAL VISITORS

3.6 million VISITORS FIRST YEAR

2,400

SUPPORTED JOBS

$206.5 million

Fig. 1.16 Georgia Aquarium, Entrance

IN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY “[The goal] was for the aquarium to promote economic impact for the city and state, bring growth and new jobs and help create a destination to inspire visitors to stay - and stay longer.” -Benefactor, Bernie Marcus’ vision

IMPACTS ON A CITY

CASE STUDY

National Aquarium at Baltimore, MD Opened August, 1981

1.5 million ANNUAL VISITORS

1.2 million* VISITORS IN FIRST YEAR

3,347

SUPPORTED JOBS

$205 million

Spent on lodging, transportation, food, shopping, gas and recreation.

Fig. 1.17 National Aquarium, Bay View

$17.9 million

In 1980, a near bankrupt city transformed their decaying waterfront with

2012, CITY OF BALTIMORE, STATE OF MARYLAND AND THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

IN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

an aquarium plus three historical ships within walking distance. Baltimore is now the number one tourist destination in Maryland.

*Attendance projection was 600,000.

IMPACTS ON A CITY

CASE STUDY

Tennessee Aquarium at Chattanooga Opened May, 1992 - Expanded, 2005

700,000* ANNUAL VISITORS

1.1 million** VISITORS IN FIRST YEAR

$19 million REVENUES, 2010

Fig. 1.18 Tennessee Aquarium, River View

$9.25 million IN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

The Aquarium is credited for the revitalizing of downtown Chattanooga. Since its opening it has had an economic impact of $1.5 billion for the Rossâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Landing riverfront district. More than 100 stores and restaurants have opened within a few blocks of the Aquarium.

FOR 2011 ALONE

*Declination in annual visitors due to Georgia Aquarium, 120 miles away. **Attendance projection was 600,000.

IMPACTS ON A CITY

CASE STUDY

National Mississippi River Museum & Aquarium Dubuque, Iowa - Opened, 2003

250,000+ ANNUAL VISITORS

$303 million TOURISM IMPACT ON ECONOMY

Fig. 1.19 National Mississippi River Museum and Aquarium, Entrance

$2.2 million HOTEL TAX REVENUES

IMPACTS ON A CITY

CASE STUDY

Texas Aquarium at Corpus Christi Opened, 1996

650,000+ ANNUAL VISITORS

$43 million Economic Impact in 2011

Fig. 1.20 Texas Aquarium, Exterior Over View

*Funded a new Art Museum, Science & History Museum and a Stadium (for sporting events) with the new revenues from tourist traffic.

CONTEXT ANALYSIS

Chapter 2:

Aquariums This building typology is the aquatic counterpart

the Great Exhibition of 1851 (Brunner). A common design

of a zoo, housing a variety of marine animals and plants

for home aquariums were a glass front with the other three

in receptacles for the purpose of studying or displaying.

sides made of wood, made watertight with a pitch coating,

The fascination of seeing fish in its habitat, but at oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

as the bottom was made from slate and heated from

own location, has been an interest to people for several

below. Tanks made fully from glass in metal frames were

thousand years that we know of.

being introduced as more advance systems were being

The first knowledge of keeping fish within enclosures

introduced (Sanford).

dates back to Ancient Rome. It was common for Romans

It wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t until the early twentieth century that the

to have marble tanks placed within their home. The oldest

first mechanical aquarium air pump was invented (Vitko).

evidence of such fish tank was discovered in Sicily, dating to

500 B.C. (Brunner).

pump became a pivotal development for the personal

However, the personal aquarium, as we know it,

aquaria tanks placed in cast iron frames were featured at

aquarium hobby (Whittall).

become a hobby and spread quickly. In the United Kingdom

The earliest from of a public aquarium was the London

and the United States, it became popular after ornate

Fish House in 1853 (Brunner). It was simply a collection of

tanks placed on boxes in two rows within a small building. Over the decade and half, aquariums started to become more refined - from the Jardin d’Acclimatation in Paris, 1860, with tanks inserted along a straight wall in a low-lit arcade, to today’s world’s largest aquarium in Atlanta, Georgia, that contains some of the water’s biggest creatures. Imagination and curiosity still contribute to the successful world of the aquarium. Whether it be small or world’s largest, the popularity is ever growing using science and architecture to enhance the experience.

Fig. 2.01 L’aquarium; vue interieure in Paris - Engraving from an 1860 newspaper.

1800

39 1850

Fig. 2.02 Diagram: Growth/Popularity of Public Aquariums

1900 1950 2000

1929

1896 1904

1882

1873

1859 1860

1853

2002 2005

1981 1984 1992 1995

1964 1969

1938

The Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta

Okinawa Churami Aquarium in Japan

The Tennessee Aquarium in Chattanooga The Florida Aquarium in Tampa

The Monterey Bay Aquarium in California

The National Aquarium in Baltimore

The New England Aquarium in Boston

Seaworld Marine Mammal Parks

Marineland near St. Augustine

The Shedd Aquarium in Chicago

Belle Isle Aquarium in Detroit

Battery Park Aquarium in New York

The Artis Aquarium at the Amsterdam Zoo

National Aquarium in Washington DC

Jardin dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Acclimation in Paris

The Aquarial Gardens in Boston

The Fish House at the London Zoo

Fig. 2.03 Aquarium Conservation Sealife Logo

102 212 139 38 09

Aquaria in the United States AZA Accredited Zoos and Aquariums

Zoos

751,931 6,000 1,000

Animals in AZA Institutions

Species

Threatened or Endangered

Aquariums

$160 million

Both Zoo and Aquarium

54% 35% 11%

Conservation Projects each year

Non-profit

Public

For-profit

What do Aquariums do: Aquariums play an important role in the conservation, education, care and research of aquatic organisms, animals and plants. They are there to reinforce the values and attitudes towards preservation through the use of interactive exhibits and educational courses. Aquariums

can

prompt

people

reconsider their role in environmental problems and conservation action as they began to envision themselves as part of a solution. They will experience a stronger connection to nature as a result of their visit while learning about the basic ecological concepts of aquatic life.

Fig. 2.04 Aquarium Field Trip

Fig. 2.05 Field Trip

Fig. 2.07 Sea Turtle Rescue

Fig. 2.06 Georgia Aquarium Ocean Tunnel

Fig. 2.08 Interactive Displays

Fig. 2.09 Florida Welcome Sign

Florida Much of Florida is a peninsula between the

Settlers, Hispanic, and African American can be found throughout the state’s architecture and cuisine.

Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. Known as

Attracting around 87.3 million visitors, a record

the “Sunshine State”, Florida is notable for it’s miles of

high in 2011. Tourism makes up the largest sector

beaches, and swamps, as well as an abundance of

of the state’s economy (VisitFlorida). The Orlando

water and warm weather (Britannica).

metropolitan area amusement parks and attractions

It is estimated that 12,000 years ago, people first

are a vital part of the state’s economic viability bringing

reached the area that was once twice as large than

in an estimated 60 million visitors in 2013, spending over

today’s Florida. They settled in areas with a steady

$33 billion (VisitOrlando).

water supply, good stone resources for tool making, and wooded areas for ample amount of firewood. Over the centuries, with the coastline beginning to change, these native people developed complex cultures along with agriculture and trade with other groups prior to the discovery by Europeans (FLDoS). Florida’s multiple heritages; Native American, European

St. Johns River Is Floridaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest river and one of the few to flow north in the states. At 310 miles long, it winds through or borders twelve counties in eastern side of the state. Forming and feeding various lakes, its most significant

Fig. 2.10 Florida

use is recreational. However it is also commercially used in the northern portion of the river as it meets the Atlantic Ocean in Jacksonville.

Nassau

Like many other Florida rivers, it was altered to make way for agricultural and residential centers.

Jacksonville

Baker

With 3.5 million people living within the various watersheds that feed the river, it suffers from pollution

Union

and interference to the natural order of life in and

Clay Bradford

St. Johns

around the river. In recent years, restoration efforts are continuously being made towards the health of the river and its inhabitants.

Fig. 2.11 Northeast Region

ST. JOHNS RIVER Jacksonville

North Near Vero Beach 310 mi 30 FEET 8,840 sq mi Atlantic Ocean 0 FEET 3.5 million FLOW DIRECTION

SOURCE

RIVER LENGTH

ELEVATION

BASIN

MOUTH

ELEVATION

POPULATION, LIVE ALONG Fig. 2.12 St. Johns River

Jacksonville: Current State and Future Development The city is at a crossroads to highlight the “old”

for the aquarium is strategically located on the north

downtown area that still has available property for

bank of the river with water access to the Jacksonville

expansion. The St. John’s River runs right through the

Zoo and Gardens. The possibility of a combined visit

downtown area and currently has developments on

with both the zoo and aquarium would create a unique

both the south and north banks both commercial and

experience.

residential. There is ample land available for further

The city is striving to reach its own citizens, along

development as the city is in an evolution of creating

with tourists, to embrace the downtown experience for

an inviting and active area; an area of town that

shopping, dining, taking in the parks, attending events,

people will want to engage in.

providing a destination to “see and do something”.

Tourism is a big draw for economic reasons and the city wishes to take advantage of its location.

for people to visit all through the year. The proposed site

Incorporating this aquarium with the downtown experience can and will be enticing to all.

Jacksonville is the first city on the east coast as tourists

Physically, Jacksonville makes up 95% of Duval

enter the state of Florida. The city has seasonal sport

County, located in the northeast region of Florida. The

attractions and the beaches, which bring people to

county was established in 1822 and named for William

the greater Jacksonville area, but they need reasons

Pope DuVal, governor of the Florida territory from 1822

to 1834 (Britannica). As of 1968, the county consolidated it governments from various municipalities within the lines establishing Jacksonville into what it is today. Made up of 6 districts [Fig. 2.13] consisting of various neighborhoods within each district, the city is politically led by 19 councilmen and women (COJ). Downtown Jacksonville has had a minimal of significant projects over the past few decades, with few peak periods of success. Governed by the stability of the economy, the development of Jacksonville has been gradually slow in ways of progression. There is a need for substantial focus on establishing Downtown Jacksonville with a more social, Fig. 2.13 Jacksonville Main Street Bridge at Dusk

JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA

95% of Duval County LARGEST CITY 747 sq mi 127.6 sq mi 836,507 1,100.1/ sq mi 1,360,251 CITY TO COUNTY RATIO

IN THE CONTINENTAL U.S.

AREA TOTAL - LAND

AREA TOTAL - WATER

POPULATION, 2012

POPULATION DENSITY

REGION POPULATION, 2012 Fig. 2.14 Jacksonville/Duval County/District Map

cultural, and residential influence, instead of major civil

assist in funding the development of entertainment

and civic developments.

venues that downtown and the city lacks.

Since the year 2000, Downtown has had 90

Within in the last couple of years, Downtown

projects totaling more than $1.7 billion dollars that

Jacksonville has had a budding nightlife- bringing life to

have been completed, with eight projects in 2012

area after dark. Downtown Vision Inc. of Jacksonvilleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

totaling $530 million dollars and another seven projects

primary goal is promoting the area as a thriving, vivid

currently under contract (DVI).

Rehabilitation of

entertainment district. Small businesses are continuing

historical buildings within downtown is also vital for the

to migrate downtown as the prospects in establishing

success of the district as this shows a positive growth

the area as top place to visit on a daily basis.

and could bring in potential developers. In 2014, Jacksonville Jaguars Owner Shad Khan and the city spent $63 million worth of renovations to the stadium at EverBank Field, including two 362 foot wide end zone video boards- worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest TV screens- in which the majority was paid by the established hotel bed tax (Rutland). The hotel bed tax could possibly

Duval County Public School System

Total Number of Schools- 192

Percentage(s)

High Schools- 20

Middle Schools- 25

Elementary Schools- 104

0 Age(s)

0-17

18-34

34-54

Fig. 2.15 Jacksonville Age Ranges

55-64

65-79

80+

Other Schools- 43

Fig. 2.16 Duval County Public Schools

Demographics Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida. As of 2010, there were approximately 820,000 people consisting of various ethnical backgrounds (Census), partially due to a strong presence of the U.S. Navy having two locations within Jacksonville. From 1970 to 2000, the City has had a population growth of 47 percent and is expected to see an increase of an additional 41 percent by 2030 (Zyscovich).

15 mins

25 mins

35 mins

45 mins

Fig. 2.17 Travel Radius Duval County

Legend Primary Secondary Tertiary Fig. 2.18 Infrastructure System Hierarchy

Infrastructure Accessibility The downtown core of Jacksonville is centrally located within the county. There are many ways to get into the vicinity by the interweaving of carefully planned road systems throughout the county. The furthermost travel distance within county lines is approximately forty to forty-five minutes with optimal traffic conditions.

100 90 80 70

Temperatures (째 F)

60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Fig. 2.05 Average Temperature

10 9 8 7

Inche(s)

6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Fig. 2.05 Annual Precipitation

Fig. 2.07 Annual Wind Speeds

Climate: The region of Jacksonville is classified as humid subtropical like much of the south Atlantic region of the United States. Due to the proximity to the coast, Jacksonville sees very little cold weather, and winters are typically mild and sunny. Summertime temperatures can reach 100 degree range. It can be a wet season as thunderstorms with brief torrential downpours are typical in the afternoons. Spring is the leading season for Jacksonville visitation due to the weather attracting tourists to its beaches and a number cultural events. The city has a very different tourism market than the rest of Florida with a relaxing and calming environment bringing in around 2.5 million visitors each year (VisitJAX).

SITE ANALYSIS

Chapter 3

Site

Fig. 3.01 Downtown Skyline Panoramic

Site Selection The site (fig. 3.02) selected for the development of The River City Aquarium, is approximately 907,000 square feet (21 acres) along the river front. There is prime location along the St. Johns River. In total, there is about 125 acres of land spreading east of the downtown core that sits vacant, underdeveloped, or in ruins. This area is considered more of the entertainment/sports zone of downtown and is currently disconnected from the river walk. By choosing this site, it gave ample potential for the surrounding lots to be redeveloped into a master plan that will promote the idea of giving the river back to the people and making it more accessible while Site - Approx. 907,000 sq ft (21 Acres) Fig. 3.02 Site Selection for Proposed Aquarium

promoting leisure, shopping, entertainment and a new utilization of the riverâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s edges from the Main Street Bridge to the Hart Bridge.

Site Selection A portion of this project is to provide an environment extending outward from the aquarium with a redeveloped vibrant atmosphere. There is approximately 3.5 miles of edge along the St. Johns River on both north and south banks that is underdeveloped or abandoned and with the majority of the vacant land is along the north bank adjacent to the sports complex and entertainment zones such as the arena and amphitheater. According to various studies, the average American is willing to walk 1500 feet to a destination. This is what Jacksonvilleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s river front is lacking. With the amount of vacancies at the edge, a well developed, thoughtful master plan could push that limit with various attractions and points of interests.

Fig. 3.03 Site Selection- Master Plan

Travel Distance: 2640 ft (.5 miles)

Fig. 3.04 Existing Site Context

Site Analysis Downtown Jacksonville in the last 50 years has become mostly surface parking lots. Without constant positive development over the years, it has lead to many vacant, dilapidated buildings to be demolished making way for make-shift parking lots that peppers just about every block of the north bank core. There is about 45,000 parking spaces in the core of Downtownâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Business District (DVI).

Site Parking Venues/ Entertainment Green space Hospitality Residential Vacant land and Semi-Industrial Fig. 3.04 Existing Site Context

Vehicular Circulation The site is accessible from a number of different directions. The main artery to the city of Jacksonville as well as the state is Interstate 95. It makes travelling through the city quick and easy. It is also the main road system connecting all East Coast States and a source that brings tourism to the state. The secondary and tertiary roads connect the east to the west by linking to the neighborhood streets and come to a junction at one point or another with the I-295 Beltway around Jacksonville and I-95.

Primary Secondary Tertiary Fig. 3.05 Vehicular Circulation

SITE

Pedestrian Circulation The circulation is disconnected along the Riverwalk along both banks of the St. Johns River. The abrupt ending of the Riverwalk along the Northbank creates an environment that doesn’t allow for continuation of movement along the river’s edge to the east. Which would connect the Jaguar’s Stadium, Metro Park, and other entertainment venues in that sub-district to the rest of Downtown. The majority of the residential communities reside along the Riverwalk at the Southbank. The condition of more than half of the Riverwalk is in disrepair. Currently the twenty plus years boardwalk is being updated Pedestrian disconnection Pedestrian connection Connection by water taxi Connection by water taxi for events

from the old wooden design to a much safer concrete structure.

Fig. 3.05 Existing Pedestrian Circulation

Fig. 3.07 Old Courthouse Parking Lot

This a view along the Northbank Riverwalk at the

This a portion of the parking lot, from the image on

eastern end of the established Downtown core. This is the

the left, shows the construction of the lot. This hole is the

site of the old county courthouse that has been vacant for

result of a large construction crane crashing through the

nearly two years now. Instead of placing a building facing

concrete slabs due to its weight. The entirety of this lot will

river front, the city put a parking lot. This is prime real estate

need to be reconstructed to withstand any dead load from

for additional hospitality accommodations and mixed use

proposed building structures.

buildings that will be incorporated in the developing master plan.

Fig. 3.08 Old Courthouse Parking Lot â&#x20AC;&#x153;Sinkâ&#x20AC;? Hole

Fig. 3.09 Berkman Plaza 2 - Unfinished Construction

Fig. 3.10 Berkman Plaza 2 - Unfinished Construction Site

This building is known as the Berkman Plaza 2. It is

This is a close-up, through the construction fence,

the twin the building to its left and shares this mostly empty

of the site. This is what is being seen that the end of the

marina. It has been an unfinished construction eyesore since

Riverwalk. This end is always lifeless and deserted. People

the fatal accident in December 2007. Because of cutting

donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t gather in this area.

corners and improper inspections, a young man lost his life when the parking garage for the condo collapsed. Today, almost seven years later, this is the view everyone sees at the end of the Northbank Riverwalk.

Fig. 3.11 Northbank River Walk - End

Along the river, there is a trail that extends nearly 2 miles

The land adjacent to the end of the Riverwalk, is the

on the Northbank. It connects the Riverside neighborhood

old shipyards, where the old piers still stand. These old piers

(west end of the downtown) with downtown core. At the

could be used as public fishing piers or a marketplace.

eastern of the Riverwalk, it abruptly ends before connecting with the sporting complexes and arena.

Fig. 3.12 Northbank River Walk - Piers

Fig. 3.13 Southbank River Walk

Fig. 3.14 Southbank River Walk 2

The Southbank Riverwalk is outdated and falling

The hotel to the right has prime real estate as the

apart. At this end, there is no attraction to draw people. This

building it self has empty, dilapidated storefronts along the

portion also sits over old shipyards. There are areas where the

edge of the Riverwalk. There is no presence of excitement

slips are still exposed. Highlighting these slips, along with a

within this area.

Maritime Museum and a docked Naval Vessel would entice people to the eastern end of the Southbank Riverwalk.

Fig. 3.15 Hart Expressway Parking Lot - Entry

The Hart Bridge Expressway connects Downtown with the southeast side of Jacksonville. A portion runs parallel with the river as you decent into the Core Business District of Downtown. The city only utilizes the space underneath the overpass as additional parking for when there are events held in the many venues at the far eastern end of Downtown.

Fig. 3.16 Hart Expressway Parking Lot

Parking lot used for cultural, social, and sporting events only.

Fig. 3.17 Metropolitan Park Entrance

Fig. 3.18 Metropolitan Park Entrance - Zoomed in

This is an entrance of the urban park Metropolitan

This is a close-up of the entrance from the image to

Park that is only open when cultural, social or entertainment

the left. The sign states, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Gate closed at sunsetâ&#x20AC;?. There are

events are held within its gates and amphitheater. It sits

picnic areas and play zones within the park. So why is this

along the Northbank at river edge and is usually closed for

place closed in the middle of the day? Because this portion

daily public access and events can be once or twice a

of the river is inaccessible to the people.

month.

Fig. 3.19 Aquarium Site

View of the proposed site for the aquarium project looking towards the core of Downtown.

Fig. 3.20 Aquarium Site 2

View of the proposed site for the aquarium project looking towards the Southbank.

Fig. 3.21 Aquarium Site 3

View of the proposed site for the aquarium project looking towards what is directly across from the site.

Fig. 3.22 Aquarium Site 4

View of the proposed site for the aquarium project showing how the Hart Expressway runs over a portion of site.

PROGRAM ANALYSIS

Chapter 4

Programming Programming was derived from the idea of the

that demonstrate their size in relation with the proposed

aquarium being separated into two main entities; the

site (Fig. 4.01-4.05). The determined design scale for this

exhibits and a research rescue center for manatees

aquarium is to be between 300,000 square feet and

and dolphins.

400,000 square feet, plus a 50,000 square foot rescue/

The main intention is to create an experience

rehab marine hospital.

within the aquarium to have more of a winding linear

The aquarium itself is intended to promote and

path through connecting exhibitions as opposed

represent that connection between human and water.

to placing them in a radial design around a central

The first impression people will get will be the exterior of

gathering space. This approach to programming will

the building. The programming on the outdoor spaces

provide a fluid transition from one exhibit to the next,

and entrance is just as important of that of the interior

emphasizing the feeling of being submerged in depths

experiences. Promoting recreation around the site

of water.

and incorporating a public exhibit will allow for a more

Understanding the responsibility this aquarium

located with Jacksonville were chosen for diagrams

harmonious approach to the design.

needs to fulfill- in having a financial impact for

Various explorations in programming were

Jacksonville as well as fitting within the downtown

developed; public versus private, spatial adjacencies

urban fabric- five aquariums that are regionally

and relationships and user personas.

FLINT RIVERQUARIUM, ALBANY, GA 54,00 SQ FT

NEW ORLEANS AQUARIUM, LA 200,000 SQ FT

CHARLESTON AQUARIUM, SC 93,000 SQ FT

FLORIDA AQUARIUM, TAMPA 250,000 SQ FT

GEORGIA AQUARIUM, ATLANTA 550,000 SQ FT

Fig. 4.01- 4.05 Spatial Adjacencies Diagram Series

Case Study The National Aquarium in Baltimore, Maryland was used as a case studies to understand the amount of mechanical and behind-the-scene support spaces need for the operation of an aquarium. Findings concluded a 60:40 ratio. The sixty percent is the behindthe-scenes which consists of water management systems, filtration/cleansing pumps, salt storage and mixing tanks, generators, water cooling systems, wave machines, HID lighting, holding tanks, food preparation rooms, laboratories, freight elevators, tank access halls, electrical and mechanical spaces.

Fig. 4.06 National Aquarium Baltimore MD- Support Space

Classificaton

Public

Private

Fig. 4.07 Private vs. Public Programming

Fig. 4.08 Spatial Adjacencies Diagram

Tic ram k In et fo O Lo rm ffic b a e Re by tio n/ s Re A tro dm om ce G in s pt ift is io t r S Re h a n t s o i Ki tua p on tc ra Ri he nt ve n / Ve O rE nu ce xh Tr a ib e op n it A i re o E Hu ic xh n a a m l E ib M an x itio hi n ic G rob De biti a i st o St ller olo ruc n u y g t IM den Exh y E ion A t ib xh E Br X T Ed itio ibi xhib e h u n tio it n io L o a k e a ca n ck Ro ter tio na Ba e o lR t r m Sc hro Roo oo ub om m m D a s s ol G p e M h a a in r Ba na Ex Ro c te h o Ve kst e E ibit ms t a x io Re eri ge hib n s na A it Fo ea ria re ion o rc n a St d P h L Ex o r a a M rag ep bo m R e e Ro ra o W cha om tor om at n s ies s El er ic al ec Se tri r ca W vic l as e E te n Fa tra ci nc lit e y

MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

VET

FOOD PREP

BACK OF HOUSE

MICROBIO. HUMAN DESTRUCTION

ADMIN. RESEARCH GIFT SHOP

FRONT OF HOUSE

EXHIBITIONS

ST. JOHNS RIVER

LOBBY RESTUARANT VENUE

ticketing reception/info lobby restrooms restaurant/ venue gift shop River exhibition Ocean Exhibition Tropical exhibition

IMAX Theater

Student Educational R

Manatee Exhibition

Dolphin Exhibition

Gallery Exhibition

Microbiology Exhibit

Human Destruction Ex. Microbiology Exhibition Gallery Exhibition Dolphin Exhibition Manatee Exhibition udent Educational Room IMAX Theater

Fig. 4.11 Spatial Adjacencies Matrix- Color

Human Destruction Ex

Tropical Exhibition

Ocean Exhibition

River Exhibition

gift shop

restaurant/venue

restrooms

lobby

Fig. 4.10 Exhibition Planning

ticketing

Fig. 4.09 Spatial Relationships

ATLANTIC OCEAN

reception/info

GALLERY

5 X

Fig. 4.12 Spatial Adjacencies Matrix- Numbers

Square feet 10,500 sq ft

Lobby Ticketing

700 sq ft

Photo Booth

300 sq ft

Reception

500 sq ft

Stroller/Wheelchair

EXHIBITIONS

FRONT OF HOUSE

Program

Square feet

Exploration Lobby

15,000 sq ft

Microbiology

2,000 sq ft

Gallery

9,000 sq ft

Human Impact

3,000 sq ft

600 sq ft

Theater

1,200 sq ft

Coat Check

250 sq ft

Tropical

25,000 sq ft

Storage

250 sq ft

River

20,000 sq ft

Gift shop

4,000 sq ft

Manatee

30,000 sq ft

Storage

1,000 sq ft

Ocean

50,000 sq ft

Restaurant

5,000 sq ft

Life Support System

10,000 sq ft

Kitchen

2,000 sq ft

Kids Playground

Storage

900 sq ft 1,000 sq ft

Event Room

800 sq ft

Classroom Rest rooms (5 sets)

Total:

169,200 sq ft

Additional 60% added forr (169,200 sq ft X 1.6) = support spaces/back of house

270,720 sq ft

New Total:

439,920 sq ft

W/o tanks Total:

309,920 sq ft

3,500 sq ft 300 sq ft

Janitorial

4,000 sq ft

*The initial square footages listed include circulation and approximately 50,000 sq ft of

Total: Fig. 4.13 Program Sq Ft Table

29,800 sq ft

tanks. W/o tanks: Total = 309,920 sq ft

Square feet

Service Dock

7,000 sq ft

Access Halls

168,000 sq ft

Food Prep Storage Scuba Gear Storage Holding Tanks Circulation Janitorial Locker Rooms

1,500 sq ft

Bathrooms

500 sq ft

Laboratories

8,000 sq ft

Exam Room

5,000 sq ft

Offices

3,000 sq ft

Employee lounge

1,000 sq ft

Training Room

RESCUE/REHAB MARINE HOSPITAL

BACK OF HOUSE

Program

Square feet

Manatee Holding Tanks

10,000 sq ft

Dolphin Holding Tanks

12,000 sq ft

Exam Room

2,500 sq ft

Quarantine tanks

3,000 sq ft

Mechanical

5,500 sq ft

Laboratories

800 sq ft

Locker Room

325 sq ft

Bathroom

120 sq ft

Scuba Gear

250 sq ft

Storage

1,000 sq ft

Food Prep

1,200 sq ft

Office

1,800 sq ft

Total:

38,500 sq ft

800 sq ft

Mechanical

84,000 sq ft

Electrical Pump Room Filtration Room Water Treatment

Total:

278,800 sq ft

Overall TOTAL: 450,000 sq ft

Aquarium Exhibitions:

Exploration Lobby:

The main building will consist of the following ten

This serves as the main aquarium lobby as all

attractions that will create a unique experience unlike

the exhibitions extend from this point. This space is

other aquariums in the region.

an exhibition itself and will consist of touch pools, visual interactive information screens, and hanging

The Oculus: This space is at the central point within

the dining facilities, kids playground, event rooms,

the entry tunnel. It is completely public, as it is

gift shop, circulation and exhibitions.

established along the Riverwalk in Jacksonville.

Microbiology Exhibit:

It windows into the Ocean Tank, giving a preview

This exhibit will have algae color tubes, an

into what is inside the aquarium.

interactive map table, a 360-degree movie projection

Kelp Tank:

showing plankton and their life cycle, microscopes

Kelps are large seaweeds that grow in â&#x20AC;&#x153;underwater forestsâ&#x20AC;? in shallow oceans. This

aquatic animals. Its central location gives access to

and real time bacteria evolution in water. Gallery:

exhibit is placed within the main circulation

This will be a rotating showcase of all things

space connecting the lobby to the core of the

pertaining to water in any medium; artifacts of

aquarium exhibitions.

shipwrecks to dissected creatures.

The exhibitions thus follows, is a story-like journey

River Exhibition:

from tropical waters to rivers to the depths of the ocean

The third exhibition is unique to this aquarium,

while capping with human interactions at the start and

as it will contain the inhabitants of the St. Johns River.

finish of this path.

It will consist of the fish, turtles, snakes and alligators that are commonly found as well as an estuary/

Human Impact: The first exhibition in this series will show the positive and negative effect humans have with

manatee exhibit. Its placement will allow an outlook to be incorporated into the exhibit program. Ocean Exhibition:

the marine environment; from the harmful effect

This exhibit will contain some of the oceanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

of plastics to the helpfulness of organizations that

most intriguing creatures. It will have the largest tank

protect and preserve aquatic life.

in the aquarium to house whale sharks and manta

Tropical Exhibition:

rays. It will have an underwater tunnel, various viewing

This second exhibit will consist of three areas that showcase life in tropical waters. First

alcoves and a large viewing window. Life Support System Exhibit:

with species found along a coral reef, to various

The final exhibit will show various pumps systems

types of predatory sharks and finally ending with

that are used in the aquarium, while generating a

dangerous jellyfish.

live-feed to the operation of the large ocean tank.

User Group 1: Tourists Duration of visit: 3-4 hours All age ranges of people; families, couples and individuals from all over the country and world. Their needs are to have experiences that are not like any other aquarium. The design goal will be bringing people back each year.

Fig. 4.14 User- Tourists

User Group 2: Student Field TripsTime of use: 9 am- 2 p.m. Duration of visit: Between 3-4 hours, usually including lunch. All age ranges of students on class field trips. Since children, ages 3-19, will take up 45 percent of the user group, it is important to understand their needs and the accessibility of all sizes of children. Clear visibility is important, so teachers can keep an eye on their students. Fig. 4.15 User- Student Field Trips

User Group 3: ElderlyDuration of Visits: 2-4 hours Time of Use: 9 am -12 p.m., typ. Ages: 65+ Elderly are usually retired so providing them with a place of interest is important. As a user group, it is important to understand their needs and the various accessibility needs to get around. Fig. 4.16 User- Elderly

User Group 4: City Council MembersTheir primary concern is the impact the aquarium will have on the environment, the community, and the city, and if it will be a sustainable building.

Fig. 4.17 User- City Council Members

Their is an importance to have connectivity to the existing museum and attractions.

Fig. 4.18 Connection with Zoo Diagram Fig. 4.19 Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens Logo

Fig. 4.20 Connection with Current MOSH Fig. 4.21 Museum of Science and History Logo

Occupancy Classification According to the International Building Code (IBC). [A] Assembly: Assembly occupancies include social, recreational, entertainment and civic gatherings of 50 or more people.

A-3: This group includes recreational, amusement, and worship uses not specially falling under other Assembly groups, including, for example, galleries, auditorium, churches, community halls, courtrooms, dance halls, gymnasiums, lecture halls, libraries, museums, passenger station waiting areas, and the like.

[B] Business: Business occupancies include office, professional, and services activities and storage or related records and accounts. Business occupancies also include education facilities past the 12 grade, but do not include retail or wholesale sales.

CONCEPT/ SCHEMATIC DESIGN

Chapter 5:

Inspiration and Concept The inspiration comes from the essence of being submerged in water. The experience of an aquarium is magically intriguing. It gives viewers a connection with aquatic life that otherwise wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t experience on a daily basis. When visiting an aquarium, the exhibits are not overwhelming. They create intimacy as there is a story told through design with each creatureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s habitat. The concept drives the connection between water and land. Having the building design be representational of this idea gives to a unified experience. The initial idea was to have portion of the building emerge out from the river, in a more organic design strategy.

Fig. 5.01- 5.03 Aquarium Experiences Series

Fig. 5.04 Connection between water and land

Fig. 5.06 Model of connection 2

Fig. 5.05 Model of connection 1

Fig. 5.07 Model of connection 3

Fig. 5.08 Overall Concept- Masterplan

Design Goals: The end result of a successful master plan will create a connective response along the Riverâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s edges masking the dominant vehicular infrastructures. It will create an ideal environment conducive for exploration along the St. Johns River; an inviting precursor to an underwater experience within the aquarium.

Jacksonville Riverfront Master Plan Legend: Riverwalk Museums Mixed Use/ Hotels Convention Center Ferry Docks Public Parks Green Space

Fig. 5.09 Masterplan Schematic

Fig. 5.10 Hierarchy of Places

Fig. 5.11 Axis on Masterplan and Aquarium Site

Fig. 5.12 Triangular Connections to Place in Masterplan

Fig. 5.13 Regulating Lines of key social places downtown

Architecture Scheme 2: It

was

developed

from regulating lines that are created by the existing social framework

Downtown

Jacksonville.

Fig. 5.14 Regulating Lines on site

Fig. 5.15 Program Scheme 1

100

Scheme 1: Exhibitions 1. Microbiology 2. Human Impact 3. Atlantic Ocean 4. St. Johns River 5. Gallery 6. Lobby with life-size creatures 7. Tropical 8. Theater 9. Restaurant/Venue 10. Gift Shop 11. Facilities 12. Kids Corner

Fig. 5.16 Scheme 1 Plans

Fig. 5.17 Scheme 1 Section

101

Fig. 5.18 Scheme 1 Diagrams

Fig. 5.19 Scheme 2- Model Plan

Fig. 5.20 Scheme 2- Model Perspective

Fig. 5.22 Scheme 2- Design Developments

Scheme 2: Model form was first explored for this scheme. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s concept was to represent water undulating like waves in the ocean or river. Fig. 5.21 Scheme 2- Model Elevation

102

Aquarium Entrance

Fig. 5.23 Scheme 2 Exterior Circulation

103

Fig. 5.24 Scheme 2 Interior Circulation

Entry Plaza to Aquarium

gift shop 5375 sf

wheelchair strolle r check 1420 sf service 1625 sf

storage 830 sf

photo souvenir 733 sf reception 500 sf lobby 10300 sf

kitchen 1840 sf

ticketing 1285 sf

food court 5550 sf

gallery 5600 sf

microbiology 2400 sf human impact 1950 sf

tropical 10000 sf

service 6200 sf human impact 3950 sf

Outdoor Public Plaza

storage 235 sf

janitorial 125 sf

conference room 530 sf office 300 sf

tropical 6450 sf

ocean tank 26000 sf deep ocean 4225 sf

deep ocean 4225 sf

ocean tank 26000 sf

Outdoor Public Plaza with water feature.

st. johns river 26000 sf

130

180

Fig. 5.25 Scheme 2 Plan

104

Fig. 5.26 Scheme 2 Ocean Tank Transverse Section

Fig. 5.27 Scheme 2 Ocean and River Longitudinal Section

105

Schematic Design

Most aquariums are placed near water sources,

Neither of these designs were intriguing enough

such as rivers and oceans, to have that unlimited

to continue with as individual designs. Scheme 1 had

access to water. There are various operated systems to

no sense of movement and Scheme 2 was initially the

control the quality of water within the tanks; an ‘open

goal aesthetically. It is plausible, but just not as practical

system’ allows the water source to pass through the

in terms of structure and containing millions of gallons

tanks and return to the water source and a ‘closed

of water.

system’, which is circulated water that passes through

However, aspects of both were incorporated in the new design and sometimes a reevaluation of

filtration/cleansing systems. All of this made for a more challenging understanding of an aquarium.

design choices is needed in order to move forward. There is more to an aquarium than just fish and water. There is much more behind than scenes that go into the experience of being immersed in the depths of water. The mechanics to operate the tanks are very extensive, from water collection and management to lighting.

106

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Chapter 6:

Masterplan The final masterplan stretches across both banks of the St. Johns River from the Main Street Bridge to the Hart Bridge, adding approximately 2 miles to the established 2.5 miles Riverwalk trail. Much of the Northbank to the east is disconnected from the heart of the city, simply extending the Riverwalk will allow the riverâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s edge near the stadiums and arena to be more connected with the established trial. The goal was to give the St. Johns River back to the community by making it publicly accessible in its entirety. This will encourage the proper utilization of the adjacent land to provide a continuous atmosphere of entertainment, leisure, shopping, and hospitality that is partially established.

109

Friendship Fountain park with Jacksonville History Museum Redesigning the park

THE RIVER CITY AQUARIUM

Maritime Museum with Naval Ship

with the inclusion of a Jacksonville History Museum in place of the old MOSH, will serve as a connection, the community would gain, with the original crossing of the river on which the city was founded on.

A Maritime Museum will enrich the area as another point of interest along the riverfront, placed on the south shore where a major shipping manufacturing was once located.

Public Either a museum, public space, or hotel. This would be another place, seen as a point of interest along the north bank.

Provide an entertainment component to the Green Space with western end of Ferris Wheel the river walk. It is adjacent to the Landing and hotels.

Relocation of MOSH.

Museum of Science

Bring the success of the Riverside Arts Market to the Downtown area Market Pavilions through varies programming of these pavilions.

Convention Center A modern programmed museum, digital arts, Museum would be another place, seen as a point of interest along the north bank. With outdoor space for movies in the park.

Ferry

This placement would have a stronger connection to the neighboring hotels and community. As well as an overall connection to the places along the river.

Entertainment Boardwalk

Through the development of the eastern end of the Existing Fire Museum river walk, the existing Fire Museum will be more accessible and known.

Connecting the green space outside the stadium will provide an axis to the river. Redesign the park with elements of an Urban Park, similar to Chicagoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Millennium Park, will promote Metro Park interaction with an area that otherwise desolate.

Area filled with Restaurants, shops and attraction; such as paddle boating in the pond.

Hotels Mixed Use Connect each end of the river walk through similar needs of hotels and mixeduse developments. Also, it will give the eastern end river walk with constant visitor traffic.

Route

5-10 minute walk

10-15 minute walk

Fig. 6.01 Jacksonville Masterplan- Final

110

Aquarium The building resides directly over the proposed Riverwalk. The importance of this idea is that it utilizes the entire site and reinforces the connection along the trail without disturbing the flow of movement. Through the use of a tunnel, it will create a unique experience along the Riverwalk with an aquarium that is unlike no other. To keep the idea of public access with the river, the site slopes into the St. Johns River. This will give the opportunity to engage with the water and enjoy views of Jacksonville and river.

111

Fig. 6.02 Site Plan- Final

112

5 10

12 A

10 13 14

16 15

Fig. 6.03 Plan Lower Levels

113

LOWER LEVELS: ENTRANCE/ LOBBY LEVEL: 1. ENTRY OCULUS

8. MECHANICAL/ ELECTRICAL

2. LOBBY 3. TICKETING

R. REST ROOMS

4. WHEELCHAIR/ STROLLER/ COAT CHECK 5. STORAGE 6. SERVICE ELEVATOR 7. PUMP ROOM

LOWER TROPICAL EXHIBIT/ RIVER EXHIBIT: 9. SHARK COVE EXHIBIT

16. RIVER OTTER EXHIBIT

10. EXHIBIT SERVICE

17. FILTRATION ROOM

11. JELLYFISH EXHIBIT 12. PUMP ROOM

R. REST ROOMS

13. RIVER EXHIBITION 14. AUDIO VISUAL ROOM 15. MANATEE EXHIBIT

114

7 6

4 3

22 2 11

25 3 1 5

9 6 4

8 7

25 16

Fig. 6.04 Plan Second Level

115

11 14

AQUARIUM SECOND LEVEL R. REST ROOMS

9. TROPICAL EXHIBIT

18. DEEP OCEAN EXHIBIT

1. EXHIBIT ENTRY/ KELP TANK

10. CORAL REEF EXHIBIT

19. OCEAN TANK TUNNEL

2. EXPLORATION LOBBY

11. SHARK COVE EXHIBIT

20. OCEAN TANK VIEWING WINDOW

3. MICROBIOLOGY EXHIBIT

12. AUDIO VISUAL ROOM

21. ENTRANCE OCULUS WINDOW

4. GALLERY EXHIBIT

13. EXHIBIT SERVICE

22. LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM EXHIBIT

5. RESTAURANT/ EVENT SPACE

14. RIVER OTTER SERVICE

23. EXHIBIT SERVICE

6. KITCHEN

15. RIVER OTTER- ABOVE

24. STORAGE

7. STORAGE

16. MANATEE- ABOVE

25. SERVICE

8. HUMAN IMPACT EXHIBIT

17. ST. JOHNS RIVER LOOKOUT

26. MANATEE SERVICE

MANATEE/ DOLPHIN RESCUE REHAB HOSPITAL 1. LOBBY

8. LABORATORY

2. SERVICE

9. FOOD PREP

3. STORAGE

10. MANATEE TANKS

4. OFFICES

11. EXAM ROOMS

5. CONFERENCE ROOM

12. RECOVERY ROOMS

6. LOCKER ROOM

13. RIVER ACCESS

7. SCUBA GEAR ROOM

14. DOLPHIN TANKS

116

5 6

7 R

8 B

9 2 1

10 5

14 1 A

4 2

7 3

Fig. 6.05 Plans Third Level

117

AQUARIUM THIRD LEVEL R. REST ROOMS

7. EXHIBIT SERVICE

12. SHARK COVE SERVICE

1. LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM EXHIBIT

8. KELP EXHIBIT SERVICE/ LOBBY FISH TANK

13. CORAL REEF SERVICE

2. GIFT SHOP

SERVICE

14. OCEAN TANK

3. CLASSROOM

9. LOBBY/ELEVATOR TANK SERVICE

4. VENUE/ EVENT SPACE

10. SERVICE

5. KID’S PLAY ZONE

11. TROPICAL EXHIBIT SERVICE/ HOLDING

6. STORAGE/ SERVICE/ JANITORIAL

TANKS

MANATEE/ DOLPHIN RESCUE RESEARCH FACILITY 1. TRAINING ROOM

6. LABORATORIES

2. EMPLOYEE LOUNGE

7. JANITORIAL

3. BREAK ROOM 4. LOCKER ROOM 5. STORAGE

118

8 7

9 6

Fig. 6.06 Plans Upper Levels

119

UPPER LEVELS OF AQUARIUM AND RESCUE RESEARCH FACILITY 1. OCEAN TANK SERVICE

8. TRAINING

2. HOLDING TANKS

9. LOCKER ROOM

3. FOOD PREP

10. LABORATORY

4. SCUBA GEAR 5. SERVICE ELEVATOR 6. ACCESS HALL 7. SERVICE BRIDGE

120

Fig. 6.07 Section A- Longitudinal Section through Entry Tunnel

121

122

Fig. 6.08 Section B- Transverse Section through Exploration Lobby

123

Fig. 6.09 West Elevation

124

Fig. 6.10 South Elevation

125

126

Fig. 6.11 West Exterior Perspective

127

128

Fig. 6.12 Entrance Oculus

129

Fig. 6.13 Lobby

130

Fig. 6.14 Kelp Tank Ramp

131

Fig. 6.15 Exploration Lobby

132

Fig. 6.16 Coral Reef Exhibit

133

Fig. 6.17 Manatee Exhibit Below

134

Fig. 6.18 Manatee Exhibit Above

135

Fig. 6.19 St. Johns River Lookout

136

Fig. 6.20 River Exterior Perspective

137

138

Fig. 6.21 Masterplan Model 1

139

Fig. 6.22 Masterplan Model 2

140

Fig. 6.23 Aquarium Model 1

141

Fig. 6.24 Aquarium Model 2

142

CONCLUSION

Chapter 7:

Conclusion The intention of this thesis was to develop a worldclass aquarium that will not only educate and entertain the community but to be seen as a potential source of revenue to the downtown area of Jacksonville for further developmental projects along the river’s edge. Choosing an aquarium typology over other building types would establish an atmosphere of recreation and entertainment along the St. Johns River in an area that is otherwise desolate. Many cities have done exactly this. For instance, Baltimore, Maryland in the 1980’s completely transformed their waterfront into the state’s number one tourist destination today by simply starting with the addition of an aquarium, that was soon followed by a wave of redevelopment in the surrounding area. The Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta

145

is also responsible for the current progression in their

bringing the aquarium to the people, meaning they

neighborhood.

could freely interact with the building. Creating a tunnel

Which brings up another question; “Can an

through the building allowed for the dynamic along

aquarium, solely serve as the catalyst for revitalization?”

the newly proposed Riverwalk to continue flowing, it

The answer is yes and no. Yes, it would be a stepping

addressing the need for a unique experience for an

stone for financial gain to the community. However,

aquarium both outside and in.

without the development of additional entertainment

With a lack of information on how much space

venues, restaurants, shopping, and hospitality the area

is required for the operation of an aquarium from

will simply not sustain.

previous cases, it was problematic at times, as an they

Challenges in how this aquarium would represent

are designed for both human and aquatic life. What

the area and be an experience that differs from other

has been discovered throughout the design process,

aquariums alike in a commutable distance, were ever

is that there is a ratio of required space needed for

present. “What would set this aquarium apart from

the private complex operations of an aquarium to the

them?”, was a question that was consistently asked

public exhibition spaces. Through case studies and this

throughout this thesis.

project, it was evident that sixty percent of the gross

Stepping back from various design attempts, the realization for uniqueness was found in the idea of

square footage should be the support, behind-thescenes functionality of an aquarium.

146

The goal of this thesis was to prove the argument that an aquarium would be a feasible solution for revitalizing a community. Through research, design, and with a knowledgable connection with city, this project is plausible and beneficial in many ways. Jacksonville is the largest city in the lower fortyeight states. As it is continuing to expand outward from the city center of downtown, an aquarium will contribute to a young, vibrant, prosperous downtown. It will make the city a desirable vacation destination for both local and foreign visitors. Provide jobs and a solid foundation for the growth of developmental projects that will enhance the cities appeal and vitality.

Fig. 7.01 Downtown Jacksonville Aerial View

147

148

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THE RIVER CITY AQUARIUM:

Making a Difference Along the Edge

Friendship Fountain park with Jacksonville History Museum Redesigning the park

FIRST COAST AQUARIUM

Maritime Museum with Naval Ship

A Maritime Museum will enrich the area as another point of interest along the riverfront, placed on the south shore where a major shipping manufacturing was once located.

Public Either a museum, public space, or hotel. This would be another place, seen as a point of interest along the north bank. Provide an entertainment component to the

Relocation of MOSH.

Museum of Science

Existing Fire Museum river walk, the existing Fire Museum will be more accessible and known.

Connecting the green space outside the stadium will provide an axis to the river. Redesign the park with elements of an Urban Park, similar to Chicago’s Millennium Park, will promote Metro Park interaction with an area that otherwise desolate.

Convention Center A modern programmed museum, digital arts, Museum would be another place, seen as a point of interest along the north bank. With outdoor space for movies in the park.

Green Space with western end of Ferris Wheel the river walk. It is

adjacent to the Landing and hotels.

Ferry

Entertainment Boardwalk Through the development of the eastern end of the

Bring the success of the Riverside Arts Market to the Downtown area Market Pavilions through varies programming of these pavilions.

This placement would have a stronger connection to the neighboring hotels and community. As well as an overall connection to the places along the river.

$UHD ÀOOHG ZLWK Restaurants, shops and attraction; such as paddle boating in the pond.

Hotels Mixed Use Connect each end of the river walk through similar needs of hotels and mixed-use developments. Also, it will give the eastern end river walk with FRQVWDQW YLVLWRU WUDIÀF

Route

5-10 minute walk

10-15 minute walk

MASTER PLAN

Lobby

THESIS STATEMENT: CHATTANOOGA

Establishing an aquarium will serve as the catalyst that unites a city that is dormant to its own state. With limited connectivity along the river’s edge in the heart of city, in addition to the aquarium, a master plan will be developed for the surrounding area that been disconnected from the Downtown core for more than a decade. This thesis will focus on strengthening the connections with not only the city but with the river as well. Through the integration of recreation, education, and entertainment within programming of both facility and district, it will promote revitalization that is essential for the progression of the largest city in the continental United States, and hopes, ignite a city’s revenue and identity.

ATLANTA

CHARLESTON

Jacksonville

SAVANNAH

ALBANY

JACKSONVILLE NEW ORLEANS St. Augustine

ORLANDO

TAMPA

MIAMI

Duval County, Florida

Northeast Region

2 hour proximity to other aquaria attractions.

Entrance Oculus PROGRAM

USERS

EXPERIENCES

service Restrooms Circulation Administration

resteruant

Placing the exhibitions closest to the river on the southern end of the site to promote that intuitive connection with the water, even though it may be unknown to the visitor inside, until they have the opportunity to experience the river overlook.

FAMILIES

For comparison to scale; other aquariums within the southeastern region of the states were chosen for diagrams to demonstrate their size in relation to the site in Jacksonville.

Tic ram k In et fo O Lo rm ffic b a e Re by tio n/ st Re A ro d om ce G min s pti ift is on Re Sh tra st o ti Kit ua p on c ra Riv he nt/ er n Ve O E nu c x Tr ea hib e op n it A re Hu ic Exh ion a m al ib M an Ex itio hib n ic G rob De itio a io st Stu llery lo ruc n g ti IM den Exh y E on A t ib xh E Bre X Th Ed itio ibit xhib u n io it n io Lo ak ea ca n c R te tio Ba ke oo r na lR th r m Sc ro Roo oo u o m m D ba ms s olp G M h ea a in r Ba na Ex Ro c te h o Ve kst e E ibit ms te ag xh ion Re ri e ib se na A it Fo a ria re ion o rc n a Sto d P h L Ex re a a M rag p bo m R e e Ro ra o W cha om tori om a n s es s Ele ter ic al c Se tric rv a W ic l ast e E e ntr Fa a cili nc e ty

Backstage area

STUDENTS

West Elevation Scale: 1” = 50’

Pro

Entrance

Kelp Tank Ramp

Programming was derived from the idea of the aquarium being separated into two main entities; the exhibits and a research rescue center for manatees and dolphins.

GROUPS

Classificaton Public Private

exhibitions RESEARCHERS

IMPACTS ON A CITY:

IMPACTS ON A CITY

The impact from 38, AZA accredited faculties in the United States...

Georgia Aquarium at Atlanta Opened November, 2005

National Aquarium at Baltimore, MD Opened August, 1981

32 million ANNUAL VISITORS

25,500 SUPPORTED JOBS

9 million

CHILDREN VISITORS WITH FAMILIES

CASE STUDY

2.2 million ANNUAL VISITORS

3.6 million VISITORS FIRST YEAR

2,400

SUPPORTED JOBS

STUDENT LEARNERS ON FIELD TRIPS

IN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

1.2 million* VISITORS IN FIRST YEAR

3,347

SUPPORTED JOBS

$205 million

2.2 million

$2.9 BILLION

CASE STUDY

1.5 million ANNUAL VISITORS

$206.5 million IN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Fig. A.01 Final Exhibition Boards 1

Spent on lodging, transportation, food, shopping, gas and recreation.

$17.9 million IN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

2012, CITY OF BALTIMORE, STATE OF MARYLAND AND THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

FLINT RIVERQUARIUM, ALBANY, GA 54,00 SQ FT

CHARLESTON AQUARIUM, SC 93,000 SQ FT

NEW ORLEANS AQUARIUM, LA 200,000 SQ FT

FLORIDA AQUARIUM, TAMPA 250,000 SQ FT

GEORGIA AQUARIUM, ATLANTA 550,000 SQ FT

South EElevation Scale: Sc cale: 1” = 50’

FLOOR PLANS 50’ 150’

300’

7 1

UPPER LEVELS OF AQUARIUM AND RESCUE RESEARCH FACILITY

1. OCEAN TANK SERVICE 2. HOLDING TANKS 3. FOOD PREP 4. SCUBA GEAR 5. SERVICE ELEVATOR 6. ACCESS HALL 7. SERVICE BRIDGE 8. TRAINING 9. LOCKER ROOM 10. LABORATORY

3 2 5

5 7

AQUARIUM THIRD LEVEL

A. RESTROOMS 1. LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM EXHIBIT 2. GIFT SHOP 3. CLASSROOM 4. VENUE/ EVENT SPACE 5. KID’S PLAY ZONE 7. STORAGE/ SERVICE/ JANITORIAL 8. EXHIBIT SERVICE

13 2 1

9. KELP EXHIBIT SERVICE/ LOBBY FISH TANK SERVICE 10. SERVICE 11. TROPICAL EXHIBIT SERVICE/ HOLDING TANKS 12. SHARK COVE SERVICE 13. CORAL REEF SERVICE 14. OCEAN TANK

10 12

6 4

MANATEE/ DOLPHIN RESCUE RESEARCH FACILITY

1. TRAINING ROOM 2. EMPLOYEE LOUNGE 3. BREAK ROOM 4. LOCKER ROOM 5. STORAGE 6. LABORATORY 7. JANITORIAL

7 6

Exploration Lobby Lobby

Manatee Exhibit Above

AQUARIUM SECOND LEVEL 10

A. RESTROOMS 1. EXHIBIT ENTRY/ KELP TANK 2. EXPLORATION LOBBY 3. MICROBIOLOGY EXHIBIT 4. GALLERY EXHIBIT 5. RESTAURANT/ EVENT SPACE 6. KITCHEN 7. STORAGE 8. HUMAN IMPACT EXHIBIT 9. TROPICAL EXHIBIT 10. CORAL REEF EXHIBIT 11. SHARK COVE EXHIBIT 12. AUDIO VISUAL ROOM

21 2 11

3 9

1 5 12

6 4

8 7

11 12

13. EXHIBIT SERVICE 14. RIVER OTTER SERVICE 15. RIVER OTTER- ABOVE 16. MANATEE- ABOVE 17. ST. JOHNS RIVER LOOKOUT 18. DEEP OCEAN EXHIBIT 19. OCEAN TANK TUNNEL 20. OCEAN TANK VIEWING WINDOW 21. LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM EXHIBIT 22. STORAGE 23. EXHIBIT SERVICE 24. SERVICE 25. MANATEE SERVICE

MANATEE/ DOLPHIN RESCUE RESEARCH FACILITY 13

24 15 25

1. LOBBY 2. SERVICE 3. STORAGE 4. OFFICES 5. CONFERENCE ROOM 6. LOCKER ROOM 7. SCUBA GEAR ROOM

8. LABORATORY 9. FOOD PREP 10. MANATEE TANKS 11. EXAM ROOMS 12. RECOVERY ROOMS 13. RIVER ACCESS 14. DOLPHIN TANKS

16 17

Site Plan

Coral Reef Exhibit

Manatee Exhibit Below

St. Johns River Lookout

LOWER LEVELS: ENTRANCE/ LOBBY LEVEL: 1. ENTRY OCULUS 2. LOBBY 3. TICKETING 4. WHEELCHAIR/ STROLLER/ COAT CHECK 5. STORAGE 6. SERVICE ELEVATOR 7. PUMP ROOM

A 4

A. RESTROOMS B

LOWER TROPICAL EXHIBIT/ RIVER EXHIBIT: 8. SHARK COVE EXHIBIT 9. JELLYFISH EXHIBIT 10. EXHIBIT SERVICE 11. PUMP ROOM 12. RIVER EXHIBITION 13. MANATEE EXHIBIT 14. RIVER OTTER EXHIBIT 15. FILTRATION ROOM 16. STORAGE

A A

10 12 16

Section A

Scale: 1” = 30’

Section B

Scale: 1” = 30’

Fig. A.02 Final Exhibition Boards 2

:APPENDICES

Fig. A.03 Final Exhibition Display

:APPENDICES