BORDER TOPOLOGIES
HUA LI 2016-2017 PORTFOLIO OF SEMESTER 1&2 THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD
BRIEF I am so lucky that I have joined Border Topologies Studio. This studio is lead by Dr Nishat Awan, Dr Krysztof and Aya Musmar. Our studio aims to explore architecture’s relationship with border geographies. In a context where unprecedented numbers of people are on the move across the world due to war, climate change and poverty, how can architectural design help in our response to this increasingly urgent situation? In the first semester, we used different ways to map various border space. Mapping as a mean method to help us understand the functions and characteristics of different types borders. I was in a big group which include seven people in the first semester; we can participate two projects, fortunately. We focus on both UK Border Practices and Turkey & Greece Border research. In the process of this research in semester one, I am keeping asking myself what the relationship between architectural and borders is, what we can help to improve this issues we found in border research. In the beginning, there is no answer to me, only confusion. As the research work, some ideas about border questions in my mind became clear. In this portfolio, semester 1 part as a recording of my thinking in this semester, like an enjoying trip in my life. In the second semester, we made a field trip as an opportunity to feel the border materialities. Individually, I think all the field trip, research, models, scenario games, designs in this semester around different borders we can think. That is because the UK border research make me more sensitive to borders. Thanks my tutors Dr. Nishat Awan, Dr Krysztof, and Aya Musmar help me got an excellent academic reseach experience.
CONTENT SEMESTER 1 01 U.K. Border Practices
08-21
Invisible Borders Data & Biometric The Hidden Border - I.R.C.
02 Turkey & Greece Border
22-23
Why is border here? The stories about the border Life jackets
SEMESTER 2 01 Group Worl-Border Materialities
32-55
Field Trip Scenario Game Model Design strategy
02 Individual Design-Border “Break“
56-71
LIVE PROJECT - GREENHILL LIBRARY
72-75
SEMESTER 1
01 UK Border Practices Invisible Borders Data & Biometric Borders Hidden Border - I.R.C
This project - UK Border Practices- need us focus on the dispersed border. Where the effects of the border can be felt across a whole territory and not just at the physical border. In our group, we started with looking for the invisible border from ourself journey to UK. Trying to identify the whole border or the specific borders which we did not find when we face them. To think the border in different scales. In this research we used the way to study down to up, from the details to the country. How the effects of the UK border work to us, and when we begin to be effect that we did not felt it. We have found a series of invisible borders in our journey to UK, and some of them still works on ourself, they never leaves but always keep invisible. In the big scale, we use the UK invisible effects to re-build the border, to identify UK border. Then we found that how the country works in this way.
"Open to business but closed to terrorists and traffickers." – Chris Rumford
Looking for the invisible borders... At the beginning of our research, we can not really understand the invisible borders of UK. Maybe we have some ideas, but they were not very clear for us to talking and expressing. So, we choose a simple but useful way to start our research -mapping our own journeys. There are something we expect to find by our journey-mapping. It is the time we are using to come to U.K. and the different details in our journey. Cause we have a big group which include 7 people, and come from 4 different countries, which means that we may have different journeys and it may took us different time to come U.K.
CAS Hua
CAS Lakshmi
CAS Pooya
Ebru
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Time: 23 hours
Time: 16 hours
Time: 10 hours
Time: 3 hours
Visualised the invisible borders... When we are looking for invisible borders in our journey to UK, we found some different details in our mapping. For examples, the geographic distance, the time we use on flights, the procedures of application for Visa, the way we gone in U.K. airports... For us, that is the invisible borders, the different parts is also the way U.K. can make sure our identity, our purposes again and again. Only after that U.K. can give us promotion, cause we can bring benefit not troubles to this country.
11
Why do we chose to come to the UK? After mapping our journeys, we have found some differences between us. These can be defined as Invisible Borders of UK. Then we asked ourself, what is about the similar parts of our journey? Why do we choose to come to the UK? We decide to re-map our journey again, and try to find the answer...
Shakespeare, the famous universities, BBC radio, the dramas, luxury goods, the English Premier League, pop-music, even daily necessities, English language... All this likes an invisible hand reach around the world, and brings us to the UK, not other countries. Using the effects created UK border.
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"Open to business but closed to terrorists and traffickers." – Chris Rumford The country, also likes a machine, makes its effects as the various border in the whole world. Keeping to attract people come to the UK, or build the relationship to the UK, bring their business, money, knowledge and anything useful to the UK. The country got more, and it becomes more powerful to disperse its effects to the world and bring back more. It likes a circle.
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UK Border Airport & Data
Airports are spaces accessed to begin or end a journey. Their roles at the end become more critical to our investigation because it signifies the entry or non-entry into the UK. To access these spaces legally and successfully, people must meet a certain set standard. This process of meeting the standard takes longer for some than for others. Airports are sterile zones where the identity of an individual becomes the documents he/she carries. (Esp. The passport). All individuals become bar-codes and numbers on passports. Because the information obtained from these documents that are so thoroughly vetted becomes a part of a largely invisible, intangible database that determines who is allowed to become a citizen and who shall remain a non-citizen and how long someone is detained in the country. - DATABASE We all become dots in these databases, not as whole individuals but as parts of an information system. And this information system is responsible for setting the very same rules and standards that we must meet before we arrive. At this part of our research, the border is not just open to business. It starts to refuse some people, they can not come into UK.
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15
UK Border
The Hidden - I.R.C
“In the UK, IRCs are split between purpose-built facilities and re-used former prisons. Both kinds rely on prison design.� - Excerpt from Post by Mary Bosworth, Centre for Criminology, University of Oxford
16
Statistics
17
The Hidden Border... I.R.C (Immigration Removal Centre), belongs to The British Home Office. Immigration removal centers are holding centers for foreign nationals awaiting decisions on their asylum claims or awaiting deportation following a failed application. Immigration Removal Centers are a manifestation of the border itself - they’re the space between inside the UK and outside the UK. Due to this, the same laws that apply within the UK, don’t apply anymore. The lines between lawful & unlawful become fuzzy to the point that it becomes a question of human rights. On a street level, they’re barely visible from the roads around and Google Street Views does not offer street views from the roads immediately around these IRCs.
Located Near Airport
Brook House, Gatwick
18
Tinsley House, Gatwick
Hammondsworth & Colnbrook, Heathrow
Dungavel House, South Lanarkshire
Camps Oxf
sfield House, fordshire
Inaccessible & Remotely Located
Yarl'swood, Bedfordshire
The Verne, Dorset
Larne House, Antrim
Morton Hall, Lincolnshire
19
THE OUTDOOR – Trapped “In each outdoor area, however, even the sky feels curtailed.” Tinsley House and Brook House IRCs, built so close to the runway at Gatwick that the rumble of taking off is audible, have little of note to see.” - Excerpts from Post by Mary Bosworth, Centre for Criminology, University of Oxford
THE CORRIDOR – Net & Railing Although the center – which is built to the same standards as a category B prison – is designed to hold detainees for no more than 72 hours, the report says the average time spent in Brook House is three months...... Its design as a short-term holding center meant there was an insufficient activity or education facilities.” - Excerpt from the Guardian
THE ROOM “In the UK, IRCs are split between purpose-built facilities and re-used former prisons. Both kinds rely on prison design.” - Excerpt from Post by Mary Bosworth, Centre for Criminology, University of Oxford
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02 Turkey-Greece Border Why the border here? The stories related the border Life Jeckets
In a place where the physical border is not the place of conflict, we first need to identify where the border arises and how this zone becomes an area of conflict. Turkey-Greece Border is a displaced border. As one important entrance to Europe, lots refugee choose this border to cross. Why so many people choose there to cross? What happed there? What is happening there? What we can do for them? That’s all the question, we are trying to figure out in our research. In this project, we have used different way to researh, we use the data/information we cloccted from different parts. The research is from the up to down. Not like UK border, in this project we firstly focuse on the whole country, the cities, then the city, the refugees, and stories... Then choose the interesting part and more important part to continue our research. At the end of this research, we focuse on the lifejeckets use the very detials thing to presente our research.
"(Money) It is there to be contested, to become the target of fierce criticism, to be made invisible, or turned into an object of loathing." -Evthymios Papataxiarchis
Where is the border we want to research... Turkey and Greece, there are lots of stories between the two countries. At the beginning we learned the history from one of our group mates - Ebru, who come from Turkey but her family was living in Greece. This project is about the relationship between social behaviors and the physical borders. We start from mapping the physical borders, histories, events happened in these year. Want to find the border related to our topic.
Istanbul
Thessaloniki
GREECE
Lesvos
TURKEY Izmir
Samos Athens
SYRIA
Hama
Damascus
Places that being stayed Place that being stopped Muhammad’s Journey Muhammad’s Family Journey
24
Place ( Radius- Km)
N
500
WS
Peaceful
(nothing special)
Aspida
C
Syrian Civil War Frontex Attica
Gr ee
400
A B
EU support against immigrants
ce
300
Cyprus Issue
100 200
Event of September 6-7
0
Ottoman Empire
Turkey
100
Ballca Pact Agreement
W
World War I
300 200
Xenios Zeus
Poseidon
garia Bul
Renewal Poseidon
WN
Move by
Event 3
Barriers(check points) Events
600
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
1909 1914 1919 1924 1929 1934 1939 1944 1949 1954 1959 1964 1969 1974 1979 1989 1994 1999 2004 2009 2011
S
A
Time
Islands
Agents
Ports Mytilini (Lesvos)
Lesvos
Ayvalik Chios
Cesme
Chios
Vathy Pythagorio
Samos
Kusadasi Turgutreis
Agathonisi
Bodrum
Leros
Kos
Kalymnos
Marmaris Fethiye
Kos
Rhodes Athens
Symi
0
40,000
80,000
120,000
160,000
200,000
300,000
500,000
Rhodes
?
Arrivals During February 2015 30,531
573,625
13,144
146,507
4,367
113,446
Unavailable 3,661
?
Total Arrivals since Jan 2015
Unavailable
Migration Crisis in Greece Islands
Unavailable ___ Unavailable
1,181
___
<2,255
___
<2,255
___
25
Turkey & Greece Border The stories related the border
26
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Usage of “ Life Jackets ”
Destiny of “ Life Jackets ”
Turkey & Greece Border Life Jeckets
Left
AYVALIK LESVOS DIKILI
Lifejackets are crucial to stay alive while crossing the sea, but not every jacket can make it happen.
Thousands of lifejackets have been dumped near the village of Molyvos by thousands of migrants making the boat jou
Some volunteers have built symbolic christmas treeswith lifejackets to sensitize the community and
Dead Zones These routes are usual path ways for sailing between Greece and Turkey. many migrants lost their lives in these area.
28
Locat propo 1) dingh lifejac Collec
2) count “The mate it’s ve Short Long and lo Other Canva Foam
ackets ”
jackbeen the os by of g the
Recycling Location: Lesvos (People from different groups proposed different methods to reuse lifejackets) 1) dinghies-backpack, temporary shelter lifejacket- ribbons raisefunds by Markers Unite Collective 2) counterfeit lifejacket “The actual nylon which encases the floating material, once it’s exposed to sun and seawater, it’s very difficult to reuse.” Short term- workshop-produce-bags Long term-produce things to sell to fund refugees and locals Other possibilities Canvas from jackets to Laptop and phone cases Foam to furniture
Installation Weiwei Installation
Five-Columns Installation
Chinese artist Ai Weiwei has arranged 1,005 life jackets from refugees into the shape of lotus flowers for a floating installation in Vienna."The life vests draw attention to the uncertain fate of the refugees who wore them, the lotus flower symbolises purity and longevity, and the F is a reoccurring and provocative motif in Ai's oeuvre."
The five-columns of Berlin’s Konzerthaus concert hall have taken on a bright orange hue in a new work by Ai Weiwei (featured previously). The installation uses 14,000 discarded life jackets from refugees who landed on the Greek Island of Lesbos after a treacherous voyage across the Mediterranean Sea from Turkey.
NewYork Installation
London Installation
Refugee lifejackets in eerie London ‘graveyard’ display Video production company, Snappin’ Turtle Productions came up with the idea and were supported by refugee organizations. Of the 2,500 lifejackets, more than 600 were used by children to cross the sea. The jackets were collected from the Greek island of Chios where refugees crossed the sea from Turkey.
Chinese artist Ai Weiwei has arranged 1,005 life jackets from refugees into the shape of lotus flowers for a floating installation in Vienna."The life vests draw attention to the uncertain fate of the refugees who wore them, the lotus flower symbolises purity and longevity, and the F is a reoccurring and provocative motif in Ai's oeuvre."
"(Money) It is there to be contested, to become the target of fierce criticism, to be made invisible, or turned into an object of loathing." -Evthymios Papataxiarchis
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SEMESTER 2
01 Group WorkField Trip Scenario Game Model Design strategy
After the study of borders in last semester, we begin to understand the border. It could be a filter to classify different people by certain conditions. Sometimes, it likes a tool of the country to the operation of this political machine. Sometimes, it likes a protection to avoid the dangerous. Sometimes, it likes a wall cut off the relationship between people. It could be both visible and invisible. It is everywhere whether you know it or not. In this semester, we used our field trip as an opportunity to feel the power of border with our understanding of border, which we learned from last semester. We will focus on the daily life and the governance in Zaatari refugee camps and look for the visible and invisible borders which could influence their life. At the end of our semester, we will use architecture knowledge to try to improve their life by our design.
To Feel the border materialities in our Field Trip The field trip plays a vital role, as it allows pupils to experience (architectural) space through their own movement, their senses and in a real environment. (Batic,2011) Our research began with a field trip to Jordan. During our field trip, we visited three big camps which include Irbid, Zaatari, and Azraq. By visiting this three camps we have a chance to get the information from local people in the real environment, and to feel the border materialities. Each camp has its own unique characteristics. These three camps are here, telling their own narrations and waiting for us to hear.
Irbid is one of the earliest established camps in Jordan. It was one of four camps established for refugees who left Palestine as a result of the 1948 Arab-Israeli war.
Zaatari camp is one of the biggest refugee camps for Syria refugees. It hosts 80,000 Syrians who have been forced to flee the war in Syria.
34
Azraq refugee camp is one of the newest refugee camps. It opened in April 2014.
â&#x20AC;&#x153;For those who pass it without entering, the city is one thing; it is another for those who are trapped by it and never leave. There is the city where you arrive for the first time; and there is another city which you leave never to return.â&#x20AC;? (Calvino,1978).
35
Research Method walking
Field trip routes in Zaatari 2017-02-06 Reaserch Route 2017-02-07 Reaserch Route
Walk Along
Walking as a research method We choice Zaatari refugee camp as our main research site. By using different types of walking as our main research method to read the camp, to feel the environment, to get the visible and invisible information from the refugee camp.
Walk Across
36
Walk Into
Materialities
Informations collected
Daily life in camp
People in camp
Materials in camp
Public space in camp
Infrastructure
37
Scenario Game Actor Cards Design
After our field trip, we designed a scenario game. We used scenario game as a design method for a more indepth understanding of the refugee camp, predict what will happen in the future. Scenario game is also a kind of architecture experimentation. We used the information, which we got from the field trip to designed our scenario game. We used scenario game to re-analysis our understanding of Zaatari camp and try to find something we are interesting to develop. The experimentation help us to find the things we want to do more research and design. At the same time, we rethink our project with spatial,social and ecnomic view to re-examine the everyday life of refugee and the issues of governance in Zaatari refugee camp.
Actor Cards Design ءالع
Alaa
Name: Alaa Age:35 Gender: Male Nationality: Syrian Family: Lost his wife & 3 chidren in Syrian Civil War Job: Full-time worker in recycling center Education: Junior high school graduation Income: 60JOD/month
Basic Information: include the age, gender, nationality, family members, job condition.
مسالا: ءالع رمعلا: 35 ركذ ةيسنجلا: ةيروسلا ةرسألا: و هتجوز دقف3 يف لافطألاب ةصاخلا ةيروسلا ةيلهألا برحلا ةفيظولا: ريودتلا ةداعإ زكرم يف لماك ماودب لماع ميلعتلا: ةيوناثلا ةسردملا نم جرختلا روينوج لخدلا: 60JOD / رهشلا Note: Alaa was a very luky father in Syrian untill the war taken off his chidren and wife. But he never give up the life. When he came into Zaatri refugee camp after a long journey, he have to settle down, and begain his new life.
Background: The stories of actor’s background and his potential demands. All the information based on our field trip research.
Cause he was working in a factory as a worker, now he got a job in the recycling center. Please do not ask the story of Alaa in Syria, let the man just move on his life. Health
Money
Influence & Power
ACTOR 1
ACTOR 1
Score Table: Based on different backgrounds of actors, we creat a given score table. When player playing with this arctor, the score will changed by different events basic on this initial score.
Happiness
Education & Skills
ACTOR 2
ACTOR 4
ACTOR 3
Actor Cards Hasna
ءانسح
Name: Tarek Age: 45 Gender: Male Nationality: Syrian Family: A wife and 2 kids Job: A sweet shop owner Education: High school graduation Income: 30JOD/month مسالا: قراط رمعلا: 45 ركذ ةيسنجلا: ةيروسلا ةرسألا: لافطألاو ةجوزلا2 ةفيظولا: تايولحلا لحم بحاص ميلعتلا: ةيوناث ةسردم جرخت لخدلا: 30JOD / رهشلا
مسالا: ءانسح رمعلا: 57 ىثنأ عونلا ةيسنجلا: ةيروسلا ةرسألا: ةديفحو دحاو نبا ةفيظولا: ايروس يف ىطسولا ةقبطلا ناك، اهيدل ةليمج ةقيدح. لخدلا: 20 JOD / رهشلا
ACTOR 5
دبع
Abdul
قراط
Tarek Name: Hasna Age:57 Gender: Female Nationality: Syrian Family: One son and a granddaughter Job: was a middle class in Syria, have a beautiful garden. Income: 20JOD/month
ACTOR 6
Note: Hasna was a tailor in Syria. She have a good income before. She was living in a house with a beatiful garden in Syria. When she came to Zaatri refugee camp and got a shelter, she begain to make a garden in her place. She is very skillful woman, and really know the important of education to her ACTOR 1 granddaughter. She even make space from kichen to help his granddaughter have a ' study room'.
ACTOR 1
ACTOR 2
ACTOR 1
ACTOR 1
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Influence ACTOR 5 1 ACTOR 2 & Power ACTOR
مسالا: دبع رمعلا: 45 ركذ ةيسنجلا: ةيروسلا ةرسألا: امهلفطو هتجوزو هتدلاو عم شيعلا ةفيظولا: ةيموكحلا ريغ تامظنملا نيب ةلصو نيئجاللاو ميلعتلا: ةيوناثلا ةسردملا نم جرختلا لخدلا: 70JOD / رهشلا
NGO
Education & Skills ACTOR 3
تعفر
Rifat Name: Noreen Age:35 Gender: Male Nationality: Syrian Family: Has 2 kids. Lives with them and her husband. Job: None Education: BA in Home Science Income: 20 JoD/month مسالا: نيرون رمعلا: 35 ركذ ةيسنجلا: ةيروسلا ةلئاعلا: هيدل2 لافطأ. اهجوزو مهعم شيعي. ةفيظولا: ءيش ال ميلعتلا: ةيسيئرلا مولعلا يف سويرولاكب لخدلا: 20 رانيد/ رهش
Alaa
Name: Rifat Age: 50 Gender: Male Nationality: Syrian Family: a wife and a child Job: Peddler with a donkey Education: Junior high school graduation Income: 25 JOD/month مسالا: تعفر رمعلا: 50 ركذ ةيسنجلا: ةيروسلا ةرسألا: ةيلهألا برحلا يف هتلئاع عم عطق ةيروسلا ةفيظولا: رامح عم لوجتم عئاب ميلعتلا: ةيوناثلا ةسردملا نم جرختلا روينوج لخدلا: 25 رانيد/ رهش
Money
Influence ACTOR 1 ACTOR 6& Power
ACTOR 4
Education ACTOR 2 & Skills NGO
Name: Alaa Age:35 Gender: Male Nationality: Syrian Family: Lost his wife & 3 chidren in Syrian Civil War Job: Full-time worker in recycling center Education: Junior high school graduation Income: 60JOD/month مسالا: ءالع رمعلا: 35 ركذ ةيسنجلا: ةيروسلا ةرسألا: و هتجوز دقف3 يف لافطألاب ةصاخلا ةيروسلا ةيلهألا برحلا ةفيظولا: ريودتلا ةداعإ زكرم يف لماك ماودب لماع ميلعتلا: ةيوناثلا ةسردملا نم جرختلا روينوج لخدلا: 60JOD / رهشلا
Note:
Note:
Note:
Abdul was born from a poor family in Syrian. He graduated from primary school and changed a lot of job. Before the war, he just lost his job in the factory.
Moved to camp with husband and 2 kids 4 years ago. She is well educated and good at communication. She aspires to travel the world.
Rifat is a man who has a wife and a child. However, his income just enough to maintain the daily life of his family.
In the camp, he is a famous guy. He is easy going and friendly. Now he likes his new job and have an ambitious planning about the future. He lives with his mother, wife and their son, he feels satisfied ACTOR although he is always3 too busy.
Very attached to her children. She wants them to be fully educated.
Alaa was a very luky father in Syrian untill the war taken off his chidren and wife. But he never give up the life. When he came into Zaatri refugee camp after a long journey, he have to settle down, and begain his new life.
Both husband and wife don’t have jobs or any other source of income in the camp. ACTOR 1 ACTOR 4She is willing to find gainful employment
Health
Happiness
ءالع
Note:
Health
Happiness
نيرون
Although he just had the education of junior high school, he is hard-working and modify his cart. Travelling silently from place to place trying to sell small objects is the only way to earn money and no one would care what thing he actally sells. ACTOR 1
to support her family.
Health
Money
Noreen
Name: Abdul Age:45 Gender: Male Nationality: Syrian Family: Live with his mother, wife and their child Job: The link between NGO and refugee Education: Primary school graduation Income: 70JOD/month
Money
Influence & Power
ACTOR 3
Education & Skills ACTOR 1
Money
Influence ACTOR 4 & Power ACTOR 1
ACTOR
Please do not ask the story of Alaa in Syria, let the man just move on his life. Health
Health
Happiness
Cause he was working in a factory as a worker, now he got a job in the recycling ACTOR 2 center. ACTOR 3
Happiness
Education & Skills ACTOR 5
Money
Influence ACTOR 2 & Power ACTOR 1
Health
Happiness
ACTOR 6
Education & Skills ACTOR ACTOR31
Money
Influence NGO & Power
Happiness
ACTOR ACTOR42
Education & Skills
ACTOR 3
Scenario Game
Agent Cards Design
Agents Cards Design Sandstorm ةيلمر ةفصاع
Effects: 1) Shelters get damaged 2) Electrical lines can get destroyed. For NGO: Needs to spend 1 UoM to repair electrical lines/ can support poor families with shelters For Refugees: Health decreases if 1 UoM is not spent on repairing shelter.
Drought ةيلمر ةفصاع
Effects: 1) Water resources decrease. 2) Without extra water, health decreases. For NGO: Can spend 1 units of money (UoM) on creating a water tank in one district. (1 UoM per Effects: district) / can do nothing 1) Health at risk
Disease ضرم
2) Health Camps required For Refugees: Health decreases by 1 unit if NGO does nothing. Health doesn't decrease if family has For NGO: harvested rain water. Extra health camp can be provided. 2 UoM per health camp. One health camp can help Effects: 4 neighbouring districtsdrains. Can lead to diseases in next round. 1) Flooding of sewage 2) Relief from heat. For Refugees: 1 UoM per family needs to be spent to protect health. If not, health decreases by 2 units For NGO: & happiness 1 unit. Can spend 3 by units of money (UoM) on closing the drains / 1 UoM on cleaning the streets Effects: /1)can do Healthnothing at risk (refugees lose health in the next round)
Rainstorm ةيرطم ةفصاع Snowstorm ةيجلثلا ةفصاعلا
For For Refugees: NGO: Health decreases in next Can decide what to do round if NGO does nothing. Can spend 1 UoM on rainwater harvesting to protect themselves from drought. Happiness increases by 1 unit. Effects: For Refugees: 1) Shelters get damaged Extra heating/Insulation UoM) needs to be bought to save health of family. If not, 2) Electrical lines can get(1 destroyed. health and happiness decrease by 1 unit.
Sandstorm ةيلمر ةفصاع
For NGO: Needs to spend 1 UoM to repair electrical lines/ can support poor families with shelters For Refugees: Health decreases if 1 UoM is not spent on repairing shelter.
Narture Agency Card Media exposure هيمالعإ هيطغت
Camp gets media exposure and NGO gains 3 UoM
Move (Accident) )ثداوحلا( لقن
For Refugees: Refugee loses shelter due to accident. 1. Refugees need to discuss and ask the NGO if they have needs. Only one request can be granted. For NGO:
Become a leader ةدئار حبصت
For Refugees: Refugee who picks the card gets 3 units of power. 1. Refugee's house is moved to another district free of cost but refugee loses 1 unit of happiness. For NGO:
For NGO: 1. Can decide what to do with it.
1. Loses 1 UoM.
N/A
A family get a kid لفط ىلع لوصحلا ةلئاع
For Refugees: Person whowho picks the the cardcard getsgets a new kid. of power which can be used to become a 1. Refugee picks 3 units leader or exchanged with aspiring leaders. Happiness of refugee increases by 1 unit. For NGO: 1.Not valid if NGO has implemented family planning before this
Minor Accident طيسب ثداح
Refugee drawing the card has had his/her shelter damaged by fire. For Refugees: 1. Person who picks the card gets a new kid. Money decreases by 1 unit after each For NGO: round if parent is umemployed. 1. Can choose to help refugee.
Permission to leave ةرداغمل نذإ
For Refugees: Refugee who picks the card gets permission to leave the camp temporarily. 1. Refugee must spend 1 UoM for repairs.
Move (Choice) )رايتخالا( لقن
For Refugees: Refugee finds a relative in another district of the camp! 1. Refugee who picks the card skips a round, get 1 unit of happiness and 2 UoM.
For NGO: N/A
For NGO: N/A For Refugees: 1. If refugee has more than 5 UoM, he/she must spend 1 UoM and relocate to district of choice. Refugee gains 1 unit of happiness.
Accident Cards 24 hour electricty 24 ءابرهكلا ةعاس Public Place Created نوكم ماعلا ناكم Water Tanks Created ةأشنملا هايملا تانازخ Electricity Shortage ءابرهكلا صقن Cash For Work Program Stopped فقوتم لمعلا لباقم دقنلا جمانرب
Effects: NGO gets a new policy of providing 24 hour power supply to camps.Houses will no longer be affected by Cold/Winter. For NGO: Effects: NGO loses 3 UoM. Extra money has been allotted to NGO to create a new public place. For Refugees: For NGO: Houses will no longer be affected by Cold/Winter. Happiness increases by 1 unit. Needs to decide on the public space to be built after assesing refugee demands. Has Effects: power to grant Cash For Work jobs to refugees with relevant qualifications. 1 additional Water Tank sanctioned For Refugees: For NGO: increases by 1 unit if the place benfits the refugee. (for eg., a school can Happiness Loses 1 UoM. Can decide which benefit a refugee with kids etc.)district to locate it in (and protect it from drought). Effects: Electricity has become expensive!! For Refugees: Refugees who get water tank gain 1 unit of happiness. For NGO: Can spend 3 UoM to keep the electricity the same. Effects: Decision has been taken to stop the Cash For Work programs temporarily. For Refugees: Will have to spend 1 UoM to retain normal functions. If not, health and happiness For NGO: by 1 unit each. decrease N/A For Refugees: All refugees with jobs lose jobs and their money and happiness decrease by 1 unit each.
Infrastructure Cards
39
Senario Game Game design
A ge nt s
Rainstorm ةيرطم ةفصاع
Actors
ءالع
Alaa
Name: Alaa Age:35 Gender: Male Nationality: Syrian Family: Lost his wife & 3 chidren in Syrian Civil War Job: Full-time worker in recycling center Education: Junior high school graduation Income: 60JOD/month Note:
Effects: 1) Flooding of sewage drains. Can lead to diseases in next round. 2) Relief from heat. For NGO: Can spend 3 units of money (UoM) on closing the drains / 1 UoM on cleaning the streets / can do nothing (refugees lose health in the next round) For Refugees: Health decreases in next round if NGO does nothing. Can spend 1 UoM on rainwater harvesting to protect themselves from drought. Happiness increases by 1 unit.
Alaa was a very luky father in Syrian untill the war taken off his chidren and wife. But he never give up the life. When he came into Zaatri refugee camp after a long journey, he have to settle down, and begain his new life. Cause he was working in a factory as a worker, now he got a job in the recycling center. Please do not ask the story of Alaa in Syria, let the man just move on his life.
Health Cards
Money
Happiness
Actor ACTOR 1
ACTOR 1
Influence & Power
ACTOR 2
Education & Skills
40 ACTOR 5
ACTOR 6
NGO
ACTOR 3
NGOs
Rifat Rifat Abdul Abdul
Water Tank Water Tank
Health Camp Health Camp Noreen Noreen Water Tank Water Tank
Tarek Tarek Hasna Hasna Alaa Alaa
ء
Health Camp Health Camp
Ac to r
Mission
One
Mission
TWO
Mission
THREE
Mission
FOUR
Camp
Ac tor
HP MP
Ac to r Actor
41
Senario Game Playing & Recording
After several times test, our game is complete. With last semester UK borderâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s experience, everyone in our group is sensitive with different borders. Where are the visible borders and invisible borders? Which details be hidden by governance... So, for this scenario game, we became more sensitive to find the border in Zaatari Camp. We also asked friends from other routes to came and play with us, to reduce the effects by our subject as the game designers.
42
43
Scenario Game
Mapping of scenario game
ess -1 appin op, h
-1
althy -1 lte r, he th e sh e
h -1 , healt r area
in fo rce
ey -1 s, mon
e stop
-1 money
his/he
sh for a
s -1 pines , hap
d job
se Refu
oney
nk in
incom
aby, ne w b
ater ta
ed m Ref us
No w
H as a
m o ne y
-1
, money
r, money
ir she lt er
re mo ne y
to re pa
w sh el te
money -1
, healthy -1
lities, better faci
nters al th ca re ce
di st rict with
like the ne
mon ey
s to use R efuse
S pe nd s
Doesn't
M ov e to a
he Not enough
school, mo ney -1
-1 r kid, money Gets annothe
in Gets a new job
Dro ught, health -1
Lost job, money -1
No eďŹ&#x20AC;ect
Assumes that the NGO has built infrastructures for publicity
Gets a job in school, money +1
s, happiness +1
Kids can go to school , education +1
Gets electricity for 24 hour
health center, hea lth +1
Gets a water tank in his area, happine ss +1
Can get medic ines from
to ďŹ ght dise ase, healthy +1
Happy with their new to ilet, healthy +1
Gets help
Li vi ng co nditi ons improved , happines s +1 Gets an o p p o rtunity to leave, ve ry happy+ 1 C hil d re n h a ve place to play, happines s +1 Beco m e s a distr ict lead er, pow er +1 NGO g e ts public ity, mo ney +1 Gets jo b b ac k, mo n ey + 1
k hom e
ee ca mp
Jorda n
r efug
to sa t y in
o bac
H ap p y to g
wan ts
Wan ts to sta y in
mits suicid e
Com
44
H asna
Rifat
Alaa Tarek
Fixed Refug ees' Shelter Upgrade Toilet Build a He alth Center Create School Another
B ui ld a T ank Water
Build Two Water Tanks
e All th S top r Refugee fo l t Abdu er Job or pp Su ad n e a Le Childre B ec om Build a More Jobs Care Center n Crea te Help the RefugeeGive a Permissio for Refugee e Build a New to a Refugee Leav Shelter Los t M B uild one y to More E lect ricity a Sc hool B uild
l A bdu N ore en
Pub
li city
e Som me Help g ee Ca e u Ref ck Hom Ba
ry d acto lore E xp c li ng F y Rec
D oin gn
oth ing D ec Ke e li ne s R p M e qu ests one y , B uil d Wate One r Ta nk
S now s torm
ht D roug
rm ds to S an
sion mis P er ave to le
Rain s tor m der Lea
lace li c P P ub ted a Cr e ea om B ec
D ise ase
ia M ed
sure Ex po
A Family Ge
t a Kid Cash for Wor k Program Stoppe d
T anks Wat er d te C rea
End of The World
Minor Accident Electricity Shortage
Move (Accident)
oice) Move (Ch ectric ity r El 24 H ou
2nd time
1st time
The Game Round
Random Angents
NGO Actions
Resault of NGO's Actions
Refugee Actors
Actor Actions
Effect of Each Angency Event to Individuals
This diagram is one of our scenario game mappings for analysis our scenario game. Scenario game helped us to simulate the daily life and the relations between NGOs and refugees. This diagram visualised every action and event as a line, to narrate the stories by causality. By this mapping, we could see different actorsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; stories in the two rounds game. A special colour represents every actorsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; stories. We classified every line by colours to analysis the powers, social system, relationships, infrastructures. We focus on details in our scenario game, and analysis them with a spatial perspective.
45
Senario Game
Stories mapping analysis-the relatision
D oin gn
sion mis P er ave to le
Tarek
A sk a
e r ef
s -1 pines , hap
th eir sh
ealthy -1 elte r, h
lthy -1 a, hea his are
s -1 pines , hap
cover
in fo rce
-1 money
-1 money
n no t
f used
used
be r e
nk ca
baby,
come,
re mo ne y
ey -1 er , mon
money -1
lt pa it she
sh el te r,
-1
money -1
hy center ,healt althy ca re
rict, itional di st good co nd
e hi s ne w
re on ey to
ir use th e
oney in
a ne w
ater ta
shop
job b
A sk a
T he w
H av e
Stop m
R efuse
S pe nd m
Don 't lik
M ov e in a
he Not enough
kid, money -1 Get one more
school , mo ney -1 Get a new job in
t, healthy -1 Because the dro ugh
Lost job, money -1
No eďŹ&#x20AC;ect
Thought NGOs just build infrastructures for publicity
Get a job in school, money +1
Kids can go to school , education +1
Can get light and TV show whole day, happiness +1
m health center , healthy +1
Get a water tank in his area, happyness +1
Can get the me dicine fro
ed, happin ess +1
to ďŹ ght dise ase, healthy +1
Happy their new toilet, he althy +1
Get more help
s improv
play, hap piness +1
unity to leave, ve ry happy+ 1
Li vi ng co nditi on
Have a o pport
ey +1
a re wa rd , mo ney +1
leader, power +1
place to
istrict
C hil dre n have
Becam ead
k, mo n
H elp N GO pu bliticy ge t
Get jo b b ac
b ack home
ee ca mps
Jobda n
r efug
to sa t y in
H ap p y to c o me
wan t
Wan t to s ta y in
S uic ide
46
H asna Rifat
Alaa
l A bdu
N ore en
n Childre Build a nter Care Ce Jobs More n Create Help the Refugee Give a Permissio ee e for Refug Build a New to a Refugee Leav Shelter
Build Two Water Tanks Fixed Refugees' Shelter
Upgrade Toile t Build a He alth Center
Create Anothe r School
li ci ty Pub
e All th S top Ref ugee r Job fo l t Abdu Suppor a Leader e Becom
B ui ld a Wat er Tank
Lost M B ui ld one y to More E lect ricity B uild
a S ch ool
d ctory lore E xp c li ng Fa y Rec
e Som e Help ee Cam g e Refu k Hom Ba c
B uil d Wate One r Ta nk D ec li Ke e ne s R p M e que one sts, y
oth ing
rm ds to S an
e om B ec
D ise ase
Rain s torm
lace li c P P ub ated Cre
r ade a Le
S now storm re x posu dia E Me
ht D roug Cash fo r Work Program Stoppe d
t a Kid A Family Ge
End of The Worl d Minor Accident Electricity Shortage
Move (Accident) oice) Move (Ch
y El ectricit 24 Hour
T anks Wat er ted C rea
2nd time
1st time
The Game Round
Random Angents
The Relasionship Between NGOs' Actions and Effects to Refugee Positive Actions/ Effects Negative Actions/ Effects Neutral Actions/ Effects
NGO Actions
Positive
Neutral
33%
20%
Negative 47%
7%
70%
Resault of NGO's Actions
8% 17%
75%
50%
23%
19%
31%
Refugee Actors
Actor Actions
Effect of Each Angency Event to Individuals
In this diagram, we use three colours to present positive, negative, neutral actions/effects. By comparing positive, negative, neutral percentage in different phases, it is clear to see that, although there are lots of negative effects happened in the game, but NGOs still trying to make positive reactions to make things good. But at the end, the effects to refugee are not so good as we expected. What we could treat it is a top-down decision process, and it is not so much effective. In the following research, we will try to think the possibilities of a bottom-top process in Zaatari Camp.
47
A Said story of Norren
D oin gn
B ui ld a Wat er Tank
Build Two Water Tanks Fixed Refugees' Shelter
Upgrade Toile t
H asna Rifat
Alaa
l A bdu
Tarek
N ore en
l t Abdu Suppor a Leader e Becom
n Childre Build a nter Care Ce Jobs More n Create Help the Refugee Give a Permissio ee e for Refug Build a New to a Refugee Leav Shelter Build a He alth Center
Create Anothe r School
li ci ty Pub
e All th S top Ref ugee r Job fo Lost M B ui ld one y to More E lect ricity B uild
a S ch ool
d ctory lore E xp c li ng Fa y Rec
e Som e Help ee Cam g e Refu k Hom Ba c
B uil d Wate One r Ta nk D ec li Ke e ne s R p M e que one sts, y
oth ing
ht D roug
rm ds to S an sion mis P er ave to le
D ise ase M
Rain s torm
lace li c P P ub ated Cre
r ade a Le me o B ec
S now storm re posu Ex edia
A Family Ge
t a Kid
Cash fo r Work Program Stoppe d
T anks Wat er ted C rea
End of The Worl d Minor Accident Electricity Shortage
Move (Accident) oice) Move (Ch
y El ectricit 24 Hour
2nd time
1st time
A sk a
e r ef
s -1 pines , hap
th eir sh
ealthy -1 elte r, h
lthy -1 a, hea his are
s -1 pines , hap
cover
in fo rce
-1 money
-1 money
n no t
used
used
e r ef
nk ca
baby,
come,
re mo ne y
ey -1 er , mon
money -1
lt pa it she
sh el te r,
-1
money -1
hy center ,healt althy ca re
rict, itional di st good co nd
e hi s ne w
re on ey to
ir use th e
oney in
a ne w
ater ta
b shop
job b
A sk a
T he w
H av e
Stop m
R efuse
S pe nd m
Don 't lik
M ov e in a
he Not enough
kid, money -1 Get one more
school , mo ney -1 Get a new job in
t, healthy -1 Because the dro ugh
Lost job, money -1
No eďŹ&#x20AC;ect
Thought NGOs just build infrastructures for publicity
Get a job in school, money +1
Kids can go to school , education +1
Can get light and TV show whole day, happiness +1
m health center , healthy +1
Get a water tank in his area, happyness +1
Can get the me dicine fro
ed, happin ess +1
to ďŹ ght dise ase, healthy +1
Happy their new toilet, he althy +1
Get more help
s improv
play, hap piness +1
unity to leave, ve ry happy+ 1
Li vi ng co nditi on
Have a o pport
ey +1
a re wa rd , mo ney +1
leader, power +1
place to
istrict
C hil dre n have
Becam ead
k, mo n
H elp N GO pu bliticy ge t
Get jo b b ac
b ack home
ee ca mps
Jobda n
r efug
to sa t y in
H ap p y to c o me
wan t
Wan t to s ta y in
S uic ide
Requests for job (declined)
24 hours power
Noreen
A water tank near her place
Got a new baby
Sandstorm healthy reduce
a school build nearby
Move from district 3 to district 2
Power shortage feel unsafty
Get back her jobl
Drought
Health care center build nearby
Lost Job
Get a new baby
Get a job
The end of the war
The actor named Noreen is a refugee in our scenario game. When she just moved into Zaatari camp, she is very happy with the feeling without the fear of the war. She told his neighbour the feeling of the first night she slept in the shelter is extremely serene. She knows the shelter is not her home, but she wants to have a life here.
نيرون Name: Noreen Age:35 Gender: Male Nationality: Syrian Family: Has 2 kids. Lives with them and her husband. Job: None Education: BA in Home Science Income: 20 JoD/month
Noreen is well educated and good at communication. But to find a job in Zaatari is still difficult to her. After several times argue, she got a job in the school as a teacher with a very low pay, which just can cover her family expense. When she got two more kids in the camp, her life became more difficult. With her husband help, their life was still going on.
مسالا: نيرون رمعلا: 35 ركذ ةيسنجلا: ةيروسلا ةلئاعلا: هيدل2 لافطأ. اهجوزو مهعم شيعي. ةفيظولا: ءيش ال ميلعتلا: ةيسيئرلا مولعلا يف سويرولاكب لخدلا: 20 رانيد/ رهش
At the end of the war, NGO decides to close this refugee camp. As well as the school will close. Noreen lost her job. She didn’t want to come back to Syria because the war destroyed his home. She didn’t have enough money to build a new one in Syria. She also did not have a right to work like a citizen. For this years she is living in Zaatari, not Jordan. To Noreen, Zaatari is her life, without Zaatari, her life is almost ended.
Note: Moved to camp with husband and 2 kids 4 years ago. She is well educated and good at communication. She aspires to travel the world. Very attached to her children. She wants them to be fully educated.
Facing her four kids (she got two more kids in Zaatari), she can do nothing. Finally, she ended his life by herself, at the time of the end of Zaatari camp, the time of the end of the war.
Both husband and wife don’t have jobs or any other source of income in the camp. She is willing to find gainful employment to support her family.
Health
Money
ACTOR 1
Influence & Power ACTOR 1
Happiness
Education & Skills
ACTOR 2
ACTOR 3
ACTOR 4
Model
Visiable the power systerm
For us, this experiment raised many important questions - how could we efficiently assemble the spatial narrative of the camp (map) with the intangible narratives of it (power, privilege etc.)? How can we quantify privilege or power in order to account for it in design? However, the ultimate question was this - how do we operate under the current model of power relations in order to create spaces that would liberate people from this vicious cycle of privilege?
Light source - UNHCR (Hegemonic Power)
Shadow of Central Object Indicative of probable location of space
Non-hegemonic Power Relations
50
Base Map - Spatial Context
Model
The Process Of Operation
We used a balancing device to find the unbalance of power in Zaatari. Our model simulated an ideal process of location-decision of infrastructures, which combined the situation of now and a scenario future. But finally, we found that the unbalance of power in the camp is created by the completely up-down decision system. The border between refugees and NGOs is so much huge. Without participation, there is no chance to refugee to get power. Without power, it seems that they will never have a chance to make decision by themselves.
Weights (Power)
Ball
Movement Joint
Lever
Image 1 - Non-Hegemonic Power Interactions The vision for the model. The shadow of the ball (center) would be location of infrastructure.
Layer 1
Layer 2
Layer 0
Image 2 - NGO - The Hegemonic Power
Image 3 - Introduction of Map & Mechanism Failure The vision for the model. The shadow of the ball (center) would be location of infrastructure.
Image 4 - Working out alternatives for
Image 5 - Final outcome
model-interaction More direct forms of interacting with the model are devised.
The model succeeds in functioning however it still needs a more sophisticated base map to contextualize it.
51
Resource Flow
The countries in the world contribute their resource to NGaO, mainly for humanitarianism.
The resource centre on and collected by NGO, and reorganize the resource by NGO.
The resource mainly is separated and put in three aspects of the refugee camp. Localized infrastructure, dispersed Infrastructure and money for refugee.
Localized infrastructure like school, health centre and community centre as well as dispersed Infrastructure such as power network , water supply and sewerage system are construct by NGO. Besides, refugees would receive the menoy from NGO and then build their shelter.
52
Individual Design
Future Scenario Timeline
Refugees have the ability to develop their own living environment and the right to build facilities they want.
The number of refugees reached 156,000 and Zaatari camp become the fourth largest city in Jordan.
UNHCR start to build the Zaatri camp.
Resource Capacity
Prediction according to the result of Scenario Game.
In these intersection, the major role of the camp would be shifted from NGO to refugees. It means that refugees can spend their own resource to built facilities when they persuade NGO.
Funding begins to stop Ideal scenario UNHCR
Probable scenario
Funds stop fully
Infrastructure Development by the people - Strategy Introduced.
UNHCR 2012
2017
2018
2019
......
Zaatari refugee camp was first opened in 2012 to Syrians fleeing the violence in the Syrian civil war.
Refugees achieve their daily essentials and start to develop their business to maintain their life standard.
Time of the development of Zaatri camp
......
Probable Obstructions/ Scenario Points for Troubleshooting
The main street develops market-like structures where goods like daily products and clothes.
Comparing these three scenario timelines of Zaatari future, the result is clear. The most different decisive elements of the development of Zaatari is the participation of refugees. The participation of refugees could make the developing sustainable and indipendent.
53
Design Strategy 1. The Idea -Introduction of Public Spaces Opportunities for these spaces to become : - Spaces of income - Spaces of liberation - Spaces for skill exchange and VALUE
3. O Construction Strategy : Self-Build
The f ed is the a with c creat
Images Below : Aspirations & possibilities for space
2. Construction Strategy The first group of refugees taught self-build techniques proceed to teach and assist refugees in other streets the
An Exa
By means of a chain reaction a community of practice of self-build is created.
built by built by
3. Other places built because of training strategy
built by
Hou
2. 1st building built
built by
built by
become trainers 1. Workshop for materials and self-buil training created
external trainers train refugees
Public Buildings to be introduced
54
Refugee Trainer
Refugee Trainee
From t need f place t ty.
rainee
3. Occupation and Use The function or use of the public buildings (infrastructure) created is likely to be determined by different groups of interest in the area. This is a place where the collective power of people with common interests manifests itself and can be put to use to create agency.
As seen in the last case below due to a small number of people skilled/interested in a certain type of community infrastructure , their interests can get overlooked. In order to ensure that their interests are served, there is a need for communication channels to be established so that they may connect with similar interest groups from other districts.
An Example Scenario:
Child Care Center Created
Tution Center Created
Tution Center Created Child Care Center Created
Households that support creation of: a child care center
a tution center
a meeting space
an art studio
1
2
People interested in creating a child care center affect the use of the public spaces available aroud them to crreate a child care center.
Tution centers get created due to similar power dynamics
Central Meeting Space Created
4
From this exercise, it is clear that there is a need for NETWORKs that are not based on place to be established among those in minority.
People interested in creation of an art studio arenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t able to get a space for collaboration because theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re not in majority & are disconnected
3 Central meeting space created because of larger groups being able to collaborate with smaller ones.
55
02 Individual Design-Fence "Break"
The Floating City
“A prison in the desert”, “The instant city“, “Makeshift city“, “City of the lost“, all the words could be used to describe Zaatari refugee camp. As the time going, for now, Zaatari camp have been established for more than five years. The scale is keeping growing. More and more people believe Zaatari refugee camp as an informal city which will not disappear tomorrow. But, looking at the map of the area nearby Zaatari, it is very clear to see that there is barely connection between Zaatari and other towns or cities in Jordan. It likes a “floating city”.
58
The Fence of Zaatari
Refugees
Citizens
The fences around the camp give me a deep impression. The fence creates a huge gap between Zaatari camp and cities, a huge gap between refugees and citizens. How to help them to come back the real life, a new life without the endless waiting? That is our goal to archive by our design. How to use architectural way to reduce the border, and make the connection with Jordan. The connection does not need to be physical, and it is more like a value exchange channel. Refugees contribute to this country, and they get the right to have a citizen life. Make their connection to this area where they want to live.
59
Border (Fence) Break Strategy: 1. To help refugees to creat value by themselives. 2. Creat space (a shop or market) at the edge of Zaatari Camp for value exchange with locals. 3. Protect the space develop well.
City
City
Camp
City
Camp
Camp
City
Camp
City
Camp
Change Border Shape
Intervene Intervene
City
Camp
Value Exchange With Citizens
City
Camp
Developing
60
City
Camp
Value Exchange With Refugees
City
Camp
More Exchange Connection
City
Camp
Value Exchange Connection
City
City
Camp
Void Space
Camp
Viod Space Extending
Viod Space Replace Border
Bottom-Up Working Network
Trading Market Training Centers Workshops
61
Hierarchy of Needs for Refugees Self-fullfillment needs: At the top of these hierarchy of needs for refugees is the self-fullfillment need. A normal citizen life, which likes a dream for every refugee, is the final need of refugeaes. But for now, in Zaatari camp, the dream only could be came ture after the end of the war. The endless waiting of "The End of the War".
Right to be a citizen, personal freedom
Psychological needs: With the continuous improvement of the refugee camp, family reunion happened every time. But to provide a job for refugee, is still facing too much pressure, like the policy of Jordan, the non skilled refugees. Although "cash for work", the programme orgnised by UNHCR, give some refugee a chance to get a job, but there is still lots of refugees need more jobs.
Esteem Needs: Fixed income, a job for cash
Belongingness and Love Needs: Family get together, Friends live together Safety Needs: Pravity shelter, far away from the war
Basic needs: With NGOs' humanitarian aid, most of these needds of refugees have been solved.
Physiologyical Needs: Food, clean water, warmth clothing
Economic analysis Cash for Work in Zaatari Camp, 2017
Analysis the export trade in 2015 Jordan, the second most export trade of Jordan is the textile industry. Most of them are clothing. As well as in Syria before the war. It means that if we choice to develop textile industry in the camp, it can help Jordan to create more export value, and it is also can contribute the Syria after the end of their war.
Female wokers: 5.32% Male wokers: 13.68% Unemployee: 79%
Export Trade-Jordan, 2015
Export Trade-Syria, 2010
Textile Industry: 20% Others: 80% Textile Industry:Most of them are clothings, like: Jerseys, Pullovers, garments and so on.
62
Textile Industry: 12% Others: 88%
JORDAN Increase in export volume Increase productivity Create income
Improve Residents' Income
Increase in labour Develop local economy around camp
s tile
Participation in social production
p
m Ca
in t r ta Facilitate the
s
x Te
Develop the texitle industry
management of camp
NG
Os
Improve international profile
learn new skills
Psychological rehabilitation
Creat more jobs
Reduce operational inputs
get fixed income Embodied self-worth
S
E GE
FU
RE
Stakeholder of the "Textiles start in camp"
63
Trading Market Design
This is the final trading market. It developed by several phases according the development of all this strategy.
Training Center Design
Refugees who want to learn some new skills, they can learn from here. When we start our design, we consider that if the refugee wants to move or they want to come back after the war, what they can bring back? The skills, is our answer. As we mentioned before, textile industry in Syria is also the second important export trade before the war. After the end of the war, they can come back to their country to contribute. The training centre is also can be used to collect clothing. And translate the productions to trading market.
Workshops Design
Inset in a shelter
Extra workshop
2-unit assembling
There are five optional models we can use. It is flexible to apply in the camp. Inset in a shelter, extra workshop, 2-unit assembling, 3-unit assembling and 4-unit assembling. Refugee they can work together or individually.
3-unit assembling
64
4-unit assembling
Local Market
Jordan Government
Textile factories
Amman
65
Phase One
First phase, our plan just starts in one of the 12 districts. There are several workshops disperse in NO.11 districts. There is also one training centre. After several months or weeks working, NGO create a space for them to sale their productions. They built a small shop for showing their productions to citizens, and create a small window to translate their clothing to outside.
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Phase Two The sound phase, more districts participate in this plan. There are more small shops open around the first one. More windows created on the fence.
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Phase Three
The third phase, more and more workshops appear in Zaatari camp. They are not satisfied with the small windows and small shops behind the fence. According the production become popular, more and more companies and citizens prefer to by clothing from the Zattariâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s clothing shops. They asked the NGO to give them more spaces and permission for running their bossiness. Then the market street appears. Some refugee can get the permission from the NGO to work for the market street. There is no fence stand between the production with customers.
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Phase Four
At the fourth phase, it is a free market zone. In this time all of the districts participate in the programme. NGO create an area for refugee to selling refugeesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; textile production. Even refugee still need permission to cross the border to this open area. How to defined this area? It is not a part in the refugee camp, it is also not a part of the outside city. We called it as a void space. The border is not clear like before. They participated in a social life, in some extent, we can say they have a part life of citizen. At least they have the chance to communicate to outside. They are living in this country. And, that is just a beginning.
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Perspective of Phase Four
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Greenhill Library-Live Project
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"To provide a vibrant, welcome and inclusive library as a focal point that meets the many needs of our community." -Friends of greenhill library
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