UNDERSTANDING CATARACTS IN DOGS

CAUSES, SYMPTOMS, AND TREATMENT OPTIONS

Cataracts are a common eye condition in dogs that can lead to decreased vision and potentially blindness if left untreated. This condition occurs when the eye's lens becomes cloudy, preventing light from passing through and impairing the dog's ability to see clearly. It is essential for dog owners to understand the causes, symptoms, and available treatment options to ensure their furry friends maintain a good quality of life.

WHAT ARE CATARACTS?

A cataract is an opacity in the eye's normally clear lens. The lens functions much like a camera lens, focusing light on the retina at the back of the eye to produce clear images. When a cataract forms, it scatters the light as it passes through the lens, leading to blurred or hazy vision.

CAUSES OF CATARACTS

Cataracts can develop for several reasons in dogs:

• Genetic predisposition: Certain breeds, including Cocker Spaniels, French Poodles, Siberian Huskies, and Labrador Retrievers, are genetically predisposed to cataracts.

• Age: Just like humans, dogs can develop cataracts simply due to ageing.

• Diabetes: Diabetic dogs are particularly susceptible to cataracts. High blood sugar levels can alter the metabolism of the cells in the lens, leading to cataracts.

• Trauma: Injury to the eye can lead to cataract formation.

• Others: Conditions like uveitis or retinal degeneration can also contribute to cataract development.

SYMPTOMS OF CATARACTS

The most noticeable symptom of cataracts is a cloudy or bluish-grey covering over the pupil. Other signs can include:

CHANGE IN EYE COLOUR: A noticeable whitish layer in the eye.

CLUMSINESS: A dog may bump into furniture or walls as vision decreases.

RELUCTANCE TO CLIMB STAIRS OR JUMP ON FURNITURE: Poor vision might make a dog hesitant to perform activities that require good depth perception.

CHANGES IN EYE APPEARANCE: Besides cloudiness, you might notice signs of redness or constant squinting.

ARE CATARACTS PAINFUL?

Cataracts themselves are not typically painful for dogs. The clouding of the lens, which defines a cataract, does not cause pain. However, the condition can lead to discomfort or secondary issues that might result in pain or other symptoms. For example, if a cataract is left untreated, it can sometimes lead to lens-induced uveitis, where the body's immune response to the cataract progresses causes inflammation can be painful and redness, swelling, and increased cataracts can lead to glaucoma, attention to manage the pressure Owners need to seek veterinary shows signs of discomfort, such as pawing at the eye, squinting, These symptoms could indicate or a different eye issue entirely. treated early, potentially saving

DIAGNOSIS

Diagnosing cataracts involves a thorough eye examination by a vet, often with the help of a veterinary opthalmologist. The examination will usually include tests to assess the health of the eye, including the retina and may involve an ultrasound or electroretinography.

TREATMENT OPTIONS

Treatment for cataracts primarily involves surgical removal of the cloudy lens. The procedure typically includes replacing the lens with an artificial one and restoring vision. Surgery is highly effective, with a good prognosis in many cases. Non-surgical management focuses on monitoring the progression of the cataracts, treating any underlying conditions like diabetes, and maintaining the dog's quality of life with safety modifications around the home.

WILL MY DOG GO BLIND?

If cataracts occupy less than 30% of the lens or only one lens is affected, cataracts rarely cause diminished vision. However, visual impairment becomes apparent when the opacity covers about 60% of the total lens area. If the opacity progresses to 100% of the lens, the dog will be blind in the affected eye. However, whether the cataract remains static or progresses will depend on the type of cataract, the breed and other risk factors.

PREVENTION

While not all cataracts can be prevented, especially those due to genetics or ageing, managing diabetes effectively and protecting your dog's eyes from trauma can minimise the risk.

TAKE HOME MESSAGE

Cataracts can significantly affect a dog's quality of life, but with appropriate veterinary care, many dogs continue to live full and happy lives post-diagnosis. Regular checkups, prompt treatment of underlying conditions, and considering surgical options when appropriate can help manage this common condition.