Landscape Design Thesis of Chengwei Huang UoM STREET MARKET & VULNERABLE GROUPS IN FUZHOU

STREET MARKET & VULNERABLE GROUPS IN FUZHOU Flexible urban space design Chengwei Huang 981698

■ PROJECT BACKGROUND It has been about a year since China opened up its street market economy. In Fuzhou, many government-organized street markets, from the beginning of the prosperous gradually become deserted, only those facilities can still show that they used to be a street market. But many of the spontaneous street markets remain vibrant.

SHANHUA LANE MARKET

WUYI SQUARE MARKET

2020

2021

2020

1 year

2021 1 year

WUTA STREET MARKET

PANDA STREET MARKET

2020

2021 1 year

Soucre: Photos tooken by Chengwei Huang

2020

2021 1 year

■ LOCATION OF STREET MARKETS IN FUZHOU According to the research, the spontaneous economy in the city is generally related to the low-income population in the city. Spontaneous street markets are basically near urban villages or old neighborhoods, or the market themselves are part of urban villages. This is because spontaneous economies tend to be associated with vulnerable groups in cities.

DISAPPEARED LEGEND

Street Markets

Urban Villages

2004

2007

2002

JINXIANG ROAD STREET MARKET

WANGZHUANG STREET MARKET

STUDENT STREET MARKET

Old Neighborhoods

DISAPPEARED

DISAPPEARED

Open Space

Water Body

2010

2005

2004

GUANWEI STREET MARKET

LAOYAOZHOU STREET MARKET

NINGHUA STREET MARKET

■ SITE MAPPING As one of the last few spontaneous street market in Fuzhou, Qianyu street market is located in Jin 'an District, where there are a large number of migrant workers and the elderly, as well as a large number of urban

HOUYU VILLAGE

villages in this district, which provide power to formed Qianyu street market spontaneously.

However, with the development of the city,

1 KIL O M ETE

HOUPU VILLAGE

RR

AD

IU

S

LA

N D

the urban villages around Qianyu street

US E

market have been gradually demolished. At present, there is only one remaining urban village within one kilometer and it will be demolished soon. The old college next to the street market provides an opportunity to maintain the vitality of this self-formed market.

FENGBAN VILLAGE

QIANYU VILLAGE

QIANYU VILLAGE

QIANYU STREET MARKET

JIN 'AN DISTRICT DEMOGRAPHIC old college

35.63% migrant workers

LEGEND

11.79% population aged over 65

YUANXI / YUANDONG VILLAGE

Street Market

Commercial

Railway

Residential

Metro line

Commercial & Residential

Urban Villages

Education

Demolished Urban Villages

College

Open Space Water Body

■ EVOLUTION OF QIANYU STREET MARKET Large-scale historical maps can trace the formation of the market. The market began to form after the construction of two supermarkets, attached to the side of the city's secondary road and began to expand after the nearby college was gradually abandoned. At the same time, the surrounding high density of villages provides power for the market.

2002

2008

(when the street market formed)

2020

LEGEND Open Space

Villages / Urban Villages

Under Construction Land

Supermarkets

Gated Space

Water Body

Urban Main Roads

Flow of vulnerable groups

Street Market

■ FORMADATION OF QIANYU STREET MARKET

PARASITIC RELATIONSHIP

AMBIGUOUS BOUNDARY

CHEAP HOUSING

LOW-SPEED TRAFFIC

TRADITIONAL LIFESTYLE

Qianyu street market was formed after the completion of two big supermarkets nearby. The two supermarkets provided a large number of people. Meanwhile, the layout of the street market connects the two big supermarkets.

After the nearby college was gradually abandoned, the area became a permeable space with ambiguous boundaries, the street market continued to grow in this stage.

Meanwhile, the college provides housing, storage, and so on for the vendors.

There used to be a lot of villages around the Qianyu street market. These urban villages provided cheap housing for the vulnerable groups. However, with the development of the city, the village within the village has been gradually demolished.

The street market occupies the sidewalks of the secondary roads in the city, and it also occupies part of the street when the market is busy. On secondary roads, slow traffic is the main reason for the formation of the market.

The emergence of street markets in modern cities also reflects the demands of the surrounding residents for a traditional way of life, which came from the original villages in the area.

■ SITE SPACIAL ANALYSIS When the analysis is zoomed in to the site scale, it can be found that there are more connections between the market and the public space on the site. These connections are formed through the activities of the vendors, which ensure the vitality of the street market.

Public Toilet

The street lights in front of the supermarket

POWER

provide some power for vendors to cook.

Bus Stop

Public toilets of the supermarket provide water for washing food and utensils.

WATER

The abandoned college provides storage rooms and parking.

STORAGE

The old neighborhood in the abandoned

LEGEND

HOUSING

Open Space

Old Housing

Cooking Space

Gated Space

Informal Farmland

Entrance to Private Residential District

Supermarket

Abandoned Buildings

Street Market

River

Storage & Parking

college provides some cheap housing.

Some of the green space of the abandoned

FARMLAND

school is occupied by informal farmland.

■ TEMPORAL FRAME OF QIANYU STREET MARKET

FARMERS MARKET

WORKING TIME

NIGHT MARKET

5 : 00 AM

5 : 30 AM

8 : 30 AM

9 : 30 AM

5 : 00 PM

5 : 30 PM

10 : 30 PM

1 : 30 PM

City cleaners clean the rubbish from the night market the night before.

Vendors begin to market in the morning, and people living nearby are visiting.

After vendors left, city cleaners clean the street, mostly organic waste, using lots of water.

Cars gradually take up some street space for parking, the street around Wal-Mart is taken up to advertise their products.

Food vendors of night market prepare food on the street.

The night market officially begin, food vendors begin to serve food, and daily necessities vendor is open.

Daily necessities vendors close.

Food vendors close.

■ THREE SPACIAL PATTERNS

FARMERS MARKET

WORKING TIME

Bus Stop

NIGHT MARKET

Bus Stop

Bus Stop

LEGEND Street Market

Entrance to Private Residential District

Street Market Hot Spot

Public Parking Lot

Super Market

Green Space

Temporary Parking

Entrance to Super Market / Old college

Street Market Indicated Spot

Building

Private Residential District

River

■ TEMPORAL CONNECTION OF STREET ECONOMY AND VULNERABLE GROUP Because most vendors live in the urban village, the temporal connection between street economy and vulnerable groups can be understood by comparing the temporal pattern of urban village and street space.

It can be concluded that due to the urban management, the limited selling time on the street market is not the only time for the vendors to sell their products, the informal economy in the urban village is an extension of the street market.

STREET MARKET

TIME FLOW

TIME FLOW

5 : 30 AM

9 : 30 AM

5 : 30 PM

FARMERS MARKET

WORKING TIME

NIGHT MARKET

When the rubbish of street farmers' market be cleaned, the shops nearby open.

The streets are immediately occupied by parking and propaganda from shops nearby.

Urban villages provide a lot of labor.

FLOW OF NIGHT VENDORS

FLOW OF FARMERS

FLOW OF FARMERS

Farmers go to farmland to buy/pick farm products or prepare food for sale in the early morning.

At 5:30 AM, the street farmers' market becomes vibrant.

At 8:30 AM, the farmers' market in the urban village becomes busy. Because of the return of farmers from street farmers' market.

At 2: 30 PM, vendors selling daily necessities gradually appear in the urban village.

At 5: 30 PM some vendors will move to the street when the street night market begins.

Other vendors will continue staying in the urban village.

URBAN VILLAGE

8 : 30 AM

2 : 30 PM

FARMERS MARKET

AFTERNOON & NIGHT MARKET

TIME FLOW

■ DAILY ROUTINE OF STREET VENDORS

IDENTITY OF VENDORS

Migrant Workers

Rural Fuzhou

Villager

Nearby Merchant

LIVING TYPLE OF VENDORS

Urban Village

Other Market

Joint Rent Apartment

Back Home

FARMERS VENDOR Purchase

Picking

Fishing

FARMERS MARKET

Food Preparation

WORKING TIME

SPCTIAL DEMAND

URBAN INSPECTOR

CLEANING TIME

Parking Cooking

RESIDENT

Gathering

SPCTIAL DEMAND Parking

NIGHT MARKET SPCTIAL DEMAND Parking

Gathering

Cooking

Propaganda

Gathering

Garbage Collection Garbage Collection

URBAN CLEANER

CLEANING TIME

Storage

NEARBY WORKER

NIGHT MARKET VENDOR

Purchase

Take Care of Famliy

Food Preparation

■ TACTICS OF VENDORS

PRICE FLOATING The prices of goods change over time, especially in farmers' markets, the vendors start to sell at lower prices as the urban inspector urges the market to end.

FAMILY COOPERATION Some vendors are families, and each family member has a different division of labor and items to sell. This needs more sales space.

MOVABLE FACILITIES

FIXED LOCATION

Many vendors use mobile facilities to display items, and some vendors even use vehicles for display.

Vendors spontaneously set up stalls in a fixed location for the convenience of old customers, which gives visitors a strong sense of direction.

SELFCONTAINED POWER Vendors bring their own electricity to cook food and provide lighting in the night market.

TIME LIMITATION Both the farmers and night market have a certain time limit, especially the farmers market requires a certain time to leave.

■ VULNERABILITY OF QIANYU STREET MARKET Although the Qianyu street market is very vibrant, it is also very fragile. Normal urban development, for example, demolishing urban villages and relocating the villagers to the gated neighborhoods, and the centralized business model, will occupy the open urban space and force vulnerable groups to rent more expensive apartments with more roommates. Like what happens rapidly surrounding the Qianyu street market. This will kill the vibrant street market immediately.

2002

2020

LEGEND

Villages / Urban Villages

18 years Gated Space

Open Space

River

TYPICAL GATED NEIGHBORHOODS IN CHINA

Soucre: https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1684590223980892718&wfr=spider&for=pc

■ DESIGN MANIFESTO It doesn't matter if a cat is white or black, if it can catch mice, it is a good cat. No matter what form of economic model is good as long as it can help people in need and make the society more harmonious. The abandoned college next to the Qianyu street market as an important connection provides an opportunity to preserve it. This project is in line with the government, trying to protect the spontaneous market step by step, strives for more urban space and job opportunities for vulnerable populations.

THEORY: It doesn't matter if a cat is white or black, if

Commercial

it can catch mice, it is a good cat.

Complex

THEORY: Crossing the river by feeling the stones.

step.1 :

step.2 :

step.3 :

Social housing

Surrounding

Connecting to existing

open space

commercail space

Supermarket

Convenience

Street

Store

Vendor

Chinese leader Xiaoping DENG

■ DESIGN STRATEGIES

These design strategies come out according to the spatial characteristics of the street market and the flow of street vendors in the space.

INCREASE

IMPROVE

BLUR

FLEXIBILITY

PERMEABILITY

BOUNDARIES

INSIDE-

ENHANCE THE

OUT

LINKAGE

STEP.1 :

SOCIAL HOUSING Transform the abandoned buildings in the college into social housing and provide an open low-income neighborhood. At the same time, enhance the spatial connection such as storage rooms and urban gardens in the open neighborhood.

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1 2

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1. Social Housing 2. Storage Rooms 3. Mixed-use Building 4. Pavilions 5. Community Gardens 6. River Green Corridor 7. Bicycle Parking 8. Leisure Square 9. Flower Bed 10. Tree Grid Square 11. Existing Temporary Parking Lot

■ DESIGN ANALYSIS STOREROOMS & HOUSING

URBAN GARDENS Social Housing

The teaching building was transformed

room was retained,

River Corridor

are interspersed Storage Rooms

into social housing, the original storage

The urban gardens between the river

Water Body

corridors.

Urban Garden

Mixed Used Building

and the canteen was transformed into a mixed-use building.

POTENTIAL STALL SPACE The design creates a lot of flexible spaces within the community with blurred boundaries that can be used to set up stalls.

Potential stall space Street Market

TEMPORARY PARKING The current temporary parking lot was retained.

Parking Area

■ STEP.1 : SOCIAL HOUSING

Remove the fence between the college and the river green corridor.

Divide the urban garden and open space through the topography.

■ STEP.1 : SOCIAL HOUSING

Demolish the walls between the existing buildings.

Connect the broken open space, storage rooms, and social housing through a long corridor.

Introduction outdoor landscape breaks the boundary between the public and private spaces in the interior

■ STEP.1 : SOCIAL HOUSING

Transform the existing abandoned square.

Introduce flexible urban furniture which can be freely used for economic activities by low-income people.

■ STEP.1 : SOCIAL HOUSING

PLANTING BED

BICYCLE PARKING

LIGHT/POWER

■ STEP.1 : SOCIAL HOUSING

STEP.2 : REUSE SURROUNDING VACANT LAND Organize the flow of people from the low-income neighborhood to the sidewalks. Introduce more temporary functions, blurring the

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boundaries between the low-income

12 13

neighborhood and sidewalks.

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1 2

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1. Social Housing 2. Storage Rooms 3. Mixed-use Building 4. Pavilions 5. Community Gardens 6. River Green Corridor 7. Bicycle Parking 8. Leisure Square 9. Flower Bed 10. Tree Grid Square 11. Extended Roof 12. Bus Station Pavillion 13. Temporary Nursery 14. Temporary Car Parking

■ DESIGN ANALYSIS AXIS Organize the circulation

COVERED AREA Flow

Covered areas

of the neighborhood

offer potential stalls

to extend to the

for low-income

sidewalk, connecting

people and have the

the neighborhood to the

potential to become

urban open space.

new markets.

POTENTIAL STALL SPACE Because of the extension of the axis, the potential stall area is expanded, connecting the street market and the stall area within the neighborhood.

Potential stall space Street Market

TEMPORARY PARKING & NURSERY Temporary functions are introduced into the site to blur the landuse and boundary of the site.

Covered Area

Nursery

Parking Area

■ STEP.2 : REUSE SURROUNDING VACANT LAND

The axis of the neighborhood is extended to the sidewalk where is occupied by the street market.

Prevent cars from entering the neighborhood by planting beds.

■ STEP.2 : REUSE SURROUNDING VACANT LAND

Extend the roof of the disused canteen to blur the indoor and outdoor spaces.

Connect the building and bus station with a series of structures.

■ STEP.2 : REUSE SURROUNDING VACANT LAND

The area waiting to be designed can be used as temporary nurseries, and temporary parking lot as surrounding undeveloped area

■ STEP.2 : REUSE SURROUNDING VACANT LAND

STEP.3 : CONNECT TO EXISTING COMMERCIAL SPACE

WAL-MART SUPERMARKET 6

The two supermarkets nearby are hotspots in the district. This is an important reason for the formation of the street market. After the lowincome community is completed, connect the block with two

14

supermarkets to introduce more

12 13

people.

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1

3

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16

13

2

2 4

15

1

1

YONGHUI SUPERMARKET

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1 2

5 6

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1. Social Housing 2. Storage Rooms 3. Mixed-use Building 4. Pavilions 5. Community Gardens 6. River Green Corridor 7. Bicycle Parking 8. Leisure Square 9. Flower Bed 10. Tree Grid Square 11. Extended Roof 12. Bus Station Pavillion 13. Rain Gardens 14. Car Parking 15. Elevated Platform 16. Art Zebra Crossing

■ DESIGN ANALYSIS WATER SENSITY URBAN DESIGN

PARKING Water Flow

Rain gardens are arranged according to the

There are limited time parking area

Rain Gardens

elevated topography to

and unlimited time parking area.When

collect wastewater from

there is an open-

the streets. Ditches in

air market on site,

the ground can guide the

the limited time

water flow.

parking area will be occupied.

POTENTIAL STALL SPACE As the terrain changed, the connection between the site and the surrounding supermarkets were enhanced, and the area that could set up stalls became larger.

Unlimited Time Parking

Potential stall space Street Market

Limited Time Parking

■ DESIGN SPATIAL PATTERNS

FARMERS MARKET

WORKING TIME

NIGHT MARKET

After the construction of the site is completed, the farmers`

When the farmer's market is over, the sidewalk can provide

When the people working nearby get off work, the night

market will be centered around the covered area, and the

parking lots for people working nearby, while the vendors

market will start, and the vendors will gradually back to the

hot spots will be the raised platform in front of the pavilion

can return to open space in low-income neighborhoods to

sidewalk. Because of the good connection, the intersection

and the bus stop.

continue their economic activities.

will become the place with the largest flow of people.

Bus Stop

Bus Stop

LEGEND Street Market

Parking

Street Market Hot Spot

Super Market

Bus Stop

■ STEP.3 : CONNECT TO EXISTING COMMERCIAL SPACE

Elevating the land strengthens the visual connection with Yonghui supermarket.

Artistic zebra crossing strengthens the flow connection.

■ STEP.3 : CONNECT TO EXISTING COMMERCIAL SPACE

Strengthen the connection between the street market and Wal-Mart by extending the river green corridor to the crossroad.

Emphasize the space with sculpture.

■ STEP.3 : CONNECT TO EXISTING COMMERCIAL SPACE

Rainwater gardens are set up at the end of the slope to collect wastewater used to clean the space after the street market.

■ STEP.3 : CONNECT TO EXISTING COMMERCIAL SPACE