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Farm safety: children on the farm Brenda Stefanson, PAg Farm Business Management Specialist Regional Services, Ministry of Agriculture Watrous Regional Office Farm families have always worked together to build successful farm operations. On many farms, the human resource plan assigns much of the labour and management tasks to family members, young and old. Today’s young farm operators learned their production and management knowledge as they worked side-by-side with parents and grandparents. Now, they will pass these skills on to another generation of farm kids. Family farm life provides a stimulating learning environment for children of all ages. The knowledge and the work ethic they develop while helping on the family farm will serve them well in their future careers. However, the farm is also a workplace in which numerous health and safety hazards are present. Here’s some practical and common sense advice for busy farm families to ensure the safety, health and well being of their children and teenagers. Identify Hazards. There are numerous hazards on a farm including machinery, chemicals, unpredictable livestock, enclosed spaces (grain storage, etc.), and electricity. An important step to preventing tragedy is to make a list of all the things that could seriously harm a younger child. Develop fenced-off safe play areas to keep toddlers and younger children away from workplace hazards. As children grow older and increasingly participate in farm activities, continue to work with them to assess the hazards and ensure that older children are appropriately trained. Base Expectations on Both Age and Maturity. Children grow and mature at

different rates. Young adults tend to overestimate their skill and knowledge levels when asked if they can perform a task. Parents are the best judge of when a young adult has the maturity to take on farm chores that are hazardous. Initial training and supervision is important to ensure your child can do the chore safely. Emphasize Safety and Model Safe Behaviour. Consider your own behaviour in busy and difficult times. Do you take shortcuts that compromise safety? Children will learn your habits… both good and bad. Keep them safe as they learn about farm work through the consistent demonstration of your own good habits and safe work practices. Develop and Enforce a Safe Environment. Set up appropriate rules for your children to follow and monitor them consistently. Utilize the many government and community agencies that focus on farm safety to learn more about protecting your loved ones on the family farm. The Agriculture Health and Safety Network, the Ministry of Labour Relations and Workplace Safety, and the Ministry of Agriculture can provide you with information and resources to help you keep your family and employees safe as they work and play this summer. As we look forward to a busy and productive growing season and our children enjoy their summer vacation, keep safety in mind. For more information, please contact: • Watrous Regional Services Office at (306) 946-3220, • Agriculture Knowledge Centre at 1-866-457-2377 or • Visit our website at www.agriculture.gov.sk.ca.

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These guides are available on the Ministry of Agricultureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s website or a Regional Office near you. Finally, balance your forage supply with your animal requirements. 3. Develop a plan of action Talking to a forage specialist will help to provide you with possible options to reach your goals and will help identify various range management tools that you can use. 4. Monitor and evaluate your progress Be adaptive in your management approach. Environmental variations such as drought or excess moisture can force you to change management activities however your long-term outcomes should remain relatively stable. Maybe a long-term outcome is to manage for periodic drought. Yearly monitoring and repeating the inventory process on a three-to-five-year basis provides valuable feedback on the effectiveness of your grazing plan and indicates where adjustments may be warranted. For more information â&#x20AC;˘ Contact a Regional Forage Specialist near you; â&#x20AC;˘ Call the Agriculture Knowledge Centre at 1-866-457-2377; or â&#x20AC;˘ Visit our website at www.agriculture. .gov.sk.ca.

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Nadia Mori, MSc, PAg, Regional Forage Specialist, Watrous Regional Services Branch Whether itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s developing more options for winter grazing or reducing labour requirements â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a strong grazing plan can help these actions become reality. The following four steps can help when developing your grazing plan: 1. Set realistic, achievable outcomes Know what you wish to achieve in the long-term. For example, you may want to improve pasture condition to increase longterm forage production. A key management activity could be to delay grazing until midJune on tame pasture or until July 1 on native pasture. This allows grasses to recover from previous grazing events and avoid plant stress during a critical growth period. 2. Inventory and map your pasture Start with a visual inventory of the land being managed. Aerial maps are best but satellite imagery is also available. Outline paddocks, fence-lines, watering sites, and handling facilities. Describe range sites (e.g. sandy range site) and range condition (e.g. fair or good) and identify the vegetation present in each paddock. Calculate your forage supply by using stocking rate guides.

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Custom farming agreements Brenda Stefanson, PAg Regional Farm Business Management Specialist Regional Services, Watrous Ministry of Agriculture Many farmers rely on custom operators to conduct various farming activities such as spraying or combining. Whether your neighbour has offered to help finish the last of the harvest or you are hiring a custom combiner for the entire harvest, you are entering into a business arrangement. The terms of this arrangement should be written in a formal agreement. If your agreement is not written, the terms may be misunderstood and dis-

putes may arise. Significant losses can occur if an operation is not started or completed on time. To facilitate planning, a custom hiring agreement should include a schedule of operations for both parties. For example, when the custom combiner is picking up swathed grain, the schedule would outline time periods for swathing by the owner and combining by the custom operator. The agreement must have some flexibility since the timing of the activities will be influenced by weather conditions and crop maturity. Disputes can be avoided if the agreement outlines the consequences which both parties agree to

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if either party is unable to complete their contractual obligations. The agreement should include a description of the exact operation to be performed including which party will provide the equipment, materials, inputs and/or labour. The custom operator and the owner will negotiate the rate or fee for each operation to be performed. The rate may be based on acreage, time spent or total operation performed. If the crop and weather conditions are good, the rate may be on a per acre basis. However, if the crop is flattened or there is excess moisture, the operator may want to charge an hourly rate to compensate for the extra effort and time the operation will take. A custom hiring agreement should stipulate the terms of payment. The invoice should indicate the actual units (hours or acres), the rate charged per unit, the total charge and the due date. Most contracts include a termination clause that indicates the minimum period for notice of termination. Either party may have to terminate the agreement because of unforeseen circumstances. Conflict can be avoided if the conditions of termination are agreed on and outlined in the agreement. Both the custom operator and the farm owner should consult their insurance company to confirm that they have the appropriate policy in place to provide adequate protection. A custom operator may be considered differently than a farmer for insurance purposes. It is advisable to know the rules before an accident happens. It is always a good idea to consult a lawyer to review contracts and legal agreements. Spending some money up front to insure you know what you are agreeing to when you sign a contract can prevent disputes and save you a lot of money later on. The Farm Machinery Custom and Rental Rate Guide provides guidelines for per hour or per acre rates for many farm operations and a wide range of farm equipment. The Guide also includes sample custom farming agreements. The Farm Machinery Custom and Rental Rate Guide is available from the Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture Regional Offices and online at www.agriculture.gov.sk.ca. For more information, please contact: â&#x20AC;˘ Watrous Regional Services Office at (306) 946-3220, â&#x20AC;˘ Agriculture Knowledge Centre at 1-866-457-2377 or â&#x20AC;˘ Visit our website at www.agriculture.gov.sk.ca.

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bags. Environmental factors may also be of concern and you will want to watch for information from the grain bag recycling pilot project currently underway. For more information on this subject contact: • Mike Pylypchuk, Provincial Business Management Specialist (306) 787-5963 • Brenda Stefanson (306) 946-3214 • Agriculture Knowledge Centre (1-866-457-2377) or

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around 10 years, we can calculate the annual cost of the various storage options. The annual cost calculations include depreciation, opportunity cost, repairs and maintenance and interest on investment. The annual cost of the grain bag option includes the yearly cost of bags and an allowance for spoilage. The total annual cost of steel hopper bins with steel foundations and aeration is approximately $70,437.32 or $0.59 per bushel of storage capacity. Flat bottom steel bins with concrete floors and aeration show an annual cost of $45,916.00 or $0.38 per bushel. The annual cost of the equipment (bagger, un-loader and grain cart) necessary in a grain bag system is $24,360. This comes in at just $0.20 per bushel but adding in the yearly purchase of bags and cost of spoilage, the estimated annual cost of the bag system is $0.37 per bushel. This does not include the cost of the tractor required to power the equipment. This analysis seems to indicate that grain bag systems and flat bottom bins are lower in initial investment costs and annual costs. However, there may be other factors that influence your decisions on grain storage. You might also be considering the ease of unloading hopper bins or the convenience of on-field storage provided by grain

Brenda Stefanson, PAg Farm Business Management Specialist Regional Services, Ministry of Agriculture Watrous Regional Office What is the most cost effective way to increase your storage capacity? Ministry of Agriculture staff have made some calculations to help inform your decision. This article provides a cost comparison on three types of storage options: (1) steel hopper bottom bins with steel foundations and aeration, (2) steel flat bottom bins with concrete floors and aeration, and (3) grain bag system. The calculations are based on pricing information gathered in early 2011. The actual investment costs will vary based on the prices you negotiate with your supplier. To enable a cost comparison, several assumptions are made. It is assumed that the farm requires 120,000 bushels of storage capacity, based on 4000 seeded acres with an average yield of 30 bushels per acre. The cost of augers for loading and unloading is included in the cost of bins. The cost of the grain bag system includes the cost of a loader, un-loader and grain cart. The cost of spoilage in bins is not included but spoilage is included in the cost of the grain bag system because it can be a significant cost especially when storing a commodity with a high market value. Let’s look at the total investment cost of the different storage options. To store 120,000 bushels, you will need approximately 22 hopper bins with a capacity of 5390 each. With the cost of foundations, aeration and auger included, the total investment is estimated to be $459,184.60 or $3.83 per bushel of storage space. You will need just 9.6 flat bottom bins with 12,500 bushel capacity, to store the same amount of product. Including the cost of concrete floors, aeration and augers the total investment cost would be approximately $293,500.00 or $2.45 per bushel of storage capacity. Grain bags can also store up to 12,500 bushels so 9.6 bags will store 120,000 bushels of grain. The total cost of the bags would be $7,584.00 but this purchase must be made yearly. You won’t need foundations or aeration but you will need a bagger, un-loader and grain cart. Including these costs, your total initial investment is $112,584.00 or $0.94 per bushel. Assuming that bins will last approximately 25 years and augers, grain baggers, un-loaders and grain carts

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Toll Free 1-866-873-5488 Or 306-873-5488 After Hours: Res. 306-873-5410 Fax 306-873-5492 Box 2199,Tisdale,Sk S0E 1T0 Email: Bruce@Sasktel.Net 5 FALL FARM GUIDE FRIDAY, AUGUST 24, 2012

Fall seeding forages Charlotte Ward, PAg Regional Forage Specialist, Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture

While many farmers and ranchers have harvest on their minds at this time of year, others are also thinking about seeding next year’s forage crop. Typically spring is the recommended time of year for seeding perennial forages as it tends to be the most successful due to ideal moisture conditions. However dormant seeding in the fall can also be successful. The term dormant seeding is when seed is placed in the ground in late fall (between Oct. 15 and freeze-up) with the expectation it will sit dormant until the following spring before germinating. Timing is critical with this type of seeding. Seeding too early when temperatures are warm enough for the seed to take on moisture and germinate can result in seed and seedling mortality. Average daily air and soil temperatures should be five degrees Celsius or less before seeds are placed in the ground. Dormant fall seeding can be advantageous because equipment is not being utilized for annual crops. Also, land which was inaccessible in the spring, including land subject to spring flooding or salinity, may now be accessible. Seeding saline areas is desirable in the fall since early spring snow melt temporarily decreases soil salinity concentrations. Late fall seeding also allows greater control of perennial, hard to control weeds such as dandelions, Canada thistle and quack grass, which can hinder forage production. An additional benefit is that some forage species have increased establishment success when dormant seeded. Dormant seeding may not work in all cases. Land that is prone to soil crusting may result in poor spring emergence. Rodents may also feed on forage seeds throughout the winter months and this will result in fewer seeds available for spring

germination. Finally, some species such as alfalfa, sweet clover and intermediate wheatgrass have reduced establishment success when dormant seeded. A general recommendation is to increase your dormant seeding rate by 25 to 35 per cent compared to spring seeding to combat some of the aforementioned issues. Regardless of the time of year perennial forages are put in the ground, keep in mind a few key details: 1) Purchase quality seed and ask for a seed certificate so that seed content is known. 2) Seed at the correct depth. Forage seeds are generally small so be careful not to seed too deep. 3) Prepare a firm seed bed to ensure good seed to soil contact.

4) Use the correct seeding rate and ensure that equipment is metering it accurately. 5) Manage the land in the year or two prior to forage establishment to control weeds, particularly perennial weeds, which can be problematic in perennial forage stands. 6) Ensure adequate soil fertility. A relatively inexpensive soil test can indicate what is needed for a pre and post establishment fertility plan. It may be beneficial to incorporate a few years worth of immobile nutrients such as phosphorus and potash prior to or at establishment to avoid annual applications of these nutrients. For more information on this or other forage related topics, please contact Charlotte Ward, Regional Forage Specialist in the Yorkton Regional Office, at (306) 786-1608.

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All Prices Listed As Canadian Dollars HARVESTERS- COMBINES AND HEADERS 2011 MF 9895, 350 sep hrs, full load, mav, 16’ pu .................$345,000 2010 MF 9895, 350 sep hrs, full load, 16’ pu..........................$315,000 2009 MF 5100, draper, 36’, mf adtr, tran kit..............................$49,900 2009 MF 9695, 900’, 110 sep hrs, chopper, chaff...................$239,900 2006 MF 9690, chopper, chaff, 900’s, 820sp hrs....................$199,900 2006 MF 9790, mav,16’ pu, duals, full ld, fieldstar..................$179,900 2005 MF 9690, 680 sep hrs, 30.5x32, chopper, chaff spdr ....$199,000 2005 CHALLENGER 670, 1050 Hrs, new pu, chopper ..........$169,900 2001 MF 8780XP, 1750 sep hrs, super 8, chopper, chaff spd....$99,000 1998 MF 8780, 2011 sep hrs, chopper, chaff ...........................$79,900 1995 MF 9700-30, rigid, bat .......................................................$9,900 1994 MF 8570, 3000hrs, chopper, pu, spreader ......................$39,900 1991 CIH 1680, 4400 eng hrs, rotor updated ...........................$29,900 1986 MF 8560, chopper, pu header, 190hp..............................$29,900 1983 JD (X2) 8820’s, chopper, 14’jd pu, 30.5 .......................... $11,900 Honeybee, 35’ draper, mf ad, ull reels ......................................$35,900 HAY AND FORAGE EQUIPMENT 2008 MACDON R80 Disc Header, 600 Acres .............................. CALL 2004 HESSTON 956A, full auto, nice.......................................$21,900 2003 HESSTON 8020, 16”, sickle, rubber on steel, fits MF & Hesston ...$18,900 2003 NH BR780, nice ...............................................................$19,900 2001 HESSTON 1275, 16’ 110 “ rbr on stl rollers, double drive .... $27,900 1999 MF 220 ll, 30’, ull’s, roller, sch, sheers, 1400hrs..............$49,900 1994 CIH 8380, 16’, rbr on stl rollers, swing...............................$9,900 1989 NI 486, 5X6, soft core ........................................................$3,900 1989 CCIL 722,30’,pu reels ......................................................$14,900 1983 VERS 4400, DSL, ENG, cab, pu reels, cab.......................$7,900 1982 JD 1380, 14’ swing, steel rollers ........................................$8,900 1975 IH 75, 28’ batt reels............................................................$2,500 220 Hay Header, 16’ .................................................................$13,900 OTMA 2-Wht ft mt swath turner .....................................................$999 TRACTORS 2009 VERSATILE 535, 900’s, 900hr, 12sp trans, d lux cab ...$220,000 2008 JD 6430 PRM, 673 ldr, grpl, fwa, 16sp trans, 3pth ..........$69,000 2007 CHALLENGER MT965B, 510hp, 800’s, 6hyd, 5800hrs ...$179,000 2007 CHALLENGER MT865B, 510hp, tracks, 6hyd, 6000hrs....$189,000 2005 VERS 2375, 2400hrs, 710’s,12sp trans, 4hy.................$125,900 2005 FENDT 926, 240hp, 5775hrs, 710 dls, frt susp, cvt.......$135,000 2004 AGCO RT 120, 1665 hrs, new 2795 ldr, vct trans............$99,000 2004 CHALLENGER MT535, 3000 hr, 100pto, 32sp, perk, fwa ...$49,900 2002 MF GC2300, 350 Hrs ........................................................$9,900 2001 FENDT 714, 125hp, loader, grapple, cab & axle susp ....$59,900

1997 NH 8670, ps trans, 2135 ldr, fwa, 7000hrs ......................$65,900 1996 AGCO White 6175, 4300 hrs, 20.8 dls, 3hyd, fwa, 18sp ...$59,900 1996 AGCO Allis 9670, ps trans, 175hp, fwa ...........................$59,000 1995 CAT 75C, 325hp, 4hyd, 3pt, pto. .....................................$59,900 1993 FORD 946, 20.8x42 dla, 6000hrs, 4hyd ..........................$69,900 1993 AGCO ALLIS 9630, 5831 Hrs, 18 spd ps ........................$59,900 1990 AGCO ALLIS 9170, fwa, 170hp, 18sp trans ....................$33,900 1990 AGCO ALLIS 9190, fwa, dls, 4751 hrs, ft wgts ................$43,900 1990 JD 8960, duals, st trans, 4hyd, cummins.........................$59,900 1988 WHITE 185, 5488 hrs, 1000 pto ......................................$49,900 1986 DUETZ DX7.10, 2wd, 5700hrs, nice ...............................$18,900 1985 VERSATILE 936, ps trans, 310hp, new 24.5x32 .............$45,900 1984 DEUTZ 6806, 68hp, 2 wd, fel ............................................$7,900 1977 White 4-180, 23.1x34 sgls, 12sp, 1000pto, 4500 hrs ......$16,900 1975 MF 235, dsl, 3pth, 2wd ......................................................$7,900 IHC 1026, hydro, NO 3pth, farmall, duals.................................$16,900 SPRAYERS & SPREADERS 2010 VERSATILE SPX275, 100’, full ld, 1200gl .....................$200,000 2003 TERRA 8104, 4612hr, 70’, am1000, tarp, grn bn .......... $119,900 BOURG CENT, 90’ .....................................................................$8,900 INDUSTRIAL LIFTS 2005 SKYJACK SJ8841, 4x4, sissorlift, 41’ lift, 1500lbs ..........$17,900 2003 NOBLE TM50, forklift, 1028 hrs, hydro drive .....................$9,900 2003 SKYTACK SJ9250, scissor lift, 4x4, rough terrain ...........$29,900 2000 Lull 644 ............................................................................$27,900 1999 TRAVERSE 6035, 6000lbs, 37’ lift, 4x4x4 .......................$27,900 1996 SNORKEL 4048-4AG, sissorlift, 750lbs lift, 39’ lift........... $11,900 1995 MARKLIFT CH80C, 500lbs lift ...........................................$9,900 1994 LULL 644TT34, 6000lbs lift, 4x4x4 ..................................$23,900 1994 TRAVERSE TLC6044, 6000lbs lift, 4x4x4 .......................$21,900 1990 LULL ML 10K, 10,000lb lift, 4x4x4, 42’ reach ..................$36,900 1990 Lull 844, 8000lb lift, 34’ reach, 4x4x4 ..............................$15,900 1984 GRADALL 534B8, 8000lbs, 4x4, 102hp ..........................$19,900 CAT VC60D, forklift, cab in&outdoor, 6000lbs ...........................$9,900 CLARK C500Y55, forklift, cab in&outdoor, 5500lbs ................. $11,900 CAT T50B forklift, indoor, 48hp, 5000 lbs lift...............................$5,900 SKIDSTEERS 2008 CAT 232B, 49hp, 100hrs, 1750lbs lift, canopy.................$39,900 2008 NH L160, 3100hrs, 46hp, 1600 lbs lift .............................$27,900 2007 CAT 242Bll, track, cab, 57hp, 2000lb lift ..........................$29,900 2006 BOBCAT 463, 23hp, 700lbs lift ........................................$12,900 2006 CAT 247B, cab, tracks, 74hp, 1950lb lift..........................$24,900 2005 JD 317, 61hp, 1750lbs lift, cab ........................................$22,900

6 FALL FARM GUIDE FRIDAY, AUGUST 24, 2012

2005 THOMAS 85, 28hp ..........................................................$13,900 2005 CAT 248B XPS, high flo, multi terrain, 74hp, 2000lb lift ....$27,900 2004 SCAT TRAK 1700, 80hp, 1850lb lift ................................$19,900 2004 SCAT TRAK 1330C, 46hp, w/bk hoe att ..........................$18,900 2003 JD 250, canopy, 64hp, 1750lbs lift...................................$23,900 2003 JCB 1110 ROBOT, 92 hp, 2400lbs lift ..............................$27,900 2003 MUSTANG 2095, cab, air, aux hyd, 2800hrs...................$27,900 2003 BOBCAT T250, 3300hrs, 3600lbs lift, track, 81hp ...........$23,900 2003 KOMATSU SK1020-5, 2000 lbs lift, high flow..................$26,900 2003 CAT 277, cab, 1200hrs, tracks, 80hp, 2950lb lft ..............$29,900 2002 CAT 252, cat dsl, 63hp, 2250lbs lift .................................$24,900 2002 CAT 248, Hy flow, 80hp, 2000lbs lift ................................$24,900 2002 JD 250, canopy, 64hp, 1750lbs lift...................................$21,900 2002 GEHL SL7800, 110hp, cab, air, ht, 3600lb lift ..................$29,900 2000 BOBCAT 463, 22.5hp kub dsl, 700lbs lift.........................$13,900 2000 THOMAS 2000 PRO, 87hp, 2200 lift, kub dsl .................$19,900 1999 CASE 1840C, 56hp, 1400lbs lift, 3.9 cummins................$17,900 1991 CASE 1840, 51hp, 2100 hrs, 1400lbs lift, canopy ...........$17,900 WHEEL LOADERS 2005 TEREX SKL834, 60hp, 660hrs, 1.2yrd cap .....................$39,000 2003 CASE 621D, 134hp, 2.2 yrd bkt cap................................$69,900 2001 KAWASKI 60Z IV, 105hp, 4800hrs, 2.1 yrd bkt ...............$47,900 1998 SCATTRAK 3200, 4WD, 75 yrd bkt, JD ..........................$19,900 1998 DAEWOO MEGA 200, 136hp ..........................................$44,900 1995 KAWASKI 95Z IV, 315hp, N14 cummins .........................$59,900 1994 CASE 721B, 140hp, 3.25yd bkt .......................................$49,900 1991 JD 744E, 230hp, 5yrd bkt ................................................$47,900 1991 DRESSER 515C, 120hp, 2.25yrd bkt cap .......................$34,900 1987 DRESSER 510B, 80hp, 1.75 yrd bkt ...............................$23,900 1985 CASE W11, 69hp, 75 yrd bkt ...........................................$25,900 1982 CAT 988B, 375hp, 7.5 yrd bkt..........................................$79,900 1980 VOLVO LM1240 ..............................................................$32,900 1975 CASE W24, 125hp, 2yrd bkt............................................$19,900 FIAT ALLIS 745B, 202hp, 4 yrd bkt ..........................................$17,900 DOZERS 1997 CAT D5M LGP, 6way, cab, 6900hrs, 110hp .....................$79,900 1988 CAT D6H LGP, cab, reg blade, 165hp .............................$45,900 BACKHOES 2007 VOLVO BL70, 4x4, 90hp, 14’d.d.,1.3yrd ldr cap..............$79,900 2007 TEREX 860B, 94hp, 4x4, 14’8’’dd ...................................$79,900 2004 NH LB110, 4x4, exthoe, 2600 hrs, 108hp........................$49,900 2000 JCB 214 III, 4x4, 120hrs, 76hp ........................................$49,900 1998 CASE 580SL ll, 4x4, 90hp, 14’5’’dd .................................$39,900

Visit Us At: www.kmksales.com 1997 FORD 555e, 2WD, thumb, 4200hrs ................................$27,900 1991 JD 310D, 4x4, 70hp, 14’6” dd, 1.12ldr bkt, 7600hr ..........$28,900 1991 CASE 680L, 4x4, 90hp, 16’6” dd .....................................$19,900 1990 J D 793, 9364hrs, 24” pads .............................................$29,900 1990 CAT 416, 4x4, exthoe, 62hp, 8400hrs .............................$29,900 1986 JD 710B, 100hp, 4x4, 18’ dd, 5200hrs ............................$35,900 EXCAVATORS 2006 MUSTANG G50ZRD, min ex, 1000hrs, cab, thumb ........$49,900 2005 BOBCAT 430 MIDI, ex, cab, air, 44hr, tracks...................$32,900 2002 Daewoo Solar 220LC 111, 135hp, crwl tracks .................$55,900 1998 YANMAR YB10, mini hoe, 28hp, 10’DD ..........................$15,900 1995 HITACHI EX200LC-2, tracks, 132 hp ..............................$34,900 1984 GRADALL G880C, tracks ................................................$17,900 1983 POCLAIN 160 CK, 156hp, deutz dsl, 8200hrs ................$25,900 1983 POCLAIN 220 CK, 235 hp, deutz dsl, 9100hrs ...............$27,900 YANMAR YB1200SS, mini exc .................................................$19,900 TRUCKS 2007 CHEV, 4X4, crew, dsl, auto, new body ............................$21,900 2006 DODGE 2500HD, mega, 4X4, dsl ...................................$23,900 1992 GMC TOPKICK 7500, s/a, cat, bkt truck, 5&2 .................$12,900 1990 KENWORTH T800, t/a, gravel, 350cums, 13sp ..............$29,900 1990 FORD F800, s/a, gravel, 5&2 ..........................................$12,900 1986 FORD 8000, dsl, auto, skymaster bkt..............................$12,900 1983 KW s/a, picker truck, cummins, auto .................................$9,900 1982 S 10 Chevy, custom auto...................................................$5,900 1981 IHC 4300, 8v92, 13sp, spring, sleeper ..............................$6,900 MISC 2010 CUB CADET l1050, 25hp, 50” deck, 2 bagger ..................$3,250 2008 BRENT 1080, grain cart, tarp, 900’s, scale .....................$39,900 2008 KAW 3010 mule, 600hrs, windshield .................................$6,900 2005 STONE RHINO, RBD54, vib padft comp.........................$19,900 2000 DITCH WITCH JT920, direc drill .....................................$19,900 1993 CASE 480F, skip loader, ganon box blade, 63hp ............$13,900 1993 DRESSER 870 grader, 201 hp, 14’ blade, cummins .......$43,900 1991 DUO-PACT SDR1400b vibrate padfoot, deutz eng .........$17,900 1979 FIAT ALLIS 100C, grader, 135hp .....................................$29,900 INGERSOLL-RAND, L6 light tower, 3000hrs .............................$6,900 MULTIQUIP LT12, light stand, 6000hrs ......................................$5,900 RAYGO-WAGNER, vib padfoot compactor, jd power ...............$19,900 SICARD BMG4 Q/C 102” whl ldr snow blr, dt dsl eng ................$7,900 A86-4B-3.9-sp, whl ldr sno blr, cummins dsl ............................ $11,900 Icon 14 yard pull type scraper ..................................................$19,900 Ditch Witch 6510, dsl, 8 trench bar, crumbing shoe, cable plowblade ..$9,900 Matatdor 7900, 6ft swath invertor ...............................................$6,900

HUMBOLDT CO-OP AGRO DEPARTMENT Large Selection of Fuel Storage Tanks.

Humbodt CO-OP has liquid and dry fertilizer with custom blending and delivery available. Call Brad at 682-2252.

Not happy with your temporary grain storage? Nothing beats permanent storage! We have your storage solutions from 3,300 bushels to 73,300 bushels. - Monitor your grain with a Westeel temperature and moisture system - Choose from numerous styles of aeration for cooling and drying - Fans, Fans, Fans from 3 hp to 10 hp - Bin parts for repairs or extending existing bins - Tired of Shovelling? We handle cones from 14 ft to 27 ft - Custom Bin moving and Crane rentals - Take control of your fertilizer purchases with your own storage. Stop by and checkout our supply of fertilizer bins.

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7 FALL FARM GUIDE FRIDAY, AUGUST 24, 2012

Understanding preharvest management Erin McLeod AAg Regional Crops Specialist, Watrous Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture This time of year there are many questions about harvest management and the use of pre-harvest chemicals in crops. Often the questions asked include “Should I desiccate my crop?” and “What should I spray and when is the best time to spray my crop?” In order to answer these questions, it is important to understand the difference between spraying a crop desiccant such as Reglone and using a pre-harvest glyphosate for harvest management. A crop desiccant is used when a crop or other green material needs to be dried down quickly for harvesting. Under good growing conditions, desiccants dry down the crop in four to seven days as well as any weeds that may be the field. It is important to note that a desiccant such as Reglone is a contact herbicide. This means that the herbicide will not move through the plant and therefore it requires good coverage of the plant surface when sprayed to work effectively. However, there is no control of perennial weeds in fields when using a desiccant and crops can re-grow if there is any late season moisture after the plants have already dried down. Pre-harvest glyphosate is often used as a good perennial weed control tool later in the season for some troublesome weeds such as Canada thistle, perennial sow thistle, quackgrass and dandelions and helps to reduce uneven maturity across a field. Preharvest glyphosate can also help crops and weeds to dry down so that they are easier to harvest. Dry down with pre-harvest glyphosate occurs at a much slower rate than desiccants, and generally occurs ten to fourteen days after spraying under good growing conditions. The longer time period is needed to allow the herbicide to move throughout the plant and into the roots. Neither a crop desiccant nor the use of pre-harvest glyphosate will help the crop to finish matur-

ing. Rather both Reglone and glyphosate dry plants down at whatever stage of maturity they are sprayed at. It is important that the majority of the seed in the stand has reached physiological maturity to reduce the risk of potential yield loss. The stage at which a seed has reached physiological maturity is different for each crop. For example, most cereal crops reach this stage and are ready for pre-harvest glyphosate application when the seeds are at the hard dough stage. This can be determined by pressing a kernel with your thumbnail. If the line from the impression remains on the seed then it is ready to be sprayed. In pulse crops such as peas, a crop desiccant is generally used when all of the bottom pods are ripe and the seeds are detached within those pods. The decision whether or not to use a desiccant or pre-harvest glyphosate also depends on factors other than weed control and targeted dry down periods. It is important to know the pre-harvest intervals for applying glyphosate or a desiccant to a crop. This could affect the level of Maximum Residues Levels (MRL) in the crop and could impact where and how the crop can be marketed. If grain is going to be used for seed, then pre-harvest glyphosate should not be applied in order to minimize any negative impacts on seed germination and plant stand establishment the following year. Alternatively, swathing is another tool that can also be used to help dry crops for harvest but also comes with risks if conditions become wet. Each option comes with its own advantages and disadvantages and what works one year may not be the best solution the next year. Therefore it is important to evaluate each field individually to see which option will provide the best overall results and fits within your operation. For more information on harvest management options or other topics please contact Erin McLeod at 1-306-9463216, the Agriculture Knowledge Center at 1-866-4572377 or visit the Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture website at www.agriculture.gov.sk.ca.

At MNP, we know agriculture is more than your livelihood, it’s your life.

Whether you are a primary producer or investor in the agrifood industry, MNP understands the challenges you face. Working with you one-on-one, our advisors provide comprehensive strategies, beyond traditional accounting, to help you and your agribusiness prosper. MNP has been supporting agribusiness in Canada for more than 65 years. Our team of business advisors, ﬁnancial consultants and professional agrologists are proud to be a part of your community. We are committed to the agriculture industry, with many of our advisors still involved with their own family farms to this day. MNP is committed to knowing your vision, your business and you. To ﬁnd out how MNP can help you, call Dave Moore at 306.682.2673.

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8 FALL FARM GUIDE FRIDAY, AUGUST 24, 2012

mnp.ca

August land sale generates $23 million The August sale of Crown petroleum and natural gas rights has brought in almost $23.3 million in revenue for the province. With these latest results, total land sale revenues for the 2012 calendar year now stand at $78.9 million. Minister responsible for Energy and Resources Tim McMillan said that August’s sale not only provided a healthy

return for the province, but also reflected the strong, ongoing interest by the industry in Saskatchewan’s oil patch. “Saskatchewan offers a competitive, attractive environment for exploration and development and companies are placing a premium on our oil and gas resources,” McMillan said. “That’s reflected in the average dollars per hectare received in these sales,

and so far in 2012 our average dollars per hectare price is tracking well ahead of that of the country’s other major oil producer, Alberta.” August’s sale included 237 lease parcels that brought in $22.9 million in bonus bids and two petroleum and natural gas exploration licences that sold for $366,109. The Weyburn-Estevan area received the most bids with

sales of $10 million. The Swift Current area was next at $6 million, followed by the Lloydminster area at $5.5 million and the Kindersley-Kerrobert area at $1.7 million. The highest price for a single parcel was $2.4 million. Standard Land Company Inc. acquired this 1,036-hectare lease southeast of Gull Lake. The highest price on a perhectare basis was $11,151.

Ranger Land Services Ltd. bid $180,533 for a 16-hectare lease parcel northeast of Turtleford. A special exploratory permit block on offer southwest of Assiniboia received a work commitment bid of $492,166 from Standard Land Company Inc. The next sale of Crown petroleum and natural gas dispositions will be held on October 1, 2012.

Crop report Harvest is underway according to Saskatchewan Agriculture’s Weekly Crop Report. Four per cent of the 2012 crop is combined while seven per cent is swathed or ready to straight combine. The five year (2007-2011) provincial average for this time of year is three per cent combined and six per cent swathed or ready to straight combine. Fifty-two per cent of the winter wheat, 47 per cent of the fall rye, two per cent of the barley, seven per cent of

the mustard, 13 per cent of the lentils and 22 per cent of the field peas have been combined. Eleven per cent of the canola, 13 per cent of the mustard, six per cent of the lentils, four per cent of the winter wheat and 18 per cent of the fall rye have been swathed. Livestock producers in many areas of the province finished haying this past week, although rainfall delayed progress in some areas. The average provincial hay yields on dry land are 1.5 tons per acre for alfalfa, 1.6 tons

per acre for alfalfa/brome, 1.3 tons per acre for other tame hay and wild hay and 1.9 tons per acre for greenfeed. On irrigated land, the average provincial hay yields are 2.1 tons per acre for alfalfa, 2.4 tons per acre for alfalfa/brome, 3.1 tons per acre for other tame hay and 2.5 tons per acre for greenfeed. Many areas of the province received rainfall this past week which has delayed harvest operations. The majority of crop damage is due to in-

sects, disease, wind and hail. Across the province, topsoil moisture on cropland is rated as nine per cent surplus, 73 per cent adequate, 16 per cent short and two per cent very short. Hay land and pasture topsoil moisture is rated as four per cent surplus, 69 per cent adequate, 23 per cent short and four per cent very short. Farmers are busy swathing, combining and hauling hay. Follow the 2012 Crop Report on Twitter at @SKGovAg.

Ready for harvest On Hwy. 20 just south of Burr on land owned by Valleyfield Farm, Don Williams and his hired help were combining fall rye on August 13. Williams was also ready to harvest winter wheat later on in the week. photo by Elodie Adams

USED TRACTORS

UPCOMING AUCTIONS Real Estate

Estate of Alex & Edith Derr Auction Sale Sat., Aug. 18 - 9:00 a.m.

Live Internet Bidding @ 1:00 p.m. Concession Available On Site

Livestock

Agriculture

Antiques

Spiritwood & District Co-op Inventory Reduction Auction Sale Fri., Aug. 24 - 9:00 a.m. Antique & Collectible Auction Sale Lunch prepared by the Spiritwood 4H Club. Spiritwood Ag Society Sat., Aug. 25 - 10:00 a.m. Grounds, Spiritwood, SK

Antiques

1410 Faulkner Cres. Saskatoon, SK

Real Estate

‘07 MF 6465 6465,, FWA, c/w MF965 loader, 4 spool valves, block heater, rear wiper, R20.8 R38 Ɵres, Ɵres, 16R28 Ɵ Ɵres, res, 3138 hrs ‘07 MF GC2300 GC2300,, comes with MF 2350 loader, FWA, hydro ‘02 Buhler 2160 FWA FWA,, 7280 hrs, 20.8 X 42 Ɵres, Ɵres, 84” grapple, floor floor joysƟ joysƟck, ck, bucket ‘81 VersaƟle VersaƟle 555 555,, 4WD, 15 spd, PTO, 18.4 x 38 duals, 4256 hrs

USED COMBINES

‘10 MF 9895G, c/w MF 4200 header, duals, MAV chopper, risers, auto lube, 16’ p/u ‘09 MF 9895G, duals, MAV chopper, 4200 p/u hdr, reverser, elec. sieve, beacons, 560 hrs

USED SWATHERS

‘10 Macdon M-150, c/w ‘10 Macdon D-60 header, 40’, hyd centre link, transport kit ‘05 Premier 2952i, c/w Macdon 963 header, 30’, turbo, 2 speed, single knife, single reel, 1329 hrs ‘03 Premier 2952, c/w Macdon 972 header, 36’, double knife, turbo, 2 spd, mounted swath roller, 1186 hrs ‘98 Hesston 8110, with 25’ DSA header ‘97 Case 8825, DSA, double knife, guage wheels, 21.5-16.1 Ɵres, Ɵres, comes with Case header, 30’, 1460 hrs ‘86 John Deere 2360, gas, 30’, p/u reel

USED HAYING EQUIPMENT

Estate of Theodore (Ted) and Maxine Coleman

Saskatoon All Breed Horse Mike & Doreen Long Time Collector of Phonographs & Antiques & Tack Auction Sale Kosolofski Auction Sale Sat., Sept. 15 - 9:00 a.m. & Sat., Sept. 22 - 10:00 a.m. Tue., Aug. 28 Tack @ 1:00 p.m. - Horses To Follow Sun., Sept. 16th - 10 a.m. Real Estate Sells @ 1:00 p.m. OK Corral, Martensville, SK

Antiques

Long Time Collector Antique & Collectible Auction Sale Sat., Oct. 6 - 9:00 a.m. Delisle Town Hall, Delisle, SK

’02 Hesston 856 baler, 5x6 bales, kicker ‘01 Macdon 5010 mower condiƟ condiƟoner, oner, 16 Ō. Ō. ‘98 New Idea 4865 baler ‘96 Macdon 920 mower condiƟ condiƟoner, oner, 16 Ō Hesston 81AH mower condiƟ condiƟoner, oner, 14 Ō

Cosmo Civic Centre, Saskatoon, SK Prelate, SK (Kindersley Area)

Antiques

Al Oeming’s Annual Fall Auction Sale Sunday, October 21 Edmonton Area

1.877.494.2437 • 306.227.9505 www.bodnarusauctioneering.com

874-2011 • Hwy 6 N • Hours: Mon-Fri 8-6, Sat 8-5

www.croppermotors.com 9 FALL FARM GUIDE FRIDAY, AUGUST 24, 2012

Grain storage considerations Lyndon Hicks, PAg Regional Crops Specialist Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture Grains may be stored for a long period of time but maintaining quality is dependent on the condition it was harvested and the storage facility being used. Generally speaking, grains binned at lower temperatures and moisture contents can be stored for longer periods of time before beginning to deteriorate. The occurrence of insects, molds and fungi are all affected by grain moisture and temperature and this will drastically reduce grain quality. With harvest upon us there are a few things one should consider before storing your harvested grain.

Preparation: - Ensure that all machinery, augers, storage facilities and aeration systems are thoroughly cleaned before adding new grain. - Treating bins with diatomaceous earth or Malathion is recommended prior to adding new grain. This is not recommended for storing oilseeds. - Reducing or removing vegetation within 10 meters of a storage site will decrease the number of rodents/ insects living adjacent to the stored grain. - Mixing newly harvested grains with old infested grain (i.e. high moisture content or insects) could potentially contaminate all new harvested crops.

Horizon Fertilizers Ltd. is ready to take care of all your crop needs. Need canola seed? We have you covered. Need dry, liquid or NH3 fertilizer? We’ve got you covered there again. Horizon has the full line of crop protection products to give your crops the headstart they need. Call your nearest Horizon location for all your crop input needs.

Humboldt Ph: 682-2574 • Lake Lenore Ph: 368-2338 Bruno Ph: 369-2830 • Cudworth Ph: 256-2300

During filling: - Consider aeration to bring stored grain temperature down to 10°C. Below this temperature, reproduction and movement of most insects is reduced. - If planning on storing grain for long periods of time, consider adding a grain protectant such as diatomaceous earth or Malathion (only on registered crops) when filling bins. After filling: - For grain stored above 10°C, inspect every two to three weeks for heating and insect activity. Use a grain probe to monitor the middle section of the stored grain, not just the edge. - Consider top dressing a grain protectant to control surface feeder infestations. - If insects become a problem, Phostoxin can be used. It must be applied by a licensed pesticide applicator with a fumigation license when grain temperature is above 5°C. For more information, please contact the Yorkton Regional Services Office (306)786-1531 or the Agriculture Knowledge Centre at1-866-457-2377 or visit our website at http://www.agriculture.gov.sk.ca

Donna Harpauer, MLA

Humboldt Constituency Box 2950, Humboldt, SK S0K 2A0 Ph: (306) 682-5141 Email: humboldtmla@sasktel.net

I provide a variety of specialized services for farmland properties:

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10 FALL FARM GUIDE FRIDAY, AUGUST 24, 2012

Drop off Don Williams and his crew were unloading the combine on the fly while harvesting their field of fall rye just south of Burr on August 13. Some crops are reportedly early this year, while others are lagging behind, which promises to stretch out the harvest season of 2012. photo by Elodie Adams

Common grazing management mistakes Nadia Mori, MSc, PAg, Regional Forage Specialist Watrous Regional Services Office Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture Managing pastures for maximum productivity sounds easy in theory but once weather fluctuations, insect or wildlife damage, and other unforeseen circumstances enter the equation, pasture management quickly turns into a complex balancing act. Grazing management mistakes are bound to happen when dealing with the complexity of a pasture ecosystem. Learning from these mistakes is a good preparation for future unforeseen circumstances and better risk management in your grazing system. 1. Looking only to the past to determine stocking rates. Using the same stocking rates year after year often results in pasture degradation. What may have worked in the past may not be appropriate in the present. Most grazing animals have increased in frame size, thereby increasing forage demand for a single animal. Each year will also present a different moisture situation and therefore different amounts of available forage. Properly balancing your forage supply and animal demand based on weather patterns and herd requirements is recommended. 2. Thinking that more animals grazed means higher profits. As stocking rates go above what a pasture can carry sustainably, animal performance and animal

LARGE Selection of Combines and Swathers

health will start to decline. As forage supply becomes inadequate, animals are also more likely to graze harmful and toxic plants. In addition to compromised animal performance, the grazing pressure on your desirable forage plants can lead to reduced pasture health. Long periods of rest may be necessary to restore pasture productivity. Reduced pasture productivity can be costly if additional feed needs to be purchased to meet animal nutritional requirements. All these factors reduce your profit. 3. Thinking that leaving forage behind is a waste of feed. Drought is always a matter of when, not if it occurs in Saskatchewan. Keeping stocking rates conservative is the best drought insurance policy. Well rested, vigorous forage plants with a well developed root system will stand a much better chance of survival than an overgrazed, stressed plant with a compromised root system. Forage not used in aboveaverage rainfall years can provide carry-over feed for periods of moisture shortfalls. Left-over forage material also turns into litter which helps protect the soil surface from soil erosion and keeps soils cooler and moister during the heat of the summer. 4. Following the same pasture rotation year after year. Grazing during rapid spring growth can be stressful to forage plants. Using the same pasture for spring turnout or during rapid spring growth,

is taxing on forage plants. Desired plants are often selectively and repeatedly grazed during this rapid growth stage, which may give weedy or undesirable plants an opportunity to take over. Deferring grazing during critical plant growth periods, using pastures at different seasons of the year, and rotating through pastures in different sequences from year to year will help in maintaining good pasture health. For more information, please contact: • Watrous Regional Services Office (306-946-3220); • Agriculture Knowledge Centre (1-866-457-2377); or • Visit our website at www.agriculture.gov.sk.ca.

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11 FALL FARM GUIDE FRIDAY, AUGUST 24, 2012

Do you have aster yellows in your crop this year? By Alica Olson, Regional Services Branch, Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, North Battleford If you see plants in your field that look different or that seem to be growing abnormally, take a closer look as it may be aster yellows. With combinations of a wet spring with recent hot weather and an abundance of leaf hoppers earlier on there has been an increase in the incidence and the symptoms in many areas. Aster yellows is a disease caused by a phytoplasmic micro-organism. The symptoms of the disease depend on the species of plant. The most obvious symptoms are the malformed flowers and pods that give the plant an abnormal appearance. Aster yellows can affect 300 species of plants in 48 plant families including broadleaf crops, vegetables, ornamentals, weeds and, to a lesser extent, cereal crops. In Saskatchewan the crops that we can see symptoms on include canola, camellia, mustard, flax, sunflower, alfalfa, potato, carrot, tomato, pea, wheat and barley. You may also see various weeds infected with aster yellows including redroot pigweed, dandelion, stinkweed, chickweed, quackgrass, wild mustard, lambs quarters, and sowthistle. The pathogen lives in the plant tissue that water moves through or the sap of infected plants and is transmitted from plant to plant by leafhoppers. The pathogen can overwinter in the root tissue of biennial or perennial crops and/or weeds which can provide a source for the disease in early spring. Another source of the pathogen is from the United States where it can be carried by infected leafhoppers arriving on wind currents. Leafhoppers acquire the phytoplasma and transmit it to new plants as they feed

on infected tissue. It is through their saliva that the aster yellows phytoplasma is transmitted. Leafhoppers do feed on the plant but the feeding itself is not considered an economic threat to the crop, it is the disease transmission that is a concern. After feeding on an infected plant it takes two to three weeks before the leafhopper become infectious and

of the disease in plants, symptoms usually appear later in the season and damage is minimal. In 2007, aster yellow was more prevalent and some Prairie canola fields had up to 15 percent infected plants. Potential yield loss is hard to determine as it depends on the level of infection and how early the plant was infected. However, research results at Agricul-

can pass it on to other plants. The infectious period will last for the remainder of the leafhopperâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s adult life (one to three months). Luckily, the phytoplasma is not transmitted to the overwintering eggs. Once infected, symptom development depends on the age of the plant. Younger plants show symptoms within several days while with older plants it can take two to four weeks. Because of the delayed expression

ture and Agri-Food Canada in Saskatoon have shown that ten percent incidence of infected plants may result in yield losses between three to seven percent. Symptoms on the plant can vary from completely abnormal looking plants to more normal looking plants that have reduced seed set. Some plants can look normal but the pods are empty. Unfortunately, these symptoms do not appear until

late in the season and yields can be disappointing. In most years, fields will only show trace amounts of this disease and rarely more than five percent. Usually economic loss from aster yellows in canola is minimal. In canola, the damage usually looks worse than it actually is, because infected plants are usually taller than the rest of the crop canopy with distinctive symptoms and an erect nature. Infected canola plants are often discoloured with flowers replaced by green leaf-like structures ad pods becoming deformed and bladder-like in appearance. We are starting to see aster yellows showing up in fields in Saskatchewan. This is not surprising given that leafhoppers were reported in high numbers this spring with a higher than average infection rate reported by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Scout fields and look for abnormal plants. Unfortunately, there is nothing to fix the situation. There are no products registered to control the disease itself and no varieties with resistance. Once the symptoms appear there is nothing that can be done to reverse the infection or kill the organism. Ways to minimize the potential for aster yellow infection for future years include seed early, control perennial weeds in and around susceptible crops, avoid planting near perennial crops that are known to be infected, and watch for the presence of leaf hoppers. Application of an insecticide registered for use on leafhoppers may be beneficial if populations are high enough early in the season. For more information contact your Regional Crop Specialist at 1-306-446-7475 or the Agriculture Knowledge Centre at 1-866-457-2377.

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Alfalfa weevils on the rise Nadia Mori PAg, Regional Forage shaped pattern, collecting 30 stems as Specialist, Watrous you walk. Place the stems in a white Saskatchewan Ministry of pail and then beat the stems against Agriculture the side of the pail to dislodge the larAlfalfa weevils are becoming an vae. increasing issue affecting local hay What are the economic thresholds and pasture fields. Alfalfa weevils for alfalfa weevil for chemical conover-winter under plant debris and trol? soil and emerge in the spring and beIn seed production fields, economgin feeding on alfalfa leaves, creating ic thresholds are 30-35% of the foliage round holes in the leaves. Females tips showing feeding damage or 20chew holes in the alfalfa stem and lay 30 larvae per 90 degree sweep with an their eggs in the stem. When the eggs insect sweep net. hatch, the larvae initially feed within In hay production fields, economthe stem before moving on to the deic thresholds veloping buds and new leaves. Damvary with crop age begins as pinholes but progresses height. For a 30 to the leaf surfaces between leaf veins cm high crop, and creates a ragged, skelethe economic tonized leaf. Often damage threshold is one can be seen from a distance larvae per stem. as the alfalfa crop takes For a 40 cm high on a whitish or silvercrop, the ecoish sheen. Larvae Alfalfa nomic threshold primarily feed in weevil larvae. is two larvae per May and June J. Soroka, Agriculture stem. Three larwith peak larand Agri-Food Canada vae per stem revae activity ocquires immedicurring from mid-June to mid-July. ate action regardless of crop height. They will often feed on the young Maximum feeding damage by buds with damage resulting in some alfalfa weevil coincides with early fields not even flowering. If you typi- bloom of alfalfa. Cutting hay at early cally wait until 10-20% bloom in your bloom will give the best compromise field to cut hay, your field may never between yield and quality and stop actually reach that point as weevil yield loss from further weevil damlarvae will continue to feed on your age. If early cutting is not feasible crop. and there is severe infestation, alfalfa In late June and early July, the lar- weevil can be controlled with chemivae move down to the base of the cal methods. For a complete list of plants and spin a cocoon. Adults products registered for chemical conemerge in one to two weeks and will trol of alfalfa weevil, please refer to feed up until the end of August-early the 2012 Guide to Crop Protection. September when they seek out proFor more information on this or other tected places to spend the winter. topics please call me at the Watrous MinHow do you field scout for alfalfa istry of Agriculture office (306) 946weevils? 3219, the Agriculture Knowledge Centre Field scouting for alfalfa weevils is at 1-866-457-2377 or visit our website relatively easy. Walk the field in a W- http://www.agriculture.gov.sk.ca/

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Good crop and herbicide rotations go hand in hand Erin McLeod, MSc., AAg Regional Crop Specialist, Watrous Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture The task of balancing yields while still maintaining good crop and herbicide rotations can be complex. Dependency on just a few herbicides can lead to the overuse and development of herbicide resistant weeds within fields that can be difficult to control. An effective long-term crop rotation that includes cereals, pulses and oilseeds can complement the rotation of multiple herbicide groups with different modes of action (MOA). Herbicides are classified into different groups depending on the MOA used to control the target weeds. Very few MOA’s have been developed in recent years. Therefore, reducing the risk of herbicide resistance is important in order for herbicides to remain an effective weed control tool .This is most successfully done by rotating herbicide groups used within a field and/or by using two or more MOA to control the same target weeds. Using multiple modes of action may be accomplished through herbicide combinations sold as one product or through the use of a registered tank mix. One such example of this is where multiple applications of glyphosate products are used each year for pre-seed, post harvest or chemical fallow weed control. By tank mixing or using a product with an additional MOA with glyphosate that targets the same weeds such as Heat (group 14), 2,4-D (group 4) or MCPA (group 4), can reduce the risk of developing glyphosate resistant weeds.

In cereal crops a large majority of herbicides used for in-crop weed control are from groups 1, 4, and 6 allowing for less opportunity to rotate products. Registered weed control options in pulses such as peas, chickpeas and lentils can be limited. However, the introduction of a group 14 product (e.g. Authority) for chickpeas and peas allows for another MOA that can be used to control weeds such as group 2 resistant Kochia. Growing an oilseed such as canola, is an effective way of including additional herbicide groups by using herbicide tolerant crops such as group 9 (glyphosate), group 10 (Liberty) and group 2 (Clearfield). When feasible, growing other oilseed crops such as flax or mustard can also provide additional opportunities for other products to be included. While it is still possible to have an effective herbicide rotation by growing crop such as canola consecutively, it will not effectively prevent the buildup of disease and insects pressures that can reduce the performance of your crop overtime. The use of good rotations of both herbicides and crops can help to reduce the risk of developing herbicide resistant weeds in fields and improve overall crop performance. More information on herbicide group, modes of actions and registered weed control products in Saskatchewan can be found in the 2012 Guide to Crop Production. For more information on this or other topics please call me at (306) 946-3216, the Agriculture Knowledge Center at 1-866-457-2377 or visit our website http://www.agriculture. gov.sk.ca/

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14 FALL FARM GUIDE FRIDAY, AUGUST 24, 2012

Bales left in the field Andre Bonneau, PAg Forage Management Specialist, Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture In late summer, we see many bales left sitting out in the fields. While hay bales may make the countryside more scenic, we may not realize the cost of leaving the hay on the field longer than necessary. Once the bales have cooled, the bales can be taken to the feed-yard and stacked. Unless the bales are used for bale grazing, leaving that hay out in the fields until freeze-up can proof expensive. In many parts of the province, most of the cost of a hay bale is in cutting and baling, not the forage itself. Depending on yield, it can cost up to $30 to cut and roll a 1500pound bale. If the bale is valued at $55, the forage in the bale is worth $25. When about half the cost of the bale is spent on cutting and baling, it makes good sense to protect those bales as much as possible. Damage to the stand The forage plants smothered by a hay bale will be suppressed until the bale is removed. The longer the bale stays in one spot, the less likely the forage will recover and the area could become a prime site for weed invasion. Often, dandelion infestations in alfalfa stands come from areas where the alfalfa was stressed and suppressed. Research from Wisconsin has shown that wheel traffic does less damage to the alfalfa stand early in the regrowth period. In other words, the larger the alfalfa plant, the more damage wheel traffic will do to it. This can be very important if a second cut is planned for midAugust.

Damage to the bale Bales left in the field often flatten out and soften. Loading, handling and hauling those bales can be difficult as some of the bales will fall apart and dry matter losses will increase. A bale left in the field is exposed to the elements in all directions. If three inches of the outside surface of a 5 x 6 bale is spoiled, it represents about 30 per cent of the hay in that bale. In a 1,500-pound or 682 kilogram bale, a 30 per cent loss represents 450 pounds (204 kilograms) of hay. Storing bales reduces the number of exposed surfaces and can reduce losses, especially if shelter can be provided. To minimize losses, research suggests bales should be stored endto-end with the rows spaced one to two feet apart. The purpose is to minimize the amount of snow that sits on the hay and allow the snowmelt and rain to run off as quickly as possible. Some producers store bales in the “Mushroom” style, where the bottom bale is on end while the top bale lies on its side. This style provides less protection than end to end, especially if the rows are tight to each other. It’s been found that the bottom bales tend to act as a wick and draw moisture from the ground. However, it is popular as it can still shed some water, take up less space and the twine doesn’t freeze to the ground. If the bales are stored for short periods, the rows are spaced and the majority of the bales will be used before spring melt, either style is acceptable. Save money! Hauling bales through the snow, especially if you have to plough your way to the bales adds a lot of

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