Art of Science 2018

ON VIEW

FEBRUARY 22 APRIL 18, 2018 TO

RUST HALL, MEMPHIS COLLEGE OF ART RECEPTION

MARCH 2, 2018, 6-8PM

The Art of Science collective is a group of people who are interested in relationships between art and science, and the bonds that can form between researchers and creative minds.

The AOS 2018 exhibition features local researchers from Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital & The University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC) collaborating with Memphis artists to bring their respective works to the community.On opening night both the artists and the scientists will be present to discuss their work.

Scientific images created by Le Bonheur’s researchers spark the imaginations of local artists, who are each subsequently paired paired with the doctor or scientist whose research inspired them. The exhibit features the work of more than two dozen artists alongside the scientific images that informed their creative process. Our carefully juried pool of artists engage the imaginations of Memphians through different types of art installations, which help communicate the significance of specific research. Illnesses, infections, treatments, and even testing methods are artfully reinterpreted. Through this collaborative effort, Art of Science builds bridges between the artistic and scientific communities, revealing the powerful beauty of both.

Through its dedication to research and teaching, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital is paving the way for a better future in children’s health care. Le Bonheur is home to the Children’s Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), a partnership between Le Bonheur, UTHSC and Children’s Foundation of Memphis that is committed to finding new discoveries in pediatric medicine. Le Bonheur also partners with UTHSC to train a new generation of pediatric subspecialists and health care clinicians. Le Bonheur continues to develop an infrastructure to support research and to enhance collaboration among its physician scientists.

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s c i e n t i f i c i m a ge b y

Dr. Kim Lemessurier

There is increasing evidence that bacteria that exist asymptomatically in our bodies can influence susceptibility to a multitude of diseases. Chronic conditions such as asthma, a common disease of the airways, may skew or even change the bacterial species inhabiting our lungs. This, in turn, may make us vulnerable to pathogenic bacteria and viruses. These blood agar plates show growth of bacteria from the homogenized lungs of allergic mice. Non-allergic mice had no culturable bacteria. This exemplifies how a common airway disease such as allergic asthma can affect the diversity of respiratory commensals, and potentially our susceptibility to infectious diseases.

i n t e r p re t e d b y

Amanda Nalley

Amanda Nalley graduated from Memphis College of Art in 2013 with a BFA and a concentration in Sculpture. Since graduating she has worked as Lead Fabricator at Youngblood Studio here in Memphis. Her personal work is mostly inspired by her annual trips to Horn Island, taken each year with alum, faculty, and current students of MCA. 3

scientific image by

Dr. Lebron Cooper

Mitral regurgitation is leakage of blood backward through the mitral valve each time the left ventricle of the heart contracts. A leaking mitral valve allows some blood to flow back in the opposite direction into the atrium. This leakage can cause problems that increase blood volume and pressure in the area.

This increase in local blood pressure can extend to the veins leading from the lungs to the heart and in severe regurgitation can cause congestion or fluid build-up in the lungs.

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interpre t e d by

Alexander Paulus

I was told this scientific image had something to do with an underdeveloped muscle, which would explain why babies vomit all the time. I immediately thought about painting a puking baby and that made me really happy. I’ve also been thinking about life and politics a lot lately. I feel like this piece ties all of those things together quite nicely. Also, puking sucks, but it usually makes you feel better. I hope you like this painting. And I hope it makes YOU feel better.

Born to be alive Acrylic and oil on canvas

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scien t if ic im a g e by

Dr. Mark Corkins

The villi are a beautiful picture of the normal surface of the small intestine.

To increase the surface area to absorb nutrition from the food passing through the GI tract we have villi. These long “fingers” of the lining float with the digesting food around them and absorb nutrients when they are broken down to a basic level.

Fatty liver is a disease state. When we consume more calories than we need, we begin to store fat. One of the places where fat is stored is the liver cells. Here the “white spaces” are fat deposits in the liver cells. Eventually this can lead to inflammation and the liver creating fibrous tissue that harms the liver.

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Villi Acrylic paint, Foil appliquĂŠ, Glass paint

i n t e r p re t e d b y

Alexandria Bell

The image of villi in the anatomy of the body are tiny tentacle-like vascular projections that vaguely resemble hairs according to the research of Dr. Mark Corkins.

They increase the surface area of the membrane by lining the small intestine. The villi have a key role in how food is absorbed in the digestion system. Most digestion occurs in the stomach where enzymes help break down all proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates that are absorbed by the villi. These villi are covered by microvilli that gives it a brush like structure to increase the amount of absorption. They are high in blood vessels that provide a direct flow of nutrients into the blood. The liver is the second largest organ on the body. Its function is to process what we eat, drink, and filter harmful substances from the blood. The fatty liver occurs when there is a buildup of extra fats in the liver. It can be a reversible condition just by changing the diet and lifestyle. This collection consists of villi and the fatty liver that I have transformed into imaginative figures. Based on this research I created two pieces; one on villi and the other on the fatty liver. In this mixed media collage, I incorporated vivid colors and textures that represent my creative thoughts while viewing this ongoing medical research.

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Mouse with a malocclusion in ter p reted b y

Amy Lynne Hofstetter

Mice may seem insignificant, but these tiny soldiers have a huge impact on human health through medical research. Though this mouse’s remains make for a gritty image, I was captivated by the transparent skeleton and delicate structures. “Fluid Development” came from my exploration of the smaller fluid passages within the skeleton as well as the elongated incisors.

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scientific image by

Dr. Ioannis Dragatsis

This mouse has malocclusion (see size and shape of incisors). The incisors of rodents continue to grow throughout life. A malocclusion is a misalignment or incorrect relation between the teeth of the two dental arches when they approach each other as the jaws close. Malocclusion occurs in mice when the incisors overgrow because the mandibular and maxillary teeth are not normally aligned.

Humans and some animal species are prone to malocclusion. Rodents are especially prone to malocclusion, since their open-rooted incisors continue to grow throughout life.

Fluiditiy Mixed Media on Panel

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scientif ic im a g e by

Melody J. Cunningham, MD

I have the privilege of working with families as the Director of our Threads of Care, Pediatric Palliative Care program at Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital. Families allow our team to walk beside them on journeys that may be brief or years long. Our sacred work allows us to get to know them and help to guide them through difficult journeys of serious illness. We have many tools but I find that listening is the most sacred. And I assure you that you can pick up more information when you are listening than when you are talking,” is a sage line in E. B. White’s, The Trumpet of the Swan. In the book, the Trumpeter Swan is born without a voice and learns to listen exquisitely. We use that quote as we mentor about compassionate communication. We often simply ask about what the family has heard and about their hopes and worries. We then stop talking. Nearly always, with minimal other probing, a complete picture of fears, needs, misconceptions and strengths emerges.

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What Ties Us Together Pen and ink on paper

interpre t e d by

Ashley Gerst

I knew I wanted to work with Dr. Melody Cunningham and her contributions to the palliative care field because of my personal experience with the loss of my little brother Logan when I was 16. I have been meaning to make work that explored the experience for a long time, but it is difficult and we often stray away from those difficult conversations even within ourselves. When we lost Logan, we did not have anyone from the hospital to help us through the recovery, so I took on the role of care giver for my mourning mother The experience brought my mother and I closer and taught me a lot about what it means to truly be there for someone. My intention with this series of portraits is that my work will add to the palliative care that these patients are already receiving, and that the art can bring them some amount of closure and peace.

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scientif ic im a g e by

Dr. Ramin Almezadeh Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor in a child with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome Summary: Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCT) are a type of sex cord cell tumors (SCST), a rare type of tumors making up to less than 7% of ovarian tumors but with a cumulatively increased risk of up to 20% in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS). Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition characterized primarily by mucocutaenous (oral and vaginal) pigmentation and intestinal polyposis. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCT) are sex-cord neoplasms that can occur in patients with PJS. SLCT may present with symptoms similar to those of other ovarian tumors such as abdominal pain or distention, gastrointestinal symptoms, or abdominal mass. These patients often have clinical signs of sex hormone production and may present with isosexual precocity, primary or secondary amenorrhea, and/or virilization.

Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor in a child with Peutz-Jeghers 12

The Importance of Speaking Up Digital print

(detail)

i n t e r p re t e d b y

Ashli Aaron I am honored to have the opportunity to be involved in the Art of Science exhibition as an artist and graduate student at the Memphis College of Art. This piece for the exhibit was inspired by the way researchers locate specific cells using luminescence imaging. The images created in this way are beautiful and can easily be mistaken for art. I wanted to emulate that and provide a sense of transparency to the viewer as their eyes explore the piece.

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Histopathology Parathyroid Carcinoma

int e rp re t e d b y

Bill Price

I was most inspired by Dr. Diaz’s stained cell images due to their intricate patterns and brilliant colors. My initial interest grew after communicating with Dr. Diaz and receiving additional research images; solidifying the concept for my sculpture. In response to her images I decided to create a lidded vessel reminiscent of a single cell.

Upon further inspection the surface of the vessel reveals a complex of smaller cell-like components and textures. Furthermore, the interior of the vessel houses an assortment of sculptural forms representing the various organelles found within living cells. The piece is comprised of textured carbon steel and enameled copper patterned to reference Dr. Diaz’s original cell images.

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Container for Misplaced Cells Steel, Copper, Enamel, Pewter, Wood

scientific image by

Dr. Alicia Diaz Thomas I am a pediatric endocrinologist who cares for children and adolescents born with atypical genitalia and pubertal disruptions. There are many different reasons for these conditions. Depending on what conditions are included, the incidence ranges from 1:100000 for ovotesticular differences in sexual development (DSD) to 1:2000 for hypospadias and cryptorchidism. My research in this population entails trying to understand the inciting problem that caused the change, trying to provide the best course of medical treatment for patients that have had these changes (we work as a team with urologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, geneticists, genetic counselors, neonatologists, gynecologists and an ethicist), and trying to understand the best ways that we as medical professionals can help support the child and family with these conditions.

These slides are from one of my very first patients with DSD I met here in Memphis. This was a 13 year old who was brought by his mother to discuss some breast development he was having (gynecomastia). The slides themselves are from his gonads; a sample was taken during surgical evaluation as they did not appear to be normal testicles. The samples have both testicular tissue as well as ovarian tissue (ovotestis). This young person had germ cells that could be “eggs� as one would find in an ovary. They also had cells that should be able to provide support for sperm cells. We published a series of these patients that we encountered that had germ cells present in their gonads. We, along with other physicians working in this field, believe that these patients that were thought to be infertile do have some reproductive capability and that this should be discussed with the patients. Most likely, the reproductive cells (germ cells) are more present in younger patients and likely rapidly decrease as they get older.

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Odor Map of the Brain

scientif ic im a g e by

Dr. Jordan Ross

I work with mice trying to understand how the brain changes in response to learning something – specifically I’m interested in understanding how processing of an odor changes in the olfactory bulb after you teach a mouse that odor is fearful. The really interesting thing about the olfactory bulb is that every single odor is uniquely represented by a pattern of neuronal activation – basically an odor-specific map in the brain; no two odors will have the same map and a single odors will basically always produce the same map. This means I can look at how the map changes before and after learning.

So what we have here is the map of a single odor (smells like red apples) before learning (in green) and then after learning that odor is fearful (in red). Once merged, anything that shows up yellow are cells that are part of the odor map both before and after learning, anything that is green was only part of the map before learning (there’s nothing that’s really just green), and anything red was only part of the map after learning (which there’s a bunch of).

What this means is that learning an odor is scary is actually changing the way that odor is represented in the brain.

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inter pre t e d b y

Darcie Beeman-Black

Darcie is currently a Master of Fine Arts in Metals candidate for Spring 2018 at Memphis College of Art. Precious metal fabrication is her specialty. For this project, the silver casted mouse skull exhibits the research performed by Dr. Ross about the memory of fear and the role of olfaction processes found in mice when introduced to different smells.

The imagery on top of the skull signifies the brain scans of a mouse before and after introduction to feared chemical compounds.

When the olfactory bulbs introduce notable feared aromas to the mouse, the scans allow Dr. Ross to track the physiological changes in the messages processed in the brain.

Neuronal Activation Scan Silver, Opal, Wood, Magnifying glass

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scien t if ic im a g e by

Dr. Cody Thornburgh Our study was measuring the Neurocognitive Developmental of normal, healthy children who participated in the large cohort study CANDLE (Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood). We wanted to create a baseline set of data to be compared to various subsets of children that we see in our clinics at Le Bonheur. One of the measures we looked at is called Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), which is a specialized brain MRI that actually can look at individual areas of the brain being utilized or “lit up.� This image is one of the networks that appeared in our children called the Dorsal Attention Network.

This network has been believed to be associated with moods and attentions and is suspected to be different in individuals with learning disorders, such as Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder. It so happens that this network in our study of 30 healthy children turned out to be a smiling face when reveal in a cross section.

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Happy Brain Acrylic, Ink, Marker

interpre t e d by

Erica McCarrens

My art has always been influenced by science. Whether I am painting Hubble Telescope images or cancer cells, the inspiration I pull from the natural world is enough to keep me painting for a lifetime.

I am honored and thrilled to be working with the images from Cody Thornburgh’s studies. In my representation, I’ve combined parts of his brain scan with the impressions of active children. Since Mr. Thornburgh’s “Smiling Brain” picture was perfectly simplistic, much like a happy, healthy child, I chose to keep my rendition fairly literal.

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C2C12 cells

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s c ie nt if ic i m a ge b y

Dr. Erin Stephenson

These skeletal muscle fibers were obtained by dissecting out one of the tiny muscles in the foot of a mouse, and digesting it in an enzyme that dissolves all the surrounding connective tissues to reveal only the individual muscle fibers. Some of the fibers in this image are damaged (the shorter, more pink fibers) whereas others have come out of the digestion process intact (the longer fibers). The striations of the sarcomeres are easily identified in these longer fibers. I study skeletal muscle because it plays an integral role in determining a person’s overall health, especially metabolic health. I am interested in understanding the ways in which nutrient sensing, energy transformation and nutrient storage pathways in muscle (and other tissues like adipose and liver) are altered during obesity, exercise, and other conditions of energy stress. int e rp re t e d b y

O. Gustavo Plascencia

Dr. Erin Stephenson’s research yielded the images I used as inspiration and starting point for this collaboration. Although one could talk about the images in terms of biomedical research, muscle, or skeletal fiber.

I saw them mostly as visual data and I tried to deduce their use or purpose. I looked at this data, data that I didn’t fully understood, yet they mean something to someone, even if the meaning was lost on me. Looking at the data, I was drawn to its abstract nature. What am I looking at? Is it a skyscape or waterscape? Dare I say… a landscape?

Since I moved to Memphis less than two years ago, I’ve been fascinated by its flora – everything grows here – this fascination has led me to collect some data of my own the one way I know, using photographic methods. The images you see are lumen prints, however instead of following the rules and fixing the images, I’ve been scanning them half way through the process to capture the in-between stages of the process to highlight the ephemeral nature of my data collection and its contents. The materials used to create these images are leaves, foliage; yet these images are reminiscent of turn of the century sky and space images. Are we looking at bodies of water or the sky? What is the context? Are they microscopic or immense?

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Overlay scientif ic im a g e by

Dr. Eszter Volgyi 22

The image below represents bundles of myelinated nerve cell projections in a human’s brain. With proper imaging we can visualize the location and the orientation of these bundles that can look different in certain patient populations.

in ter p reted b y

Jan Hankins

When I saw Dr. Volgyi’s image of neural pathways I could see a psychedelic tree.

The song Strawberry Fields Forever came to mind. John Lennon’s line, ”No one I think is in my tree”, stressed his feeling of being on another “wavelength” as evidenced in the scratched out line on the original lyric sketch. We all have our pathways, retraced and changed.

Maybe we all have our own neural “fingerprint” that changes over time.

In My Tree Acrylic on canvas 23

scientif ic im a g e by

Dr. Toni Whitaker

How a child plays, learns, speaks, acts, and moves are important indicators of child development.The art of a child can provide wonderful clues about some of these skills.

i n t e r p re t e d b y

Melissa Farris

I’ve always been impressed with the way Le Bonheur treats children and their families with such empathy. Doctors and staff at LeBonheur don’t just attend to physical needs, they study behaviors and psychology through play and creative activity, then use this knowledge to improve patient outcomes. Patient care even extends to the parents and siblings who are affected by a child’s time in the hospital. LeBonheur’s Art Cart program is part of this holistic approach to treatment.

Last fall, the Child Life Department and the volunteers that run the Art Cart collaborated with MCA to produce an exhibit called Le Monster. Kid patients drew monsters as a way to relieve stress during their time in the hospital, which were then distributed to local arists to be reinterpreted. Gray Nix drew a fuzzy green monster, and I imagined what it would look like if a mad scientist tried to genetically engineer monsters in a lab. This image shows a Monoculus Monstrous in the larvae stage.

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in ter p reted b y

Jasmin Cage

Black and White and Red All Over Acrylic on paper

scientif ic im a g e by

I can only hope that I’ve done Dr. Philip’s work justice with my artistic rendering of the human heart- Memphis style.

I incorporated textures both weathered and slick, organic and fabricated. Due to a serious childhood illness my own heart has been healed by science in the literal sense and touched by several dedicated physicians in a metaphysical way. I’m proud to give something back.

Dr. Ranjit Raju Philip

This is a novel technique for transcatheter device closure of the patent ductus arteriosus ( PDA) in extremely low birth weight preterm neonates. The images on top ie A C E G show the different types of PDA morphology. B,D,F, and H show the types of devices used to close these PDAs. C and E show the long and tortuous morphology of the PDAs that we have reclassified as the Type F ( fetal type ) PDA.

Transcatheter Device Closure of the Patent Ductus Arteriosus 25

scientif ic im a g e b y

Dr. Sandra Arnold

This is a radiograph of the lower leg of a Kenyan child named Mumo.

Mumo was seen by a pediatrician who had completed his residency training at Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital and then moved to Kenya to work for two years after graduation. I received an email from him with photographs of Mumo, the x-rays of his bones, and photos of the pathologic slides from a biopsy of bone. His bones were riddled with these holes with soft tissue masses overlying them, as well as fever and enlarged liver and spleen. He had been treated for tuberculosis at a large hospital in Nairobi but did not improve.

The physician asked for my help with Mumo. I reviewed the photos of the pathology slides with a Le Bonheur pathologist, and we determined that there were microorganisms inside the bone cells and white bloods cells. I wondered if this could be a disease called Leishmaniasis, which is caused by a parasite transmitted by fly bites in tropical regions of the world, as I had seen photos of that disease with a similar microscopic appearance. Lacking in expertise in tropical pathology, I searched for researchers who had studied Leishmaniasis in East Africa and found a physician in England who had published research in this area. Within an hour of my sending him these photos, he emailed back stating that he thought that this looked like African Histoplasmosis, a fungal infection, and that he had taken the liberty of sharing the photos with a man who he described as the “best tropical pathologist in the world.” Within an hour, the pathologist determined that this was, in fact, African Histoplasmosis. Mumo was treated with an intravenous anti-fungal medicine called amphotericin B. After one month he transitioned to an oral drug called itraconazole. After eleven months, Mumo was cured. This case is unforgettable to me for a variety of reasons.

First, we have Histoplasmosis here in Memphis. It is common in the Mississippi River Valley due to a fungus that lives in the soil called Histoplasma capsulatum. Most people here are infected with it at some point but the vast majority have no idea they have been infected as illness is mild or without symptoms completely.

Because Mumo’s infection was more severe than infections we see here in Memphis, it was difficult to diagnose. I am amazed that Le Bonheur’s reach extends around the world: one of our doctors went to Kenya, then sought help from us back here in Memphis and ultimately the diagnosis was confirmed by experts in England. We live in a very small and wonderfully connected world.

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interpre t e d by

Jonah Westbrook

My selection from Dr. Sandra Arnold is a case of histoplasmosis, a disease caused by the inhalation of the dimorphic fungi Histoplasma capsulatum. H. capsulatum is a naturally occurring fungi that begins as a mold-like form which, when it is inhaled, converts to a yeast-like form in warm blooded hosts. That fungi then attaches itself to the host’s white blood cells and can cause a number of symptoms including masses under that skin that generally develop the hosts extremities and cause lesions in the bones.

It’s In the Dirt Acrylic, Screen print on wood

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scien t if ic im a g e by

Dr. Amali Samarasinghe

Transmission electron microscopy image of a mouse eosinophil exposed to Aspergillus fumigatus allergen and pandemic influenza A virus. Stimulation leads to eosinophil activation and degranulation by enlargement and progressive emptying of cytoplasmic secretory granules (piecemeal degranulation).

Release of specific granulederived products may be associated with antiviral defense in allergic hosts.

inter pre t e d by

Mallory Cowan

Mallory Cowan is a painter as well as art-educator born and raised in Memphis, TN. Her work aims to explore the internal makeup of biological systems. Through manipulation of paint in many layers, she tends to create a “cell-scape� that stands proudly in its own atmosphere.

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Brain Gene Expression Network

scientific im a g e b y

Dr. Khyobeni Mozhui

This clustering dendrogram or “gene tree” represents the networks formed by ~13,000 genes that are expressed in the brain. Think of it as a family tree, but for genes. Each branch that droops down represents a major family of genes that may be working closely together and are tightly correlated in expression pattern. All living cells are made up of a milieu of tens of thousands of molecules that are encoded by the genes (basically the messages contained in our DNA). The brain is an extremely complex collection of cells, and in essence, functions such as behavior, vision, memory, etc. emerge from this “soup of molecules”. Here we used laser capture microscopy to dissect small regions of the brain that have been implicated in addiction related behavior. We extracted the gene products called mRNA from these cells, and measured the expression levels of the genes. We then applied a data mining tool called weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) that was developed by Steve Horvath of UCLA. His method is an elegant way to disentangle the intricate network of genes and allows us to visualize the organizational structure that lies within the cells of the brain. From these studies, we hope to understand the gene networks that underlies complex brain functions and how dysregulation of these may result in disease states.

in ter p reted b y

Paige Ellens

I was drawn to this exhibition, because I have always had an appreciation for projects that creatively challenge an artist. My goal is to work around issues and think about innovative methods to accomplish a project.

Both of which can be applied creatively and scientifically.

I chose to incorporate my most recent medium, VHS tape, because it is similar to the hair-like DNA molecules represented on the chart’s gene tree created by Dr. Mozhui. In addition, the spray painted lines of color represent the color-coded gene families all grouped together by varying functions.

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SPECT/CT Scan of a Mouse

scientif ic im a g e by

Dr. Jonathan Wall The image that Lance chose was a theoretical model of an amyloid fibril composed of immunoglobulin light chain variable domain protein fragments. These types of fibrils are associated with a rare but particularly devastating disease called light chainassociated (AL) amyloidosis. In these patients, light chain proteins are produced in abnormally high concentrations and fragments thereof self-aggregate to form wellordered fibrils that deposit in major organs and tissues, notable the kidney and heart.

This ultimately results in or damage and failure. Many years ago we developed a series of theoretical models of these fibrils, such as the one that was chosen, to help develop novel inhibitors of amyloid fibril formation. At the present time, there are still no detailed structures of light chain amyloid fibrils available; however, despite this, we have been able to develop two new drugs for this disease, which are in clinical trials, and a new diagnostic imaging agent, which will be evaluated in patients in the next few months.

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i n t e r p re t e d b y

Lance Turner

My intent for this project was to spread awareness about Amyloidosis. I copied the image because more images may translate to more awareness. I used thick brushstrokes to make this image my own, and I used metallic paint to reference the radiation and electromagnetism in the SPECT/CT process.

Copy of SPECT/CT Scan of a Mouse Acrylic on canvas

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Results of language mapping using hgECoG, fMRI, TMS, and CSM in nine patients scientif ic im a g e by

Dr. Abbas Babajani-Feremi

Dr. Babajani-Feremi at Le Bonheur’s Neuroscience Institute and University of Tennessee Health Science Center has developed and utilized subdural high gamma elecrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings to better map areas of the brain which control a patient’s speech capabilities before surgery for brain tumors and epilepsy. ECoG recordings in the high gamma (>50 Hz) frequency band provides researchers a reliable and accurate tool for language mapping. This method provides a detailed map to show language-specific brain areas. It also eliminates the risk of producing seizures during language mapping. Language-specific brain areas show high gamma activity during a language task, and based on that we can map the brain to see which area is related to language and which area is not. Using high gamma ECoG and other presurgical mapping techniques, we will be confident to get an optimal surgical outcome in our patients.

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i n t e r p re t e d b y

Marcus Menefee

When I first met with Dr. Babajani-Feremi he spoke of his research involving epilepsy.

Through the use of subdural high gamma elecrocorticographic recordings he is able to create a detailed map of brain and the areas associated with speech and language. He asks the patients to recite words associated with the words given to them through a recorded message. This then allows him to see areas of their brain associated with language and speech, highlighting any problem areas. The use of audio recordings in his research served as the foundation for my images. I created several base images of color and patterns, and then using audio editing and coding software I converted those images into raw data. This allowed me to overlay Dr. BabajaniFeremi’s recordings on top of my images creating several audio files. I then converted the audio files back into usable image formats that I combined into the images for my series using glitch-editing techniques. By using these recordings I was able to transform my images into abstract representations of both sight and sound. Thus creating flowing patterns of color and movement reminiscent of the audio files in which they were derived from, creating literal landscapes of the patient’s thoughts.

18m 14.218s; 9m 51.675s; 13m 06.319s Digital image created through converted audio

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scient if ic im a g e by

Dr. Azadeh Bahadoran

This fluorescent microscopy image is of an attempt to grow epithelial cells (green) from pediatric lung donors to study respiratory infections, but fibroblasts (red) overtook the culture. Epithelia cells line the airways and come in many types, some allow gas exchange in lung. These cells are the interface between inhaled air and your internal milieu. Inhaled air contains numerous substances, including particles like dust or pollen, toxic compounds, and microorganisms that may cause pulmonary injury. Since these cells are the first to encounter inhaled substances they are not just a barrier but also important instigators and regulators of host defense. We study respiratory viruses like Influenza virus because they are important public health problems, especially for children and the elderly. In my lab, we are trying to find the metabolic alterations required for viral respiratory replication.

These studies may lead to novel therapeutic approaches through targeted inhibition of speciďŹ c cellular metabolic pathways.

Respiratory Cells 34

Breath (detail) Vintage photos, Acrylic paint, Resin dyes, Resin, Glitter, Wood

interpre t e d by

Meredith Wilson

When I first saw this image, I was awestruck with its beauty as it could be an artwork unto itself. Instead of merely creating a carbon copy I decided to expand upon the research behind it and included some of the elements that are not visually represented in the slide. The image is from a child’s lung so when I found images of schoolchildren from the 1950’s and 60’s I collaged them into the shape of the respiratory system. The process that followed involved using several toxic materials that required me to use proper equipment so that my own lungs could not be affected by the harmful fumes that came from the resin and solvent based paint. There are several layers of resin and paint and each level represents a key element (cells, epithelias, and fibroblasts) mixed with glitter to represent the air pollutants that are present even though we cannot see them in the air.

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scient if ic im a g e by

Dr. Jay Lieberman

This picture represents a biopsy from a patient’s esophagus (food pipe). The purple and pink colors are seen in normal patients. The red staining cells represents eosinophils (named for the fact that they pick up the red color on this particular stain). Eosinophils in the esophagus are not normal, and in this particular case, they are infiltrating the esophagus due to a certain type of food allergy known as eosinophilic esophagitis.

Eosinophilic esophagitis can present at any age. In children it leads to symptoms such as poor growth, poor feeding, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. In adolescents and adults, it typically leads to trouble swallowing and food getting caught in the esophagus.

Eosinophilic Esophagitis “EoE� Eosinophils (staining red or purple) layered throughout the esophagus 36

Venerate Digital

interpre t e d by

Nick Hewlett

This work is a portrayal of eosinophilic esophagitis, a condition triggered by a food allergy which causes the tissue in the esophagus to become inflamed and result in difficulty swallowing. I was drawn to the colors used in the staining process, and the chaotic movement that seems to be taking place within the throat. I wanted to take this microscopic reaction and bring it to the surface of the body/throat. Using a color pallet inspired by the pathology tests.

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scientif ic im a g e by

Dr. Jim Bailey

The novel’s young physician-protagonist, Dr. Don Newman, discovers that Dante’s Inferno provides a perfect ethical framework for understanding the unjust misallocation of resources in American healthcare. Inspired by Botticelli’s magnificent map of the Inferno from the late 1400s and informed by his own study of epidemiology, biostatistics, and health economics, Dr. Newman draws this diagram in the back of his journal to detail the money spent, lives saved, and lives lost in each sector of the healthcare industry.

For every type of ethical or moral mistake that humans can make Dr. Newman finds a corollary mistake in healthcare. Where we spend the fewest dollars—on primary and preventive care—we get the most in terms of lives saved. But where we spend the most—on hospital rescue care and hyped care—we get little to nothing in terms of lives saved and a shocking number of lives lost. Dr. Don Newman discovers that—from the perspective of basic human values—U.S. allocation of healthcare resources is completely upside down.

Diagram of Healthcare Hell From the novel The End of Healing: A Journey through the Underworld of American Medicine The illustration was designed by Dr. Bailey and executed by artist Joel Hilgenberg with the assistance of Kim Coleman.

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in ter p reted b y

Nysha Oren Nelson

In this mandala the Hippocratic Oath is caught between the bottom line and the four pillars of the Healthcare industry. Imagery is hidden throughout asking the viewer to inspect closer to discover for themselves — at the center of everything they find themselves.

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scien t if ic im a g e by

Dr. Brian Peters Candida albicans is the most prevalent human fungal pathogen, causing a myriad of superficial and life-threatening diseases. The ability to switch from yeast (ovoid cells) to hyphae (long tube-like structures) allows this organism to invade tissue and adhere to biotic and abiotic surfaces in the form of three-dimensional biofilm structures embedded in a sugar exopolymeric matrix. Biofilms are notoriously difficult to dismantle once established, often complicating the use of indwelling medical devices and venous catheters and serve as infectious foci. In this image, C. albicans has been cultivated on catheter analogs as biofilms, stained with fluorescently tagged lectins, and imaged by confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) to identify carbohydrates exposed during biofilm growth. The lectins used were: Calcofluor White to identify chitin (blue), Galanthus Nivalis Lectin-fluorescein to identify a-1,3 mannose (green), and Concanavalin A-Texas Red to identify beta glucan (red). By determining which glycans are preferentially exposed during biofilm growth may lead to novel advances in prophylactic treatment or decontamination of surfaces and medical equipment to reduce incidence of candidiasis.

Candida biofilm stained with a cocktail of three fluorescently-labeled lectins.

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s c i e n c e ar tf u lly in ter p reted b y

Roann Mathias

The work that I usually create focuses on the intangible and esoteric nature of the written word. I am especially interested in the moment when gestural marks and lines begin to transform into actual letters and words. Color, line and texture are tools that I have used to create illegibility while remaining true to my foundations as an artist who works with words. My work combines layers of beautiful writing with areas of colored paint. These pieces evoke a sense of wonder in the viewer as they are drawn in while trying to decipher the written words.

For these reasons, I chose the research of Dr. Peters. His work to discover the way that microbes interact with each other within their “microbial communities� suggested the idea of communication. His slide of the virus is very similar to the kinds of gestural marks I use to turn squiggles of ink into complex systems of visual communication and meaning.

Complexity of Infection Acrylic on canvas

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science p rov id e d b y

Dr. Joan Han Obesity has become a world-wide epidemic and is a leading cause of preventable illnesses and premature death. The leptin signaling pathway is a key regulator of energy balance in animals and humans. Body weight is determined by the amount of calories consumed in food and drinks and the number of calories spent in physical activity and maintenance of bodily functions. Hormones from multiple organs, including the pancreas, gut, and fat, circulate in the bloodstream to reach the brain to control appetite and metabolic rate. Insufficient or defective hormones and receptors of the leptin pathway can lead to excess weight gain. Medications that target the leptin signaling pathway are being investigated as potential obesity treatments.

This is a schematic of the Leptin Signaling Pathway with arrows showing stimulatory action and lines with perpendicular ends show inhibitory action. Lines with arrowheads show stimulatory action. Lines with perpendicular end-blocks show inhibitory action.

Leptin Pathway 42

s c i e n c e ar tf u lly in ter p reted b y

Robert Allen Burns (vidi)

This piece illustrates leptin’s role in determining obesity. These molecules are a critical factor in the relationship between our appetite and our desire to expend energy. The character depicted is using a rope of leptin to climb to a healthier version of himself.

Rescued by Leptin Ink, Photoshop 43

science p rov id e d

Dr. Bindiya Bagga

This is the peripheral blood smear of a patient with a tickborne illness that is commonly seen in the mid-south region called Ehrlichiosis. What you see is the presence of a classic cluster of organisms known as morulae which if present in the leukocytes of the infected person is diagnostic. This disease is caused by two intracellular bacteria in our region: E. Chaffeensis, E. ewingii, both transmitted by the Lone Star tick (Amblyomma americanum).

During the first week of illness a microscopic examination of blood smears may reveal morulae (microcolonies of ehrlichiae) in the cytoplasm of white blood cells like in this case and may help in the diagnosis. The type of blood cell in which morulae are observed may provide insight into the infecting species: E. chaffeensis most commonly infects monocytes, E. ewingii more commonly infect granulocytes. Obviously, recognizing these inclusions requires an experienced pathologist, so the sensitivity and specificity of the test is operator-specific.

Blood cells

Lyme Cyanotype, Machine stitching

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s c i e nce ar tf u lly in ter p reted b y

Toni Collums Roberts

Looking closely at stained medical slides, I was drawn to the contrasting complimentary colors. I created a patterned cyanotype and machine stitched on top of the print loosely referencing images of the Lyme disease virus. The ticks from a distance disappear, creating an optical illusion of an indiscernible texture.

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science p rov id e d

Dr. Enke Purejav

The hea r t is build o f c a rd i a c m u s c l e c o n s i s t i n g o f m any single cells called

cardi om y o c y t es ( c a rdio = h ea r t , m y o = m u s c l e , c y t e s = cells). Cardiac m uscle can

con tract , but it c a n a lso c o n d u c t e l e c t r i c i t y, l i ke n e r v e s i n o rder to pro vide pum ping of the blo o d t o o ur bo dy. Ca rd i o m y o p a t h y ( p a t h y = d i s ea s e) is a disease o f th e h eart

mu scl e c ells t ha t ma ke it h a rd e r fo r y o u r h ea r t t o p u m p b l oo d to th e rest o f yo ur bo dy.

Cardi om y o pa t hy c a n lea d t o h ea r t fa i l u re . We u s e s p e cial co lo ring tech niques to detect s igns o f c a rdio m y o p a t h y. W h e n c a rd i o m y o c y t e s are sick, th ey lo o se no rm al col or of t he membra ne ( b o rd e r o f t h e c e l l ) , c e l l n u c l e u s is destro yed and co ntent o f

the cel l disa ppea r s. The p i c t u re d e m o n s t ra t e s h ea l t h y c ardio m yo cytes with no rm al

border o f t he c ell sho w n i n re d , n u c l e i s e e n i n b l u e a n d cell co ntents seen in green.

Cardiomyocytes

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s c i e n ce ar tf u lly in ter p reted b y

Qwynto

Primarily my work deals with the disparity between our outdoor surroundings and our dissociation to that environment. In this piece I depict a city on the coast.

Each house represents a cell of the heart, while the individual houses represent their own systems. Together, they make up a thriving, strong heart. The pink light signifies that part of the system is abnormal or not functioning correctly.

A Working City Acrylic 47

3 Dr. Kim Lemessurier Amanda Nalley

18 Dr. Cody Thornburgh Erica McCarrens

34 Dr. Azadeh Bahadoran Meredith Wilson

4 Dr. Lebron Cooper Alexander Paulus

20 Dr. Erin Stephenson O Gustavo Plascencia

36 Dr. Jay Lieberman Nick Hewlett

6 Dr. Mark Corkins Alexandria Bell

22 Dr. Eszter Volgyi Jan Hankins

38 Dr. Jim Bailey Nysha Oren Nelson

8 Dr. Ioannis Dragatsis Amy Lynne Hofstetter

24 Ranjit Raju Philip, MD Jasmin Cage

40 Dr. Brian Peters Roann Mathias

10 Melody J. Cunningham, M.D. Ashley Gerst

26 Dr. Sandra Arnold Jonah Westbrook

42 Dr. Joan Han Robert Allen Burns (vidi)

12 Dr. Ramin Almezadeh Ashli Aaron

29 Khyobeni Mozhui Paige Ellens

44 Bindiya Bagga Toni Collums Roberts

14 Dr. Alicia Diaz Thomas Bill Price

30 Dr. Jonathan Wall Lance Turner

46 Enke Purejav Qwynto

16 Dr. Jordan Ross Darcie Beeman-Black

32 Abbas Babajani-Feremi, PhD Marcus Menefee

The Art of Science 2018 exhibition was organized by Heather Smallwood, PhD and Melissa Farris AOS design + program layout by Lauren Rae Holtermann