STREET MARKET & VULNERABLE GROUPS IN FUZHOU Flexible urban space design Chengwei Huang 981698
■ PROJECT BACKGROUND It has been about a year since China opened up its street market economy. In Fuzhou, many government-organized street markets, from the beginning of the prosperous gradually become deserted, only those facilities can still show that they used to be a street market. But many of the spontaneous street markets remain vibrant.
SHANHUA LANE MARKET
WUYI SQUARE MARKET
2020
2021
2020
1 year
2021 1 year
WUTA STREET MARKET
PANDA STREET MARKET
2020
2021 1 year
Soucre: Photos tooken by Chengwei Huang
2020
2021 1 year
■ LOCATION OF STREET MARKETS IN FUZHOU According to the research, the spontaneous economy in the city is generally related to the low-income population in the city. Spontaneous street markets are basically near urban villages or old neighborhoods, or the market themselves are part of urban villages. This is because spontaneous economies tend to be associated with vulnerable groups in cities.
DISAPPEARED LEGEND
Street Markets
Urban Villages
2004
2007
2002
JINXIANG ROAD STREET MARKET
WANGZHUANG STREET MARKET
STUDENT STREET MARKET
Old Neighborhoods
DISAPPEARED
DISAPPEARED
Open Space
Water Body
2010
2005
2004
GUANWEI STREET MARKET
LAOYAOZHOU STREET MARKET
NINGHUA STREET MARKET
■ SITE MAPPING As one of the last few spontaneous street market in Fuzhou, Qianyu street market is located in Jin 'an District, where there are a large number of migrant workers and the elderly, as well as a large number of urban
HOUYU VILLAGE
villages in this district, which provide power to formed Qianyu street market spontaneously. However, with the development of the city,
1 KIL O M ETE
HOUPU VILLAGE
RR
AD
IU
S
LA
N D
the urban villages around Qianyu street
US E
market have been gradually demolished. At present, there is only one remaining urban village within one kilometer and it will be demolished soon. The old college next to the street market provides an opportunity to maintain the vitality of this self-formed market.
FENGBAN VILLAGE
QIANYU VILLAGE
QIANYU VILLAGE
QIANYU STREET MARKET
JIN 'AN DISTRICT DEMOGRAPHIC old college
35.63% migrant workers
LEGEND
11.79% population aged over 65
YUANXI / YUANDONG VILLAGE
Street Market
Commercial
Railway
Residential
Metro line
Commercial & Residential
Urban Villages
Education
Demolished Urban Villages
College
Open Space Water Body
■ EVOLUTION OF QIANYU STREET MARKET Large-scale historical maps can trace the formation of the market. The market began to form after the construction of two supermarkets, attached to the side of the city's secondary road and began to expand after the nearby college was gradually abandoned. At the same time, the surrounding high density of villages provides power for the market.
2002
2008
(when the street market formed)
2020
LEGEND Open Space
Villages / Urban Villages
Under Construction Land
Supermarkets
Gated Space
Water Body
Urban Main Roads
Flow of vulnerable groups
Street Market
■ FORMADATION OF QIANYU STREET MARKET
PARASITIC RELATIONSHIP
AMBIGUOUS BOUNDARY
CHEAP HOUSING
LOW-SPEED TRAFFIC
TRADITIONAL LIFESTYLE
Qianyu street market was formed after the completion of two big supermarkets nearby. The two supermarkets provided a large number of people. Meanwhile, the layout of the street market connects the two big supermarkets.
After the nearby college was gradually abandoned, the area became a permeable space with ambiguous boundaries, the street market continued to grow in this stage. Meanwhile, the college provides housing, storage, and so on for the vendors.
There used to be a lot of villages around the Qianyu street market. These urban villages provided cheap housing for the vulnerable groups. However, with the development of the city, the village within the village has been gradually demolished.
The street market occupies the sidewalks of the secondary roads in the city, and it also occupies part of the street when the market is busy. On secondary roads, slow traffic is the main reason for the formation of the market.
The emergence of street markets in modern cities also reflects the demands of the surrounding residents for a traditional way of life, which came from the original villages in the area.
■ SITE SPACIAL ANALYSIS When the analysis is zoomed in to the site scale, it can be found that there are more connections between the market and the public space on the site. These connections are formed through the activities of the vendors, which ensure the vitality of the street market. Public Toilet
The street lights in front of the supermarket
POWER
provide some power for vendors to cook.
Bus Stop
Public toilets of the supermarket provide water for washing food and utensils.
WATER
The abandoned college provides storage rooms and parking.
STORAGE
The old neighborhood in the abandoned
LEGEND
HOUSING
Open Space
Old Housing
Cooking Space
Gated Space
Informal Farmland
Entrance to Private Residential District
Supermarket
Abandoned Buildings
Street Market
River
Storage & Parking
college provides some cheap housing.
Some of the green space of the abandoned
FARMLAND
school is occupied by informal farmland.
■ TEMPORAL FRAME OF QIANYU STREET MARKET
FARMERS MARKET
WORKING TIME
NIGHT MARKET
5 : 00 AM
5 : 30 AM
8 : 30 AM
9 : 30 AM
5 : 00 PM
5 : 30 PM
10 : 30 PM
1 : 30 PM
City cleaners clean the rubbish from the night market the night before.
Vendors begin to market in the morning, and people living nearby are visiting.
After vendors left, city cleaners clean the street, mostly organic waste, using lots of water.
Cars gradually take up some street space for parking, the street around Wal-Mart is taken up to advertise their products.
Food vendors of night market prepare food on the street.
The night market officially begin, food vendors begin to serve food, and daily necessities vendor is open.
Daily necessities vendors close.
Food vendors close.
■ THREE SPACIAL PATTERNS
FARMERS MARKET
WORKING TIME
Bus Stop
NIGHT MARKET
Bus Stop
Bus Stop
LEGEND Street Market
Entrance to Private Residential District
Street Market Hot Spot
Public Parking Lot
Super Market
Green Space
Temporary Parking
Entrance to Super Market / Old college
Street Market Indicated Spot
Building
Private Residential District
River
■ TEMPORAL CONNECTION OF STREET ECONOMY AND VULNERABLE GROUP Because most vendors live in the urban village, the temporal connection between street economy and vulnerable groups can be understood by comparing the temporal pattern of urban village and street space. It can be concluded that due to the urban management, the limited selling time on the street market is not the only time for the vendors to sell their products, the informal economy in the urban village is an extension of the street market.
STREET MARKET
TIME FLOW
TIME FLOW
5 : 30 AM
9 : 30 AM
5 : 30 PM
FARMERS MARKET
WORKING TIME
NIGHT MARKET
When the rubbish of street farmers' market be cleaned, the shops nearby open. The streets are immediately occupied by parking and propaganda from shops nearby. Urban villages provide a lot of labor.
FLOW OF NIGHT VENDORS
FLOW OF FARMERS
FLOW OF FARMERS
Farmers go to farmland to buy/pick farm products or prepare food for sale in the early morning. At 5:30 AM, the street farmers' market becomes vibrant. At 8:30 AM, the farmers' market in the urban village becomes busy. Because of the return of farmers from street farmers' market.
At 2: 30 PM, vendors selling daily necessities gradually appear in the urban village. At 5: 30 PM some vendors will move to the street when the street night market begins. Other vendors will continue staying in the urban village.
URBAN VILLAGE
8 : 30 AM
2 : 30 PM
FARMERS MARKET
AFTERNOON & NIGHT MARKET
TIME FLOW
■ DAILY ROUTINE OF STREET VENDORS
IDENTITY OF VENDORS
Migrant Workers
Rural Fuzhou
Villager
Nearby Merchant
LIVING TYPLE OF VENDORS
Urban Village
Other Market
Joint Rent Apartment
Back Home
FARMERS VENDOR Purchase
Picking
Fishing
FARMERS MARKET
Food Preparation
WORKING TIME
SPCTIAL DEMAND
URBAN INSPECTOR
CLEANING TIME
Parking Cooking
RESIDENT
Gathering
SPCTIAL DEMAND Parking
NIGHT MARKET SPCTIAL DEMAND Parking
Gathering
Cooking
Propaganda
Gathering
Garbage Collection Garbage Collection
URBAN CLEANER
CLEANING TIME
Storage
NEARBY WORKER
NIGHT MARKET VENDOR
Purchase
Take Care of Famliy
Food Preparation
■ TACTICS OF VENDORS
PRICE FLOATING The prices of goods change over time, especially in farmers' markets, the vendors start to sell at lower prices as the urban inspector urges the market to end.
FAMILY COOPERATION Some vendors are families, and each family member has a different division of labor and items to sell. This needs more sales space.
MOVABLE FACILITIES
FIXED LOCATION
Many vendors use mobile facilities to display items, and some vendors even use vehicles for display.
Vendors spontaneously set up stalls in a fixed location for the convenience of old customers, which gives visitors a strong sense of direction.
SELFCONTAINED POWER Vendors bring their own electricity to cook food and provide lighting in the night market.
TIME LIMITATION Both the farmers and night market have a certain time limit, especially the farmers market requires a certain time to leave.
■ VULNERABILITY OF QIANYU STREET MARKET Although the Qianyu street market is very vibrant, it is also very fragile. Normal urban development, for example, demolishing urban villages and relocating the villagers to the gated neighborhoods, and the centralized business model, will occupy the open urban space and force vulnerable groups to rent more expensive apartments with more roommates. Like what happens rapidly surrounding the Qianyu street market. This will kill the vibrant street market immediately.
2002
2020
LEGEND
Villages / Urban Villages
18 years Gated Space
Open Space
River
TYPICAL GATED NEIGHBORHOODS IN CHINA
Soucre: https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1684590223980892718&wfr=spider&for=pc
■ DESIGN MANIFESTO It doesn't matter if a cat is white or black, if it can catch mice, it is a good cat. No matter what form of economic model is good as long as it can help people in need and make the society more harmonious. The abandoned college next to the Qianyu street market as an important connection provides an opportunity to preserve it. This project is in line with the government, trying to protect the spontaneous market step by step, strives for more urban space and job opportunities for vulnerable populations.
THEORY: It doesn't matter if a cat is white or black, if
Commercial
it can catch mice, it is a good cat.
Complex
THEORY: Crossing the river by feeling the stones.
step.1 :
step.2 :
step.3 :
Social housing
Surrounding
Connecting to existing
open space
commercail space
Supermarket
Convenience
Street
Store
Vendor
Chinese leader Xiaoping DENG
■ DESIGN STRATEGIES
These design strategies come out according to the spatial characteristics of the street market and the flow of street vendors in the space.
INCREASE
IMPROVE
BLUR
FLEXIBILITY
PERMEABILITY
BOUNDARIES
INSIDE-
ENHANCE THE
OUT
LINKAGE
STEP.1 :
SOCIAL HOUSING Transform the abandoned buildings in the college into social housing and provide an open low-income neighborhood. At the same time, enhance the spatial connection such as storage rooms and urban gardens in the open neighborhood.
11 1
3
10 1
9
1
1 2
2 4
4 1
7
8 1
1 2
5 6
2
1. Social Housing 2. Storage Rooms 3. Mixed-use Building 4. Pavilions 5. Community Gardens 6. River Green Corridor 7. Bicycle Parking 8. Leisure Square 9. Flower Bed 10. Tree Grid Square 11. Existing Temporary Parking Lot
■ DESIGN ANALYSIS STOREROOMS & HOUSING
URBAN GARDENS Social Housing
The teaching building was transformed
room was retained,
River Corridor
are interspersed Storage Rooms
into social housing, the original storage
The urban gardens between the river
Water Body
corridors. Urban Garden
Mixed Used Building
and the canteen was transformed into a mixed-use building.
POTENTIAL STALL SPACE The design creates a lot of flexible spaces within the community with blurred boundaries that can be used to set up stalls.
Potential stall space Street Market
TEMPORARY PARKING The current temporary parking lot was retained.
Parking Area
■ STEP.1 : SOCIAL HOUSING
Remove the fence between the college and the river green corridor. Divide the urban garden and open space through the topography.
■ STEP.1 : SOCIAL HOUSING
Demolish the walls between the existing buildings. Connect the broken open space, storage rooms, and social housing through a long corridor. Introduction outdoor landscape breaks the boundary between the public and private spaces in the interior
■ STEP.1 : SOCIAL HOUSING
Transform the existing abandoned square. Introduce flexible urban furniture which can be freely used for economic activities by low-income people.
■ STEP.1 : SOCIAL HOUSING
PLANTING BED
BICYCLE PARKING
LIGHT/POWER
■ STEP.1 : SOCIAL HOUSING
STEP.2 : REUSE SURROUNDING VACANT LAND Organize the flow of people from the low-income neighborhood to the sidewalks. Introduce more temporary functions, blurring the
14
boundaries between the low-income
12 13
neighborhood and sidewalks. 13
1
3
10 1
9
1
1
13
2
2 4
11
4 1
7
8 1
1 2
5 6
14 2
1. Social Housing 2. Storage Rooms 3. Mixed-use Building 4. Pavilions 5. Community Gardens 6. River Green Corridor 7. Bicycle Parking 8. Leisure Square 9. Flower Bed 10. Tree Grid Square 11. Extended Roof 12. Bus Station Pavillion 13. Temporary Nursery 14. Temporary Car Parking
■ DESIGN ANALYSIS AXIS Organize the circulation
COVERED AREA Flow
Covered areas
of the neighborhood
offer potential stalls
to extend to the
for low-income
sidewalk, connecting
people and have the
the neighborhood to the
potential to become
urban open space.
new markets.
POTENTIAL STALL SPACE Because of the extension of the axis, the potential stall area is expanded, connecting the street market and the stall area within the neighborhood.
Potential stall space Street Market
TEMPORARY PARKING & NURSERY Temporary functions are introduced into the site to blur the landuse and boundary of the site.
Covered Area
Nursery
Parking Area
■ STEP.2 : REUSE SURROUNDING VACANT LAND
The axis of the neighborhood is extended to the sidewalk where is occupied by the street market. Prevent cars from entering the neighborhood by planting beds.
■ STEP.2 : REUSE SURROUNDING VACANT LAND
Extend the roof of the disused canteen to blur the indoor and outdoor spaces. Connect the building and bus station with a series of structures.
■ STEP.2 : REUSE SURROUNDING VACANT LAND
The area waiting to be designed can be used as temporary nurseries, and temporary parking lot as surrounding undeveloped area
■ STEP.2 : REUSE SURROUNDING VACANT LAND
STEP.3 : CONNECT TO EXISTING COMMERCIAL SPACE
WAL-MART SUPERMARKET 6
The two supermarkets nearby are hotspots in the district. This is an important reason for the formation of the street market. After the lowincome community is completed, connect the block with two
14
supermarkets to introduce more
12 13
people.
13
1
3
10 1
9
11
16
13
2
2 4
15
1
1
YONGHUI SUPERMARKET
4 1
7
8 1
1 2
5 6
14 2
7
1. Social Housing 2. Storage Rooms 3. Mixed-use Building 4. Pavilions 5. Community Gardens 6. River Green Corridor 7. Bicycle Parking 8. Leisure Square 9. Flower Bed 10. Tree Grid Square 11. Extended Roof 12. Bus Station Pavillion 13. Rain Gardens 14. Car Parking 15. Elevated Platform 16. Art Zebra Crossing
■ DESIGN ANALYSIS WATER SENSITY URBAN DESIGN
PARKING Water Flow
Rain gardens are arranged according to the
There are limited time parking area
Rain Gardens
elevated topography to
and unlimited time parking area.When
collect wastewater from
there is an open-
the streets. Ditches in
air market on site,
the ground can guide the
the limited time
water flow.
parking area will be occupied.
POTENTIAL STALL SPACE As the terrain changed, the connection between the site and the surrounding supermarkets were enhanced, and the area that could set up stalls became larger.
Unlimited Time Parking
Potential stall space Street Market
Limited Time Parking
■ DESIGN SPATIAL PATTERNS
FARMERS MARKET
WORKING TIME
NIGHT MARKET
After the construction of the site is completed, the farmers`
When the farmer's market is over, the sidewalk can provide
When the people working nearby get off work, the night
market will be centered around the covered area, and the
parking lots for people working nearby, while the vendors
market will start, and the vendors will gradually back to the
hot spots will be the raised platform in front of the pavilion
can return to open space in low-income neighborhoods to
sidewalk. Because of the good connection, the intersection
and the bus stop.
continue their economic activities.
will become the place with the largest flow of people.
Bus Stop
Bus Stop
LEGEND Street Market
Parking
Street Market Hot Spot
Super Market
Bus Stop
■ STEP.3 : CONNECT TO EXISTING COMMERCIAL SPACE
Elevating the land strengthens the visual connection with Yonghui supermarket. Artistic zebra crossing strengthens the flow connection.
■ STEP.3 : CONNECT TO EXISTING COMMERCIAL SPACE
Strengthen the connection between the street market and Wal-Mart by extending the river green corridor to the crossroad. Emphasize the space with sculpture.
■ STEP.3 : CONNECT TO EXISTING COMMERCIAL SPACE
Rainwater gardens are set up at the end of the slope to collect wastewater used to clean the space after the street market.
■ STEP.3 : CONNECT TO EXISTING COMMERCIAL SPACE