UNDERSTANDING THE 5 FREEDOMS

IN DOGS

The ‘Five Freedoms’ is a concept developed by the Farm Animal Welfare Council (FAWC) in the United Kingdom and serves as a framework for better understanding and promoting the welfare of animals. While initially created for farm animals, the principles of the Five Freedoms have been applied to various animals, including dogs. The Five Freedoms are:

1. FREEDOM FROM HUNGER AND THIRST

• Dogs should have access to a well-balanced and nutritious diet that meets their dietary needs.

• Dogs should have access to clean, fresh water at all times to prevent dehydration.

2. FREEDOM FROM DISCOMFORT

• Dogs should live in an environment that provides adequate shelter and protection from the elements.

• They should have a comfortable resting area that meets their needs.

3. FREEDOM FROM PAIN, INJURY, OR DISEASE

• Dogs should receive prompt veterinary care when they are ill or injured.

• Measures should be taken to prevent and control diseases and injuries.

4. FREEDOM TO EXPRESS NORMAL BEHAVIOUR

Dogs should have enough space and proper facilities to allow them to exhibit normal behaviours, such as stretching, grooming, and playing.

They should have opportunities for mental stimulation and social interaction.

5. FREEDOM FROM FEAR AND DISTRESS

• Dogs should live in an environment that avoids mental suffering. This includes avoiding situations that cause fear, anxiety or distress.

• Adequate handling, socialisation, and positive reinforcement should be part of a dog’s daily interactions.

Applying the Five Freedoms to dogs means ensuring that their physical, mental, and emotional needs are met.

Responsible dog ownership involves providing proper nutrition, a safe and comfortable living environment, veterinary care, opportunities for mental and physical stimulation and a life as free from mental stressors as possible. Implementing the Five Freedoms well involves understanding and respecting the natural behaviours of dogs, and allowing them to express themselves in ways that are appropriate for their species.

These principles are foundational to the humane treatment of dogs, whether they are companion animals, working dogs, or those in a shelter or rescue setting. Advocates for animal welfare often use the Five Freedoms as a guideline to assess and improve the wellbeing of dogs and other animals in various contexts.