The Howler
Volume 18, No. 5 Issue No. 200
May 2013 Founded 1996
TAMARINDO COSTA RICA www.howlermag.com THE HOWLER Ced. Juridica: 3-101-331333
FEATURES
Publisher, editor and production David Mills
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dmills@racsa.co.cr Tel: 2-653-0545 Howler • Mono Congo
14 Around Town
Openings, closings, parties, music. The Gold Coast has it all, and bar-hoppin’ David is in the groove.
CONTRIBUTORS
ELLEN ZOE GOLDEN TONY OREZ TOM PEIFER JEFFREY WHITLOW MONICA RIASCOS
JEANNE CALLAHAN JESSE BISHOP MARY BYERLY ROBERT AUGUST
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The Howler offers a wide range of advertising sizes and formats to suit all needs. Contact David Mills • dmills@racsa.co.cr
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A busy month for surfing, with the Reef Classic and ISA World Masters Tournament; Luis Vindas is profiled; Robert August Surf ‘n’ Turf.
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Howler - The First 200 Issues
A pictorial spread of every Howler cover since May 1996.
Surviving Costa Rica
Jesse and the band travel through jungles, mountains and volcanoes to play rock music at a dog show.
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A Season of Change
The rains are almost upon us, and Tom segues into Globalization and nuclear meltdowns as examples of world problems.
DEPARTMENTS
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Discounts For 6 months, paid in advance, one month is deducted. For 12 months, paid in advance, two months are deducted.
www.tamarindobeach.net
Eighteen years and 200 issues of The Howler are the result of dogged determination and pigheaded stubbornness.
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Advertising rates & sizes
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15 Surf Report
16 We Call Him David Howler
Deadline for June: May 15
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Dining Out
Le Beach Club in Tamarindo serves barbecued meats and fish, with live music three nights a week.
10 Music Review
28 May Forecasts
11 Theatre Review
29 Parents’ Corner
12 August Odysseys
30 Yoga
17 Slice of Life
32 Doctor’s Orders
22 Poetry by Diana Renee
36 Sun & Moon
24 Word Puzzle
39 Tide Chart
Cover Caption: Jennifer Dalton, of Tierras Nativas Equestrian Center, rides Zulu in competition (see ad page 11). Cover Photo: Equipics. Cover Design: David Mills
Heaven preserve us from outdated laws that can ruin the business of thousands of merchants. The decision to observe, or not, Ley Seca (law against serving alcohol) was delegated by San José to the municipalities. Here, in the biggest tourist destination in the country, we were forced to remain dry. The municipal committee had already revoked the Ley Seca but the alcalde was not present. The next day he imposed his veto and deprived bar and restaurant owners and liquor outlets of a great deal of lucrative business on the busiest weekend of the year. The following day we made phone calls to three police offices, asking if it was legal to serve alcohol. We received three different answers – yes, no and maybe. That night, night nobody was serving alcohol, except the restaurants at Hotel Diria. What nonsense, que locura! It is time to drop the Ley Seca. It is no longer a symbol of religious respect; it is a tool for politicians.
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Looks like Jesse Bishop’s prophesy in the April Howler came true. During the whole week of Semana Santa, the main road in Tamarindo was single lane due to construction, causing huge traffic jams throughout the town. Whose brilliant idea was this? However, the work is continuing and promises to give us a smooth, dust-free street as befits this rapidly developing town. Now, about the road to Langosta?
The first thing you notice on arriving at le Beach Club is the blazing barbecue, but the menu is not all about fire. There is a choice of items, certainly catering to vegetarians as well as meat-eaters. The chef at le Beach, Federico (Fredo) Guarniere is a well-known figure in the area, having worked at several restaurants, in addition to France, Morocco,and the United States. The kitchen is open from 11 a.m., serving a beach menu until 4 p.m. This includes fries, chicken fingers, ceviche, fried calamari, club burger, fish burger an shrimp cocktail, ideal to go with a cold libation as you lounge on the huge bean bags on the beach. For appetizers we shared a green salad and a delicious carpaccio of octopus. A pasta menu offers linguini Alfredo with chicken; and linguini le Beach Club with mussels, shrimp, calamari and lobster. Main dishes are roast chicken; rice with shrimps; moules marinières; beef tenderloin. My companion enjoyed the catch of the day, filet of snapper. The barbecue offers shrimps brochette; whole snapper; whole lobster; surf and turf. I chose pork ribs, two big juicy ribs dripping with tasty sauce, served with green salad and fries. The very comprehensive dessert is heavy on fresh fruits with ice cream, but we shared a chocolate mousse. Le Beach Club provides musical entertainment Tuesday, Thursday and Friday. The current craze is Radha Kunja (reviewed on page 10), who sings with Jesse Bishop on Thursday and solo Friday, while Jesse’s group plays Tuesdays. Le Beach Club on Tamarindo Beach, 2653-0178. Open every day
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Robert’s Surf n Turf Report
know that you all are anxious to hear the results of Surf n Turf ’13, but since this event is all about raising money for a great cause, the kids that we raise money for are the real winners. I sincerely want to thank all that attended, volunteered their time, donated money and our businesses sponsors for your continued support. Surf n Turf kicked off with our welcome party at Witch’s Rock Surf Camp and live radio coverage from Radio 2. All of our participants received a bitchin’ gift bag with goodies donated by our kind product sponsors. I personally think the best two items were the Robert August hot sauce and coffee!!
Saturday we teed off at beautiful Hacienda Pinilla. We had some great fun on the holes; thanks to Grace from Fisio Spot, Flamingo Beach Resort and Spa, Roxy, Rip Jack Inn, Frijoles Locos, Las Ventanas, and Lola’s. There were some great shots and stories for the longest drive and closest to the pin… Mr. Wingnut himself won a bitchin’ rescue club for getting closest to the pin on the 15th hole. I was impressed!! I even hit a beautiful shot right onto the green on the third hole! After a great round of golf we concluded the day with an amazing beachwear fashion show by Azul Profundo boutique at Le Beach Club, with music by DJ Matos. I had a great time walking down the catwalk with my daughter Christine. Best of all, the kiddies had a great time strutting their stuff in such cute outfits! Sunday was an early wake-up call for the surf contest at Avellanas. Lola’s provided great breakfast fuel with gallo pinto and much needed coffee. Although the tide was going out, there were some fun waves and nice rides caught by everyone. A special thanks to Tom Battaglia for judging! This year we also had Roxy running a girl’s surf tag-team contest…thank you for sharing the stoke! We then finished the day back at Witch’s Rock Surf Camp for the awards ceremony… Now you can start the drum roll…the winners of Surf n Turf ’13 are: The kids…We raised over $25,000!!! As for the “official” results: 1st Golf: Dan, Tyra, Greg, Jason 2nd Golf: Robbie, Sam, Billy, Clay 3rd Golf: Alvaro, Steve, Robert, Sergio 1st Surf: Robbie, Sam, Billy, Clay 2nd Surf: Kristen, Wingnut, Silvea, Mac 3rd Surf: Curtis, Juan Diego, Cory and me Can you believe that my team got third place?!?! And to conclude the festivities, on Monday we sailed away on the Hibiscus for an afternoon sail filled with great food, swimming, snorkeling and a beautiful sunset. I personally want to thank Van, Kristen, Sam, Lisa, Laeticia and Sarah for all the planning and organizing, Chris and Javi for the photography and Janet for running the silent auction. And a big thanks to our sponsors for donating product and money and all of the volunteers who made Surf n Turf this year another success. The sponsors are listed in Ellen’s surf column elsewhere in this magazine. Many thanks to you all.
Music Review Radha Torches Tamarindo
Tony Orez
Originally from Panama, Radha Kunja began her musical career at the age of twelve and has performed in Cuba, Nicaragua, Argentina, Peru, México and the U.S. She has been singing in Tamarindo since last February, steadily building a following here. She has been Photo: Bernard Agosto wowing them at le Beach Club with her “Retro Latin Cabaret Music”, as she calls it. Radha confesses to having a nostalgic side, that she has visceral, spiritual experience while singing these songs; this is apparent to the astute observer. Radha embraces her role as diva and definitely lets her singing take her away. The audience is permitted to go along with her. Her rendition of “Summertime”, for example, is haunting, strong and ethereal at the same time. Guitarist Jesse Bishop told me that his sets with Radha “range from ‘I’ve Got You Under My Skin’ to ‘Roxanne’”. When I saw them perform, they also covered “Fly Me to the Moon”, the Patsy Cline song “I Fall to Pieces”, a gripping rendition of “Quizás, Quizás” that received a wonderful response, the classic “Makin’ Whoopee” and a heartfelt rendition of “Me Voy Pal Pueblo”, a song that had an early influence on Ms. Kunja. Between sets, I strolled onto the beach with Jesse and Radha to hear them practice an upcoming song, truly an intimate experience. Christian and Heidi, the owners and producers of le Beach Club, should be commended for offering these early performances (7 to 9 p.m. on Tues. & Thursday; 8 to 10 p.m. on Friday), with no cover charge, as a form of diverse cultural entertainment in Tamarindo. They, too have a passion for art and the community. On Tuesdays, Jesse performs with bassist David Herzovich and Brad Schmidt on sax; Jesse, David and Radha play on Thursdays, and Radha performs solo on Fridays, a completely different format than the prior night, with Ms. Kunja singing to music recorded by musicians in Cuba, Peru and Argentina with arrangements specifically for Radha. These songs are all Latin: valses criollo from Peru, boleros from Buenos Aires and tangos from Cuba. During an intermission, she explained a bit about the songs: “Que Té Pedí”, a Cuban ballad, “Piensa en Mí”, from México. She feels these songs and their musical styles are being lost in time. She wants to keep them alive, so is performing and now recording them with the help of Nano Fernandez in his studio in Santa Ana. The disc will include “Me Quiero Morir”, a bolero by Costa Rican Ray Tico. All the compositions sung by Radha have strong lyrics. They are nostalgic songs, more passionate than romantic. Radha steps onto the stage prepared: black gloves that extend above her elbows, black dress with spaghetti straps, black high heels and nylons. When she begins, it is startling to hear a voice so strong emanate from such a petite body. She has control of her voice, the mike, her stage presence. The music takes her away. Her entire body becomes the song, something that needs to be witnessed to be appreciated. A passion for music is not something one can pretend. Radha has the passion and the talent as well. Radha performs at Coconut Beach Club in Playa Potrero, at Soda Mediterranea in Playa del Coco and at the Exclusive Resorts next to the Four Seasons in the Papagayo Peninsula.
Theatre Review The Odd Couple
Tony Orez
Beach Nuts Theater Production has become a recognized part of the Tamarindo community. They have teamed up with Amigos de Education, presented eight productions based on children’s fairy tales and expanded to include Peanuts Theater as a storytelling troupe and now an adult acting company called Mixed Nuts. Last month, they presented six nights of dinner theater at Fisch Restaurant, presenting the Neil Simon classic “The Odd Couple”. The operative word was “fun”. Good, clean adult fun is a commodity in Tamarindo. I went to the show the following weekend and I, too, had a lot of fun. I laughed out loud. I fell into the story. Felix Unger was portrayed by Rick Casorla, a consummate veteran actor, able to convey his role with body language or a tone in his voice. Rick played the prim Felix, overly meticulous to an annoying degree, recently dumped by his wife and taken in by his close friend Oscar Madison, played by Paul Belanger, who is the polar opposite of Felix, i.e., a slob, not to mince words. Paul, long-time Tamarindo resident and founder of Beach Nuts, told me he didn’t even have to look for a wardrobe. The two veterans clicked in this production, but the show really came together with the contributions of the supporting cast. The poker players, for example, four of Felix’ closest friends, worried about him, fretted and cared in their own unique ways. Murray the cop, played by Barry Lawson, was perfect in the role, as was Scott Barry, who played Speed, the quintessential fifth generation New Yawker. And David Rubin completed the poker pack as Vinnie, who always needs to get home at midnight. The humor these three invoked was invaluable. And the Pigeon sisters, Cecily and Gwendolyn, played by Deanne Condly and Lori Shreehan respectively, were priceless. It is surprising to think that these seven actors, a relatively small group, kept an audience captivated and laughing throughout a play that lasted nearly two hours. But it is a testament to the camaraderie that was evident among them, something that gave the audience a sense that they were privy to an intimate offering. Certainly, a portion of the success was due to Joy Weber, who has more than four decades of success in New York and Los Angeles, has been honored with numerous Clio awards and now calls Tamarindo home. Welcome, and thanks! I also think Cinthia Carvajal and Lori Shreehan did a very effective job at stage management, a sometimes thankless job that they performed flawlessly. As always, Pete at DJP Design and Petra Schoep did yeoman work at promoting the event. And Christianna Harrison deserves recognition for helping mold the conversations. Rosy and Denis from Fisch Restaurant showed a lot of faith in the production by dedicating six weekend nights during high season to promote the new concept of presenting dinner theater in Tamarindo. Their preparation was incredible, including “gameplan” timecharts at each table to let diners know how and when the string of events would occur, from seating, through each course of the meals until the final curtain. And the fish I ate was incredible. Every one of the people mentioned dedicated themselves to bringing a new diversion, with taste and class, to our community and should be commended for that. Next up is their new rendition of Wizard of Oz, scheduled for May 2, 3 and 4. See you there!
August Odysseys
Robert August
Lights, Camera, Action!
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n the early to mid ‘50s, during the Korean conflict, the military draft was initiated. It was the first time after WWII that there was a draft. Everybody who was physically able got drafted into the Army, Navy, Marines, and Air Force. Being that Hawaii was the stop-off for Korea and there already were military bases in place from WWII, a lot of young American guys were stationed there. A bunch of these guys were lifeguards and surfers from Southern California. These watermen were used to surfing big waves during the winter in California. These guys were adventurous in comparison to the Hawaiian “beach boys” who really only surfed in Waikiki, and they explored and surfed a lot of different new spots. One of these surfers was Jon Severson, who started Surfer magazine years later. He was in the Army and stationed in Oahu with a bunch of other surfers. At the time, they were the better surfers and they soon started surfing the North Shore regularly. My brother-in-law, Harry Schurch, was drafted in the Navy and was stationed in Honolulu. Harry was a lifeguard in Seal Beach and was lucky enough that the Navy placed him as a lifeguard in the officer’s pool. During my summer and winter breaks, I got to go over and visit him. During the winter the waves are giant on the North Shore and I got to witness these guys surfing these new spots. Since I wasn’t riding the big waves and I had my family’s 16mm video camera, I volunteered to film the guys. The camera was simple to work; you manually wound-up the camera and looked through the viewfinder. One day I was on the beach filming the guys at Sunset Beach ride 15-foot waves. The surfboards at time were pretty crude and difficult to ride. Many of the surfers were taking big chances that they normally would not take in hopes of seeing themselves on film. I did my best to film the good part of the day and afterwards I took the 10-15 rolls of film to a camera place in Honolulu to get developed. When it came back a week later, all the rolls of film were unexposed and black. Since with this camera you looked through a viewfinder and not the lens, I did not realize that I had forgotten to take off the lens cap. I did not capture any of the guys surfing! Well, the guys were all looking forward to seeing themselves and when they found out that I did not take off the lens cap, they were not just a little bit upset...I was afraid that they were gonna beat the hell out of me! However, to be a kid of that age to witness a serious part of surf history was fantastic!
Men marry because they are tired, women because they are curious; both are disappointed Oscar Wilde
The Road to Brazil The qualifying game between Costa Rica and the United States on March 22 left a bitter aftertaste. Played in a driving blizzard with several centimetres of snow on the ground, the game was unenjoyable to viewers, spectators and the players. For La Sele, it was probably the first time most of them had ever seen snow, let alone played in it. On two occasions requests were made to cancel the game, but they were denied. The United States won, 1-0, a Tico goal being disallowed on an offside call, though T.V. replays did not confirm the offside. The Costarrican Federation of Futbol (Fedefut) protested on grounds that the physical ability of the players was adversely affected; that the passing of the ball was impossible due to the quantity of snow on the field; that the demarcation lines were invisible; and that unauthorized persons were allowed on the field (workers clearing the lines) against FIFA rules. Fedefut called for punitive action against the officials who allowed the game to continue. The loss may have made the difference to Costa Rica’s going to Brazil or not, a sad way to lose. In other games that day, Honduras tied with Mexico and Panama with Jamaica. Four days later La Sele played some terrific football to beat Jamaica 2-0, with some spectacular saves by Keilor Navas, named by FIFA as the best player of that date. In the other games Panama beat Honduras and United States tied Mexico in a scoreless game. Standings at this point are: Panama - 5 points Costa Rica - 4 United States - 4 Honduras - 4 Mexico - 3 Jamaica - 2. The next qualifying games take place in June.
Alcoholics Anonymous Schedule of Meetings
Flamingo
Tuesdays: 5:30 - 6:30 pm (open) Fridays: 5:30 - 6:30 pm (open)
Location: Hitching Post Plaza Unit 2, Brasilito Contact: Don H. at 2-654-4902
Tamarindo
Saturday: 10:30-11:30 - Open General Meeting Monday: 5:30 - Open Meeting Thursday: 5:30-6:30 - Open Meeting Location: Behind Pedro’s Surf Shop Contact: Ellen - 2-653-0897 / Steve - 8377-1529
AROUND TOWN For all your computer needs visit PC Solutions in Huacas. They have a wide selection of hardware, software and accessories. Call 2653-9090, in Centro Comercial La Americas (see ad page 27). Starting May 14 Bingo at Doña Lee’s will change its date. It will be held only the second Tuesday of each month as it is difficult to get enough prizes to support two nights a month. Also, the price will increase to ¢2,000 per card (or 3 for ¢5,000). Contact Lee at 2653-0127. Coconut Restaurant will reopen May 28 for fine dining in Tamarindo. Call 2653-0086 for details. See ad on page 6. Coconut Beach Club will reopen May 28. Call 2653-0086 or 2654-4300 for details. See ad on page 6. Equestrian activities at Tierra Pacificas in Portegolpe. See ad on page 11 or call 8816-2970. Dra. Adriana Munera offers dental treatment in Tamarindo and Liberia, and now at CIMA Hospital in Guardia. Call 2653-3877 for details. The Club at Mar Vista is open on the hill above Flamingo, serving lunch and dinner; Open 3 - 9 p.m. in the week, closed Wednesday. Weekends 11 a.m. to 9:30 p.m: Tel 8911-1000 for details. Hidden Garden Art Gallery presents “Tiempo”, an exhibition by award-winning artist Juan Carlos Camacho, specializing in watercolors. The exhibition runs from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Saturday, May 4. On the main Liberia highway 5 km west of the international airport. Tel: 2667-0592 or 8386-6872. Alkymia, opposite Super Kalima in Villarreal, offers gifts, party favours and office supplies. Tel: 2653-1080. A new singer, Radha Kunja, is receiving rave reviews around the area. See Music Review on page 10. Delta Airlines announces its new daily flight direct to San José from Los Angeles starting July 1. Lots of new activities at Black Stallion Ranch. Check article on page 18.
Surf Report Ellen Zoe Golden (ellenzoe@aol.com)
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here’s SO much surfing news this month, which is a great sign for Costa Rica. First to report is the return of the Reef Classic Adrenaline Rush 2013, presented in “Costa Rica Without Artificial Ingredients” which will take place April 17 to 20 in Santa Teresa. Although the Reef Classic, a circuito of the Asociación Latinamericana de Surfistas Profesionales (ALAS) has taken place in Costa Rica eight times since 2004, this visit will have a record purse of $25,000 to be split between the winners. Whoever grabs the trophy in the top Open category will be awarded $5,000, which is more prize money than any athlete has the opportunity to garner in any Latin American event in Costa Rica up until this time. In addition, this is the third time the waves of Santa Teresa will host the event, due to the reality that the area has some amazing peaks, especially in April. The Reef Classic Costa Rica has participants from all over Latin America, including 2006 Latin American Champion, Martin Passeri of Argentina. After strong dates in Argentina and Ecuador, Passeri is the top-ranked leader of the ALAS. Earning second place in Mar del Plata, Argentina and third place in Montañita, Ecuador, Passeri comes to Costa Rica to continue his goal of taking it all. The second-ranked surfer in the ALAS is Argentine Marcelo Rodriguez. Explains Passeri: “Costa Rica is one of my favorite sites for a long time. I’ve used it for much of my career to train, and between the weather and the waves, it is the best place. I also feel great because I have many friends there. The event is always a great challenge as it is one of the toughest (ALAS) Tour dates. Next to Peru, it is the place that brings out the highest level of local surfers. I have not had a chance to win in Costa Rica, so it’s a dream I have of achieving.”
The International Surfing Association (ISA) World Masters Surfing Championship was completed April 6 to 14 in Montañita, Ecuador. This was the fourth time that the Federación de Surf de Costa Rica (FSC) sent a Costa Rica National Masters team to compete in the international contest of surfers over 35 years of age.The team was: Masters (35 – 39 years): Paulo Viales; Kennet Ávila Grand Masters (40 – 41): Randall Chaves; Kenneth Ávila Kahuna (45 – 49): Alejandro Monge; Craig “Tequila” Schieber Grand Kahuna (50 and older): Craig “Tequila” Schieber Women’s: Verónica Quirós Tequila (photo) won his third world medal, this one a silver, once again in the Grand Kahuna category. In Ecuador, he came in second in the Finals of that division behind the champion Chris Knutsen of South Africa, and in front of Allen Sarlo of the United States and Eric Graciet of France. This means he is currently the second-best surfer in the world in the Grand Kahunas. Previously in the Grand Kahunas, Tequila had earned a gold medal in 2011, and a copper medal in 2012. In addition, the day before these Finals, Tequila surfed in Round 5 repercharge of the Kahuna category, after dropping out of the main event. His third place finish earned him a ranking of ninth place in the world in the Kahuna division.
Passeri and Rodriguez, and many others, will face off with Carlos Muñoz, who won the Costa Rica date of the Reef Classic in Santa Teresa last year.
Veronica Quiros also racked up points for Costa Rica as she finished last in the Round 2 repercharge. Her final ranking is #11 in the world for Masters.
“The Reef Classic Costa Rica is the only ALAS event that I knew I could win; the level is very high and this year I am totally going to defend my title,” Muñoz asserts. “Hopefully, I’ll do it again at home.”
And the final placing for Costa Rica is #9 out of 20. Team Hawaii won the gold, with USA silver, South Africa bronze and Brazil the copper.
Also expected from our country are Diego Naranjo, Jair Pérez, Alberto Muñoz and Noe Mar McGonagle, and the highest ALAS ranked surfer Jason Torres (#11). “We are really excited to bring back this highly anticipated event in Costa Rica,” said Gonzalo Portillo, from Reef Costa Rica. “The Reef Classic is the single most crowd favorite for its surf and surfers, who again bring the big party to Santa Teresa.” In addition to the open category, there will be Juniors, Women’s and Longboard divisions at this event. For up-to-the-minute results, go to http://www.alaslatintour.com/.
Luis Vindas is one-step closer to securing his third national championship title. In Dominical this past March at the Copa Quiksilver stop of the Circuito Nacional Olympus 2013 presented by Adrenalina Rush, the surfer from Jacó beat out Jair Pérez, a friend from Jacó who has also been vying for this year’s top spot, as well as hot shot Noe Mar McGonagle from Pavones and first-time visitor to the Open Finals, Alberto Muñoz of Esterillos. Vindas achieved his second win of the year in the Dominical waves from 6 to 8 feet. However, the surfer is no stranger to these southern Costa Rican waves. In the four times the Circuito has visited Dominical, Vindas won three, in 2007, 2008 and 2013.
(continued page 26)
We Call Him David Howler
Kay T. Dodge
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wo Hundred Howlers and hundreds of thousands of words later – we call him David Howler. Well before the invasion of computers, emails and the internet, the Howler was born in the creative, British mind of our friend David Mills. Although saying “way back then” is a bit frightening, it was way back then, when a black and white, folded and stapled monthly English language magazine was born. Now we look back at 200 issues that have had a Darwinistic evolution from black-and-white folded copy paper, into a slick 40-page high-quality color magazine. Month after month, David has sent out reminders to his loyal contributors to send him copy and photos for the next month’s issue. I have been writing my articles for almost as long as the magazine has been in print, missing a few months for surgeries or travel; however, David has been the back bone of the Howler, every month for 200 issues, handling most efficiently the creative, business and production end of what has become a mainstay along the coast. Has it been that long since the 100th? How time flies! My contributions have come from my off-beach location on Finca Casagua, often giving a more Tico perspective concerning living and working in paradise. I have often thought I would put together fifty or a hundred of my more relevant stories into a collection called The Natural and Unnatural History of Guanacaste”. I do have a collection started, but am missing some of my early stories that were on my old Apple 2E and lost on floppy discs somewhere. David does have a collection of most back issues, as do many of us that have lived here for the last 20 years. I thank David for encouraging me to write, or should I say bullying at times, because I have had an outlet for my recollections and voice of a longtime foreign resident. Being married to a Tico for almost 20 years and having my proverbial foot in two cultures has given me a lot to write about from fiestas to horses, lost passports to favorite Guanacaste recipes. I have learned a lot about Guanacaste culture and natural history and enjoyed, always being a teacher, sharing what I had learned and answering questions such as – “Yucca or yuca?”, “Dying in Guanacaste”, “What kind of horse is that?” and the severalpart series saga of “Chichi, raising a Howler Monkey”. Some months it was a struggle to put 700-1,200 words and pictures together, but most months, once I had an idea the works jumped onto the page, limited only by my slow typing. (continued page 25)
A Slice of Life Do-it-Yourself Divorce David Mills
My wife and I had been separated for several years after a 19year marriage. We were still friends, and partners in a small business. Seeking to clear up some loose ends I asked her if she had considered divorce. “Why?” was her answer, “are you thinking of remarrying?” I swallowed my first instinctive answer “Hell, no, why would I make the same mistake again,” and switched to “Oh, no, if it didn’t work with you it wouldn’t work with anyone.” “But what about the cost?” she asked. “Those lawyers charge the earth for a divorce.” I told her I could get it done as a cheapie, and we would split the cost between us, and she agreed as long as I did the legwork. At my local bookstore in Toronto I picked up a book, whose name I have forgotten, but probably “A Do-it-yourself Guide to Divorce.” It contained a comprehensive file of documents, forms to be filled in and description of the whole process. Believe me, it couldn’t have been easier. First, the divorce has to be uncontested, but that was easy as we had split all the goodies years ago when we separated. I lived within easy distance of all the government offices, so I hopped on my bike and cycled all over town collecting official stamps. After a couple of weeks I took the completed set of forms to my ex-wife and had her sign it, then went to the local magistrate’s office, where a clerk put the final stamp on it. That evening we celebrated the event over a few beers and settled our account – about $360 including the cost of the book - delighted that not a penny had gone to any lawyer. We had beaten the system! I now see that many of these services are available on the Internet, but that didn’t exist then.
When everything seems to be going against you, remember that the airplane takes off against the wind, not with it. Henry Ford
Selling Costa Rica by the kilo
Country Day School Girls in AASCA Soccer Tournament
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ountry Day School Guanacaste had not been able to form a varsity girls soccer team for four years before the start of this school year due to lack of interest amongst the student body. When I realized I would have an opportunity to go on my third and final AASCA sports tournament I knew it was imperative to form a team. AASCA stands for American Association of Schools in Central America and it is an organization that has granted me some of the most memorable and amazing times of my life. AASCA not only holds sports tournaments, but also a Knowledge Bowl, an Improv and Theater competition, and even a Leadership Conference that I was lucky enough to attend in Nicaragua this past October. I got together with my fellow senior and best friend, Lilly Pandis, and together we decided we would rally up a team and travel to Guatemala City in March of this year to play in the AASCA soccer tournament. We both attended AASCA Basketball in Panama City in eighth grade and AASCA Basketball in San José in ninth grade. During those years we were the rookies and underlings on the team and we knew that it was now our time to lead a team and plan the trip.
WHITE SHEETS the first time is embarrassing, messy, hurts the first time is confusing, silly, sweet, should be loving almost never is \ then, & now the first time makes you pant like a dog makes you excited in heat for the next new beginning the next time won’t be & that’s why you keep hoping \ searching for next, best first time Gerretta Gerretta
After holding months of practices and fundraising to pay for extra costs, we embarked on our journey. Not only was this a new sport to ten out of the seventeen girls on our team, but we were in a new country with new faces and fears. We woke up early each morning to eat breakfast and warm up before our 8:30 games in the cold Guatemalan fog. After three days of intensive soccer games our team turned into a family. We rejoiced in the wins (and even some of the losses) and grew together as we learned about each other and ourselves. We hosted meetings every night where the twelfth graders and twelve–year-olds on our team bonded and truly became friends. We placed fifth in the competition and our coaches, as well as fellow competitors, were very impressed by our abilities, taking into account the fact that we were both the youngest and newest team coming from the smallest school. AASCA Soccer in Guatemala City was the highlight of my senior year and I cannot thank my school or my teammates enough for the amazing experience. Margo Wilson Twelfth grade student Country Day School
Howler the First 200 Issues
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e proudly present Issue No. 200 of The Howler. Since May 1996 this magazine has published continuously every month, except for a couple of months when the entire staff has taken vacations. In our centre pages we recap all the covers – 200 of them – showing the growth of the magazine from totally black-and-white, then including clip art, then photos, a little colour, a lot of colour, then all colour. I believe we have a very special quality publication, thanks largely to my freelance writers, some of whom have been with the magazine almost from its inception. Thanks also to my printer, Imprenta ARDU of San José, who has taught me all I needed to know about printing and has offered suggestions to continually improve the quality of the magazine. Thanks, also, to my advertisers, without whom none of this would have been possible Over the years, many of the residents of the Gold Coast have participated in The Howler, as advertisers or contributors. We have featured poetry, paintings and stories from many schoolchildren along the coast, and have supported the many initiatives from the forward-looking teaching staffs. We all benefit from this community spirit and welcome input from all. During the lifetime of The Howler, several other magazine-type publications have come and gone. It is not an easy job to publish a quality magazine in Costa Rica, especially with a one-person production crew. But, as the cover chart on pages 20-21 show, I didn’t miss much. Thanks to Lee Davidson and David Robert for filling in a couple of blanks in my display from their Howler collections. Certainly, the most popular feature is the annual Hallowe’en spread, a huge effort to photograph and produce, but well worth it for its popularity. Problem is that everybody wants to be in it, and some actually get angry if they do not appear. Sorry, but there is only one photographer, and he can’t be at every party. On average I will shoot about 400 photos and publish about seventy. I can’t promise another 200 issues of The Howler. Hopefully the next celebration will be May 2016, with my twenty-year anniversary. Meanwhile, keep enjoying The Howler, and help keep it alive with your advertising.
Men marry because they are tired, women because they are curious; both are disappointed Oscar Wilde
Howler - The F
Guanacaste’s O
1996 N P
1997
1998
1999 N P
2000
2001
2002 N P
2003 N P
2004
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First 200 Issues
Own Magazine
2005
2006
2007
2008 N P
2009
2010
2011
2012 N P
2013 N P
= not published
L
= lost
Selected Poems from “Tell me about the telaraña” by Diana Renee sus huesos se mueven, se levantan se conectan en codos rodillas la mujer muerta se levantará a caminar de nuevo el río le dará la sangre
shark
el águila le dará sus proprios ojos
i know your slow circles you are waiting for a sign of weakness you are trolling for a taste of blood in your skin you sense the heart beat fast in terror the muscle tremble, trying the brittle bone beneath your teeth are here smiling slowly spiral circles I know you are moving closer For the kill
now i will not tell you my secrets or sing you my songs they catch in my teeth like corn silk and lodge in my throat like hard candies
Luna, born March 27, at one day old. Black Stallion Hills
• Pura Vida Fun • Zipline • Wildlife • BBQ lack Stallion Ranch is perfectly located just ten minutes • Horseriding drive from Tamarindo & fifteen minutes from the J.W.
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Marriott hotel. It is a dreamy tropical ranch with many creeks, mountains and amazing nature to see and enjoy. There is always cool stuff going on at Black Stallion. It’s a creative place that attracts an international group of people looking for outdoor activities and an exclusive BBQ buffet that’s becoming rather famous for the delicious food cooked in front of you with much Pura Vida! Ride the Ranch ~ sabanero style: The horseback tours on Black Stallion are wellknown for a relaxed nature ride with your own expert cowboy guide Danny, who takes you inside the jungle & up into the hill tops and mountains and creeks with huge Guanacaste trees, exotic flowers, birds, monkeys, iguanas and many beautiful things to see along the way. When you reach the top the views are 360 degrees and spectacular! Black Stallion is great for families and friends to relax; after the ride kids can enjoy all the animals on the ranch, which they love to do. If you just want to take your boots and be a cowboy (sabanero) for an afternoon, Black Stallion offers just that, a chilled out place that feels like home. Ride & BBQ - chill-out & relax: The ride & BBQ is a very popular classic activity. After an amazing ride it’s time to relax, have a cold one & let the staff serve you up a mouth-watering BBQ dinner. Black Stallion Cafe & Saloon is unique in that it’s totally exclusive & personal. You sit in a beautiful Guanacaste rancho all made of teak wood which is almost like a museum with its retro surf ranch feel, you get served a BBQ feast fit for a king on a huge wooden platter. Steak, ribs, chorizo, pork chops and more. The salads are fresh and come with ranch rice, mashed potato and many little treats. It’s a fun afternoon & evening that will not be forgotten. Bring the camera.
The New Canopy Zipline: Tamarindo canopy vista on Black Stallion is unique, a boutique-style Eco-experience. Starting at the very top of a mountain you fly to another mountain top, which is around 360 meters, then you fly across to another mountain top - after that you walk around a hilltop and connect up to ten more lines and platforms taking you deep into the jungle to experience pristine untouched nature. It’s an adventure full of adrenalin and relaxing at the same time, totally safe and really good fun with a fantastic team looking after you all the way. This has to be the best zipline option in the Tamarindo area. Tours & prices: 1. Zip, ride & BBQ Combo - Starting at 2 pm, you zip for two hours, ride for one hour then enjoy the BBQ feast. $135.00 2. Ride & BBQ - A two-hour Eco ride into the jungle to see fantastic views then return for BBQ. $85.00 3. Ride only - Two-hour ride with cowboy guide seeing pristine nature & vistas. adults - $65.00 kids under 15 yrs. - $45.00 4. Canopy - Fly over & inside the jungle, ten lines & platforms, great team, fantastic eco fun. $50.00 5. Private BBQ buffet - Your own chef serves up a delicious buffet not to be missed. $45.00 Www.tripadvisor.com - Black Stallion saloon & cafe. For private friends or family BBQ Fiestas please book in advance so we can customize the menu for your group and, yes, we can BBQ up vegetarian dishes.
Call 506-8869-9765 blackstalliononline@yahoo.com www.blackstallionhills.com
Word puzzle B o d i e s o f Wa t e r
All words from the list below can be found in the word block on the right. Answers may be forward, backward, upwards, downwards and diagonal. adriatic andaman aralskoye arctic atlantic baltic bering black caribbean columbia danube eastchina erie ganges gulfofmexico
hudsonbay huron indian irrawaddy mackenzie mediterranean michigan north okhotsk ontario pacific red southchina superior yellow
David Howler (from page 16) My husband, Esteban, was the source of many of the ideas for the cultural sagas, while my background in ecology and natural history made it easy to find many interesting things to write about, especially here in Costa Rica. The country’s rich natural history was one reason I came in the first place, and being part of the Howler family has been a way of keeping my creative juices flowing and giving back a little. Way back then, when Tamarindo was just a sleepy surfing village with, most times, one working telephone and iffy electricity and water, most foreign residents knew each other. We old timers - ha, ha - have many stories, told now mostly over a glass of wine or an Imperial. With all the new people, business and traffic in Tamarindo and along the coast it is a good thing that we have David and his Howler to keep us all posted about what is new and “happening”. And for those advertizing in the Howler it has been a great way to show off your wares.
Drive People to Your Web Site Little square boxes filled with dots! We are seeing them everywhere, on walls, restaurant tables, even in magazines! But what are they? QRCodes are a new way of communicating your business to prospective customers. A QR Code contains a message – your telephone number, e-mail address or website address – that can be read by modern cell phones. Focus your cell phone camera on the image and take the photo, and you will be immediately taken to the web site or e-mail blank. Now The Howler is offering this new service to promote your business. We will publish your QRCode, with a couple of lines of text, as in the example below, for just $30 per month. You provide the code, or we will make it for you in black-and-white or colour. We can also include your company logo or name for $10 extra.
The Howler Your Gold Coast Magazine 2653-0545 www.howlermag.com
David is one of those foreign residents that has become a Tico, a friend, spending time getting to know and being part of the culture he has adopted. A common feature in Topes, local fiestas and eating his favorite fried chicken in Chilitos, he has brought an appreciation of Guanacaste to his readers. I think we all have to give Mr. Howler a round of applause and a big “Gracias” for keeping the communication going for 200 issues. We know it wasn’t always easy to get the copy from us to fill the pages, or get the money owed from advertisers, but he did it, and with every increasing style. Hey David, be proud of what you have done with a little help from your friends. I know we are and will continue to be. Note: I took these photos of David over the years as we joined the fun in Guanacaste.
Great Egret at Tamarindo
Surf Report (from page 15) So, with half the regular dates finished before the Gran Finals to come, how is the race for the national championship shaping up? Well the first thing I noticed was that even though there are some young upstarts like McGonagle making Photo: Alfredo Barquero the podium at every date, it seems that the veteran surfers are still commanding the waves of the Circuito, and therefore the top rankings. However, in the top ten there are some newcomers. Like the Italian surfer who lives in Malpais named Ramon Taliani, and the younger brother of Carlos Muñoz, Alberto. It’s important to note that the yearend winners will be tallied by the Top 6 best dates.
Skatepark in Villarreal
Here is how it stacks up right now before the fifth date, the Copa Oakley in Santa Teresa at the end of April, is factored in: 1 - Luis Vindas (photo) - 4680 points 2 - Jair Perez - 4223 points 3 - Ramon Taliani - 3668 points 4 - Gilbert Brown (Puerto Viejo) - 3525 points 5 - Josimar Fuentes (Jacó) - 3435 points 6 - Alberto Muñoz (Esterillos) - 3345 points 7 - Noe Mar McGonagle - 3330 points 8 - Jordan Hernandez (Puerto Viejo) - 3120 points 9 - Anthony Segura (Jacó) - 3105 points 10 - Leon Glatzer (Pavones) - 3030 points Now with 13-year-old Leilani McGonagle winning the Copa Quiksilver in Dominical she is now neck-and-neck with the 10-time national Women’s champion Lisbeth Vindas. The upstart from Pavones has now won two dates and placed third in two, which is exactly the same positioning as Lisbeth who, by the way, is Luis Vindas’ sister. Leilani, of course, is the younger sister of Noe Mar McGonagle, who is also ranked #1 so far in the Juniors in addition to his Open Top 10 placement. In Dominical, Leilani not only competed in the Women’s division; she raced in the Junior Women’s which she won. As a matter of fact, Leilani has taken 1st place in every Circuito date so far this season, and is likely to win that division for the second year in a row.
A skatepark, the first within a public college in Central America, was inaugurated at the Colegio de Villarreal in March, the development organized and funded by CEPIA, Youth Action Foundation, Dinadeco, Cemex, The Pool Store, Fertama, Amigos de la Educación, Fundación Florida, National Skateboards, Destiny Recordings and Australian AID.
She also placed third in the Boys (Under 16 surfers), where, of course, she surfed against the opposite sex. The Women’s Rankings half way through the year of the Circuito Nacional Olympus 2013 presented by Adrenalina Rush: 1 - Lisbeth Vindas (Jacó) - 5190 points 1 - Leilani McGonagle (Pavones) - 5190 points 3 - Paula Duarte (Jacó) - 3885 points (continued page 33)
Your Stars in May
Aries: 21 March - 20 April
Libra: 23 September - 23 October
You get a boost from four planets moving through your second house so this is a good month for making money, increasing your assets and your feelings of self worth. While Saturn in your eighth is making you very aware of the value of long-range planning, it is a good time to investigate the issues of insurance, wills, taxes and estate planning. Relationships with siblings go well, but do take care not to over react to any work challenges on the 20th, as Uranus squares Pluto. Your best days are the 6th and 7th.
The emphasis this month is on eighth house issues, legacies, wills, your partner’s money, secrets, sex and the ability to be reborn. Wow, don’t expect major laughs through this experience but I will tell you there’s light at the end of the tunnel after the 11th, when the Moon and Venus join Jupiter in Gemini, . Keep a visual image of Houdini the magician in your consciousness to assist you when you feel trapped by circumstances. He always got out of trouble! Best days for gains are the 20th and 21st.
With the Sun, Mercury, Venus and Mars in your sign, you have the drive, ideas, support and energy to pursue your goals. There’s a solar eclipse, however, at 19 Taurus on the 9th, which could indicate a change for your identity and a lunar eclipse at 4 Gemini/Sag on the 24th in your second house which could indicate new ways to make money developing over the next six months. Sounds pretty exciting, doesn’t it! Things go your way on the 8th and 9th.
Four planets in the sign of Taurus are traveling through your solar seventh house of partnerships. Issues concerning boundaries and dealings with the public are sure to come under scrutiny now. Saturn retrograde in your first house gives you some insecurity, but handle it by just taking the time to think the issues through and enumerate your worth. The eclipse happening on the 9th can set a new pattern in motion over the next six months. Be assertive on the 3rd and 24th for good results.
Taurus: 21 April - 21 May
Gemini: 22 May - 21 June
With the stellium of planets in your solar twelfth house, the first three weeks of the month uncover tremendous insights into your own psyche and the ways you self-sabotage your best interests. If you have natal planets there, it’s almost like a computer default program that runs under certain conditions, mainly confrontation or stress from having too many things going on. With Jupiter in your sign, and then Venus on the 9th, there’s a boost of confidence to stay true to yourself. Best days to do so are the evening of the 10th, the 11th and 12th.
Cancer: 22 June - 22 July
Scorpio: 24 October - 22 November
Sagittarius: 23 November - 21 December
With the stellium of planets in Taurus moving through your sixth house of work, health habits, small pets and obligations you have many things to deal with. Around the eclipse on the 9th is a good time to make changes in those matters, making improving your health a priority. Be careful around the 21st if traveling or having an adventure locally as the vibes are stressed then. Your attitude is good, however, and people seek you out socially. Get out and about on the 25th and 26th.
Capricorn: 22 December - 21 January
This is a great month for networking and increasing your exposure with the public. With four planets moving through your solar eleventh house, you shine with confidence and practical knowledge. Be careful about signing any contracts between the 20th and the 26th as the energy is more than a bit volatile for you. You could feel like you are under attack. Take a step back and wait for clarity. Good days for you are the 13th and 14th.
This month you should focus on your children, having a little fun, and creative ventures. The four planets in Taurus are transiting your fifth house which should give you plenty of opportunities for pleasure. This may seem counter-intuitive to your normal mode of productivity but all work and no play makes for a tedious, not to mention, boring existence! Mix it up a bit and enjoy! The 27th and 28th are days when things go your way.
The Sun, Mercury, Venus and Mars are transiting your solar tenth house of profession making you very visible and dynamic. You have lift-off this month! Some obligations with family or in the home could slow things down a bit, but you can move through it with measured efforts and dignity by the 7th. If traveling, take care on the 21st. Lunar aspects favor you on the 15th, 16th and 17th.
This is a good month to spend some more time at home, either entertaining, doing a home improvement project or just having more family time. The stellium of planets in Taurus is moving through your fourth house so you are possibly concerned about conditions in your old age or ancestry and real estate. Take measures to improve those matters to your satisfaction. The best days for you are the 1st, 2nd, 29th and 30th.
Leo: 23 July - 23 August
Virgo: 24 August - 22 September
The stellium of planets in Taurus takes place in your solar ninth house of philosophy, mind expansion, travel and large enterprises. With this emphasis, you start thinking about new ways of looking at the world and your place in it - painting with a broader brush than the usual Virgo detail-oriented method. Good for you! If you are traveling, lay low on the 21st, as the energy is a little volatile then. Good vibes surround you on the 18th and 19th. by Jeanne Callahan (jeannecallahan007@gmail.com)
Aquarius: 22 January - 19 February
Pisces: 20 February - 20 March
Four planets in the sign of Taurus are transiting your third house of siblings, your neighborhood, and communication. You may be very busy this month as there are obligations that need to be addressed. Writing and thinking should go well; in fact, journaling would be of value at this time, just also remember to listen to the information being given to you without judgment. The 3rd, 4th, 5th and 31st are your best days.
Namasté Visit Jeanne’s site at CelestialAdvisor.com
Parents’ Corner The Importance of Friends Psychologist Erik Erikson looks at human development as a series of stages, each one containing one key conflict between opposing situations, that the person needs to resolve in order to be able to successfully move to the next stage. The stage corresponding to adolescence is characterized by the conflict between identity and role confusion, being the main task in this stage “finding out who we are as individuals separate from our family of origin and as members of a wider society”. Friends play a key role in this process. For a teenager, his friends are the ones who understand him best, and who give him a much needed sense of belonging. Here are some guidelines that may be helpful when dealing with your child’s friendships: 1. Know your child’s friends. Invite them to your home, offer yourself to drop them off and pick them up, organize parties at your house… keep them close, create a connection … by getting to know them better, you will also achieve a better understanding of your son or daughter. 2. Promote time and space for friends. By allowing your daughter or son to organize gatherings with friends, going out with them and following up on their wellbeing, your child is learning social skills. It allows the adolescent to think beyond him or herself and become more aware of other people’s needs and desires. 3. Talk to your son or daughter about friendship. Share your own experiences in this matter and help your child understand that, as important as friends are, it is more important to resist peer pressure and make your own decisions. Help your child understand the concept of integrity. 4. Teach your son or daughter how to handle compromising situations. Having a “ready to use” response can help a teenager out when being pressured to break a rule, e.g. drinking or taking drugs. You need to be practical and remember that it is not easy to deny a friend’s request. By offering your child realistic alternatives on how to deal with this type of situations, you will help him feel more confident. 5. Supervise your daughter’s or son’s activities with friends. This may not make you very popular, but that should not concern you… you are a parent, and it is your responsibility to know where your child is at any time, and who he is with. Don’t hesitate to say NO if you consider an activity inappropriate or too risky. In any case, your child’s friends are part of your family… let them in, and open your hearts and minds to them, and you will be opening your hearts and minds to your child. “Each friend represents a world in us, a world possibly not born until they arrive, and it is only by this meeting that a new world is born.”-- Anais Nin Msc. Mónica Riascos Henríquez Psychopedagogist – Member of ASOLAP – Code 2024 consultariascos@live.com
Now Begins the Study of Yoga Saucha This month we journey back to the philosophical roots of yoga, to explore Saucha, sometimes translated as “cleanliness”. In yoga studios, there are guidelines which embody this Niyama, asking students to come to class clean, without any strong odors, even from perfumes, colognes, or lotions. This beginning step towards Saucha ensures that everyone can enjoy the class environment. As a teacher, I also look at the how the physical environment of the room itself can help set up an atmosphere of orderliness and clean energy flow. If mats are set up facing different ways, not in either lines or a circle, I have observed students being more distracted, and often less able to keep their energy and focus within what we as a group are doing. I typically will ask students to set up their mats in a circle. This allows for the energy of the room to flow evenly around all of us, and also seems to contribute to a feeling of everyone working together in the class. In your home practice, look at how you can arrange your mat in a place that is clean and orderly, and in harmony with your surroundings. It is also good to keep your mat itself clean. Although there are many types of special sprays and wipes that you can buy specifically made for mat cleaning, I’ve always found a combination of vinegar, water, and essential oil to be a very effective spray.
Mary Byerly is one of the owners and the yoga teacher at Panacea. An oasis of tranquility and health 10 minutes from Tamarindo. Discover Paradise and Bring a Peace Home www.panaceacr.com • 2653-8515
I also teach beginning students to be mindful as they walk to the closet for props or go to the wall. They learn to walk around others mats, thus keeping their feet off of another’s mat, as well as respecting the energetic “space” of another student. I do even try to encourage students to put away their props and mats at the end of the class neatly – again, so that we are practicing cleanliness both in the yoga closet, as well as hopefully transferring this attention to awareness and respect of our surroundings as we leave class. At home, you can observe Saucha through both keeping your practice area free of clutter and clean, and storing your yoga props neatly. I consider my practice to begin even as I go through the ritual of setting up my space for yoga, first by cleaning the area, and secondly in mindfully setting it up, including the lighting of some incense. As we do in class, you can also separate your yoga practice from the rest of your day, thus keeping your practice “clean”. We do this through chanting the sacred word “Om” to begin and saying “Namaste” at the end. Enjoy incorporating Saucha into your practice today!
Namaste, Mary
Barbara’s Pet Stories
D
A Miracle
ay one: my phone rang: “Hi there, I am looking for Barbara. Oh, my name is Brian and I just found a baby skunk, aehh, and I was told that you take care of animals. I am at Playa Junquillal, so I have to send the baby somehow to you.” Day two: a taxi stopped in front of my door: the driver had a tiny box in his hands and gave it to me: a tiny baby skunk, about two inches long. With an eye dropper I fed some milk to the baby, a boy, which I named Pepe. Day three: baby skunk Pepe got his milk every 2 hours. The eyes still closed, I guessed Pepe to be 4 or 5 days old. Day 4: again the milk every 2 hours, then the belly massage to make him pee. He moved his little front legs, and it squeaked a bit in a high voice. Day 5: same as the day before, but I was a bit worried, as Pepe was really quiet that day. No squeaking. Not that good appetite as before. Day 6: Pepe did not want to drink that morning, no squeaks. I was more than worried. He looked so weak to me. Oh Heaven, please help!! While thinking what else I could do, I walked with Pepe in my hands around the garden, where I saw one of my cats sitting in front of a hole and staring into it. I went closer, then I could see that this hole went deeper into the ground. I took a stick to put it into this hole to find out what was it. I poked against something soft. All of a sudden a small black bushy body came out: a Hooded Skunk. A mama, as I could see her teats. She looked at me with an angry face, as if she wanted to say: do not disturb me, I am busy lactating my babies. But she came a bit closer to me on her tiny paws, sniffed at my hand, then she saw what I was holding, she came closer, sniffed again, and took off, back into her hole. Day 7: Pepe drank just a little bit, way too little. I had tears in my eyes. I walked back to the hole where I saw the mama the day before. I sat down there for some minutes with Pepe in my hands, then Mama came out, straight towards my hands, sniffed on Pepe, grabbed him and gone she was, back into her house. All I could still hear were different little squeaks and squeaks. Baby Hooded Skunks with a Baby Striped Hog-Nosed Skunk. I put a small bowl with water and one bowl with cat food in front of the hole. Skunk Mama helped me, so I will help Mama. Day 20: I can hear squeaks out of the hole, stronger than before. Mama comes out for eating and drinking. She is tolerating me, lets me look at her. But no more. Today, day 30: Mama came out, and very slowly...tiny snouts = 4 babies...3 black with a white stripe on their tails and one with stripes all over the little body: Pepe!! He made it!!
Doctor’s Orders Jeffrey Whitlow, M.D. jwhitlow82159@gmail.com
Sleep and Anti-anxiety Drugs
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or the past few months we have been discussing the dangers of “recreational” drugs. This month we will continue that discussion, focusing on sleep and anti-anxiety meds.
Medications given to induce sleep, like the barbiturates (Seconal, Phenobarbitol, and Tuinal, to name three) and Ambien, and anti-anxiety drugs (also known as “anxiolytics”), such as Valium and Xanax, have their own set of adverse effects. These drugs can cause seizures in the same way that cocaine, meth, and alcohol do, by interfering with the chemical interaction of the brain cells in such a way as to create a “seizure focus”. The sleep medications can cause headaches, vertigo (dizziness), confusion, nausea, and vomiting. Some of the sleep medications, particularly Phenobarbitol and Tuinal, are metabolized very slowly by the body. These medications can hang around for days after a person takes them, making that person drowsy or sluggish. These drugs are also associated with a peculiar syndrome called somnambulism. Individuals afflicted with this syndrome get up in the middle of the night and conduct complex tasks, like fixing a meal or going on a drive to the store, without ever gaining full consciousness. I had a patient for whom I had prescribed Ambien. She came to my office and told me that she had awakened in her wrecked car that morning. She had no idea how she got there, where she had been, or what she had been doing. She asked me to refill her prescription. I respectfully declined, and I never wrote another prescription for the drug after that incident. The anxiolytics and sleep medications are highly addictive and are associated with a particularly nasty withdrawal syndrome. The symptoms of withdrawal include anxiety, muscle pain, fever, and nausea and vomiting. People who were on high doses of these medications before withdrawal can suffer from confusion and hallucinations, seizures, and even cardiovascular collapse.
Casagua Horses The greatest variety of tours and riding experiences for all ages, featuring spectacular countryside, howler monkeys, colorful small towns and fun-filled fiestas. Cantina Tour - Nature Tour Fiesta & Tope Rental - Old Tempate Trail Tour Located near Portegolpe on the main road, opposite the Monkey Park, just 20 minutes from the beach.
Phone us at: 2-653-8041 • kaydodge@racsa.co.cr www.paintedponyguestranch.com The best horses on Guanacaste’s Gold Coast!
Considering the negatives and consequences, I have to conclude that these drugs really have no place in medical practice. I think it is a serious indictment on both the medical establishment and the general population that these powerful and dangerous drugs are prescribed and taken for such trivial conditions as “insomnia” and “anxiety”. Somewhere, somebody got the idea that we understand “normal” brain chemistry. The rationale behind prescribing drugs like these, along with the anti-depressant drugs like Prozac, is that they are needed to restore the “chemical balance” of the brain. There are so many things wrong with that notion that I can’t address them all in this space. But the bottom line is this, considering how little knowledge that we have about the normal function of the human brain, I would be very hesitant to assume that we have any idea as to what the normal “chemical balance” of the brain is, let alone be able to create an artificial chemical to “restore” or “control” that balance. In fact, it is the very height of human arrogance to think so. In the next two months, we will conclude this discussion.
Surf Report (from page 26) 4 - Nataly Bernold (Jacó) - 3870 points 5 - Emily Gussoni (Jacó) - 3496 points 6 - Taylor Alsager (Santa Teresa) - 2562 points 7 - Veronica Quiros (Santa Teresa) - 2333 points 8 - Mariana Samudio (Jaco) - 1830 points 9 - Selena Moberly (Nosara) - 1755 points 10 - Erika Valverde (Dominical) - 1748 points Copa Quiksilver Playa Dominical • March 23-24, 2013 Open 1 2 3 4 Junior 1 2 3 4
Luis Vindas Jair Perez Noe Mar McGonagle Alberto Muñoz Noe Mar McGonagle Leon Glatzer Edgar Groggo Kevin Montiel
Women 1 Leilani McGonagle 2 Paula Duarte 3 Lisbeth Vindas 4 Selena Moberly Junior Women 1 Leilani McGonagle 2 Paula Duarte 3 Emily Gussoni 4 Selena Moberly
Boys 1 Leon Glatzer 2 Leonardo Calvo 3 Leilani McGonagle 4 Sean Forester Longboard 1 Anthony Flores 2 Ariel Gonzalez 3 Cristian Santamaria 4 Josue Venegas 5 Enrique Pacheco Mini-Grommets 1 Malakai Martinez 2 Dean Vandewalle 3 Oscar Urbina 4 Gabriel Cordoba
Robert August has done so much for Tamarindo. As I’ve said many times before, he put the town on the surfing map when he included Tamarindo in the sequel to his quintessential surfing movie, “Endless Summer.” In “Endless Summer II” he brought Wingnut here to share our beautiful waves. So it makes sense that now that he lives here full-time, he would bring Wingnut back every year to participate in his Surf ‘n’ Turf event. Partnered now for a few years with CEPIA, the event has become huge. Not only do people fly in from all over the world to golf and surf and party with August and Wingnut, but the locals now get into the act to raise money for CEPIA. This year, the Fourteenth Annual Robert August Surf n’Turf raised an astonishing $25,000 for CEPIA to use to help the area at-risk kids. Just amazing. Not only did the surf and golf part have 75 participants, but the Azul Profundo Blue Crush fashion show brought out 400 people on the Saturday night to watch locals parade the runway in the latest beach fashions.
In order to raise that amount of money, there had to be sponsors to underwrite the event. Robert would like to thank all the sponsors including Fisio Spot, Flamingo Beach Resort and Spa, Roxy (who also had a ladies’ tag team surf event the morning of the other surf contest), Rip Jack Inn, Frijoles Locos, Las Ventanas, Lolas, who provided breakfast the morning of the surf contest., Hacienda Pinilla, Witch’s Rock Surf Camp, Azul Profundo, Hibiscus Sailing, Reserva Conchal, Gold Coast Charters, Budget, Lade Boutique Hotel and Spa, Jet Blue, Ricante, Wyland Foundation, Clarke Hook Real Estate, Siplast, Surftech, HSS, Duke’s, Nirve, Solspot, XCEL, Body Glove, Las Mareas, Kaenon, RPM Property Management, Sanuk, Rainbow Sandals, Puma, Cobra, Che Boards, SkateOne, RVCA, Robert August Surf Company and Supra. Here are the results of the Surf n’ Turf: 1st Golf: Dan Baldwind, Tyra Bauer, Greg, Jason Bauer 2nd Golf: Robbie Twine, Sam August, Billy Webb, Clay Mccutcheon 3rd Golf: Alvaro Padilla, Steve McDonald, Robert August, Sergio 1st Surf: Robbie Twine, Sam August, Billy Webb, Clay McCutcheon 2nd Surf: Kristen Brown, Wingnut, Silvea De Dea, Mac Mcintosh 3rd Surf: Curtis Custer, Juan Diego, Cory Buachard and Robert August. And finally, last month The Howler had not one, but two articles about the good work that Bruce McKillican and Toni Vandewalle are doing with the kids from Country Day School Guanacaste. They have them surfing twice a week in Tamarindo, and they have formed a good team of athletes, who are improving their skills. I wanted to include what I hope are not the final words on these activities from Sarah Haun, Principal of Country Day School Guanacaste (CDSG). The mother of three also has been surfing for four years, and can sometimes be seen out in the water with the kids from her school. “As an educator, I see a real difference in the students when they surf in the mornings. They are wide awake for first period, and energized throughout the day. Studies show that students who exercise early in the morning before school do better in their subjects, are more receptive, more prone to participating in class discussions and more readily available to learn. I can see the difference in the students who surf in the mornings and those who don’t in terms of their alertness in their morning classes. It is amazing! At first, my goals were to have the students participate in something to which they felt committed and be a part of a team. After seeing the results of their academic behavior after surfing sessions, I have realized that this will have a positive effect on their academics as well.”
That’s all I’ve got. Looking forward to hearing what you think. Keep those emails coming at EllenZoe@aol.com. Send your comments, information, errors or praise, because I can’t do this column without you, the real surfers.
Surviving
C hapter XXXVII
COSTA RICA
O
n the “Road” again! I haven’t done this too much lately; most of the gigs I play these days are just a few blocks from where I live with the occasional journey to far-off exotic locales like Flamingo and Potrero, and believe me I’m not complaining. I was never much for being on the road in the first place. It usually meant playing non-exciting venues in towns with nothing much to do, trapped in a super economy motel room with a bunch of guys who didn’t trust me because I read books. I much prefer staying at home and playing the immediate area, thus providing a semblance of a private life and an almost-stable life style. Now I find myself traveling in a van filled with equipment and music types at 8 a.m. heading into the mountains of Costa Rica to play at a party for dogs. As opposed to the good ol’ days when everyone on the tour bus spoke the Texas idiom of English the predominant language in use was an Argentinian-Panamanian-Peruvian hybrid of Spanish, and sometimes I have a little difficulty discerning what’s going on. On board was Radha the singer and her (our) road manager Jorge, yours truly and Davis Herzovich, bass player and booking agent, from whom I was able to establish that indeed we were playing someplace requiring a five-hour drive to an event to play for dogs. We’d be gone all day and would be, though not exceedingly so, compensated. My hopes were that the trip would provide enough strange and bizarre incidents that I could then put into the next column’s impending deadline, therefore releasing me from my monthly obligation to provide the editor with product. Sadly this didn’t happen. The trip went pretty smoothly with the biggest problem being locating a suitable spot to stop for a coffee, and
Going to the Dogs
I mean these South American types are pretty serious about their coffee and woe betide the poor waitress who brings a substandard cup to the table. They were still putting them down many hours later during dinner all the while discussing them with the same enthusiasm as any wine snob. We found ourselves passing through Fortuna and continuing upward into the mountains to our destination, a town called Florencia. It was about this time that we started hearing a rather ominous clanking noise beneath the van where stuff like the “transmission” is located and for a moment I thought I might be in for a “broke down van on the side of the road” story that might satisfy my need for a more tragically oriented column. Alas it was not to be, as apparently all Hyundai vans make noises of this nature and are better left ignored. Before long we make it to the gig, where it turns out we are the featured music for the conclusion of Pet Expo 2013, a two-day event presented by the local veterinarian, our benefactor. The event was in the midst of a show competition between the various breed and age categories so we had a comfortable hour or so to set up on the stage which we shared with the various judges and announcers. I’m a big dog fan myself and these guys were running a pretty serious show although it became apparent that it could have been called Expo Pit Bull 2013 as the vast majority of participants were either American Pitbulls or their cousins the Bull Terriers, as well as a lone Doberman Pinscher and a Brazilian Mastiff (Fila Brasileiro), who didn’t seem to think much of my offer to pet. Sadly there was not a single Shar-pei in evidence. For you masochists that are regular readers of this column you
Story by Jesse Bishop (owlhumm@hotmail.com)
may recall my dog Sun Tzu who has been a guest columnist over the years and remains a close confidant. I doubt Sun Tzu would have been successful at this show as he’d have been too busy trying to get the various monster Pitbulls to kick his ass. I was amazed at how well the dogs were behaving around each other considering their often unfair reputations for aggressiveness. They were certainly showing a marked interest in each other but there was absolutely no bad behavior that I saw, even between dogs that looked like they could’ve eaten a horse if they wished. The fact that many were decked out in spiked collars that could have restrained a rhinoceros helped also. When it came to our turn we gamely mounted the stage and played a couple of enthusiastically received sets from an ever shrinking audience due to the fact that the Saprissa-Liga Futbol Classico was beginning at any moment and not even Radha can compete with Costa Rican futbol. The van was quickly loaded and we began the trek back to the lowlands with a stop in Fortuna at the legendary pizza joint El Vagabundo. Things were pretty quiet as the pizza cook and waiter, the only two males in Costa Rica not glued to the TV watching the game, served us with further cups of coffee, yours truly sticking to fermented malt beverages, and some very interesting pizza choices including a veggie pizza with cucumbers, a tuna and egg pizza and Argentinian pizza smothered in arugula and mate (ie. covered with grass and sticks). The ride back to Guanacaste was once again lacking in drama, the conversation primarily in Spanish that seemed to involve my name followed by a period of laughter, nothing I’m not used to. . For our next outing I hear we’re planning on driving to Managua to play for a gathering of pigs, or at least I think that’s what I heard.
A Season of Change Tom Peifer (peifer@racsa.co.cr) A change in the weather is known to be extreme, but what’s the sense of changing horses in mid-stream? Bob Dylan
L
ike most things in life, people who haven’t lived through it have a hard time believing it. I’m talking about the nearly overnight changes from “seasonal Sahara” to “rumble through the jungle”. Last year a friend shot pictures of the road to Hotel Playa Negra. With a week or so of rainfall the scenery morphed from Death Valley to the Garden of Eden. Underfoot the texture changed from dust to drywall mud and the air from blast furnace to sauna. Pronto it’ll be time to deploy the razor-sharp machetes to keep your real estate investment from being swallowed by exuberant vegetation. Just like any number of lost civilizations or Mayan Temples. Exhausted by weeks of oppressive heat, most of us are eagerly observing the colors at dawn and dusk or looking towards the southern skies for any sign at all of the onset of the life-giving rains. Ironically, as the seasonal slowdown begins to hit the tourism-related industries, there’s a flurry of activity for those who draw their life from the land. Just as pizza parlors are pruning their payrolls, farmers are repairing their fences, stocking up on seeds and arguing at fiestas over which varieties of corn or rice or pasture grass will provide the best results on a given parcel of land. For home gardeners and orchardists, this is the perfect time of year to stock up on cow patties for compost, turn brush piles into “bio-char” (See: Char Don’t Burn, Howler, July 2007), and prepare planting holes for perennials like fruit trees and bananas. Many species of wildflowers and trees are dropping seeds and can be introduced into your landscape by simply tossing handfuls around and thinning as needed. It’s also a perfect moment to try to remember just how things looked during the heavy rains of the past, both to prepare for the worst and locate your plantings according to the lie of the land and the different zones of humidity. Given the predictions of another dry year, having the option of supplemental irrigation is like an insurance policy for the time and effort invested in your landscape. Just as farmers and gardeners await the rain, likewise, those who are dependent on the flow of tourist dollars keep a wary eye on the ‘weather’, in this case, the global economy. In a recent article in La Nación, tourism was ‘up’, according to the various parameters used in the cited study. They expressed a somewhat cautious optimism that tourism had weathered the storm of the global economic downturn and was headed for sunny skies and calmer conditions. A few quick phone calls confirmed my hunch that the deluge of tourist dollars was less than evenly distributed. Perhaps stretching the analogy with weather a bit, in a year of somewhat ‘spotty’ rainfall, some fields and pastures simply green up faster, and stay green longer, than others less than a mile away. Friends with small hotels in Playa Junquillal reported a really good year while several people I spoke with in Tamarindo said just the opposite.
In a follow-up editorial to the report on the national tourism study, La Nación reviewed the findings, noting, among other things, which parts of the world were still stagnating economically, and warning of the various challenges to continued growth in the tourism sector. Ironically, they apparently missed the fact that China is now the country that disgorges the largest number of overseas tourists per year. In the same vein, they conveniently overlooked the apparent contradiction that a country which brags about achieving ‘carbon neutrality’ by the year 2020 should be so avid in boosting an industry that depends in its entirety on millions of miles per annum of carbon-rich contrails crisscrossing the overheating atmosphere of the planet while gliding in towards a smooth landing in the land of Pura Vida. In the case of the intelligencia of La Nación—or the honchos and honchas of the political elite--we encounter a textbook example of the capacity of the human brain to comfortably sequester information that is upsetting to the ‘master narrative’ upon which we subconsciously operate. As Upton Sinclair succinctly put it: “It is difficult to get a man to understand something, when his salary depends on his not understanding it.” The master narrative upon which these folks’ salaries, and positions in power ultimately depends is the underlying belief—the civil religion as some have called it—in progress. Call it “economic growth”, “development” or whatever you want, there’s an innate belief—a paradigm as it’s called, that the path towards the earthly nirvana is in fact paved with greenbacks, now that the gold standard is a thing of the past. Current political leaders of all stripes and ideological persuasions strive to convince the unruly masses that they alone have the magic, the Midas touch, the miracle mix of incomprehensible policies, plans and personal attributes to appease the appropriate powers and cause the economic rainfall to bring back the bountiful harvests of yore. The parallels--religious rites and mystical incantations conducted by an anointed elite--with any number of long-disappeared civilizations could not be more disturbing. What’s unsettling is the simple fact that when the times are a-changin’ you’ve got to change to keep up with the times. And there is beyond a reasonable doubt that we are changing fast enough. More than 80% of all economic activity on the planet is driven by fossil fuels—in transportation it’s 95%. Therefore, any increase in activity— production, transport, sales, consumption--leads to an increase in fossil (continued page 36)
A Season of Change
(from page 35)
fuel consumption, which leads to increased CO2, which leads to more climate change. And this holds true even in a country like Costa Rica, which preens its proverbial feathers to the lullaby of carbon neutrality as it pursues an export- and tourism-based model of development, both inextricably interwoven with the world-wide web of increasing global emissions. To paraphrase Abraham Lincoln: “You can fool all the people some of the time, and some of the people all the time, but you cannot fool Nature, ever.”
M a y ( a l l
t i m e s
2 0 1 3 l o c a l )
Sun
1st - rise 5:25; set 5:55 15th - rise 5:22; set 5:58 31st - rise 5:21; set 6:02
Last quarter: New: First quarter: Full:
Moon
2nd 9th 17th 24th
5:14 a.m. 6:28 p.m. 10:34 p.m. 10:25 p.m.
When globalization became all the rage with the book “The World is Flat”, Costa Rica savants in the political, economic and intellectual elite were falling all over themselves with analysis, adulation and suggestions for how to position this little eco-paradise to make the most of the latest trend on the world scene. Somehow, however, this assortment of intellectual heavyweights seems to have collectively pulled the plug to their CPU’s—or possibly their frontal lobes--when it came to the carbon footprint of the new global game in town. As surely as the radiation from the Fukushima reactor meltdown affected the thyroids of almost a third of newborn babies on the West Coast of the US, the massive increase in carbon emissions from China, Costa Rica’s newfound amigo in world trade, don’t simply stay put in the skies over the Middle Kingdom. Duh! Ditto with the carbon-rich contrails floating in the slipstream of the millions of frequent flier miles that underpin the economy upon which so many of us depend. Turning a blind eye to the portents of looming changes does precious little to deter their arrival. Wending one’s way out of one economy and into another is not quite so simple as Henry David Thoreau’s decision to move into a cabin in the woods for a year. It’s more like straddling a widening crevasse on an Alpine glacier. Both sides offer unstable footing and in the middle it’s a long way down. At the risk of “playing it again, Sam”, I would argue that the future is likely to incorporate more elements of the past than we can currently imagine. As an example, take the 5-7 thousand year success of the corn-based cultures of Mesoamerica. In my own work, I’ve noticed a substantial uptick in the number of people who are interested in producing more of their own food. It may be because of high food prices, or an intuitive sense that “something’s happenin’ in here.” Whatever the motive it’s a positive step in a promising direction. That said, I’m stepping out the door and headed for the garden. When the tone of the music changes the walls of the city shake. Plato, The Republic And it’s a hard, it’s a hard, it’s a hard.. It’s a hard rain, a’ gonna’ fall. - Dylan, Bob
Tom Peifer is an ecological land use consultant with 18 years experience in Guanacaste. 2658-8018. peifer@racsa.co.cr El Centro Verde is dedicated to researching and promoting sustainable land use, permaculture and environmentally sound development. www.elcentroverde.org/
Werner Franzen Master Carpenter In Villarreal, just outside Tamarindo, lives a German couple, Anna and Werner Franzen in a very neat house, totally furnished inside and out by Werner’s own handicraft. Werner is passionate about wood, handling it, working it, polishing it, and makes beautiful pieces of furniture – tables, chairs, kitchen cabinets, wardrobes, even planters. There is a saying that you can only be really successful if you truly love what you are doing. And Werner’s love and passion is definitely shown in the way he makes his unique furniture. With his art he shows that the spirit of a tree will always remain alive; he only changes its shape, its appearance. Werner is available to do his special work for you, whether a whole kitchen or a planter for a palm tree. He offers German quality work, forty years’ experience, a fully equipped workshop and chamber-dried woods
Contact Werner Franzen at 8509-6466 or anafranzen1@gmail.com. Or visit their home just inside the gate at Black Stallion Hills in Villarreal.
1W
2T Last Qtr 3F
4S
5S
00:34 06:57 13:00 19:19 01:31 07:57 14:03 20:22 02:33 09:02 15:12 21:31 03:39 10:09 16:23 22:39 04:46 11:13 17:30 23:44
-0.4 8.9 0.3 8.8 0.0 8.5 0.7 8.2 0.5 8.3 1.0 7.9 0.8 8.2 1.1 7.7 1.0 8.3 1.0 7.7
6M
05:48 12:11 18:29
1.0 11S 8.5 0.8
7T
00:41 06:43 13:02 19:20 01:32 07:31 13:49 20:05 02:17 08:15 14:31 20:46 02:59 08:55 15:11 21:24
7.9 0.9 8.7 0.5 8.1 0.8 8.9 0.3 8.3 0.7 9.0 0.1 8.4 0.7 9.0 0.0
8W
9T New Moon 10F
12S
13M
14T
15W
MAY TIDE CHART
03:39 09:34 15:49 22:01 04:18 10:12 16:27 22:38 04:57 10:51 17:05 23:16 05:37 11:30 17:45 23:55 06:18 12:12 18:26
8.4 0.7 9.0 0.0 8.4 0.8 8.8 0.1 8.3 1.0 8.6 0.3 8.1 1.2 8.2 0.6 7.9 1.5 7.9
16T
17F 1st Qtr 18S
19S
20M
00:35 07:01 12:57 19:12 01:18 07:47 13:46 20:01 02:06 08:36 14:40 20:56 02:57 09:30 15:37 21:54 03:52 10:24 16:36 22:53
0.9 7.7 1.5 7.5 1.2 7.5 1.9 7.2 1.5 7.5 1.9 7.0 1.7 7.5 1.9 7.0 1.7 7.8 1.6 7.2
21T
22W
23T
24F Full 25S
04:48 11:18 17:33 23:50 05:44 12:11 18:26
1.5 26S 8.2 1.1 7.5 1.2 27M 8.7 0.6
00:43 06:38 13:02 19:18 01:35 07:30 13:52 20:08 02:25 08:22 14:42 20:57
8.0 28T 0.8 9.2 0.0 8.5 29W 0.3 9.7 -0.5 9.0 30T -0.1 10.1 -0.9
31F Last Qtr
03:15 09:13 15:32 21:47 04:05 10:05 16:23 22:36 04:57 10:58 17:15 23:27 05:49 11:53 18:09
9.5 -0.4 10.3 -1.1 9.7 -0.5 10.2 -1.1 9.8 -0.4 10.0 -0.9 9.7 -0.1 9.6
00:20 06:44 12:50 19:05
-0.6 4T 9.5 0.2 9.1
1S June 2S
3M
01:15 07:41 13:50 20:05 02:13 08:41 14:53 21:08 03:13 09:43 15:59 22:13 04:15 10:43 17:03 23:16 05:16 11:41 18:02
-0.1 9.2 0.6 8.5 0.4 8.9 1.0 8.1 0.9 8.6 1.2 7.7 1.2 8.5 1.2 7.6 1.4 8.5 1.2