Magney House

FINAL REPORT (89) Pinillos, Helí

2007 FALL / Sys3: Building Performance Case Study Magney House, Bingie Point, NSW, Australia Arch. Glenn Murcutt, 1982-84

Prepared by Helí Pinillos 07W ARCH325-001 / Prof. R.A.Svetz

HISTORICAL / FORMALIST CONTEXT : The Magney House - rural house - shows a relationship between the house and the landscape, which is one of the main characteristics of Glenn Murcutt’s work. The client asked for a house that could be compared to a tent, in terms of having a lot of access to light and not being overloaded in structure. The scale of the land influenced Murcutt to use steel as the main construction material to create a good proportion between the size of the building and the size of the landscape. Murcutt’s earlier work which resembles the Magney House can be seen in the Kempsey Museum and Fredericks House.

SITE PLAN

N

WEST VIEW

NORTH WEST VIEW EAST VIEW AFTERNOON SOUTH EAST VIEW NORTH VIEW

WEST VIEW AFTERNOON

1924: Schroder House Utrecht, The Netherlands Arch. Gerrit Rietveld

1910

1901: The Commonwealth of Australia becomes a reality

02 / Helí Pinillos

1937-39: Villa Mairea Noormakku, Finland Arch. Alvar Aalto

1928-29: Barcelona Pavillion Barcelona, Spain Arch. Mies van der Rohe

1909: Robie House Illinois, USA Arch. Frank Lloyd Wright

1920

1914-1918: World War I Australia supports England

1928-31: Town Hall Hilversum, The Netherlands Arch. Willem M. Dudok

1930

1932: Sydney Harbour Bridge Opens (Steel Construction)

1953: Aalto Summer House Muuratsalo, Finland Arch. Alvar Aalto

1951: Farnsworth House Illinois, USA Arch. Mies van der Rohe

1949: Glass House Connecticut, USA Arch. Philip Johnson 1940

1952: Saynatsalo Town Hall Saynatsalo, Finland Arch. Alvar Aalto

1950

1965: Australian troops sent to Vietnam War 1939-45 World War II Australia declared war to Germany and Japan

1948: The first Australian car is produced the Holden

The Magney House design responds to different conditions of the site - wind, light, weather conditions and views - so that the performance of the house is due to its form. The design of the roof curving upwards leads the wind and light inside the house, while it collects rain to be taken through an exposed drainage system underground. For thermal condition the back wall of the house is made of masonry to avoid south cold wind getting into the house during winter, and the floors is made of insulated concrete which keeps the house warm at night after being exposed during the day to the sun’s rays. To control the access of light between seasons a system of blinds clad the glass wall from the bottom to the top of the whole north façade. The house in plan is arranged in one axis going from east to west, having the parent zone on the east, the children/guest zone on the west, and a division between zones by a verandah which works as a shared common space and also as the main entrance to the whole house. The main space – bedrooms and living room – are located in the north while the service spaces – bathroom and kitchen – are on the opposite side of the house. The design of the house as the client required should work as a tent, and as Glenn Murcutt stated, “It is a house where one goes to bed early and gets up at sunrise”1 . This is because of the light structure of the roof and the open north façade covered by glass, characteristics which bring the outside to the inside and reinforce Murcutt’s main concept in most of his designs: to make the building work as a filter between humans and the elements around them.

1(Glenn

FLOOR PLAN

ROOF DETAIL

ROOF SKETCH

Murcutt: A singular architectural practice, page 82)

1959-66: Salk Institute California, USA Arch. Luis Kahn

1960

1971: Neville Bonner becomes first aboriginal to be a member of the Australian Parliament

1970

1996-98: Dominus Winery California, USA Arch. Herzog and de Meuron

1982-86: Menil Collection Texas, USA Arch. Renzo Piano

1977: Sainsbury Center Norwich, England Arch. Norman Foster

1957-73: Sydney Opera House Sydney, Australia Arch. Jorn Utzon

NORTH NIGHT PERSPECTIVE

BLINDS DETAIL

1976: Kempsey Museum Kempsey, Australia Arch. Glenn Murcutt

1981-82: Fredericks House Jamberoo, Australia Arch. Glenn Murcutt

1990

1980

1973: The Sydney Opera House opens 1979: Philip Johnson wins first Pritzker

1989-91: Renzo Piano Workshop Genova, Italy Arch. Renzo Piano

1981: Asian immigration increases in Australia

2004: Seattle Public Library Seattle, USA Arch. Rem Koolhaas 2000

1988: Bicentenary, the new Parlamient House opens in Canberra

2002: Green Building Council of Australia committed to developing a sustainable property industry for Australia

Helí Pinillos / 03

SITE & CLIMATE :

SOUTH EAST VIEW

BINGIE ROAD

KELLYS ROAD

SOUTH WEST VIEW SOUTH WEST VIEW

500 miles

N

Bourke

Broken Hill

500’

NEW SOUTH WALES

SITE PLAN / SECTION

NORTH EAST VIEW

REGIONAL MAP

Sydney 125’

Canberra

CLIMATIC DESIGN PRIORITIES LOWER PRIORITY 4.Let the winter sun in 5.Protect from the cold winter winds

TOP PRIORITY 1. Allow natural ventilation to both cool and remove excess moisture in summer 2. Protect from the summer sun 3. Avoid creating additional humidity during the summer

80% 60% SOUTH COLD WIND

WIND DATA *Wind & Weather Reports N

N 18

N

N

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN

13o

20 JAN 12mph NE

FEB 10mph NE

04 / Helí Pinillos

18 MAR 12mph S

APR 10mph S

13o

10o

18o

o

o

MAY 8mph NW

30 JUN 12mph SSW

JUL 7mph WNW

o

27

AUG 10mph NW

40%

BIOCLIMATIC CHART

27o

o

14o

100%

BINGIE POINT

18o

20%

JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

o

SEP 13mph SSW

OCT 12mph NE

NOV 12mph NE

DEC 12mph NE

0o

10o

20o

30o

40o

50o

60o

70o

80o

90o

100o

110o 120o

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

COMFORTABLE PERIOD 34% 16% TOO HOT 50% TOO COLD

TEMPERATURE* 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

AFTERNOON MAX TEMP. AVG. DAILY TEMP. MORNING MIN. TEMP.

MACRO-CLIMATE The Magney House is located 158 miles south of Sydney and 8 miles from Moruya. The most significant feature is the topography of the site which is pronounced by a small hill, where there is almost no vegetation but just north there is small lake, which has a green landscape around its border. The Pacific Ocean is on the east side of the house which causes a strong breeze around the site and an average of 10 mp wind speed. The weather in Bingie Point is mostly warm in summer and cool in winter – 40 oF at its lowest point – although there is a lot of humidity which is always above 50%*

RANGE OF COMFORT TEMP.

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

*Bureau of Meteorology, Australian Government MICRO-CLIMATE

RELATIVE HUMIDITY* 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

AVG. MORNING HUM. AVG. AFTERNOON HUM.

RANGE OF COMFORT HUM.

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

WIND SPEED* 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

The house orientation is north, allowing northern sunlight to access the whole house from the front, while the back of the house is closed to prevent the cool wind in the winter from getting inside the house**. The house is totally exposed to the tough weather of the site which has no trees around to generate shadows or wind blocks. The house works as a shelter from the outside but tries to filter the outside weather to the inside, by controlling the light access with blinds on the front façade and by using bottom-hung vents along the south front. Set between the strip patent glazing and the apron wall beneath it, to provide ventilation through the house and verandah in summer. The roof design which offset around 4’ to allow ranking sunlight to penetrate the house in the winter, while shading living spaces from the midday sun in summer.

MEAN DAILY WIND SPEED

**Glenn Murcutt: a Singular Practice WIND SPEED FOR EFFECTIVE NATURAL VENTILATION

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

LOCAL TREE & VEGETATION

DEC

SUNSHINE* 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

SPINIFEX SERICEUS AVG. % OF DAYLIGHTS HOURS 31%

ILLAWARRA JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

DEGREE-DAYS* 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 200 400 600

HDD = 1,542

BLACKBUTT

CDD = 341

SHRUBLAND JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

Helí Pinillos / 05

HEAT LOSS & INSULATION

FLOOR PLAN

INTERIOR VIEW 8

2

5

2

4

4

3

4

3

6

7

1 7

6

13’

N

7’

0‘

10‘

20’

30’

40’

EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC 1 ROOM INFILTRATION HEAT LOSS CHART Wall 1 Wall 2 Wall 3 Window 1 Window 2 Window 3 Window 4 Window 5 Window 6 Window 7 Floor/ Slab Ceiling Door 1 Door 2 Door 3 Door 4 Door 5 Qinf= C x ACH x .018 Qinf= 29172 x .6 x .018 Qinf= 315.0576 btu/Fx Hr 06 / Helí Pinillos

Area 1201 199 199 9.8 353.6 721.5 487.5 156 156 156 4000.5 2762.5 20.4 20.4 20.4 20.4 105.3 Qtot= UA + Qinf Qtot= 5569 + 315.05 Qtot= 5884.6 btu/ Fx Hr

U- Value .155 .155 .29 .33 .33 .33 .33 .33 .33 1.042 .188 .34 .34 .34 .34 .34 Total UA

UA 130 4 11 3 117 238 161 51 51 51 4169 519 7 7 7 7 36 5569

Transmission 94% Loss= Infiltration 6% Loss=

1. Master Bedroom 2. Children Bedroom 3. Living Room 4. Dining Room

7 3/4/6

5. Entrance 6. Kitchen 7. Bathroom 8. Garage

4 3/4/6 2

7 2 8

ROOM TRANSMISSION HEAT LOSS Area

UValue

UA (btu/FxHr)

Wall 1

234

.27

5

Window

216

.33

71

Wall 2

247.5

.27

14

Window

175.5

.33

58

Door

21

.34

7

Wall 3

198

.167

23

Window 1

7.5

.33

3

Window 2

54

.33

18

Ceiling

450

.43

194

Floor/ Slab

432

1.042

450

Icmf = L x [(A x TD)+( B x V 2 )] 1/2

Total UA

843

Icmf = Lx[(.0156x10)+(.0092x252)]1/2

Qtr = A x U

Floor Area = 2,600 sq. ft.

Volume = 26,000 cu. ft.

HOUSE TRANSMISSION % SIMPLE INFILTRATION HEAT LOSS Ceiling Door (weather Stripped) Fire Place (damper open) Vents (Kitchen) Wall (Lightweight Concrete Block) Window (casement) Window (framing)

Qinf = I cmf x 1.08

L (in2/ ft2) .026 1.9 5.04 .8 .016 .12 .004

Icmf .0592 4.328 11.481 1.8224 .0364 .2734 .009 Total Q tot= UA + Q inf Transmission Heat Loss = Infiltration Heat Loss =

Qinf .6393 4.674 12.399 1.968 .0393 .2953 .00972 20.024 863.024 97% 3%

INSULATION PRODUCTS PINK FIBERGLASS R-30 LOOSER FILL

COCOON R-30 BLOWN

AEROSOL R-7 SORAY

ROCK WOOL R-4.35 BLOWN

WALL SECTION

FEFLECTIX R-1.1 to 17 ROLL

EXTERIOR INSULATION SUPER TUFF-R R-4 R-3.0 RIGID BOARD POLYISOCYANURATE

R-value at Insulation

COMFORT THERM R-13 ROLL

REFLECTIVE R-8.3 ROLL

STYROFOAM R-3 RIGID BOARD

INSULPINK R-7.5 RIGID BOARD

POLYURETHANE R-7 SPRAY

DUCT INSULATION R-3.0 ROLL

RIGID FIBERGLASS R-4.4 RIGID BOARD

PIPE WRAP TAPE R-2.1 ROLL

PIPE WRAP R-1.6 ROLL

R-value

at Framing

at Insulation

R-value

at Block

at Insulation

0.17 0.17

Outside Air Film

0.17 0.17 Outside Air Film

0.44 0.44

4” Brick

0.17 Outside Air Film

0.81 0.81 Wood Siding

1.32 1.32

1/2” Fiberboard Sheathing

0.81 Wood Siding

1.32 1.32 1/2” Fiberboard Sheathing

7.20 7.20

2“ Insulation

2.70

Perlite Fill

25.00 SIP

8” CMU Block

1.32 1/2“ Fiberboard Sheathing

19.00

Fiberglass Insulation 5.50 2x6 Wood Framing

1.11

1/2” Plywood Sheathing

0.45 0.45 1/2” Gypsum Board

0.45 0.45

1/2” Gypsum Board

0.45 1/2” Gypsum Board

0.68 0.68 Inside Air Film

0.68 0.68

Inside Air Film

0.68 Inside Air Film

22.43 8.93 Total

14.89 11.37 Total

28.43 Total

(80%/22.43) + (20%/8.93) = 0.036 + 0.022 = U = 0.058 Btu/Fh

(60%/14.89) + (40%/11.37) = 0.04 + 0.035 = U = 0.075 Btu/Fh

(100%/28.43) = 0.035 = U = 0.035 Btu/Fh

2x6 WOOD FRAME WITH BATT INSULATION AND HORIZONTALWOOD SIDING

8“ CMU WITH PERLITE FILL AND EXTERIOR MASONRY RAINSCREEN

6“ NOMINAL SIP WITH VENTED AIRSPACE AND HORIZONTAL WOOD SIDING Helí Pinillos / 07

ENVELOPE & FENESTRATION : Magney House - Bingie Point, Australia (1982-84) N N1 N2 N3

N4 N5 N6

N7 N8 N9

N10 N11 N12

N13 N14 N15

E1 E2

NORTH ELEVATION W1 W2 W3 W4

S1 S2 S3 S4

S41 S42 S43 S44

S9 S10 S11 S12

WEST ELEVATION

S13 S14 S15 S16

TOTAL AREA

GLAZING AREA

PERCENTAGE

1,325 sf

1,035 sf

78%

NORTH ELEVATION EAST ELEVATION

EAST ELEVATION

S5 S6 S7 S8

216 sf

155 sf

70%

SOUTH ELEVATION

1,154 sf

337 sf

30%

WEST ELEVATION

216 sf

55 sf

25%

S17 S18 S19 S20

S21 S22 S23 S24

FENESTRATION TABLE

0'

GLAZING

S25 S26 S27 S28

10'

S29 S30 S31 S32

20'

30'

S33 S34 S35 S36

S37 S38 S39 S40

S45 S46 S47 S48

SOUTH ELEVATION 0'

10'

40'

20'

30'

40'

ROOF PLAN

LENGTH

WIDTH

AREA

EX.SHADING

LENGTH

WIDTH

AREA

EX.SHADING

N1

4' 4"

18' 6-1/2"

80 sf

None

Clear

Fixed

W1

4' 4"

14' 5"

45 sf

None

Clear

Fixed

N2

6' 11"

9' 3-1/4"

64 sf

Horiz.

Clear

Slide

W2

7'

7' 4"

50 sf

Horiz.

Clear

Slide

N3

6' 11"

9' 3-1/4"

64 sf

Horiz.

Clear

Slide

W3

7'

7' 4"

50 sf

Horiz.

Clear

Slide

W4

3'

9' 3-1/4"

10 sf

None

Clear

Fixed

LENGTH

WIDTH

AREA

EX.SHADING

8 sf

None

OPERATION

*windows N1, N2 and N3 are typical with the rest of windows in the north elevation

E1

LENGTH

WIDTH

AREA

EX.SHADING

4' 4"

14' 5"

45 sf

None

E2

3'

9' 3-1/4"

10 sf

None

GLAZING Clear Clear

OPERATION

OPERATION Fixed Fixed

S1

3' 1"

2' 4"

*windows S2 to S48 are equal to window S1 in south elevation 08 / Helí Pinillos

GLAZING

GLAZING Clear

OPERATION Fixed

3'

DAILY SOLAR RADIATION, BTU/SQ FT

SOUTH GLAZING RADIATION GRAPAH

WINDOWS STANDARDS

CLEAR DAY SOLAR TRANSMITTED AT LAT 42

6'

2000 DOUBLE-HUNG WINDOW

HORIZONTAL

1800 1600 SOUTH

1400

EAST OR WEST

1200

PICTURE WINDOW

Center of Glass

5'

1000

Center of Glass

Air Leakage

800 600

4'

CONVECTION

400

2-1/2"

NORTH

2-1/2"

200 J A SUMMER

S

O

N

D J WINTER

F

M

A

M J SUMMER

Stationary Sash Frame Edge of Glass

MANUFACTURERS

GLAZING SURFACES

Sash Frame

U VALUE

http://www.marvin.com/default.aspx

OVERALL EDGE http://www.andersenwindows.com

CENTER

SHGC

VT

CENTER

SHGC

VT

FIXED

0.29

0.24

0.34

0.35

0.60

0.29

0.24

0.34

0.36

0.60

OVERALL EDGE

CASEMENT

0.30

0.25

0.35

0.32

0.56

0.30

0.25

0.35

0.34

0.55

DOBLE HUNG

0.33

0.28

0.38 MARVIN

0.30

0.30

0.33

0.28

0.38 PELLA

0.33

0.51

http://www.pella.com

http://www.kommerling.com

U VALUE

FIXED

0.29

0.24

0.34

0.36

0.60

0.30

0.25

0.35

0.36

0.60

CASEMENT

0.30

0.25

0.35

0.34

0.55

0.31

0.26

0.36

0.34

0.55

DOBLE HUNG

0.33

0.28

0.38

0.32

0.51

0.34

0.29

0.39

0.32

0.51

ANDERSEN

TERMS & DEFINITIONS

KÖMMERLING

NATIONAL FENESTRATION

SOLAR HEAT GAIN FACTOR .- An estimate used in calculating cooling loads of the heat gain due to transmitted and absorbed

Outer Surface of Outer Glass

SURFACE 3 SURFACE 4

solar energy through 1/8"–thick, clear glass at a specific latitude, time and orientation.

VISIBLE TRANSMITTANCE .- (VT) The ratio of visible light transmitted through a substance to the total visible light incident on its surface.

AIR SPACE

SUPER WINDOWS .- High-performance windows that has an insulating value of R-8.

AIR SPACE

SOLAR HEAT GAIN COEFFICIENT .- (SHGC) measures how well a window blocks heat from sunlight. Value ranges from 0 to 1.

HEAT MIRROR .- Low-emissivity coated film product suspended inside an insulating glass unit.

INSIDE

ALBEDO .- Albedo is the fraction of solar energy (shortwave radiation) reflected from the Earth back into space.

OUTSIDE

RATING COUNCIL .- (NFRC) provides accurate information to measure and compare energy performance of windows, doors and skylights.

SURFACE 1 SURCACE 2

Inner Surface for Double Glazing

SURFACE 5 SURFACE 6 Inner Surface for Triple Glazing

LOW-E GLASS .- A special coating that reduces the emissivity of a window assembly, thereby reducing the heat transfer through the assembly.

SHADING COEFFICIENT .- The ratio of solar heat gain through a specific glazing system to the total solar heat gain through a single layer of clear, double–strength glass.

Helí Pinillos / 09

SOLAR GEOMETRY : Magney House - Bingie Point, Australia (1982-84) Lat = -36.5o Lng = 150.1o

Garage SUN PATH DIAGRAM*

Living Room

Verandah Area

Living Room

Master Bedroom

N

330o

30o

60o

300o N

Bedrooms

st 1 Jul

1st Jun

LIVING AREAS

1st Aug 1st May

SITE PLAN st 1 Sep

THE MAGNEY HOUSE’S MAIN SPACES, SUCH AS THE LIVING ROOM AND BEDROOMS, ARE 270o ORIENTED NORTH TOWARD THE st STRONGEST SUNLIGHT DUE TO 1 Oct ITS LOCATION IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. THE ROOF IS SHAPED TO SUIT THE EQUINOX 1st Nov SUN ANGLE. BLINDS CLAD THE WHOLE NORTH FACADE TO CONTROL THE ACCESS OF 1st Dec LIGHT, ESPECIALLY DURING WINTER TIMES. IT WAS 240o IMPORTANT WHEN DESIGNING THE HOUSE TO BE ABLE TO SEE THE OUTSIDE. GLENN MURCUTT STATED “IT WAS IMPORTANT TO CARRY CLEAR GLAZING ABOVE THE DOORS IN ORDER TO SEE THE SKY AND OBSERVE THE WEATHER CHANGES”

13:00

12:00

11:00

14:00

16:00

90o

9:00

15:00

17:00

1st Apr 10:00 8:00

80o 7:00

6:00

60o

18:00

1st Mar

70o

1st Feb

50o 5:00

19:00

40o

st

1 Jan

120o

30o 20o 10o

210o

AVERAGE INCIDENT SOLAR RADIATION**

150o

*Sun Path Diagrams, <http://squ1.org/wiki/Sun_Path_Diagram.> **Table C.15 Average Insolation, (Stein, p.1523).

180o

SOUTH ELEVATION June 21st (Noon)

WEST ELEVATION June 21st (Noon)

NORTH ELEVATION June 21st (Noon)

EAST ELEVATION June 21st (Noon)

10 / Helí Pinillos

EXPOSURES & SHADING SERIES

SOLAR PROFILE

-43.8o

HSA: 42.5o VSA: 25.1o

-70.6o

HSA: VSA: 24.3o

HSA: VSA: -35.8o

HSA: -62.5o VSA: 54.7o

HSA: -90.9o VSA: -105.7o

HSA: -88.4o VSA: 88.6o

HSA: -110.7o VSA: -150.3zo

HSA: -1.0o VSA: 32.8o

JUNE HSA: 57.4o VSA: 54.9o HSA: -5.3o VSA: 55.2o

MARCH/SEP HSA: 86.3o VSA: 87.0o

HSA: -9.1o VSA: 79.7o

DEC

8:00 am

NOON

3:00 pm

6:00 pm

Helí Pinillos / 11

CONCLUSIONS: Magney House - Bingie Point, Australia (1982-84) Glenn Murcutt’s work is recognized because of his understanding of the environment and how his designs try to explore new skeletal frames as air movement. The Magney House is one of Murcutt’s bestknown buildings. Surrounded by an open landscape, views stretch far and wide, set on the brow of a hill. The strategies that should be mentioned are the orientation of the house to the north, a corridor oriented east-west that goes through all the living spaces, the roof shape to bring air and light inside the house, as a collector of water from the rain and a smart employment of materials used to build it.

There is a clear knowledge of form and performance applied by Murcutt in the Magney House and totally control of every detail. In my personal point of view I think that the design is so minimalistic, neat and pure, so in contact with nature that is hard to find a weakness in it. It pleases the eye. If there is something we can learn from it to be applied in Newark, it would be the fact that many houses spend not only money but a lot of energy on mechanical systems because there is a lack of development in the basic design. The Magney House shows what a sustainable building should be about, even if the scale or the context aren’t the same, the fact that Murcutt knows how to start the design of his buildings by solving functional or structural issues before going for the aesthetics of the building. Newark is city that has a lot of future and in order to develop in a prosperous and successful way architects have to aim for sustainable designs that will intoxicate not only the environment but its own society.

STEEL ROOF SHAPED TO LET AIR AND LIGHT GET INSIDE THE BUILDING

ALUMINUM BLINDS

STEEL ROOF DRAINAGE TO COLLECT WATER

Winter Dry Bulb Temperature: Summer Dry Bulb Temperature: Summer Wet Bulb Temperature: Average Rainfall: Average Snowfall:

AVG. MORNING HUM.

N

NEWARK, NJ AVERAGES** 9

38°F 76°F 61°F 44.0” 27.0”

o

8o 14o

AVG. AFTERNOON HUM.

RANGE OF COMFORT HUM.

RELATIVE HUMIDITY*

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

AFTERNOON MAX TEMP. MORNING MIN. TEMP.

TEMPERATURE*

RANGE OF COMFORT TEMP.

SUNSHINE*

AVG. % OF DAYLIGHTS HOURS 58%

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

*“Wind & Weather Reports.” Windfinder. 16 Dec. 2007 http://www.windfinder.com/windstats/windstatistic ** “Weather for your World.” My Forecast. 16 Dec. 2007 http://www.myforecast.com/bin/welcome.m 12 / Helí Pinillos

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Text & Periodicals *Bobenhausen, William. Simplified Design of HVAC Systems. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1994. *Lechner, Norbert. Heating, Cooling, Lighting. New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2001. *The Best of Fine Homebuilding - Energy Efficient Building. Newtown, Conn: Taunton P, 1999. 27. *Murcutt, Glenn. Glenn Murcutt: a Singular Architectural Practice. Australia: Images Dist a/C, 2002. *Fromonot, Francoise. Glenn Murcutt : Buildings + Projects, 1962-2003. London ; New York: Thames & Hudson, 2003. *E.M.Farrely. Three Houses: Glenn Murcutt Architecture in Detail (Paperback). Australia: Phaidon P; New Edition, 2002.

Websites & Wikis *"Climates." Bureau of Metereology. Australian Government. 03 Oct.-Nov. 2007 <http://www.bom.gov.au/>. *"Wind & Weather Reports." Windfinder. 03 Oct.-Dec. 2007 <http://www.windfinder.com/>. *“Weather for your World.” My Forecast. 03 Oct. - Dec. 2007 <http://www.myforecast.com/bin/welcome.m> *Table C.15 Average Insolation, (Stein, p.1523). *Sun Path Diagrams, <http://squ1.org/wiki/Sun_Path_Diagram.> *Nebraska Government, <http://www.neo.ne.gov/statshtml/glossarys.htm.> *NFRC, <http://www.nfrc.org/> *Pella Windows, <http://www.pella.com/> *Marvin Windows, <http://www.marvin.com/> *Anderson Windows, <http://www.andersenwindows.com/> *Kommerling, <http://www.koemmerling.de/> Softwares *Google Earth *Ecotect *Ecotect Weather Tool *Autocad 2007 *3ds Max 9 *Sketchup *Adobe Illustrator

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