Global Houston by Greater Houston Partnership

Global Houston An assessment of Houston's ties to the world economy May 2015

This analysis was prepared by the Research Department of the Greater Houston Partnership: Patrick Jankowski, Jenny Philip, Edith Chambers, Josh Davis, Roel Martinez and Allegra Ellis.

Publication underwritten by:

An electronic version of this report can be found at www.houston.org/economy May 2015

Table of Contents Global Houston Analysis

Introduction 2 The Criteria 2 A Wide Open Door 3 The Importance of Exports 4 The Role of Imports 5 From Argentina to Zimbabwe 5 Foreign Direct Investment 6 A Different Kind of Gateway 7 "I Got Here as Soon as I Could." 8 Infrastructure Befitting a Global City 8 Conclusion - What's Past is Prologue 9

Trade Prof iles – Houston’s 20 Largest Par tners Mexico 14 China 16 Brazil 18 Venezuela 20 Colombia 22 Saudi Arabia 24 Germany 26 Netherlands 28 South Korea 30 Russia 32 United Kingdom 34 Kuwait 36 Canada 38 Japan 40 Belgium 42 India 44 Chile 46 Italy 48 France 50 Ecuador 52 Commodity Trade, Ranked by Combined Export-Import Value 54 Trading Partners, Ranked by Combined Export-Import Value 58

Partnership Research | May 2015

introduction If consumers vote with their feet, corporations vote with their capital, and Houston has fared well in recent decisions.

its decision. Union has publicly stated it’s looking to make more acquisitions in Houston in the future.

• In April, Air New Zealand announced it will initiate direct service between Houston and Auckland this December. When it does, Houston will have the only airport in North America that serves all six inhabited continents. Only four other cities in the world can make the same claim—Dubai, Doha, Abu Dhabi, and Johannesburg.

• In January, Japan-based Daikin Industries announced it would invest $417 million to expand its local Goodman Manufacturing operations. Once completed, the new facility will be the most technologically sophisticated HVAC manufacturing center in the world.

• In March, German-based Union Investment announced it would purchase 1000 Main for $419 million. The firm cited the resilience of Houston’s economy as a major factor in

These announcements signaled the confidence these firms have in Houston’s future. They also reflect what foreign investors have known for some time and locals are coming to realize—Houston has arrived as a global city.1

The Criteria Defining what constitutes a global city has become a cottage industry, with scholars, think tanks and universities promoting their own criteria.2 However, a handful of qualities are common to all lists:

Trade: The Houston-Galveston Customs District handles more than $250 billion in foreign freight (imports and exports) every year and routinely ranks among the nation’s busiest customs districts.

• Large, robust economy

Corporate Headquarters: Twenty-six companies on the ’14 U.S. Fortune 500 list have their headquarters in Houston. Seventy of the 100 largest non-U.S. corporations on the ’14 Fortune Global 500 also have a presence here.

• High volume of international trade • Concentration of corporate headquarters • Deep foreign investment

Foreign Investment: More than 150 foreign-owned firms have invested in office expansions, new plants and expanded distribution facilities in Houston since the beginning of ’11.

• Large foreign-born population • Substantial transportation infrastructure • International research centers • Well-established arts and culture scene How does Houston measure against these criteria? Economy: The U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis estimates Houston’s gross regional product, the value of all goods and services produced in the region, at $517.4 billion in ’13. If metro Houston were a sovereign nation, it would rank as the world’s 25th largest economy, behind Poland and Nigeria but ahead of Norway and Belgium. GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT - '13 World Rank

Country or Region

$ Billions

Nigeria

521.6

Poland

517.7

Metro Houston

517.4

Norway

512.6

Belgium

508.3

Taiwan

489.1

Austria

416.1

Immigrant Population: Nearly one in four residents, 22.6 percent of Houston’s population, were born outside the U.S. Metro Houston’s 1.4 million foreign-born exceeds the entire population of the city of Dallas.

Percent of Metro Residents Foreign-Born 10 Most Populous Metro Areas

38.8%

33.4%

28.5%

22.6%

22.0%

Miami

Los Angeles

New York

Houston

Washington

17.8%

17.5%

17.3%

13.3%

10.0%

Chicago

Dallas

Boston

Atlanta

Philadelphia

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013 American Community Survey

Source: International Monetary Fund and U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis The term “city” used in this report is interchangeable with “metro Houston.” 2 Additional discussions of the global city concept can be found at New Geography, Brookings Institution, Global World Cities Research Network, The Mori Memorial Foundation, and Economist Intelligence Unit. 1

Partnership Research | May 2015

Transportation Infrastructure: Twenty foreign-flag carriers offer non-stop air service to 73 markets overseas. When Air New Zealand initiates service, those numbers will rise to 21 and 74 respectively. In ’14, the Port of Houston ranked first in foreign tonnage among U.S. ports, the 19th consecutive year in the top spot. Global Research: The Texas Medical Center is the largest medical center in the world. Rice University’s James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy attracts scholars and analysts from across the globe. The University of Houston is one of only three public Tier One universities in the state.3 Arts and Culture: Fodor’s Travel rates the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston ninth among the “Must-See Art Museums in America.” The Houston Grand Opera, Houston Symphony Orchestra and The Houston Ballet are internationally renowned. More than 500 institutions are devoted to the performing and visual arts in Houston.

Just One More Urban theorist Joel Kotkin adds another criterion to the global scorecard. For a place to truly be a global city, it must be the focal point for an industry, a place in which a firm must have a physical presence or visit on a regular basis to stay current in the industry. For fashion, Paris and Milan meet that criterion. In finance, it’s New York and London. For technology, San Francisco and Seattle claim that honor. For energy, it’s Houston. Houston’s global connections are as strong as its ties to the oil and gas industry. If energy prices remain low for long, those global connections will become more important to the region’s growth. In the pages that follow, the Partnership discusses Houston’s ties to the global economy.

A Wide Open Door More than $253 billion in goods and commodities passed through the Houston-Galveston Customs District in ’14 ― an average of $482,000 in trade transiting the region every 60 seconds. The top commodities handled: electrical machinery,

Houston-Galveston Customs District Traffic $ Billions

'1 4

131

122

'1 3

129

123

'1 2

127

'1 1

147

119

'1 0 '09

117

'08

92 90

'07

151

'06

113

'05 '04

149

104

'03

'02

'0 1

'00

fuels, industrial machinery, iron and steel, organic chemicals and plastics.4 Customs district traffic has grown 238 percent since ’00. In comparison, Houston’s payroll employment has grown 34.2 percent and population 38.2 percent over the same period. Houston ranked as the nation’s fifth busiest trade gateway in ’14, up from ninth in ’00. The district had ranked as high as third in recent years, but a $25 billion drop in the value of crude imports since ’12 has reduced the overall value of shipments and dropped Houston a few notches in the rankings. Many customs districts are simply gateways through which goods pass on their way to global markets. Third-ranked Laredo is a typical example. That district handled $280.0 billion in foreign trade last year, a sizeable chunk for a metro with 266,673 residents, or 4.1 percent of Houston’s population. The Houston-Galveston Customs District is different, however, in that much of its traffic is tied to local manufacturing. Three examples: • More than $27.6 billion in chemical and plastic exports passed through the customs district last year. Houston has 42.0 percent of the nation’s base petrochemical capacity and more than 500 chemical plants operate in the region.

45 Exports

Imports

Source: WISER, from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division

• Crude oil imports totaled $57.5 billion in ’14 and one-fourth of the nation’s refining capacity (4.5 million barrels per day) is located on the Texas Gulf Coast.

Only two percent of all universities classified by the Carnegie Foundation receive Tier One designation. The Houston-Galveston Customs District includes the ports of Houston, Galveston, Texas City, Freeport, Lavaca, Corpus Christi and Houston Intercontinental and Sugar Land Regional Airports. 3

Partnership Research | May 2015

• Machinery exports via the district totaled $19.9 billion in ’14 and Houston has 16.9 percent of all U.S. jobs in agriculture, construction and mining equipment manufacturing. The U.S. International Trade Administration (ITA) measures exports differently than the Census Bureau. ITA looks at where a good or commodity began its export journey, be that the factory floor, the city where purchased, or the warehouse where the goods were consolidated for shipment. The ITA refers to this as the “Origin of Movement” or “OM” series.

Top Exporting Metros - ’13 HOUSTON

$114.9 BILLION

NEW YORK CITY $106.9 BILLION

LOS ANGELES $76.3 BILLION

Based on Origin of Movement, Houston led the nation in exports in ’12 and ’13, beating out New York, and ranked second from ’05 to ’11, just behind New York. Houston’s OM exports grew from $41.7 billion in ’05 to $114.9 in ’13, a 175 percent increase. Top exports according to the ITA are refined products, chemicals, industrial machinery, computers, and oil and gas extraction.

SEATTLE

$56.6 BILLION

DETROIT

$53.9 BILLION Source: U.S. International Trade Administration

The Importance of Exports To illustrate the importance of exports to job growth, ITA offers a simple rule of thumb. Every $1 billion in U.S. manufacturing exports supports 5,210 jobs; every $1 billion in U.S. service exports supports 7,033. Admittedly that’s simplistic, and it lumps all industries and all metros into one formula, but it does illustrate that export growth supports job growth. A more accurate measure of the impact exports have on Houston can be developed using the Regional Input-Output Modeling System, also known as RIMS-II. The U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis has developed the model using an inputoutput table, a method for determining how an increase in output in one sector requires inputs from various other sectors in a region’s economy. The Partnership uses RIMS-II to measure the impact a company relocating to Houston has on the local economy. A typical relocation results in additional goods or services being sold outside of Houston, so the same method can be used to estimate the impact that an increase in exports to markets outside the U.S. will have on the region. The table to the right provides insight into how each $100 million increase in exports originated in Houston might benefit the region.

Partnership Research | May 2015

Potential Impact – Goods and Services Exports Economic Impact ($ Millions)

Additional Employment Direct*

Indirect**

Total

Total Sales

Change in GDP

$100 Million in Manufacturing Exports Petrochemicals

876

960

$262.8

$94.9

Plastics

109

Oil field equipment

225

845

954

$261.9

$97.0

795

1020

$211.7

$95.3

Electronic components Scientific instruments

428

721

1149

$198.8

$89.3

490

747

1237

$197.2

$103.4

$100 Million in Service Exports Engineering services Management consulting

832

1,046

1,878

$211.8

$139.8

1,095

1,087

2,182

$215.2

$140.9

Computer systems design

753

1,146

1,899

$220.3

$142.9

Healthcare services

868

1,023

1,891

$214.6

$143.0

1,010

924

1,934

$197.5

$133.5

Environmental services

* jobs in the manufacturing plant or service provider ** jobs created in firms that support the manufacturer or service provider Source: Greater Houston Partnership calculations using BEA’s Regional Input-Output Modeling System

The role of Imports Calculating the contribution of imports to Houston’s economy is more problematic. On the surface, importing a good consumed locally implies a job has been lost to an overseas manufacturer. But it’s not that simple. An import may arrive at the Port of Houston as a raw good (crude oil), undergo local processing (refining), and enter the U.S. economy as a finished product (gasoline) or be an export (diesel) destined for a foreign market. For example, more than $53.6 billion in refined products left the Houston customs district for markets overseas last year.

amount became components of products manufactured here, such as computers, oil field equipment, vehicles, and measuring instruments, some of which were exported.

Local firms also import a significant volume of intermediate goods that are incorporated into final manufactured products. Think global supply chain. Last year, Houston imported $72.6 million in nuts and bolts. Some found their way on to the racks at Lowe’s and The Home Depot, but a significant

And there are imports that allow us to do our jobs efficiently and effectively. More than $118.0 million in forklifts, $735.4 million in tractors, $202.4 million in compressors, and $126.9 million in scaffolding and ladders were imported through the customs district last year. The point is, imports also play a vital role in almost every aspect of Houston’s economy.

More easily classified are the imports that add flavor to our quality of life. The region imported $1.3 billion in wine, cognac and whiskey last year. Local mixologists could still tend bar without these spirits, but the additional selections provide locals with more options, and in a small way enhance a Houstonian's quality of life.

From Argentina to Zimbabwe The Partnership, working with a variety of sources, has identified more than 5,700 Houston-area firms engaged in global commerce.5 Ten years ago, the Partnership included just over 3,200 firms in its International Business Directory. In ’86, International Houston, a directory published by the Houston Chamber of Commerce (predecessor to the Partnership) contained just over 1,900 firms. An analysis of the firms on this year’s list finds: • At least 2,800 local manufacturers engage in global commerce, either by importing components and raw materials or exporting their finished products overseas.6 • Houston-area firms trade goods or services with virtually every country in the world. The few exceptions are North Korea and a handful of island nations such as Kiribati, Niue and Vanuatu. Even Cuba, under trade sanctions since the ’60s, received a few thousand dollars in Houston exports last year.

Houston has a large cadre of firms that export services— construction management, engineering and design, advertising and marketing, software and computer systems, accounting and legal services—but these firms are difficult to identify since they don’t file customs declarations or bills of lading. A partial count from just one source the Partnership used in developing the overall list suggests that well over 2,200 Houston companies export their services overseas.

Houston Firms Engaged in Global Commerce

• Global trade is not confined to Houston’s largest corporations. The Partnership found several hundred firms with fewer than 10 employees shipping goods and commodities overseas. • The Port of Houston and Bush Intercontinental Airport are the primary export gateways for locally-produced goods, but some Houston goods leave via other ports, including Los Angeles and Miami. • A number of smaller firms have found niches exporting an odd variety of items—e.g. groceries to the Middle East, used clothing to Latin America, and dried goat skins to Asia. • Some exporters send only a handful of shipments overseas each year while others send dozens each day.

5,700

3,200

1,900

'86

'05 Source: Various

'15

5 The 5,700 firms come from combining information from the following sources—Manufacturers News, Office of the Governor of Texas, Port Import/Export Reporting Service (PIERS), U.S. Ex-Im Bank, Uniworld, the Partnership’s own proprietary database, local consulates, and independent web-based research. 6 The count is likely much higher but the various databases the Partnership relied on were inconsistent in how they reported individual company data.

Partnership Research | May 2015

Foreign Direct Investment Foreign direct investment (FDI) primarily takes two forms in Houston:7 • The establishment of new offices, factories and distribution facilities, and • The acquisition of real estate. FDI is important to Houston for several reasons. It infuses new capital into the region, helps to underpin jobs, facilitates the exchange of ideas and best practices and stimulates growth. The Partnership has identified more than 600 foreignowned companies with operations in Houston. These firms come from 66 countries and territories. They operate in all sectors of the economy, with their strongest presence in chemicals, energy, finance, retail and transportation. Some are household names, like BP, Shell and Toyota, while others are lesser-known firms, like Foxconn, Marubeni and Technip. All are important to Houston’s economy. A recent study by The Brookings Institution outlined the benefits that foreign investment brings to the U.S.: U.S. affiliates of foreign companies pay above-average wages. According to Brookings, wages are 28 percent higher in foreign-owned firms. The think tank notes these firms pay higher wages because they tend to be for highlyproductive jobs concentrated in capital intensive industries. In Houston, foreign investment tends to be concentrated in the chemicals and engineering sectors, industries whose average annual compensation was twice the average for all Houston industries, and energy, which tends to pay three times the local average. Foreign direct investment increases the region’s capital stock. The Partnership has identified at least $12.5 billion in capital investments made by foreign-owned firms in Houston since January ’11. FDI increases the region’s manufacturing base. More than half the above investments were in the manufacturing sector, primarily in chemicals processing and equipment manufacturing. FDI increases trade and exports. Five commodities accounted for 77 percent of the region’s exports in ’14— chemicals, industrial equipment, electrical equipment, plastics and refined products. These are also the sectors which have attracted the largest share of foreign investment in recent years. U.S. affiliates of foreign companies conduct a large amount of R&D. Many foreign-owned firms have offices in Houston because the region has the second largest population of engineers in the U.S. (and energy and chemicals, by their very nature, are research intensive.)8 7 8

Selected Foreign-Owned Companies with 500 or More Employees in Houston BANKING BBVA Compass Bank - Spain HSBC - United Kingdom BUILDING MATERIALS CEMEX - Mexico CHEMICALS Air Liquide - France BASF Group - Germany Bayer - Germany INEOS AG - Switzerland Lyondell Basell - Netherlands ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Toshiba Corporation - Japan ELECTRONICS CONTRACT MANUFACTURING Hon Hai Precision Industry - Taiwan ENERGY CB&I - Netherlands ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION SERVICES Foster Wheeler - Switzerland Technip Group - France ENGINEERING SERVICES ABB - Switzerland AMEC Oil & Gas Americas United Kingdom Bilfinger Tepsco - Germany Siemens - Germany Wood Group - United Kingdom WorleyParsons Group - Austrailia FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Pentair Valves & Controls United Kingdom

Sodexo - France GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES Compagnie Generale De Geophysique - France MACHINERY Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Japan MANUFACTURING Wartsila Finland - Finland METALS JSW Steel - India OIL & GAS EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION BG Group - United Kingdom BHP Billiton - Austrailia Maersk - Denmark PDVSA - Venezuela OIL & GAS INTEGRATED OPERATIONS BP PLC - United Kingdom Royal Dutch Shell Group Netherlands Statoil - Norway OIL & GAS SERVICES Aker Solutions - Norway Schlumberger - France TGS - Norway PIPELINE & TRANSPORTATION OF OIL Enbridge Energy - Canada Transcanada Corp. - Canada

Source: Greater Houston Partnership International database, May 2015

The Partnership estimates that foreign-owned firms accounted for 150,000 private sector jobs in Houston in ’14. Brookings places the number closer to 200,000.

There’s a third form of FDI, the acquisition of existing companies by foreign firms, but that’s not included in this analysis. The Los Angelese metro ranks first.

Partnership Research | May 2015

FOOD SERVICES

A Different Kind of Gateway In recent years, Houston has emerged as a gateway city for foreign real estate investors. The term “gateway” is used in the industry to describe the most-desirable real estate markets for foreign investors. To the layman, a better term might be “AAA” or “high-yield,” which better defines investment performance in these markets. New York, Washington D.C., Boston, Los Angeles and San Francisco have been the traditional gateway markets for foreign investors. What makes a gateway city? Strong employment growth, which leads to high demand for office space; low class-A office vacancies, which support rent growth; limited supply of new office space, which assures vacancy rates won’t increase significantly; rent stability, helping maintain cash flow; reasonable cap rates, offering a decent rate of return;9 strong prospects for economic growth, suggesting demand for space will remain strong; and a high volume of deals and transactions. How does Houston measure against those criteria? The region has added 624,000 jobs since March ’05, more than any other U.S. metro except the much larger New York. The overall class-A office vacancy rate stood at 9.2 percent at the end of Q1/15 and was substantially lower in several of Houston’s submarkets. In spite of the recent economic boom, the office market is not overbuilt, though some soft pockets may appear in coming months as buildings under construction are completed. Houston is projected to add another 1.0 to 2.0 million residents over the next 10 years and the economy is expected to more than double in size over the next 25 years. Additionally, investing in Houston appeals to foreigners because local office leases run for seven to 10 years, unlike leases in Europe, which may run for as long as 30 years,

limiting the possibility for income growth. Likewise, Houston apartment leases renew every 12 months, also allowing for more frequent rent increases. Working with data from Real Capital Analytics, the Partnership has identified 96 foreign buyers and more than 400 transactions that have taken place here since ’01. These transactions had a total value in excess of $12.0 billion. The buyers came from 21 countries, with Canada, Australia, Israel, Germany and South Korea accounting for approximately three-fourths of the total transaction value. Indications are that foreign buyers will continue to shop for Houston real estate. In a Q4/14 member survey, the Association of Foreign Investors in Real Estate (AFIRE) ranked Houston as the sixth best market in the world in which to invest. (New York, London, San Francisco, Tokyo and Madrid ranked one through five.) Houston was fifth in ’13 and fourth in ’14. The recent slip in the rankings reflects Tokyo’s and Madrid’s ascendance, not a diminution of Houston’s growth prospects. Foreign investors have a penchant for all forms of real estate—multifamily, industrial, hotels, retail—but have a penchant for trophy office buildings. Houston boasts 32 skyscrapers, buildings at least 150 meters tall. These trophy buildings represent 39.3 million square feet of leasable space and a ’14 appraised value of $9.5 billion. Working with various sources, the Partnership has determined that 11 are owned, co-owned, or financed by foreign investors. These 11 represent 12.5 million square feet, or 31.8 percent of the trophy space, and $4.3 billion in appraised value. The number of foreign-owned skyscrapers may be higher, but because many buyers are secretive about their transactions, actual ownership of many buildings is hard to determine.

SELECTED FOREIGN-OWNED TROPHY BUILDINGS IN HOUSTON Building Name

Property Address

Foreign Ownership Interest

Impr Sq Ft

'14 Appraised Value

JPMorgan Chase Tower

600 Travis St

Lebanon

1,992,321

$514,361,991

Pennzoil Place

711 Louisiana St

Germany

1,424,162

$354,528,379

Three Allen Center

333 Clay St

Canada

1,282,908

$314,777,900

Continental Center I

1600 Smith St

Canada

1,227,182

$356,478,246

Heritage Plaza

1111 Bagby St

Canada & U.S.

1,212,895

$369,527,791

Two Allen Center (Devon Energy Tower)

1200 Smith St

Canada

1,181,743

$237,633,220

BG Group Place

811 Main St

Korea

972,474

$468,546,916

Hess Tower

1501 McKinney St

Canada

965,426

$396,555,006

Total Plaza

1201 Louisiana St

Canada

877,625

$185,005,418

1000 Main (Reliant Energy Plaza)

1000 Main St

Germany

850,294

$315,485,000

Wedge International Tower

1415 Louisiana St

Lebanon

536,626

$81,910,987

SOURCE: Partnership Research; Harris County Appraisal District; Texas Secretary of State; CoStar; Hoovers; Skyscrapepage.com; Skyscraper.com; Emporis.com; Houston Business Journal; building websites

9 A cap rate is the annual income an asset produces divided by the price paid for that asset. In practice, calculating the rate involves a host of factors. Cap rates are an indirect measure of how fast an investment pays for itself, and is useful when comparing the merits of different real estate investments.

Partnership Research | May 2015

“I got here as soon as I could.” Economists often cite the size of a region’s immigrant population as a hallmark of a global city. Think of London, Paris, and New York. One feature they all have in common is large communities of foreign nationals. Why is that important? For several reasons: Immigrants are risk takers. They left their homes and their families to start new lives in a different country. Risk-taking begets innovation, which generates new ideas, spawning new technologies and creating new growth opportunities. Immigrants are entrepreneurial. According to the Small Business Administration, immigrants are twice as likely to start a business as native-born citizens. Immigrants maintain ties to their homeland, facilitating the flow of trade. When the Houston Airport System works with foreign flag carriers, a question routinely asked is, “What’s the size of the expat and immigrant population?” The airline

wants assurances that all the seats will be filled when their plane leaves the runway at Intercontinental. The presence of a large expat and immigrant community is important to foreign corporations seeking to open offices here. First, they want to know that other companies have succeeded in Houston. Second, they want to know their workers on temporary assignment will feel comfortable living here. Growth in one’s immigrant community tends to be self-reinforcing. A foreign national is more likely to relocate to a city with a large population of his or her countrymen. A growing immigrant community reflects a certain dynamism in the local economy. It’s rare that immigrants would move to a metro whose economy is dying and offers limited job opportunities. That’s why they left their home in the first place.

Origins of Houston’s 1.4 Million Foreign-Born Residents

0.2%

Latin America

1.3%

Asia

4.5%

Europe

65.2%

4.7%

Africa North America Oceania

24.1%

Source: 2013 American Community Survey

Infrastructure Befitting a Global City Just as a subdivision can’t function without streets, lights and sewers, a global city can’t exist without infrastructure— physical and intellectual. Houston’s is well developed.

• Fourteen foreign governments maintain trade and commercial offices here, and the city has 32 active foreign chambers of commerce and trade associations.

• A key center for international finance, Houston has 21 foreign banks from nine nations. The Houston operations of these banks account for 12 of Texas’ 15 foreign bank representative offices and seven of Texas’ nine foreign bank agencies.

• In ’14, the Port of Houston ranked 1st in import tonnage (24th consecutive year), 2nd in total tonnage (23rd consecutive year), 6th among U.S. container ports, and captures 67 percent of all container traffic on the Gulf Coast.

• Ninety-two nations have consular representation in the city, ranking Houston’s consular corps as the third largest in the nation. 10

• One in every five air passengers traveling through IAH last year was traveling internationally, up from one in 11 20 years ago. When Houston Hobby’s International Terminal opens this fall, Houston will be one of only six U.S. markets with two international hubs.10

The others are Chicago, New York, San Francisco/Oakland, Miami/Ft Lauderdale, and Washington/Baltimore.

Partnership Research | May 2015

Foreign Markets served Non-Stop From Houston

Source: Houston Airport System

• Consumers can search the Houston Association of Realtors® properties database (HAR.com) in English, Spanish, Chinese, French, German, Italian and Vietnamese. The association’s more than 5,600 multilingual realtors speak 94 languages. • Houston has two daily Chinese-language newspapers, plus at least 21 less frequently published newspapers and magazines in a variety of languages. Five television stations present programming in Spanish and one station includes programming in Chinese. Spanish broadcasting has a significant presence on radio with 13 stations. Two stations offer programming in several Asian languages and three stations offer programs in a wide variety of languages. • Houston has 17 sister-city relationships promoting business opportunities across five continents: Australia (1), Asia (6), Europe (7), Africa (1) and Americas (2).

Foreign Flag Carriers Serving Houston Aeromexico Air Canada Air China Limited Air France Air New Zealand (Dec ’15) All Nippon Airways AVIANCA British Airways Emirates EVA Air InterJet KLM Royal Dutch Airlines Korean Air Lines Lufthansa Qatar Airways Scandinavian Airlines System Singapore Airlines Southwest Airlines Turkish Airlines United Airlines VivaAerobus Volaris Westjet

The Port of Houston Authority and the Houston Airport System continue to expand their infrastructure and extend the region’s reach further into global markets. The Port of Houston Authority plans to continue the modernization of the Barbours Cut terminal and continue the build out of the Bayport container terminal. In May, four new Super Post-Panamax wharf cranes arrived at Barbours Cut to handle the larger vessels that will call on Houston in the future. In addition to landside terminal investments, the entrance channels at each facility will be deepened and widened to accommodate Post-Panamax vessels. In October, Hobby Airport will open its doors as a regional international airport, offering direct service to Central America, the Caribbean and the northern rim of South America. This new facility is expected to handle an additional one million international passengers each year. And HAS expects to begin demolishing the aging Mickey Leland International Terminal in ’17 and have the new terminal up and running by the end of ’21.

Conclusion - What’s Past is Prologue When the Allen Brothers founded the city in 1836, they envisioned Houston as a trading center for the newly formed Republic of Texas. John and Augustus placed a notice in the Telegraph and Texas Register promoting their fledgling city as “located at a point… which must ever command trade of the largest and richest portion of Texas.” The first steamship, Laura, called on Houston in January 1837, launching Houston as a regional trading center.

but one focused on the exchange of ideas, information, technology and capital―not just commodities. And Houston now trades not just with “the largest and richest portion of Texas,” but with the world. Houston continues to leverage the successes of the past, but seeks new engines for future growth. Whatever direction Houston takes, whatever growth engines emerge, one thing is certain—Houston’s global ties will shape the city’s future.

Nearly two centuries later, Houston remains true to the Allen Brothers’ vision. Houston remains a trading center,

Partnership Research | May 2015

Trade profile highlights Top Imports - Houston Galveston Customs District - '14 Rank

$ Billions

Top Exports - Houston Galveston Customs District - '14

% of Total

Rank

$ Billions

% of Total

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils and Waxes

57.481

47.2

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils and Waxes

53.630

40.8

Industrial Equipment and Computers

11.542

9.5

Industrial Equipment and Computers

19.869

15.1

Articles of Iron or Steel

9.478

7.8

Organic Chemicals

16.003

12.2

Organic Chemicals

5.980

4.9

Plastics And Articles Thereof

7.031

5.3

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

5.849

4.8

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

5.252

4.0

Motor Vehicles and Parts

4.326

3.6

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

3.261

2.5

Iron and Steel

3.317

2.7

Cereals

3.191

2.4

Plastics and Plastic Articles

1.852

1.5

Motor Vehicles and Parts

3.135

2.4

Beverages, Spirits And Vinegar

1.422

1.2

Optic, Photographic, Medical, Surgical Instruments

2.515

1.9

Optic, Photographic, Medical, Surgical Instruments

1.210

1.0

Articles of Iron or Steel

2.813

2.1

Total - Top 10 Imports

102.458

84.1

Total - Top 10 Exports

116.701

88.7

All Other Commodities

19.337

15.9

All Other Commodities

14.794

11.3

121.795

100.0

131.494

100.0

Total - All Commodities

Top Import Sources - Houston Galveston Customs District - '14

Top Export Destinations - Houston Galveston Customs District - '14

Rank

$ Billions

% of Total

$ Billions

% of Total

Mexico

16.386

13.5

Mexico

12.395

9.4

China

11.060

9.1

Brazil

10.289

7.8

Venezuela

8.618

7.1

Netherlands

7.297

5.5

Saudi Arabia

7.793

6.4

Colombia

6.762

5.1

Germany

7.696

6.3

China

5.533

4.2

Kuwait

5.540

4.5

Canada

5.285

4.0

Brazil

5.371

4.4

Venezuela

4.308

3.3

Russia

5.348

4.4

Chile

3.983

3.0

Korea, Republic Of

4.618

3.8

Korea, Republic Of

3.744

2.8

4.208

3.5

3.526

2.7

Total - Top 10 Import Sources

Colombia

76.637

62.9

Total - Top 10 Export Destinations

63.122

48.0

All Others

45.158

37.1

All Others

68.372

52.0

121.795

100.0

131.494

100.0

Total - All Countries

Belgium

Total All Countries

HOUSTONâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S TRADING PARTNERS

41.8

20.4%

30.8

E Europe Africa Australia/New Zealand 2014

1998

2.4% 6.0% 1.4%

Source: WISER, from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division

Partnership Research | May 2015

11.4

Middle East

% 11.5

Asia

% .6

.4%

W. Europe

.1% 18

Latin America

3.8% 3.6% 0.8%

2015

Trade Profiles Houston’s top 20 trade partners represented 71.0 percent of Houston’s customs district traffic in ’14. Immediately following this page is a map showing Houston’s exports and imports with 23 world regions. After this, detailed profiles of Houston’s top 20 trade partners are offered. Concluding are trade tables listing all Houston partners and diverse commodities traded globally. Greater Houston Partnership Research would like to acknowledge WISERTrade (wisertrade.org) as the primary data source consistently used and cited throughout this report with additional analysis by Partnership Research for deeper insight into the state of Houston’s global economy.

Partnership Research | May 2015

Total Global Trade - Houston '14

Europe - Houston

Sub-Region Hou ston Trade Partner

Imports to Houston (in $ dollars)

Exports from Houston (in $ dollars)

% of Total Houston Imports

. % of Total Houston Exports

Region Rank Total Trade

GLOBAL Total

121,795,311,517

131,494,228,108

100.00%

2014

EUROPE Total Western Europe

9,065,543,766

Central Europe

10,208,673,675

Sub-Region Houston Trade Partner

Imports to Houston (in $ dollars) 32,786,958,935

AMERICAS

42,690,719,679

63,519,172,191

35.05%

48.31%

EUROPE

32,786,958,935

28,443,398,754

26.92%

21.63%

ASIA

26,273,965,148

21,369,583,772

21.57%

16.25%

Eastern Europe

5,676,592,567

Southern Europe

3,035,580,953

MIDDLE EAST AFRICA

17,320,674,318

8,509,578,681

14.22%

6.47%

2,722,993,437

9,652,494,710

2.24%

7.34%

Southeastern Europe

1,501,993,889

Southwestern Europe

1,429,471,537

Northern Europe

1,869,102,548

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau

Americas - Houston Trade '14 Region Rank Total Trade

Sub-Region Houston Trade Partner

Imports to Houston (in $ dollars)

Exports from Houston (in $ dollars)

% of Total Houston Imports

% of Total Houston Exports

42,690,719,679

63,519,172,191

35.05%

48.31%

middle east - Houston

South America

20,729,533,695

34,686,735,258

17.02%

26.38%

Region Rank Total Trade

North America

16,866,928,269

17,698,040,711

13.85%

13.46%

2014

Central America

3,423,075,846

6,882,096,587

2.81%

5.23%

Caribbean America

1,671,181,869

4,252,299,635

1.37%

3.23%

2014

AMERICAS Total

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Sub-Region Houston Trade Partner MIDDLE EAST Total Middle East

Imports to Houston (in $ dollars) 17,320,674,318 17,320,674,318

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau

Trade '14 Exports from Houston (in $ dollars)

Asia - Houston Trade '14 % of Total Houston Imports

% of Total Houston Exports

Region Rank Total Trade

Sub-Region Houston Trade Partner

Imports to Houston (in $ dollars)

Exports from Houston (in $ dollars)

% of Total Houston Imports

% of Total Houston Exports

28,443,398,754

26.92%

21.63%

2014

ASIA Total

26,273,965,148

21,369,583,772

21.57%

16.25%

16,582,741,686

7.44%

12.61%

Eastern Asia

19,294,741,806

13,236,381,530

15.84%

10.07%

2,906,624,671

8.38%

2.21%

Southeastern Asia

2,584,516,164

4,238,310,520

2.12%

3.22%

1,663,559,155

4.66%

1.27%

Southern Asia

3,460,338,322

1,792,040,911

2.84%

1.36%

2,068,018,654

2.49%

1.57%

Oceania

566,348,212

1,369,875,265

0.47%

1.04%

2,099,464,080

1.23%

1.60%

Central Asia

330,465,192

366,978,210

0.27%

0.28%

1,844,787,618

1.17%

1.40%

Southwestern Asia

37,555,452

365,997,336

0.03%

0.28%

1,278,202,890

1.53%

0.97%

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Foreign Trade Division data

Africa - Houston Trade '14 Region Rank Total Trade

Trade '14 Exports from Houston (in $ dollars) 8,509,578,681 8,509,578,681

% of Total Houston Imports 14.22% 14.22%

Foreign Trade Division data

% of Total Houston Exports 6.47% 6.47%

2014

Sub-Region Houston Trade Partner AFRICA Total

Imports to Houston (in $ dollars) 2,722,993,437

Exports from Houston (in $ dollars)

% of Total Houston Imports

% of Total Houston Exports

9,652,494,710

2.24%

7.34%

Western Africa

567,992,213

3,978,391,227

0.47%

3.03%

Northern Africa

1,179,119,980

2,636,976,892

0.97%

2.01%

Southern Africa

897,821,825

2,452,937,645

0.74%

1.87%

Eastern Africa

57,237,919

476,265,291

0.05%

0.36%

Central Africa

20,821,500

107,923,655

0.02%

0.08%

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

#1: Mexico – Houston Trade Ties Over view Houston and Mexico share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 1,100 Houston companies reporting business or trade ties with Mexico. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Mexican subsidiaries, 43 are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 139 subsidiary locations throughout Mexico. Conversely, 17 Mexican firms operate 19 subsidiary locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and Mexico increased at a compound annual growth rate of 9.8 percent.

2014 Trade Highlight s Total Trade (Sea + Air) • The Houston-Galveston Customs District ("Houston") is the fifth busiest gateway for U.S-Mexican trade. • Mexico ranks first among Houston’s trading partners. • Trade between Houston and Mexico increased 1.4 percent, from $28.4 billion in ’13 to $28.8 billion last year. A rise in the value of imports in articles of iron or steel, and exports of industrial and electrical machinery equipment and parts accounted for most of the increase. • Exports to Mexico totaled $12.4 billion in ’14, compared to $13.4 billion in ’13. • Imports from Mexico totaled $16.4 billion in ’14, compared to $14.9 billion in ’13. Seaborne Trade • Houston is the busiest gateway for U.S.-Mexican waterborne trade (by value). • Waterborne trade between Houston and Mexico totaled $28.5 billion in ’14, an increase from $28.3 billion in ’13. Air Cargo Trade • Houston ranks as the 13th busiest gateway for U.S.-Mexican air cargo trade (by weight). • Air cargo trade between Houston and Mexico totaled 926.5 thousand kilograms in ’14, compared to 614.8 thousand kilograms in ’13. TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND MEXICO

35 30

$ BILLIONS

25 20 15 10 5 0 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008 Imports

2009

2010

2011

Exports

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015

2012

2013

2014

#1: Mexico â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Houston Trade Ties EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO MEXICO $ Value, Millions Rank

'13

'14

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

8,767.6

7,557.5

61.0

-13.8

Organic Chemicals

3,524.2

3,519.8

28.4

-0.1

Industrial Equipment and Computers

286.5

551.5

4.4

92.5

Cereals

361.7

217.2

1.8

-40.0

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

39.9

127.3

1.0

218.9

Beverages, Spirits and Vinegar

62.6

65.4

0.5

4.4

Aircraft, Spacecraft and Parts Thereof

34.4

57.9

0.5

68.1

Inorganic Chemicals

52.6

46.6

0.4

-11.3

Oil Grain, Seed, Fruit and Plant Seeds

46.4

45.5

0.4

-1.9

Animal or Vegetable Fats, Oils and Waxes

61.9

35.9

0.3

-41.9

13,238.0

12,224.6

94.4

-7.7

206.9

170.5

5.6

-17.6

13,444.9

12,395.2

100.0

-7.8

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Commodity

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

IMPORTS - MEXICO TO HOUSTON $ Value, Millions Rank

Commodity

'13

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

2 3 4

Iron and Steel

Motor Vehicles and Parts

'14

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

14,207.8

15,088.4

92.1

6.2

Articles of Iron or Steel

305.3

633.8

3.9

107.6

Organic Chemicals

190.9

224.7

1.4

17.7

92.6

133.6

0.8

44.2

630.6

78.4

0.5

12,330.6

Miscellaneous Industrial Components, Equipment and Parts

23.3

56.5

0.3

143.2

Salt, Sulfur, Stone, Lime and Cement Plaster

16.8

36.4

0.2

116.8

Sugar and Sugar Confectionary

7.5

21.4

0.1

187.3

Non-Knitted Apparel and Accessories

10.3

20.7

0.1

100.8

Coffee, Tea and Spices

17.5

0.1

-0.1

14,872.7

16,311.5

99.5

9.7

63.1

74.6

0.5

18.2

14,935.8

16,386.1

100.0

9.7

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015

#2: China - Houston Trade Ties Over view Houston and China share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 900 Houston companies reporting business or trade ties with China. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Chinese subsidiaries, 49 are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 115 subsidiary locations throughout China. Conversely, 10 Chinese firms operate 10 subsidiary locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and China increased at a compound annual growth rate of 15.9 percent.

2014 Trade Highlight s Total Trade (Sea + Air) • The Houston-Galveston Customs District (“Houston”) is the 10th busiest gateway for U.S-Chinese trade. • China ranks second among all of Houston’s trading partners. • Trade between Houston and China has more than quadrupled since ’04, and experienced a rise of 22.0 percent in ’14, increasing from $13.6 billion in ’13 to $16.6 billion last year. A rise in the value of exports to China in cereals, and Houston imports of industrial equipment and computers accounted for most of the increase. • Exports to China totaled $5.5 billion in ’14, compared to $4.8 billion in ’13. • Imports from China totaled $11.1 billion in ’14, compared to $8.8 billion in ’13. Seaborne Trade • Houston is the eighth busiest gateway for U.S.-Chinese waterborne trade (by value). • Waterborne trade between Houston and China totaled $15.6 billion in ’14, an increase from $12.9 billion in ’13. Air Cargo Trade • Houston ranks as the 12th busiest gateway for U.S.-Chinese air cargo trade (by weight). • Air cargo trade between Houston and China totaled 17.5 million kilograms in ’14, compared to 10.3 million kilograms in ’13.

TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND CHINA

18 16 14

$ BILLIONS

12 10 8 6 4 2 0

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008 Imports

2009

2010

2011

Exports

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015

2012

2013

2014

#2: China - Houston Trade Ties EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO china $ Value, Millions Rank

Commodity

Cereals

Organic Chemicals

'13

'14

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

40.5

1,205.4

21.8

2,878.9

1,344.3

1,021.5

18.5

-24.0

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

914.1

811.1

14.7

-11.3

Industrial Equipment and Computers

606.9

765.7

13.8

26.2

Plastics and Plastic Articles

402.9

378.6

6.8

-6.0

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

167.7

202.1

3.7

20.5

Articles of Iron or Steel

106.9

174.0

3.1

62.7

Rubber and Rubber Articles

179.4

149.6

2.7

-16.6

Oil Grain, Seed, Fruit and Plant Seeds

447.5

112.0

2.0

-75.0

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

57.8

103.9

1.9

79.7

4,267.9

4,923.9

89.0

15.4

577.2

609.2

11.0

5.5

4,845.1

5,533.1

100.0

14.2

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

IMPORTS - china TO HOUSTON $ Value, Millions Rank

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Commodity

'13

'14

Industrial Equipment and Computers

1,592.8

2,292.7

20.7

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

1,121.2

1,425.9

12.9

27.2

Articles of Iron or Steel

823.2

1,075.4

9.7

30.6

Footwear, Gaiters, Etc.

675.2

766.1

6.9

13.5

Furniture, Bedding, Lamps, Etc.

628.2

710.7

6.4

13.1

Toys, Games and Sports Equipment

589.9

689.7

6.2

16.9

Organic Chemicals

461.1

579.3

5.2

25.6

Plastics and Plastic Articles

454.0

570.4

5.2

25.6

Iron and Steel

251.4

400.6

3.6

59.4

Rubber and Rubber Articles

163.9

188.8

1.7

15.2

Total Top 10 Commodities

6,760.9

8,699.5

78.7

28.7

All Other Commodities

1,995.1

2,360.2

21.3

18.3

TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

8,756.0

11,059.6

100.0

26.3

43.9

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015

#3: Brazil – Houston Trade Ties Over view Houston and Brazil share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 800 Houston companies reporting business or trade ties with Brazil. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Brazilian subsidiaries, 50 are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 129 subsidiary locations throughout Brazil. Conversely, eight Brazilian firms operate 11 subsidiary locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and Brazil increased at a compound annual growth rate of 15.7 percent.

2014 Trade Highlight s Total Trade (Sea + Air) • The Houston-Galveston Customs District ("Houston") is the fifth busiest gateway for U.S-Brazilian trade. • Brazil ranks third among Houston’s trading partners by value. • Trade between Houston and Brazil increased 12.6 percent, from $13.9 billion in ’13 to $15.7 billion last year. A rise in the value of trade in mineral fuel, oils and waxes accounted for most of the increase, led by imports of crude oil from Brazil • Exports to Brazil totaled $10.3 billion in ’14, compared to $9.7 billion in ’13. • Imports from Brazil totaled $5.4 billion in ’14, compared to $4.2 billion in ’13. Seaborne Trade • Houston is the busiest gateway for U.S.-Brazilian waterborne trade (by value). • Waterborne trade between Houston and Brazil totaled $15.3 billion in ’14, an increase from $13.6 billion in ’13. Air Cargo Trade • Houston ranks as the fifth busiest gateway for U.S.-Brazilian air cargo trade (by weight). • Air cargo trade between Houston and Brazil totaled 6.1 million kilograms in ’14, compared to 5.4 million kilograms in ’13.

TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND BRAZIL

$ BILLIONS

0 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008 Imports

2009

2010

2011

Exports

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015

2012

2013

2014

#3: Brazil â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Houston Trade Ties EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO BRAZIL $ Value, Millions Rank

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Commodity

'13

'14

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

3,087.2

4,138.4

40.2

34.1

Industrial Equipment and Computers

1,392.9

1,420.6

13.8

2.0

Organic Chemicals

1,235.9

1,145.5

11.1

-7.3

Plastics and Plastic Articles

976.9

880.3

8.6

-9.9

Cereals

779.3

482.8

4.7

-38.1

Motor Vehicles and Parts

300.4

341.2

3.3

13.6

Inorganic Chemicals

248.3

223.7

2.2

-9.9

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

306.7

215.5

2.1

-29.8

Beverages, Spirits and Vinegar

110.7

213.5

2.1

92.8

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

270.9

209.4

2.0

-22.7

Total Top 10 Commodities

8,709.2

9,270.8

90.1

6.4

All Other Commodities

1,032.2

1,018.5

9.9

-1.3

TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

9,741.4

10,289.3

100.0

5.6

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

IMPORTS - BRAZIL TO HOUSTON $ Value, Millions Rank

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Commodity

'13

'14

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

1,527.9

2,160.7

40.2

Organic Chemicals

577.1

587.6

10.9

1.8

Industrial Equipment and Computers

467.1

541.7

10.1

16.0

Beverages, Spirits and Vinegar

282.0

353.7

6.6

25.4

Articles of Stone, Plaster, Cement, Asbestos, Mica

150.4

158.8

3.0

5.6

Miscellaneous Industrial Components, Equipment and Parts

128.6

146.5

2.7

13.9

Articles of Iron or Steel

101.7

143.3

2.7

40.9

Wood and Wood Articles

120.1

140.3

2.6

16.9

41.4

Iron and Steel

57.7

140.3

2.6

143.2

Motor Vehicles and Parts

45.6

124.4

2.3

173.0

3,458.2

4,497.3

83.7

30.0

705.3

873.7

16.3

23.9

4,163.5

5,371.0

100.0

29.0

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015

#4: Venezuela - Houston Trade Ties Over view Houston and Venezuela share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 600 Houston companies reporting business or trade ties with Venezuela. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Venezuelan subsidiaries, 24 are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 58 subsidiary locations throughout Venezuela. Conversely, three Venezuelan firms operate five subsidiary locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and Venezuela increased at a compound annual growth rate of 3.7 percent.

2014 Trade Highlight s Total Trade (Sea + Air) • The Houston-Galveston Customs District ("Houston") is the busiest gateway for U.S-Venezuelan trade. • Venezuela ranks fourth among Houston’s trading partners. • Trade between Houston and Venezuela totaled 12.9 billion in ’14, compared to 15.1 billion in ’13. A dip in the value of imports of crude oil from Venezuela accounted for most of the decline. • Exports to Venezuela totaled $4.3 billion in ’14, compared to $5.1 billion in ’13. • Imports from Venezuela totaled $8.6 billion in ’14, compared to $10.0 billion in ’13. Seaborne Trade • Houston is the busiest gateway for U.S.-Venezuelan waterborne trade (by value). • Waterborne trade between Houston and Venezuela totaled $12.9 billion in ’14, compared to $15.0 billion in ’13. Air Cargo Trade • Houston ranks as the second busiest gateway for U.S.-Venezuelan air cargo trade (by weight). • Air cargo trade between Houston and Venezuela totaled 565.1 thousand kilograms in ’14, an increase from 349.3 thousand kilograms in ’13.

TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND VENEZUELA

$ BILLIONS

0 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008 Imports

2009

2010

2011

Exports

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015

2012

2013

2014

#4: Venezuela - Houston Trade Ties EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO VENEZUELA $ Value, Millions Rank

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Commodity

'13

'14

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

1,814.1

1,741.5

40.4

-4.0

Industrial Equipment and Computers

1,050.2

841.0

19.5

-19.9

Organic Chemicals

1,022.5

489.8

11.4

-52.1

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

267.3

261.9

6.1

-2.0

172.8

225.8

5.2

30.7

70.6

141.6

3.3

100.6

Articles of Iron or Steel

Cereals

Plastics and Plastic Articles

191.3

125.9

2.9

-34.2

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

121.4

108.8

2.5

-10.3

Ships, Boats and Floating Structures

30.9

67.9

1.6

119.0

Optic, Photographic Measuring, Medical, Surgical Instruments

93.6

46.4

1.1

-50.5

4,834.7

4,050.7

94.0

-16.2

264.9

257.2

6.0

3.0

5,099.7

4,307.8

100.0

-15.5

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

IMPORTS - VENEZUELA TO HOUSTON $ Value, Millions Rank

'13

'14

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

9,656.4

8,361.1

97.0

Organic Chemicals

205.1

198.1

2.3

-3.5

Miscellaneous Industrial Components, Equipment and Parts

52.7

15.8

0.2

-70.1

Inorganic Chemicals

7.9

15.4

0.2

90.0

Fertilizers

30.5

10.3

0.1

-66.3

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

3.7

7.0

0.1

88.7

Aluminum and Aluminum Articles

1.7

2.7

0.0

54.1

Precious Stones, Metals, Coins, Pearls, Etc.

0.9

2.0

0.0

104.4

Industrial Equipment and Computers

2.9

1.6

0.0

-46.7

Plastics and Plastic Articles

0.9

1.4

0.0

55.2

9,962.9

8,614.9

100.0

-13.5

3.0

2.7

0.0

-10.2

9,965.9

8,617.6

100.0

-13.5

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Commodity

-13.4

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015

#5: Colombia - Houston Trade Ties Over view Houston and Colombia share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 550 Houston companies reporting business or trade ties with Colombia. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Colombian subsidiaries, 25 are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 47 subsidiary locations throughout Colombia. Conversely, one Colombian firm operates one subsidiary location in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and Colombia increased at a compound annual growth rate of 18.4 percent.

2014 Trade Highlight s Total Trade (Sea + Air) • The Houston-Galveston Customs District (“Houston”) is the busiest gateway for U.S-Colombian trade. • Colombia ranks fifth among all of Houston’s trading partners. • Trade between Houston and Colombia increased fivefold since ’04. More recently, total trade decreased 6.2 percent in ’14 from $11.7 billion in ’13 to $11.0 billion last year. A dip in the value of crude oil imports to Houston, and exports to Colombia of industrial-grade vehicles accounted for most of the decrease. • Exports to Colombia totaled $6.8 billion in ’14, compared to $6.5 billion in ’13. • Imports from Colombia totaled $4.2 billion in ’14, compared to $5.2 billion in ’13. Seaborne Trade • Houston is the busiest gateway for U.S.-Colombian waterborne trade (by value). • Waterborne trade between Houston and Colombia totaled $10.9 billion in ’14, an increase from $11.7 billion in ’13. Air Cargo Trade • Houston ranks as the sixth busiest gateway for U.S.-Colombian air cargo trade (by weight). • Air cargo trade between Houston and Colombia totaled 523.8 thousand kilograms in ’14, compared to 461.0 thousand kilograms in ’13. TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND COLOMBIA

14 12

$ BILLIONS

10 8 6 4 2 0 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008 Imports

2009

2010

2011

Exports

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015

2012

2013

2014

#5: Colombia - Houston Trade Ties EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO colombia $ Value, Millions Rank

'13

'14

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

3,518.1

4,073.8

60.2

15.8

Organic Chemicals

778.7

725.1

10.7

-6.9

Industrial Machinery, Including Computers

581.4

537.1

7.9

-7.6

Plastics and Articles Thereof

396.8

438.2

6.5

10.4

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

155.2

201.7

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

116.7

151.8

2.2

30.1

Articles of Iron or Steel

188.1

137.9

-26.7

Motor Vehicles and Parts

255.5

1.4

-64

Cereals

100.9

74.9

1.1

-25.8

Optic, Photographic, Measuring, Medical and Surgical Instruments

57.3

0.7

-18

6,148.6

6,479.5

95.8

5.4

359.7

282.5

4.2

-21.5

6,508.4

6,762.0

100

3.9

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Commodity

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

IMPORTS - colombia TO HOUSTON $ Value, Millions Rank 1

Commodity

'13

'14

% of Total

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

4,887.6

3,836.9

91.2

% Change '13 - '14 -21.5

Coffee, Tea, Mate and Spices

69.3

83.4

2.0

20.4

Miscellaneous Industrial Components, Equipment and Parts

63.4

74.7

1.8

17.9

Articles of Iron or Steel

24.8

40.0

1.0

61.6

Organic Chemicals

31.1

39.4

0.9

26.6

Plastics and Articles Thereof

22.0

24.0

0.6

8.7

Edible Fruit and Nuts

28.1

18.0

0.4

-36.0

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

15.7

17.5

0.4

11.3

Industrial Machinery, Including Computers

8.6

15.8

0.4

82.9

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

7.4

0.2

-0.1

5,158.0

4,157.0

98.8

-19.4

28.2

1.2

80.8

5,186.2

4,208.1

100

-18.9

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015 23

#6: Saudi Arabia - Houston Trade Ties Over view Houston and Saudi Arabia share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 1,100 Houston companies reporting business or trade ties with Saudi Arabia. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Saudi Arabian subsidiaries, 29 are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 41 subsidiary locations throughout Saudi Arabia. Conversely, eight Saudi Arabian firms operate 11 subsidiary location in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and Saudi Arabia increased at a compound annual growth rate of 7.7 percent.

2014 Trade Highlight s Total Trade (Sea + Air) • The Houston-Galveston Customs District (“Houston”) is the second busiest gateway for U.S-Saudi Arabian trade. • Saudi Arabia ranks sixth among all of Houston’s trading partners. • Trade between Houston and Saudi Arabia has doubled since ’04. More recently, total trade decreased 20.3 percent from $13.7 billion in ’13 to $10.9 billion last year. A decline in the value of imported crude oil to Houston caused the decrease, a result of strong domestic crude production. Crude oil typically accounts for 97 percent of Houston’s imports from Saudi Arabia. • Exports to Saudi Arabia totaled $3.1 billion in ’14, compared to $2.8 billion in ’13. • Imports from Saudi Arabia totaled $7.8 billion in ’14, compared to $10.9 billion in ’13. Seaborne Trade • Houston is the third busiest gateway for U.S.-Saudi Arabian waterborne trade (by value). • Waterborne trade between Houston and Saudi Arabia totaled $10.2 billion in ’14, a decrease from $13.0 billion in ’13. Air Cargo Trade • Houston ranks as the busiest gateway for U.S.-Saudi Arabian air cargo trade (by weight). • Air cargo trade between Houston and Saudi Arabia totaled 12.3 million kilograms in ’14, compared to 11.9 million kilograms in ’13. TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND SAUDI ARABIA

18 16 14

$ BILLIONS

12 10 8 6 4 2 0

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008 Imports

2009

2010

2011

Exports

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015

2012

2013

2014

#6: Saudi Arabia - Houston Trade Ties EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO SAUDI ARABIA $ Value, Millions Rank

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Commodity

'13

'14

Industrial Machinery, Including Computers

1,082.8

1,271.7

40.5

17.4

Motor Vehicles and Parts

275.3

323.9

10.3

17.7

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

186.9

275.3

8.8

47.3

Optic, Photographic, Measuring, Medical and Surgical Instruments

256.8

214.9

6.9

-16.3

130.6

161.0

5.1

23.3

95.0

122.5

3.9

28.9

126.2

104.0

3.3

-17.6

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

Articles of Iron or Steel

Plastics and Articles Thereof

Arms and Ammunition

76.6

90.3

2.9

17.8

Metal Tools, Implements, Cutlery, Etc.

58.0

63.8

2.0

10.0

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

51.7

60.5

1.9

17.0

2,339.9

2,687.9

85.7

14.9%

484.1

448.6

14.3

-7.3%

2,824.0

3,136.5

100.0

11.1%

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

IMPORTS - SAUDI ARABIA TO HOUSTON $ Value, Millions Rank

Commodity

'13

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

2 3 4

Miscellaneous Industrial Components, Equipment and Parts

'14

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

10,623.0

7,588.2

97.4

-28.57

Organic Chemicals

132.0

106.8

1.4

-19.09

Articles of Iron or Steel

104.9

69.9

0.9

-33.38

21.1

16.1

0.2

-23.46

Aluminum and Aluminum Articles

0.0

4.7

0.1

N/A

Iron and Steel

2.9

2.0

0.0

-29.57

Articles of Stone, Plaster, Cement, Asbestos, Mica

1.6

1.0

0.0

-41.04

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

0.8

1.0

0.0

19.29

Plastics and Articles Thereof

0.4

0.8

0.0

85.37

Base Metals and Articles

0.0

0.6

0.0

N/A

10,886.7

7,791.1

100.0

-28.4%

9.3

1.8

0.0

-80.6%

10,896.0

7,792.9

100.0

-28.48

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015 25

#7: Germany - Houston Trade Ties Over view Houston and Germany share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 700 Houston companies reporting business or trade ties with Germany. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with German subsidiaries, 29 are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 45 subsidiary locations throughout Germany. Conversely, 71 German firms operate 114 subsidiary locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and Germany increased at a compound annual growth rate of 7.7 percent.

2014 Trade Highlight s Total Trade (Sea + Air) • The Houston-Galveston Customs District ("Houston") is the seventh busiest gateway for U.S-German trade. • Germany ranks seventh among all of Houston’s trading partners. • Trade between Houston and Germany increased 10.9 percent in ’14, increasing from $8.9 billion in ’13 to $9.8 billion last year. Increased pharmaceutical exports to Germany, and imports of industrial equipment accounted for most of the increase. • Exports to Germany totaled $2.1 billion in ’14, compared to $1.9 billion in ’13. • Imports from Germany totaled $7.7 billion in ’14, compared to $6.9 billion in ’13. Seaborne Trade • Houston is the fourth busiest gateway for U.S.-German waterborne trade (by value). • Waterborne trade between Houston and Germany totaled $8.2 billion in ’14, an increase from $7.4 billion in ’13. Air Cargo Trade • Houston ranks as the tenth busiest gateway for U.S.-German air cargo trade (by weight). • Air cargo trade between Houston and Germany totaled 17.3 million kilograms in ’14, compared to 14.6 million kilograms in ’13.

TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND GERMANY

$ BILLIONS

0 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008 Imports

2009

2010

2011

Exports

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015

2012

2013

2014

#7: Germany - Houston Trade Ties EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO GERMANY $ Value, Millions Rank

Commodity

Pharmaceutical Products

'13

'14

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

7.8

351.1

16.4

4,418.4

Industrial Equipment and Computers

486.2

294.7

13.7

-39.4

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

231.2

221.3

10.3

-4.3

Organic Chemicals

199.5

220.2

10.3

10.4

Aircraft, Spacecraft and Parts Thereof

108.5

138.2

6.5

27.6

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

100.0

135.2

6.3

35.2

Plastics and Plastic Articles

106.5

113.6

5.3

6.7

Motor Vehicles and Parts

89.4

110.4

5.1

23.4

Optic, Photographic, Medical, Surgical Instruments

118.9

95.9

4.5

-19.4

Rubber and Rubber Articles

81.0

73.5

3.4

-9.3

1,529.1

1,754.3

81.8

14.7

428.5

391.3

18.2

-8.7

1,957.5

2,145.7

100.0

9.6

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

IMPORTS - GERMANY TO HOUSTON $ Value, Millions Rank

'13

'14

Motor Vehicles and Parts

2,648.1

2,494.9

32.4

Industrial Equipment and Computers

1,426.1

1,809.8

23.5

26.9

Articles of Iron or Steel

601.7

706.4

9.2

17.4

Organic Chemicals

428.0

509.2

6.6

19.0

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

242.5

292.8

3.8

20.7

Optic, Photographic Measuring, Medical, Surgical Instruments

292.3

262.8

3.4

-10.1

Plastics and Plastic Articles

154.8

224.9

2.9

45.3

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

146.1

172.9

2.2

18.4

Iron and Steel

111.3

167.7

2.2

50.7

Precious Stones, Metals, Coins, Pearls, Etc.

2.6

132.6

1.7

4,983.5

6,053.6

6,774.0

88.0

11.9

864.5

922.1

12.0

6.7

6,918.2

7,696.1

100.0

11.2

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Commodity

-5.8

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015 27

#8: Netherlands - Houston Trade Ties Over view Houston and the Netherlands share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 600 Houston companies reporting business or trade ties with the Netherlands. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Dutch subsidiaries, 35 are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 54 subsidiary locations throughout the Netherlands. Conversely, 34 Dutch firms operate 81 subsidiary locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and the Netherlands increased at a compound annual growth rate of 10.3 percent.

2014 Trade Highlight s Total Trade (Sea + Air) • The Houston-Galveston Customs District ("Houston") is the second busiest gateway for U.S-Dutch trade. • The Netherlands ranks eighth among all of Houston’s trading partners. • Trade between Houston and the Netherlands has nearly tripled since ’04, but has decreased over the past three years. Most recently from ’13 to ’14, trade dropped from $9.7 billion in ‘13 to $9.1 billion last year. Reduced petroleum exports, led by light fuel oils, to the Netherlands accounted for most of the dip. • Exports to the Netherlands totaled $7.3 billion in ’14, compared to $8.2 billion in ’13. • Imports from the Netherlands totaled $1.8 billion in ’14, compared to $1.5 billion in ’13. Seaborne Trade • Houston is the busiest gateway for U.S.-Dutch waterborne trade (by value). • Waterborne trade between Houston and the Netherlands totaled $7.5 billion in ’14, a slight decrease from $8.2 billion in ’13. Air Cargo Trade • Houston ranks as the fourth busiest gateway for U.S.-Dutch air cargo trade (by weight). • Air cargo trade between Houston and the Netherlands totaled 174.4 million kilograms in ’14, an increase from 159.0 million kilograms in ’13. TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND THE NETHERLANDS

$ BILLIONS

0 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008 Imports

2009

2010

2011

Exports

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015

2012

2013

2014

#8: Netherlands - Houston Trade Ties EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO THE NETHERLANDS $ Value, Millions Rank

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Commodity

'13

'14

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

4,034.9

3,118.0

42.7

-22.7

Organic Chemicals

1,125.6

1,293.4

17.7

14.9

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

841.9

764.6

10.5

-9.2

Industrial Equipment and Computers

466.7

472.1

6.5

1.2

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

176.4

204.6

2.8

16.0

Ores, Slag And Ash

187.6

203.1

2.8

8.3

Plastics and Plastic Articles

224.0

196.0

2.7

-12.5

Optic, Photographic, Measuring, Medical and Surgical Instruments

167.5

181.9

2.5

8.6

Beverages, Spirits and Vinegar

89.2

133.7

1.8

49.8

Aircraft, Spacecraft and Parts Thereof

111.6

131.0

1.8

17.3

7,425.4

6,698.3

91.8

-9.8

739.0

598.6

8.2

-19.0

8,164.4

7,296.9

100.0

-10.6

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

IMPORTS - THE NETHERLANDS TO HOUSTON $ Value, Millions Rank

Commodity

'13

'14

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Industrial Equipment and Computers

254.4

492.0

27.9

Organic Chemicals

296.5

362.8

20.6

22.3

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

390.0

308.5

17.5

-20.9

Beverages, Spirits And Vinegar

97.0

96.9

5.5

-0.1

Miscellaneous Industrial Components, Equipment and Parts

109.4

93.6

5.3

-14.4

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

62.9

60.5

3.4

-3.8

Optic, Photographic, Measuring, Medical and Surgical Instruments

41.1

58.5

3.3

42.4

Iron And Steel

51.1

55.6

3.2

8.7

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

35.2

48.5

2.8

37.8

Plastics and Plastic Articles

36.4

43.3

2.5

19.2

1,374.1

1,620.2

91.9

17.9

116.7

143.2

8.1

22.7

1,490.8

1,763.4

100.0

18.3

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

93.4

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015 29

#9: south Korea - Houston Trade Ties Over view Houston and South Korea ("Korea") share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 450 Houston companies reporting business or trade ties with Korea. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Korean subsidiaries, nine are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 28 subsidiary locations throughout Korea. Conversely, 14 Korean firms operate 14 subsidiary locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and Korea increased at a compound annual growth rate of 9.8 percent.

2014 Trade Highlight s Total Trade (Sea + Air) • The Houston-Galveston Customs District (“Houston”) is the sixth busiest gateway for U.S-Korean trade. • Korea ranks ninth among all of Houston’s trading partners. • Trade between Houston and Korea has nearly tripled since ’04, and experienced a rise of 32.5 percent in ’14, increasing from $6.3 billion in ’13 to $8.4 billion last year. A rise in the value of trade in iron and steel, and organic chemical imports to Houston, combined with exports of industrial equipment, and petroleum products to Korea accounted for most of the increase. • Exports to Korea totaled $3.7 billion in ’14, compared to $2.8 billion in ’13. • Imports from Korea totaled $4.6 billion in ’14, compared to $3.5 billion in ’13. Seaborne Trade • Houston is the third busiest gateway for U.S.-Korean waterborne trade (by value). • Waterborne trade between Houston and Korea totaled $8.2 billion in ’14, an increase from $6.2 billion in ’13. Air Cargo Trade • Houston ranks as the 10th busiest gateway for U.S.-Korean air cargo trade (by weight). • Air cargo trade between Houston and Korea totaled 3.2 million kilograms in ’14, compared to 2.5 million kilograms in ’13. TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND SOUTH KOREA

9 8 7

$ BILLIONS

6 5 4 3 2 1 0

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008 Imports

2009

2010

2011

Exports

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015

2012

2013

2014

#9: south Korea - Houston Trade Ties EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO south KOREA $ Value, Millions Rank

'13

'14

Organic Chemicals

1,140.2

1,193.8

31.9

4.7

Industrial Equipment and Computers

791.6

1,192.5

31.9

50.7

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

337.1

672.7

18.0

99.5

Plastics and Plastic Articles

133.2

142.1

3.8

6.6

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

123.1

127.1

3.4

3.2

Articles of Iron or Steel

72.1

105.3

2.8

46.1

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

55.9

92.4

2.5

65.3

Beverages, Spirits and Vinegar

12.8

70.4

1.9

452.0

Optic, Photographic Measuring, Medical, Surgical Instruments

14.3

28.9

0.8

102.3

Rubber and Rubber Articles

46.5

22.1

0.6

-52.5

2,726.7

3,647.2

97.4

33.8

112.0

96.6

2.6

-13.8

2,838.7

3,743.7

100.0

31.9

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Commodity

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

IMPORTS - south KOREA TO HOUSTON $ Value, Millions Rank

'13

'14

Articles of Iron or Steel

1,555.6

2,073.0

44.9

33.3

Organic Chemicals

351.5

889.1

19.3

152.9

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

513.4

577.1

12.5

12.4

Industrial Equipment and Computers

285.7

350.3

7.6

22.6

Iron and Steel

146.1

267.5

5.8

83.1

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

91.5

108.7

2.4

18.8

Motor Vehicles and Parts

44.1

59.9

1.3

35.9

Paper and Paperboard Articles

12.4

59.7

1.3

380.2

Rubber and Rubber Articles

39.7

56.2

1.2

41.4

Plastics and Plastic Articles

54.3

49.2

1.1

-9.3

3,094.2

4,490.6

97.2

45.1

380.2

127.8

2.8

-66.4

3,474.4

4,618.4

100.0

32.9

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Commodity

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015

#10: Russia - Houston Trade Ties Over view Houston and Russia share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 500 Houston companies reporting business or trade ties with Russia. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Russian subsidiaries, 32 are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 74 subsidiary locations throughout Russia. Conversely, nine Russian firms operate 19 subsidiary locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and Russia increased at a compound annual growth rate of 10.8 percent.

2014 Trade Highlight s Total Trade (Sea + Air) • The Houston-Galveston Customs District (“Houston”) is the busiest gateway for U.S.-Russian trade. • Russia ranks 10th among all of Houston’s trading partners. • Trade between Houston and Russia has nearly tripled since ’04, but experienced a recent decline from $9.5 billion in ’12, to $8.3 billion in ’13, then to $6.8 billion last year. A decrease in the value of petroleum imports to Houston accounted for most of the dip ’13 -‘14. • Exports to Russia totaled $1.5 billion in ’14, compared to $1.7 billion in ’13. • Imports from Russia totaled $5.3 billion in ’14, compared to $6.5 billion in ’13. Seaborne Trade • Houston is the busiest gateway for U.S.-Russian waterborne trade (by value). • Waterborne trade between Houston and Russia totaled $6.6 billion in ’14, compared to $8.1 billion in ’13. Air Cargo Trade • Houston ranks as the fourth busiest gateway for U.S.-Russian air cargo trade (by weight). • Air cargo trade between Houston and Russia totaled 2.7 million kilograms in ’14, compared to 2.1 million kilograms in ’13.

TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND RUSSIA

$ BILLIONS

0 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008 Imports

2009

2010

2011

Exports

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015

2012

2013

2014

#10: Russia - Houston Trade Ties EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO RUSSIA $ Value, Millions Rank

Commodity

'13

'14

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Industrial Equipment and Computers

678.0

657.3

45.0

-3.0

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

190.6

212.8

14.6

11.7

Plastics and Plastic Articles

204.1

107.8

7.4

-47.2

Motor Vehicles and Parts

93.3

77.1

5.3

-17.3

Optic, Photographic, Measuring, Medical and Surgical Instruments

77.5

69.0

4.7

-11.0

Articles of Iron or Steel

56.3

58.8

4.0

4.4

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

60.3

52.9

3.6

-12.3

Metal Tools, Implements, Cutlery, Etc.

21.3

30.7

2.1

44.3

Essential Oils, Perfumery, Cosmetic Preps

55.4

28.8

2.0

-48.1

Inorganic Chemicals, Rare Earths, Precious Metals

72.6

28.7

2.0

-60.4

1,509.4

1,324.0

90.6

-12.3

228.4

137.2

9.4

-39.9

1,737.7

1,461.2

100.0

-15.9

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

IMPORTS - RUSSIA TO HOUSTON $ Value, Millions Rank

'13

'14

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

5,855.9

4,351.1

81.4

-25.7

Iron and Steel

91.8

366.7

6.9

299.7

Articles of Iron or Steel

178.3

248.7

4.7

39.5

Aluminum and Aluminum Articles

203.3

159.9

3.0

-21.4

Fertilizers

91.6

64.4

1.2

-29.6

Organic Chemicals

16.7

33.0

0.6

97.9

Wood and Wood Articles

16.6

16.8

0.3

1.2

Ores, Slag and Ash

0.7

16.2

0.3

2,125.2

Industrial Equipment and Computers

20.7

13.8

0.3

-33.3

Arms and Ammunition

8.5

13.0

0.2

53.4

6,483.9

5,283.6

98.8

-18.5

63.3

64.3

1.2

1.6

6,547.2

5,347.9

100.0

-18.3

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Commodity

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015 33

#11: United Kingdom - Houston Trade Ties Over view Houston and the United Kingdom (U.K.) share extensive business and cultural connections with more than 1,100 Houston companies reporting business or trade ties with the United Kingdom. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with British subsidiaries, 99 are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 278 subsidiary locations throughout the United Kingdom. Conversely, 133 British firms operate 229 subsidiary locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and the U.K. increased at a compound annual growth rate of 5.7 percent.

2014 Trade Highlight s Total Trade (Sea + Air) • The Houston/Galveston Customs District (“Houston”) is the fourth busiest gateway for U.S.-British trade. • The U.K. ranks 11th among all of Houston's trading partners. • Total annual trade between Houston and the U.K. increased 15.0 percent, from $5.5 billion in ’13 to $6.4 billion in ’14. An increase in the value of trade in petroleum products, and vehicle exports to the U.K., and an increase in industrial machinery imports to Houston, accounted for the most of the increase. • Exports to the U.K. totaled $3.3 billion in ’14, compared to $2.9 billion in ’13. • Imports from the U.K. totaled $3.0 billion in ’14, compared to $2.6 billion in ’13. Seaborne Trade • Houston is the second busiest gateway for U.S.-British waterborne trade (by value). • Waterborne trade between Houston and the U.K. totaled $4.8 billion in ’14, up from $4.1 billion in ’13. Air Cargo Trade • Houston ranks as the seventh busiest gateway for U.S.-British air cargo trade (by weight). • Air cargo trade between Houston and the U.K. totaled 21.3 million kilograms in ’14, compared to 19.9 million kilograms in ’13.

TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND THE U.K.

8 7

$ BILLIONS

6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008 Imports

2009

2010

2011

Exports

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015

2012

2013

2014

#11: United Kingdom - Houston Trade Ties EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO THE U.K. $ Value, Millions Rank

Commodity

'13

'14

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Mineral Fuel, Refined Products, Oils and Waxes

626.4

923.5

27.8

47.4

Industrial Equpment and Computers

786.6

820.9

24.7

4.4

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

233.6

211.1

6.4

-9.6

Optic, Photographic Measuring, Medical, Surgical Instruments

181.1

190.4

5.7

5.2

Aircraft, Spacecraft, and Parts Thereof

150.7

151.0

4.5

0.2

Ores, Slag and Ash

18.0

106.9

3.2

492.8

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

75.6

93.5

2.8

23.7

Articles of Iron or Steel

63.8

89.7

2.7

40.5

Plastics and Plastic Articles

73.1

78.8

2.4

7.9

Organic Chemicals

120.0

78.2

2.4

-34.8

2,328.9

2,744.0

82.6

17.8%

569.5

576.6

17.4

1.2%

2,898.4

3,320.6

100.0

14.6%

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

IMPORTS â&#x20AC;&#x201C; THE U.K. TO HOUSTON $ Value, Millions Rank

Commodity

'13

'14

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Industrial Equipment and Computers

718.5

831.4

27.3

15.7

Mineral Fuel, Refined Products, Oils and Waxes

252.9

430.9

14.1

70.4

Motor Vehicles and Parts

167.6

269.4

8.8

60.7

Special Import Reporting Provisions, NESOI

129.2

174.8

5.7

35.3

Optic, Photographic Measuring, Medical, Surgical Instruments

169.1

170.9

5.6

1.1

Organic Chemicals

222.2

168.3

5.5

-24.3

Articles of Iron or Steel

179.3

138.6

4.5

-22.7

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

139.2

127.1

4.2

-8.7

Iron and Steel

Beverages, Spirits, and Vinegar Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

60.0

122.2

4.0

103.8

130.3

116.7

3.8

-10.4

2,168.3

2,550.3

83.7

17.6

471.6

498.0

16.3

5.6

2,639.9

3,048.3

100.0

15.5

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015 35

#12: Kuwait – Houston Trade Ties Over view Houston and Kuwait share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 350 Houston companies reporting business or trade ties with Kuwait. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Kuwaiti subsidiaries, 10 are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 11 subsidiary locations throughout Kuwait. Conversely, at least one Kuwaiti firm operates a subsidiary location in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and Kuwait increased at a compound annual growth rate of 13.4 percent.

2014 Trade Highlight s Total Trade (Sea + Air) • The Houston-Galveston Customs District (“Houston”) is the busiest gateway for U.S-Kuwaiti trade. • Kuwait ranks 12th among all of Houston’s trading partners. • Trade between Houston and Kuwait has more than tripled since ’04. More recently, total trade increased 13.6 percent from $5.2 billion in ’13 to $5.8 billion last year. An increase in the value of imported crude oil to Houston was responsible for the rise in trade. Crude oil typically accounts for more than 98 percent of Houston’s imports from Kuwait. • Exports to Kuwait totaled $312.9 million in ’14, compared to $317.1 million in ’13. • Imports from Kuwait totaled $5.5 billion in ’14, compared to $4.8 billion in ’13. Seaborne Trade • Houston is the busiest gateway for U.S.-Kuwaiti waterborne trade (by value). • Waterborne trade between Houston and Kuwait totaled $5.8 billion in ’14, an increase from $5.1 billion in ’13. Air Cargo Trade • Houston ranks as the fourth busiest gateway for U.S.-Kuwaiti air cargo trade (by weight). • Air cargo trade between Houston and Kuwait totaled 1.598 million kilograms in ’14, compared to 1.626 million kilograms in ’13. TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND KUWAIT

7 6

$ BILLIONS

5 4 3 2 1 0 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008 Imports

2009

2010

2011

Exports

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015

2012

2013

2014

#12: Kuwait â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Houston Trade Ties EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO KUWAIT $ Value, Millions Rank

Commodity

'13

Industrial Equipment and Computers

'14

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

128.5

103.4

33.0

-19.6

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

19.3

35.2

11.2

81.9

Optic, Photographic, Measuring, Medical and Surgical Instruments

19.4

27.9

8.9

43.8

Motor Vehicles and Parts

25.2

20.2

6.4

-19.8

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

24.5

19.4

6.2

-20.7

Metal Tools, Implements, Cutlery, Etc.

11.9

14.8

4.7

24.3

Plastics and Articles Thereof

17.9

11.9

3.8

-33.8

Articles of Iron or Steel

5.0

9.1

2.9

82.8

Organic Chemicals

7.2

7.4

2.4

2.1

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

4.5

6.8

2.2

50.5

263.4

256.0

81.8

-2.8

53.7

56.9

18.2

5.9

317.1

312.9

100.0

-1.32

Total top 10 All Other Commodities TOTAL ALL COMMODITIES

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

IMPORTS - KUWAIT TO HOUSTON $ Value, Millions Rank

'13

'14

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

4,776.3

5,481.4

98.9

Fertilizers

44.5

45.9

0.8

3.1

Miscellaneous Industrial Components, Equipment and Parts

2.7

7.6

0.1

181.3

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

0.0

4.5

0.1

31,975.8

Articles of Iron or Steel

0.0

0.2

0.0

---

4,834.3

5,539.6

100.0

14.6

0.0

4,834.3

5,539.6

100.0

14.6

Total Top 5 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Commodity

14.7

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015 37

#13: Canada - Houston Trade Ties Over view Houston and Canada share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 1,100 Houston companies reporting business or trade ties with Canada. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Canadian subsidiaries, are 90 headquartered in Houston collectively operating 758 subsidiary locations throughout Canada. Conversely, 68 Canadian firms operate 105 subsidiary locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and Canada increased at a compound annual growth rate of 24.4 percent.

2014 Trade Highlight s Total Trade (Sea + Air) • The Houston-Galveston Customs District (“Houston”) is the 17th busiest gateway for U.S.-Canadian trade. • Canada ranks 13th among all of Houston’s trading partners. • Trade between Houston and Canada has increased eightfold since ’04, rising year-over-year during the last five years. Total trade in ’13 was $3.2 billion, then to $5.8 billion last year. A rise in the value crude oil exports accounted for most of the increase from ’13 to ’14. • Exports to Canada totaled $5.3 billion in ’14, compared to $2.8 billion in ’13. • Imports from Canada totaled $480.8 million in ’14, compared to $461.8 million in ’13. Seaborne Trade • Houston is the busiest gateway for U.S.-Canadian waterborne trade (by value). • Waterborne trade between Houston and Canada totaled $5.6 billion in ’14, compared to $3.1 billion in ’13. Air Cargo Trade • Houston ranks as the 20th busiest gateway for U.S.-Canadian air cargo trade (by weight). • Air cargo trade between Houston and Canada totaled 702.7 thousand kilograms in ’14, compared to 967.1 thousand kilograms in ’13. TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND CANADA

7 6

$ BILLIONS

5 4 3 2 1 0 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008 Imports

2009

2010

2011

Exports

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015

2012

2013

2014

#13: Canada - Houston Trade Ties EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO CANADA $ Value, Millions Rank

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Commodity

'13

'14

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

2,700.4

5,058.1

95.7

87.3

Organic Chemicals

11.3

60.0

1.1

431.8

Industrial Equipment and Computers

30.0

49.1

0.9

63.9

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

13.2

45.0

0.9

239.6

Beverages, Spirits and Vinegar

0.0

38.2

0.7

Infinity

Optic, Photographic, Measuring, Medical and Surgical Instruments

5.4

8.7

0.2

59.3

Inorganic Chemicals, Rare Earths, Precious Metals

3.6

8.1

0.2

124.6

Articles of Iron or Steel

6.5

7.6

0.1

16.3

Metal Tools, Implements, Cutlery, Etc.

0.5

2.7

0.1

411.9

Fertilizers

0.0

1.9

0.0

Infinity

2,771.1

5,279.4

99.9

90.5

7.2

5.3

0.1

-26.5

2,778.2

5,284.7

100.0

90.2

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

IMPORTS - CANADA TO HOUSTON $ Value, Millions Rank 1

Commodity

'13

'14

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

136.8

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

254.5

52.9

86.0

201.8

99.1

20.6

-50.9

34.9

42.4

8.8

21.5

9.1

18.3

3.8

100.6

Organic Chemicals

Industrial Equipment and Computers

Optic, Photographic, Measuring, Medical and Surgical Instruments

Miscellaneous Industrial Components, Equipment and Parts

18.4

17.6

3.7

-3.9

Plastics and Plastic Articles

22.7

17.3

3.6

-24.0

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

6.3

10.6

2.2

66.4

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

13.0

10.2

2.1

-21.2

Articles of Iron or Steel

2.0

7.2

1.5

251.8

Aircraft, Spacecraft and Parts Thereof

9.4

0.7

0.1

-92.8

454.5

477.9

99.4

5.1

7.3

3.0

0.6

-59.3

461.8

480.8

100.0

4.1

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015 39

#14: Japan – Houston Trade Ties Over view Houston and Japan share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 600 Houston companies reporting business or trade ties with Japan. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Japanese subsidiaries, 13 are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 21 subsidiary locations throughout Japan. Conversely, 98 Japanese firms operate 143 subsidiary locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and Japan increased at a compound annual growth rate of 13.1 percent.

2014 Trade Highlight s Total Trade (Sea + Air) • The Houston-Galveston Customs District (“Houston”) is the 11th busiest gateway for U.S.-Japanese trade. • Japan ranks 14th among all of Houston’s trading partners. • Trade between Houston and Japan has more than tripled since ’04, rising year-over-year since ’09, and increasing from $5.0 billion in ’13 to $5.2 billion last year. A rise in the value of trade in organic chemical and propane exports to Japan accounted for most of the increase. • Exports to Japan totaled $2.6 billion in ’14, an increase over $2.2 billion in ’13. • Imports from Japan totaled $2.6 billion in ’14, compared to $2.7 billion in ’13. Seaborne Trade • Houston is the 11th busiest gateway for U.S.-Japanese waterborne trade (by value). • Waterborne trade between Houston and Japan totaled $4.9 billion in ’14, compared to $4.6 billion in ’13. Air Cargo Trade • Houston ranks as the 13th busiest gateway for U.S.-Japanese air cargo trade (by weight). • Air cargo trade between Houston and Japan totaled 4.1 million kilograms in ’14, an increase over 4.0 million kilograms in ’13.

TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND JAPAN

$ BILLIONS

0 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008 Imports

2009

2010

2011

Exports

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015

2012

2013

2014

#14: Japan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Houston Trade Ties EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO JAPAN $ Value, Millions Rank

Commodity

'13

'14

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

961.4

1,162.2

45.0

20.9

Organic Chemicals

960.1

1,158.7

44.8

20.7

Industrial Equipment and Computers

51.9

51.5

2.0

-0.8

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

35.9

43.6

1.7

21.7

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

30.6

36.2

1.4

18.3

Plastics and Plastic Articles

25.7

33.7

1.3

31.1

Books, Newspapers, Magazines, Etc.

50.8

27.2

1.1

-46.6

Optic, Photographic, Measuring, Medical and Surgical Instruments

18.6

20.8

0.8

11.9

Soaps, Waxes, Polishes, Candles, Dental Preps

14.8

15.4

0.6

3.6

Fertilizers

15.6

10.4

0.4

-33.4

2,165.3

2,559.6

99.0

18.2

79.4

25.4

1.0

-68.0

2,244.7

2,585.0

100.0

15.2

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

IMPORTS - JAPAN TO HOUSTON $ Value, Millions Rank

Commodity

'13

'14

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Industrial Equipment and Computers

876.0

933.4

35.7

Articles of Iron or Steel

540.8

588.4

22.5

8.8

Organic Chemicals

361.0

318.3

12.2

-11.8

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

355.2

148.3

5.7

-58.3

Motor Vehicles and Parts

100.1

133.1

5.1

33.1

Iron and Steel

107.3

124.4

4.8

16.0

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

88.6

93.4

3.6

5.4

Plastics and Plastic Articles

64.2

76.8

2.9

19.7

Rubber and Rubber Articles

29.3

37.0

1.4

26.3

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

32.9

31.4

1.2

-4.5

2,555.5

2,484.6

95.0

-2.8

184.6

130.0

5.0

-29.6

2,740.1

2,614.6

100.0

-4.6

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

6.5

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015

#15: Belgium - Houston Trade Ties Over view Houston and Belgium share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 400 Houston companies reporting business or trade ties with Belgium. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Belgian subsidiaries, 14 are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 22 subsidiary locations throughout Belgium. Conversely, 10 Belgian firms operate 14 subsidiary locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and Belgium increased at a compound annual growth rate of 6.8 percent.

2014 Trade Highlight s Total Trade (Sea + Air) • The Houston-Galveston Customs District (“Houston”) is the second busiest gateway for U.S.-Belgian trade. • Belgium ranks 15th among all of Houston’s trading partners. • Trade between Houston and Belgium has nearly doubled since ’04, but experienced a marginal decline of 2.0 percent in ’14, decreasing from $5.0 billion in ’13 to $4.9 billion last year. Declines in the value of trade in light fuel oil exports to Belgium accounted for most of the dip. • Exports to Belgium totaled $3.5 billion in ’14, compared to $3.6 billion in ’13. • Imports from Belgium totaled $1.3 billion in ’14, nearly unchanged from $1.3 billion in ’13. Seaborne Trade • Houston is the busiest gateway for U.S.-Belgian waterborne trade (by value). • Waterborne trade between Houston and Belgium totaled $4.7 billion in ’14, compared to $4.9 billion in ’13. Air Cargo Trade • Houston ranks as the sixth busiest gateway for U.S.-Belgian air cargo trade (by weight). • Air cargo trade between Houston and Belgium totaled 5.0 million kilograms in ’14, representing a significant increased from 1.9 million kilograms in ’13. TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND BELGIUM

$ BILLIONS

0 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008 Imports

2009

2010

2011

Exports

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015

2012

2013

2014

#15: Belgium - Houston Trade Ties EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO BELGIUM $ Value, Millions Rank

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Commodity

'13

'14

Organic Chemicals

1,428.7

1,476.0

41.9

3.3

Plastics and Plastic Articles

773.8

830.5

23.6

7.3

Industrial Equipment and Computers

182.0

215.8

6.1

18.5

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

541.7

210.0

6.0

-61.2

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

177.6

195.3

5.5

10.0

Rubber and Rubber Articles

80.0

101.5

2.9

26.7

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

67.9

82.2

2.3

20.9

Optic, Photographic, Measuring, Medical and Surgical Instruments

72.4

73.9

2.1

2.0

Ores, Slag and Ash

0.6

67.0

1.9

9,939.7

Inorganic Chemicals, Rare Earths, Precious Metals

44.9

45.4

1.3

1.2

3,370.1

3,297.9

93.5

-2.1

259.4

227.9

6.5

-12.1

3,629.6

3,525.9

100.0

-2.9

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

IMPORTS - BELGIUM TO HOUSTON $ Value, Millions Rank

Commodity

'13

'14

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

777.7

719.5

54.1

Organic Chemicals

179.2

191.3

14.4

6.8

Industrial Equipment and Computers

132.3

89.6

6.7

-32.3

Plastics and Plastic Articles

27.2

75.9

5.7

178.8

Iron and Steel

44.8

68.5

5.1

52.9

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

26.3

38.9

2.9

47.9

Beverages, Spirits and Vinegar

20.5

27.1

2.0

32.2

Miscellaneous Industrial Components, Equipment and Parts

17.7

17.5

1.3

-0.8

Optic, Photographic, Measuring, Medical and Surgical Instruments

12.4

13.9

1.0

12.0

Works of Art, Collectors Pieces and Antiques

4.0

13.0

1.0

222.9

1,242.2

1,255.3

94.3

1.1

85.0

75.8

5.7

-10.8

1,327.1

1,331.1

100.0

0.3

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

-7.5

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015 43

#16: India – Houston Trade Ties Over view Houston and India share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 700 Houston companies reporting business or trade ties with India. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Indian subsidiaries, 36 are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 79 subsidiary locations throughout India. Conversely, 18 Indian firms operate 26 subsidiary locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and India increased at a compound annual growth rate of 15.3 percent.

2014 Trade Highlight s Total Trade (Sea + Air) • The Houston-Galveston Customs District ("Houston") is the third busiest gateway for U.S.-Indian trade. • India ranks 16th among all of Houston’s trading partners. • Trade between Houston and India has more than quadrupled since ’04, but experienced a dip in ’14, dropping from $5.2 billion in ’13 to $4.7 billion last year. A drop in gums, resins and other vegetable extracts imports accounted for most of the dip. • Exports to India totaled $1.5 billion in ’14, compared to $1.7 billion in ’13. • Imports from India totaled $3.2 billion in ’14, compared to $3.5 billion in ’13. Seaborne Trade • Houston is the second busiest gateway for U.S.-Indian waterborne trade (by value). • Waterborne trade between Houston and India totaled $4.4 billion ’14, compared to $4.9 billion in ’13. Air Cargo Trade • Houston ranks as the fifth busiest gateway for U.S.-Indian air cargo trade (by weight). • Air cargo trade between Houston and India totaled 10.4 million kilograms in ’14, compared to 7.9 million kilograms in ’13.

TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND INDIA

8 7

$ BILLIONS

6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008 Imports

2009

2010

2011

Exports

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015

2012

2013

2014

#16: India â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Houston Trade Ties EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO INDIA $ Value, Millions Rank

Commodity

'13

'14

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Industrial Equipment and Computers

371.7

365.5

23.8

-1.7

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

321.8

269.1

17.5

-16.4

Organic Chemicals

303.4

238.1

15.5

-21.5

Plastics and Plastic Articles

168.7

140.2

9.1

-16.9

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

52.1

87.9

5.7

69.0

Rubber and Rubber Articles

39.4

65.6

4.3

66.7

Beverages, Spirits and Vinegar

35.1

63.1

4.1

79.8

Electric Machinery, Equipment and Parts

63.8

59.8

3.9

-5.9

Iron and Steel

67.0

44.4

2.9

-33.8

Optic, Photographic, Measuring, Medical, Surgical Instruments

67.9

41.0

2.7

-39.7

1,490.6

1,374.7

89.5

-7.8

173.3

160.7

10.5

-7.3

1,664.0

1,535.3

100.0

-7.7

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

IMPORTS - INDIA TO HOUSTON $ Value, Millions Rank

'13

'14

Gums, Resins and Vegetable Extracts

1,453.7

1,042.8

32.5

Industrial Equipment and Computers

333.5

384.1

12.0

15.2

Articles of Iron or Steel

391.0

347.8

10.8

-11.1

Organic Chemicals

233.9

278.3

8.7

19.0

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

368.9

271.4

8.4

-26.4

Iron and Steel

70.4

188.7

5.9

168.0

Linens, Needlecraft Sets, Worn Clothing, Etc.

114.1

119.2

3.7

4.5

Vehicles, Except Railway or Tramway

49.3

59.3

1.8

20.3

Edible Vegetables, Roots, Tubers

64.2

42.6

1.3

-33.6

Articles of Stone, Plaster, Cement, Asbestos, Mica

31.9

38.3

1.2

20.0

3,110.9

2,772.6

86.3

-10.9

400.9

440.7

13.7

9.9

3,511.9

3,213.3

100.0

-8.5

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Commodity

-28.3

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015 45

#17: Chile – Houston Trade Ties Over view Houston and Chile share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 500 Houston companies reporting business or trade ties with Chile. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Chilean subsidiaries, nine are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 11 subsidiary locations throughout Chile. Conversely, at least one Chilean firm operates a subsidiary location in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and Chile increased at a compound annual growth rate of 13.0 percent.

2014 Trade Highlight s Total Trade (Sea + Air) • The Houston-Galveston Customs District (“Houston”) is the second busiest gateway for U.S.-Chilean trade. • Chile ranks 17th among all of Houston’s trading partners. • Trade between Houston and Chile more than tripled since ’04, but has experienced declines since its peak in ‘12, decreasing from $5.9 billion in ’12 to $4.4 billion in ‘14. Declines in exports of petroleum products led by light fuel oils and industrial equipment to Chile accounted for most of the dip. • Exports to Chile totaled $4.0 billion in ’14, compared to $4.7 billion in ’13. • Imports from Chile totaled $379.4 million in ’14, an increase from $331.1 million in ’13. Seaborne Trade • Houston is the busiest gateway for U.S.-Chilean waterborne trade (by value). • Waterborne trade between Houston and Chile totaled $4.4 billion in ’14, compared to $5.0 billion in ’13. Air Cargo Trade • Houston ranks as the 10th busiest gateway for U.S.-Chilean air cargo trade (by weight). • Air cargo trade between Houston and Chile totaled 341.9 thousand kilograms in ’14, an increase from 153.4 thousand kilograms in ’13. TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND CHILE

7 6

$ BILLIONS

5 4 3 2 1 0 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008 Imports

2009

2010

2011

Exports

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015

2012

2013

2014

#17: Chile â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Houston Trade Ties EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO CHILE $ Value, Millions Rank

'13

'14

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

2,374.5

2,225.6

55.9

-6.3

Motor Vehicles and Parts

433.5

347.5

8.7

-19.9

Organic Chemicals

358.9

328.6

8.3

-8.5

Industrial Equipment and Computers

559.9

297.7

7.5

-46.8

Plastics and Plastic Articles

228.7

215.7

5.4

-5.7

Inorganic Chemicals, Rare Earths, Precious Metals

114.6

102.3

2.6

-10.7

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

81.8

80.1

2.0

-2.0

Meat and Edible Meat By-Products

46.6

66.9

1.7

43.7

Rubber and Rubber Articles

88.9

63.6

1.6

-28.5

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

109.7

61.4

1.5

-44.0

4,397.1

3,789.5

95.1

-13.8

261.0

193.5

4.9

-25.9

4,658.1

3,982.9

100.0

-14.5

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Commodity

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

IMPORTS - CHILE TO HOUSTON $ Value, Millions Rank 1

Commodity

'13

Wood and Wood Articles

'14

60.5

% of Total

76.5

% Change '13 - '14

20.2

26.3

Rubber and Rubber Articles

49.5

59.9

15.8

21.0

Industrial Equipment and Computers

35.2

41.2

10.9

17.0

Copper and Copper Articles

57.0

37.3

9.8

-34.6

Edible Fruit and Nuts

16.6

19.8

5.2

19.6

Motor Vehicles and Parts

18.0

19.4

5.1

7.9

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

29.6

18.9

5.0

-36.2

Miscellaneous Industrial Components, Equipment and Parts

8.8

17.2

4.5

95.0

Beverages, Spirits and Vinegar

18.3

17.0

4.5

-7.1

Organic Chemicals

0.0

13.7

3.6

N/A

293.6

321.0

84.6

9.3

37.5

58.5

15.4

56.0

331.1

379.4

100.0

14.6

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015 47

#18: Italy – Houston Trade Ties Over view Houston and Italy share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 600 Houston companies reporting business or trade ties with Italy. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Italian subsidiaries, 13 are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 21 subsidiary locations throughout Italy. Conversely, 15 Italian firms operate 18 subsidiary locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and Italy increased at a compound annual growth rate of 6.6 percent.

2014 Trade Highlight s Total Trade (Sea + Air) • The Houston-Galveston Customs District (“Houston”) is the fourth busiest gateway for U.S.-Italian trade. • Italy ranks 18th among all of Houston’s trading partners. • Trade between Houston and Italy has nearly doubled since ’04, with consistent growth since ’10 except for a slight dip in ’13. Trade grew from $3.3 billion in ’13, to $4.3 billion last year. A rise in the value of trade in industrial machinery imports to Houston, and electric machinery exports to Italy, accounted for most of the increase. • Exports to Italy totaled $1.4 billion in ’14, an increase over $1.0 billion in ’13. • Imports from Italy totaled $2.9 billion in ’14, an increase over $2.3 billion in ’13. Seaborne Trade • Houston is the second busiest gateway for U.S.-Italian waterborne trade (by value). • Waterborne trade between Houston and Italy totaled $4.0 billion in ’14, an increase over $3.0 billion in ’13. Air Cargo Trade • Houston ranks as the seventh busiest gateway for U.S.-Italian air cargo trade (by weight). • Air cargo trade between Houston and Italy totaled 8.1 million kilograms in ’14, an increase over 7.6 million kilograms in ’13.

TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND ITALY

$ BILLIONS

0 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008 Imports

2009

2010

2011

Exports

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015

2012

2013

2014

#18: Italy â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Houston Trade Ties EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO ITALY $ Value, Millions Rank

Commodity

'13

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

'14

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

260.7

475.9

33.7

82.5

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

30.5

285.9

20.2

838.1

Aircraft, Spacecraft and Parts Thereof

76.7

128.7

9.1

67.9

Industrial Equipment and Computers

171.4

124.4

8.8

-27.4

Raw Hides, Skins and Leather

Organic Chemicals

55.3

71.3

5.0

28.9

104.0

63.1

4.5

-39.3

Cereals

70.8

57.9

4.1

-18.3

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

40.2

39.7

2.8

-1.1

Plastics and Plastic Articles

26.6

27.3

1.9

2.3

Inorganic Chemicals, Rare Earths, Precious Metals

21.3

17.9

1.3

-15.9

Total Top 10 Commodities

857.4

1,291.9

91.4

50.7

All Other Commodities

158.0

121.2

8.6

-23.3

1,015.3

1,413.1

100.0

39.2

TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

IMPORTS - ITALY TO HOUSTON $ Value, Millions Rank

Commodity

'13

'14

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Industrial Equipment and Computers

713.4

1,131.9

38.6

58.7

Articles of Iron or Steel

493.4

549.3

18.7

11.3

Iron and Steel

95.5

143.2

4.9

49.9

Beverages, Spirits and Vinegar

126.3

140.3

4.8

11.1

Motor Vehicles and Parts

95.3

128.1

4.4

34.4

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

70.5

87.7

3.0

24.4

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

45.0

83.8

2.9

86.5

Organic Chemicals

73.3

76.3

2.6

4.1

Ceramic Products

50.0

60.6

2.1

21.0

Articles of Stone, Plaster, Cement, Asbestos, Mica

60.9

56.7

1.9

-6.9

1,823.6

2,457.8

83.8

34.8

481.0

474.6

16.2

-1.3

2,304.6

2,932.4

100.0

27.2

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015 49

#19: France - Houston Trade Ties Over view Houston and France share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 700 Houston companies reporting business or trade ties with France. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with French subsidiaries, 29 are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 65 subsidiary locations throughout France. Conversely, 58 French firms operate 112 subsidiary locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and France increased at a compound annual growth rate of 8.0 percent.

2014 Trade Highlight s Total Trade (Sea + Air) • The Houston-Galveston Customs District (“Houston”) is the fifth busiest gateway for U.S.-French trade. • France ranks 19th among all of Houston’s trading partners. • Trade between Houston and France has more than doubled since ’04, but experienced a recent dip, from $5.2 billion in ’12, to $4.8 billion in ’13, then to $4.3 billion last year. A dip in the value of trade in light fuel oil exports to France accounted for most of the decline. • Exports to France totaled $2.2 billion in ’14, compared to $2.7 billion in ’13. • Imports from France totaled $2.1 billion in ’14, an increase over $2.0 billion in ’13. Seaborne Trade • Houston is the second busiest gateway for U.S.-French waterborne trade (by value). • Waterborne trade between Houston and France totaled $3.7 billion in ’14, compared to $4.1 billion in ’13. Air Cargo Trade • Houston ranks as the tenth busiest gateway for U.S.-French air cargo trade (by weight). • Air cargo trade between Houston and France totaled 7.1 million kilograms in ’14, an increase over 6.3 million kilograms in ’13.

TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND FRANCE

$ BILLIONS

0 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008 Imports

2009

2010

2011

Exports

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015

2012

2013

2014

#19: France - Houston Trade Ties EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO FRANCE $ Value, Millions Rank

'13

'14

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

1,607.9

1,216.9

55.9

-24.3

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

160.3

172.0

7.9

7.3

Aircraft, Spacecraft and Parts Thereof

176.8

123.8

5.7

-30.0

Industrial Equipment and Computers

97.1

121.0

5.6

24.5

Plastics and Plastic Articles

104.2

100.6

4.6

-3.4

Organic Chemicals

112.4

80.4

3.7

-28.5

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

51.9

64.3

3.0

23.9

Optic, Photographic, Measuring, Medical and Surgical Instruments

84.6

54.5

2.5

-35.6

Ships, Boats and Floating Structures

12.4

30.5

1.4

145.7

Rubber and Rubber Articles

27.9

30.0

1.4

7.5

2,435.6

1,994.0

91.7

-18.1

302.3

181.7

8.3

-39.9

2,738.0

2,175.7

100.0

-20.5

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Commodity

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

IMPORTS - FRANCE TO HOUSTON $ Value, Millions Rank 1

Commodity

'13

Industrial Equipment and Computers

523.0

'14

% of Total

523.5

% Change '13 - '14

24.7

0.1

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

285.4

200.2

9.4

-29.9

Beverages, Spirits and Vinegar

186.0

192.4

9.1

3.5

Iron and Steel

101.5

163.3

7.7

60.9

Articles of Iron or Steel

154.7

160.1

7.5

3.5

Motor Vehicles and Parts

87.0

152.1

7.2

74.8

Organic Chemicals

107.5

134.1

6.3

24.7

Optic, Photographic, Measuring, Medical and Surgical Instruments

119.2

117.1

5.5

-1.7

Rubber and Rubber Articles

60.5

99.8

4.7

64.9

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

60.2

77.7

3.7

29.1

1,685.0

1,820.2

85.8

8.0

325.6

302.3

14.2

-7.1

2,010.6

2,122.6

100.0

5.6

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015

#20: Ecuador - Houston Trade Ties Over view Houston and Ecuador share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 350 Houston companies reporting business or trade ties with Ecuador. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Ecuadorian subsidiaries, 15 are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 21 subsidiary locations throughout Ecuador. Conversely, at least one Ecuadorian firm operates a subsidiary location in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and Ecuador increased at a compound annual growth rate of 15.5 percent.

2014 Trade Highlight s Total Trade (Sea + Air) • The Houston-Galveston Customs District (“Houston”) is the busiest gateway for U.S.-Ecuadorian trade. • Ecuador ranks 20th among all of Houston’s trading partners. • Trade between Houston and Ecuador has more than quadrupled since ’04, and experienced a rise of 23.4 percent in ’14, increasing from $3.4 billion in ’13 to $4.2 billion last year. A rise in the value of trade in refined petroleum product exports to Ecuador accounted for most of the increase. • Exports to Ecuador totaled $3.3 billion in ’14, an increase from $2.4 billion in ’13. • Imports from Ecuador totaled $917.6 million in ’14, compared to $979.7 million in ’13. Seaborne Trade • Houston is the busiest gateway for U.S.-Ecuadorian waterborne trade (by value). • Waterborne trade between Houston and Ecuador totaled $4.2 billion in ’14, an increase from $3.4 billion in ’13. Air Cargo Trade • Houston ranks as the fifth busiest gateway for U.S.-Ecuadorian air cargo trade (by weight). • Air cargo trade between Houston and Ecuador totaled 207.8 thousand kilograms in ’14, compared to 215.0 thousand kilograms in ’13. TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND ECUADOR

$ BILLIONS

0 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008 Imports

2009

2010

2011

Exports

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015

2012

2013

2014

#20: Ecuador - Houston Trade Ties EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO ECUADOR $ Value, Millions Rank

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Commodity

'13

'14

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

1,725.7

2,484.2

75.4

44.0

Industrial Equipment and Computers

180.8

248.0

7.5

37.2

Plastics and Plastic Articles

156.2

183.8

5.6

17.6

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

94.8

76.9

2.3

-18.9

78.7

58.3

1.8

-25.8

0.0

42.9

1.3

N/A

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

Ships, Boats and Floating Structures

Articles of Iron or Steel

35.8

36.9

1.1

2.9

Organic Chemicals

41.7

34.6

1.1

-17.0

Cereals

1.5

29.2

0.9

N/A

Cotton Yarn and Woven Fabric

24.3

13.3

0.4

-45.4

2,339.5

3,208.0

97.4

37.1

94.0

87.2

2.6

-7.2

2,433.5

3,295.2

100.0

35.4

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

IMPORTS - ECUADOR TO HOUSTON $ Value, Millions Rank

Commodity

'13

'14

% of Total

% Change '13 - '14

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

910.7

802.8

87.5

-11.8

Fish, Crustaceans and Aquatic Invertebrates

20.2

42.7

4.7

111.1

Edible Preps of Meat, Fish, Crustaceans, Etc.

17.8

24.0

2.6

34.7

Miscellaneous Industrial Components, Equipment and Parts

9.0

15.8

1.7

75.7

Wood and Wood Articles

5.9

10.5

1.1

77.5

Edible Fruit and Nuts

6.3

9.9

1.1

57.4

Miscellaneous Edible Preps

0.0

3.2

0.3

N/A

Plastics and Plastic Articles

4.9

1.6

0.2

-67.3

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

1.1

1.6

0.2

40.0

Edible Vegetables, Roots, Tubers

0.4

1.3

0.1

256.8

976.3

913.3

99.5

-6.5

3.4

4.3

0.5

24.6

979.7

917.6

100.0

-6.3

Total Top 10 Commodities All Other Commodities TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES

Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015 53

HOUSTON TRADE - COMMODITIES RANKED BY VALUE OF TRADE - 2014 Rank

Commodity Description TOTAL ALL COMMODITIES

Annual '12 $ Value

Annual '13 $ Value

Annual '14 $ Value

'12 - '13 % Change

'13 - '14 % Change

274,263,854,223

251,855,392,889

253,289,539,625

-8.2

0.6

Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes

133,730,658,795

118,064,926,559

111,111,510,624

-11.7

-5.9

Industrial Equipment and Computers

28,973,564,635

28,456,235,862

31,411,627,733

-1.8

10.4

Organic Chemicals

21,444,670,950

22,112,174,937

21,983,784,189

3.1

-0.6

Articles of Iron or Steel

12,475,787,540

10,531,170,140

12,290,666,986

-15.6

16.7

Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts

12,342,753,249

10,471,823,594

11,100,681,168

-15.2

6.0

Plastics and Plastic Articles

8,326,612,373

8,981,946,756

8,882,753,160

7.9

-1.1

Motor Vehicles and Parts

8,698,181,133

7,376,321,381

7,460,257,863

-15.2

1.1

Miscellaneous Chemical Products

4,219,232,558

4,398,872,566

4,463,867,758

4.3

1.5

Optic, Photographic, Measuring, Medical and Surgical Instruments

3,879,053,411

3,719,567,684

3,726,211,044

-4.1

0.2

Iron and Steel

3,359,271,760

2,539,484,094

3,720,680,767

-24.4

46.5

Cereals

2,069,865,119

2,817,625,331

3,261,105,939

36.1

15.7

Beverages, Spirits and Vinegar

2,361,896,801

2,083,870,305

2,547,225,886

-11.8

22.2

Rubber and Rubber Articles

2,411,206,925

2,316,225,594

2,326,750,058

-3.9

0.5

Inorganic Chemicals, Rare Earths, Precious Metals

2,254,203,405

2,334,746,658

2,258,206,929

3.6

-3.3

Miscellaneous Industrial Components, Equipment and Parts

1,304,394,819

1,521,512,509

1,783,456,726

16.7

17.2

Aircraft, Spacecraft and Parts Thereof

1,568,446,147

1,552,774,805

1,523,029,695

-1.0

-1.9

Furniture, Bedding, Lamps, Etc.

1,121,875,080

1,225,219,305

1,388,228,565

9.2

13.3

Gums, Resins and Vegetable Extracts

3,329,487,514

1,530,675,271

1,124,263,308

-54.0

-26.6

Pharmaceutical Products

483,163,293

529,031,574

961,217,361

9.5

81.7

Essential Oils, Perfumery, Cosmetic Preps

806,453,905

799,613,435

907,195,083

-0.9

13.5

Toys, Games and Sports Equipment

739,704,279

751,947,169

864,785,628

1.7

15.0

Footwear, Gaiters, Etc.

655,170,986

751,022,602

862,599,061

14.6

14.9

Meat and Edible Meat By-Products

1,020,332,555

738,374,478

844,332,066

-27.6

14.4

Soaps, Waxes, Polishes, Candles, Dental Preps

653,147,572

696,105,677

791,071,738

6.6

13.6

Metal Tools, Implements, Cutlery, Etc.

718,640,409

736,452,780

755,610,035

2.5

2.6

Partnership Research | May 2015

HOUSTON TRADE - COMMODITIES RANKED BY VALUE OF TRADE - 2014 Rank

Commodity Description

Annual '12 $ Value

Annual '13 $ Value

Annual '14 $ Value

'12 - '13 % Change

'13 - '14 % Change

Ores, Slag and Ash

569,814,343

532,534,654

712,060,623

-6.5

33.7

Aluminum and Aluminum Articles

827,300,292

785,029,078

698,374,124

-5.1

-11.0

Edible Fruit and Nuts

622,357,230

629,331,565

678,677,680

1.1

7.8

Linens, Needlecraft Sets, Worn Clothing, Etc.

635,841,103

652,448,364

677,739,428

2.6

3.9

Fertilizers

635,520,377

578,757,400

590,949,645

-8.9

2.1

Articles of Stone, Plaster, Cement, Asbestos, Mica

495,310,860

593,645,605

577,278,677

19.9

-2.8

Wood and Wood Articles

431,522,618

473,691,970

569,641,511

9.8

20.3

Cotton Yarn and Woven Fabric

353,413,342

453,583,930

506,812,968

28.3

11.7

Paper and Paperboard Articles

479,756,338

440,164,098

504,689,311

-8.3

14.7

Knitted or Crocheted Apparel and Accessories

478,947,063

493,343,024

495,916,921

3.0

0.5

Copper and Copper Articles

591,900,410

478,226,103

443,500,199

-19.2

-7.3

Ships, Boats and Floating Structures

1,435,631,019

668,758,949

431,673,873

-53.4

-35.5

Salt, Sulfur, Stone, Lime and Cement Plaster

359,451,133

321,687,526

418,680,935

-10.5

30.2

Non-Knitted Apparel and Accessories

339,814,103

337,760,585

403,929,599

-0.6

19.6

Coffee, Tea and Spices

416,595,659

327,340,532

399,895,584

-21.4

22.2

Precious Stones, Metals, Coins, Pearls, Etc.

367,455,126

335,850,483

396,152,098

-8.6

18.0

Fish, Crustaceans and Aquatic Invertebrates

264,249,137

296,110,077

394,426,976

12.1

33.2

Oil Grain, Seed, Fruit and Plant Seeds

481,844,412

713,471,598

388,863,050

48.1

-45.5

Animal or Vegetable Fats, Oils and Waxes

643,731,934

617,081,520

368,158,865

-4.1

-40.3

Miscellaneous Edible Preps

260,857,968

282,856,872

347,285,696

8.4

22.8

Railway or Tramway Stock, Etc.

272,319,322

309,975,055

309,883,907

13.8

0.0

Arms and Ammunition

294,459,216

315,241,528

297,238,149

7.1

-5.7

Ceramic Products

325,936,544

268,063,367

288,767,466

-17.8

7.7

Miscellaneous Articles of Base Metal

262,380,211

246,032,042

271,457,876

-6.2

10.3

Tanning Extracts, Dyes, Paints, Inks, Etc.

225,431,079

240,994,859

254,863,556

6.9

5.8

Partnership Research | May 2015 55

HOUSTON TRADE - COMMODITIES RANKED BY VALUE OF TRADE - 2014 Rank

Commodity Description

Annual '12 $ Value

Annual '13 $ Value

Annual '14 $ Value

'12 - '13 % Change

'13 - '14 % Change

Glass and Glassware

213,919,999

221,265,004

250,668,890

3.4

13.3

Vegetable, Fruit, Nut Preps

206,256,932

218,732,232

214,458,056

6.1

-2.0

Edible Vegetables, Roots, Tubers

308,232,627

254,628,347

203,895,105

-17.4

-19.9

Nickel and Nickel Articles

192,741,016

147,121,661

177,807,863

-23.7

20.9

Edible Preps of Meat, Fish, Crustaceans, Etc.

143,295,681

146,632,964

169,570,354

2.3

15.6

Dairy Products, Eggs, Honey, Etc.

164,208,685

208,159,677

162,737,490

26.8

-21.8

Raw Hides, Skins and Leather

65,351,637

98,485,542

153,747,346

50.7

56.1

Food Industry Residues, Animal Feeds

108,501,546

144,924,233

152,873,102

33.6

5.5

Modified Starches, Glues, Enzymes

123,985,645

137,712,942

148,681,273

11.1

8.0

Leather Items, Saddlery, Handbags, Etc.

106,832,380

134,983,909

147,907,133

26.4

9.6

Explosives, Pyrotechnics, Matches, Etc.

89,534,000

95,494,247

131,513,328

6.7

37.7

Cereal, Flour and Milk Preps, Bakers Wares

127,240,951

142,034,080

130,040,559

11.6

-8.4

Works of Art, Collectors Pieces and Antiques

68,870,577

116,337,649

122,720,395

68.9

5.5

Books, Newspapers, Magazines, Etc.

142,623,306

148,206,046

111,460,996

3.9

-24.8

Impregnated Text Fabrics For Industry

57,964,052

80,135,143

98,478,966

38.3

22.9

Base Metals and Articles

138,211,154

105,836,697

96,673,082

-23.4

-8.7

Wood Pulp, Paper and Paperboard Waste

68,095,203

79,580,482

86,315,372

16.9

8.5

Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles

86,999,446

89,784,058

85,760,137

3.2

-4.5

Sugars and Sugar Confectionary

92,990,165

72,172,466

77,385,198

-22.4

7.2

Wadding, Felt, Yarn, Twine, Ropes, Etc.

62,874,505

72,616,222

77,111,305

15.5

6.2

Manmade Fibers, Yarns, Woven Fabrics

23,755,320

53,657,133

71,750,914

125.9

33.7

Miscellaneous Products of Animal Origin

39,614,621

44,138,299

71,058,386

11.4

61.0

Carpets and Other Textile Floor Coverings

37,379,161

46,759,615

57,087,359

25.1

22.1

Zinc and Zinc Articles

48,785,238

67,750,661

54,608,669

38.9

-19.4

Milling Products, Malt, Starch, Etc.

48,070,079

61,806,351

53,972,941

28.6

-12.7

Partnership Research | May 2015

HOUSTON TRADE - COMMODITIES RANKED BY VALUE OF TRADE - 2014 Rank

Commodity Description

Annual '12 $ Value

Annual '13 $ Value

Annual '14 $ Value

'12 - '13 % Change

'13 - '14 % Change

Photographic or Cinematographic Goods

38,749,159

49,880,732

52,461,641

28.7

5.2

Musical Instruments and Parts

63,438,846

58,874,503

44,994,784

-7.2

-23.6

Cocoa and Cocoa Preps

31,212,779

35,471,621

41,852,055

13.6

18.0

Manmade Fliaments and Woven Fabrics

26,904,640

30,597,813

40,088,558

13.7

31.0

Lead and Lead Articles

29,582,240

29,857,536

38,418,061

0.9

28.7

Live Animals

146,898,603

96,597,726

32,346,694

-34.2

-66.5

Knitted or Crocheted Fabrics

24,115,286

21,348,082

30,488,045

-11.5

42.8

Headgear and Parts

25,575,481

25,145,546

24,453,727

-1.7

-2.8

Specialty Fabrics, Lace, Tapestries, Etc.

12,584,067

11,315,820

14,746,356

-10.1

30.3

Cork and Cork Articles

5,691,138

3,283,654

13,228,714

-42.3

302.9

Feathers, Down, Artificial Flowers, Etc.

12,141,402

12,902,371

12,230,027

6.3

-5.2

Umbrellas, Walking-Sticks, Riding-Crops, Etc.

15,439,922

14,325,407

11,221,196

-7.2

-21.7

Clocks, Watches and Parts

15,564,855

16,014,783

11,178,180

2.9

-30.2

Miscellaneous Vegetable Materials and Products

6,049,068

10,745,937

7,652,731

77.7

-28.8

Baskets, Wickerware and Straw Products

6,218,030

6,179,248

6,451,619

-0.6

4.4

Tobacco and Tobacco Substitutes

2,247,788

2,002,105

6,288,463

-10.9

214.1

Wool, Animal Hair, Yarn and Woven Fabric

5,268,239

3,905,831

4,579,445

-25.9

17.3

Miscellaneous Vegetable and Paper Textile Fibers

1,295,637

1,814,038

3,190,251

40.0

75.9

Furskins and Artificial Fur

4,028,747

2,769,350

3,093,497

-31.3

11.7

Live Trees, Plants, Bulbs, Cut Flowers, Etc.

3,238,290

2,929,728

2,852,956

-9.5

-2.6

Tin and Tin Articles

1,368,478

648,162

1,255,314

-52.6

93.7

Silk, Including Yarns and Woven Fabric

291,550

125,386

145,005

-57.0

15.7

Source: WISER LLC

Partnership Research | May 2015 57

HOUSTON GLOBAL TRADE PARTNERS - VALUE OF TRADE - 2014 Rank

Country TOTAL ALL COUNTRIES

Annual '12 $ Value

Annual '13 $ Value

Annual '14 $ Value

'12 - '13 % Change

'13 - '14 % Change

274,263,854,223

251,855,392,889

253,289,539,625

-8.2

0.6

Mexico

30,594,161,233

28,380,704,850

28,781,254,559

-7.2

1.4

China

12,853,859,083

13,601,042,436

16,592,735,477

5.8

22.0

Brazil

14,632,320,956

13,904,863,028

15,660,331,957

-5.0

12.6

Venezuela

21,099,228,616

15,065,685,744

12,925,399,558

-28.6

-14.2

Colombia

11,444,551,964

11,694,585,690

10,970,044,911

2.2

-6.2

Saudi Arabia

15,446,877,683

13,719,960,691

10,929,369,259

-11.2

-20.3

Germany

8,970,198,140

8,875,710,283

9,841,826,733

-1.1

10.9

Netherlands

9,716,537,457

9,655,180,643

9,060,391,981

-0.6

-6.2

Korea, Republic Of

5,934,844,448

6,313,169,008

8,362,124,251

6.4

32.5

Russia

9,524,726,069

8,284,928,222

6,809,032,882

-13.0

-17.8

United Kingdom

6,611,190,992

5,538,283,639

6,368,870,466

-16.2

15.0

Kuwait

4,242,191,759

5,151,477,263

5,852,573,102

21.4

13.6

Canada

2,105,170,112

3,240,047,896

5,765,496,361

53.9

77.9

Japan

4,913,876,873

4,984,792,640

5,199,611,392

1.4

4.3

Belgium

4,308,373,771

4,956,746,733

4,857,012,906

15.1

-2.0

India

7,516,319,491

5,175,841,751

4,748,658,351

-31.1

-8.3

Chile

5,866,657,999

4,989,186,404

4,362,358,535

-15.0

-12.6

Italy

3,614,832,617

3,319,926,389

4,345,472,206

-8.2

30.9

France

5,247,062,401

4,748,558,423

4,298,232,833

-9.5

Ecuador

3,131,502,634

3,413,218,291

4,212,749,179

9.0

23.4

Costa Rica

4,717,862,794

4,386,244,322

4,068,651,005

-7.0

-7.2

Argentina

3,343,623,992

3,504,206,125

3,712,900,404

4.8

6.0

Singapore

4,685,971,944

3,735,596,657

3,391,103,165

-20.3

-9.2

Iraq

7,840,317,394

5,116,394,997

3,293,891,393

-34.7

-35.6

Turkey

2,956,131,696

2,748,141,960

2,824,168,871

-7.0

2.8

Panama

2,365,695,454

2,259,263,101

2,818,686,042

-4.5

24.8

Peru

3,184,666,808

3,492,629,608

2,780,946,120

9.7

-20.4

United Arab Emirates

2,046,063,318

2,633,478,446

2,608,320,159

28.7

-1.0

Spain

2,075,806,525

2,301,562,618

2,560,707,898

10.9

11.3

Nigeria

8,828,296,801

4,515,893,182

2,423,110,310

-48.9

-46.3

Taiwan

1,958,014,634

1,956,462,396

2,167,996,434

-0.1

10.8

Trinidad And Tobago

2,961,778,312

2,016,639,723

1,840,641,972

-31.9

-8.7

Australia

2,016,714,499

1,764,073,029

1,632,748,723

-12.5

-7.4

Angola

2,045,701,302

2,059,221,888

1,570,012,288

0.7

-23.8

Guatemala

2,271,173,254

1,522,173,932

1,435,924,761

-33.0

-5.7

South Africa

1,347,433,830

1,358,217,634

1,426,199,206

0.8

5.0

Dominican Republic

1,217,352,836

1,103,911,190

1,383,758,664

-9.3

25.4

Algeria

2,313,931,377

1,843,504,045

1,361,175,054

-20.3

-26.2

Norway

1,164,339,353

1,178,122,495

1,350,142,364

1.2

14.6

Partnership Research | May 2015

HOUSTON GLOBAL TRADE PARTNERS - VALUE OF TRADE - 2014 Annual '12 $ Value

Annual '13 $ Value

Annual '14 $ Value

'12 - '13 % Change

'13 - '14 % Change

Rank

Country

Honduras

1,514,519,575

1,281,240,153

1,314,812,793

-15.4

2.6

Egypt

1,308,832,712

1,374,423,579

1,305,184,103

5.0

-5.0

Israel

1,401,298,467

952,589,879

968,326,837

-32.0

1.7

Ireland

667,661,597

762,080,864

927,025,283

14.1

21.6

Austria

958,642,762

845,626,518

888,812,054

-11.8

5.1

Bahamas

751,043,372

719,725,681

855,398,937

-4.2

18.9

Sweden

798,612,223

596,871,219

849,716,152

-25.3

42.4

Qatar

701,470,723

817,916,691

829,197,225

16.6

1.4

Malaysia

639,658,822

663,793,464

814,921,911

3.8

22.8

Switzerland

574,760,694

648,502,200

779,725,304

12.8

20.2

Aruba

462,057,011

487,830,946

770,375,701

5.6

57.9

Thailand

802,293,295

663,589,204

741,069,322

-17.3

11.7

Morocco

397,104,254

722,770,685

729,959,279

82.0

1.0

Indonesia

893,970,608

976,718,149

699,319,475

9.3

-28.4

Vietnam

733,990,746

638,890,009

662,796,070

-13.0

3.7

Malta And Gozo

38,834,281

368,328,963

618,970,693

848.5

68.1

Kazakhstan

639,921,106

673,256,422

606,825,977

5.2

-9.9

Romania

497,655,565

395,205,217

590,837,533

-20.6

49.5

Oman

548,761,268

550,261,978

487,746,287

0.3

-11.4

Denmark

454,892,731

359,959,382

441,850,727

-20.9

22.8

El Salvador

337,158,636

316,339,776

434,945,230

-6.2

37.5

Czech Republic

467,005,109

420,453,678

433,930,887

-10.0

3.2

Philippines

362,795,640

411,684,271

426,492,201

13.5

3.6

Gibraltar

462,187,387

814,421,985

417,570,886

76.2

-48.7

Hungary

223,699,150

232,208,763

409,665,333

3.8

76.4

Finland

437,575,566

324,177,088

409,223,854

-25.9

26.2

Jamaica

308,491,718

304,466,421

380,331,428

-1.3

24.9

Slovakia

328,190,413

310,517,513

378,073,146

-5.4

21.8

Ghana

359,254,974

253,592,947

376,353,955

-29.4

48.4

Gabon

155,228,044

143,701,880

337,814,588

-7.4

135.1

Togo

200,088,242

468,002,909

329,843,819

133.9

-29.5

St. Lucia

57,140,027

44,533,024

328,465,032

-22.1

637.6

Pakistan

277,392,029

353,846,346

327,229,711

27.6

-7.5

Ukraine

472,919,533

359,422,825

317,966,889

-24.0

-11.5

Bahrain

333,386,019

286,212,331

308,861,277

-14.2

7.9

Poland

399,177,367

303,885,241

303,613,424

-23.9

-0.1

Lebanon

78,126,508

94,423,975

299,217,905

20.9

216.9

Portugal

324,933,099

214,850,180

295,972,871

-33.9

37.8

Suriname

172,791,068

184,937,150

284,930,072

7.0

54.1

Equatorial Guinea

494,708,973

236,574,891

264,783,630

-52.2

11.9

Partnership Research | May 2015 59

HOUSTON GLOBAL TRADE PARTNERS - VALUE OF TRADE - 2014

Annual '12 $ Value

Annual '13 $ Value

Annual '14 $ Value

'12 - '13 % Change

'13 - '14 % Change

Rank

Country

New Zealand

196,689,922

248,275,376

248,101,110

26.2

-0.1

Uruguay

168,163,254

197,908,264

246,130,070

17.7

24.4

Azerbaijan

232,806,519

164,528,875

237,901,899

-29.3

44.6

Tunisia

133,128,281

398,365,499

221,094,892

199.2

-44.5

Kenya

169,870,341

215,235,598

220,185,977

26.7

2.3

Cameroon

268,579,183

244,844,248

211,024,362

-8.8

-13.8

Nicaragua

217,588,743

229,530,332

207,225,216

5.5

-9.7

Hong Kong

165,944,120

143,509,463

196,330,860

-13.5

36.8

Namibia

81,721,711

112,832,195

193,290,883

38.1

71.3

Congo, Republic Of The Congo

145,100,020

202,646,010

189,951,944

39.7

-6.3

Jordan

196,226,138

228,800,973

163,422,373

16.6

-28.6

Georgia

125,766,049

119,506,413

157,545,913

-5.0

31.8

Tanzania

67,566,125

119,641,787

155,863,375

77.1

30.3

Greece

181,433,673

109,858,224

138,481,704

-39.5

26.1

Luxembourg

145,092,006

124,615,841

129,624,286

-14.1

4.0

Libya

295,859,213

520,961,798

123,620,890

76.1

-76.3

Bolivia

115,865,839

237,792,357

122,099,772

105.2

-48.7

Mozambique

123,176,543

116,857,419

114,969,556

-5.1

-1.6

Ivory Coast

107,519,542

87,072,135

112,859,559

-19.0

29.6

Benin

41,513,438

71,228,332

109,389,117

71.6

53.6

100

Bangladesh

83,884,722

113,615,346

107,744,008

35.4

-5.2

101

Bulgaria

20,481,115

45,038,050

104,791,686

119.9

132.7

102

Haiti

74,387,575

115,621,544

94,851,442

55.4

-18.0

103

Cayman Islands

55,200,270

106,304,639

92,981,919

92.6

-12.5

104

Iceland

84,518,487

93,984,326

91,961,601

11.2

-2.2

105

Guinea

120,321,268

102,020,640

89,874,982

-15.2

-11.9

106

Ethiopia

117,418,850

83,360,506

87,142,342

-29.0

4.5

107

Belarus

47,880,067

60,185,712

80,669,920

25.7

34.0

108

Congo, Democratic Republic Of The Congo

73,851,707

44,962,466

68,067,646

-39.1

51.4

109

Guyana

55,282,805

51,379,054

65,203,799

-7.1

26.9

110

Paraguay

64,642,685

104,023,919

62,073,504

60.9

-40.3

111

Slovenia

47,635,101

53,849,931

60,482,793

13.1

12.3

112

Cambodia

19,373,297

24,744,756

56,899,251

27.7

129.9

113

Sri Lanka

46,300,245

41,619,388

50,913,236

-10.1

22.3

114

Turkmenistan

89,153,511

34,102,609

48,913,712

-61.8

43.4

115

Lithuania

51,978,372

54,930,102

48,222,120

5.7

-12.2

116

Curacao

267,790,479

136,466,397

48,010,212

-49.0

-64.8

117

Republic Of Yemen

98,107,365

74,750,315

47,135,850

-23.8

-36.9

118

Martinique

64,973,803

61,839,003

45,083,346

-4.8

-27.1

119

Djibouti

66,169,788

81,922,114

44,900,073

23.8

-45.2

Partnership Research | May 2015

HOUSTON GLOBAL TRADE PARTNERS - VALUE OF TRADE - 2014 Rank

Country

120

Papua New Guinea

121

Annual '12 $ Value

Annual '13 $ Value

Annual '14 $ Value

'12 - '13 % Change

'13 - '14 % Change

145,117,526

28,266,320

43,342,501

-80.5

53.3

Estonia

73,107,510

58,952,279

43,130,333

-19.4

-26.8

122

Chad

44,026,345

27,017,208

43,033,659

-38.6

59.3

123

Mauritania

73,199,659

111,768,009

42,943,701

52.7

-61.6

124

Barbados

17,720,985

11,275,938

39,462,168

-36.4

250.0

125

Latvia

40,664,805

79,899,020

37,893,180

96.5

-52.6

126

Liberia

48,342,345

29,257,905

36,953,110

-39.5

26.3

127

Sudan (Starting 2011)

39,272,803

44,061,069

32,049,287

12.2

-27.3

128

Cyprus

28,557,796

26,504,533

31,443,787

-7.2

18.6

129

Senegal

22,348,856

43,198,800

28,927,676

93.3

-33.0

130

Uzbekistan

24,999,375

37,551,355

26,853,771

50.2

-28.5

131

Belize

61,360,574

18,881,492

24,927,386

-69.2

32.0

132

Serbia

16,847,056

32,165,235

24,292,634

90.9

-24.5

133

Brunei

25,986,331

24,262,507

22,381,448

-6.6

-7.8

134

Croatia

23,627,986

28,130,186

22,091,952

19.1

-21.5

135

Liechtenstein

16,577,274

20,433,986

19,168,672

23.3

-6.2

136

Antigua

21,997,474

1,590,420

18,427,410

-92.8

1058.7

137

Bermuda

10,955,090

38,939,493

18,189,128

255.5

-53.3

138

Macedonia

13,414,341

1,245,505

15,287,392

-90.7

1127.4

139

Albania

7,005,845

27,797,448

14,751,608

296.8

-46.9

140

Uganda

21,597,408

22,499,321

14,084,152

4.2

-37.4

141

Kyrgyzstan

46,541,780

22,437,384

13,709,119

-51.8

-38.9

142

Mauritius

9,959,610

8,916,574

11,766,099

-10.5

32.0

143

Sierra Leone

23,764,960

13,393,983

11,395,967

-43.6

-14.9

144

French Guiana

82,604,087

196,061,617

11,083,248

137.4

-94.4

145

Mongolia

17,442,069

23,529,204

10,880,798

34.9

-53.8

146

Zambia

16,133,713

12,220,183

10,864,188

-24.3

-11.1

147

Niger

8,218,882

9,415,505

10,517,548

14.6

11.7

148

Iran

22,094,149

24,485,397

10,265,516

10.8

-58.1

149

Madagascar

19,743,204

16,138,500

8,696,601

-18.3

-46.1

150

South Sudan

6,088,543

3,790,063

8,653,610

-37.8

128.3

151

Afghanistan

72,155,187

44,124,449

8,652,191

-38.9

-80.4

152

Fiji

691,583

508,357

8,219,967

-26.5

1517.0

153

Armenia

14,427,217

17,054,464

8,104,976

18.2

-52.5

154

Somalia

6,956,840

7,995,718

7,811,564

14.9

-2.3

155

Monaco

1,124,139

1,353,343

7,127,697

20.4

426.7

156

British Indian Ocean Terr.

12,897,834

12,849,384

6,703,470

-0.4

-47.8

157

Dominica

9,577,600

6,540,445

6,090,376

-31.7

-6.9

158

Burma (Myanmar)

4,280,690

52,396,114

5,786,729

1124.0

-89.0

159

Mali

8,695,643

13,184,292

5,621,062

51.6

-57.4

Partnership Research | May 2015

HOUSTON GLOBAL TRADE PARTNERS - VALUE OF TRADE - 2014

Rank

Country

160

British Virgin Islands

161

Annual '12 $ Value

Annual '13 $ Value

Annual '14 $ Value

'12 - '13 % Change

'13 - '14 % Change

4,044,204

1,631,919

5,018,571

-59.7

207.5

Reunion

788,858

499,452

4,839,300

-36.7

868.9

162

Burkina

11,563,856

12,534,556

4,743,886

8.4

-62.2

163

Bosnia-Hercegovina

773,836

2,195,019

4,648,545

183.7

111.8

164

Faroe Island

3,898,160

3,166,413

4,376,315

-18.8

38.2

165

Rwanda

6,003,434

4,138,093

4,148,256

-31.1

0.3

166

Guadeloupe

50,711,225

18,547,282

4,113,579

-63.4

-77.8

167

Central African Republic

4,121,925

258,850

4,012,520

-93.7

1450.1

168

Zimbabwe

3,322,754

1,578,580

3,377,105

-52.5

113.9

169

Moldova

5,012,746

5,427,337

3,236,398

8.3

-40.4

170

Sint Maarten

3,586,832

38,165,144

3,183,324

964.0

-91.7

171

Swaziland

6,150,520

7,644,646

3,127,535

24.3

-59.1

172

Grenada

3,627,106

339,577

3,003,738

-90.6

784.6

173

Eritrea

711,830

478,548

2,749,669

-32.8

474.6

174

The Gambia

175

Malawi

176

1,025,036

2,914,244

2,383,358

184.3

-18.2

13,754,805

10,155,301

2,179,277

-26.2

-78.5

St. Vincent

3,058,337

2,635,899

2,099,828

-13.8

-20.3

177

Nepal

2,109,195

991,856

1,823,486

-53.0

83.9

178

Macao

1,593,445

3,635,953

1,444,124

128.2

-60.3

179

French Polynesia

457,819

290,016

1,190,561

-36.7

310.5

180

New Caledonia

1,858,538

4,248,188

1,173,842

128.6

-72.4

181

Tajikistan

3,981,689

437,742

1,140,823

-89.0

160.6

182

Christmas Island

1,140,596

NaN

Infinity

183

Montserrat

180,000

915,242

Infinity

408.5

184

Laos

395,773

552,472

891,408

39.6

61.4

185

Marshall Islands

60,473,429

23,823,997

884,041

-60.6

-96.3

186

Burundi

2,991,342

2,607,603

829,464

-12.8

-68.2

187

Seychelles

1,070,934

1,193,986

766,058

11.5

-35.8

188

Botswana

1,494,963

14,396,443

652,070

863.0

-95.5

189

Lesotho

4,092,817

4,584,569

630,677

12.0

-86.2

190

Vatican City

142,571

40,608

621,302

-71.5

1430.0

191

St.Christopher-Nevis

1,447,374

629,785

535,668

-56.5

-14.9

192

Cape Verde

366,509

2,475,067

534,247

575.3

-78.4

193

Anguilla

332,334

149,390

527,080

-55.1

252.8

194

Nauru

397,051

NaN

Infinity

195

Bhutan

388,154

NaN

Infinity

196

Montenegro

265,537

45,250

297,630

-83.0

557.8

197

Kosovo

198

West Bank Admin By Israel

199

Maldive Islands

Partnership Research | May 2015

1,117,807

247,949

290,118

-77.8

17.0

112,100

106,970

284,796

-4.6

166.2

2,577,782

228,403

266,626

-91.1

16.7

HOUSTON GLOBAL TRADE PARTNERS - VALUE OF TRADE - 2014 Rank

Country

200

Guinea-Bissau

201

Syria

202

Annual '12 $ Value

Annual '13 $ Value

Annual '14 $ Value

'12 - '13 % Change

'13 - '14 % Change

3,354,725

5,303,203

224,136

58.1

-95.8

221,028

100,344

197,233

-54.6

96.6

Turks And Caicos Islands

69,006

114,095

134,381

65.3

17.8

203

Fr.Sthern.,Antarctic Lands

198,450

121,685

-100.0

Infinity

204

Western Samoa

95,104

NaN

Infinity

205

Sao Tome And Principe

163,394

76,184

-100.0

Infinity

206

Cuba

119,730

105,495

71,486

-11.9

-32.2

207

Western Sahara

69,666

NaN

Infinity

208

San Marino

83,885

213,400

53,702

154.4

-74.8

209

Tonga

710,308

72,930

47,769

-89.7

-34.5

210

Svalbard, Jan Mayen Island

34,425

NaN

Infinity

211

Comoros

74,520

33,000

Infinity

-55.7

212

Greenland

380,768

28,932

-100.0

Infinity

213

Cocos Islands

4,983

585,979

21,906

11659.6

-96.3

214

Falkland Islands

2,279,599

52,618

17,824

-97.7

-66.1

215

Niue

4,760

8,288

Infinity

74.1

216

Tokelau Islands

3,903,737

8,535

8,040

-99.8

-5.8

217

Andorra

3,236

490,402

7,500

15054.6

-98.5

218

Fedrated States Of Micronesia

230,934

2,625

6,480

-98.9

146.9

219

East Timor

37,082

3,202

Infinity

-91.4

220

Vanuatu

146,331

8,282,773

5560.3

-100.0

221

St. Pierre And Miquelon

229,852

Infinity

-100.0

222

St. Helena

223

Solomon Islands

95,256

80,615

-15.4

-100.0

68,225

Infinity

-100.0

224

Norfolk Island

67,583

60,393

-10.6

-100.0

225

Tuvalu Islands

16,551

Infinity

-100.0

226

Palau

71,740

4,655

-93.5

-100.0

227

Kiribati

27,413

-100.0

NaN

228

Cook Islands

5,674

-100.0

NaN

229

Netherlands Antilles

NaN

230

Heard And Mcdonald Islands

NaN

231

Mayotte

NaN

232

Pitcairn Island

NaN

233

North Korea

NaN

234

Serbia And Montenegro

NaN

235

Sudan

NaN

236

Gaza Strip Admin By Israel

NaN

237

Serbia (Incl Kosovo)

NaN

Source: WISER from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data

Partnership Research | May 2015 63

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Partnership Research | May 2015

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Publication underwritten by:

Patrick Jankowski, CCR Senior Vice President, Research Follow me on Twitter: @pnjankowski

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